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.— BIRF.IOGKAHIfl  OF  TOR  mHES  OF  TIH-:  VWmv  OIAST 
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department    of  the    SSnteriors 


IJ.  8.  NATIONAL  MUSEini. 


11 


BULLETIN 


OF  TIIK 


UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


ISTo.    11. 


rCBUSHSD  UKDEA  THE  DIRECTION  OP  TUB  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


WASniNGTOX: 

OOTKBNHENT   PRINTING   OKFIOE. 

1882. 


ADVERTISEMENT 


This  work  iej  the  eleveuth  of  a  series  of  papers  iuteiuled  t(»  illiia- 
trat4*  tlie  collections  of  natural  history  and  ethnolofjy  belonging  to  the 
[Jnitod  States,  and  constitnting  the  National  Museum,  of  which  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  was  i)laced  in  charge  by  the  a<!t  of  Congress  of 
August  10,  1846. 

it  has  been  prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Institution,  and  printed  by 
authority  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  tlie  Interior. 

S.  F.  BAIRD, 
Secretary  of  the  Smithaonian  IngHtution. 
Smithsonian  Institution, 

W<uthingt<»i,,  February^  1882. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


OK   THK 


FISHES  OF  THE  PAeiFIC  COAST 


OK    THK^^    •,  ^ 


UNITED    STATES 


Tl> 


THE   END    OF   1879 


BY 


THEODORE    OILL. 


WASHINGTON: 

ObVEBNMENT   PRINTING  OFFIOB. 
1882. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


or 


THE  FISHES  OF  THE  PACIFIC  UNITED  STATES. 


BnlL  K.  M.  No.  11—1 


•eientific  literatore  relative  to  the  fislies  of  tbo  western  coast  m 
IKorih  America  is  of  nnusaally  recent,  as  well  as  rapid,  growth.  Noth- 
ing exact  waa  known  till  the  present  century  had  far  advanced,  for  the 
■cpOQDta  of  tbe  earlier  writers,  such  as  Veuegas,  iuteadof  enligbceuiug 
the  teader,  convey  absolutely  false  ideas  respecting  the  character  of 
the  ichthyie  faaoa.  Exclusive  of  incidental  notices,  the  beginnings  of 
■a  ichihyograpby  of  tbe  northwest  coast  were  first  published  in  1831 
(bat  iirinted  in  1811)  in  the  ^*Zoograpbia  Rosso-Asiatica"  of  Pallas; 
«  few  Kpccies  from  British  Colambia  were  described  by  Bichardson  in 
1836^  while  the  fishes  of  California  remained  absolutely  unknown  till  1 839, 
when  a  glimpse,  bat  an  entirely  inadequate  one,  was  furnished  by  Lay 
ami  Bennett  in  their  notes  and  account  of  species  collected  during  the 
Toyafie  of  tbe  EngUsb  vessel  Blossom.  A  long  silence  then  supervened, 
■ad,  wiUi  the  exceptions  thus  signalized,  and  the  addition  by  Storer 
«f  a  single  species  of  Syngnathu^  in  1846,  west-coast  iobtbyography 
comcaeooed  Id  1854  with  the  announcement,  by  Professor  Agassiz,  of 
1h^  discovery  of  tbe  remarkable  tjimily  of  Embiotocoids,  This  was 
HW lily  followed  by  naiueroiis  communications,  by  Dr.  Gibbons,  Dr. 
Otrard,  aod  Dr.  Ayres,  on  now  species  of  fisbes,  mostly  from  the  Call- 
tenian  waters,  bat  partly  from  the  Oregonian  ones.  As  early  as  1858, 
Marly  200  species  had  l>ecn  made  known,  and  the  descriptions  of  most 
von  GOll««led  ia  a  general  report  by  Dr.  Girard.  Tbe  main  features 
ti  \hm  ictbUiyology  of  the  Pacitic  slope  woro  then  already  known;  but 
BKMV  receot  laborers  have  not  only  extended  largely  oar  knowledge 
•Tepeeies,  but  added  a  number  of  entirely  new  forms,  and  thrown  much 
tl^i  oo  Uio  rolationA  of  the  fish-fauna  of  that  region  to  others. 

TIm»  (blloniog  bibliography  is  a  nearly  complete  ennmeration,  in 
cbraaoloi^oal  order,  of  the  memoirs  and  articles  of  all  kinds  that  have 
Uen  pabltsbMl  on  tbe  fishes  of  the  region  in  question.  The  cbrono- 
I  Offvler  baa  been  determined  by  tbo  date  of  reading  of  tbe  articles 


1 


I 


[coiuiuuuicated  to  learned  societiea.  In  cases  or  questioD  of  priority, 
ihe  right  depends,  of  course,  on  the  period  of  publication ;  but  this 
^is  sometimes  with  great  ditllculty  ascertainable,  and  motives  of  con- 
^Rvenience  have  dictated  the  seqnence  adopted. 

^m    Perhaps  some  will  l>e  dispiised  to  believe  that  the  compiler  has  sinned 
^in  redundancy  rather  than  deficiency  in  this  bibliography.    The  evils 
of  the  former  are,  however,  easily  remedied,  while  those  of  the  latter 
I      must  leave  the  cousult.er  in  more  or  less  donbt.     Many  popular  works 
lave  been  catalogued  where  original  information  of  oven  slight  value 
was  contained,  and  when  such  works  were  among  the  earliest  published 
on  the  regions  in  question.     Besides  those  ennwerated,  works  on  Cali- 
fornia, too  numerous  to  mention,  contain  incidental  information  (very 
Brarely  of  any  original  value,  however)  respoctiDg  the  fishes  and  fisheries 
"of  that  State;  and  a  number  on  the  British  possessions  belong  to  the 
same  category.    Among  those  relative  to  British  Colnmbia  and  Van- 
couver's Island  worthy  to  be  mentioned,  but  not  to  be  particularized, 
are  the  volumes  of  VVm.  Carew*  IlazUtt  (1858),  J,  Desford  Pembertou 
(1860),  Duncan  George  Forbes  Macdonald  (1862),  Capt.  C.  E.  Barrett 
^Lennard  (180J),  Alexander  Rattray  (18C2),  Com.  It.  C.  Mayne  (18Cli), 
Hd.  M.  Sproat  (1808),  Francis  Poole  (1872),  and  Capt.  W,  F.  Butler 
1(1873). 

H    The  titles  of  the  Government  publications  are  taken  from  a  mann- 

^script  compilatiou  embracing  notices  of  all  the  reports  published  by 

the  General  and   State   governments   on    scientific  explorations,  and 

intended  to  be  more  particular  than   the  present  work.     They  are 

retained  with  the  bars  (   |  ),  indicating  the  distribution  on  the  title- 

*    pages  of  the  lines,  etc. 

Several  societies  have,  or  have  had,  the  custom  of  publishing  com- 

tnanications,  sometimes  of  an  elaborate  and  extended  nature,  without 

any  titles.    This  strange  and  senseless  mode  of  procedun;  seems  to 

have  originated  in  some  freak  or  affectation  of  modesty  on  the  part  of 

authors,  perhaps,  nither  than  a  deliberate  intention  to  shirk  latK>r  or 

confuse  matters.    Confusion  and  trouble  to  others  are  nevertheless  the 

Hresult  of  this  vicious  negligence,  and  a  consequence  is  nn  ignoring  of 

^^he  papers  thus  unentitled  or  an  irreconcilable  variation  of  titles  in 

^different  bibliographies.     Whether  the  cnsiom  originates  with  authors 

^pr  not,  the  assumption  of  it  Is  discreditable  to  ttao  editor  or  editors  of 

the  publications  adopting  it.    A  unmber  of  the  papera  here  recorded 

belong  to  this  category  of  the  unentitled  or  disentitled  :  the  titles  tol- 


lowin^r  preceded  by  an  asterisk  (*)  are  selected  ftom  the  remarks  pre* 
fatory  to  the  paper  in  the  proceedings,  and  those  preceded  by  u 
ctagger  (t)  have  been  composed  by  the  present  writer,  since  nothing 
intelligible  precedes  the  papers  themselves.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
senseless  and  causeless  sin  In  qoestion  may  speedily  be  discontinued. 
There  is  no  reason  why  any  one  should  be  compelled  to  read  the  whole 
of  an  article  (as  is  sometimes  necessary)  to  obtain  an  idea  of  what  the 
paper  relates  to ;  and  the  '<  Catalogue  of  Scientific  Papers  (1800-1863) 
compiled  and  published  by  the  Boyal  Society  of  London"  shows  how  a 
bibliography  edited  under  the  best  auspices  may  be  involved  in  grave 
errors  by  the  negligence  adverted  to. 


TITLES    OF    WORKS. 


»T — Notioift  do  1ft  California,  y  de  «a  conqnista  temporal  y  Mpinttial  hoata  el 
tieinpo  pn«ente.  Sacada  de  la  liiatoria  inannscriptaj  formada  en  Moifco 
ano  de  I7di).  \toT  el  Padro  BAigtul  Venepas,  do  la  Conipania  ric  Jesus ;  y  d« 
otras  Nuticiaa,  y  Bolaoioaos  antiguaa,  y  niodoniaa.  Annditlu  do  a1gnDi>H  uiapM 
porticnlaros,  y  uno  general  de  la  America  Spptentrional,  Asia  Oriental,  y 
Mar  del  Bhr  intormedto.  fDrmados  sohro  laa  Memorina  m:ui  rociontcs,  y  oxactoH, 
qae  ae  pabllcan  jimtamente.  Dodicada  al  Ucy  N.**>  Soflor  por  la  Proviucia 
de  Nacva-Espafift,  do  la  Compania  de  Jcsua.  Tomo  primuro  [ — Tuino  ter- 
eero]. — Con  licencia.  Kn  Madrid:  En  la  IinproDta  de  la  Vittda  de  Manuel 
Fernandez,  y  del  Supremo  CodmJo  do  la  loqniaicion.     AHo  do  M.D.CCLVJL 

rrniDii»t«d  ufnUowii— 1 

A  Natural  and  Civil  Uistory  of  California:  oontaiuiug  an  oocurato  doecrip- 
iionof  tbat  ooanlry,  it«  aoU,  mmmtainn,  harboure,  lakca,  rirens  and  aeoaS 
ita  Bniraala,  vegetablea,  minerals,  and  fanioua  fiHhcry  for  pcarla.  The  caa- 
loma  of  the  inhabitants,  their  religion,  government,  and  manner  of  living, 
before  their  converaion  to  tbe  Christian  religion  by  the  miwionary  Jcau- 
it«*  Togetlier  with  aooonnta  of  tho  several  voyagea  and  alteraptn  niailo  for 
settliDgf  California,  and  taking  actual  anrreya  of  that  country,  its  gnlf,  and 
coast  of  the  South-Sea.  Illustrated  with  copperplatef),  and  an  accornte 
map  of  lht>  country  and  ndjac«nt  aeaa.  TranBlutod  from  Iho  original  Span* 
ish  of  Miguel  Veuegas,  a  Mexican  Jesuit,  publiuhed  at  Madrid  17r>^.— lu 
two  votnmea. — Vol.  I[ — II].  ;^  London  :  printed  for  James  Bivington  and 
Jamea  Fletcher,  at  tho  Oxford  Theatre,  in  Foter-Noster-Eow.  ITSl*.  [d^, 
vol.  i,  10  I-i  455  pp.,  1  pi. ;  vol,  ii.] 

ITIiaoaly  rorvrtncca  to  flsbi*-s  are  aBfutlowB  {T.l,pp.47-i9):— "  Bat  if  the  aoU  of  Call- 
fornla  be  lu  grDi-ral  ttArrca,  ihe  Ksmity  of  proviiioni  U  Rnpplied  hy  tbe  tdja^^iit  ■«•  i  for 
both  lo  tli«  PoclOck  oe«u)  and  tbe  Galf  of  Colirorala,  the  njuliltudo  and  rarlpty  of  flatiea 
am  Incmllbla.  Father  Autaniu  iIq  la  Aficrnctnn,  aprakliij;  at  the  liay  of  San  Lucaa 
|Low«r  California),  fsya,  '  With  tbe  octs  which  evf-ry  afaip  oatrlnd.  they  caagbt  a  great 
qoanllty  of  AnU  uf  dlfTrrt'Ot  kloila,  and  alt  irholoaome  and  palatable:  particularly  holy* 
boM.  Mliuun,  tartM'ia,  4kate»,  plli'harda,  largo  oyitari,  tbnmbacki,  mAckorel,  barliolA, 
honfltm,  90Mlm,  tulMlorK,  and  pearl  uyaters-'  Axul,  spt^aklofi  of  tbe  liny  of  Sao  PraaeiMCO, 
■B  tba  w««t«ra  OQaat.  be  adda :  '  Here  arc  «Di'h  muUltiidea  of  flsli,  that  vltli  a  net,  whirb 
Am  oamnodare  bad  oo  iKNkrd,  toon  waa  caught  eviTy  day  than  tbu  ship'ii  miupany  cuuM 
make  dm  of:  aad  of  theae  a  (treat  variety,  aa  craba.  ojstera,  breams,  maokerel.  cod,  bar- 
bala,  tbombaeka,  &c.'  ADd  Id  otbor  parta  bo  niakea  tui'tiUon  of  tbe  loQnite  number  at 
■anlVne*,  wblcb  are  Ivft  •«  the  aaod  at  tbe  ebb,  and  »o  «i.(jaialto  that  tboae  of  I^redD  In 
Spain,  thcu  faiutnift  for  Ibla  flab,  do  not  exceed  tbem.  Nor  arc  fi«b  !«««  pleotlfnl  nlnnx  tba 
i;iilf  {nf  CallfornlA],  wbM*n  tn  thn  abore  tnentimitHl  specicji  Father  Pirtilo  iuIOb,  tQDDiea. 
«nebirvl(4.  and  othfni.  Kveo  Id  tbe  hvulela  of  thii  peDloHula  are  fouDd  barbels  and  cray- 
flab  I  b«\t  tb«  mett  diatli)galabe«l  Oab  of  both  aeaa  are  tbe  -whaJea;  vfaioh  iDdnced  Ibo 
■Bcl«iit  eoataocrapbon  lu  call  CHllfornla,  Pnnta  de  Baleoaa,  or  Cape  W^alc  t  aod  ihea«  flah 
iMing  fiMuid  In  mnllltadea  oloDg  both  ooaata,  give  name  to  a  cbannol  in  tbe  golf,  and  a 
lagr  ta  Ifae  Sontb  au"  (r.  1.  pp.  47-4^).] 

7 


8 


177S— Voyage  en  Catifnniie  pour  robscrvation  da  pusnge  do  Vienna  anr  1p  disqnc 

aoleil,  le  J  Jaio  1769;  conteDant  les  obaenrationu  <]»  go  pli»iioiui''ne  et  la  dis- 
oript.ou  biatx»nqne  do  la  route  do  I'aateur  &  traTenn  le  Mcxiqiie.  Par  fen  M. 
Chappe  d'Auteroohe.  .  .  .  K6(lig6*et  publx^  par  M.  dcCassini  t\U  .  .  . 
k  Parin:  chez  ChnrleB-Autoine  Jombert.  MDCCLXXIl.  [4^,  halMttle, 
title,  170  Vi]  pp.p  pUn,  and  2  pi.— Sabio.] 

[TrttimlatftJ  at.  lollOMft;-] 

A  Viiyogf  to  Cttlilornia,  to  «ili»Mirvo  tbo  Transit  of  Venus.  By  Moii»*.  Cbappe 
d'Auteroche.  With  au  bistorical  de«cription  of  the  nutbor's  route 
through  Mexico,  and  the  natural  history  uf  ib&t  proviuue.  Also,  a  voyage 
to  Newfoundland,  anil  BalliHi,  tu  make  L^xperinientA  on  Mr.  Im  Roy's  time 
keepers.  By  Monsieur  deCaesiui.  Loodou:  printed  for  Edward  and  Charles 
DiUy,  lu  The  Poulto'.  MDCCLXXVIU.  [8^,4  p.  1.,  3I&  pp,,  with  "plan 
of  City  of  Merico".] 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Mexico  addreasod  to  the  Royal  Acadccny  of  Sci- 
ences at  Paris,  by  Don  Joseph  Anthony  do  Alzate  y  Ramyres,  now 
a  corrcspoudent  uf  llir  said  ucadeiny,  coutainiii^  some  curiiuiH  purlieu- 
lam  relativu  to  the  uuturul  history  of  the  oouuLiy  adjacunt  to  the  City 
of  Mexico,    pp.  77-105. 

[It  la  uoduubtodly  lliii  vatk  Lbst  U  meABt  lo  tbo  slst«aielit  thai  basso  lorgvly  gon^  Lho 
raiuids  uf  tbe  periodical  pr«sa,  to  ibo  effuc  t  tbat  tJie  CaUfomloD  vtvi|Hirvus  n»bes  vrvro  ah- 
serred  ilnrloK  tho  voyottu  fur  the  obsurvfttiua  of  tbo  traoslC  or  VonD«  to  Lower  Csllfurxils, 
1709.  A  pfinisa]  of  itip  accoonls  glvcu,  bowvvur,  rvnilDra  It  evMoDl  that  ibc  llsbt^  lu  qurs- 
tioo  wore  BOt  KrubiutAKiilB  bat  rather  Cy|iriiio«ioDtliU,  pniUably  uf  tbe  jfoouB  JtlUUenena, 
Th«  scoonat  by  l>ou  Alzste  <pp  89-91)  l»  as  follow* : — 

"  I  ftrntl  yoa  nomv  vivlj«ruQB  ticaly  Qsbaa,  of  wbiirb  1  had  formn-ly  i^vra  yun  ui  accnaut. 
Whal  1  bavuubwirved  Id  tbulu  tbisyt-ar  la—'  ir  yoa  prana  ibo  Iwlly  witb  juur  Quurrs,  >on 
force  out  tbu  fry  beforu  thotr  iluie,  and  apon  lotpectiog  tbcm  ibroaeh  tb«  iDlcro«co|)«  jroa 
may  dlacvrn  tbo  circalntUtu  of  tbe  blood,  suob  twit  is  to  br  when  tbn  flub  in  xrown  np.'  If 
yoa  throw  tbeae  littln  BsbM  Into  water,  Iboy  will  ■vrlni  as  wrll  aa  If  tbny  bad  hn<tu  long 
Hoastomod  to  live  in  tbac  tleseot-  Tbo  flos  and  tail  of  tbe  male*  are  lart!«<r  and  bloakor 
thaa  those  of  tbe  fomales,  so  that  the  •«•!  in  es»lly  distlDgoisbed  at,  first  si^bt.  TIimm  ll»h 
have  a  alnffalar  maonor  of  swimaioK ;  the  niale  and  tbe  fwnale  hvIid  logethN'  ou  tw<t  par- 
allol  UocM.  Uie  feaialo  always  uppermost  aud  tbu  lualo  uudurmoat:  they  thiu  alwa.rs  k«<<-p 
at  a  (MKistaat  aalfom  diataoce  from  e«cb  oibor.  and  preaerre  a  perfect  psralklistu.  Tbe 
female  never  makes  the  least  rootlon,  either  sideways  or  towsrde  tbe  bottom,  but  directly 
tbe  male  does  tlie  same." 

To  tbiaaocnunl  liiiiddf!dafnat>notii  (p.  SO)  tjantalnlng  the  follawlui;  addldoaal  loftmDR- 
tion: — 

"  l>on  Aliai*  baa  aaot  iboa*-  flibea  preserved  in  spliila ;  tbeir  sVIn  U  covered  wttb  very 
■msll  siudcA :  Ibty  vary  In  leot^tb  fnim  an  inch  to  eighteen  liuea,  aod  ibry  are  sfldom  abuvo 
flTB,  six  or  acvou  llaes  iu  tbr  tro.id<<st  pari.  They  bsTo  a  fin  oo  racb  tilde  uoar  ibi*  |;iUM. 
two  small  onet  nnder  th(«  bolty.  a  ttinplc  ono  behind  the  aoas,  which  lie*  between  ibe  fla 
aud  tbti  single  one ,  tbo  tall  is  duL  forknl .  lastly,  this  dnh  Ims  a  long  flu  on  tbe  back.  * 
littlu  above  Lbe  lUi,  wbich  !■  undur  the  bolly. 

"We  know  of  aomo  viviparous  Oshrs  to  oar  sesa.  each  as  loach,  &r.  most  of  tbsae  bava 
aamooth  itklnwliboat  anyacalv-s.  The  needle  of  &.rlstoi|p>  in  vlvlparuaa,  and  ynteovered 
with  bmod  and  hard  acalee,  I  have  cautfbt  some  that  bad  yuuut;  otirs  sUll  iu  tb>>lr  womb. 
As  to  tbiM*  viTiponras  fishes,  it  la  a  particular  and  new  sort,  aud  we  are  obtlcad  tw  I>oa 
Alcate  for  maklnf  os  acqaaintod  wiifa  li.  It  breeds  Id  a  lake  uf  frush  watrr  iwtar  tiiii  City 
of  ftfccioo." 

This  Is,  io  fiir  a«  known,  tbo  earllrat  twitice  of  the  vlvliiarity  of  Cynrlnndontlda  Tit* 
mode  <if  ouDst).-UDi:  together  (exag^rated  In  ti)o  aocoani)  Is  commoe  to  a  U'liubrr  ut  rvp- 
rea«QtatlvM  of  the  £UQlly,  and  la  allndol  To  by  Prof.  AensalB  la  a  name  \X}ffont<tM.  i  *. 
awlnmlng  In  pslm)  conftfrrrd  ou  one  nf  (bogepera  of  tbe  ftuDUy.| 

I  HON— Piscinm   Camt»chaticorum   [Tcrjwk]  et  IWachnjn].     r»e«rrlpMnnea  et  Ivonca 
auctoro  [W.  O.]  TUeoio.    D.  'i6  Ootobri  IHO^,     Conventui  cxhib.  diti  2  No». 
1808.     <Mrfro.  Aoail.  S<i.  P<5lersb.,  \.-2,  pp.  335-^5,  If<10,  vix:— 
1.  HexaRraramos  Stellori,   K(>sai«  Tcrpnc  diotos  novum  genos  piiwiam 
Camtacbatlcorum.     pp.  3a&-340,  (aU  15. 


9 

n.  DimensloDM  piscls,  beato  Btellero  Hexagraniinos  aaper  dicti,  Rossiii 
Teerpnk  [Terpuk}  i.  e.  lima  (captas  d.  20  MaiJ  1741  in  porta  Divi  Putri 
et  Panli  pondobat  ponders  medicinali  daae  asqne  ad  sex  ancias),  pp. 
340-341. 

III.  Hexagratnmos  Btelleri,  qoffinam  genera  sit  interponendas  cuinam 
clasai  ordiniqae  systematieo  sit  inBerendns.  Labrax  Pallassii  (vid.  ej. 
Monograph.),    pp-  342-343. 

IV.  Deecriptio  Stelleri  anno  1741  concepts,    pp.  343-347. 
y.  ObservationGs  anatomicie.   pp.  347-349. 

VI.  Wachoja  Camtscbatica  est  Gadua  dorso  tripterygio,  Callariia  spe- 
ciatim  Lnseo  affinis.    pp.  350-353,  tob.  10,  17. 

VII.  Wachnise  CarotsofaaticaD  altera  species,  (Qadns  gracilis  mihi,)  qusn  ab 
iodigenisCamtsobaticis  acquetT^achal,  Rossis  Wachoja  [Jracftn;a]dicitnr, 
dimensioDibns  iUnstrata.    pp.  354-356,  tab.  18. 

YIII.  Stelleri  Desoriptio  piscis  ovo^  sive  asini  antiqnornni.  Tnmeri  ad 
Geanemm  awUi  3  sivi  ^glefini  Rondelet  et  Oesneri.  ^gleflui  Bellouii, 
Anglomm  Hadok,  Rasais  Wachnja  [  Wachnja"}  dioti  corrupta  voce  Itael- 
manntca,  in  qua  ttakal  andit.    pp.  :)56-359. 

IX.  Obaenrationes  anatomice.    pp.  360-363. 

X.  Obaenrationes  ex  aliornm  indtTldaoram  ^asdem  speoiei  dissect! on ibus, 
pp.  363-364. 

XI.  Ad  bistoriam  Gadi  dorso  tripterygio  ore  cirrato  oando  aaqoali  fere  cuai 
radio  primo  spinoso  (Kabeljaa  vel  Cabiljan  Belgarnm)  (Gadas  naorrbna 
L.  Bloob.  tab.  64),  adbuc  annotata  seqnentia.     pp.  364-370. 

XII.  Annotationee  anatomicffi.    pp.  370-371. 

XIII.  Tabnlaroni  explicatio.    pp.  372-375. 

19## — LabraoeSf  novum  genns  pisciam,  oceani  orientalis,  aaotore  P.   S.  Pallas. 
ConveDtni  exbib.  die  5  Jnlii  1809.    <M6m.  Acad.  8ci.  St.  P($tttrHb.,r.  2, 
pp.  382-398,  1810. 
[K.  ap.  If.  dseagrammua,  L.  aupereiUonu,  L.  monopterygiut.] 

Description  de  qnelqnes  poissons  obser^'^s  pendant  son  voyage  antoiir  du 
monde.  Par  W.  G.  TSIaslaa.  <  M6m.  Soc.  Imp.  dea  KntnraliateM  du  Morcou. 
t.  3,  pp.  212-249,  with  5  pi.,  1809. 

1811 — loonam et  Descriptionam  piscium  Camtachaticorum  contintiatio  tertiii  lenta* 
men  monograpbisB  geneha  Agoni  Blocbiani  sistens.  Auctore  [W.  G.]  Tile- 
■io.  Com  tabalia  vi  ffineis. — Conventui  exhibita  diu  11  DucembriH  Ir^ll. 
<  H^m.  Acad.  Sci.  P^tersb.,  v.  4,  pp.  406-478, 1812,  viz  :— 

De  novis  pisciam  generibas,  Agono  Blochii  et  Phalangiate  eel.  Pullaeii, 
propter  synonymiam  conjagendis.     pp.  406-454. 

Appendix  de  Cyprino  rostratoet  cuUrato,Trachino  trichoilouto  ct  Epenc- 

phelo  ciliato.    pp.  454-457. 
Desoriptio  Cyprini  roatrati  Taogusia  ad  Covymam  fluv.  Tschukntscham  et 

Jacagiris  Onatscba  dicti.    pp.  457-474,  tab.  xv,  fig.  1-5. 
Epinephelns  ciliatas  Camtachaticus  et  Americanua.    pp.  474-478,  lab.  xvi, 

fig.  1-6. 

Zoographia  Rosso* Asiatica,  sistens  Omninm  Animaliam  in  extenao  iraperio 
Boarioo  et  o^jaceutibas  maribna  obaervatornro  Rccensionem,  Domicilio, 
Morea  et  Deacriptionea,  anatomen   atqne    Icones  plnrimorum.     Auctore 


Petro  Pallas,  E(|.Anr.Aciwlemico-Petropolitano. — Voliimenii-ftiiim.— Potro- 
[toli  in  Offlcitia  CacM.  Aoademtie  Scientiaram  Impress.  M.DCC.CXl.  EiliC. 
MDCCCXXXl.    [4^  Til,  4St^  oxxv  pp..  6  pi.] 

[Ai  iudicalotl  nil  tlie  UtIvpBsc  tba  "  Zcio{{raphla  Roato-^lntlca"  wiu  uot  ivfiol 
pubiithed  ull  ln^l,  but  wiu  prititAd  in  IBll,  uul  wu  only  (l«*uiti««l  bj  tb«  lo<i«of  thai 
perplittM.    Ttio  Irttprprcss  wm.  bowt-Tor,  Ui  *  Bllgbt  extent,  dlitribnbil  btifurn  th«  \ 
ular  (jubliciitiuD  of  tbo  ti<luloo,  aod  a  cujiy  nmii  pOB«eMM?(l  by  Curlor,  wbo  hw  glrvn  a 
■ammary  of  tbu  tlilril  voluinv  Id  tbc  UletAirc  Natarelle  dot  PoImoda  It.  1,  pp.  90l>-301}. 

])MorllMi  ^leeiM  of  which  itpc>rlisen  b»d  be«o  obUtnod  from  the  Roosbui  poMrwlocu 
l&  KarthwMMni  America.  Tbu  /oUoviog  ars  pabUahad  aa  if  imv,  altbooKb  MToral  hati_ 
ynrlofuHj  boeo  described  :— 

PhabngtaUM  aeipfn^rrinnf  f p   1 10,  pi  17). 
CoUu9 poltfoeantJtee^luilttM  (p.  1X1,  pi.  VS). 
OKtiM  ptat^eiphaivt  (p.  135,  pi.  34). 
(\ifhu  (/■a4rAuna  fp.  lUt*.  pt.  SS). 
Ci»Uiu  pitiiUiyrr  (p.  U3.  pL  'JO.  f.  3«  «). 
fiimnMu  do^acAo^Mffr  (p.  17^.  pL  43,  f.  3>. 
'    AZmniw  onpt^Oaric  (p.  176.  pi.  49;  £  3). 
AuliM  «w*M  (p.  189,  pL  44), 
Oadwi pygmaut  [p.  IVO). 
OoihujImftriA  (p.  300). 
^mmodylet  AexajMtnu  (p.  Mfl). 
.^MMorfyttM  ii«pfipiiiru«  (p.  33?,  pL  48. 1 3^. 
IVacMnw  tricAvdon  (p.  SE33.  pi.  .10. 1 1). 
I^mMmu  riirAMur  (p.  937,  pL  9),  f.  U). 
Ptrea  zonahHiM  (p.  941). 
Lobriu  6teanramtnim  (p.  OTB,  pL  8^  f.  S). 
X(U>riiz  raf>#rci^w'#iu  (p.  ]17l>,  pi.  A3,  f.  1). 
LaitTUX  momvptrrj/ffiuM  (p.  9B1,  pi.  63,  f.  4). 
i/a&raz  octOjrnimffiM  (p.  %il,  pi  64, 1 1). 
Salmo  tagoeeplutiu4  <p.  373,  pL  77, 1 3). 
JWmaprateM  (pi  37fi,  pi.  7S.  f  8,  pi.  70^ 
IUeurvnteU$  ^uadritubtreuUitut  (p.  433). 
/'b-uroHMtt*  ricafrioenu  (p.  4M). 
Tba  pUte*  mforr«d  to  won  nevvr  pabtlihad. 

Tbo  uQly  other  npecies  alicaallzed  u  ioiubitants  of  tba  A  varioan  irat«n  sra  tbo  fat* 
loirlo|{  ;— 

Raja  bati*  <p.  57). 

jtobiui  Moeiuti*  <p.  369.  pL  8t  f  3). 

PlrarMuttMrbUaHu  <p.  4ia). 
i>iniroiiaefM  A^fipsfftoMUf  (p.  491}.] 

ISl'l— Hintory  |  of  |  tbo  upetJitioD  |  under  the  roiDDnand  of  |  Cnptains  Lovia  and 
Clark,  t  tn  |  tbo  aoorces  of  tb*3  Muisoiiri,  |  thoaoo  |  across  the  Rooky  Monnt- 
aina  I  and  down  tli«  1  River  Columbia  to  the  Pocinfl  Oeoau.  |  Performed 
dartnf;  tbo  y«ars  1804-5-6.  |  By  order  of  the  |  novernrnmu  of  tbn  ITuitttd 
Btatca.  I  Prepared  for  tho  press  |  by  Paul  Allen,  Eftqniro.  |  In  two  volnnios. 
I  Vol.1  [—II].  I  Philadelphia :  I  Pobliabedby  Uradfnrdaod  lukekeop;  and  | 
Abm.  H.  lu(»kucp,Nowyork.  |  J.  Maxwell,  Printer.  |  1814.  [S^^rVoLirUxYiil, 
470  pp.. maps;  vol.  ii,  iz,&32  pp..  iniiiA.] 

[Vol.  tl,  ahap.  tU,  pantalaa  "A  (;«nf'ral  dewiiptlon  of  tba  b«a«t«,  bJrtln,  aod  planu, 
&t3.,  founil  by  Ibr  party  In  Lhl^  nspn'lltlrm"  (pp.  l1;^i!Dl).  Inrldrotal  allunionpi  nnd  rinut- 
da«or1ption*  of  a  popular  kind  aro  f  Ivto  of  m>m«  llibe*,  but  iiotblus  of  ao  ex«ct  nature  It 
madeknowu. 

"  An  acouuDt  of  tbe  varioaa  pnbUoatioM  relatlax  to  tlia  trarala  of  Levi*  and  OUrkt^ 
with  a  coimnnitary  on  tbe  toolojtical  nealla  of  thcdr  npcdltlnn".  ban  bnui  pobllfihed  by 
Dr.  EIHolt  IJooM.  U.  R  A.  (Bull.  U.'  S.  ihfal  ami  <JfH>e,  Hurr.  I'err..  r  I.  pp  417-4^4.  Fob. 
b.  H)7G|.] 

1890— KHntiuii  d'nn  voyage  &  In  cAtn  dii  itmdniit'At  do  I'Ani^ri>|no  fti'piviitruMiolo 
duua  \v»  ani)<(w  tSl(^18U.  Par  Oabrlal  Francb^re.  [U^digd  par  Miohal 
liibaad.]    Hunlr6&l,  IHSO.    [8»,  8»4  pp.— 8abin.] 


n 

(l^KOiktM  u  Follow* !  -  ] 
KArrAtivo  nf  a  vt>yAgr  to  tlie  nortliwe«t  coast  of  America  in  tho  years  1^11^ 
IHia,  1^13,  au<l    IHU,  I  or  the  6r8t  American  BCttlement  on  the  Pacific  |  By 
0«bz1el  Pranobeire  |  TrRosUtod  and  edited  by  J.  V.  Uoutington  |  —  |  Ked- 
ficld  I  1 10  uud  1  li2  Naaua  street.  New  York  |  ld&4.    [12^',  37ti  pp.,  3  pi.] 

[Tbo  MlmoQ  la  Doikted  In  cli»pt«r  IB.) 

-VorBfce  pittoreiiqno  autour  du  mnode,  aveo  dcd  portrnitB  detiavagMd'AB6- 
rt4)ae,  d'Attie,  d'Afriquct  ot  des  IIm  du  grand  oc^an  ;  den  payesf^cM^  dea  ▼aw 
maritime,  ot  pluHbuni  objotn  d'hiMoirn  naturollc:  accompagn/t  de  deacrip- 
tioaa  par  M.  le  Baron  Cavicr,  et  M.  A.  dc  Chumiftso,  ct  d'oboervationa  Hnr  lea 
crAoeabninaina  par  i>\.  lo  DoctoorGan.  Tur  M.  Louia  Choria.  Pfinlrp. — 
Pft^i^dB^ilIlprimeriedeFirl^i^Didol,  .  .  .  1822.  [Fn!.,2p.  I.,  vi  pp.-j-[l], 
12  pi.,  17  pp.+[ii].  10  pl.,20  pp.+tiH].  14  pi.,  10.3  pp.+tiv],  IHpl..24pp.+ 
tv],  19  pi.,  23  pp.  +  Cvi].  ^  VU  2ct  pp.  +  C vii],  7  pi.,  11*  pp.] 

[Fartie  vj.j  Chapeau  ilu  liois,  sur  Icqiiel  wtut  peini«H  divera  onimanx  ina- 
rina.    Planohe  v.    Piir  O.  Cnvier.    pp.  lil-'i'i. 

iCnvter  coBilderfl  tbat  one  of  the  flgnrea  (Ai  r«prG«eiit«  «  IHcdon,  apd  lucb  •ocnu  to  b« 
tiM*  •.'OM:  but  iiu  Hp«ciM  of  tbat  xy\n>  hiu  tMWo  foond  ao  t*r  oorthward  aa  UnalBafaka, 
whan  tbe  bat  wu  abCalneil.  ("  Eo  A,  Mt  nn  Diodan  on  orbe  ^pincas,  qal  eat  pris  4  la 
UgM  taadla  qas  Ib8  granda c6tac4a  iht  raatA  da  co tableaa  aont  ponratdrla  aroo  d«a  laaoea" 
(P.OJ.] 

I  of  I  an  expedition  |  rroin  |  Pittabargh  to  tho  Rocky  Mountains,  | 
p«rfbrm«d  in  the  years  1S19  and  'SO,  |  by  ord«r  of  |  tbe  Hon.  J.  C  Cnlbonn, 
Boc'y  of  War:  ]  nudi-r  tho  command  of  |  Major  Stephen  H.  Long.  )  From 
the  notes  of  Major  Long.  Mr.  T.  Suy.und  other  ({en-  |  tU^ntcu  of  tbe  exploring 
party.  )  —  |  Compiled  |  liy  Edwin  Jamea,  {  botaniat  and  geologist  for  tbe 
oipcdition.  |  —  j  In  two  vols.— With  aa  atlaa.  |  Vol.11.  |  —  |  Pbiladolpbiaj  | 
H-CCarey  and  J.  Lea.Chennut  bI.  |  1823.  [2  v.,8o.  Vol.i,2  p.l.,5()3  pp.; 
ToLil.3p.l..443pp.] 


19 — Hintnire  Xatarelle  deaPoiitsona,  par  M.  le  B°<*  Covior,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valeu- 
ciemiAa,  ....     Tome  premier.     A  Paris,   obex    V.    G.   Levrault,  •  .  .  , 
law.    [ff>  ed.  xvi,  574  pp.,  11.;  4*^  ed.  liv,  422  pp.,  1 1.— pK  1-8  (doable).] 
Lirre  premier.— Tableau  Idatoriqae  des  progr^  de  richtbyologio,  depois 

mn  origina  jtisqu*i\  uuh  juani. 
Livre  deuxi^roe. — Id^e  g£D<Sra]o  de  la  natore  ot  de  rorganisation  dee  poi^ 
eons. 

[Pallaa'  "Zoograpbla  Boasft- Aalaftfo* '*  oottoed  at  pp.SOjy-301.] 

Bivtotfv  NatareUo  dea  PoiatMms,  par  M.  lu  B''"  Cuvier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Vaten- 
oittones,  ....     Tome  dcuxiome.     A   Paris,  cbes  F.  O.  Lcvrault,  .  .  . 
I83d.    (80  ed.  ixi.  (l  1.),  490  pp. ;  4^  ed.  ivii,  (1 1.),  :J71  pp.— pi.  *M0.] 
Llvre  troisi^me. — Dea  poisaooa  de  la  famille  des  Perches,  on  des  PercoT- 

dea.    [ParCoTior.] 
(Xc  wai-coHt  vpwloi  apeeifled.] 

•Histoire  NalnTollo  dea  Potssons,  par  M.  le  B"  CuTler,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
cieiKoea.  ....     Tome   troisiemo.     A    Paris,  chez   F.  O.  Lcvranlt,  .  .  .  |. 
iaS9.    l&^  ed,  xXTiii,  500  pp.,  I  1. ;  4°  ed.  ixii.  (1 1.),  3f>a  pp.— pK  41-71.] 
liivre  troiRivme. — Dee  poisaoDS  de  la  famille  dea  PerobetffOU  dea  PoroolLdaa.. 
[P»r  Cnvier.] 

(X.ap.  Daae.  TrMiaim  SUtUri,  bmoi  oa  ItaeMnua  (tfafcstoi  Pallaa.l 


12 

l—HUtoireNaturelledeaPoiBaoDs,  parM.  leB**"  Cuvler,  .  .  >  ;  et  par M.  Valen- 
oienneB,  ....  Tome  qaatri&me.  A  Paris,  cbez  F.  Q.  Levranlt,  .  .  .  ^ 
1B29.    [80ed  xxvi,(l  I.),518  pp.;  4°6d.  xx,(l  L),379pp.— pl.72-99,S>7  bis.^ 

Livro  qaatri^me. — Dee  AcantbopUSrygieDH  &  joae  cnirass^.    [Par  Cavier.] 

[N.  ap.  OoUUB  veatnlU,  Semil^ridotut  TOeHL] 

ZooIoKiaober  AtlaSf  entbaltend  Abbildangen  uad  Beacbreibungen  neaerTbier- 
arfcoi,  wUbrend  des  Flottcapitaina  voa  Kotzebae  zweiter  Reise  am  die 
Welt,  aaf  der  BnssiBcb-Kaiaerlicben  Kriegsscblnpp  Predpriatie  in  den 
Jahreu  1823-1826  beobacbtet  vod  Dr.  Friedr.  Bsctiacholtx,  Profesaor  and 
Director  dea  zoologischen  Hasenms  an  der  UniTersitat  za  Buipat,  MitgUed 
mehrerer  gelebrten  GresellaobaAeD,  Buss.  Eais.  Hofratbe  and  Bitter  des 
Ordens  des  beil.  Wladimir  Drittes  Heft. — Berlin,  1629.  Qedrackt  and 
verlegt  bei  G.  Reimer.   [FoL,  title,  18  pp.,  pi.  11-15.] 

[N.  Bp.  j^eptia*  MfUrloona  (p.  4,  pL  13),  od  wbioh  was  aabaeqnenUy  baaed  tbe  geona 
Ttmutiatia  of  Richardaon.] 

I — Histoire  Natnrelle  des  Poiaeoaa,  par  M.  le  B<^  Cnvler,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
ciennes, ....     Tome  cinqaiftme.     X  Paris,  ohez  F.  G.  Lerraolt,  .  .  .  , 
1830.    [8°  ed.  xxviii,  499  pp.,  2  I. ;  4©  ed.  xx,  374  pp.,  2  1.— pi.  100-140.] 
Livre  ciaqai^me. — Des  Sci^ooldes.    [Par  Cavier.] 
[tfo  weat-eoaat  speoiea  nottoed.] 

Histoire  Natnrelle  des  PoIsbods,  par  M.  le  B<™  Cavier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
ciennes, ....     Tome    sixibme.      X  Paris,  cbez    F.  G.  LeTraalt,  .  .  .  , 

1830.  [8°  ed.  xxlv,  559  pp.,  3  1. ;  4°  ed.  xviii,  (3  L),  470  pp.— pi.  141-169. 162 
bis,  162  ter,  162  qaater,  167  bis,  166  bis.] 

Livre   sixi&me. — (Partie  I. — Dee   Sparoides.    Partie  II.— Des  M^nides.) 

[Par  Cavier  et  Valenciennes.] 
[No  weat>ooaat  species  notioed.] 

— Histoire  Natarelle  des  Poiseons,  par  M.  le  B""  Cavier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  H.  Valen- 
ciennes, ....      Tome  septifeme.      A  Paris,  cbez  F.  G.  Levranlt,  .  .  .  , 

1831.  [8o  ed.  xxix,  531  pp.,  31.;  4°  ed.  xiii,  (3  1.),  399  pp.— pi.  170-208.] 
Livre  septifeme.— Des  SqaamipeDne.*-.    [Par  Cavier  f] 

Livre  baiti&me. — Des  poissons  k  pbaryngiens  labyrinthiformes.      [Par 

Covier  T] 
[No  vest40ftst  apeoies  notloed.] 

Histoire  Natarelle  des  Poissons,  par  M.  le  B^  Cavier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
ciennes, ....      Tome   hniti&me.     k  Paris,  cbi>z    F.  G.  Levraalt,  .  . '.  , 
1831.    [6°  ed.  xix,  (2  1.),  509  pp. ;  4"  ed.  xv,  (2  L),  375  pp.— pL  209-245.] 
Livre  nenvibme. — Dee  ScomMroides.    [Par  Cnvier  ot  Yalenoiennee.] 

[No  weetKXMMt  apeoies  notioed.] 

Zoograpbia  Boeso-Asiatica.    See  18U. 

I — Histoire  Natnrelle  dee  Poissons,  par  Bf.  le  Bf^  Cavier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  Bl  Valen- 
otennes,  ....      Tome  nenvi^me.    X  Pans,  cbez  F.  G.   Levraalt,  .  .  .  > 
1633.    [8°  ed.  xxix,  512  pp.,  1 1. ;  4°  ed.  xiiv,  (1 1.),  379  pp.— pi.  240-279.] 
Livre  neavi^me. — Des  Soomb6roldes.    [Par  Cavier  et  Valenciennes.] 
[No  msi'eoMt  speoias  notloed.1 


13 


Rfateir*  N»taren«  d«s  FoiuonM,  par  M.  1f«  n«>  Cnvler.  .  .  .  ;  ot  par  M'Valen- 

OtaWM* Toin«  dixi^me.     A    F'arin,  chez  F.  O.  Levraiill,  ■  .  >  , 

1835.    tt«  ea.  xxiv,  482  pp.,  1  1.;  4<^  cd.  lis.  (1 1.),  358  pp.— pi.  280-306.] 
Soite   dn    livro  Qeavidmo — Dcs  Scoin b^roldes.     [Far  Cuvier  «t  Volen- 

oienneaf^ 
Livredixibme. — De  U famillB  des Teathie«.  rParCnvieretyalenoieanenT] 
Ltvre  oDvi^me.— De  la  famille  des  Ta*uto!des.     [Par  Cavier  «t  Volen- 

elenneaf]         ' 
Llrre  dofuiiMDe.~-Des  Atberines.     [Par  Cnvieret  ValeaeiQimral] 
[Xo  WMi-eout  spBclea  noticed.] 

ISS4 — Fauoa  itoreali-Amerioana;  or  tbo  Zoology  of  the  Northern  Partii  of  Brilifib 
Amrnca:  oontuiaitig  dejuuriptious  uf  tbu  ulijiMJtH  uf  Natural  UtHlorj'  oullected 
(Ml  ib«  lale  nortbera  land  expwlitioDH  under  cotumand  nf  CapLiin  Sir  John 
FraakliD,  U.  N.  Part  tbird.  Tbo  Fiab.  By  Jolm  Richardsoa,  M.  D.,  F.  fi. 
8..  F.  L.  S.,  Member  of  tbu  Geographical  Society  of  London,  and  WcrDeriou 
Nataral  HiMtory  Society  of  Ediubur^^h  ;  Ilnnnniry  Member  of  the  ^atiiiiil 
lllntory  8»M-iely  of  Montreal,  and  Literary  and  PbiloKopbloal  Society  ofQno- 
tM»c;  Foreign  Menitwr  of  the  GtH>grapbical  Society  of  Paris;  and  Corre6iK)iid- 
li^iiieixib«'r  of  the  Ac:idcniy  of  Nataral  Sciences  of  Pbiladelpbiit ;  Hnrgeon 
ttlfl  Nalaralist  to  the  Expeditious. —  IllaF>trated  by  nuiaerouH  jiliiteft. — Pub- 
ttalied  aodor  tbii  anlbority  of  the  Right  Honourable  tbe  Si^on-tary  uf  State 
fer  Colonial  Affair*. — London :  Ricbord  Bentloy,  New  burlington  street. 
MDOCCXlCXyL    [4°.  pp.  xv,  2n  (+1)  pp..  24  pi.  (numbered  74-97).] 

pi.  t,  u4  a.  vp,  IVmnw ria  fa.  g^  30).  Ovprtntu  iLmtitau)  gneOU  (190).  8aUn»  SeovJt  t 
UKMU.  BUmo  ffuiNtuit  riVJi,  SaUno  (Mriiurl  (291),  Satmo  pauetdtnt  (SiS).  Smtmo  imp 
pa^k  (Wi,  aatmo  Vtmrhi  iar>.  307).  8aimo  iMaUutiur)  paeijltms  (MB),  Antptaiir  tmntiHOn- 
tmmm  flr7»).  AllrVMVfM  tridrntatua  CJfO)  i  [ADI>E.VbA;l  Oottut  Mfmr  (a9a,313),  Cvprinus 
UftrwaUl  taltatlM  (301),  Owrinui  ilAWiKUMi  taurir.rtt  <3<M),  Cyprinv4  iLntcUeuMt  orego 

ficport  oo  Nortb  American  Zoolofry.     By  Jobn  Hlohardaon.  M.  D..  F.  R.  8. 
<  Sep.  6lhiue«tiDg  Brit.  AiMoc.Adr.^i.,  Aug.  11^36,  =v.  5.  pp.  131-224,1837. 

riaeea.  pp.  e02-223. 

AaCorla,  or  anecdotes  uf  an  cntcrpriw  beyond  tbe  Kooky  Munntaius.    By 
'Waahtngton  Irving.    [Int  ed.]    In   two  vohimea.    Vol.  I  [  —  11}.    Phil- 
aflrlpbia:  Carey.  Lea  &.  Blaiiebard.     183€.    [2  Tula.,  8°'     Vol.  i,2e)5  pp  ; 
vol.  ii,279  pp.,  1  inup  folded.] 
(Tte  AaIim  ud  fUberlM.  e»p«cl«lly  ulnjon.  are  otiticsd  In  toI.  ^,  chapter*  9  ami  14.] 

Nfltarclle  de^  Poisaons.  par  M.  le  B*"  Cavler,  .  .  .  . ;  ©t  par  M.  Valec- 

.  .  -      Tomo   ouzi^iDO.     A  Paris,  cbez  F.  G.    l^vraull,  .  .  .  , 

Jba*.     [e^  fU.  IX.  r>00  pp..  I  1.;  4-^  cd.  XV,  (l  1.),  373  pp.— pi.  307-343.] 

LivR*  troiai'izuf . — Dvm  Hngiloidea. 

Uvra  qoatorKidioe.— De  la  famille  des  Gobioldea* 

Pla  wmti'tammi  ■pvelt'a  otttieed.J 

Katondledafi  ruiH!«on%  par  M.  l<i  B'">  Cuvler.  .  .  .;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
.  ,     T*>me  d'in7.ii>(ue.     A  Puris,  cboz  F.  0.  Levmalt,  .  .  .  ,  IP37. 
(<!^  fd.  xxir.  50?  -f  I  pp. :  4^  ed.  xx.  377  pp.,  I  I.— pi.  344-369.] 
0«jl«  da  Livre  (|ii«l»r&i6mc.— Oobinides. 
lAm  qnloxiituitt.— Z>e«  Acaulboptdry^loiie  &  pectorales  pedicnl<5e«. 

tteCnln*  TCatnm^la  do  !^)lwll>HS,  par  M.  le  B^o  Cuvier.  .  .  . ;  ot  par  M.  Valeo- 
ot«lli««.  .  .  .    Trtimt  trciiHi.Naio.     A  Paris,  chez  Pltoi*  Lcvranlt  el  O,  .  .  .  , 
ItSS.    I»"  wl.  xii.  r»o:.  pp.,  II.:  40  ed.  xTil.  370  pp.— pi.  3(»-.«8.] 
Lirni  srizi^iue^Labrotdcji. 
(Xa  vttM-euut  mptcim  BvClo«d.] 


1839-Wiaioiro  NatareUe  doa  PoiasoDfl,  par  M.  le  B^  Caviar,  .  .  .;  ot  par  Bl.  Valao- 
oleones, .  .  .   Tomoquatorzioma.    \.  Paris,  cliuz  FitoU-LurrauUetC*. . 
IKii).    [»^  ed.  xxii.  4«4  p[i..a  I.;  4'^  i»d.  xjt,  344  pp.,3  1.— pi.  339-430.] 
Suite  du  Uvr«  aoizifemo. — Lahroidea. 
Ltvre  dix-flepti^me. — Doa  Malacopt^Srjgiens.    I>oa  Siloroldes. 

(Kft  wnt-ooHt  HpwlM  Dolkwd.) 

Tbe  Zoology  of  Captain  Beecbey's  Voyage;  compiled  ft>oui  tbu  ooUcctloofl  and 
itotM  iiioile  by  Captaia  B«6cheyt  the  offloer«  ood  nalurulist  of  tb»  Expu- 
ditioUj  duriu^  a  Voyage  to  ibo  Paciilo  aod  Bobriug'i)  straito  perfurnied  io 
bia  Mt^eaty'tt  Sbip  BIoMom,  uudor  tbo  ciimmaud  of  Captaiu  F.  W.  Boecbey, 
R.  K.,  F.  R.  S.,  &.C,,  &c.  in  tbe  yoara  IS^Tj,  26,  S7,  and  2H.  By  J.  RichardaoD, 
M.  D..  F,  R.  8..  Ac. ;  N.  A.  Vfgore,  Esq.,  A.  M..  F.  R  8.,  &c, ;  O.  T.  Lay.  Eaq. ; 
E.T.  Bonnett.  Etn\.,  F.  L.  8.,  &c.;  ihu  Kev.  W.  Bucklaud,  D.  D.,  F.  R.  8., 
K,  L.  8.,  F.  0.  S.,  &o.  and  O.  B,  Sowerby,  Esq. — niiwtrattHl  witb  iri>warcl»  of 
fifty  finely  ooloixred  plateH,  by  Sowerby. — Piibliithad  under  the  authority  of 
tbe  Lonlii  Coiumia»ioner8  of  the  Admiralty.  —  Loadoa :  Heory  O-  UoUd,  4, 
York  Street,  Covcnt  Oardou.— MDCCCXXXIX. 

FisbtM ;  by  O.  T.  Lay.  Km\.,  and  B.  T.  Bennett,  E«q.,  F.  L.  S.»  &o.  pp. 
4l-75.pl.  l&-a3. 

[N.ip.  CAtnMrraMNM  (ix71.pLli3). 

Tbi*  volamo  t»  liit«re«t[aK  «*  being  tbo  first  pablloatloa  In  whlcli  may  attempt  bM  btten 
msilu  IM  aoiBuUfloally  lodicale  tb»  fluliemif  tlienoasL  The  "  uOBimtifti"  of  tha  exyetlitluii 
WM.  ItowcTor,  luoomiMtoDt  for  tbo  IuaIc,  uid  tbe  Dutes  ttkkcn  ovlnoo  tbftt  he  wm  aot 
mfllcieiitly  mraeil  In  tbe  rudltupou  of  lobtbyology  io  know  wbat  te  obaerve.  Xorortbe- 
loMi,  tbe  eolce  hare  %a  iDt»re«t,  if  not  of  ImportJinoe,  utnaKh  to  iranaeribe  what  reletaa 
Io  tbe  regloei  la  queaUuu  .— 

"OffSalat  Lawniaoo  Inlaod  wm  caogfaUln  tbe  dredfe  a  Bab  apparpoUy  allied  Io  tbe 
KonuN  Liparis,  Art.  It  had  tbo  'Teutral  flui  placed  before  tba  pec'torBli.  bat  united  and 
cootiDiions  witb  tbuuii  a  Ilat.  ral*<Ml,  and  rooglj  tnborolo,  of  nearly  tlie  dlMiieler  of  an 
RD;:)l4h  Mlxpeneo,  waa  Kr4t(>il  fnrwanl  b(>tw(wn  tbn  pcolora]!i,  fu  antr-Hor  part  raacbiag  aa 
far  an  tbe  reutrain;  tbiu  mar  beof  uao  in  eopalatiun  :  its  ccsea  wvt«  pretty  neiBerpiia.'—C. 
Tbu  roa^bueaM  of  tbla  tiibvrcle  rcudurs  It  dlfllcolt  u>  refor  tbo  ll*b  lo  uu^'  koowv  apeofMi 
bat  it  ia  probably  oetirly  rulatod  to  the  Offeioptanu  gttattnonut.  PalL.a  LipttrU  wblcU  k 
known  to  iubabtt  tbe  «oa«  iu  wbiub  ihla  wai  obutaad.  Tbe  exlatatioe  of  eowa  retnovea  It 
fratn  Ijepadogatltr.  Ooaao. 

"Kutxrbntt  Soaod  afforded  n  apeelmaa  of  a  new  apeelnaof  O^uftitat,  L.,  UteOpK.  *tiffma, 
*'  On  tiM  oonat  of  California,  a  little  to  Iho  nnrchworda  of  the  b«rbouF  of  Sao  Krautflaco, 
an  OrtSagorUeus  woa  met  with,  apparently  the  Ortk.  mala.,  111.     They  ewatn  about  tbe 
•hip  witb  tbe  doraal  fin  freqaontly  vli*rat«<1  aboro  the  aurfaee."    (p.  50.> 

"On  tbe  Dimjit  of  California,  al  Moutoray.  3dr.  Cotlln'a  nntea  tncniUin  tbKOMUirreiiee  of 
[1]  aaperieaol  Spitnu.  fit  two  iSeombni,  and  of  a  CUtpta.  \i\  Tbv  llrBlof  Ibo  aeotiUirida  ia 
apparently  a  &vMb«r,  Cnv.t  it  woa  '■mailer  tbau  tbe  mark^nl;  it  wa«  marko«l  nn  ike 
back  wftb  croad  waved  narrow  bands  of  blaeL:  and  KrccnlHb  XtXtu*.  Ha  (ti-nt  ilomal  An  hnd 
nine  Mpinea,  and  lhi<ri»  wem  four  siuall  plonolM  beblad  l.bo  mocuud  dorojU  und  thr  siiml :  U 
bad  aaimple  air-bladder  of  raodorawi  alKO,  and  «d  ItuuiunftM  DUiblRTuf  ciMiI.  Willi  a  aU'tnacb 
flxtRntliug  tlie  wbolu  len^tb  nf  tbu  abdnman.  narrow,  tapffrring  to  the  pa«t4<Hnr  pnrt,  and 
covcrtMl  lbmut;boal  nearly  tta  wbole  leuRtb  with  tbo  milL  f  Its  luU^rnal  inciubnuio  lorma 
lootfUailloal  folda;  the  luteatlona  ba\-e  thref  ponTolutloo*.'— C.  TliU  tlati  nccurn>d  In 
ahoala.  [Jj  Tbo  acMwod  iip(M;ie«  naa  mtrt  wftb  bat  oncn.  II  li  a  Oaranr,  Car.,  of  wbtob 
'  tbe  t«etk  Id  tbo  upper  tnatlllary  ace  ecaronly  t<>  Iw  fult :  tbe  p««c(i)nilii  ruarlt  aiwiriy  t»  Of** 
|HMltn  the  aniu :  a  double  narrow  ktri|»n  of  denprr  blot^  than  tbe  ffouvral  Rurfurr  mu«  back- 
wardaon  f>acb  i*lilt<  ■>f  tUe  AikI  di>nuil  llu  to  opinmite  Ita  tunuUialtoti,  ibn  t '  i  iitg 

aeparated  by  a  broad  lUio  uf  dirty  wblt«i,  wbirh  haa  a  narrow,  dNik-4?<>tout<  ,i« 

middle:  there  are  ao  diaUnet  divlBinnvta  tba  anal  and  aaeond  darm!  -. —  ler 

laiiho|>U',andaiDaU,aDdeal4«udj»  fnim  the^uidte  tetbaailM:  tbeahi  ,  \-i 

tbau  In  tba  pnteadtns  apnolo* ,  thn  rtaeo.  alth>Hii|h  nnaariHie,  are  \t»*  •  ■  be 

inlMlluo  Is  fuliliHl  iu  lliii  aauiR  niannur.' — C.     FitMu  tbnfiatui><  uf  tbiM'ttlininiiy  of  tlil«n«b, 
■a  daaoribail  by  Ur.  CoUtc^  ibere  oaa  ba  llttla  doubt  of  lU  ooaalUutlug  a  dlatmoi  apaolaa. 


I 


I 


15 

ffl  Alnut  with  the  Anl  ipMilM  of  ^ombfr,  tbnm  oceorrMi  Id  shoitla  k  ■mall  ipMlM  of 
L,  'irHUiout  bmtb;  w-iili  tbi*  iloraiJ  fin  uUttlA  berort<  ihe  ventral;  ftOtlwllh  tU«  back 
4Mk  ffTMHUb  bloc,  MiJ  bovloit  one  Mae  ftnd  part  of  acotbvr  of  roiintltHl  black  tpoU  no 
Mch  «|(J«  nr«rl]r  on  a  l»Tal  with  Iberyr:  tbn  Rill  mnniliranfi*  rontuin  aU  ray*,  anO  oTf<rUp 
I  other  at  tbMr  lowpr  pu- 1 :  the  atnioaob  re««mbl(«  chut  uf  tlio  QriiiNeufnikr ,  ttbasivlso 
— ■ftwxwaa;  the  ■Ir-hLad.iur  U  nraall  and  tapc^rlng.' — C.  Tb"  otbc-r  Iialir><  uLia^rvnl  ak 
Maatstmy  wero  pj  4  iicw  «p«-tcauf  CAfnuvrti,  Cor.,  difforlng  eiaiint laity  from  ibft  CA(m(»r< 
■f  ttm  AUanUo,  anil  approacblng  •omewbat  ia  tbo  puiltlon  t>l'  lu  woonil  tlor»aI  fln  to  th« 
€Wi*rAyntfAuitCav.,  [AJ  a  apode*  of  7bry«rfo^  Dam.t  and  (T]  a  £ata  "  (pp.M-d5|.) 


-KaiTslive  of  «  Journoy  aofou  the  Eocl^  Moantaina,  to  th«  Columbia  Bivcr. 
Aod  A  Vidit  to  the  SaDdwloU  I»laod8,  Chili,  &.c.  AVitb  a  Soieutiflo  Appendix. 
By  Jotm  K.  Towosvad,  Memlter  of  the  Academy  of  Nntnnil  SciL-ncun  of 
Fbiliulclpbia.  Philadelphia:  Uuory  Perkios,  134  Chuetnut  elrcot.  Boston: 
Perkiu*  &  HifcTviu.— 1830.     iHf,  35*2  pp.] 

lA  (n«  La«ldanul  popular  oodoea  of  aalmon  and  troot*raslTen.J 

(U)*pnnted  Ui  ED|;laQtl  uader  iho  followlDg  UUa:— J 

Sportiux  Excujreionfi  to  the  Hocky  MountaiiM,  inclndini;  n  Jonnioy  to  the 
Coltimbts  Biver,  and  «  Viait  Co  the  Sandwich  laluidu,  Chili,  &o.  By  J.  K. 
Tt»««boud  iiwf\  Ksq.  In  two  Tolunie».  Vol.  I  [— 11  j.  Londou  :  Heury 
Colbarn.  PobliHiber,  Great  MarlborooRh  Street.  1840.  [8*^.  Vol.  i,  xii  [+i], 
3t3  pp.,  1  pi.;  vol  11,  xii,  310  pp.,  1  pL] 

{ la  vol.  i.  «hap-  7.  are  K^ran  dotalli  rtwpMitiDB  aalmoa  haA  tbe  raotle  of  oatcblog  tbem, 
•oil  Ubo  tanUapleoe  iUuairmtca  a  natiTs  woiman  "vpearing  iba  aalmon  ".] 

-THdUUre  Natoralle  dee  Poiseona,  par  M.  le  B*»  Cavier,  .  .  . ;  ct  i»ar  M,  Valen- 
AimnnmM,  .  .  .    Tame  quinzi^Qio.    A  Paris,  chez  Ch.  Pitoia,  i^dlttini.  .  .  .  , 
1840.    [8^  ed.  ixii,  540  pp..  1  1. ;  4^  ed.  xxiv,  3117  pp.— pi  421-455.] 
Suite  do  livrc  dix-eepti^mc— Siluroidrs. 

(Xo  mttt  fuait  spxUM  aeticnl.l 

VairatiTe  of  a  wtialiog  voyaf;e  rouud  the  tflubv,  frvm  the  year  I8:tli  to  18;1A, 
eompriaiug  sketcbea  of  Polyiimia,  California,  the  Indian  Arcbipclu^n,  etc. 
with  an  aoooaut  of  Sontbcra  Wbalea,  the  flptn-in  Wtntln  Pi«ihi-r,v,  nint  tho 
Natur»l  Iliatory  of  tb«  climates  viaired.  By  Frederick  Debell  Bennett, 
E«q..  K  U.  0.  8.,  Follow  of  the  Royal  ColK<j;e  of  tiargv<>UH,  Londnn.  lu 
(wu  vulumea.  VoL  I  [ — II].  Lttndon  :  Richard.  Bentlcy,  New  ftiirliti};' 
too  street,  publi«ber  in  ordinary  to  her  Majesty. — IA40.  [i^,  vol.  i,  xv,  -lOrZ 
pp.,  1  pi.,  I  map;  toI.  ii,  vii,  300  pp.,  I  pi.] 


JMS — Hietotre  Naturelle  dea  FoiMona,  par  M.  le  B^  Cuvler,  .  .  .  ,  et  par  M.  Valen- 
ciennes, .  .  -  .    Tome  eetzi^me.    A   Paris,   cbez  P.  Bcrtrand,  >  •  -  t  l*^- 
l-*^  ed.  XX,  472  pp..  I  I.;  4°  ed.  xviii,  3<i3  pp.,  1  I.— pi.  45tM87,] 
Livro  dix-baUiftme. — Cyprinoidea. 

Zoology  of  Now- York,  or  the  New- York  Faana;  compriaing  det.iiled  dracrip- 
tlonaof  all  tb*^  animaU  hitherto  obBer%'od  within  the  Btate  of  New-York. 
with  brief  nottccaof  tlKMo  oocaeionally  found  iii-ur  ila  iNirdem,  and  accom- 
paoied  liy  appropriate  illaatratlonH. — By  Jamea  E.  DeKay. — Part  IV. — 
Ptob««.  Albany:  Printed  by  W.  &.  A.  White  and  I.  Vivcber.  184^  [4^, 
zjvtu  MTata],  41Dpp.;  ailati,  I  p.  1.,  79pL] 

(Tka  lalterpreaa  of  tiie  It«ptllaa  and  Flthaa,  eaob  aeparately  paged,  forms  one  rolame, 
nil  ilw  ylaiMs,  M«b  Mpamlely  anaband.  aootbor-  Efcbt  cf  tb«  notibwcsi-coaai  Malai»> 
fUrjtima  speclia  (Atrmmti  hatlaiihu,  LeueiacUM  cniininiui,  LmdMntM  vrwgonfHuU.  •Sa/me 
f<— <f.  Aalma  fJttUdwrU,  AllllM  SlwUri,  Solnui  UttppU^h,  and  Satmo  nitidvsi  b>i«1  tbe 
Sumauii  (Atiprnatr  traMiii»nlaMU)onumeTated  hy  Riobardaon  |1830)  are  briefly  ludirateil 

m  "eattapUBlut"! 


16 

1844— Histoira  NrntoreUe  des  Poibkhib,  pw  M.  le  B^  Caviar,  .  .  . ;  «t  pw  M.  Valen- 
dtauam^  ....    Tome  dix-wpti^me.  A  Paria,  ebes  P.  Bertnnd,  ....  18M. 
[8°  ed.  xxui,  497  pp.,  1 1. ;  4°  ed.  xx,  370  pp.  1  L— pL  487  (bU)-619.] 
SaitedD  livre  dix-hniti^e. — Cyprmoides. 

1S49 — Description  of  a  new  species  of  SifrnffmaikmSj  broogbt  from  the  western  coast  of 
California  by  Capt.  Phelps.  By  Dr.  D.  H.  Storer.  <  Proc.  Boston  Soc. 
Nat.  Hist.,  r.  3,  p.  73,  December,  1845. 

1S4S — ^A  Synopsis  iti  the  fishes  of  North  America.  By  David  Biunphreys  Sluiei, 
H.  D.,  A.  A.  B.,  ....  ^Mem.  Am.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sci.,  new  sviea,  toI. 
ii,  pp.  253-550,  Cambridge,  1846. 

(739  Dosdaal  ^edcs  fnm  aUHottli  AMcrioa.  Indodisg  ibe  W«st  ladies,  an  ihsniHirf 
Tb«  dMOtiptioos,  bowerar.  an  Bost  lastly  qo^plkd  aad  oatinlj  tasaflclMai.] 

A  Synopsis  of  the  Fishes  of  North  America.    By  Da-vid  Hnmphrsya  Storer, 
H.  D.,  A.  A.8.,  .  .  .  .    Cambridge:  Metcalf  and  Company,  Printers  to  the 
University.    1846.    [4°,  1  p.  I.  (=  title),  296  pp.] 
(A  reprint,  with  aepsnta  psfiaatfon,  tUle-psca,  aad  index,  of  Us  preAillng. 

AeoordiBC  to  Dr.  Stonr  (Hen.  Aead.,  p-SSO;  SyiLp.?).  "tbe&Oowing  vMiMiakaUt 
tha  north  western  ooast  t>f  Amsrica  :— 

Triekoitm  tUtUrL  Saitmo. 


Sattmo  GuirdmHi. 

A^idopkanu  aeJpmmrimmt.  Sabme  SeomUri. 

HtmtiUpidotmt  TOmU,  Saimo  ttmfpUA. 


CgprimmM  bmlUmtm*.  O/fd^tenu  ttntrieotuM. 


I 

Histoire  Natnrelle  des  Poissoos,  (mr  H.  le  B^  Cnvior,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  H.  Valen- 
cieiine%  ....  Tome  dix-hoitiime.  A.  Paris,  chez  P.  Bertrand,  .  .  .  , 
1846.    [8o  ed.  xix,  505  pp.,  2  L ;  4='  od.  xviii.  375  pp^  2  1.— pi.  520-5:i3.  > 

Suite  dn  lirre  dix-hnitidme. — Cyprinoidee. 

Livre  dix-nenvi^me. — Des  Esooes  on  Lncioldes. 

Histoire  Natorelle  des  PoiseonS,  par  M.  le  B^  Cavier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
ntmnnmm^  ....  Tomc  dix-neavitaie.   A  Paris,  ebes  P.  Bertrand,  .  .  .  ,  1846. 
[8°  ed.  xix,  544  pp.,  3  1. ;  4°  ed.  xt,  391  pp..  2  1.— pi.  554-590.] 
Saite  dn  livre  dix^neavi^me. — Brochets  on  Loeioides. 
Livre  Tingti&me. — De  qnelqnes  fitmiUes*  de  UaUoopt^ryg^ens,  interm^ 

diairee  entre  les  Brochets  et  les  Clnpes. 
(Xo  weet-eoaat  species  daacribed.] 

Histoire  Natnrelle  des  Poissons,  par  M.  le  B***  Cnvier, .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Valen- 
ciennes^ ....    Tome  Tingtifeme.    A  Paris,  chez  P.  Bertrand,  .  .  .  ;   1846. 
[8°  ed.  xviii,  472  pp.,  11.;  4^  ed.  xir,  346  pp.  1  L— pi.  591-606.] 
Livre  vingt  et  nntfeme. — De  la  fiunille  des  Clnp^oides. 

1S48— Historia  Fisica  y  Politiea  de  Chile  segun  docomentos  adqoiridos  en  esta  re- 
ptiblica  durante  doce  alios  de  residencia  en  ella  y  pnblicada  bajo  los  aus- 
picios  del  Snpremo  Gobiemo.    Por  Clandio  Oey,  ciodadano  Chileno,  indi- 

*Tb«  fAoniliee  referred  toare:— Chirocaotrei  <with  the  gtmaa  OkiroemUnui ;  Alepoo6pbale«  (with  Ate- 
poceitkalu»\ ;  Lntodviree  (with  OkmmmaaA  Oonorhyndim) ;  Mufniyree  fwiih  JronHynur) ;  HyodoBtes  (with 
Oiutflio  mm.  lKknMama.wmiiHv%4wmi;  BatlriBB  {with  A]Ms= Arttnaw);  filopiens  (with  JR^e and 
Jff^iopjt ;  Amtf(with  Ami») ;  YMtwsoo  Amtoel  (FaiJWil ;  faiina>anirali^te.oa  Aaieel  iffelireSie)  { 
eo^l>nudee  (with  Brj/aunama,  Matrtdam,  LMmttm,  saA  PifrHtaUmaH  -,  aad  Oabtes  (with  irai»fm>. 


17 

vidao  de  variaa  sociedades  cientificas  nacioDales  y  etrangeras.  Zoolcgia. 
Tomo  eegando.  Paris,  ea  casa  dfl  antor.  Chile,  en  el  Mnseo  do  Historia 
Natural  de  Santiago.    MDCCCXLVIII.    [Text,  6° ;  atlas,  fol.  J 

[Feoea.  pp.  137-370  and  index.— In  tbia  wurk  are  dcecriticd  Buvcral  Bpecies  afterward 
ducovered  alooK  the  coast  of  CaliforDia.] 

IMS— Thirtieth  Congress — fiist  se».sion.  |  =  |  Ex.  Doc.  No.  41.  |  —  |  Notes  of  a  mili- 
tary reconnoia&ance,  |  from  |  Fort  Leaveuwortb,  Id  Missouri,  |  to  |  San  Di- 
ego, in  California,  |  including  part  of  the  |  Arkansas,  Del  Norte,  and  Gila 
Rivers.  |  —  |  By  Lient.  Col.  "W.  H.  Emory.  |  Slade  in  1646-7,  with  the 
advanced  gnard  of  the  "  Army  of  the  West."  |  —  |  February  9,  1848. — Or- 
dered to  be  printed.  |  February  17,  1848.— Ordered,  That  10,000  extra  copies 
of  each  of  the  Reports  of  Lien-  j  tenant  Emory,  Captain  Cooke,  and  Lieu- 
tenant Abert,  bo  printed  for  the  use  of  the  House;  |  and  that  of  said  num- 
ber, 250  copies,  be  furnished  for  the  use  of  Lieutenant  Emory,  Captain  | 
Cooke,  and  Lieutenant  Abort,  respectively.  |  Washington:  )  Wendell  and 
Van  Beuthuysen,  printers.  |  : : :  :  |  1848.  [H°,  G14  pp.,  50  lith.  pi.  not  num- 
bered, 14  nambered,  2  sketoh-maps,  and  3  maps  folded.] 

[Tbiii  work  bas  been  so  badly  edltod  tbnt  the  followtng  analyaii  may  prove  nsefal,  and 
witi  facilitate  tho  anderstandin;;  of  the  work :— ] 
CONTKNTS. 

Notes  I  of  I  a  military  reconnoissanco,  |  from  |  Fort  Leavenworth,  in  Mis- 
soari,  to  San  Diego,  |  in  California,  |  including  |  part  of  the  Arkansas, 
I>el  Norte,  and  Gila  Rivers.  |  pp.  5-126,  20  lith.  pi.,  2  sketcb-mapa. 
Appendix  No.  1.    [Letter  on  Indians  by  Albert  Gallatin,  and  reply  by 

W.  H.  Emory.]    pp.  127-134.,  1  pi. 
Appendix  No.  2.    [Report  on  botany.] 

[1.  Phanerogams  and  ferns.    By  John  Torrey.   pp.  135-155,  pi.  1-12.] 
[2.  Cactacea.    By  G.  Engelmann.    pp.  155-159,  14  lith.  pi.,  2  not 
nnmbered.] 
Appendix  No.  3.    Table  of  meteorological  observations,    pp.  160-174. 
Appendix  No.  4.    Table  of  geographical  positions,    pp.  175-178. 
Appendix  No.  5.    Table  of  astronomical  obHervations.    pp.  179-iW5.* 
Appendix  No.  0.     [Report  on  natural   history.      By  J.  W.   Abort.] 

jip.  3^6-414. 
Appendix  No.  7.     [Itinerary  of  Sonorn.  Mexico.    By  P.  St.  Geo.  Cooke.] 
pp.  41.V-41G. 
Report  of  Lieut.  J.  W.  Abert,  |  of  his  |  examination  of  New  Mexico,  |  in 
tbe  years  1840-'47.    pp.  417-54G,  22  litb.  pi.,  1  map  folded. 
Notes  concerning  the  niiueralH  and  i'oi^bilti,  collected  by  Lieutenant  J. 
W.  Ab<!rt,  while  engaged  in  tbe  geogiaphical  examination  of  New 
Mexico,  by  J.  W.  Bailey,  profesi-or  of  cbemistry,  minerah>gy,  and 
geology,  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy,     pp.  517-u4H,  2 
lith.  pis. 
Report  of  Lient.  Col.  V.  St.  George  Cooke  |  of  |  his  march  from  |  Santa  F<S, 
New  Mexico,  |  to  |  San  Diej;o,  Upper  C.ilifornia.    pp.  549-56^1,  2  maps 
folded. 
Joarnal  |  of  |  Captain  A.  R.  Johnston,  |  First  Dragoons,    pp.  5(»5-614. 

(A  species  of  GUa  is  noticed  nt  )>■  Oi,  and  iUasirated  by  a  poor  plate  oppo^iU!  tbe  text. 
It  Lm  aaid: — "We  beard  the  flsb  playiDg  in  the  ivuter,  and  soon  those  wbu  xvcro  disen- 
jEBged  w*fre  after  tbotu.  At  first  it  was  siippuscd  tliey  wore  the  mooDtain  trout,  but,  beini? 
cooiparatiTely  frenb  from  tbe  bllU  of  Maine,  Z  soon  saw  the  diffcreoco."] 

HiatoJro  Natnrelle  des  Pois  ons,  par  M.  lo  B**"  Cuvier.  .  .  .  ;  ct  par  M.  Valen- 
dennea,  .  .  .  Tome  vingtet  uniiimo.  A  Pniis,  ehrz  P.  Bortrand,  ....  1848. 
[8°  ed.  xiv.  536  pp.;  4^  ed.  xiii  (-1-  iii),  '.191  pp.—  pi.  G07-C33.]  

•  Pages  380-304  luisnu-.bered  309-3S4.. 

BoILN.  M.  No.  11-2 


18 

8aito  do  Uttb  ringt  et  nni^me  et  des  Clap^ides.* 
Lirre  vingtrdeaxi^me. — Du  U  famille  dea  Sfthnoooidea. 
fXo  WBA-coMt  speciea  dncribed.) 

lS49~Fnnlc  Forrwter's  nab  mod  Fiahingof  tbe  United  SUtes  aod  British  Provinces 
of  North  America.  Illoatnited  Crom  natura  by  th«  sntbor.  By  Henry 
in^UUam  Herbert,  author  of  "  Field  Sporta,"  "  Wanrick  Woodlsndis''  vU. 
New  York,  Stringer  &  Townaend,  222  Broedvay,  16$9.    iP. 

Histoire  NatoreUe  des  Foisaoos,  par  H.  le  6*  Covier,  .  .  .  ;  et  par  M.  Vmlen- 
Mmmwtmm   .  .  .  Toow  Tingt-deoxi^oie.    X  Paris,  chez  P.  Bertraod, .  .  .  ,  ltM9. 
[8Ced.xx,532,(iDdex)91{+l)pp.;  4^  ed.XTi,395,(iodex)ei  (+  l)pp.— pL 
634-650.] 
^ite  do  livre  Tiogt-deaxi^me.— Saite  de  la  famille  des  Salmoooldea. 
[Xo  wtrt  CO— t  ipeeka  deacribed.) 

A  Monograph  of  tbe  Freah  water  Cottaa  of  North  America.  By  Charlaa  Oi- 
rmrd.    Aug.  1S19.    <  Proc  Am.  Assoc.  Adr.  Sci.,  ▼■  2,  pp.  4fB-Ut,  IdSO. 

OnthegeDosCottnsAnet.  By  Charles  Olrerd.  Oct.  17,  ld49.  <  Proc  Boat. 
Soc  Nat.  Hist.,  t.  3,  pp.  133-190, 1849. 

1U# — Some  additional  obsenrations  on  tbe  nomenclatnre  and  classification  of  the 
genns  Cottna.  By  Charlee  Olnrd.  Jone  19, 1:^.  <  Proc.  Boat.  Soc  Nat. 
Hist.,  T.  3,  pp.  30:t-305,  ItSa 

1S41— On  a  d«w  genosof  Amrrican  Cottoids.  By  Charlea  Olrard.  Feb.  5, 1851. 
<  Proc  Boat.  Soc  Nat  Hist.,  t.  4,  pp.  Id-19, 1651. 

B6Tiaion  dn  goue  Cottos  des  anteais.  Par  Chariea  Qirard,  de  TAasodatioii 
am^ricaine  pour  ravaocement  dee  sciences,  membre  de  la  Soci^t^  dliiatoire 
natarelle  de  Buston.  [1851.  4°,  23  pp.]  <N.  DenkKhr.  allg.  Schwtsixer. 
Gcsell.  gesammt.  Natorw.,  &  1^  1^52. 

SmitbwHiian  Cootribntious  to  Knowledge.  =  Contribations  to  tbe  Nainral  His- 
tory of  the  rreofa  Water  Fishes  of  North  America.  By  Cliaxlaa  Oirard.  I. 
A  Moxiugraph  of  tbe  Cuttoids.  Accepted  for  pnblicatioD  by  tbe  Smithson- 
ian InstitotioD, December,  ld50.  [Smithsonian  Contribaiions  to  Knowledge,] 
voL  iii,  art.  X     [4-,  J?0  pp  .  3  pi.] 

Description  of  a  new  form  of  Lamprey  from  Australia,  with  a  Synopsis  of  the 
Family.  By  J.  B-  Gray,  Ej-v.  1'.  U.  S.,  V.  P.  Z.  S.,  rtc  <  Proc.  ZooL  Soc 
Lundon,  part  xix,  pp.  2;i5-£41,  p.a;es.  Pisccu,  iv,  t,  1351. 

List  uf  tbe  «prcimeufl  of  Fish  i.i  tbe  collection  of  tbe  Briti^h  Un'>«om. — Part 
I. — CboDdropterygii. — Printed  by  order  of  tbe  tmstev^s.  London,  1S51.  [12^, 
x.tl],U^pp.,'ipl.J 

;Tb«BaiikeorUteeoaipUerUDOCpabli*bsdfla  t::«tiUe>p^0e.  In  tbe  B»ul  ialra4aetiaK, 
Mr.  Grmj  ftUir*:— "Tbe  rlunrtcn  oi  tb»  (nwrmof  S)Mr^  asd  JUjb.  with  tbcir  ay- 
Doaio«,  bavv  priocipAllj  bem  derir«d  frnqi  ibe  ««rkof  Prof »■■»«■  llaU«r  m»i  Hcala. 
rW  *>pc«iiaeas  wlLcb  wtrt  sot  nam^u  ox  tbovr  aatbdn  vbee  CB^ES^prd  ia  tbMr  voc^  «r 
ht  I>r.  Aadrvv  South,  have  btco  d.  :er:uiue«l  bv  Ur.  K«lwarU  Gerr^ri."  Tbe  reapCMai- 
btlitT  of  the  conpUatioti.  h««-  rrr.  apiarmilv  tlvTohrva  oo  JOOS  EDWAKD  GRAT. 
Tbe  diafiKwr*  of  the  proo;.r.  -;  1.  f.c  ihr  m-A.  i«.n.  '.be  *.  iwaTBV  kJ  the  »pecw«.az«,  ia 
:«ct.  tracaUzed  or  traucr.bed  fron  Valler  auU  iIcA>  s  f'A*;  «ork  c^  the  PlijpnalnMW. 
ectitiedaa  fc^lov* .— c<yp<csaaUarbe  ISnrbreihanp  der  Pli^^mcoaett  Txm  Dr.  J.  urLLKR. 
o.  5.  Proframr  d«r  A&atoicie  and  PhTKoliir^,  narf  IHrMtor  dea  asai«aiarhea  Tb«alen 
~L<i  Uatearn*  io  Brriin,  ci^d  £>r.  J.  '.lENLK  «^  &  Vtvfrmatt  4eT  AtMomit  nt>J  INMCtor 
tif^  anaioaiaebea  Tticatcra  aad  V.««rou*  ia  Zaikk.  Hit  aeokiic  g»« wdmchtafeto. 
I>riiB.  VerlajE  Toa  Tcit  aad  Caaof  — IML  [  Ko^M.  xx-.L.  aDS  pp^  <  U  W  pL.  agatlT  eaiund. 
caa:i3ibeTed.J    Aoepach-aurki::  .wrt  IfOt  w:thiM>DuUcMiii' \V«at«-Ri  ^a«eaicaa»pecatn.] 

tkmm  tWOarcu4e»aaavH-j  iteiscc  ^mHj  (mam fcwilla  trSa- 


1» 

ISSl— SoppleiDvnt  to  FrunU  rorriwter'd  rioti  and  Fkhiuguf  (be  I'oitiNl  StatfHtind 
Britittli  Provinces  of  North  AmiTioik.  By  William  Henry  Herbert,  unlliiir 
of  tbu  '*  Fioli!  SportHof  North  Amerioa,"  "  friiiik  I-'oi  rrsitT  aint  liis  I'lii'iidi*,*' 
«tc.    N«w  York,  8iriDger  &,  Tuwnfteud,  'Jrii  Etruodwuy,  IBjI.    ti[i.  1-^. 

19SS — n<v(cri|tUnnfl  of  eionm  new  Fishfts  frnin  tim  Rtvor  ZuAi.  Rv  S.  F.  Balrd  nud 
Ciiarle*  airard.  Jiino  'i»,  1853.  <  Proo.  Acad.  Nut.  8oi.,  vol.  G,  itp.  '.V>t*~vm, 
June.  Iti^X 

[N.  g.  Mil  «[L  Oiia  <a.  g.  afld),  OOa  rofrtuU  (309),  (JUa  ^^mim  (300»,  O^groeOU  (3(W».| 
DoocriptiaoN  of  New  8p«c(<j*«  of  Ft8ht«  imiIUm-UmI  hy  Sir.  Joho  H.  Curk,  on  the 
r.  &.  and  Mexican  IhMiiidary  Purvey,  iiiHl*«r  Lt.  Col,  Jas,  I).  Gntharii.     Dy 
Spenoer  F.  Balrd  and  Charles  Oirard.    AaK°i>t  30,  1803.    <  Pnw.  Acad. 
Nat.  8ci.  Phila..  v.  «.  pp.  3^r-;t'.tO,  Au-nit.  IHh'X 

{S.  np.  0<tbtf{r>mu«  loajnimil  t3^».  OUs  EiiMtyi  OSH),  f7<7a  (VriAimf  (399).  Cvpn'nocfon 

3iiil  Congrem,  )  3d  Homion.  {Senate,  j  Execativc  |  No. CO.  |  —  |  Koportof  nn£x- 
pr^dition  |  down  the  |  Znfii  and  Cohtrado  Rivont,  |  hy  |  Cnpturu  L.  Blt- 
greavea,  |  Corps  Topographical  Knf;inecrn.  |  —  (  Accompanied  hy  m»|n(. 
ttk«tch««,  vifws,  and  illuslniliutiit.  |  —  |  Waohiugtuu:  1  Rolirrt  ArniBtrong^ 
public print4>r.  I  ISTkJ.  [(i*^,  lUOpp.,  1  K,  21  pl.offlcintry  ^pl.  I  foldotl),  6pI.of 
ni'kininalfi,  (i  pi.  of  hirda,  12  pi.  of  mptilott,  U  pL  of  fiaUet,  21  pLof  botany,  1 
foldetl  map,  tU  at  end.] 
Titles    p.  1. 

Beport  of  the  Secretary  of  Wnr,  comiDUDicatiDjr,  [etc.]     p.  3. 
[8itf(reare8'a  report]    pp.  4-29. 

fioport  I  nn  |  the  natnral  history  {  of  the  |  country  pnMf«l  over  hy  the 
exploring;  expedition  |  under  the  command  of  Hrovet  Cuptaiu  L.  8il- 
j[^vavr«,  I  v.,  S.  Topoi^raphicul  Kiijjiiicers,  during  th*^  3  enr  lOl.  |  Hy  S. 
^.  ^77oodboaafl^  M.  D.,  |  surgeon  und  naturalittt  tu  the  expitlitiuti.  |  pp. 
31-40. 
Zoology.  I  ^  I  Mammals  ami  Birds,  liy  8.  W.  Woodhutuc,  M.  D.  I  Reptilea, 
by  Rdvrard  Hallowell,  M.  D.  |  Fishoa,  by  Prof.  Sl  F.  Balrd  and  Charlec 
Olrard.  |  pp.  41-152. 
Mammala.     By  8.  W.  W-HHlhouM',  M.  D.    pp.  4:J-57.  6  (.1.  ( !-6). 
Binlii.     By  8.  W.Wo..dhiiuBe.M.  D.    pp.  58-105.  6  pi.  (1-6), 
Reptilea.    By  Edward  Hallnwell.  M.  D.    pi*.  105-147.  21  pi  O'^O^ 

10  a>. 
Fisheti.     by  Speccer  F.  Baird  and  Cbarlea  Oirard.     pp.  ]4H'152, 
3pl.  (I'Jj. 
BoUuy.  I  —  I  By  Pnifi^wior  John  Torrr-y.    pp.  15.V17B,  21  ph*.  (1-21). 
Medical  Report.  |  —  |  By  8.  W.  Woodhoose,  M.  D.     \\\\.  17'J-185. 
Lift  of  UhiHtratioQs.    pp.  l*^-11MJ. 
Table  of  contents.     [II.] 

Ettraordioary  FUhea  from  Culifomia,  con&titntiog  a  O0W  family,  do«crihi.'(l  Uy 
L.  Agaaaiz.  <Am.  Journ.  Sni.and  Art*,  (2),  v.  ir...pp.  :tHO-:tl»0.  Nov.  1853; 
alao  nipruitml  in  KdtnharKh  Now  Phil.  Jonm.,  v.57,  pp. 214-227 ;  iranalaled 
to  Archiv  fUr  XatnrgeschicbtedJerlin^,  .Iahij(.  20.  B.  I.  pp.  14i)-Ul2,  185:1. 

IKAinity  uatuw)  "Family  llulooaoiior  Riiilm>iiM-oidip"  (|>.  3KI>.    X.{;.juit)t)-«p.  EmlUitifa 
{n.  £..  >t)  i— 1.  Ev^iotoea  JaeJi§atU  ^^s^^ ,  'i.  EmbiaOtca  Coryi  i^MS)  J 

(Thu  ftTtlelo  wu  traoNistMt  Ittto  Geruuta  a»  tuW^vtB: — 1 

tjeber  rine  nmie  Fntnilii!  von  FlM-him  uua  Culiforniou.  Von  L.  AgasalK. 
Aq>  Sillimau'a  Amer.  Joaru.  vol.  xvt.  p.  3t!0  UU-'reL'tzl-.  Vom  Horuuugeher 
[F.  IL  Troaehel].  <  Archiv  lUr  Naturjpjachicbte,  W.  Jahrg.,  B.  I,  pp.  14'J— 
l0U,lt}54. 


20 

fThta  tnatimtion  in»  followrtl  hj  tbe  foUowins  ori^ir;.]  coB!uiuika(^.  in  vUcb  tiM 
■ynumaUc  reUtiooa  of  the  funt!;  «-«Te  ftefiniteljr  dctennincd:— ] 

Ueb«r  die  syiitcinatucbe  StelioDg  der  Gattnog  Embiotrxa.  BeicerkoDg  zoi 
vorigeo  AbbaodlDDg.  Yoni  IIeraD»geb«:r  [Ih*.  F.  H.  Tros^iel}.  -^Archie 
flJr  Natnrgeacbicbte,  SO.  Jabrg.,  B,  1,  pp.  163-16^.  1854. 

3994 — Tbo  ZofAogy  of  tbe  Voyage  uf  H.  U.  8.  Herald,  nnder  tbe  eomrf  and  of  Cap- 
taio  Henry  Ke.Iett,  IL  N.^  C  B.,  dortog  tbe  years  ltM5-51. — Pablubed  nndei 
tbe  Authority  of  tb«  Lor*,  s  CooimissionerB  of  tbe  Admiralty. — Edited  by 
Profevior  E^lward  Forbt  a,  F.  R.  S.  Vi-rtebrals,  ioclatitog  Fossil  Hammale. 
By  Sir  John  Richardson,  KDt.,C.  B.,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.— Loodoo:  LotcII 
Reeve,  5,  Henrietta  stree;,  CoTent  Garden. ~}H&4.  [4^,  xi,  viy[l],  171[+ I] 
pp.,  3-.'  pi.] 

Fihb.    pp.  i;>0-171,  and  pi.  xxviii,pl.  xxxiii. 

[OeMribefl  PUUe$$a  atOtMta,  month  of  Coppermine  Birer  <1C4.  pi.  33,  f.  1-3);  Plmtam 
gtaeialit,  B«tbanit'«  Iol»l>  (IM,  pi.  Zi);  Salmo  eoiuvettu,  Ynknu  Eiv^  tl67.  pL  3«;  S^wu 
defmatinut.  Tokoo  Hirer  (169,  pi.  33,  f.  3-5).] 

Xotico  of  a  collection  of  Fmheii  from  tbo  sontbem  bend  of  tbe  Tennessee 
River,  in  tbo  State  of  Alabama.    By  la.  Agamain      <  Am.  Jonro.  Sci.  and 
Arts,  (2),  v.  17,  pp.  2U7-:{03,  Mar.  1854 ;  v.  17,  pp.  3j3-3t;9,  May.  Ie54. 
Appendix. — Additional  notes  on  tbe  Holconoti.    pp.  365-369,  May,  1854. 

[N.  fc-  nnd  n.  up.  EnU>iotoea  UtteraUt  (366),  SMaeodtiluM  (n.  g.)  toxctu  (367),  Ampki^'-hm 
(n.  g.)  argenUuM  (367),  Holamotut  (a.  g.,  367)  rhodotenu  (36g).] 

[TnoiiUtea  a*  folIowB :— ] 
Nacbtriiglicbe  Beraerkaogen  Uber  die  Holconoti.    Von  Prof.  Ii.  Agassiz.    Am 
Silliman  Amer.  Joum,  xvii.  p.  365.      LVbereetzt  vom  HtTsosgeber  [J.  II 
TroscbelJ.    <  Arcbiv  lUr  Nnturgeschicbte,  21.  Jabrg.,  B.  1,  pp.  30-34,  1855. 

Description  of  four  new  siiecies  of  Viviparoas  Fishes  from  Balicramento  Rirei 
and  tliu  Bay  of  San  Frunctsco.  Read  before  tbe  California  Academy  of  Na*- 
unil  Sciencen,  May  15,  1854.  By  "W.  P.  Gibbons,  M.  D.  June  27,  1854 
<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbil.i.,  v.  7,  pp.  105-10{>,  1854. 

(N.  up.  ITjftteroearpiu  Trtukii  (103),  llyperprotopvn  arj^enteum  (105)  antl  v«r.  a.  pvautatun 
(IWi),  Ojfmatagtuier  aggregatua  (lOti),  C\/matoga»t€r  mimvMU  (106).] 

Description  of  new  Species  of  Viviparous  Marine  ami  Fresh-water  Fishes,  fron 
the  Bay  ofSuu  FranciMco,  and  from  tbe  River  and  Lagoons  uf  the  S^runiento 
By  W.  P.  Gibbons,  M.  D.  [Read  before  the  California  Academy  of  Nat 
nral  Sciences,  Jan.  Utb  and  May  15tb,  22d,  and  29th,  1854.]  July  25,  1854 
<Pn>c.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  v.  7,  pp.  122-126,  July,  1854. 

[N  fC.  nod  n.  »p.  Jltiloonoliu  ( 1S3),  H.  AgtutinHV^),  JJ.  Gibbongii.  "  Cul.  Acad.  cfX.  B.''  (13-3) 
H./nlijimmu  (liO),  CynatogOMter  {n.  g.).  O.  LarkiruiUlia),  C.  pvlchrUu*  i\3S),  C.  elliptieu 
(1U4),  Ififiterooarjnu  (n.  R.),  U.  TroMkii  (124).  Jlyprrpronopon  (u.  g, ),  U.  argmteug  (125),  H 
amtatiu  093),  UierometruM  iu.  r.),  31.  aggrrgtUut  (1'25).  M.  tnintrnu*  (l-25),i/yIi/op/i(t;u«  (n 
(t-).  Jf./a.eia(u*  (l:i5).  Paehylabrtit  (n.  g.),  P.  varifgMua  (126). J 

[TnaaUted  »■  foUow«:— ] 
Beschntibnng  nener  Fische  ans  der  Familio  Holconoti  aus  dem  Busen  voi 
San  Francisco,  ans  dem  Sacramento- Flues  and  deusen  Lagunen.  Vou  W 
P.  Olbbona.  Ans  den  Proceedings  of  the  Acad,  of  nat.  sc.  of  Philadelphi: 
vol.  viL  1854.  p.  122.  tlberaetzt  vom  Herausgehor  [F.  H.Troscbel].  <Ar 
chiv  iUr  Naturgeschichte,  21.  Jabrg.,  B.  1,  pp.  331-341,  1855. 

Descriptions  of  new  Ftiihes,  collected  by  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann,  Naturalist  at 
taohed  to  tbo  sun'ey  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Route,  under  Lieut-.  R.  S.  Wit 
llamson,  U.  S.  A.  By  Charles  Olrard.  Aug.  29.  1854.  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat 
Sci.  Phila.,  T.  7.  pp.  189-140, 1854. 

[^.g.nAn.ap,:—\.OmitrmrekUMiittmTii9tiu(lW,i.Ooa^ptisgulotu9{tV),X  A^iettU 
V  g.)  Vmm  nm*  4.  I  gliwrtw  la.  g.,  I3t)  arwolitr  (131).  &.  AooiymtidUAv*  (a.  g.>  SMmN 
fwmf(m},9.  MsilwsihsmM0»UtrC«rwyfc«waay,8.0Mni>fWsHM0»>.t 


21 

Opkiodon  (n.  g.)  elongatti*  (133),  1p.  Oa*terott»u$  Willia:.toni  (133),  U.  Oattero/itfUi  micro- 
eephcUiU  (133),  12.  AtherinophiM  In.  g.)  eali/omieruu  {l;)4),  13.  Gobiut  praciliii  (VM).  14.  Embi- 
otocalineata  (134),  15.  Amphutichm  timilvnl'M),lG.  AaiphUtichui  n*emuinni(l,i3i,  17.  Gila 
€onoeep?uUa  (1.15),  IB.  I'ogonichthyiiiTuequUobits  (130),  19.  Pogonichtkyt  Kym7netHeu«  (136).  20. 
Lavinia  (□.  R.)  exilieauda  (137),  SI,  Lavinia  erasncauda  {131),^,  Lavinia  eoi'/pnnu  (\yi), 
S3.  Leuetitomua  occidentalis  (137),  U4.  Ulupea  mirab.liM  <13d>,  25.  i/f^»a  cointZ^a  (138),  26. 
Sii«rrauif«  mordax  (i:J8),  27.  PlatiehtAyM  (u.  j;-)  rujoswi  (13!)),  2ii.  Pleuronichtkyx  (n.  s-)  coino- 
•w  (139),  29.  ParopAn/ji  (n.  e-.  139)  vetulu*  (140),  30.  PseUichthy$  {n.  {;.)  melanotitic,u»  (I40).l 

18«I4 — Euumeration  of  tbo  specius  of  marine  Fishes,  collected  at  Sau  Fraucisof>,  Citli- 
fomia,  by  Dr.  C.  B.  R.  Keunorly,  nataralist  attacbed  to  tbe  snrvry  of  tbo 
PacificR-R.  Route,  under  Lieut.  A.  W.  Whipple.  By  Charles  Gira:d.  Ang. 
a9, 1854.    <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Puila.,  v.  7,  pp.  141-14J,  Aug.  1854. 

[K.  g.  and  n.  sp :— I.  Chirtu  eoruteUatut  (141),  3.  Porichthys  (n.  g.)  notatus  (141),  8.  Oadtu 
jMWxiiniu  (141),  10.  PMttiehthy  sonHim  (143). J 

Observations  upon  a  coUocliou  uf  Fishes  made  on  tbe  Pacific  coast  uf  the 
U.  States,  by  Lieut.  W.  P.  Trowbridge,  U.  S.  A.,  lor  tbe  Museum  of  tbo 
Smithsouian  lustitution.  By  Charles  Girard.  Aug.  29,  lr^54.  <^  Prur. 
Acad.  Not,  Sci.  Philu.,  v.  7,  pp.  U'2-15C.  If<i4. 

[N.g.  andn.flp.:— 1.  Ltlbraxnebul^/er{U2),^LabTaxcIathratu» (143),  Z.  Beterogtichtu (u.  k  ) 
nMtraha  (143),  4.  Sphyrcma  argentea  (144),  5.  CoUopsuparciM  {Wi,d.SeoTpiKnichth:it  late- 
ralu(145),  'J.  Scorpima  guttata  (UC>),  l\.  SebaatesrosaceuM  {liGi,  V2.  Stbatteit/ajieiatuti  {I4i'i),l'>. 
QoMteroiteitM plfheiut  (147),  IC.  Gatteranteus  inopinatus  (147),  17.  Vii.brina  UTidulafa  {\4^),  1^. 
GlypkUodon  rubicund^  (\4A).  19.  DtUrne  exili*  (149),  20.  Blermiua  gentilia  (149),  21.  Gunneltuit 
omatut  (149).  33.  Apodiehtltyi  (a.  R.yjtandtu  (ISO),  23.  Apodiehthya  rirAaeeut  (l.W.  34.  Anar- 
rhicbaw/eliM  (150),  £6.  JtUis  modettiu  (151),  29.  Embiotoca  tineata  (151),  30.  BmbioSoca  Cos- 
tidvi  (151).  32.  Ilolcon0lu$  Trotobtidgii  (152),  33.  Holconoius  megatopti  (152),  31.  Pltanerodou 
in.  g.)  /itreattu  (IS3),  36.  Pogomehthya  argyreioeus  (103),  37.  Pundi-lna  parvipinnu  (IM),  4-2. 
SngTOidia  delieatianmua  (154),  43.  Argentina  prelioha  (150),  44.  Vlrurotti-cteamaculonuiil^^), 
4*.  LfpadogaHer  retievlatut  (155),  49.  Syngnathua  6rmr«.(m  (ISiJ).  50.  jS^nffnofAa*  Irpto- 
rAyn4:Aw(l56).] 

t  Descriptions  of  two  species  of  fish,  believed  to  be  new.  Su[»t.  4.  1854.  By 
Wm.  O.  Ayres.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  3-4,  IK'^ ;  'J<1  .  d.,  pp.  :'-'I, 
1873. 

LN.  ap.  Lahrua  pxtXcher,  IlemUripimta  marmoratun.l 

t  Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of  Subastes.  Si-'pt.  11,  1854.  By  'Wm.  O. 
Ayrea.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  I,  pp.  5-6,  1%4 ;  2d  ed.,  p;-.  G-H,  187::. 

{N.  si>.  S.  nebrdoawt,  S.  panciapinia.] 

t  Descriptions  of  new  Rpecieu  of  fish.  Sept.  IB,  1H54.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayrec, 
M.  D.     <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  7-c<,  1854 ;  2d  ed.,  pp.  7-8,  l>-7:'.         ^ 

(V.  »p.  StixiaUa  ruber,  Sebaatea  ruber  var.  parvua,  Sebaatea  variabilis,  Centrarchv*  Jtiacu- 
lorua.] 

t Observations  on  the  development  of  Anablcps  Gronovil.  a  vivipjiroiis  liwli 
from  Snrinnni.  By  Prof.  Jeffries  Wyman.  Sept.  20, 1854.  <]Pii)r.  Bwto:i 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  V.  5,  pp.  80-81,  Dec.  IK54.* 

*  Remarks  in  relation  to  tbe  Mode  of  Develoiiment  of  1  jubiotocoidie.  By 
Charles  Girard.  Sept.  20,  1h54.  <  Proc.  BoHton  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  v.  r,,  pp. 
t*l-^2,  Dec.  If-r4. 

*Two  new  fiybcs,  Morrbna  califnniica  and  (Jrystt'S  lineutnM.  By  'Wm.  O. 
Ayres.  Oct.  2,  1854.  <  Proc.  C;il.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  U-10,  \KA  ;  2<l  cd., 
pp.  8-10,  1873. 

(X.  up.  3Iorrhua  cali/orniea,  Grystea  lincaUm  ] 


*£w, atko.  OtftprTatHiDMOD  tin- iW'Vcloimiciitrf  Aualfl^pw  (In  imvii(Cuv.  nml  Val.).  r.v.IririU'HWjiuii;:. 
ai.D.    R«Bil  Srpt.  20,  U54.     <  BoMoii  .Ii»uiii.  ^'.it.  lli.st..  v.  C,  ).j..  13*^-44:1,  pi.  17.  Nov.  lf.-,4. 


22 

ISM — r  Dnrri|itiiw  ni  a  new  speciea  of  eoctoid  OtJ^  and  remarks  oa  the  Americao 
AcaaxhMOCU.    Br  ^Tm.  a  Ayzva;  3C  D.    Oe:.9,U64.    <Proc.  Cal.  AomL 

[S: flft.  nii       If  I  wiMtMf=  lii'iilliiii  MiCrC).] 

r  DiBKnptMa*  af  tv«  asw  apceiBa  af  fiiiu    By  Wm.  O.  A7re%  M.  D.    Oct. 
a;  Id&l.    <Pna.GBLAcad.Sci^T.  1,  pp.  U-14,  1854;  ad.  ed.,  pp.  1,2-13, 


SewipeckarfCalHbraiaa  r»b<%  by  WBliam  a  Ay»ga^  M.D.  Not.  1, 1854. 
<PrDcBa«aa  Sjc  XaL  HiM.,  ▼-  a>  PP^  94-103^  Dec.  It^  and  Feb.  1855. 

pr.  i»L  <^*1>B  J  ■  I II  If  Mill  .»«>.  Jrtf  wilBlii  ■■!  ff«).  Jitf  tufar  (87>,  SdMHta  mbtr 
Tig.#wwM<ae).CiBHwi*Biiii*iihHi«M».  ITi  ilBiawf^^mkadOOK  rg^nijjwJdWUOl).] 

'Deaciipikneuf  ibeScargeoas[AapeBMr]foaiid  inonr  [Califbrniaii]  waters. 
By 'Wm.  a  Ayrea,  M.  D.  X«t.  a?,  1454.  <FToe.  CaL  Acad.  Sci.,  r.  1,  p. 
15,  Dec  1^&4 ;  Jd  ed.,  pp.  14-15.  VSSX 

(5.  iv^  X  aatfarwerw;  J.  ■lifii^ii,  it.  Iiiipi ftp ■!>■■.] 

Cbanct«rutMs  of  aooe  Cartilasioooe  Flahea  of  tbe  Paeifio  coast  of  North  Am- 
erica.   By  Cbnles  Oinrd.    Nor.  ^  ld&4.    <  Proe.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philo.. 
T.  7,  pp.  196-197,  1851. 
[B.  ipL>-LaH<ranM>«MMet  (MS).  %Tnakia  mmi^tiintmm  (196).  3.  %iwwUfWiiftfrn) 

Abstract  of  a  Report  to  Lieat.  Jaa.  M.  Gilliss,  IT.S.N.,  npon  the  Fishes  col- 
lected doriog  the  U.  S.  N.  AstroiHHnical  Expedition  to  Chili.  By  Charlea 
ainml    Not.  28, 1854.    <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  PLihi..  t.  7,  pp.  197-199, 1854. 

tGMoa  AAttimoptU  noClocd,  sad  tbe  Jf«Mla  evrvlM  of  Aug.  39,  1834,  t.  7,  p.  138,  nde- 
■eribed  as  »  sew  ipeciea,  anderiboDama  ^leassMMca.) 

t  Dmrriptioos  of  two  new  upecies  of  fish.    By  "Wvi.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D.    Dec.  4, 
\^SA.     <Proc.Cal.  Acad..Sci..  v.  1,  p:>.  17-18,  1854;  :id  ed.,  pp.  16-17, 1873. 
[K.  pp.  OrmeruM  tiongatua.  MuMUbufilU\ 

tDetwriptioDs  of  two  new  s  lecies  of  Cyphooid^.    By  Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D. 
Dec.  11,1854.    <  Proc  CaL  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  18-19. 1^^ ;  2d  ed.,  pp.  I7-ia 
1873. 
[N'.  ap.  CtttotUnrau  oeei^enlalU,  Qda  jrntntfu.] 

*  Descriptions  of  two  new  Cypriuoid  fish.    By  Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D.    Dec.  18, 
1854.     < Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  8ci.,  t.  1,  pp. 20-21.  I8:>4;  2«1  cil.,  pp.  19-20, 1873. 
f  [N.  Mp.  Lavinia  gibbOHi,  L.  eompreua.  ] 

'  D4Mwri[ition  of  a  new  Cypriuotd  fish.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D.  Dec.  25, 
1H54.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  t.  1,  pp.  21-22, 1854 ;  2d  ed.,  pp.  20-21, 1873. 

(N.  ftp.  OUa  mieroUpidota.] 

A  lint  of  lite  FUhes  collected  in  California,  by  Mr.  £.  Samuels,  witfa  desorip- 
tioiiR  of  the  new  species.  By  Charlea  Girard,  M.  D.  [1854.]  <  Boston 
Jonrn.  Nat.  Hist.,  v.  6,  pp.  533-544,  pL  24-26,  1857. 

lAAA  HyiiopHls  of  tlio  Icfathyological  Fanna  of  the  Pacific  Slope  of  North  America, 
(ilih'lly  from  the  coUeotioDs  made  by  the  U.  S.  Exp.  Exped.  under  the  com- 
tniiiMl  of  Capt.  C.  Wilkes,  with  recent  add«t.ons  aud  cumpariaans  with  east* 
cm  typM.  By  Loula  Agaaaix.  <  Am.  Joum.  Sci.  and  Aru,  v.  19,  pp.  71-99, 
Jan.,  lHr>5;  v.  lU,  pp.  215-231,  March,  1855. 

(K.  %.  Slid  d.  Bp,  OeOoatomtu  oeetdentattt  <04),  Aenduilui  (d.  g.,  06)  aUitaceua  (09),  PfycA«. 
0k0ttvs  (It.  IT.,  Vrt).  i*tytho9lmbu  gneaU  (SS9),  PtyOtoek^ut  nmjor  (OS),  JfylorAeiliu  <d.  g. 


t«l*;j— "Oil  lwoip<^>sofIJparie.    Ry  Wm.  O.  Ayreo,  M.  D.    Jan.  8, 1855.    <Pftic. 
C»i.  Aoml.  Sci.,  V.  I,  pp.  i:i-'J4,  Fob.  I,  1^%5;  2d  «1.,  pp.  ill-SU,  1H7X 
(X.  ap.  It.  |MiltA*tiiu,  i^.  mvninir.J 

t  Deacrtpiion  of  a  oew  genus  (Lcptoj^ini'  llns)  and  ivro  new  apeeiea  of  liihe*. 
By  Wm.  O-  Ayras,  M.  D.    Jhu.  v".!,  IKia.     <  Proc.  Cal.  Aoad.  15ul.,  v.  I,  pp. 

«&-27,  iHf.5;  i&i  fit. .pp.  Oi-a;..  iK7:i. 

t  l>a>rriptloo  of  a  Lamprnj,  froui  tlie  vicinity  of  Siin  Fronfiinco.     Ily  ^TCTm.  O 
Ayreo.  M.  D.     Feb.  5,  1*5.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  p.  iift,  Feb.  U, 
l!^;  IJ^I  ed..  p.  V7,  1K73. 
[N*.  tp.  PMrvMjrMH  pfurn6«u«.J 

*  Reioarkfl  on  tbe  festal  Zygaina  (Hamniur-bfladfcd  Shark).  By  Jeffries  Wy- 
BUL  Feb.  21,  1H0&.  <PrDo.  Bofitoa  Sot.  NaL  Uui.,  v.  &,  p.  157.  Marvlj, 
1666. 

t  DflMrfptiOD  of  a  new  generio  type  among  tulien.  Py  Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M. 
l>.  Feb.  26,  1855.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  &ci.,  v.  1,  pp.  31-32, 1856 ;  2d  ed.,  pp. 
30-31,  Itf73. 

VDeaeriptinn  of  a  ntiw  a|kM!ieti  of  Cataatomua.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D. 
Manih  r»,  IHai.  <  Prou.  Cal.  Acad.  Bci.,  v.  1,  pp.  32-3:1,  1855;  'HX  ed.,pp.  31- 
32,  1K73. 

IN.  ap.  OaiMteOMM  (a&iafM*.] 

•  Deacrlption'  of  a  new  iehthyio  type.  By  "Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  P.  March  12, 
1»S5.     <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  ?.  1,  pp.  3:Ki.^.  185.'. ;  2d  ed.,  pp.  :W-;t4,  1873. 

pi.  (.  and  a.  ap.  Jfi/ttppAarotfon  [n.  g  )  roitMftu.] 

•  Deacriptiou  of  a  new  Trout.  By  'W.  P.  Gibbons.  March  19, 1855.  <  Proc 
Cal.  Acad.  8ci.,  v.  1,  pp.  :m1-:»7,  iK'ifi;  'Jd  *-d.,  p[i.  ^a-Sfi,  1833, 

|N.  Bp.  £iato«»ruf«a.] 

*  Oo  ipecimena  uf  Gantoroateua  plebeins,  Oir,  bronghl  from  Sau  Jui^  by  the 
lioT.  Mr.  Douglu-i.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayrea.  M.  D.  April  %  lt©5.  <  Pnw.  Cal. 
Acad.8ci.,v.  1,  p.  40,  iav>;  'Jd  i-d..  p.  :k),  1873. 

t  DeaeripUoo  of  a  new  Ploteeaa,  and  reraarkfl  on  tbo  Flatfiab  of  the  8an  I>>aa- 
ci»to  niarkete.     By  "Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.    April  2,  1855.    <Proo.  Cal. 
Acad.  Sci..  V.  1.  pp.  3i^40,  1855 ;  -Jd  ed.,  pp.  3£M0,  1873. 
{K.  ap.  i'laUMMt  bUiafatm.] 

tDeaeription  of  a  new  8aImo  and  a  new  Potromyzon.  By  "Wm,  O.  Ayres. 
April  16,  ia'>5.  <  PrtK.  Cal.  Acad.  8ci.,  v.  I,  pp.  43^5,  18u:>;  '^d  eil.,  pp. 
42-14,  1873. 

pi.  ap.  ilainia  rimilans,  Patromyam  eitiatiw.] 

Notice  upon  the  Viviparoua  Fishes  iubabiting  tbe  Pacific  const  uf  North  Amei^ 
ica,  with  an  enn&ioration  of  the  apeoirM  observed.  By  Chaxlea  Oirard. 
April  24,  1866.     <Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.,  v.  7,  pp.  niH-tK.!,  1-55. 

IK.n.  ■ada.ap.i-J.  £'m&Mf£MM  WetbiiJUa),^  £m6iAtoMOPn«/a{a9t),8u£MMo£orap#npiai- 
Mw  M21I.  7.  DamaUehlkyt  <ii.  ft.t  vtuca  {ViX),  *.  j|6#ona40.  jf)  TftnthrlSffSii  (SSS),  11.  £»nieh. 
thV»  (Q.K..  3211,  KnnithUnfM  m^yaUtpM  {'.123),  19.  KnnfWUApf  Btgrmmmi  (333).] 

ITraaalab^d  iutn  Oermao  by  Dr,  Tmiichcil  sh  (ttlltiwii,— ] 

TVbftr  die  b'twndig  gcbiirondeu  Ftsche  an  der  Wealktiste  von  Nordauiorika. 
Vou  Charles  Girard.  (Procei«diuga  of  tbe  Aca<leniy  of  uut.  sc  of  PMIa- 
delphin  April  18.V>.)  IVlKjrsetzt  vorn  Heruiibgeber  [Prof.  Dr.  Tmachftl), 
<ArcUiT  fUr  Naturgeaohichte,  Ml.  Jahrg.,  B.  1,  pp.  342-354  [tiumb.  344], 
1665. 


24 

1995— t  Description  of  a  Gasturoateim  believed  to  be  new.  and  on  tbe  American  xpe- 
cies  of  the  genua.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayres.  April  30,  1855.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Add. 
Sci.,  V.  1,  pp.  47-4-(,  1855;  2d  ed.,  pp.  4G-47, 1873. 

f  N.  «p.  Otuterotteut  serntui ;  UAtne  OtuUrosteui  dekayi  proposed  for  Gtuterottouu  tfiacu- 
Itaiua  DeEay.l 

f  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Apodicbtbjs.  By  WUliam  O.  Ayres,  M.  D. 
May  21,  1855.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  55-50, 1855;  2d  ed.,  pp.  54- 
5.5,  1873. 

[N.  Bp.  SpodichthyM  viraceni.] 

t  Description  of  a  new  generic  type  of  Blennoids.   By  William  O.  Ayres,  M.  D 
June  4,  1855.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  08-59, 1855 ;  2d  ed.,pp.  5t^59, 
187.1. 
[N.  sp.  O^tdiehAj/M  criatageUti.] 

t  Description  of  a  new  Carangoid  fisb.    By  WUllam  O.  Ayreo,  M.  D.    July 
2,  1855.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  62-63, 1865 ;  2d  od.,  p.  64, 1873. 
IN.  ip.  Oaranx  tj/mmetrieua.} 

t  Deetcription  of  a  new  species  of  Wbiting.    By  William  O.  Ayres,  M.  D. 
July  16, 1855.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Set.,  v.  1,  p.  64,  1855;  2d  ed.,  pp.  65-66, 
187.J. 
I N.  sp.  Merlat^uM  produettu.} 

*  Description  of  a  fish,  representing  a  typo  entirely  new  to  our  waters.  By 
Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.  Aug.  6,  1855,  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  66-07, 
1855;  2ded.,  p.  69,  1873. 

[X.  Bp.  Saurtu  fuoiooept.] 

*  Description  of  a  new  npecies  of  Cramp  fish.  By  William  O.  Ayres,  M.  D. 
SepS.  10,  1855.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1 ,  pp.  70-71, 1855 ;  2d  ed.,  pp.  74-75, 
1873. 

IN.  ep.  Torpedo  cal\fomica.] 

tOu  a  viviparous  Osb  from  Japan.  By  Louis  AgEiBsiz.  Sept.  11,  1855. 
<Proc.  Am.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sci.,  v.  3,  p.  204,  1855. 

'A  Flying  Fisb,  Exocwlus  fatdatwf  Le  Suenr,  from  tbe  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  30"^ 
06'  N.,long.  113°  02'\V.  [Gulf  of  California],  presented  by  Dr.  Lanszweert." 
Sept.  24,  1855.     <Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  n-73,  1855. 

1  Description  of  u  Sliark  of  new  guouric  type.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D. 
Oct.  8,  Irtoo.  <Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  72-73,  1855;  2d  ed.,  pp. 
76-77,  1873. 

[K.  sp.  Notorkynchtu  maeulatu*.] 

*  Remarks  conccrnitig  a  collection  of  fishes  made  by  Lieut.  W.  P.  Trowbridge 
at  or  ne:ir  C:ipe  FUttcry,  W.  T.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.  Oct.  22,  180.^ 
<  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  p.  74,  1855;  2ded.,  p.  79,  1873. 

[10  speclea  eDumerated.] 

tOn  a8nppo«e<l  new  genus  of  Cottoids.    By  Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.    Dec.  24, 
1855.    < Proc.  Ca!.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  1,  pp.  7&-77,  1855 ;  2d  ed.,  pp.  Hi-82,  1873. 
[N.  Bp.  CalyeOfpidotuM  xpinonw,  Aeor]N»mefttky«  lafarolt*  Gnl. = CalyeUepidifttu  lattraliit.] 


25 

IS  so — Cuntribndons  to  the  Ichthyology  of  the  We'itoin  Coast  of  tbe  United  States. 
from  specimens  in  the  Musonm  of  BmithHooiaD  Institution.  By  Chailos 
airard.  M.  D.  June  S4,  1856.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  v.  8,  pp. 
131-137,  1855. 

[N.  g.  and  n.  ap.  PartUabrax  (n.  g.,  131),  Homa'opomtu  in.  g.)  Trowbridijii  H:'H,  Oligo- 
wtau  (n.  g.,  132)  mocuionw  (133),  Ltioeottu§  (□.  g.)  hinmdo  (1;13),  Artedtus  (n.  g.,  134).  Artf- 
diuM  notO¥pilolu$  (13-1),  Sebastea  melanopt  <135},  Oplopoma  ivt-sr.)  pantkerina  (133),  Oatle- 
rmiteut  inttrinediua  <13S),  Oattertmtetu  pugetti  <13.')),  GobiuM  Xeicberryi  (13C),  J^mbioUca  argy- 
rvoma  (13C).  Oortgtnwu  WiUianuoni  (13fi>,  Platichihyi  umbro$wi  (13R},  I'teunnichthyii  gutlu- 
latut  (137),  Amntodyte* peT$onat%u  (137),  Ithitutplera  vatpertilio  (131).] 

Hesearches  upon  the  Cyprinoids  iubabiting  tbe  Crush  water  Fishes  of  tbe  United 
States  of  America,  west  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  from  »peciiiiens  in  tbe 
Musenoiof  the  Smithaoniim  Inetitutiou.  By  Charles  Oirard,  M.  D.  Sept. 
30,  1856.    <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  v.  8,  pp.  165--13,  1850. 

[S.g.  and  D.  sp.  MylockeUut  fraterculut  (1G9),  Catottomus  (Acotnun,  n.  e.  {;.)  gaicromu 
(174),  OattatomuM  maeroekeiluM  (175),  Caioatomtu  bemardini  (175),  Algaruea  (o.  r.),  Algan- 
••a  Moolor  (Iffl),  Algantea  obeaa  (183),  Algan»«a  /otmoita  (ie;t).  Lavinia  harcniju*  {ISA), 
Argyrnu  nuAibu  (186),  ArgyrvuM  o»eulu9  (li^C),  Ariryreut  notabUia  (\8G),  Agonia  (□.  g.).  Agoaia 
ekryaogatter  ^^^^^),  Agotia  meCoUica  (lti7).  ifrda  in.  p.)  fubjida  {\9i),  Riehardsonxua  (e.g.) 
taUralis  (S02),  Tiaroga  (n.  g.)  eobitia  (304),  Ttgotna  (d.  g).  Tigoma  bicolor  {-MG),  Tigoj/iapuT' 
purea  (306).  Tigotna  intermedia  (30C),  Tigoma  obaa  (20()),  Tiffoma  Uwnboldti  (VO(i),  Tiguri.a 
Uneata  (*J06},  Z^onus  graeilis  (20ti),  IVf^oma  nigreacemt  <stU7),  Tigoma  eramni  ('J07),  CA^rmda 
(D.X-).  CAeonda  Oboperi  (207),  CA«o)Kfa  ccenilea  (S07),  5i&0't  a  (d.  g.)  atraria  i^d),  I'lyehoclti- 
hu  rapax  («3),  iYj/eAoeA«iftt«  luettM  (:209),  FfycAocAnJiu  vorax  iiO'J).] 

N6tiO';  apon  tbe  Species  of  tbe  Genus  Salnio  of  nutLors,  olii^erved  cbielly  iu 
Orefron  and  California.  By  CharlcB  Girard,  M.  D.  Oct.  '.^8,  18136.  <Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  v.  8,  pp.  217-220.  1856. 

IJT.  Bp.  &Umo  $peetabUi$  121^),  Fario  aurora  (218),  Fario  argyretus  (JU),  FaritfhUliattfi 
(S19),  aalar  Lewiai  (-219),  Solar  ci  girMiis  {it^).] 

33d  Congrese,  ]  SdSession.SHoueeof  Representatives. 5Ex.  Doc.  |  No.  t)7.  |  =  [  . 
Narrative  |  of]  the  Exi^uditioQ  of  an  Am(->rican  Squadron  |  To  |  ilm  China 
Seas  and  Japan,  |  jwrfonned  in  tho  ,voars  I85'3,  185'.i.  and  IS'Jl,  [  niidrr  the 
comniandcf  |  Comnioiloro  M.C.Perry,  Uoited  Stiitt-sNavy,  |  h\  \  cider  of  the 
(iovernmentof  the  United  States.  |  —  [  Volnnici  II.     With  illiistiations.  I  — 
I  Wushiufftou:  |  A.  O.  P.  Nicbolsou,  primer.  |  1856.     [4°,  4  p.  1.,  -114  i)p. ; 
[Tivuty,]  2  p.  1.,  14  pp.;  [Index,]  iti-xi  jip.,  I  I.] 
Notes  on  some  figures  of  Japanese  Fisb,  talven  Irora  recent  spet-inieii-^  l-y 
tho  artists  of  the  U.  S.  Japan  Expedition.    By  J^iai^a  Carson  Urc- 
voort.    (pp.  25.'}-256,  pi.  iii-xil.) 
ICoDtAins  notice  of  Ditrcma  acd  first  nolici^  of  llia  rccoguitiou  of  tbo  f.Iaiiiiy  bulwi-co 
the  EoibiotocoidB  of  Califoruln  and  tbo  JapaucHe  genuH.] 

3;kl  Congn-ss,  2d  Session.  \  Senate,  j  Ex.  Uoc.  No.  78.  ]  ^  |  Keporis  ]  of  |  Kxplo- 
ratiouB  and  Surveys,  j  to  |  ascurtaiii  tbe  most  practieablu  and  eco-.ioniical  routu 
forarailroad  |  fromthe  |  Mississippi  River  to  the  Pacilic  Ocean  |  made  under 
the  direction  of  tbe  Serrctary  of  War,  |  in  ]H&:>-4,  |  r.cct)Tdin«  icj  acisi  f  Cou- 
greeaofMarcha,  185:i,May:U,lH,*)4,andAugn8t5,lH54.  |  —  |  VoIiinieV.  |  —  | 
Wa.*»hington:  |  Beverley  Tucker,  Printer.  |  IHuIJ. 
Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  railroad  route  from  tho  MinsisKippi  Kiv(^r 
to  the  Pacitic  Ocean.  |  War  Department.  |  — -  |  H(!nteftinC;;liloini;i,tocou- 
nect  witb  tbo  routes  near  the  thirty-tilth  and  ibirty-seooiid  |  parallels. 
explored  by  Lieut.  U.  S.  Williamson,  Corps  Top(*J;ra|>hieal  ICii^jineeis,  in 
165:i.  I  —  I  Geological  report,  ]  by  |  William  P.  Bhike,  |  Geolegist  and 
Mineralogist  of  the  ExiXKlition.  |  [With  appendix.]  |  —  |  Wasljin;,'ton, 
D.  C.  I  1857.  = 

ApiMiudix. — Article  I.    Notice  of  thu  fassil  tisbeo. — By  Piofessor  Louia 
AgasBix.— (pp.  313-316,  and  1  plate  (*'  Fossils  plate  1") ) 


26 


1 856— S.;J  CuDgmta,  |  2(1  Seesioo.  j  Senate,  j  Ex.  Doo.  |  Ko,  7a  =  Re;Kirl8  |  uf  |  Explo- 
miiooaanUSurveys,  |  to  |  nBcerlainthemostpiActicubleimdecoDODiioalrouTt) 
foramilniad  |  fiutu  ibe  |  Mitimiutippi  Kivurto  tbe  Fucific  Ooeau  |  madciintltir 
Ilu«  ilirt-cliuii  nf  the  Sftcri'tai^y  of  War,  iu  |  lB5:(-4,  |  according  to  octH  of  Cou- 
grew  of    Mnrch  :i,  IrtThl,   Muy  31,  1854,  luid  Aiiaiwl  .^i,   ia'>4.  |  —  |  Volume 
JV.  I  —  I  \Vu*Iii[JKlOM:  I  Beverlvy  Tucker,  Printer.  |  IdoO. 
Expturutiuiia  aud  surveys  fur  n  railroad  rout^o  fruiu  tbu  MiwlbHippi  River 
lo  tli«  Pacifle  Otu-uu.  |  War  Departuioiit.  |  =  (  Route  utmv  thi*  tbiny-fifth 
parallel,  expture4l  by  Lieut.  A.  \V.  Whipple,  TofOj^rapbicul  |  En^iueera, 
iu  I8rt3aiid  lf<»l.  |  —  |  Report  oq  tbo  zuology  of  Ibe  expedilioii.  |  —  t 
WaahinKion,  t).  C.  |  185C.  =  [17  pp.,  H.] 
\d.  1. — Field  imlea  and  explaaationa. — Ily  C.  D.  R.  Kennerly,  M.  D,, 
Pbyaiciaa  oud  Naturalbit  to  tbe  Expedition. — 1»^>.  ;»-I7. 
1857— Tbo  Mortbwe»t  Coaat;  or,  Tbree  Years'  Residence  in  WuabiDKton  Territory. 
By  Jamea  O,  Swan.     [Fi^urunf  tvrr,  seal.]    Witb  numuronn  lUnHiraliooa, 
New  York:  Harper  &.  Brotbera,  Publiahera,  Fruokliu  Square.     1H57.     [12^i 
4'35  pp.  (incl.  'iH  tigs,  and  pi.},  froDtiapiece,  I  map.] 

[PopiiluT  DotioM  of  flMbM— MpfN:la]ly  BAlmaD  and  flshuis  for  aalmao — are  glveti  la  obap- 
ler«3, 7.0.aBdH.)  * 

*  Accouut  of  Hoiiie  obMervaLiuua  ou  tbe  development  of  Anublepa  Gronnvii^  aa 
compartHl  with  tbat  of  tlie  Etubiotocao  of  California.  Dy  Jeffries  'Wymsm* 
Nov.  18,  IKi7.     <  Proc.  Boatou  Soc.Nut.  Hist.,  v.  6,  p.  !W4,  Jan.  11*^". 

Notice  apon  tmw  Oenora  aud  new  Species  of  Marioe  and  Freab-water  Fiabea 
from  WcstLTii  Nurtb  Ainurica.  By  Charlea  Oixaxd,  M.  D.  Nov.  24,  It^T. 
,     <rroc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.,  v.  9,  pp.  •20U-3lt'.i,  Nov.  Ki?. 

(K.ff.  ai.d  &.  pp.  Chiroytit  (n.  p;.,  SOU,  OtiooeoUtu  anatin  (30h.  OtigoeoUt  gMietpi  (401/, 
ZaniaiiptM  {a.  ii.)  lat^inntM  {-Mil,  Blepritu  oetdnfaMiaiuM  ('Ji>2).] 

33d  Congn  m,  |  2d  Sefutiou.  ]  Houatn.  [  Kx.  Due.  |  No.  7rt.  |  =  |  Rc|>ortM  [  of  |  Ex- 
plurationa  aud  Surveya,  |  to  |  aacertain  tbe  tuottt  practicable  aud  ecouomiciil  j 
routo  for  a  railroad  |  from  ibe  ]  Miaaiaeippi  River  to  tbe  Pacific  Occnn.  | 
Ma4lt*  iiiitler  tbe  direction  of  tbe  Secretary  of  War,  in  |  l^i^-Q,  \  occortliugto 
AotH  of  Con;^p«aa  of  iklarcb  :t,  iMo:),  May  31, 18r>t,  and  Auguat  5,  iHot.  |  —  | 
Volume  VI.  |  —  |  WaabiuKtou  :  |  Bovtsrley  Tucker,  Printer.  ]  1857.  ■ 

Explorations  aritl  i^nrveyA  for  a  Railroad  Route  from  tbe  MiasiaHippi  Rive^fl 
to  tbe  Pacilic  Ocean.  |  War  Department.  |  =  |  Routea  lu  Ciiliforni » nud 
Oretfou  explored  by  Lieut.  R.  S.  Willlamaon.  Corpa  of  Topocrapbiajil  | 
Engtueer^,  aud  Lieut.  Henry  L.  Abbo»>  Corps  of  Topographical  Kngin-^ 
eep-,  lu  1H55.  (  —  |  Zoological  Rep4irt.—  !  Waabington,  D.  C.  |  I*»7.  |  -=-^ 
No.  1.     Report    upon    FlHhea  coUeoted  on  tbo  Survey. —By  Charles 
Olrard,  M.  D.— pp.  ^»-34,  witb  plates  xxii  u,  xxii  ft,  xxv  d,  xxv  &,  xl 
a,  xlvi,  Ixii,  Ixvi,  Uviii,  Ixx,  Ixxiv. 

Report  ou  the  fauna  and  medical  topography  of  Waahinglou  Territory.  Bi 
Oeo.  Suoklej,  M.  D.  May,  la57.  <  Trana.  Am.  Med.  Aaaoc.,  v.  10,  pp.  181- 
217,  lf«7. 

[Flihaft  noiloal  at  pp.  ttft-MS.] 

1898 — Deacriptiou  of  aevoral  now  apecioi  of  Balmotiidie  from  tbo  nortb-wvat 

of  America.     By  0«orge  Suokley.  M.  D,    Read  December  6, 1856.    <Ani 
Lyo.  Nat.  Hist^  New  York,  v.  7,  pp.  I-IO,  Irtlia, 

|N'.  up.  flulmw  aObtii  (1),  Stdmo  tnmtMtm*  (3),  HiUmc  gObtf  (8).  Satmo  ans^iuntUM  (ft, 

lebtbyotugical  Noiicea.  by  Cbaa.  Olraid.  M.  U>    Dec.  Sf*,  165a.    <  Proc.  Acad.) 
Nat.  Scl.  Phtlu.,  vol.  10.  pp.  22:t-225,  Dec.  1858. 

M  M,  n.  apt "  ntrto  XnBharii,  ur  elae  8»tm»  JfiwtmU  "  (tK4\ 


27 

1.838 — DeDkvrfirdigUeiteo  einer  Reise  naob  dem  rawiscben  Amcrika,  nach  Hikro- 
nesien  and  durch  Kamtsobatka.  Von  T.  B.  ▼.  KittUtz. — Enter  Bond 
[ — Zweiter  Band]. — Gotba.  Yerlag  von  JaBtns  PeztLes.  li^.  [b°,  voI.i, 
xvi,  383  pp.,  2  pi. ;  vol.  ii,  2  p.  1.,  463  pp.,  2  pi.] 

189»--334!  Con^eas,  |  2d  Sesaion.  j  Senate.  |  Ex.  Doo.  {  No.  78.  |  —  |  Beporte  |  of  |  Ex- 
plorations and  Surveys,  )  to  |  ascertain  tbe  most  practicable  and  economical 
ronte  fur  a  railroad  |  from  tbe  |  Hiasissippi  River  to  tbe  Faciflo  Ocean.  | 
Made  ander  tbe  direction  of  the  Seoretary  of  War,  in  |  1853-0,  |  according  to 
Acte  of  Congress  of  March  3, 1853,  May  31, 1854,  and  Angngt  5, 1854.  f  -^  | 
Volume  X.  I  —  |  Washington  :  !  Beverley  Tacker,  Printer.  |  1859. 
Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  railroad  routo  from  tbe  Mississippi  River 
to  tbe  Pacific  Ocean.  |  War  Department,  j  —  |  Fishes:  by  Charles  Ol- 
rard,  M.  D.  |  —  I  Washington,  B.  C.  |  1858.*  =  [xiv,  400  pp.,  with  plates 
vii-viii,  xiii-xiv,  xvii,  xviii,  xxii  o,  xxvi,  xxix,  xxx,  xxxiv,  xxxvii, 
xl,  xli,  xlviii,  liil,  lix,  Ixi,  Ixiv,  Ixv,  Ixxi.] 

[N.  g.  MnA  n.  ap.  OUffoeottus  globieepM  (56),  JfauH^itkyt  (d.  g.,  74),  Amblodon  xoCumtu  (Otf), 
PMflMy<  Uneotata  (106),  IVaeAuruff  boopi  (108),  Spkippu*  zonatut  (110),  Keodinut  (n.  e.,  ill), 
*Neoeiinu»  BlancAordi  (1L4),  Xipkidion  (mg.,  119),  Xipkidion  mueoium  (110),  Ophidion  Tay- 
lori  <13t;},  Parfdiehthtf*  <□.  g.,  140),  Tigoma  egregia  (dSl).  ThatticAthya  (d.  p.,  3-25),  ThaUiehtkyt 
StMvenMii  (%{.>},  Engraulit  nanut  (335),  Ungrauh*  eompreatus  (336),  Tttraodon  poUttu  (340), 
Bippoeamptu  ingen§  (349),  ByngiMOtut  Abboti  (346),  SynffnaUiut  arandinaceua  (346),  JRaja 
Cooperi  (373),  Pefremyxim  lixiduM  (379),  P«tron^zon  aatori  (360),  Ammoctxlt*  etbariua  (383). t 

Ab  this  report  brings  op  oar  knowledge  of  the  0«h  fauna  of  the  Pacifio  coaat  slope  of 
the  noitcd  States  to  tlie  time  of  it*  pablioation,  and  ma  ks  au  epoch  in  the  ichi  hyogmpby 
of  tbe  region  io  qneBtior,  the  species  described  are  herelci1>eIow  enumiirated  Of  the 
■everal  ooloton^  (1)  tho  first  contains  the  family  name,  (3)  the  second  tbe  generic.  (3)  tbe 
third  tiie  spedflo,  and  (4)  the  right  hand  one,  the  page  where  the  species  are  described  :— 

Order  I.— ACANTHOPTBRI. 


Perclda 


Tracbinida 
Bphymnidie 
Heterolepidida 


Cottida 


Ambloplites 

intemiptns 

10 

Paralabrax 

nebnlifer 

33 

clathratTU 

34 

Heterostlcbns 

rostratoa 

36 

Spbynena 

argentea 

39 

Cbiropsis 

constellatns 

43 

pictQS 

43 

gnttatns 

44 

nebn  loans 

45 

Oplopoma 

pantberinn 

40 

Ophlodon 

•loogatQB 

48 

Oottopsia 

asper 

51 

gnlosos 

M 

pamiB 

?4 

Oligocottns 

macn  loans 

50 

aualia 

57 

glohlceps 

58 

Leptocottus 

armatns 

iio 

Leiocnttns 

birando 

63 

ScorpieDicbtbys 

marmoratas 

64 

Aspioottas 

bison 

66 

HemllopidotuB 

spInoBns 

6fl 

Artedina 

Utrrale 

70 

*  General  Report  upon  the  Zoology  of  tbe  several  Pacifio  R^Iruad  Ronton.    Part  IV. 

t  Dionda  grUta  (330),  "from  twenty  miles  west  of  Chcctaw  agency",  i«  the  only  other  low  i>pecies' 


?8 


Order  I.-ACANTUOPTERI-^oDtinuod. 


CotUde 

AnedioB 

DOtoapilotDi 

71 

ZaDiolepiM 

latipiDDla 

73 

Nautichthys 

oculo-faaclitfaa 

75 

Soorpsnide 

Scorpsena 

gDttata 

77 

Sebastea 

rosaceos 

78 

fuciatoa 

79 

• 

aarlcolatDS 

go 

molaoops 

81 

panclepinia 

83 

Oaateroe^ide 

Gaateroateiu 

plebeias 

80 

aerratos 

88 

■ 

intermediua 

89 

Inopioatua 

90 

microcepbalua 

91 

pufietti 

93 

WUDamaonii 

93 

SoiBDidB 

AmblodoD 

aaturDUB 

98 

LetostoiDoa 

lineatiia 

99 

UmbriDA 

nndutau 

101 

Athe.'inidB 

Athcirinopsls 

calif umienais 

103 

Si^ombridaj 

Scomber 

diego 

105 

Pelamya 

linoolata 

10(1 

Tracbarna 

aymmetriciia 

107 

boopa 

108 

SquamipennM 

Bpbippna 

zonatoa 

i:o 

BlODDide 

BleDDlua 

geatilis 

ii:t 

Neocllnua 

BUocbardi 

lU 

OaUDelliu 

omatDS 

IM 

Apodicbtbya 

flartdos 

117 

rireacena 

IIK 

Xiphidioo 

mncosoB 

im 

Cebtdicbtbys 

vlolaceaa 

m 

Iiumpenna 

aDgaillariB 

133 

Anarrbicbtbya 

felis 

135 

OobidfB 

GoblDB 

lepidaa 

137 

Nowberri 

138 

Cyclop  toridiB 

Lepadoganter 

mcandrloua 

130 

Cyclogaator 

palcbcllaa 

13i 

BatraohidK 

Poricbthya 

notatoa 

134 

Order  II.-AXACANTniNI. 

Suborder  I.— A  pokes. 

Ophididre 

OphidiOD 

Taylori 

<38 

AmmoUytoa 

pcrsoiiatUH 

139 

SubtiMler  11. — 'riioitAcici. 

Oadidie 

UrottmiuB 

tnargiuatus 

141 

Mirlaiiftus 

productus 

141 

Morrhua 

prozitua 

143 

Uomalopomua 

TrowbrldRii 

144 

Plenronectlde 

Platesaa 

biliut-ata 

146 

Paralicblbya 

maciilcHiia 

147 

Platicbtbya 

mcosua 

148 

Dmbrosaa 

149 

PlearoDlcbtbya 

caDoaoa 

151 

gnttiitatna 

159 

Facophrya 

Totalus 

153 

Paettlohtbya 

melauoatiotas 

154 

•ordidaa 

U5 

29 


Owler  in.-PHARTKGOGNATHI. 

Sabocder  I.— MALACOPTEKTon. 
SoombcTCMMstds      Belone  exllis 

Soborder  II.— Acanthoptertgc. 


Order  IV.-PHTSOSTOMI  or  MALACOPTBRL 
Saborder  II.— ADUOiORAUBa. 
«JT1»riuld«  Tf&te  nf  Oyprini. 


156 


Pomaoontrid« 

GlyphiBodoB 

mblcanduB 

161 

LabitdjB 

Labrus 

palcber 

163 

JnliH 

iDodestus 

im 

Kinblotoooida 

Embiotoca 

JacksoDi 

169 

Caiwidli 

171 

Webbi 

ITJ 

• 

UneaU 

17^ 

ornata 

176 

peraplcabiUa 

178 

argyrosoma 

i?o 

Damalichtbys 

vacca 

\8i 

PhaoerodoD 

fnrcataa 

184 

-AbeoDk 

Trowbridgii 

im 

Rbacocbilaa 

toxotes 

188 

Hystcrocarpus 

Traskli 

190 

HolcoDotua 

rbodoteroB 

19:1 

Ennictbys 

megolopn 

197 

HeermnDDi 

190 

AmphiBticbua 

arsenteus 

301 

slmiUs 

303 

Hylocbeiloa 

caarinuB 

313 

lateralis 

S14 

fratcrculiis 

215 

Mylopbarodoo 

conocephaloB 

218 

roboBtua 

S16 

Tribe  of  Catostomi. 

Afwmns 

fCeDoroBiiB 

221 

Catoatomaa 

OOCtdOQUliS 

224 

, 

labiutua 

224 

laaorocbeilDS 

325 

IVifce  of  Ohondriitomi. 

Ortbodoa  mtcrolepi  dolus        S37 

AI^Dsea                    bicolor  338 

obosa  239 

formosa  239 

LaviDia                     exUlcauda  241 

barenfcns  343 


Tribe  of  Pogonichthi. 

Arftyreaa 

dalcia 

343 

nubilQS 

244 

PofCoDlcbtbys 

inffiqnilobaB 

245 

aymmetrioai 

340 

, 

ar^reiosuB 

346 

oomtDonla 

347 

30 


Order  IV.-PHTSOSTOMI  or  MALACOPTERI-CoDtlaoed. 

GjprlnidjB 


Balmonidtt 


TrilMnfAlbumi. 

CTprineUa 

OnDDlwni 

987 

• 

IngnbrU    . 

an 

Indibnnda 

S71 

RlehardaoDlu 

balteatiu 

876 

totemlU 

ten 

Laxilu 

oooidaiitiiUs 

9S0 

QUft 

robtut* 

885 

•legAU 

9B6 

grmoUis 

asT 

TiKmn* 

ooDfimnia 

389 

btootot 

360 

obeM 

9M 

bamboIdU 

891 

•gwgi* 

891 

Un»at* 

898 

oraau 

803 

893 

CblondA 

Cooperi- 

•m 

««Brn1e» 

39S 

Biboow 

orauloandA 

396 

atnria 

S9T 

PtycboebcUiu 

or^onanais 

896 

gnuidia 

990 

mpuc 

390 

Torwt 

301 

Tnndaliu 

parripiimto 

303 

Bftlmo 

Scoaleri 

SOS 

qnlDiutt 

308 

•pMtabilii 

ay 

Fulo 

anroni 

SOD 

Unppitoh 

310 

argyraiu 

3U 

Oairdneri 

313 

Glarkii 

3M 

Mtellatiu 

316 

Sftlir 

Tirslnalis 

320 

irldea 

3»1 

OMn«nu 

pretiosDS 

334 

Tludeicbthja 

Stcveoal 

335 

CoregODiu 

WIlHanuoDi 

396 

Laorns  (Laartd*) 

lociocopa 

3S8 

Clapea 

mirabilia 

399 

UeletU 

MBralea 

330 

EagnaiiB 

inordax 

334 

nanna 

335 

deUoatiHiiniu 
omnpreamu 

335 
335 

Soopelldv 

ClDpoldB 


Ordar  V.— PLKCTOONATHI. 

BaliatldB  BaUatea  

OTnmodoutldB        Tatraodon  poUtoa 

Order  VI.— LOPHOBRAXCHn. 
Hliipooainplda        Hlppocampaa  InxeDa 

Syacnatlilda  STBgoiUhsa  aaUfoniloiiaia 

bretvlroatrla 
lep^byaehoa 
Abboa 


340 

349 
344 
345 
S45 
940 
S4i 


31 


Order  VIL-GA:J0U)EI. 

Sttnionlda              AcipeiMer                bi-acbyrfayncliiu  330 

truumonUnna  3SS 

acDtirostria  35S 

medlroatris  3Stt 

Onler  Vlir.— HOLOCTEPHALI. 

ChlnuDridiB  Cbimsra  ColUei  SdO 

Order  IX.-PLAGIOSTOMI. 

Suborder  L— j£qdau. 


Scylliodontlde 

Triakia 

aemlfasolatea 

308 

MDsteUd* 

Uaatelna 

felia 

364 

CeatTMiontida 

Ceatracloa 

franoiaol 

365 

Notidanidn 

Heptanohoa 

maonlatna 

3(17 

Sploeoidn 

Aoaatfalaa 

SaokUt 

368 

Sdborderll.- 

-Rajm. 

Bblnobfttida 

Rbioobotiaa 

prodnctna 

370 

Tnrpedinidffi 

Xarclne 

.   oalifomioa 

371 

Baud* 

RjOa 

oooperi 

379 

Uraptera 

blnooDlatft 

373 

UyllobatldJB 

Bbinoptera 

TeapertUio 

375 

Order  X-DERMOPTKHI. 

Baborder  MAmroBKAlfCHn  ».  Ctcuwtoki. 

PetromyioDtidB 

FetromTum 

trideoUtu 

377 

ciliatna 

378 

Uridoa 

379 

plambeaa 

380 

aatori 

380 

Ammoootea 

oibwina 

383 

Explorations  and  Sarvejs  for  a  Railroad  roate  from  the  MissisBippi  River 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  |  War  Department.  [  ^^  \  Route  near  the  33;h  and 
39th  parallels,  explored  .by  Captain  J.  W.  Gunnison,  and  near  the  4lBt  | 
parallel,  explored  by  Lieutenant  E.  G.  Beckwith.  |  —  |  Zoological  Re- 
port.* I  —  I  Washington.  D.C.  |  1857.  |  =:  |  'The  report  to  which  the  pres- 
ent article  belongs  will  be  found  in  Vol.  II  of  the  series. 
No.  4.    Report  on   Fishes   collected  on    the  Survey. — By  Charles 
Oirard,M.D. — (pp.  21-27,  with  pi.  xxiii,  xllx,  liv,  Ivi,  Ixxiii,  Ixxv.) 
Explorations  and  surveys  for  a  railroad  route  from  the  Mississippi  River 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  |  War  Department.  |  =  |  Route  near  the  thirty- 
fifth  parallel,  explored  by  Lienteuant  A.  W.  Whipple,  Topographical  ] 
Engineers,  in  1853  and  1854.  |  —  |  Zoological  Report.  |  —  |  Washington, 
D.  C.  I  1859.  I  == 
No.  5.  Report  upon  Fishes  collected  on  the  Survey. — By  C.  Qirard, 
M.  D.— pp.  (47-59,  with  pi.   iii-vi,   ix,  x,  xxi,  xiiT,   xxv,  xxxv, 
xlfr,  lii,  Ivii,  Iviii.) 

Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  Railroad  Route  from  the  Mississippi  River 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  I  War  Department.  |  —  |  Routes  iu  California,  tti 
connect  with  the  routes  near  tUo  thirty-fifth  and  thirty-second  I  parallels, 
explored  by  Lieut.  R.  S.  Williamson,  Corps  of  Top.  Eng.,  in  1853.  |  —  | 
Zoological  Report.  |  —  {  Washington,  D.  C.  |  1859.  = 
No.  4.  Report  ou  Fishes  collected  on  the  Survey. — By  Cliarlea  Gixard, 
M.D.— (pp.  83-91,  with  pLii,  xii,  xxii,  xxvii.  xxviii,  xxxi,  xxxvi, 
xxxviii,  xzxix,  xlvii.) 


32 

JI950— On  some  Dtiusual  muduH  of  gestation  in  Batracbiaoft  and  Finbeii.  By  Je&ies 
"Wyman.  <  Am.  Joura.  Sci.  and  Arts,  (2),  v.  27,  pp.  5-13,  Jan.,  1859 ;  re- 
printed <  Can.  Nat.,  v.  5,  pp.  42-49,  1860 ;  Zoologist,  v.  18,  pp.  7173-7179, 
18b0. 

Ichthyological  Notices.  By  Cliajles  Olrard,  M.  D.  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Pbila.,  1859. 

§  5-27,  Feb.  22. 1659,  v.  10,  pp.  56-58, 1859. 

i  ■■Jd-40,  Marcli  29, 1859,  T.  10,  ]>p.  100-104, 1850. 

i  41-^9,  April  •^6,  1h59,  t.  10,  pp.  llU-tSit.  1859. 

§  tiO-r7,  May  31, 1659,  v.  10,  pp.  157-161, 1659. 

[N.  8p.  A'eodiniu  tatirieu*  (§  5,  p.  56),  Myriehthyt  tiffrinu*  ({^  A,  p.  58).} 

tOn  new  tisbes  of  the  Californian  coast.  By  ^Vm  O.  Ayros,  M.  D.  Oct. 
17, 1859.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  2,  pp.  25-32, 1809. 

[X.  Bp.  Sebiutesnigrooinctut,  Sebastttt  hdvoinaetilatut,  Sebtutra ehmgattu,  AnopLpoma  (□.£.) 
merlatifftu,  StereyUpii  (□.  g.)  ffigtu,  JSquaUna  cali/omiea,  Sippoglatnu  eal^omieus,  J/urcma 
mordax,  OrthagorUexta  analU.  Julia  aemieinettta.] 

Catalogue  of  tbo  Fisbes  in  tbe  Britisb  Museum..  By  Albert  Qiinther,  .... 
Volume  first.  London:  printed  by  order  of  tbe  trustees.  18o9.  [August] 
At  first  only  entitled: — Catalogue  of  tbe  Acantbopterygian  Fisbos  in  tbe 
collection  of  ibe  Dritisb  Museum.  By  Dr.  Albert  Qimtlier.  Volume  firat. 
Gasterost'eidiB,  Berycidce,  Percidffi,  Apfaredoderida),  Prist ipomat idle,  Mullids, 
SpariduB.  London:  printed  by  order  of  the  Trustees.  18r.9.  [General  title 
-|-  xzxix,  524  pp.~10«.] 

1 860— Salmon  Fishery  on  tbe  Sacramento  River.  By  C.  A  Kirkpatrick.  <  Hutch- 
iugs's  California  Magazine,  v.  4,  pp.  529-534,  June,  1860. 

t  Notes  on  Fishes  previonsly  described  in  tbe  Proceedings,  with  figures  of  Heven. 
By  V<»-  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.  July  2,  1860.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  2,  pp. 
52-59,  1860. 

[X.  g.  Hatiaa  for  Srtmniu*  margmatut.] 

Beitriige  zur  Kcnntniss  der  Gobioiden.  Von  Frans  Steindacbaer.  (Mit  1 
Tafel.)  <^SitzungHb.  matheoQ.-naturw.  Classe  [K.  Akad.  WisHenscb.]  Torn 
12.  Juli  18U0,  xlii.  Band,  No.  23,  Sltzuug  vom  18.  October  1860,  pp.  233-292. 

*  Description  of  new  fishes.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.  Aug.  6, 18(i0.  <|Proc. 
Cal.  Acad.  Si.,  v.  2,  pp.  60-64,  1860. 

[N.  Bp.  TrichodoA  lineatiu,  Oamerus  thaleiehthya,  with  fi^nrea.] 

Catalogue  of  tbe  Fishes  in  tbe  British  Museum.  By  Albert  Oiinther,  .... 
Volume  second.  London:  printed  by  order  of  the  trustees.  IriOO.  [Sept.] 
At  first  only  entitled: — Catalogue  of  the  Acanthopterygian  Fishes  in  the 
collection  of  the  British  Museum.  By  Dr.  Albert  Giintber,  ....  Volume 
second.  Sqnamipinnes.  Cirrhitidae,  'lYiglidee,  Tracbinidie,  Scisenidce,  Polyne- 
midie,  Sphyncnida;,  Trichinrida;,  Scombridic,  Carangidro,  Xiphiidie.  Lon- 
don :  printed  by  order  of  the  Trustees.  1860.  [General  title  +  xxi,  548  pp. 
—8*.  6(f.] 

[Not.  loo.  NoucraUa  dutioT  (374).  EehtneiM  remota  (378),  CeAen«i«  nauerattM  <3^).  N.  sp. 
Oottaa  erivigtr  (539),  AapidophOToides  inennis  (524).] 

Reports  of  Explorations  and  Surveys  to  ascertain  the  most  practicable  and 
economical  route  for  a  Railroad  from  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  made  nnder  tbe  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  lt£>3-6,  &.^. 
Vol.  X*  Washington,  1859.  Fishes;  by  Ch'irles  Girard,  M.D.  Washing- 
ton, D.C,  18&a  [Review,  by  Theodora  Olll.]  <Am.  Jonro.  Sci.  and 
Arts,  2d  series,  vol.  30,  pp.  277-281,  Sept.  1860. 


33 

M  8^0— 36th  CoDgretu,  1st  Session.  \  Senate.  ^  Ex.  Doc.  |  =  |  Reports  |  of  |  Exploral  ious 
and  Surveys  |  to  |  ascertain  the  siost  practicable  and  economical  route  for  a 
railroad  |  from  |  the  |  Mississippi  River  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Made  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  1853-5,  according  to  act  of  Couf^ess 
of  llarch  3, 1853,  May  31,  1854,  and  Aaguat  5,  1854.  |  —Volume  XII.  |  Book 
II.  I  Washington:  |  Thomas  H.  Foxd.  Printer.    1860. 

Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  Railroad  route  from  the  Mississippi  River 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  |  War  Department.  |  =  |  Route  near  the  forty- 
seventb  and  forty-ninth  parallels,  explored  by  1. 1.  Stevens,  |  Governor 
of  Washington  Territory,  in  185:J-'55.  [pp.  9-358,  70  pi.]  Zoological 
report.— Washington,  D.  C,  1800.    [viii,  (1),  399  pp.,  47  pi.] 

No.  5.— Report  upon  the  fishes  uoUeoted  on  the  survey. — By  Dr.  O. 
SnoUey,  U.  S.  A.    (pp.  307-368,  with  pi.  i,  xi,  xv,  xvi,  xix,  xx,  xxxii, 
xxxiti,  xlii,  xliii,  xliv,  I,  li,  Iv,  Ix,  ixiii,  Ixvii,  Ixix,  Ixxii,  Ixxv,  vis : 
Chapter  I.  Report  upon  the  Salmonidfe.    pp.  307-349.) 
Chapter  II.    Report  upon  the  Fishes  exclusive  of  tho  Salroonidn. 
pp.  350-368. 
tN.  ap.  Salmo  Ma$oni  <345).l 

{This  Tolame  also  appeared  wl  h  the  following  tit)6-pag«  and  modlflcationa:— j 
The  Natural  History  of  Washington  Territory,  vith  much  relating  to  Miime- 
aota,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Oregon  and  California,  between  the  thirty-Hixth  and 
forty-ninth  parallels  of  Latitude,  being  those  parts  of  the  final  Reports  on 
the  Survey  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Route,  containing  the  Climate 
and  Physical  Geography,  with  full  Catalogues  and  Descriptions  of  the  Plants 
and  Animals  collected  from  1853  to  1857.  By  J.  O.  Cooper,  M.  D.,  and  Dr. 
O.  Buckley,  U.  S.  A.,  Naturalists  to  the  Expedition.  This  edition  contains  a 
new  preface,  giving  a  sketch  of  tho  explorations,  a  classified  table  of  con- 
tents, and  the  latest  additions  by  tho  authors.  With  fifty-fivo  new  plates 
of  scenery,  botany,  and  zoology,  and  an  isothermal  chart  of  the  route. — New 
York:  BaiIlifereBrother8,440 Broadway,  [etc.]  1859.  [4°  xvii,'^.4-72  + 
Tiii,  399  pp.  (  -f  1-4  pp.  betw.  368  and  369),  61  pi.,  1  map.] 

t  Descriptions  of  the  Califoruian  Atherinidie,  with  figures  of  the  specie*!.  By 
Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D.  Oct.  1, 1860.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  ScL,  v.  *J,  pp.  73- 
77,  lyoo. 

[N'. sp.  At't^rinopi'a  afinU,  Alherinopgii  tenuis,  with  flKiires.] 

r  Descriptions  of  two  now  Sciienoids,  with  figures.    By  Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D. 
Xov.  5,  IrtGO.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  2,  pp.  77-81, 1860. 
[S.  fs.  and  ap.  Johniiu  no&iZu,  8eriphu$  (n.  g.)  politus.] 

t  Description  of  new  Califoruiau  fishes,  with  figures.    By  ^Vm.  O.  Ayres,  M. 
D.    Dec.  3,  1860.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  2,  pp.  82-86,  April,  186*J. 
[N.  d-  and  sp.  Oamarina  (a.  fC-)  nigricans,  Poronotut  $imUlimu$.] 

IMl— Observations  on   the  genus  Cottus,  and  description    of    two  new  species 
(abridged  from  tho  forthcoming  report  of  Capt.  J.  II.  Simpsou),  by  Theo- 
dore QilL    March  20, 1861.     <  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  v.  8,  pp.  40-42. 
April,  mil. 
[K.  |[.aad  D.  ap.  Potamocottiu  (□.  g.  40),  PotamoctUtu punetviattu.] 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  the  genas  Tigoma  of  Girani  (abridged  from 
the  forthcomiug  report  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Simpsou),  by  Tbeodore  Oill.     March 
SO,  18G1.     <  Proc.  Boston  Soc.N»t.  Hist.,  v.  8,  p. 42,  April,  1861. 
\V.  sp.  T^^oma  tquamaia.] 

BalL  N.  M,  No.  11 3 


34 

1801— Notes  on  tbo  described  speciea  of  IIolcoDoti,  found  on  tbo  ■western  const  of 
North  Am<>ricti.  Uy  Alexander  Agaaais.  Muruh  120,  IbGl.  <Pr»c.Bo8-_ 
ton  Soc.  Nat.  Uist.v.8.pp.  122-134.1861. 

(Tbo  nnoibor  of  sp«clM  ia  rodueotl  to  IS,  wbloh  Kit)  gronpcd  under  9  gooero.    N.  g^ 
TtgniaU)ca>  BmbtotMaUteraUii  n.ap.  ^ypcrimwofion  anoiu,— QelUierdmaril>M.| 

t  Comniiinicatfon  on  several  new  gonoiic  typos  of  flebrs,  i.  e.,  PodotUecui 
Huplopagrus,  and  Stopliauulcpis.  By  Theodore  GIU.  April  IG,  1861 
<Pr(.c.  Acod.Nat.Sci.Phila.,  [v.  13J,  pp.  77-78,  IR61. 

(S.  g.  and  sp.  PodotSec%u  (n.  g.).J 

Rtivisioii  of  tho  K^UMfii  of  Niirtb  Amorioati  Scin)utua<).     By  Ttieodore  Ol 
April  30, 1861.     <  Proo.  AcwI.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila,.  [v.  V^],  pp.7y-H9.  I8B1. 
[N.  g.  Jthinoteion  (63^  for  AnModon  Miumut  OrcL,  OtnyonttnuM  (97)  for  Ltiottomu*  I 


Od  the  LiostomiDO!.     By  Theodore  GUI    April  30»  1861. 
Bci.Pbiltt.,[v.  VA],  pp.8U-9:M86l. 
(Remjirka  on  LeiogtomyM  lintatuM  (OS).) 


<  Proo.  Acad.  Naf 


SaImonid»of  Frazer  River,  British  Colombia. 
Now  Pbilos.  Joani..T.  13,  p.  104,  ItJGl. 


By  C.  Brew.    <  Edinborgl 


On  the  HaploiduDotiniu.  By  Theodore  am.  May  ^,1861.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat 
8ci.Pbila..[v.  H].  pp.  100-IUo.  H301. 

[Itemarks  oa  Amtblodon  ntumiu  (103).] 

Notices  of  Certain  New  Species  of  North  American  Salmonlds,  chiefly  In  the 
Collection  of  the  N.  W.  Bonndary  Commission,  in  charge  of  Arcbibal<! 
Campbell,  Knq.,  Conimissioucrof  Ihv  United  States,  by  Dr.  C  B.  R.  Kcnncrlyi 
Naturalist  to  the  CnuitniKHJon.  By  Oeorge  Buckley,  M-  D.,  latn  Awititaat 
Sorgnon,  U.  8.  Army.  Rend  beforetbo  New  York  t-ycouro  of  Natural  Hiittory,j 
Jnuo,  Irtdl.    <  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  v.  7,  pp.;UH-:ii:t,  ItfGi 

[X.  g.  and  ap.  Salmo  Kenner^  (307),  Salmo  brrvieanda  (30ri>.  Saimo  Warrmi  (306). 
Bairdii  (IWii.  Saltno  Parkti  (»»}.  Oneorhtmduu  (ti.  g.,  312),  Salmo  CampbeUl  (313).] 

Notes  on  sonio  genera  of  fiubcs  of  tho  wostem  coast  of  North  America,  Bj 
Theodore  GUL  Jnly  :iO.  l^ll.  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbilw.,  [v.  13],  pi 
164-HJtl,  IHHl. 

[N.  g.  Atncttp^trm  ilW.Archoptites  (\tij\,  Farrpfi^pjn^  (■<»}.  Bvp^j/jtopM  {lUi).  Sal 
(Iti'^K  AeanthoMivs  (160),  Plrxtroffrainmtn  <inr>j,   OmtumatoftlftiniM  t  Ififl),  Ut-jatcfoUHM  IIOSJi 
OUH'^eottw  (ICfl),   BtmntfmttUi  (ICO),  Anopt^gonut  OCT),  ilnwinopAycur  (t09»,  Hji 
(1ff7).*i1iragonm<l<n).| 

On  new  types  of  Aniostomatoids.  fonnd  lu  Wnsbiupton  Ttrritory.     By  Thee 
doreOia    July 'JO,  IBCl.    <  Proc  Acad.  Nat.  Sol.  Phila.,  [v.  i:i],  pp.  ir>.^-i:t>,,^ 
1801. 

(N.  g.iui4  sp.  AuUirhjfnehiu  (o.|;.,  16ti\ /aridiu  11(19). ] 


On  the  ^nus  Podotbecas.    By  Theodore  Otll.    8ept.  '14, 1661.    <  Proc.  Aoi 
Nat.  Sci.  Phila..  [v.  13J,  pp.ase-^Cl.  Sept.  1861. 

Description  of  a  new  generic  type  of  Blennoida.    By  Theodore  OilL    Sept 
34.  lB«I.    <  Proc.  Acad,  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  13],  pp. 261-203,  SepU  1H61. 
ly. §. uiltp.  AfwHorcAui  (a.  (.,  Ml)  /wrpwrcMifM  (769).] 


35 

lMl~GiUlogae  of  the   Fishes  in   the  British  Mosenm.     By  Albert  GMinthei 
YolQiue  third .    London  :  printed  by  order  of  the  troBtees.    1H61.    [Oct.  ] 

At  first  only  entitled: — Cataloene  of  the  Acanthopterygian  Fishes  in  the 
Collection  of  the  British  Mnsenm.  By  Z>r.  Albert  OUnther.  Volnnie 
third.  GobiidiB,  Discoboli,  Oxndercidee,  Batrachidce,  Pedicalati,  BlenniidsB, 
AcaDthoclinidH),  Comephoridte,  Trachypteridce,  LophotidGe,Tenthidid»,  Acro- 
nnridffi,  Hoplof:^athid£e,  Malacuntbidse,  Nandidse,  Polycentridie,  Labyrin- 
thici,  Laciocephalidse,  Atherinidse,  Magili^ee,  Ophiooephalids,  Trichonotidie. 
Cepolidee,  Oobiesocids,  Psychrolntidfe,  Centriscidie,  Fistnlariidce,  Masta- 
eembelidiB,  Notacanthi.  London:  printed  by  order  of  the  Tmstees.  1861. 
[Published  in  Oct.    8^.    General  title  -f  xxv,  586  +  x»  pp.— 10«.  6d.] 

[N.  g.  and  n.  sp.  Oi/etopUnu  orbit  (158),  Liparit  qfdoput  (163),  Oentronotiu  eritta-gMi 
(SEO)  =  AnoplarehuM  eristoifaUi  (564),  PtyehroluUM  (n.  g.)  paradomit  (516).] 

'Description  of  a  new  ichthyio  form  from  the  coast  of  Lower  California.  By 
Wm.  O.  Ayres,  M.  D.  Deo.  1,  1861.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  8oi.f  vol.  3,  pp. 
1&6-158,  1862. 

[K.  ip.  Oj/funeion  parvipinnit.] 

Analytical  synopsis  of  the  order  Sqaali  and  revleion  of  the  nomenclature  of 
the  genera.  By  Theodore  Olll.  Dec.  16, 1861.  <  Ann.  Lye.  Nat  Hist, 
N.  Y.,  V.  7,  pp.  368"-370*+  371-409, 1862. 

Bqnaloram  generum  novomm  desoriptiones  diagnostics.  Theodore  Gill,  anc- 
torew    Dec.  16,  1861.    <  Ann.  Lye.  Nat  Hist  N.  T.,  t.  8,  pp.  409-413,  1863. 

IMS— Deecription  of  a  new  species  of  Hemilepidotns,  and  remi^ks  on  the  group 
(TemnistiEB)  of  which  it  is  a  member.    By  Theodore  Olll.    Jan.  28, 1862> 

<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  8ci.  Phila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  13-14,  1862. 

IS.  sp.  BemiiepidotUM  OibMi  (13).] 

On  the  subfamily   of  Argentininee.      By  Theodore  Olll.      Jan.  2^  18^.. 

<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  14-15,  1862. 
[N.g.  Jfewpu«(U)  or  Hypomuui  (15).] 

Note  on  the  SciiBnoids  of  Califomta.    By  Theodore  Olll.    Jan..  38,  1662. 
<Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  16-18, 1862. 
[5  •peoies  enamerated.] 

t  Notice  of  fresh  water  Fishes  taken  in  the  Bay  of  San  FtaBcisoo.    By  Wm. 
O.  Ayrea,  M.  D.     Feb.  3,  1862.    <Proo.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  vol..  2,  p.  163, 
,  Sept.  1862. 

[Sap.  specified.] 

On  the  limits  and  arrangeraeut  of  the  family  of  Scombroids.  By  Theodore 
Olll.  March  25,  1862.  <Proc  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  124-127, 
1862. 

Description  of  new  species  of  Alepidosauroiile.  By  Theodore  OUl.  March 
25,  1862.    <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  127-132, 1862. 

[N.  sp.  Alepidotaurut  {Gavlopm)  ItortatU  (UI8),  AlfpfdoMuruf  {Omdopua)  $erra  (ItO).] 

Catalogue  of  the  fishes  of  Lower  California  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
collected  by  Mr.  J.  Xautrts.    By  Theodore  OIU.    Part  I.    March  25, 1862. 

<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  140-151,  1862. 

On  a  new  genus  of  fishes  allied  to  Aulorhynchns,  and  on  the  affinities  of  the 
£imily  Aulorhynchoidas  to  which  it  botongs.  By  Tlieodore  OiU,  April  39,^ 
1863.    <  Proc.  Aoad.  Nat  SGi..i;hiIa.,  [t.  14],  pp.  333-361, 1863. 


36 

1§63— Catalogue  of  the  FiahoB  or  Lower  CalifuniUi,  in  the  Smitbuonian  In&tltaUoi 
collected  by  Mr.  J.  Xaatua.    By  Theodore  OiU.     Pari  11.    April  'i'J,  t{ 
<Pnic.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.,  [v.  14].  pp.  *l*i-a4«,  1862. 

CatalogriA  of  tbu  FUhf-it  of  Lowur  Califoniiii,  in  tho  Smithftoniau  Inhtical 
collected  by  Mr.  J.  Xuotns.    By  Theodore  Gill     Part  111.    May  27, 
<  Proc.  Acad.  Nut.  Sci.  Pbila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  24!)-*^i2,  imi. 

Notice  of  aooUuctioQ  of  tho  Fishesof  CaliforolaprMentod  totbeSmitbaoDiai 
InstitiUiou  by  Mr.  Samnnl  HiibbuM.     By  Theodore  Oill.    .Fiinr'24,  1B63.] 
<rn>c.  Acad.  NaL  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  11],  pp.  'Z74~-2&i,  IHr.'i. 

[N*.  g.  Madtp.  JlKpocTitu!hth)/»  (n.  K-.  ?75r snaJVi  (*275l,  •Iirach}/Uti^u{a.  §.,  a;s»  /rmattu  fSn), 
I^l/perpnmoponAg^uMi^ii('2^Q}.  OryMtiuM{u.  i;., '377)  ^ricfiur  (fit'>,  ApodUhthya tan^in^UM  ^979), 
*Apoduihth)ft  immatu*  (*i7<JK  Parcphryt  Ilubbardii  (^t),  AUtuta  <mt^omiea  <^l].  Uoptag*] 
iodon  np.  (S8S>.1 

Synnpsis  of  tho  Hpoottis  of  Lophobranchiat«'  FIftboa  of  Weatorn  North  America.| 
By  Theodore  GUI.  Juae  S4»  1862.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.,  [v.  14], 
pp.  2'?a--W4.  IB62. 

[N'-fiBod  mii.  JJenmUittUthiu  {n.e.,3B3)  punMipinnU  (3d3}.  JSjrn^nolAtu  dimtdiaUu  (1 

W4).l 

Cat»logao  of  the  Piaboa  in  tho  Britieh  Museum.     By  Albert  Oiinther,   .  . 
V'uliiiiif  fotirtb.      Loitdou  :  printed  by  ontor  of  the  tru<il«X3H.     Ir^fi*.^ 

Also  entitled: — Catalogue  uf  the   ArauthopliTygii   pharyiigognuthi  and] 
Anacautbini  in  the  coUuotiou  of  tho  British  Musenuj.  .  .  ■  Loudon:  priutt 
by  onhir  of  tlm  Troato*;ft.    18()2.     Lt*^\     General  title  +  xxi,  5:t4  pp.— w«.  6d. 

[\.  up.  Ditmua  brevipiww  (249),  PiswroneeUt  FrmnUinii  (44d),  pttmronMtM  difframmv 
(4IS),  Pantphryi  Ajfreaii  {iXt.] 

Notes  .Ml  tbofamily  of  Scombroids.  By  Theodore  OIU.   July29,ie62.   <Pi 
Acad.  Nat  Set.  Philn.,  [t.  14],  pp.  32»-:)29.  lc^2. 

Note  «u  aome  geuera  of  FiohnH  of  Wewtem  North  America.  By  Theodore  QUI  | 
July  29,  1WJ2.    <Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.,  [v.  14],  pp.  3-29-:t;w,  im\ 

["S.g.tMA  ip.  £iMyek>froMuf  (iuk.,  3X1).  Caulanhtu  {n.  (t-.  S30),  Eamiervtremut  (D.  g,m|| 
Bvptifnrio  (n.  jr..  330).  Lfpiiopsetta  in.  g.,  330),  TTi/pJiopvita  (n.  c..  3:J0).  Orthnpmtta  fu  i^,] 
330),  VTvpwUa  (U.  (t.,  330),  HydrolaffUM  (u.g.,  331),  Ot/roplevnidnM  <ii. |*.,',t3ll.  lIvtvrhinMij 
(□. g.ni),  Entotphenus  (u-g., 331).  A3  ffODem  arc  ttsteil  to  bftvo  bt-en  wdded  to  tb«CiiU*i 
forntnn  f  mti»,  o)th<*r  m  ratlrolj  new  or  In  autwdCuUou  for  otlieri  errooeoady  Jdcotlfle4«] 
nIdoc  th*>  iHiblieatloD  ofQlrarJ's  work.) 

Oq  the  claasiOcaliou  of  the  families  and  genera  of  the  Siiuuli  of  Califonilt 
By  Theodore  OUt     Ool.  28.  1*W2.     <  Proo.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  14]^ 

pp.  44:t-501.  1862. 

[S.  g.  and  wp.  SMnotrlaeU  {a.  g .  186)  SmSH  HM).] 

t  Statofneiit  iu  regard  to  Sebaaten  ronacciiH  and  S.  ni1»cr.     By  Wm.  O,  Ayu 
M.  n.    Nov-.l,  lflfi2.     <ProcCtil.  Ap,id.8cl.,v.2,p.307,J.-iinirtiy,  IpiOX 


DeBoription  of   Fishea  believed  to  be  new.      By  Wm.  O.   Ayree.  M. 
Nov. :!,  1862.     <  Proc.  Cat  Acad.  .Sci,,  t.  2,  pp.  209-211,  January.  l(*Ua. 
(N.  >p.  Br^atU4tt /Uvidm.  StbMtodM  omKs  ] ' 

Bemarka  in  relation  to  tho  fiabea  of  California  which  are  inclnde<)  in  Ciivl 
genus  Sobaaiee.      By  Wm.  O.   Ayrea,   M.   D.     Nor.  a,  lc*()2.     <Proo.  Ci 
Acad.  Soi*.  V.  %  pp.  211-21B,  January,  1860. 


37 

1M9— Notices  of  certain  new  species  of  North  American  Salmonidce,  chiefly  in  the 
oolleotion  of  the  N.  W.  Boundary  Commission..  By  Gtoorge  Suokley,  H.  D. 
See  1861,  Jnne. 

IMS— The  Resources  of  California,  comprising  Agricultare^  Mining,  Geography,  Cli- 
mate, Commerce,  etc.,  etc.  and  the  past  qpd  future  development  of  the  State. 
By  John  S.  HltteL — San  Francisco :  A.  Roman  &  Company.    New  York : 
W.  J.  Middleton.    1663.     [12°,  xvi,  464  pp.] 
[Zoology,  obap.  vi  (pp.  140-146);  flahing  (pp.  313-317).] 

List  of  the  Fishes  seut  by  the  Museum  [of  Comparative  Zoology]  to  different 
Institutions,  in  exohange  for  othnr  specimens,  with  Annotations.  By  F.  "VT. 
Patnam.     <  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  No.  1,  =  v.  1,  pp.  12-16,  March  1, 1863. 

*  Remarks  in  relation  to  the  genus  Notorhynchus.  By  Wm.  O.  Ayrea,  M.  D. 
March  2, 1863.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  3,  p.  15,  April,  1863. 

Catalogue  of  the  Fishes  of  Lower  California,  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
collected  by  Mr.  J.  Xantus.    By  Theodore  GUI.    Part  IV.    March  31, 1863. 

<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  80-88, 1863. 

Descriptions  of  some  new  species  of  Pediculati,  and  on  the  classification  of 
the  group.  By  Theodore  OiU.  March  31, 1863.  <Proo.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  88-92, 1863. 

On  an  unnamed  generic  type  allied  to  Sebastes  [Sebast-oplus,  Qill].  By 
Theodore  GiU.  August  25, 1863.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  15], 
pp.  207-209. 1803. 

[CooUiDfl  referenos  to  Ayrea'a  viewt  on  the  CalifomlaQ  Sebaitoidi.] 

*  Remarks  on  ichthy  ic  types  new  to  the  California  Coast.    By  Wm.  O.  Ayre% 

M.  D.    Sept.  7,  1863.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  3,  p.  66,  Nov.  1863. 
(X.  sp.  (tmdoficribed)  Scomberesox  n.  sp.,  Alopiaa  u.  ip.] 

Synopsis  of  the  Pomaceutroids  of  the  Western  Coast  of  North  and  Central 
America.  By  Theodore  OiU.  Sept.  29,  1863.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci. 
Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  213-221,  18G3. 

Notes  on  the  LabroidH  of  the  Western  Coast  of  North  America.  By  Theodore 
OiU.  Sept.  29,  1863.  <Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phils.,  [v.  15],  pp.  221-224. 
1863. 

Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Gadoid  Fishes.  By  Theodore  GUI.  Sept.  29, 
1863.    <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  229-242,  1863. 

Descriptions  of  the  genera  of  Gadoid  and  Brotuloid  Fishes  of  Western  North  • 
America.    By  Theodore  GUI.    Sept  29, 1863.    <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Philu. 
[v.  15],  pp.  242-254,  1863. 

Synopsis  of  the  family  of  the  Lycodoido).    By  Theodore  GUI.    Sept  29, 1863. 

<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  254-262,  1863. 

Descriptions  of  the  Gobioid  genera  of  the  Western  Coast  of  Temperate  North 
America.  By  Theodore  GUL  Sept  29,  1863.  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  262-267,  186:t. 

(N*.  g.  and  dp.  CoryphopUrvi  (n.  g.,  20S)  glaueo/rasnum  (363).] 

On  New  Genera  and  Species  of  California  Fishes. — No.  L    By  J.  O.  Cooper, 

M.  D.   Nov.  3,  1863.    <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  v.  3,  pp.  70-77,  Nov.  186:*. 

IN.  g.  and  n.  sp.  Dekaya  (n.  g.)  anomala,  Ayrtnia  (o.  g.)  jmncfipinni*.  Oreyniu paeifieuf.\ 


38 

1968 — Notes  on  tho  Sebutoid  Fisbiu  oocarrtng  in  the  Cout  of  ColiforDJA.  By  Wm. 
O.  Ajrrei,  M.  D.,  C.  M.  D.  8.  Nov.  10,  ia«3.  <  Proo.  Zool.  Soo.  LondoD  — , 
pp.  ;«()-40-2,  1B63. 

Ou  New  Oeuora  and  Species  of  California  Fishon. — No.  II.    By  J.  O.  Cooper,  M. 
D.    Nov.  Ifi,  1863.    <  Pltjo.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Soi.,  v.  3,  pp.  93-97,  Dec.  1863. 

[N.  ip.  Esocat^t*  tttl^forniau,  CTrolppAiM  UalUri.] 

Deftoription  of  the  geaaii  Htereolepis  Ayres.    By  Theodore  QDl.    Nor.  94,' 
1863.    <  Proo.  Aoad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil*.,  [v.  15],  pp.  3i0-330,  1863. 

Desoription  of  the  ^enas  Oxyjulid  Gill.    By  Theodore  Oill.    Nov.  34,  1663. 
<  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  15],  pp.  330-3:U,  1603. 

# 

I HA'ft- Catalogue  of  the  Fisboa  in  the  Dritiah  Miusoam.  By  Albert  Oiinther,  .  .  . 
Volume  fifth.    Loudon  :  printed  by  order  of  the  trustees.    lc(>4. 

Also  entitled  :—Catalof^ne  of  the  PhyaodtoDii,  containiog  the  famlllefl 
SilDhdfD,  Churacinida),  Maplochitoaid;e,  3t«ninptychid:e,  ScopelidsEi.  Slo-: 
aiiatid»,  in  tho  coIlectioD  of  the  Britiah  Mubcuui.  .  .  .  Luuduu  :  publisbedj 
by  order  of  the  TnuCeea.     18G4.    [8=>.    (luoladicggeneral  titte)xxJi,4S&pp.]J 

BeachreiboDg  deH  HeterodoDtiiii  Pbillipil  Bl.  (Centracioii  Ph'rlllpii  Cuv.)  inlt 
RUckaicbt  anf  seine  foeelleu  Vorwaodteu.    Von  Jolianuea  StriiTer  (Gfit- j 
tiDgen).    Dresden,  1864.    [4°.    32pp,3pl.l    <Verbaodl.  k.  Leopold-Carol. 
Akod.  der  Naturf.,  v.  31. 

On  new  Genera  and  Species  of  Califomian  Ficihcs. — No.  III.    By  J.  G.  Cooper; 
M.  D.     Jan.  4,  1864.     <Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  v.  3,  pp.  108-114.  1864. 
[K.  g.  antl  wp.  M^ioia  (or  OUAontU,  d.  g.)  tltgant,  BiXHektky*  (D.g.)  mW^fQi§, 


Description  of  a  new  Lnbroid  genus  alliod  to  Trochocopuii,  Gthr.    By  Thoo-j 
dare  GHll.    Mar.  S»,  IHiM.    <  Pn>c.  Acnd.  Nat.  Sci.  Phtln.,  [v.  16],  pp.  57-&9, 
1B64. 

[N.  g.  /SivMlonurtopon  (Se>,  B^^wtomM*  (IW),  M>attattm*u  <S0).]  | 

Note  on  the  nomenclatnre  of  Genera  and  Species  of  tho  family  Ecbenoidoidie.j 
By  Theodore  OUl.  Mar.  W.  IH64.  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.,  tv-  16),1 
pp.  69-61,  1864. 

Critical  remarks  on  the  genera  Sebnatea  and  Sebafltodca  of  Ayrea.    By  Ttaeo-I 
doreOlll.    May  31,1864.    <Proc.  Acad.  Nat.Sci.  Phtla.,  [v.HS],  pp.  14.V147J 
1864. 
[N.  fp.  Sa6«M<o#miHM  pteaViv  1147),  Seba4to§omw  »imvtan$  {\*1\.\ 

Second  contribution  to  the  Setacbology  of  Califomiu.    By  Theodore  OULJ 
May  31,  1864.     <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila..  [v.  16],  pp.  147-151,  1864. 
[V.  ap.  MuaitUM«aUfnrn(au  |14fl).  JroUKhvnthH§U»nati»  (l.V)^J 

tSeveral  polnta  in  Ichthyology  and  Concbology,  vix:  Peionpitii  Iliunmondii, 
n.sp.,  Paralepidnida  and  Alvpidosaaniids,  Gyinnotoidfi,  and  Cumpoloma  Ti< 
Melantho.      By  Theodore  Oill.    June  7,  ie64.    <  Pn>c.  Actvd.  Nat. 
Phila-,  [v.  16],  pp.  !.-.l-l.^^,  I8U4. 


( Ayres ia   pancttpinnia  haieed  Cbromis    puootipinuiH  ytdn  Oill.      liy   X  OJ 
Cooper,  M.  D.    July  18,  1864.    <  Pruc,  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  3,  p.  16U,  1^64. 


194IS  — y<it«  OQ  tbo  PnralopidoidB  and  MieroatomatoiilB,  nud  on  some  pecuHaritfid  of 
Ar«Uo  Ichthyology.  By  Theodore  OiU.  8epL '27,  18»»4.  <Proo.  AcaJ. 
KmL  Sol.  rUilo.,  [▼.  16],  pp.  187-189,  1864. 

tiyuoiwid  of  tho  Cyclopteroidi  of  Kwtorn  North  Amoricn.  By  Theodore  Oil!. 
Sept.  27,  1864.     <  Proo.  Aoml.  Nut.  Set.  PhiU.,  [v.  16],  pp.  189-1U4,  ls*t>4. 

BjnofMis  of  the  PIvaroDectoids  of  Callforniiui  and  North-weeterD  Aiotirlca.  By 
Theodore  OUL  8ept  37, 1864.  <  Proo.  AoHd.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [r.  16],  pp. 
Id4-I<>H,  1864. 

Deaoription  of  a  new  generic  type  of  PleuranectoldB  id  the  Collfiotioo  of  r!i>* 
O«ologi0Al  Survey  of  Califoniia.  By  Theodore  GUI.  8ept.d8ti4.  <  Pkh-. 
Aosd.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila..  [v.  16],  pp.  PJO-imi,  1H64. 

(V.  f.  and  ap.  Mstoponopt  (n.  g.,  Iflti)  Ooofwri  (199).] 

Note  ou  tho  family  of  Stichnolda.  By  Theodore  OUJ.  Sept.  7,  li^4. 
<  Proc.  Acttd.  Not.  Soi.  Phila.,  [r.  16],  pp.20rt-2ll.  1864. 

-Note  on  the  family  of  Myliobatoids,  and  on  a  N«w  specioa  of  ^Etobatitt.  By 
Theodore  QUI.  April  11. 1865.  <  Add.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  v.  8,  pp. 
135-i:«..May.  1^65. 

(N.  ip.  U^liobatii  eoli/vrmcu  (137).  ^tobatit  l>iti«ep»  <137).| 

OotbeGenaaCaulolatilas.  By  Theodore  Gill.  April  35. 1865.  <Proc.Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  17 J,  pp. 6d-6fc*,  I86f.. 

Ou  the  Critiital  Chnr^LuteriHtirn  of  fifldiin  [Microg.itliia]  proximiiA,  Grd.  By 
Theodore  GUI.  April  25,  1865.  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  8ci.  Philrt.,[v.  17],  p. 
60.1865. 

[H.  jc.  MtervgoduM,] 

Note  on  aeveral  Genera  of  Cyprinoids.    By  Theodora  GUI.    April  25,  1865. 
•  <  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Set  Phila.,  [v.  17  ],  pp.  69-70, 1805, 

Some  remarks  on  Labraa  pnloher  (Ayros).  By  Albert  GUnther,  M.A.,  M.  D., 
Ph.  D.    May  30,  1865.     <  Proo.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  17],  p.77,  lr*65. 

On  a  new  Generic  type  of  .SbarkA.  By  Theodore  GUI  Sept.  26, 1865.  <  Proo. 
Acad.  Not.  Sci.  Phila.,  [v.  17],  p.  177,  1865. 

(If.  g-iud  sp.  Mitrisiodua  tn.  g.,  1T7)  pvmetahis  (177). 1 

Hlntoire  naturelle  dee  Poiaaons  ou  Ivhthyologie  gf^n^ralo  par  Aug.  DuzuSrll 
PrafiaMenr>admiDiNtrat€nr  aa  Museum  d'flistoire  Naturvllode  Pnrifl. — On- 
rrage  accompag&6  do  planchoa. — Tome  premier  [.]  £laau)ob ranches  [i.  (^.j 
Plaffioetomes  et  Holoc6pbalea  ou  Chim^rea.— Premiere  partie  [-Srcondo 
partie].  .  .  .  Poria.  Librairio  Enoyclop6diquo  do  Rorct,  ....  1865, 
[Text,  2  p.  1.,  pp.  1-352;  seconde  partie,  2  p.  1.,  pp.  353-720.]  [80;  atlaa 
larger  8^,  pi.  1-14.  pp.  1-8.] 

VaoooaTor  Island  and  Britinb  Colambia.    Their  TTistory,  Reeonrccs,  and  Proa- 
peou.    Ily  Matthew  MacQe,  F.  R.  G.  S.,  five  years  reaideot  iu  Victoria,  V. 
I.    London:  Longman,  Green,  Lougmtn,  Boborta,  &■  Green,  1865.    [8^,  xx 
pp.  (inclndtoK  hlook  leaf  and  frontispiooo),  1  1..  574  pp.,  2  raape.] 
Chapter  V.  Uoneral  Reaonreeaof  Vancouver'e  laland.    pp.  131-171. 
Fiebcriea.    pp.  163-171, 


40 

i960— Catalogue  of  the  Fisbee  In  the  Britmb  Museum.    By  Albert  GKinther, 
Volame  alxth.     LohiIod:  pHDtod  by  order  nf  the  tni»tfPH.     ISliG. 

AIao  entitled: — Catalogne  oftho  Phyeotttami,  roDtnining  tbe  families  Snl- 
mooidae,  Porcopsidie,  Galaxidai,  Mormyridie,  Gymuarcbula',  Ksucidfib,  Um- 
bridwj  BcoQibreBocidic,  CypriaodoutidsD,  iu  the  colleDtiuu  of  tbe  Btitiah 
Hnaenin.  .  .  .     Londau  :  printed  by  order  of  tbe  Trnstees.     1866.     [S'^  xv,. 
368  pp.] 

[S.  sp.  8almo  lordii  aiaj.l 

The  NaturftlUt  ia  Vaocoaver  Island  and  Britiab  Columbia.  By  John  Eeaat 
I*ord,  F.  Z.  S.,  Kutiirulist  to  ibe  Brit)!4b  North  AitiericiLu  Buundiii-y  Coiit- 
DiissioD,  [Viguetles.]  In  tvro  volnme«.  Vol.  I  [—II].  London:  Uirbnrd 
Bentley,  New  BurllDgtou  Street,  publieher  iu  ordiaiiry  to  Her  Mi^Jeeity.  IriAiti. 
[2  vols.,  1*2".  Vol.  i,  xiv  (incl.  frontiflp.)?  %  358  pp.,  6  pL;  toL  iJ,  vii  (iticl. 
&ontiap.),  2,  375  pp.,  5  pi.] 

VoliUDc  i. 
Chapter  IL — Victoria — ^Tbe  Salmon :  ita  bannts  and  habits,    pp.  tt&-4L 
Chapter  IU. — Fish  Harvesting,    pp.  02-96.  , 

Chapter  IV. — Tbe  Round-fjHh.  HrrriugB,  and  Vi\-iparons  FlHh.    pp.  97-130 
Chapter  V. — Sticklebacks  and   their   Nesta — The  Bnllhead — The    Kock* 

cod— TheChirua— FliUtish.     pp.  lai-UI. 
Chapter  VI. — Ilalibnt  Fbhinp- Dogfish— A  trip  to  Fort  Snpert— RanMjm- 
lag  a  Slave — A  promenade  nitb  a  Ked  skin— Bagging  a  Chiora  bead — 
Qaeen  Charlotte's  lalaudere  ut  Naoiamo.    pp.  14^-174. 
Chapter  VII. — Sturgeou-npearing — Man-anoker — Clamtt.    pp.  175-1^ 

Volume  ii. 
Appendix. 
Livt  of  Fiahea  collected  in  tbo  Salt  and    FroHh  Watvra  of  Vancouver 

Island  and  British  Columbia,     pp.  351-:t5(l. 
[In  tbe  Uai  are  ennmonUod  apecioB  whicb  Almoot  c«rlalnlf  wcfa  Dot  "oalleol«il "  to  Um* 
vaten  lii  q^aMUoa.) 


Hr.  W.  Peters  machte  eine  Mittbiilnng  ilber  Fiaohe  (ProtoptrrWt  .■fH^uoupo, 
Lahrax,  Labraoogloaaa,  Xemotoamirig,  Afrranun,  Seorpis,  OjiMht>ffnatJiKS,  Swm- 
frroKur,  Acharneii,  JnguUta,  HijtHnnmarwnn,  ('UtUirkintta^  Ophiclitht/Sf  Uvlmich- 
tMjfs).  <|  Mouut.Kbpricbto  d(*r  Konigl.  Akadeniie  der  Wiaaeaschaften  lu 
Berlin,  1860,  pp.  &09-o26,  1  pi. 

[N.  £•  vnd  ap.  Avlitcvpt  fa.  g.,  510)  vptecfwiu  (SIO>,  SeoirhnMox  tnrviroKtri*  tSSLl),] 


1867— On  tbe  identity  of  the  genua  Alepiaauros  Lowe  with  Flagyodua  Steller.     By  i 
Dr.  Albert  Ouutber.     <  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  HiKl.,  (4),  v.  n\  pp.  1K>-197. 

On  the  uouriahmeut  of  the  Helua  iu  the  Kmbiolocod  Fisbea.  By  Jamea 
Blake,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  C  S.  Jan.  21, 1867.  <  Proo.  Cal.  Acud.  Nat.  Soi.,  t.  3,  j 
pp.  :n4-3l7,  Sept.  18(17.  i 

On  tbf  org  ins  of  Copulation  In  tbe  Male  of  the  Embiotocoid  Fiabra.  By 
Jamea  Blake,  M.  D.,  F.  K.  C.  8.  Nor.  4,  IHOT.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Na\  Sei . 
v.  :i,  pp.  'Stl-^r7'2,  May,  1868. 

111*69— Sonio  Recent  Additluna  to  tbe  Fitnua  of  California.    By  J.  O.  Cooper,  U.  IXJ 

Jan.  n,  IH68.    <l'roc.  Cal.  Acad.  8oi.,  v.  4,  pp.  :V-IA,  Nov.  \mti. 

iThe  oamber  of  flsbe*  (■  «taUil  ((i.  :i)  to  bii  tM  lu  l^Mf,  Afftinut  13^  ItDown  la  IMil 

NonriMinicnt  of  lint  Fu'lua  in  Fnibiotoculd  Fiabes.  By  James  Blake,  M.  D<|j 
Lond.,  r.  U.C.  S.    <  Jonnt   Aft   »tid  Pbyaioh,  v.  %  pp.  ^-ti-v?-,' 


41 


IM&— Oa  the  anal  fin  appendafjo  of  Eiitbiotocnid  Fishes.  By  James  Blake,  M.  D.,  F. 
R.  C.  S.,  Professor  of  Obstetrics  Id  Tolard  Medical  College,  St.  Francisco, 
Califomia.  <^  Joam.  Anat.  and  Physiol.,  t.  3,  pp.  30-32,  pi.  2,  figs.  1  and  2, 
Nov.  1«68. 

The  Natoral  Wealth  of  CalifornU.  Comprising  early  history ;  geography, 
t<qpc^?raphy,  and  ecenery  ;  climate ;  ^ricnltare  and  commercial  prodauts ; 
geology,  zoolf^cy,  and  botany;  mineralogy,  mines,  and  mining  processes; 
maanCactares ;  steamship  lines,  railroads,  and  commerce;  immigration, 
popalation  and  society ;  edacational  institations  and  literature ;  together 
with  a  detailed  description  of  each  coanty ;  its  topography,  scenery,  cities 
and  towns,  agricaltnral  advantages,  mineral  resonrces,  and  varied  prodac- 
tioas.  By  Tltns  Fey  •ronlse.  San  Francisco :  H.  H.  Bancroft  &.  Com- 
pany. 186S.  [8°,  xvi,  690  pp.] 
Chapter  VII.    Zoology,    pp.  434-501. 

Fishes.    [By  J.  O.  Cooper,  M.  D.]    pp.  487-498. 
Chapter  XIII.    Miscellaneons  Subjects,    pp.  668-684. 
Fisheries,    p.  680. 

[ISw  lint  of  flchea  wu  evidently  prepared  by  Dr.  J.  Q.  Cooper,  altboagh  only  gep'^ral 
aekaowledgment  for  BHlBtanoe  w%a  rendered  in  the  preface.  It  was  acknowledged  by 
Dr.  Cooper,  aa  antbor,  In  tbe  commnnioation  to  tbe  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  indi- 
cated aboTo.    Inaamnch  as  tbla  was  intended  to  be  aoomplete  ennmeratloD  of  tbe  fishes  of 


Califomia,  the  names  are  reproduced  here.] 

BONY  PISHES. 

PerddA 

Stereolflpia 

R^KM 

487 

I 

Faralabnuc 

Debulifer 

487 

9 

Atraotopuroa 

clAtbraU 

487 

3- 

ArehoplitM 

latermptos 

487 

3* 

iMOMim 

CnoloUtUas 

anomalos 

487 

4 

SeinuiidB 

Rbinosoion 

satamns 

488 

5 

Leiostomoa 

lineatas 

488 

fi 

Umbrina 

nndalata 

488 

7 

Atraotosoton 

noblle 

488 

8 

Seriphos 

polituB 

488 

9 

CbAtodonidB 

Parephippus 

zonatuB 

488 

10 

Oirella 

nigricans 

488 

11 

FtND«c«otrid0 

Glyphidodon 

mbicandoB 

4H8 

13 

Cbromis 

punctipionis 

488 

13 

Xmblocoooida 

Hystcrooarpus 

Traskli 

489 

14 

Embiotooa 

•Tacksonl 

489 

15 

argyrosoma 

489 

It 

Teniotoc:^ 

lateralis 

m 

17 

Hypsuros 

Caryl 

480 

18 

Damalicbtbys 

vacca 

489 

19 

Pbanerodon 

f urcata ) 

489 

SO 

Cymatogaster 

aggregatus 

489 

SI 

Rhaohocheilus 

toxotes 

489 

ss 

Amphistlohos 

nrgenteos 

480 

S3 

Holconotna 

ibodotems 

489 

24 

pulcbeUns 

489 

25 

argentenm 

489 

2fl 

arooatom 

489 

37 

punotatara 

489 

28 

Hypocriticlithys 

anal  is 

489 

29 

Brfwbyistins 

frenatns 

480 

JO 

Abeona 

minima 

489 

31 

I^sbrida 

Troobooopos 

palcber 

•1»9 

Zi 

OiyjuUe 

modustns 

489 

3:t 

CaryphsaUbB 

Poronotus 

slmiUimas 

4«> 

34 

SeookbridB 

Scomber 

dlogo 

469 

35 

Repeated. 


42 


IMS- 


BONT  FISHKS-Goiitl&iud. 


PeUtnys 

ItneoUto 

499 

96 

Orcyntu 

pulflotu 

480 

37 

Halatnotu 

donaUs 

490 

38 

Tnohnnu 

•ymmetrteiu 

490 

30 

FarmtaMtu 

boopi 

490 

40 

Aleptdouonu 

Mm 

490 

41 

Belone 

nllU 

490 

41 

SpbynaoUbB 

Sphyrwift 

argenteft 

490 

43 

Atbeclnlto 

CblnwtoDU 

wUfornleiuls 

490 

44 

affinia 

490 

45 

tanoU 

490 

4« 

ExoocBtida 

SxoocBtiu 

oaliforniona 

490 

47 

Chlrlda 

Chtnu 

oouteUatu 

401 

48 

Vtotm 

49t 

49 

gatUtos 

491 

50 

AoutholeUtui 

nebnlona 

491 

SI 

Oplopoma 

putherlna 

491 

s> 

Anoploponu 

mwUngQa 

491 

S3 

OMtonMtaldM 

OMtanwtou 

•enrntna 

491 

54 

pleUoa 

491 

as 

mloToaqphaloa 

491 

58 

WUUunaooll 

401 

57 

8B«pMilda» 

Soorpmui 

gattato 

401 

38 

SobMtot 

nigrodnotoa 

491 

SO 

Sftbaloaaa 

491 

80 

atuicalaioa 

491 

81 

raber 

491 

89 

ooellatna 

491 

63 

elongatoa 

491 

64 

paqeisplnis 

491 

65 

OTftUa 

491 

68 

fiATldaa 

491 

8T 

melanopa 

491 

88 

roaaoeiia 

491 

69 

Triohodon 

IliiMtna 

4D1 

70 

Bl«p«i» 

trUobuf 

491 

71 

OotUds 

Oottopds 

gnloaua 

493 

7S 

pwnu 

493 

73 

Leptooottaa 

armataa 

493 

74 

OUgooofetu 

nuMsnloaiia 

403 

75 

anaHa 

499 

78 

Klobloepa 

493 

77 

Lolooottoa 

hinindo 

499 

78 

SoorpBDlohthy* 

marmoratoa 

493 

70 

Aaploottu  ■ 

biaon 

493 

80 

Hrnnflnpldotoa 

aplnoaoa 

493 

81 

GibbaU 

493 

83 

notoapUotna 

49S 

83 

CalyfiUepldotn* 

lateralia 

493 

84 

Blesnlto 

Anurlohtby* 

ooellataa 

493 

85 

Xlphldton 

mncxMoin 

493 

86 

Lumpmiu 

angnUlarla 

493 

87 

Apodlobthys 

flaTidna 

403 

88 

Gebedlohthys 

ori«ta|:am 

403 

80 

Tlolaoena 

493 

90 

OniineUiu 

oniatna 

493 

91 

Blennlds 

Blennhu 

geotiUa 

403 

93 

N«O0lilRU 

Blanohardl 

493 

B3 

Ptorognftthos 

aatlrlcoa 

499 

94 

HeteroitiohiM 

roatratoa 

493 

95 

Olbboula 

elagana 

493 

M 

BatraoMto 

Forlflhthya 

aotetoa 

493 

97 

OobtdB 

Lepidogobiu 

fiadUa 

40S 

08 

43 


BOKY  FISHES-^^mttnned. 


Eneycti^obias 

nevberrU 

493 

99 

OUUehUiTS 

mlnblUa 

499 

100 

OyolaptericbB 

Gaoluohaa 

ntJoDUtaa 

403 

101 

Lipvia 

palobeUoa 

493 

103 

maooaaa 

493 

103 

PtonsxaMOttdiB 

Htppoglouaa 

oalifmmioiia 

493 

104 

Tulgaria 

493 

108 

FUdehthys 

atflllatna 

493 

106 

Parophya. 

Tetalns 

493 

107 

Faropbrya  t 

Ayreaii 

493 

loe 

PUteaaat 

blllneaU 

493 

109 

ParallohthyB 

maonloaoa 

493 

110 

PlearoDlohthya 

ooBDoana 

493 

Ul 

HobbwdU 

493 

lis 

Hyp«ipMtU 

gnttaUU 

493 

113 

Paettiohtbya 

mebuoatlotaa 

493 

m 

aordidoa 

493 

115 

Uetoponopa 

oooperl 

493 

llfi 

OmOMm 

Merlaolaa 

prodnotaa 

493 

117 

Broamopbyola 

marglnataa 

493 

118 

Oadoa 

proximaa 

493 

no 

Ammodytea 

perannatna 

493 

120 

Ophldlldai 

OpbltUon 

Taylori 

493 

lai 

SalmoiiidK 

Salmo 

qatnnat 

494 

13S 

Soonlerl 

494 

183 

MaaoDt 

494 

104 

ateUatOB 

494 

195 

Irldea 

494 

196 

Coregoniia 

Willlymaontl 

494 

197 

Hypomeans 

pretionas 

494 

ISS 

OBmerna 

tbalpicbthya 

404 

139 

Soopelida 

Synodoa 

Ineiooepa 

495 

130 

Clopotd* 

oallfornlca 

495 

131 

Clnpea 

mirabUU 

495 

139 

Ueletto 

cenilea 

495 

133 

Eognwilia 

mordax 

495 

134 

deUcailsalmaa 

495 

135 

. 

compreaatu 

495 

136 

nanna 

495 

137 

CyprlDodontidM 

CypriQodon 

oaUfornieusiB 

495 

13(9 

Fandalna 

parrlpinoia 

495 

139 

! 

495 

140 

Morsalda 

UonBoa 

mordax 

495 

141 

Ophidlnnw 

californfeoala 

495 

143 

CTprinidn 

Oatoatomas 

ocoldentalta 

495 

143 

btbiatoa 

495 

144 

Aoomoa 

geoerosust 

495 

145 

Mylopbarodoa 

roboataa 

498 

146 

oo&ooepbtlna 

496 

147 

MylonhAUiu 

fratercalaa 

496 

148 

Ptyohocbailoa 

grondia 

496 

149 

ladaa 

496 

150 

npax 

496 

151 

GOft 

robaata 

496 

159 

elegana 

496 

153 

Loxllna 

oocidenUUa 

496 

154 

Tlgoma 

oonformla 

496 

155 

croasa 

49G 

156 

Siboma 

eraaaicaada 

496 

157 

Ortbndon 

mlcrolepidotaa 

496 

158 

Algaoaea 

fonooaa 

496 

159 

Lavinla 

exiltcaada 

4!W 

160 

hanngiu 

496 

101 

44 


18M- 


BONY  FI3H£S-Contliined. 


FoKooichthya 

iDieqaUobas 

496 

1G3 

symraetrlons 

4INI 

163 

ai^yraiosaa 

498 

IM 

OAETILAOINOTTS  FISHES.* 

Orthagorlsons 

analia 

497 

163 

OMtrophysQB 

poHtaa 

497 

ICO 

'  Hippocuapas 

iogena 

497 

107 

SjDgDKthuS 

californiensls 

497 

108 

grlseoltneatna 

497 

169 

leptorhynchaa 

497 

170 

illmidiataa 

497 

171 

arandioaoena 

497 

173 

Dennatoatetlina 

panctipinniB 

497 

173 

AnUoeat 

brachyrhynobna 

497 

174 

aouUroetiia 

497 

175 

mediroetrla 

497 

176 

Hydndagus 

GoUiei 

497 

177 

Notorhynohoa 

maonlatna 

498 

176 

laoplaKiodoD 

Henlei 

498 

179 

Triacis 

aemifaaoiatas 

498 

180 

Gyroplearodaa 

Franclecl 

498 

181 

SnakUl 

496 

183 

Sphyra 

malleas 

498 

183 

Aloptas 

vulpes 

498 

184 

Bhina 

califoruica 

496 

185 

BhlDobataa 

prodnotDB 

498 

186 

BhiDoptera 

TeapertUlo 

498 

187 

Urapt«ra 

binoonlaU 

498 

188 

Torpedo 

oaUfornica 

498 

189 

Urolophaa 

Halleri 

498 

190 

Pteroplatea 

marmorata 

498 

191 

Trynon 

1 

496 

193 

Lampetra 

plambea 

498 

193 

EntoaphenoB 

eplfaexodon 

498 

194 

oiliatUB 

498 

195 

Branchloatoma 

f 

498 

196 

1868 — Catalogue  of  the  Fishes  in  the  British  Mnseam.    By  Albert  GKinther,  .  .  . 
Volnme  seventh. — Londun  :  priDted  by  order  of  the  trnstees.    1868. 

Also  entitled :— Catalogne  of  the  Pbysostomi,  containing  the  families  Hete- 
ropygii,  Cyprinidee,  QoDorhyncbidte,  Hyodontidse,  Osteoglossidtef  Clapeidte, 
Chirooentridffij  Alepocephalides,  Notopteridse^  Halosanridffi,  in  the  collection 
of  the  British  Museum.  .  .  .  Loudon  :  printed  by  order  of  the  Trustees. 
1868.     [80,  XX,  612  pp.] 

18YO — Alaska  and  Its  Resources.     By  WUliam  H.  Dall,  Director  of  the  Scientific 
Corps  of  the  late  Western  Union  Telegraph  Expedition.    Boston :  Lee  and 
Shepard.     1870.     [8°,  xii,  628  pp,  15  pi.,  1  map.] 
Part  IL 
Chapter  VI.    Fisheries,  For  Trade,  and  other  reeonroea  not  previoosly 
mentioned,    pp.  481-505. 

Appendix. 
Appendix  G.    Natural  History,    pp.  576-594. 
List  of  the  fishes  of  Alaska,    p.  579. 
Marine  Fishes,    p.  579. 
IVesh-water  fishes  of  the  Yukon,    p.  579. 
(The  list  U  very  Imporfeot.] 

*  No  fkmlUea  we  reoognlaed  among  tho  so-called  eartUaglDoiu  flahea.    These  are  indicated  by  tba 
prcaent  writer  by  tbe  Uoea  In  the  Ikmily  cqIohid. 


t*t«-u 


•btng.     [By  John  C.  Cremony.] 
F«b.  1H70. 


<  Overland  Monthly,  v.  A, 


Tb«  Pfteifio  Coast  Cod-flBbory.  [ByCapt.  C.  M.  Scanunon.]  <  Overlaud 
Montbly,  t.  i,  pp.  131^40,  May,  L670. 

Cat«lo|;ne  or  PislK^  in  tho  British  Muse^um.  By  Albert  Ounther,  .  .  . 
Voloait;  ei;;blti.     Loudon:  priuted  by  order  of  tUo  trustees.     1h70. 

AbHioHtitlod:— Cnhilo}>iio(if  ibe Ptiyaustutni, euutuiuing  tbo  fa,rniUe«Gym- 
noSld^  SymbrauchidaL',  Miir.'cnid.t*,  Pcg:islda\  and  of  tho  [nrdera]  t^jpbo- 
bmnebii,  FIvoto^^Datbi,  [tMid  subchiMsi-s]  Dipnoi,  UaQoidc]fChotidropttiryj;ii, 
CyclmtooiutA,  I^pt4irAr<lii,  ill  tbe  Britinb  MuNeiiiu.  .  .  .  London:  printod 
by  order  of  tho  TrohU***.     \i<JO,     [«=,  ixv,  ;M9  pp.] 

[Spw  omw  u>  <:oiMt :—  QaU%u  tanU  (379>.    X.  {.  I<klhifOtnytift\  (SOfl). ) 

Ober  oinit{<i  Plviironcctidcn,  Salmonlden,  G.idoldeu  nnd  Blunniidon  ant  der 
Dvi..)tMtr)»-I$»y  mid  von  Viti-Luvu.     Von  Franz  Btelndachner  iind  w«?il. 
Prof.  In.  Rudolph  Ener.     <  Sitzb.   K.  Akad.  \ViHhen»rti.,   H.  (U,  Abtb.  \, 
pp.  Wl-447,  pi.  I,  IfiTO. 
[T  «p«elc«  ulAiiUHed  «fl  commcn  to  PecMtriv  Bay  and  Um  American  oout ) 

Hlstoirvi  natnrtdlo  dcM  Pniwonn  ou  Iobthyo1o};io  g(^n<5ralti  par  Aug.  Dum6rii  [,  j 
Mrrobn^derinitUtut  [,]  protmsenr-adniiuiittratcnrau  Mns^^nm  d'Histoirc  Na- 
tiir«llo  d«>  Paris, —Ou^Tage  aocoaipaj;n6  de  planches. — Touio  dvcoud  [.]    G»- 

DoldeH.   Dipui^.   L')pbobranch('^ 1870. — Puris  [,J    Librairie  Ency- 

Hop^liqnn  iln  t^irot !«7n.     [4  jniu.— Text.  (^^ap.  l.,G*24  pp.;  Atlas, 

laf]ger  b^  pL  1S-3I>,  pp.  %-\%  with  half  title.] 

I7i— TbeP(xxlKiobe»ur  AlaakA.    By  WUliam  Healy  Dall.    <Bop.Coinm.Aj^o., 
1870.  pp.3^-:KI3,  li^I. 

Ht  ■pweJuiapwrifloil;  uobrw  »peoimdeMtribt>d*) 

I  BMUrka  on  thn  mode  of  attack  of  the  Tbraithur  Shark.     By  Ooorge  Davld- 
Joly  n,  I^Cd.     <  Proc  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  v.  4,  p.  PJ7,  April,  1k;| 


l%Tt— Noilccof  an  apparently  new  marine  animal  from, the  Northt^m  Paotfic.  By 
P.  !».  BcUter,  M.  A..  Ph.  D.,  K.  R.8.,  Secretary  of  the  Zoological  Society  of 
LoniUiii.     <  \W\t.  AiA  meeting  Brit.  Aatfoo.  Adv.  Se.,  Aug.  l.*73,  Tr.  Sec,  pp. 

KoCiee  of  a  «np[MMKl  uvvr  marine  animal  from  Waflhingt^m  Territory,  nortb- 
waat  America,     [By  P.  L.  Sclater.]     <  Nattire,  v.  i.  p.  X'M\  Sept.  *2fi,  1872. 

(Th'  I  w  animal  wni  reprcarnti^d  by  "ncvoml  »i>p<ilmi>nf«  which  nt  flmi  al^itit 

!»•  liiog  ihin  pr«lo4l  irhlC«  iTlllnw-wanil  moro  tlmn  nttythlng  e\w"     Mr. 

••  (W-i  tti*tjui0«,  "  wna  locltDed  tu  rugord  tlii<niaM  iioanlbly  baaea  uf  oue  itntM 

flBBuU«l!*>'*.*'  *bd  «f)f>r'Wftnlft(wben  be  hod  been  told  what  iht* y  vrvrt  t>  "an  tbo  hardened 

!  sf  a  brw  tn'jcinleed  flftb."    They  wem,  in  tmtli,  thn  axint  nkrletnnn  nf  PcnnntnUd 

•Mfltyuan! 

Dbor  alnn  nflU"*  Oattntig  von  Fiwhen  aofl  der  Familie  der  Oataphmeti  Ctiv., 
SeofnkrDcoCluH  Haluiouena,  ronder  VauconversInHcl.  Von  VT.  C.  H.  Peters. 
<  MimaUb.  K.  Preaaa.  Akad.  WinMnwh.  Berlin,  pp.  5(tf<-570,  li^r72. 


till*  Couimiiwionera  of  Fiaberiea  of  the  Stato  of  California  for  tb« 
ami  1471.    Bftcrameoto:   T.  A.  Bpriugor,  Stat«  printer.    1@79. 
,.t;*v  u4  pp-l 


979— Arrangement  of  tlii>  familiea  of  FittheA,  or  olasMs  Pisoefi,  MarBipnbrancliii,  ond 
XA'ptocanlii.  Prepflrotl  for  tbo  Smithsonian  lostituttop.  By  Theodore 
GUI,  M.  1).,  Vh.  D.  Wasliinifton:  puMishtMl  by  thu  SmitliAouiuu  lustita- 
tion.  November,  1S72.  (Smithsouiau  MiBcullauoousCollectioDB.  S47.)  [d'-, 
x\v\,  49  pp.] 

42d  Congruaa,  24  sesatou.  ]  Souato.  |  Ex.  Don.  No.  34.  |  Metuuigo  \  from  the  t 
Pretddeot  of  the  Uuitcd  States,  |  oommiiDioatinj;,  |  in  oonipUanee  ivith  a 
resolution  of  the  19tb  of  January',  18(tl>,  information  |  in  relation  to  the 
rusuurces  ami  eiteut  of  the  flahing-gruuntls  of  the  North  |  PaciHa  Ocnim, 
opened  to  the  United  States  by  the  treaty  of  Aloika.  [Washington:  Gov- 
ernmont  Printing  Office.    IH72.— 8°,  85  pp.] 

On  p.  *2  entlihMl  "  Tha  Finheriaa  and  Fiahennen  of  the  North  Pacific."  By 
Riobord  D.  Cutta. 

Preliminary  Iteport  of  the  United  States  Geological  Snrvoy  of  Wyoming,  and 
portioim  of  Duntigaons  Territories,  (being  a  second  [really  fnurtbj  annual 
report  of  progreaa,)  conducted  under  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  tbe  In- 
terior, by  F.  V.  Hayden,  United  States  Geologist. — Waahiogton:'  Qoreru* 
ment  Printing  Office.  loTi.  [U°,511  pp.] 
Part  IV.  Spt^oial  Keporte, 

VII.  On  th*)  Fishes  of  the  Tertiary  Bhales  of  Qreen  River,  Wyoming 
Territory.    By  Prof.  B.  0.  Cope.    pp.  425-131. 

VIII.  Recent  Kept  ili«  aud  Fiahee.  Fieport  ou  the  Reptiles  and  FMsbee, 
obtained  by  tbe  Naturalists  of  the  Expedition.  By  B.  D.  Cope,  A.  M. 
pp.  438-442. 

PreUmluary  Report  of  tho  United  States  Genlogical  Snrvey  of  Montana,  and 
portions  of  adjacent  Territories;  beiqg  a  fifth  annual  report  of  progreai. 
By  F.  V.  Hayden,  Unitwl  States  Geolugrxt.— Conducted  under  authority  d 
tbe  Secretary  of  the  Interior. — Washington:  Government  Printing  Oraoo. 
1872.  [6°,  i-vi,  3-;>3B  pp.  (with  64  fig. ). 2  pi.,  &  maps  folded.] 
Part  IV.     Zoology  and  Botany. 

VI.  Re]>ort  on  the  Recent  Reptiles  and  Fishes  of  the  Survey,  collected 
by  Campbell  Carrlngton  and  C.  M.  Dawes.  By  B.  D.  Cope,  A,  M. 
pp.  467-476. 

1873— A  contribution  to  tbe  Ichthyology  of  Alaska.  By  B.  D.  Cope.  Jan.  17,  lHt73. 
<Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soo.  PhUa.,  v.  13,  pp.  24-:W,  ItfJIi.  [liistras,  Marrh  11, 
1873.] 

[17  Hpedrtl  «DaiDent«d :  n.  ap.  Salmn  tudtv.  UpraUJlauU^  bryojwru*,  XipkUtium  entorevm, 
CentroitotutUrtuM.  vltints  balioM,  ChinuianiinatuM,Chirwitrii/ratnmttM,  AmmoHytfmuUucantu, 
€aduM  peristtqnu,  Oiuiui  auratut.  Sathymtuter  n'^nctliu,  i'Uuronect«4  artuatut.] 

Note  on  tbe  Scombrocottos  salmoneus  of  P«ters,  and  its  identity  with  Anoplfv 

poma  fimbria.    By  Theodore  aill.  M.  D.    March  17,  1873.    <  Prnc.  Cal. 

Acad.  Sot.,  V.  C).  pp.  .V>-G7.1r^3  (April);  rcpriuud.    <  Ann.  and  Mag. Nat, 

Hist.,  (4),  r.  12,  pp  74-75,  Sept.  1873. 
*The  first  shad  (Alanna  pravAtabilis  DeKay)  oaaght  in  thK waters  of  Calif >r- 

nia.    By  S.  R  Throckmorton.    May  6, 1873.    <  Proc.  Col.  Acad.  ScL,  v.  fi, 

p.85,  May,  1-73. 

*On  tbe  iutroddotion  of  exotio  Food  Flshee  into  the  waters  of  California.  Df 
S.  R.  Throckmorton.  May  5, 1873.  <  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  8oi.,  v.  G.  pp.  8tU 
88,  May,  Irs73. 

Uoitetl  States  Comuiiasion  of  Fish  and  Fisheries. — Part  I. — Report  on  tbe 
ooodition  of  the  sea-fisheries  of  tlie  south  coast  of  New  Rnglaml  in  t>f7t  utul 
1872.  By  Spencer  F.  Balrd,  Cumin iaiioner. — With  siippleuieutary  papm. — 
Washington  :  Guvcrninent  Printing  Offieo.  1873.  [6^,  xlvii.  853  pp..  10  pi., 
with  3d  1. explanatory  (to  pi,  1-38),  1  folded  map,] 


47 

tS73- 

Notes  on  Liparis  and  Cyclopt(;riis.  By  F.  W.  Putnam.  Angnst,  1873.  <[  Pro- 
cee<linga  of  the  Americau  Adsuciatiun  for  the  Advancement  of  Scionco,  vol. 
22,  B.  pp.  3.35-340,  Jane,  1874. 
1S78 — Aauual  Rcconl  of  Scieueo  and  Industry'  for  1872.  Edited  by  Spencer  F. 
Baird,  with  the  atwistauce  of  eminent  men  of  science.— New  York:  Har- 
per  &  Brothers,  Publishers,  Franklin  Square.  1873.  [12°.] 
I.  Pisciculture  and  the  Fisheries. 

Fish  Caltiire  in  Calilbniia,  pp.  407, 408. 
Report  of  California  Fish  ConimisHiouers,  p.  408, 409. 
Stocking  California  waters  with  Trout,  p.  409. 
Transporting  Black  Bass  to  California,  p.  409. 
Transferring  Shad  to  the  Sacramento  River,  p.  430. 
Stocking  California  with  Shad,  p.  430. 
Oil-works  on  Uualosclika,  p.  436. 
Spawning  of  Cod-iish  in  Alaska,  jt,  4*iG. 
Cod-tishiug  in  the  tihumagin  Islands,  p.  436. 
Salmon  Fisheries  in  the  Columbia  River,  p.  440, 
Capture  of  Sacramento  Salmon  with  the  Hook,  p.  441. 
Fisheries  of  the  Shuniagiu  Islands,  p.  444. 

Peculiarities  of  Reproduction  of  California  Salmon,  pp.  445, 446. 
Alleged  Discovery  of  Young  Shod  in  the  Sacramento  River,  p.  447. 
Report  ou  the  Prybilov  (iroup  or  Seal  Islands  of  Alaska.    By  Heniy  W. 
BUiott,  Assistant  Agent  Treasury  Department.    Washington:  Government 
Printing  Office.     1873.     [4to,  HJi  folios,  not  paged,  with  text  parallel  with 
back,  and  extending  from  bottom  to  top,  50  phot,  pi.] 
Chapter  VIII.  Fisli  and  Fisheries. 

See.  also.  Ifr75. 

S71— *  Note  on  Snbterianean  Fishes  in  California.     By  A.  W.    Chase.    <^Am., 

Journ.  Se.  and  Arts  (3),  v.  7,  p.  74,  Jan.,   1874;    Forest  and  Stream,  v,  2, 
p.  70,  March  12,  1874. 
t  On  the  edible  (pntlitie.H  of  the  SfVJramenfo  Salmon.    By  Livingston  Stono. 
<F<)rest  and  Stream,  v.  1,  p.  331,  Jan.  1, 1874. 

Preparing  .Salmon  ou  the  Columbia  Rivef.     IJy  Charles  Nordhoff.     <F<»r- 

est  and  Stream,  v.  1,  \>.  307,  Jan.  29,  1874.     (From  Harper's  Now  Monthly 

Magazine.) 
Salmun-fwhing  on  the  Novarro.  [By  Thomas  Bennett.]  <Overland  Monthly, 

V.  12,  pp.  1 10-124,  Feb.,  1874 ;  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  2,  p.  29,  Feb.  19,  1874. 
Is  the  Yellow  Perch  ( Pirca  Jiaresccn^)  a  good  iish  to  introduce  into  California  t 

[By  Livingston  Stone]    < Forest  and  Stwam,  v.2,p. H4,  March  19,1874. 
On  the  Plagopterinjp  and  the  Ichthyology  of  Utah.     By  Edw^arcl  D.  Cope, 

A.  M.     Road   before   the  American  Philosophical  Society,  Mareli  20, 1874. 

<Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soe.  Phila.,  v.  14.  pp.  120-139,  1874. 

(y.  (J.  nnil  n.  «p.  riagoptfrvs  (n.  g.,  130),  arffmti«nmu4  (130),  Lepidnmtda  (n.  jr.,  131), 
Lepidanieda   Httata   (131),  Lepidojneda  jarrovii  (lo2),  Clinoitumiu  Uimia  (133).  lihinuh- 
thyi  henskarii    (133).  nyboptU  timpanogmai*  (134),  Minomut  plafyrhynchu*  (131),  Mino- 
mus  Jarrorii  (13j),  Ceratichthy*  ventrieontM  (130).  MyUtUucMa  parovanut  (136),  Clino»iomu$ 
phleqtthontit  (137).  Vranidea  vheeleri  (138).) 
Gi^ograpliieal  and  Gecdogieal   Explorations  and  surveys  west  of  the  100th 
Meridian.     First  Lieutenant  G.  M.  WTiccler,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  in 
charge. 
On  the  Plagopterina^  and  the  Ichthyology  of  Uta,h.     By  Bdward  D.  Cope, 
A.  M.— Reprinted  from  the  ProceotUnirs  of  American  Philosophical  S«»- 
ciety  of  Phila.    Philadelphia:  McCalla  &  Stavely,  Pis.,  237-9  Dock 
street.     1874.     [80,  14  pp.] 


48 

18Y4 — The  IntroductioD  of  Eostcru  Fish  luto  the  wateisof  tho  Pacific  Slope,  U^ether 
with  an  account  of  operations  at  the  United  States  Salmon  breeding  Es- 
tablishment on  the  McCloud  River,  California.     [By  Idvingston  Stone.] 

<  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  2,  pp.  100-102,  March  2(3,1874  (5i  c.)- 

On  the  Speckled  Troat  of  Utah  Lake. — Salmo  virginalis,  Oirard.  By  Dr.  H.  C. 
Yarrow,  U.  S.  A.     <  Am.  Sportsman,  v.  4,  pp.  08, 69,  May  2, 1874. 

Shad  in  California.  [By  S.  R.  Throckmorton.]  <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  3, 
p.  229,  May  21. 1874. 

California    Salmon[:     its    rapidity    of   growth.     By  Iiivingston    Stona.] 

<  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  2,  p.  260,  June  4, 1874. 

Sports  in  California.— No.  II.— Tront  Bshiug  at  Humboldt  Bay.  [By  Mon- 
mouth.]    <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  2,  pp.  273, 274  (5  c),  June  11,1874. 

Will  the  Colnmbia  Salmon  take  the  fiyf  [Anon.]  <Am.  Sportsman,  t. 
4,  p.  166,  June  13, 1874. 

The  Salmon  Fisheries  of  Oregon.  [By  A.  ]  <  Forest  and  Stream,  y.  2,  p.  290, 
June  18. 1874. 

Sacramento  Salmon  vs.  Eastern  Salmon.  [By  Livingston  Stone.]*  <Am. 
Sportsman,  v.  14,  p.  198,  June  27,  1874. 

On  the  use  of  Giant  Powder  (Dynamite)  for  obtaining  Specimens  of  Fish  at 
Sea.  By  A.  W.  Cbaae,  U.  8.  Coast  Survey.  Jnly  6,  1874.  <  Proc.  Cal. 
Acad.Sci.,  v.  5,  pp.  334-337,  Dec,  1874. 

Ichthyic  Fao^a  of  Northwestern  America.  [By  Mortimer  Kerry,  pwndon, 
J.  M.  MCBPIIY.]  < Forest  and  Stream,  v. 2,  pp. 356, 357  (i  col.),  July  16, 
1874. 

The  Salraonidffi  of  the  Pacific.  [By  Mortimer  Kerry,  paeudon,  J.  M.  Mur- 
phy. ]     <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  2,  pp.  369, 370  (6  c. ),  July  23, 1874, 

Salmo  Quinnat  and  Salmo  Salar.  [By  Charles  Q.  Atkina]  <  Forest  and 
Stream,  v.2,pp.388,:J89  (2  c),  July  30,  1874. 

Eastern  Fish  in  California.  What  they  are  and  what  was  done  with  them. 
[From  "  Sacramento  Record,"]     <|  Am.  Sportsman,  v.  4,  p.  358,  Sept.  5, 1874. 

Oregon  Salmon  Fisheries.  [From  "Portland Oregoniau."]  <^ Am. Sportsman, 
V.  4.  p.  a7r^,  Sept.  12,1874. 

United  States  Fish  Hatching  in  California.  [Editorial.]  <^Forest  and 
Stream,  v.  3,  p.  84  (3  col.), Sept.  17,1874. 

Salmon  Fisheries  on  the  Columbia.     <^Am.  Sportsman,  v.  4,  p.  412,  Sept.  26, 

1874. 

The  Salmon  Fisheries  of  Oregon.  <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  3,  pp.  155,  174, 
Oct.  15, 22, 1874. 

Annual  Record  of  Science  and  Industry  for  1873.  Edited  by  Spencer  F. 
Batrd,  with  the  assistance  of  eminent  men  of  scieuce. — New  York:  Harper 
&  Brothers,  Publishers,  Franklin  Square.     1874.     [12°.] 

Shipments  eastward  of  California  Salmon,  p.  433. 
.  Shad  in  the  Sacramento  River,  p.  449. 

Shod  in  California  waters,  p.  449. 

Pacific  Cod-fisheries  of  1873,  p.  458. 

Taking  California  Salmon  with  the  Hook,  p.  4ti4. 

Revision  des  esp^oes  da  groupc  des  fipinoefaes.  Par  M.  B.  B.  Banrafa* 
<N<mT.  Arch.  Hns.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  1. 10.  pp.  5-33,  pi.  1, 1874. 


1974— RiTOCtof  the  Commi^nnere  of  FiahvriM  of  the  Slate  of  California  for  the 
yea»»  1W2  and  ler73.— San  Francisco:  Francis  &.  Valeulinc,  printers  and 
«0fl*vi:jcm,  617  Clay  stTvtit ;   li^4.     [8^,3^  pp.] 

TttitMl  8tot«a  CoiumiMtion  of  Fish  niid  Fisheries.  Part  11, — Report  of  the 
CammbKicmpr for  lH7*i  au«l  I'lTS.  A— Intjairj'  into  the  (I*M!reaReaf  thr  Food- 
FUbc*.  R — Tlio  pri>pa^'.iriou  of  Fo^Mi-Fishes  in  the  \vatcrt}  of  the  Fiiitrd 
8Ul<«L  With  iupplenofntary  pupBrd.  Washington:  (lovemment  FriultJig 
Oflke,  1974.  [cP.fi  p.  I.,  cii,  (1),  HO^  pp.,  38  pi.,  3  raapi*  folded.] 
Report  of  the  CommieainniT.    pp.  i-xi<ii, 

Ai»peudix  B. — The  Salmon  and  the  Trout,  (spticioii  of  Salmo).    pp.  89-:V!!4. 

Ut.* — On  tbu  North  Americiinspeciefl  of  Httlnion  and  Trout.  By  George 

Suokiey,   i*nrgeon.   United   Stiitfs  Army.     (Written  in   |H(il.)'  pp. 

91-100. 

VI. — Report,  of  oporations  dnring  1872  at  tho  United  Rtates  Salmon- 

Hnlrhing  Eatnldishnirnt  im  the  MX'lond  River,  and  on  th»  Cnliromiu 

Sahnnni<ta>  generally;  with  a  list  of  siwrimeoH  (Collected.     By  I*iv- 

ingston  atone,    pp.  }08-'J13. 

XJI— On  the  Sperltlnd  Tront  of  Utah  Lftlce,  8alDio  virgiiialut,  Ginird 

By  Dr.  H.  C.  Tarrow,  U.  8.  A.  Letc.].     pp.  3f.:t-:M',H. 
XIII. — MlsoellancoUH  notoa  and  corroHpon deuce  relative  to  Salmon  oitd 
Tront,     (pp.  :J«>-;ffU),  viz:— 
D — On  the  cililile  itualities  of  tho  Sacramento  Salmon. 

Throckmorton.  1    pp.  373-:t74. 
E — On  Ibe  Sa I niuu-Fiahcrioa  of  the  Saorauiouto  River. 
stoii  Stone,  j     pp.  374-37!!. 
-AalmoTi-hat^htni  on  ML*Cloud  River.     [By  Wm.  Kt  Turner.] 

Moutlily.  V.  14,  pp.  7!»-d&,  Jfin.  \f^i>. 
fcode  btdriift  til  unnlink  Ichthyo^riiiiliie.— I.  Foreloliim*  Med<Ielfl>M>rnin  nor- 
Aiakf  Ulkefake.     Af  Dr.  Chr.  Liitken.     (Meddelt  den  :nte  MiirtK  og  iVMn 
lf>7G.)   <VidunAkal>eUg«fru  den  NjiturhlHtoriskf?  Foreniug  KJobenhavn, 
l«W;,  pp.  35a-38«;  Fr.  tranH.,  pp.  7'^-i)'*,  187H. 
IciithyologiitcJic  UoitrI);e  (II).     Von  Frans  Steindachner.    129.  April  IH75. 
<eilAb.  K.  Akad.  \Vis«M)t*eh.,  B.  71,  Abth.  i,  pp.  443-4K»,  ie7&. 

(III).     Von  Prana  Stelndachner.     17.  Jiiui  1H75. 
-'.nsf  h.,  B.  7ii,  Altth.  i.  pp.  *->*»-;«;,  1K7.V 

ir«  |iiifliriil.'Lrixtul:  D.  ■]).  XtniehthyM  ealifurniwiuiiM,  ScarpiM  ealifor- 
^itr*.  >iii.  fHi'liOnu  fnti/omifnsia,  AihrriiiofiM  Q.  ff.  or  n-  ■■  g-  >Ari!iro'<)"|t>^ 

DiHlfplMa  of  a  V**w  Species  of  Trout  lix>m  Mendocino  County.  [Typical 
■pv^MMfn  in  lb<'  collection  of  L'alifuruia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  ]  By 
W.  R  Oibboaa,  AtaniMla.  June  22,  IW-'j.  <Proc.  Cul.  Acad.  Sei..  v.  6, 
pp.  11^141. 

Finhplantini;.     [Sif^nod  B.  J.  Hooper.]     <Forc«t  and  Stream,  v. 
■ .  ,.,.    ill, 30,  Aiif*.  19,  1875. 

[Signed  *'Wamm."]     <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  G» 


[By  S.  R. 
By  LiviDg- 
<^Ovci'IumI 


[Signed  B,  J.  Booper.]     <  Forest  and  Stream, 


rr'**Ttmp  in  Colorailo. 

■  ig.  at;,  iflTS. 

I  :    ih  n(  the  l*ari6c. 

T.  &,  p.  X,  AnK.  ^  1975. 

J!ttl»uci  Fiwbini;  ictit  and  weat — How  they  tulte  Ihein  in  Cnlifornia.     [Siipied 
D  DuniLl     <^  Forest  and  Stn>am,  v.  o,  p.  3tf,  Au>»-  '^'u  1*^-''. 
thOMtitli  tb**  roliiiao  and  not  RubardiantMl  tu  the  pu-ta. 

II 4     ■ 


50 


1875— California  Salmon.     Wl»en  to  tAk«  thorn  with  n  fly.     [Signed  "PodKew.* 

<  Forvel  And  Stream,  v.  5,  pp.  W,  54,  Sept.  a,  ll:<7&. 

Soliuoii  St'opes  fnjHi  tin.'  McCIoml  River,    [By  Sir  Rose  Price.]  <Forefll  an^ 
Stream,  v.  f>,  p.  54,  Sept.  2. 1875. 

Fiahiug  in  Montana.     [Signed  A.  B.  Keelor  ]    <  ForeM  and  Stream,  v.  5, 
M,  Sept.  2.  1^75. 

The  Spookled    Beaatiofi  ISaltna  fontinaUii'\   in    Colorado.     [From  **Dcav( 
News."]    <Rod  and  Gun,  v.  6,  p.  'MS,  Sept.  $,  1875. 

IMvhing  in  tbe  McCIoud  Riror.     [By  Sir  Rose  Price.]     <RodAudOun, 

c,p.aJ2.s«pt.  n,  1S7G. 

Carp  in  Califoruia.    [By  H.  J.  Hooper.]     <  Forei^t  and  Slream^  v.  5,  p.  Ill 
Sept.  :J0,  1875. 

Califoruia  AngUug.     [Dy  E.  J.  Hooper.]    <  Forest  and  Stroomf  r.  5,  p.  K 
Oct.  7,1875. 

FloraaiidFannaof  Cftlifnmia.  [By  VT.M.  Hinckley.]   < Forwrt  and  Str« 
v.S.p.  146,  Oct.  14,  lts75. 

Lake  Taboo,  Cal.     It*   Snenev^  and  Tront    Fisbing.     [By  B.  J.  Hooper.] 
<Por««t  and  Strpam,  v.  5,  p.  151,  Oct.  14, 1875.  ' 

ShipniFntA  of  California  Salmon  oggs,     [By  Livingston  Stone.]     <  Foi 
and  Stream,  v. 5,  p.  179.  Oct.  28,  1875. 

Sea  andliay  Fishing  in  Uallfornia. — Woudt-reof  th«decp.     [By  E.  J.  Hooper. 

<  Forest  nud  Stream,  v.  5,  pp.  lOT,  lU^,  Nov.  4,  1875. 

Illegal  tralHc  in  Salmon.     <  Forvst  and  Stream,  t.  5,  p.  217,  Nov.  11,  It 

[Froui  San  /'i-UMCiwo  Ihii/y  Evminff  /*»«(.] 

ProgretM  of  Ft«li-i.-nlture  in  California,     [by  S.  J.  Hooper.]     <^ Forest  an 
Stream,  v.S.jrp.  19.— 227,  How  18, 1875. 

The  Oregon  Salmon  FinlmrieB.     [^non.]     <ForoBt  and  Struam,  T.d,  p. 
Nov.  18, 1875. 

Comparative  sixo  of  Tmnt  in  Europe  and  America.     [By  B.   C.  C.    i 

Clarke.]     <Fort*at  and  Stream,  v. 5,  p. 2:10,  Nov.  1h.  iK7r>. 

On  what  du  Salmoti  Feodt    [F^diloriul  fmni  E.  J.  Hooper's  obftervationa,] 

<rorv»t  and  Slrenm,  v,5,p.2at),  Per.  9,  1875, 

Difltribntion  of  CaUfomia  Ova.     <^ Forest  and  Stream,  v.  5,  p.  231,  Doc.  II 
1675. 

lohtbyoIogiBcbe  Ueilra)«c  (IV).     Yon  Franz  Stelndacbner.     l'>.  Decemboi 
1875.     <8itba.  K.  Akoil.  Wiw*cu8ch.,  B  7-',  Ablli.  i,  pp.  &51-*>l(i,  I'^.V 
[S  WMt-ooavt  qxwtw  'kwrlbed.] 

Tmckoe  River  Trout.  [.-InoH.]    <Forr»t.  and  Stream,  v.S.p.aoe,  Dec.  23,  I* 

What  do  Salmon  oatf     [By  R.  Tallant.]     <[Fore«t  and  Stream,  v.  5,  p.i 
Doc  2.1,  1875. 

Annual  Rrrord  of  Sri^nce  and  Imlustry  for  1874.    Edited  by  Spencer 
Baird.  with  tht»  asHistanre  of  emiuont  men  of  wionce. — New  York:  llnrpt 
&.  Brothers.  Fnbliuhers.  Frnnklin  S(|nRpe.     1875.     [12^.] 
J.  Pi"*cicultiiiv  and  tbfl  Fisherips,  pp.  419-128. 
Aliuikii  Cod-linherips  in  l87;i.    p.  424. 
Storking  a  i>ond  in  Utah  with  Eela.  'p. 428. 
Deetruotion  of  Fiah  on  tbo  Orogon  ooeet  with  nitro-glycertne,  |i.1 


51 


■k  re>yart  on  lli«  conrlition  nf  uETuirH  in  thp Territory  of  Aln«ka.  By  Henry  W- 
BQlott. «,'  -lit  t>f  the  Trv»»ury  Oopartmont.— Waahiiigtou  :  C^ovuru- 

Cbnptor  \  111. — l-'iahuml  ristH'rics.    The  riflhenenof  Aliwkn.  pp.  165-107. 

tThuiaf^MM^uMall}  uMn-oJ  txlttluit  nf  llierrport  of  Mr.  EUioU^  pnliUiiliotl  Ui  IHTS.  | 

Deiuinm«ot  of  the  lDt«rior. — Bulletin  uf  Tliu  Unitt'd  Stat**«  (ieoloj^ical  anil 
Gco^nipbicBl  Survey  uf  thti  Tomt^rioB,  F.  V.  Hnydou,  United  StatcD 
ljn>ln;fi!it-LM-Ch^r^o.  1HT4  itad  1875.  Vol  1. — Wushiugt^ii:  .Oovumment 
1  ortSce.     IrfTa.     [?-',  xiii  pp.-i-lW  pp. +77  pp. +499  pp.+19  U.  un- 

i  |>l..  'A  lUApR,   1   WtXMlcilt.J 

H  -Ivpattvl  TtnlWinn  Von.  1.  2.  "  Flrat  S<t1c«."  ami  nf  Ilm  con- 

Uuu"  "«■  1  to  4  iiirlu.itv(s   "SoctmU  Setit^s,"  rnmlabiMl  with  xiii  pp. 

cxUa  iM^'                        »>•  uiA,  ate).    Thu  tUatliiuUoa  "St^ricft"  is  cot  mHlnialu^Hl  after 

nm  Serui$,  1874. 
Ko.  a,     [83,  77  pp.,  1.] 

B#»v1ew  of  the  Vert4'brata  nf  the  ('n-rncroita  Puriml,  found  west  of  the 

Mimiffiippi  River.     By  Edward  D.  Cope,  A.  M.     pp.  Tj-IS. 
SuppUiuitintary  N'otictw  i»f  I'i«ln*,H  froin  tin-  l'rrflhwat«r  Tortiariesof  the 
Bocky  MouotaiDH.     [  Hy  Edward  D.  Cope,  A.  M.]    pp.  4!l-ol. 
&x'OMd  &Ti«,  1975-1876. 
Ho.  I.     [>»^47pp.] 

On  th«  FinhcA  of  tbn  Tertiary  Shale»  of  the  Bonth  Parle  [Colorado]. 
B>  E.  D.  Cop«,  A.  M.     pp.  3-5. 

L*  ChasM*  aiix  animuu:i  niarins  t^t  leu  p6ol)cries  choz  lee  Indigenes  de  la  cAtc 
tiord'oueiit  d'Ara^nqne,  par  m.  Alph.  Pinart. — ll<inIn;{nA-niir-Rier,  Imp.  db 
Chftrlnt  Aigro,  4,  Hue  dc»  Vieillardji.     I'r'T.'V.     [B-,  15  pp.] 

B^giAMT  DeiMtttia(>tutf  Unitoil  Statt-a  Army. — |icport  upon  Geo);^upbical  and 
OvOiO^Cftl  P.xplonittnrtM  ami  SnrveyA  went  nf  the  One  Hundrt'dtli  Mfridiaiv 
bi  ehargr  uf  KirsI    Lieut.  <.».  M.  Wheeler,  Corps  of  Enj^iuei-p*,  V.  S.  Aiiny, 
Bodor  Um!  directitMi  of  BHp.  Gen.  A.  A.  HnmphniyH,  Chief  of  EnginCfrK, 
U.  8-  Army.     Piililished  by  uutborUy  of  lion.  Wm.  W.  Hflknap,  Secr**lary 
uf  Wor,  ia  aecurdancu  with  ucts  of  Conj^rraa  of  .Fnne  2;!,  |H74,  and   Kr'lirn- 
vy  15.  tWS.     In  nix  volumes,  acronipanicd  !»y  one  topo^raphi^^.'hl  and  one 
poologiral  atlas.— Vol.  V.— Zoology.— Washington  :  GovLTUiuent  Prinlinj^ 
OttflB.     Ur75.     |4  0 
Cbapuir  VI.— lifporl  |  iipoii  |  thi*  collections  of  Fi^hea  |  made  in  portionn 
nf  I  Xevmln,  I'tah,  California,  Colorado,  N<iw  Mexico,  and  Arizona,  | 
durinic  1  i\w  yf»rn  IH7I,  IK7-2.  1873,  ami  1874.    |  By  |  I'rof.  E.  D.  Cope 
aud  t>r.  B.  C  Tarrow.=pp.  0:«»-7ai,  pi.  '2f»-39. 
Appendix, — Dcaorlptliin  of  u  Miigiloid  FiNh  from  the  Mottozoic  Strata 
of  Colorado  [SytLemnK  latifronit,  Cope],  pp.  701-703. 

IX.  ■fl  JiK^rw  c*n*<»ii,  Yiirrovr  (p.  MS,  pi  27.  f.  2).  Oita  ni'jra,  Cii\tt'  <p.  OflJ,  pi.  IHi.f.  31, 
<Wh  mmuri  ,:u\  V/trrow  (y.  OttO,  p!.  .11.  t.  1).  FT^borhynehvi  gUttiriu:  Citp*  (p.  070. 

^  <l  r  A  ' f^  <ii.  Mti.  pi.  80.  f.  I>.  QU^t  aeininudn  ip.  600.  pL  31,  (  I),  Panlottaut, 

Ot$m  (ih.  (,  p.  6;ah  CaioHomua  /«eu)iclMf  (p.  67>1.  pL  32,  f,  I). 

"TW  BMt  mlaotUkl  tui  It  thai  of  itie  Colomdn  iMWin 


Ip.  0»)  :- 


CTpftalU* 


PliiCuptaruB 

RriceatiiMlitiiiM 

040 

Mr«U 

(uliiiils 

MS 

LrpidutniHtn 

rittnia 

M3 

JttrroTil 

043 

CvmiiubUiya 

»(|i)iirni]nntu» 

000 

own  In 

047 

Aporope 

MltM'SlJ 

v«ntri«M* 

MB 

MS 

52 


ISYft— 


Gllft 

•grogl* 

002 

nigra 

OOi 

robnata 

061 

elegvu 

00* 

grarilfs 

085 

grafaamii 

065 

• 

zuwna 

006 

aemlnnda 

006 

emorii 

007 

HyborhynohaB 

•Iderios 

070 

CatoatoinidB 

Pantostens 

barduB 

078 

delphinaa 

073 

Catostomns 

insigne 

076 

discobotna 

on 

PtychutomuB 

congesttu 

080 

Goregonlde 

Coregonofl 

viUiamaonil 

OSS 

B&lmonidsB 

Solmo 

pleuritjcos 

608 

Cyprinodontlils 

Glrardbias 

Bonorienala 

006 

CottidiB  . 

Uranidw 

Theelerii 

090 

"  The  following  tpecieii  are  thoae  of  the  baain  of  Utah,  whether  ttom  trjbntariea  of 
Gnat  Salt  Lake  or  aot "  (p.  700) :~ 


Apocope 

carringtonii 

.  »•« 

henaharii 

0«5 

Tnlnerata 

OM 

Ceratiohthys 

blgnttotoB 

OSl 

Eybopals 

timpanogenafa 

054 

hiTittatuB 

000 

eoa 

phlegethontia 

057 

moDtaaa 

057 

bydrophlox 

058 

tenia 

058 

egregla 

oes 

Bnwma 

atrarla 

607 

ilyloleuooa 

polTeruleDtoB 

600 

paroraniu 

669 

Catoatomidat 

Pantosteai 

platyrhynchns 

673 

jnrrovU 

674 

Catostomae 

feonndna 

078 

Coregonide 

Coregonna 

▼ilUamsonii 

682 

Sabnonide 

Salmo 

TlrginalU 

685 

plcnriticna 

603 

Cottlde 

Uraoldea 

Theelerii 

696 

pnnctnlata 

607 

[In  both  of  the  preoeding  lists  the  enomeration  is  in  the  ordur  of  the  descriptioiu,  i 
not  of  the  lists,  wliich  deviate  considerably  tram  the  former.] 

ISTft. — Salmon  FiBhing  on  the  Mayo  River,  California.    [Anon.]    <[  Forest  a 
Stream,  v.  5,  p.  267,  1876. 

Califonua  Salmon  for  New  Hampshire.     <^  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  5,  p.  3 
Jan.  6, 1876. 

The  HcClond  River  Reservation.     [Editorial.]    <  Forest  and  Stream,  t, 
p.  355.  Jan.  13,  1876. 

Habits  of  Pacific  Salmon.     [By  Uvlngston  Stone.]     <  Forest  and  Strea 
V.  5,  p.  372.  Jan.  20, 1876. 

California  Shad.     [Anon.]    <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  5,  p.  372,  Jan.  20, 18 
(6  lines.) 

Angling  liar  £asteni  Salmon  (Salmo  saZor)  in  California  vmtexs.     [^im 
<F(»«lfc.«od4ltn»m,  t.  5,  p.  390,  Jaii.27j  1876. 


53 


FuhorioA  anil  B«a  Uona  of  California.     [Aoon.]     <  Forest  ojid  Stream, 

T.  6,  p.  aw,  Feb,  u,  i?ro. 

TbeNatiiral  and  Economic  History  of  tb(«  Sdliiiouida'' — gcogmpUlcal  dlstribn- 
tlon  and  artificial  culture.  By  Philo-Ichthyos.  <[  Forest  Aud  Stream,  pp. 
(itf-«*(No.  3),  lUtJ(No.  4),  lHJ<No.  b),  131  (No.  6),  147  (No.  7),  1G4  (No.  8), 
l7»(No.  8). 

Cbvck  List  of  lUe  FUdie«  of  the  Fn-sh  W»ter«  of  Xortb  Amorico.  Uy  David 
S.  Jordvi.  31.  S.,  M.  O.,  oiid  Herbert  B.  Copeland,  U.  S.  March  :t,  1H7<1. 
^  bulletin  of  tbe  Buflulu  Society  of  Natural  ^ioncea,  v.  2,  pp.  133-164. 
1«7G. 

ViviparouB  Perch:  [tboir  abuudance  at  Santa  Barbara,  By  H.  C.  7arTOW.] 
<  Forest  oud  Stream,  v.  0,  p.  13U,  April  H,  ltf7B, 

^■Angling  for  Smelts  in  Cnlifomia.  [By  B.  J.  Hooper.]  <  Foretit  and  Stream, 
r.6.  p.  IflC.  April  au.  1K7IJ. 

A  Viviporous  F'orrb.  [Editorial.]  <  Foreet  and  Stream,  v,  6,  p,  180,  with 
flg.,  April  a7,  Icfftt. 

Kogct  oin  S1ii«i;t«n  8oulv  (AHnrrkiohti*)  og  dons  nordiak«  Art«r,  Af  Profleesor 
Japetua  Btoeustrap.  MmI  en  Tavle.  <^  Videnakabeligo  Mcddolelser  (Vii 
dru  Nuliu'liuttoriak  Fort^uiu^  i  KJobenbavu,  lt(76,  pp.  loi>-Mif2,  tav.  3. 

lm<ju  Fittbrrlea  on  tbp  C'ubiuibiii  River.  [jIhon.  By  Bamet  PhiUipa — 
from  Appleton'a  Journal.]  <RoU  and  (ion,  v,  H,  pp.  131-l3'i  (0  uul.),  May 
97,  ltf76,  with^^tl^'s. 

Bamiirk»  ou  tbt*  VuriiuiM  FiMbfj*  [of  tbe  fiimily  of  Scorpu;uidii<]  kuovn  ae  Book 
Vw\.  By  W.  N.  Locklngton.  July  17,  lH7f>.  <  Proc.Cal.  Aood.8ci.,T.T, 
pp.  7»-«i. 

(X.  tp.  SttMstes  Ayrttii  jinipuacd  an  •  Kabiilitute  fur  H.  rotaerUM  of  Ayru«,  but  doC  of 

OlnnL 

KoteA  on  Some  Culifornia  Marino  Pushes,  with  description  of  a  new  s|>u<iieH. 
By  "W.  W.  Lockington.    July  17,  lW7(i.     <Proc.  C'aL  AciuL  Sci.,  v.  7,  pp. 

fV.  ipk  lrin"v(Mii«  Padjlatg,  MoKdalaaa  D«y.J 

Ichthyolo^iwjhe  Bei(nl){a  (V.)  Von  Franz  Stelndachner.  20.  Juli  1^70. 
<8iUb.  K.  Akoil.  WUsf^DBolL,  B.74,  Abtb.  i,  pp.—,  l/^U. 

[IX  wwil-nuiAl  ii]iecl<ui  elui-id«tc<l :    u.  b|>.  ArlMltUM  pttf/^t^iuiM,  Slphsffanug  barbatu», 
ffjfjttffantti  .SiMiHff,  tM*ik*a  n.  ^.    <  3(yi4>dft  tU^ttn*  Cooper) 

Lake  FiMbiuu  iu  California.  [By  Jl  J.  Hooper.]  < Forest  and  Stream,  v. 7, 
p.  5,  Aug.  10,lK7fi. 

rinbing  this  Seawo  [arunmer  of  ItfTb]  in  falifomiu.  [By  B.  J.  Hooper.] 
^Forest  and  Stream,  v.  7,  p.  21,  Aug.  17,  lH7ii. 

•  ttiitcH  on  Calii'omiau  FiAhe«.  By  VT.  N.  Irf>cklngtozL  September  4,  1076. 
<Proc.  Cal.  Acad.e4ci.,  v.7,  pp.  H>rf-llO. 

'  |X.  ap.  OratrapooHu  wirtdiM  (pniviaiuuaUj  Dniusd  an  p.  100)  from  AwmriWI  LJmwL  Lower 
Coltfbndail 

VoonActlcnt  Hirer  Sbail  for  California.  [By  8.  T.  Baiid.]  <Fonwt  and 
JSInyim,  v.  7.  pp.  i^^-4u,  Sept.  7,  1870. 

Cftlifoniia  fibatl.     [Auon.]    <Foro«l  and  Stream,  v.  7,  p.  83,  8«pt.  14,  1S76. 

The  Big  Fij»h  [Salmon  weighing  UK)  poands]  of  AJaeko.  [Anon.]  <Foraat 
and  Stream,  v,  7,  pp.  dt3-2U,  Nov.  9,  187C. 


64 


18*6— A-Dnnal  Eecord  of  SdenM  and   Industry  for  157'!.     Edited  by  Bpencer  T. 
Baird,  with  the  awutaucti  of  eiulseut  meu  of  scienoL',    Nuw  Vurk :  ilurpci 
&  Brothers,  Pabliaborv.  FraukUu  Sqauci.     197C.    [12°.] 
J.  Piacicaltnre  and  lh<'  Kishiries.    pji.  405-440. 
Sulmou  iu  tliL'  San  Juu(|nin.    pp.  4tti>-llll. 
Salmon  Troile  uf  iha  Columbia  River,     pp.  431-4:t2. 
Salmon  in  thu  Sacrameutu  Uiver.    p.  43^. 
Uuitod  Stntos  Halmuu-batcUlng  EstubltHbment,  pp.  434-435. 

Engineer  Department,  XT.  .S.  Ariny.-=  Keport  of  t-xploratious  across  tbo  Grentl 
Basin  uf  the  Territory  of  Utah  for  u  dirt-pt  wngnn-mnte  from  Cnmp  FIny<XJ 
to  Qeuoa,  iu  CiirHtui  Valley,  in  l?o£).     By  Capluin  J.  H.  Slmpaon,  CurpHoj 
Topographical  Engineers,  U.  8.  Army  [now  colouei  of  euK'it<^*^'ii*,  bvt.  brig. 
gcn.f  U.S.  A.].     JIa*le  by  authority  of  the  J>ecreturj-  uf  War,  and  under  in- 
stractiouft  IVnui  Bvt.  Brig.  (ren.  A.  8,  JuhuHtun,  V.  S.  Army,  t-omuiandiug  tbtt] 
Department  of  lltiih.    Washington :  Govcrumuut  Priutiug  Olllco.     IH76. 
ExplnratiunR  aoroMs  the  Oreat  RA«iu  of  Utsh.^  Appendix  L. — Rejmrt 
ichthyology.    By  Prof.  Theo.  Gill.    pp.  :kU-431,  tf  pi.,  with  d  L  expl 
atury. 
[Tbla  chapter  vm  wrltt4>n  iu  1881,  mul  not  HubiieqtiQiilly  nrrUtMl.) 

United  States  Commission  of  Fish  and  Fisheries.     Fart  III.— Report  of  1h«1 
Commiflsioner  for  1873-4  and  lJ^4-r».     A — Inquir>' into  the  decrciise  of  tho] 
Food-Fi«hes.     B — The  propagation  of  Food-Fitibes  in  the  wat^'n*  of  tb< 
United  States.     WuHhiugtun  :  Oovemmeul  Priutiug  OAic€\      1870.     ItP^  U^J 
777  pp.] 
Keport  of  the  Conuniaaioner.     pp.  vif-xlri. 
Appendix  A. — Sea  fisheries  and  tho  ijahos  and  invert<dirate« 

pp.  i-:uy. 

V. — Aocoont  of  the  fishories  and  seal-hunting  in  the  White  SoAf 
Arctic  Ocean,  and  the  C««pian  tka.     By  Alexander  Soholtft.    pp. 

:(5-9t;. 

Appendix  B. — ^Tho  river  ttsheries.    pp.  tfcil-640, 

XX. — Keport  of  operations  In  CRiifomia  in  1^3.      By  ItivlneRton^ 
Stone,     pp.  :^-l'29. 

A— Clear  Lake,     pp.  377-381. 

B — Sacrauietito  River,     pp.  3i:?2-38f>. 

C — Cntifomia  aquariuiu-car.     pp.  3fC>-3yO. 

T> — Overland  jiturney  with  live  sbud.     pi>.  300-402. 

E— Tho  McCluud  Kivrr  hlation.     pp.  l02-4'2:i, 

F — Catalogue  of  collections  si-nt  to  the  Smitlisonian  Inatltnttf 

iu  1^3.     pp.  424-427. 
G — A  list  of  lhlc('lond  Indian  words  supplemeuturj-  to  o  liwt  cou« 
tftined  in  the  report  of  leJ7S.    pp.  428-t^. 
XXI. — Hatching  and  di^^tribution  of  California  salmon. 

A — Re|«>rt  on  ('aUfonii.i  salnion-tfpawu  h.HiInMl  and  distribaUn 

By  J.  H.  Slack,  M.  D.     pp.  431^:U. 
B — Hatching  and  diKtrlbulion  of  Cnlifoniia  Milmon  in  tribntnrli 
of  Great  .Salt  Lako.     By  A.  P.  Rockwood,  Su[jerint<tu(lcut 
Fisheries  in  I'tub  Ti-rrHory.     pp.  ■i;(4-4;ir>. 
XXII. — Keport  of  oppmtionsduring  I'*74  at  the  United  States  salmDi 
batrhing  e8tal>IinUjntnit  im  the  McCIond  River,  I'alifnrniiu    By 
ingaton  Stone,     pp.  437-47t^ 
XXin. — CurrvMpoudeuce  relating  to  the  ban  Juaquin  lUvor  and 
flalies.    pp.  47'.M':Kt. 


55 

l8T7—Tlio  Trout  ofWawiliington  Territory.     <Forc8t  and  Sirwini,  v.7,p.413,reb. 

ComuMl  Salraou.     {Anon.]    <  Forest  and  Strenm.T.f^,  p.3S.  F«b.22. 1H77. 

On  the  G<!Ut>m>  of  Nortli  Ainrrtcnn  Prrah-wnter  Pialies.  [By  David  8.  Jor- 
dan uDd  Obarlea  B.  OUb«rt.  Feb.  27,  1^77.  <rrDC.  Auad.  Nau  8c. 
Philft^  y,  — ,  pp.  «:*-104.  April  17,  1877. 

TbfiOrc^n  Finb(.'ri>^a.  Iditom.  From  "Pooifiu  Life."]  <Fopeiit  and  8(ruaiUi 
r.S,p.4i».M*rcU  I.1S77. 

ruh  Cultoro  tu  CAliforaiu.     <Foro«t  and  Stream,  t.  &»  pp.  16,  81.  207.  X34. 

Aiiiinnl  Record  of  Hcicnco  aud  ludtuitry  fbr  1H76.    Edited  by  Spenoor  F. 
Baird.  with  tht«  oAsiHtnnnA  of  cuiiiiBiit  iiu^u  of  8uienci\ — New  York:  Jlar|H)r 
dc  Brotbeni.  I'ublUboni,  Friutklin  Squar*.     1877.     [l^o.] 
1.  Pii»cioaltiLr«  and  tbu  Fiahorioa,  pp.  385-410. 

Bionuial  Report  uf  the  CaliforaJn  Fisli  ComralMion  [abBtracl].   pp 

40I-4(W. 
CultivtttioD  of  Carp  in  California,    p.  403. 

Department  of  the  Interior:  U.S. National  MiiHeuoi.— Btill^tiu  of  tho  Kiilt*Ml 
States  Katioual  Muacuui. — No.  7. — riiblishiMl  nudi'r  the  ilirnction  of  the 
8ffiithaoaiuo  luatitntimi.  WiMhingtoa:  Goveniinont  Printing  OlTico, 
IHTT.     [cf^l 

No.  7. — C^ODtribntitma  to  the  Natural  Hi«tor>'nf  lhr>  Hawaiian  iiml  Kaii- 
uing  lalaada  and  Lower  Califbmia.     Ity  Tbofl.  H.  Streeta,  M.  I). 

Trout  Fifthiug  in  Southwestern  Colorado.  <^  Forest  and  Streant,  v.  8,  pp.  ItiU, 
190,  May  3,  I&n. 

California  .S»Iinon  Spawn  for  Shipment.  <  Forest  and  Stroaro,  v.  ^,  p.  I!»l, 
May  3,  it!E77. 

FUbini;  in  Lakes  San  AndreoH  und  Filervitacs  Cnlilonitu.  [By  XJ.  J.  Hooper.} 
<^¥oTvM  and  Stream,  v. 8,  p. 270,  May  31,  IH77. 

Contributions  to  North  American  Ichthyology.  Based  Primarily  on  the  Col- 
leotious  of  the  United  Statca  National  MuM^um. 

A.  Notes  on  the  Cottidw,  Etheoetomntida:,  PcrcidH%  CentrarchidWr 
Aphotluderidie,  Dorj'twmutidHs  and  Cypriiiitln'.  With  Ke visions  of 
the  Genera  and  Di'wiriptiumi  of  New  or  LittI«'-kno«'n  Spi-cies.— B.  i*y- 
nopsif^  of  the  Siluridie  of  the  t'resh  Water**  of  North  America.  By  Da- 
vid S.  Jordan.  Washington:  Govt-nuueut  Printing  OOicc.  lf^77.  [8-, 
*         9  title-p»gt*s,  12(1  pp.,  45  platcM.] 

(  Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Nationai  Mueeum,  No.  10.  ) 

ircioud  aud  flaoTamento  River  Trout.  [From  "San  Francisco Paeiilc  Life."] 
<  Forest  aud  Stream,  v.  B,  p.  399,  Jane  14,  1?^77. 

Stocking  the  Barren  Watemorthe  Great  Dividu.  [By  J.W.B,]  <  Fon^eC 
and  Stream,  v.  B,  p.  400,  July  ly,  lr?77. 

Caltfonila  Salmon  in  L:tke  Otitorio.  [By  Sam.  'Wilmot]  <  Forest  and 
Stream,  v.ii.  p.  419,  July  vfO,  lci77. 

tCalifomia  Salmon  in  the  James  River,  Va.  <  Foreat  and  Stream,  v.  H,  p. 
400.  Jnly    19.1677. 

Halduntf  on  the  Colnmbi^.     <Porc«t  and  Stream,  v.  8,  p.  4120,  July  26,  1877* 


:  I. .-        .  -  •» . 


f  fif  9 — Thi»  Xorwfty  Tront  of  the  Yollowsionc.     [Arntn.']    < Forest  and  Stream,  r. 
_  UK  (..  IT'i  [iy&],  April  II,  If*7H. 

Fkof.  JortUo  on  ChoraL'tBriHtics  of  Trout.  [Signed  D.  S.  Jordan.]  <  FoksU 
«oil  8ti«mu,  T.  1(1.  p.  1%,  April  11,  l&H. 

(CoiiUIdb  •Qgffcwtiou  that  tbv  original  lUidflsli  it  Hvpt\far%o  ktnntrl^] 

Manual  of  tLe  Vertebrates  of  tht^  Nurilicru  Vnited  States,  iuclniling  the  Dis- 
trict COAX  of  tilt*  Mi.^iiuiippi  River  uiul  norili  of  Nurlh  Cartiliuii  mid  Tunii- 
<«»tt',  f-xclusivo  of  iiianiiti  specitw.  By  David  Starr  Jordan,  Ph.  D.,  M. 
D.,  Hrofeasorof  Natural  History  in  Butler  LnlvyrHiiy.  6e:ond  Kditiou,  re- 
vidt'daud  eDlitrgml. — Cliicngo:  Jansen,  MoCIurg  &.  Company,  1(578.  [Vi^. 
■407  pp.,  put).  May  10.] 
[CmlAlni  synopRlii  of  the  Amoricau  Saimoninai  uitl  Congotkifum.\ 

CftUfomia  Fisbing  Proiipecta.  [Signed  B.  J.  Hooper,  ]  <  Foreat  and  Stream, 
T.  10,  p,  a:l9,  May  2,  1«78. 

Kotes  on  a  Collodion  of  FinhiM  from  the  Rio  Grande,  at  BrownsviUe,  Ttfxas. 
By  David  8.  Jordan,  M.  D.  <BuU.  U.  8.  Gcol.  and  Gcog.  8arv.  Torr.  v. 
4,  tpp-  :®7-4tm.  Uixy  3;]  v.  4,  pp.  CtSWitj?,  July  29,  1879, 

[A(Mviiiiriii>  ur  nyiferuearjma  Trtukii  luiliratml  oa  iin  unknowu  Lob^old  tbrtn  nip. 
uid  (I'-nt^ntwil  am  ibv  t)'p«of  &  new  gviiufl  luid  S]>.  at  p.  O07.    Tbtt  •pMitme&a  had 
prulHiOlji'  iuiaplMM(t| 

A  Cata]o;{nc  of  tbe  Fishes  nf  the  Frosh  Waters  of  North  Amerira.  By  David 
8.  Jordan.  M.  D.  <BuJ!.  U.  8.  Geol.  and  Oc»og.  Surv.  Terr.,  v.  4,  pp. 
4ii:-l4'J,  May  3,  ld78. 

[A  •lru[ilr-  uomln&l  Uat  of  the  ftvali-vmiler  Hpecloa  aurth  of  the  Meiimui  rrfiton.) 

Spawning  of  California  Bruok  Truut  ui  Nuw  York.  [By  Jamoa  Aiuiin,  jr., 
Caledonia,  N.  ¥.].     <Chica«o  Field,  v.  9,  p.  182,  May  4.  167a     [F.  M.] 

California  Salmou  on  Long  iHland,  Httccess  of.  By  a  int'mbor  of  the  SonUi 
Sido  ClQli.     <ChicaKO  Field,  v,  9.  p.  1)^2,  Mi'y  4.  liiTS,    [F.  M.  ] 

Tront  Hyhridn.  [PoNsibility  of  intenrroHning  Eruteni  and  Califoniiiui  Troots. 
Editorial.]     <Forcat  and  Stream,  v.  10,  p.  25.5.  May  9,  l^H- 

California.  [Noiit^e  uf  distrUmtion  of  land-lockt^d  Salmon  aitd  Eaetom  Trout 
by  Fiab  Comrautdoners.  ]     <Fore0t  and  Stream,  t.  10,  p.  255,  May  9,  1H78. 

hfa%'i»*st  Amerieau  Salmnu.     [\otico  of  one  wri^hhiK  >^i  jHtunda  rnught 
rt  lJi»f  nimitb  of  Mie  Coliinibift  EiviT.    By  John   Qoudy.J     <^Foriwt  aud 
jjwn,  V.  Itt,  1).  UTu-i,  May  9,  1879, 

Bafanan  canning  on  Frurcr  River,  [By  Fred.  Mather.]  <Chicago  Field, 
V.  9,  p.  196,  May  15,  1878.    [F.  M.] 

CJ. — A.  On  the  Distribntlon  of  tbe  Fishes  of  the  Allegheny  Region  of  South 
Camliua,  Ciforgia,  aud  TenneBHOi-.  With  Di'scriptimis  of  Nuw  or  Little- 
knu%fTi  8pecir«.  By  David  .S.  Jordan  and  Alenibfrt  W.  Braytou.— B, 
Synopftin  of  tht^  Family  Catostoinidiu.  By  DaWd  S.  Jonl.'iu.  Washington  : 
Gorernment  Printing  Office.     187S.     (8vo,  837.) 

Run  nf  Salmon  in  Califonita.      Kote  by  A.  R.      <[Chioago  Field,  v.  9,  p.  2SS9, 

May  45,  1K78.    [F.M.] 

Sbail  iu  ('jhhfoniia.  Annonuceincut  of  two  taken  in  San  FrancLsco  Bay  i^lny  1. 
Nola  by  B.  B.  Porter.    <Cbi<:ago  Field,  v.  fi,  p.  229,  May  2.>,  1873.    [F.  M.] 

CallCbmla  Salmon.  [Notic^i  of  their  aacetit  np  the  McCloud  and  Baenuneut4> 
rironi  In  May.)     <F«re«t  and  Stn-iam,  v.  10,  p.  35(1,  Jnut»  6,  1878. 

Snlninn  ronuiug  in  Oregon  and  Califuniia.  [Editorial.  With  three  irood- 
cuta.]     <ForeHt  and  Stream,  v.  10,  p.  ;K)8,  Juno  27,  1878. 


1978— Another  shipment  of  Shed  to  Califoruitt.    Notice  by  Pred.  Mather.     <CW- 
i-ngo  FiL-1.1,  V.  0,  p.  30e,  July  6,  1878.     [F.  M.] 

CotiforuU  Salmon  iu  Lake  Outurio.  [By  John  J.  Robson.]  <ronsiit  and 
Stream,  v.  10.  p.  482,  July  25, 1978. 

Salmon  cfttining  iu  Alaska.  An  account  of  the  obJtMitioiu  of  the  Indiana  to 
the  landing  of  a  lot  of  Chinese  tish  canaers.  From  AioBfca  Cor.  '*N.  Y. 
Sun."    <Chicii{5o  Fluid,  v.  0,  p.  371,  July  27,  1678.     [F.  M.] 

Notes  on  a  Collection  nf  FiBhea  from  Clackamae  River,  Oregon.  By  David 
S.  Jordan.  M.  D.     <Pnic.  U.  8.  Nat.  Moschdi,  v.  1,  pp.  C9-85,  Aug.,  1*8- 

The  Labrador  and  Columbia  Kiver  Fiahcrioa.  fFrom  the  "Now  York  Sun."] 
<, Forest  and  Stream,  v.  10.  p.r»07,  Aug.  1, 1378. 

The  Mysterious  Salmon.  A  quotation  from  the  "Afitorian'*  on  tho  subject  of 
tlie  aalmon  taking  the  artitlcinl  dy,  with  (-diturin.!  comment  by  Fred.  Ma- 
ther.   <ChicagoField.  T.9,p.3S7,  Ang.3.187a      [F.M.] 

The  McClond  River  Hatchery.  [By  K.  B.  Pratt.]  <  Forest  and  Stream,  t. 
ll,p.2,  Aug.«,le7H. 

FiahOomip:  Abmidaiu*4^  of  Salmon  in  thi*  McClond  Rivor,  and  tlioir  annoy- 
ance to  anglen  ^vben  tiabtng  for  Tront.  [It^'m  from  *'San  Fraucii^co  Chrou- 
iole,"  with  odit^irial  comment  by  Fred.  Mather.  <Cbioagn  Fi(.*ld,  v.  9, 
p,  403,  Aug.  10,  It^H.      [F.  M.  ] 

Gomenofls  of  the  Quinnat  Salmon.  [By  Tarleton  B.  Bean.]  <:^ Chicago 
Field,  V.  10,  p.  4.  Aug.  17, 187«.     [F.  M,] 

The  Fnwer  River  Salmon  Season.  [From  the  "New  York  World.**]  <For- 
OBt  Hud  Stream,  v.  11,  p.  00,  Aug.  2S,  1878, 

Fishing  in  Northern  California.     [By  XL  J.  Hooker.]    <Forceit  and  Scream, 

•V.  11,  p.  51,  April  IW,  1878. 

Trout  Fishing  in  Tmckeo  River.  Correspondent  of  the  "  Sacramento  Union." 
<Cliicago  Field,  V.  10. p. 2(.»,  Aug. 24, 1878.      [F.M.] 

Trouting  iu  Nevada.  Cutchiug  tliem  Iu  the  wutt^r-worka  at  Gold  Hill  and 
Virginia  City.      [From  "Virginia  City  Chronicle."]     <Chicago  Field,  v. 

10.  p.  — .  Sept.  14, 1878.     [  F.  M.  ] 

Good  News  from  California.  [Anacoonntof  fisb-laildersin  thnTmcktwRivur, 
from  the  "Tnickee  Republican."]     <Chlcago  Field,  t.  10, p. 84,  Sept. SI, 

187a 

Salmon  One  Cent  Eaoh.  [  item  from  Fnuer  Rirer,  from  California  paper,  with 
editorial  comment  by  P.  Mather.]  <  Chicago  Field,  v.  10,  p.  101,  Sept.  26, 
1878.     [F.M.] 

Salmon  Canning  on  Colnmbift  River.  An  apconnt  of  thr»  prorcfus,  with  «tat)6< 
tics.    By  Fred.  Mather.    <ChIcagoFioId,v.lO,p.  l01,Sept.28,l878.    [F.M.] 

Note  on  the  Baitruslucioceps  of  Ayrvs.  [By  W.  N.  Lockington.]  ^Ann. 
&  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (r»),  v.  2.  pp.  348, 349,  Oct..  1878. 

McClond  Rivf*r  H:itcbing  Station.  Daily  Rnronl  of  Sahuou  taken.  [Signed 
Idvingaton  Stone.  ]     <  Forwt  and  8tn»am,  v.  1 1,  p.  203,  Oct.  10, 1878. 

California  Trout  iu  New  York.     [By  Beth  Oreen.]    < Forest  and  Stream,  y. 

11.  p.  203,  Oct.  10,  1878. 

HoCIond  River  Hatchery.  [Table  of  Distribution  uf  Salmon  Eggii  daring 
1878.]    <  Fonwt  and  Stroam,  v.  U.  p.  222,  Oct.  17, 1878. 


-Uwd-lorkinfr  fbe  Qninnat  Salmon.  Experiment  of  H.  0-.  Parker.  Commii- 
•iimer  ou  FisUme^i  for  Nevada,  in  Pyramid  aud  Wulkur  Lukes.  <^  Chicago 
rUUl.  V.  10,  p.  Uw.  Ocl, «»,  1«78,     [F,  M.  ] 

Th*  YnllowBtone  u«  a  Trout  atrenm.  [Anon.1  <  Forest  and  Stream,  t.  11,  p, 
aw.  *.>ct.  31 .  1878. 

Axiotbcr  Devil  Fish  Story.  Acoouiit  of  dovil-fii^h  {Cvratopttra)  iiitorferiof; 
wilh  a  Aabmnrine  diver,  from  Califoruin  paper.  <Chicapo  Field,  v.  10, 
p.lBl.Nav.2,ie7ti.      [F.M.] 

Walks  around  Sau  Francisco.  Uy  "W.  N".  Lockington.  Nu-  III. — Lake 
Honda  and  Sml  Km^k.     <Am.  Nat.,  v.  W,  pp.  78<i-7IKt,  Dec,  187H. 

[y.  8p.  BJiQcitoma  StovM.  p.  ;03.| 
Abto.— "No,  I.— The  Ocean    Beach"   (v.  I'J,  pp.  347-354)  and  [No.  II.—] 
"The  Bay  Shore"  <v.  12,  pp.  505-51'2]  have  nothing  relatiTO  to  fisbca. 

Imo  qninnat  in  France.     [Dy  Fred.  Mather.]    <  Fonwt  and  Strvnm,  v.  11, 
p.  a»>.  Vw.  5,  IHTH,     [Si'i\  also,  jip.  3311.  340,  Nov.  ii8, 1878.] 

On  the  oconrrenct?  of  StichioQH  pnnotatuH.  (Fubr.)  Kroycr,  at  St.Michajl'a, 
jUnaka.  By  Taileton  H.  Bean.  <  Proc  U.  JS.  Nat.  Museum,  v.  1,  pp.  279- 
231,  Dec.  17.  l>-7r*. 

Rtf'piirt  on  ihe  iiolleetion  of  FUhoa  mode  by  Dr.  Elliott  Couca,  U.  8.  A.,  in  l>ii- 

knWi  juhI   5luiitaiia  during  the  wafloua  of    1873  and  1^4.     Ity  David   S. 

Jordan.  M.  D.     <BalL  U.  S.Geol.  and  G«og.  Surv.  Terr.,  v.  4.  pp.  "TT-TW, 

Uoc.n.l-TH. 

Jtr'oCc.— I CufiUhu  Au  "onulysis  of  tbc  ^ners  of  AmcrioAu  Cj-prinida),  uid  reference  of 

Pftdfle  nktpe  geotirft  lo  European  typoa,  at  pp.  TB5-7(M.  ] 

California  Salmon  in  Holland.  LEditorial.]  <For«ttt  aud  Stream,  v.  11,  p. 
4aO,D«c.2£   1878. 

46ib  Cuii|pr*>w,  3d  Hewion.  |  Houwi  of  Kepi-enoaratives.  |  Ex.  Doc.  1,  pi.  2.  Vol. 
II.  I  =  I  Annual  Report  |  of  the  |  Chief  of  Engineers  |  to  the  |  Secretary 
of  War  1  for  the  |  year  1878.  |  —  |  In  three  parts.  1  —  |  Part  III.  |  —  1  "WaAh- 
laglon :  |  Uovcmment  Printing  Odieo.  |  lifiii.  \ 

Appendix  NN.  |  —  |  Annual  Keportof  Lienienam  George  M.  Wlieeler,  | 
Coriw  of  Engiueem,  for  tlie  fiacal  year  ending  |  June  :tO,  IrfTK  [pp. 
1421— 

K.  I  Report  njMiu  lli«  Fishes  collected  during  the*  youre  IHTS,  1676, 
'tfd  IHT?,  in  I  CaUfomia  and  Nevaila.  by  Prof.  David  S.  Jordan  and  H. 
"W.  Benobaw.    [pp.  IBO^-IGSS,  pll.  1-4.] 

AiMM-ndix  K   I.  )  Liet  of  Marinrt  Fishea  collected  on   the  coast  of  California 
fi*Ar  Sanitt  1  Rtrbara  in  1H75,  with  notea  by  Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow,  Acting 
AwKunt  Surgoon  |  U.S.A., an<l  H.  'W.  Henahaw.     [pp-  16'23-16'27.] 
P.  lAlO,  pL  1,3,  OtteftomiM  (ahomtU  iitt]  »d<1  JortUn. 
V.  imo,  pi.  X  OaiufoMKj  itrtKopHt  Jurtkin. 
t'.  in«.  pt,  (,  8aimo  HeMhavri  Gill  nn<l  Jordan. 

Th^  SiKirlamanV  Gazetteer  and  General  Gnidi-.  The  Giune  Animals,  Birds, 
and  FiMlwa of  North  America:  Their  Habit*  and  Various  Methods  nf  Cap- 
iOKk  CopiouK  Instnirtious  in  Hhwling.  Fishing,  Tuxulerniy,  AVmnlcraft, 
rtp.  Together  with  mai».  Hv  Charlea  HaUock,  Editor  of  "Forest  an4 
Stream";  AiiUior  of  tho  "  Fisliing  TouriHt,"  '*  Camu  Lite  in  Florida,*'  eto 
Fonrtb  Edition.  New  York :  Fonwt  and  Stream  PubUshmg  Co.  197 
(ISttto.) 


1 8T8— Manual  of  thf^  Voiicbrfttcs  of  the  Norlbcrn  United  fitatra.  Tiirlnding  tho  Dt»- 
triot  East  of  the  MiAsisnippi  River,  und  North  of  Nortli  Carolina  ftmi  Teu- 
m^ftst't',  fxclimive  of  Marine  8pecirs.  By  David  Starr  Jordan,  Pb.  D..  M. 
D.f  Prof<!«MJr  of  Natiirul  Hialory  in  Sutler  Uuivcmity.  i^i'cuud  Edition,  Ke- 
Tified  and  Enlarged.  Chicago:  Jausen,  McClurg  Sc.  Co.  1&78.  (12uio, 
407  pp.) 

Thu  Califomiau  Salmon.  With  au  Account  of  its  Introtliirtiou  iuto  Victoria. 
By  Sir  Samuel  Wilaon,  Menibf  r  of  the  lA'gisldtive  C'ouuril  of  Victoria. 
Melbourno:  Sniiils  &  McDongnll,  Priiitt^rs,  l'olliji»  hlrft*>t  Went.     IH7t*. 

. — The  Nevada  Kisb-hatchvry.     [From  Carson  City  "Api>eal."]     <Chlcaga 
Field,  V.  10,  p.  332,  Juii.4,  lt(79.     [F.  M.J 

Capture  of  a  Dtivil-fiBh  [Coratoptera].  From  Ciilifomia  paper.  <Clucago 
Field,  V.  10,  p.  :W5,  Feb.  I,  l(fl9.     [F.  M.] 

The  Pi8hc<rie8  and  Other  Rpgourc en  of  Alankn.  B^  H.  A.  R  <Chioago  Field, 
V.  10,  p.  3U5,  Feb.  1,  187'J.     [F.M.] 

Viviparous  Perch  [  Eiubiotociilo.'.  By  Charles  Hallock.  From  **  Sportamau'a 
GawjttetT,"]    <  Foreet  aud  8tT«aiu,  v.  II,  p.  .'>l'i,  .luu.  IW,  H!<79. 

Flab  and  Fishing  of  Oregon.  [By  Wm.  Lang.J  <:^  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  ti^ 
p.  :Jf.,  Fob.  13,  1S79. 

Re]iort  of  the  Nevada  Fish  Commission.  [Nuticc  by  Fred.  Mather.  ]  <[^Chi- 
cago  Fiuld,  v.  11,  p.  3,  Feb.  15,  1(J79, 

Rapid  growth  of  the  Califomian  Salmon.  lAnon.l  <Fore8t  aud  Stream,  v. 
1%  p.  .v.,  Feb.  2t),  1H7«. 

[An  alMitracLfruin  th«  "Gonniui  Flsbiuff  GaKcttt-.") 

£ast»m  Troat  ou  the  Pacific  Slo|>e.  [By  H.  B.  Bolt  Kulooia,  \V.  T.  <Fur- 
est  and  Stream,  v.  1*2,  p.  10r>,  March  13,  1879. 

Rearing  Whitetiah  in  ('ODtlnemeDt.  [By  B.  B.  Redding.}  <^Chicago  Field, 
V.  11,  pp.  b7,t'»8,  March  15,  1879. 

Int<<re6ting  Facts  from  Wiisbingtun  Territory.     [By  Cha.  Beudire.]     <  For- 
est and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  154,  March  27,  Itf??. 
(Reren  to  "fioJmo  Kemntrti/i' \  Jtc] 

The  FIoQudertt  of  our  Markets.  Keail  by  "W.  M.  Locklngton  l>efore  the  Baa 
Fmncisco  Acad,  of  Soicuccs,  March  17,  L-^TQ.  <_ScieutiIic  Press  Supple- 
ment, April,  1879;  Mining  aud  Scientitic  Press,  April  13  and  19,  1679. 

Salmon  Fishing  id  Oregou.  [By  H.  B.]  <  Forest  and  Stream,  r.  IS,  p.  174, 
April  :t,  1H79. 

Troitj*  of  Rocky  Mountain  Trout.  [By  W.  N.  Byera.]  <  Forest  aud  Stream, 
T.  12,  p.  174,  AprU  3,  1H79. 

[Notiin<  of  a  "  'DeTll  Fish'  recently  taken  on  the  Pactfio  eoaat  whose  body 
was  four  feet  long,  with  a  spear-shaped  tail  and  tentacles  seven  feet  long,*' 
i.  e.,  a  Bi>ecios  of  Ccrutoptera.  From  tbe  "  Santa  Barbara  Fross."]  <[Chi- 
CAgo  VipUX,  V.  11,  p.  14tS  April  19,  1H79. 

Description  of  a  spcclf'i  nf  tycodr^  (/,.  7>mirrO  from  AInsko.  brlirmd  to  he 
nndivwribiMl.  By  Tailetoa  B.  Bean.  <^Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  MuMMim,  v.  1, 
pp.  4lKJ-ltK»,  April '^5,  IrTy. 

The  Fi(*be»  tuld  UinU  of  tbe  Pacific  Cocut.  [By  Calamlnk,  pteudon  of  John 
It,  'Wilaoii.     <Chicttgo  Field,  v.  11,  p.  1(33,  AprtlVli,  ItO'i. 

[Note  rolndvi'  to  tbi'  KinberliMS  »(  llrititih  CMliunbia.  Notice  of  Report  tu 
Uuuue  uf  Uuiumouit.  J    <Cbic»gu  Field^  v.  11,  p.  IGTi,  April  *^,  1879. 


liW— Nm***  on  some  Ftiibcs  of  the  Coiwt  of  California.     So.  I.     By  'W.  IT.  LooU- 
InCtoiL     <  API.  N»L.  V.  n.  pp.  299-308,  Muy.  1j?79. 

G»Uliml»  MooatAln  Trout  in  Eastem  Waters.    [By  Seth  Oreen.]    <  Forest 
■Dd  Straim,  V.  1%  p.  '264,  Mny  S,  \8n. 

tSw,  alM>,  V.  13,  p.  »8.) 

lYoul  and  Salmon  Sftuon  in  Caliibmio.  lAnon.}  <  Forest  and  Stream,  v. 
U,  p.  £77,  Hay  8,  lt^9. 

AngUiigln  Caltfomi:i.  [Ahstract  from  "Pacific  Life."]  <  Chicagi) Field,  v.  11, 
pp.  1%,  l*.H],  Muy  \\),  1979. 

[Calfiitli  in  California.  1    <  Chicago  Field,  v.  11,  p.  Ififi,  Moy  10.  l<^9. 

PaciAc  Trout  [Salmo  iridea]  in  East«m  Waten*.  [Kote  signod  H.  "W.  De  Long; 
with  drwriptioTi  appmidMl  from  Ballock'd  8])or1«aian'8  Gazetteer.]  <  For- 
wt  and  Stxvam,  r.  1'2,  p.  '2^,  May  1.%  1879. 

Does  t.bn  WMtfirn  8aliuou  die  after  Kpawntng  f  [  Hy  &Iajo»,  pi>eud<m.  ]  <  Chi- 
cago FioW,  V,  11,  p.  221.  May  17,  1H79. 

jmia  Salmon  do  not  all  die  after  Hpanmiag.     [By  B.   B.  Redding.] 
;  Chicago  FlcJd,  v.  11,  p,23C,  May  2i,  1879. 

naSMoC  tbn  iitalmon  thn  Indinn'n  Ttait.  [By  Jonas  C.  Portland,  Oregon.] 
<ChloaCI>  Fiolil,  V.  U,  p.  '£37,  M;iy  24,  1879. 

OdUfomia  News.  [Notice  of  expeot«d  conaignment  of  eggs  from  V.  8.  Com- 
mimion  Fiab  and  Finberlefl.  Anon,  From  Sacramento  "Kccord-Union.*'] 
<  Chicago  Fit^ld.  v.  11.  p.  244.  May  31,  187U. 

On  a  new  Oenns  of  Scauihridip.     By  "W.  N.  liocklugton.     <  Proo.  Acad. 

Nat.  gci.  PUila.  [v.  — ],  pp.  Kia-rw. 
{"St.  s-  md  up.  Chriomitrm  (p,  ]b3)  eoHcoior,  p.  lU.J 

Who  hnuidMl  tlm  Salmon  f    [Nnticc  of  ciipturL'  of  four  salmon  bntndtxl  with 

W.  at  Wentport,  Oregon. 

p.  800,  June  7.  1^9. 
LakcTabofs.     [Jiioh.    From 

p.  SCO,  .lone  7,  1879. 

Qn&d  fincoeM  of  Shad  and  Salmon  Culture.     [By  B.  B.  Redding.; 

oago  Field,  v.  .11.  p.  277.  June  14,  1879. 
Salmon  al  the  Aiitipoiira,  being  jin  account  of  the  Kuccessrul  intriHluftinn  of 
Salmon  and  Trout  into  AnAtrnlian  waters.  By  Sir  Samuel  Wilson,  Mem- 
^t  ttf  the  Logialntivc  Council  of  Viftoria,  [»>,t(^.1 ;  author  of  a  work  on  the 
.^nu-'Hi  Goat,  and  pupers  on  the  Ostrich,  the  Chinese  Yam,  etc.  London: 
IM^anl  Stanford,  55,  Charing  Crow,  8.  W.,  1979.  [3d  ed.,  12°,  viii,  353 pp., 
ipUi't.  pi.,  I  map  folded.] 

Partial  Contents. 
Chap.  V.  ITie  first  introdncfion  of  CaliforniAn  Ralmnn  Ova.     pp.  24-25. 
Chap.  VII.  Tbif  second  Imporlatlon of  Callfomiau  Salmon  Ova.    pp.8&-38. 
Chap.  Vlli.  The  Cftlifomian  Salmon,     pp.  a9-58. 
Clnp.  IX.  la  the  Califoniian  Bulmon  anitable  to  the  Murray  Bt^'orT    pp. 

Chip.  Xnc.  The  Growth  and  Development  of  the  Salmonidw.    pp.  160-ir2. 
Chap.  XXII.  T)i<-  Diatrlbution  and  Liberation  of  the  Califomian  Salmon 

Pry      pp.  PW-VM4. 

11  '    ,\i»if^  Junf  in,  lff7». 

uoe  of  tbU  wi>rk.  In  a  Rli<btly  diffonmt  foriD,  luidtfr  ibe  Utl«  of  'Tho 
CilUuntuit  Salinnn.  waA  nHclnnlly  pnHllMhfil  lu  lUc  I'raiuwurllotu  of  tbo  Zoc'lnETlca)  and 
AccttrhUhAttau  Socttty  of  U<-l)H>iLrD«  for  tbc  yvar  1878.  iind  n  •c'cond  unoll  c<l)tlaa 
TvpriatMl  in  VlriuriA."->Fn>m  "Prafboe  to  tbe  ihU^cditkiD.'— See  lS7li1 


By  Oeo,  H.  Heather.] 

Pliiladelpbia  Press."] 


<;;  Chicago  Field,  v.  11, 
<  Chicago  Field,  v.  11, 
<Chi- 


1879—The  Chinese  ami  otbrr  Pishrnnrri  of  Cnlifomia.  [Condenseil  from  San  Fran- 
cUoo  "Chroaicle"  hy  Fred.  Mather.  ]  <  Chicago  Field,  t.  11.  ]n  291,  Jane 
21.1ft79. 

On  tb«  Ocfunvnco  »f  llii>|i'>i;lii«suM  vulpariH,  Flem.,  at  Unaliuhka  and  St. 
Michael's,  Aloidca.  By  Tarleton  H.  Bean.  <  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  MaKiim,  v. 
2,  pp.  63-60,  J  uly  1 ,  11:^9. 

Pociflc  Coast  Shad.  [Hy  William  Lang.]  <  Forcat  and  Stream,  v.  12,  p. 
4^,  July  24, 1879. 

NotCH  on  N»^w  and  Hare  Fishps.  Keod  before  the  California  Acad.  Scipoce 
by  W .  N.  Iiockington.  ]  <  Sciculilic  l*rc8a  Sapplemeut,  J aly.  lti7U ;  Mining 
and  Scientiflc  Pruas,  Aug.  2  and  16, 1679.  ' 

Fish  Notes  from  thn  Pacific  Coast.    XBy  Robt,  B.  C.  SteamaO     <Chicago 
Field.  V.  11,  p.  3t».  AoR.  2.  lt*79. 
IBitnet  A'om  "  Amorksa  KatondUl"] 

Carious  Facts  abont  Tront  [f.c,  jumping  fh>m  flame  into  water  below.  By 
B.  B.  R.,  J.  e.  B.  B.  Redding.  ]     <  Chicago  Field,  v.  1 1.  p.  404,  Aag.  9, 1879. 

AlOMkaiu  Siiniinc*r. — Sucond  Pap«r.  [Dy  "Pl8Eco,"  J.  e.  Lester  Beardslee.] 
<  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  .SSS,  Ang.  14.  li?79. 

[Rcfcn,  Inter  ftllu,  to  oaptnre  and  curing  of  mIidoq  at  Port  Himtor.  | 

Largest  Salmon  on  Rcoord.  [  Jiion.]  <^  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  557,  Aug. 
14, 1879. 

("  VicTOUiA,  Jaa«3a — A  salmon  thttiwelghnd  MpoondswlieB  tmoehttau  been  rnopirt4 
liiTt>  frum  tb^  SliLfaia  RivKl  FisUery  by  Sir.  Turner,  Msjror  of  Vlcturlik.  lU  le&gtt  U  6 
fwt  II  InchM  from  note  to  uU."] 

Shad  in  tUo  Colarobia.  [By  "8."]  <rorw»t  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  585.  Aug.  38. 
1879. 

IRvfnni  probably  to  Poimetobvs.] 

Trolling  for  Salmon.    [  Jnoii.]    <Forwt  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p. 588,  Ang.  28, 1879. 
IReUtei  to  Coloubln  RItct.) 

Oregon.  [Record  of  a  trout-flshiug  expedition.  By  'William  Lang,] 
<Forofll  and  Stream,  v.  13.  p.  5^9,  Aug.  28,  ly79. 

Tho  McCloud  lUvcr  Fishery.  [JNon.J  <^ Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  GU4, 
Sept.  4, 1879. 

Salmon  a  Nuisance  to  Trout  riNhcre.  [  Jnoh.  ]{>  Fred.  Mather.]  <Chicago 
Field,  V.  12,  p.  02,  Sept. «,  1679. 

Tlie  North  I^acilio  CodliHhery,  [By  W,  N.  Lockington.  Kopiiuted  from 
•» Patitic  Life. "]     < Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  p. 53.  Sept.  i),  iR7U. 

[Kotice  of  Trout  passing  through  fltiine  under  preasnre  of  376  pounds  to  the 
square  inch.     Anon.  ]    <  Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  p.  53.  Sept.  0.  Icff9. 

[Notice  of  Catfish — Amiiinis  albidiiat — 5  to  15  inches  long,  token  In  SauMtl 
Lagoon,  whem  plantnl  three  years  beforct.  jIhon.]  < Chicago  Field,  v. 
12,p.  53,Si>pt.6, 1879. 

The  PooiHc  Salmon  Fisheries.  [ Json.]  <Chictigo Field,  v.  12,  p.  09.  Sept.  13, 
1879. 

[Notice  of  Cftlrtsh—Aniiunia  albidust — taken  in  ^cCloud's  Lake,  Mockron. 
Anon.]     <l1iicug«  Held.  v.  12.  p.  (iO. Sept.  13,1879. 

The  Traus-Cunlineutal  Expedition  of  the  California  Fish  CommiBsioQcn. 
[By  H,  A.  L.]    <  Format  and  Strwani,  v.  13.  ,i.  646  (3  col.),  Sept.  18,1879. 


63 

1819    EtTiew  of  the  Plenronectids  of  San  Fraocisco.     By  W.  N.  Iiookiiieton. 
<Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Moseam,  v.  2,  pp.  69-96,  Jnly  2— Sept.  19, 1879. 
[S.  qh  HippoglomoidtaJordani,  p.  73 ;  6lyptoe«phalu»  Paeijieug,  p.  86;  QlyptouphaluMxaeki' 

fw,p^aB. 

[Kotioe  of  Catfish  for  Sosan  River  and  £el  Lake.     Anon. "}    <^  Cbici^o  Field| 
T.  12,  p.  85,  Sept.  20, 1879. 

The  flist  biennial  report  of  the  Nevada  Commiaaion.    [Notice  by  Fred.  Bfa- 
Oer.  3    <  Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  p.  85,  Sept.  20, 1879. 

Habita  of  California  River  Sahnon.     [Anon.    Extract  from   "Sacramento 
Bee."]    <  Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  p.  100,  Sept.  27, 1879. 

Flab  Culture  Operations  in  C^lfomia.    [By  Iilviogaton  Stone.  1    <[  Forest 
and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  685,  Oct.  2, 1879. 
{B^lentoSatnoD.I 

Wfay  Salmo  Qainnat  does  not  take  the  Fly.     [Jnoa.  by  Cbarlea  Haltook. 
<Foreet  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  685,  Oct.  2,  1879. 

Washington  Territory.    [By  "Multxohah,"  j)«^iK{(m.]    <^Forestand  Stream, 
T.  13,  p.  687,  Oct.  2.  1879. 

(BeUtea  to  flahing  in  "the  great  Spokane  country.*'] 

Salmon  Fishing  on  the  Pacific.     [Incomplete.     By  C.   R.]     <Forest  avd 
Stream,  v.  13,  p.  689,  Oct.  2,  1879. 

The  Fishery  of  Mr.  A.  P.  Rockwood  [near  Salt  Lake  City.     Anon.    From  "The 
Jnvenile  Infractor."]     <Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  p.  115,  Oct.  4, 1879. 

Do  Fish  hear  !    [By  "W.  N.  LocUngton.    From  "  Pacific  Life."]    <Chicago 
Field,  ▼.  12,  p,  116,  Oct.  4,  1879. 

Troot  iu  the  Truckee.     {^Anon.   From  "  Sacramento  Bee."]    <Cbicago  Field, 
T.  12,  p.  117,  Oct.  4,  1879. 

California.     [Record  of  good  GrilBe-fishing  in  September.  ]    By  B.  B.  Hedding 

<Koi>'8t  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  715,  Oct.  9,  1878. 

Tbe  Game  and  Fish  of  Alaitka.     [By  "  Piseco,"  J.  e.  Lester  Beardalee,  U.  8. 
X.]     <F«re8t  and  Stn-am,  v.  13,  pp.  723-724,  Oct.  16,  1879. 

Salmon  Eggs  from  the  Pacific.  [By  Iiivlzigston  Stone.]  <[Forest  ard 
Stream,  v.  13,  p.  725,  Oct.  16,  1879. 

California  FiHliing.  [By  E.  J.  Hooper.]  <^Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  7S8 
Oct.  1€,  1H79. 

Wyoming  Territory.  [Noje  on  Tront-fishing.  By  *' MuLTXOMAH,"  j>»«(do«.] 
<Forw*t  anil  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  728,  Oct.  16,  1879. 

Spawn  in  off  season  [of  Califomian  Trout.  By  B.  C.  Tallant.  With  edito- 
rial note.]     <F()re8t  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  744,  Oct.  23,  1879. 

Tbe  Bedtidh  of  the  Northwest.  [By  Ch.  Bendlre.  With  editorial  note.] 
<KoreKt  and  Stream,  v.  1^,  p.  745,  Oct.  23,  1879. 

Rocky  Mountain  Troat.  [By  Flypisiter,  pseudon.,  J.  J.  Stranahan,  Chagrin 
Falls,  O.  ]    <Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  p.  164,  Oct.  25,  1879. 

'^Monutain  Trout".— (Salmo  virginalis).  [By  Oordon  Lamb.]  <Cbicago 
Field,  V.  Vi,  p.  164,  Oct.  i'>,  1879. 

Fuhiog  in  Gray's  Harlwr  [».  e.  Salmon- fishery.  Anon.  From  "Olympia 
(Washington  Terr,)  Transcript."  <Chicago  Field,  v.  12,  pp.  164, 165,  Oct. 
25,1879. 


64 


119T9 — Codfifiliiiig  in  tlws  Pacific.    [AnoH.']    Prom  "San  Francisoo  Alln.")    <Chicago 
Field,  V.  Vi,  p.  105,  Oct.  25,  I87y. 

Cthlifitniia  Trout  in  »w  York  St»ie.     [By  Clarenoe  A.  Famum.]    <Forebt 
and  Stream,  y.  13,  p.  765,  Oct.  30,  lt^9. 

BalnioD  FiBUiiig  ou  tlie  Pacific.     lUy  C.  R.]    <  Forest  and  8tTt^anl,  v.  i;t,  p. 
7ti7,  Oct.  30,  lT<79. 

Why  Saimo  Quinnnt  does  uot  tJik©  the  Fly.      [Editoiiftl.]     <Fore«t  aud 
atreaui,  v.  13,  p.  770,  Oct.  30,  ltf79. 

Notc«  on  Pacific  Coo^t  Flahefl  and  Fiiiheriea.    By  W^.  N.  Locklngton.    <  Am. 
Nat.,  V.  13,  pp.  &^4-6«7,  Nov.,  1879. 

Not«s  on  BOiue  nudt.-«cnbvd  FiHUi-ia  of  tbe  Focifio  Caa«t.     By  W.  N.  Loolciug- 
toa.    <  Scientific  Vnm  Siip]demcnt,  v.  — ,  p.  76,  Nov.,  1879. 

Carp  Brewling  in  Catifumia.     [JnoH.     FlT»m  "Sonoma  Index.**]    <C Chicago 
Field,  V.  V2,  p.  180.  Nov.  1,  IWn. 

TroDt  Caltnre  in  NpTiida.   iAnoH,    From  "Virginia  City  Enterprise."]    <  Chi- 
cago Field,  V.  W,  p.  180,  Nov.  1, 1879. 

Fifth  in  Washington  Territory.    lAnon.    From  th«"Exporim<»ut-."]   <^ Chicago 
Field,  T.  la,  p.  IBO,  Nov.  1, 1979. 

Washington  Territory.     [Abundance  of  Troat.     By  Mitltxomah,  jMrHdon.] 
<Forc«t  and  Stn-Km,  v.  13,  pp.  79G-7WI.  Nov.  «.  IWJ. 

The  Rodlish  of  Idaho.     By  Cbarlea  Bendire.     <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13, 
p.  806,  with  fig.,  Nov.  13,  1879. 

[Thp  Rgam  appoan  to  npresfDt  Bi/ti/ario  tm»a«rty'-) 

California  Notee.     (From  the  "San  Frnncisco  Bee.")    <  Chicago  Field,  v.  12, 
p.  213,  Nov.  l.->,  1H79. 

Some  FiBhe«  of  Oregon.     By  C.  J.  Smith.    <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p. 
826,  Nov.  SJO.  1W9. 

The  Tront  of  I'tah.     [Notice  of  its  rising  to  a  fly.]    By  C.  B.  "Westeru 
<  Fotvirt  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  820,  Nov.  tW),  IH79. 

Cftlifomitt  Fifthing  Notes.    [From  "Sacnunentt)  Bee."]    <Chirflgo  Field,  v.  12, 
p.  229,  Nov.  22.  Irf79. 

California  Finhe*.     By  B.  B.  Redding.     <  Forest  and  Stream,  v.  13,  p.  847 
Nov.  27.  llffO. 


<  Chicago  Fiold,  v. 


Moontain  Troat.— ^fmo  vir^inali*.    By  Gk>rdon  I«and. 
12,  p.  245,  Nov.  29,  IRTi). 

Tbe  Fislieeof  Klamnth  Lake,  f>regon.     By  E.  D.  Cope     <  Am.  Not.,  v.  13, 
pp.  784-785,  Dec,  li?79. 

[K.  lip.  VhitMmiMtm  tnxntm  (p.  Tfti) ;  OhttMltftM  6iWiVo«(i'f«  (p.  78S) )  /  JlirI«pAarvdvil  c|l. 

(7es».i 

Aniiii.al  Krcord  of  Keienrr  nud  Iiidimlry  for  lft?H.     |    Kdit«'d  by  Bpenoer  P. 
Baird  wif  b  \\\v  itwiAtancp  of  eminent  men  of  Hoienee.    (   New  Vnrk  :  I  Hnr- 
por  A  Brothers,  Pnblishers,  Franklin  fk|nar«.     |H79.     [12^.] 
Tlie  North  American  Tront  and  f^almon.     pp.  4t(7-^70. 
IchthyulogtscliK  BeitriiKe  ( VTII).     Von  Dr.  Frana  Bteljidachner.     <  RitJtK 

("Juli-hoft.")    [Antlior'sext**, 


K.  Akfld.  WiMicnwh.,  B.  rtO.  Ablb.  i.  pp 
received  by  mnil  Oet.  '.?>.  I^l».) 

I  N.  m\*.  Vorrian  (JnAniiul  Jaeabi  Siiu  Iiii*;:o,  p.  S ,  n.  g  'mil  «(* 
dJmtu.  Kua  Uip^n  p.  M  i  iui>l  OQt>**is  Jtr.nrb#rrO,  p.  IT,  SngrnuH*  r> 
n«4trnd  qpaa  I 


<lkv  turn- 


INDEX. 


Jft 

Anlanu  albidtu es 

AauDoooBtM  oibwitu 27,81 

AmmodytM  AUaoABtu 49 

hexapienu 10 

peraonfttiw 25,28,48 

•epttploaU 10 

Aaiphistichtu  srgen  teu 20, 20, 41 

Besmuumi ^l 

■tmUte 21,20 

Aiwbleiw GtoootU 21,S8 

Aiwnltiehm SS 

MU 21.28 

ABurfatehtbya 28 

MU 28 

ooellatu 28,49 

Angnillft 49 

Annia,  Jsnca,  Jr 97 

Anon 48,90 

ABoplagonua 84 

Aao^Mehas 8( 

erlat»-galU 35 

pttfpmocaM a« 

ABoplopoma 88 

ftmbrtft 40 

Bmtanciu 82,48 

ABtacraa  aeatlraBtria 44 

bncfayrfaynchns 44 

medtnwtria 44 

Apooope  oaniaBtoldl 08 

coaeall fil 

bmaharll 52 

TeatriMMft 01 

TQliiente 63 

Apodlehthya 21 

llBTldiu .« 21,28,48 

iDomatua 30 

aangnloena 30 

Ti<daoena 21 

Tireaee]u.# 24,20 

A.  R 67 

AKboplltea 34 

iiit«miptna 41 

AiKcoUna  prrtioaa 21 

Argjreluaua  paciflcaa 58 

ArgyroDs  dulcti 20 

DotablUa 85 

Bubllna 25,20 

oaculna 25 

Artodhia 85 

lateralia 27 

notoapUotna 26,28 

pugetenaia 68 

65 


66 


INDEX. 


P*ge. 

AaplcottiM 20 

blMm 20,22,27,42 

AspidophoToldes  tnermlR 82 

Aftptdophonu  KcipeikMrlniM 18 

AtberinopaiA 91.2X40 

•fflnis 88.4ft 

oallfornleiula 21,28 

tenala 88 

Atkliu,  ChArlM  0 48 

Atnctopero* 84 

oUUinU 41 

Atxactoaeion  BobUe 41 

AnlUcop* 40 

apiiwsceiu 40 

Anlorhjnrhuti,  84 

flaridiu 84 

Ayre*,  Dr.  WiilO.  .3, 21, 22, 23, 34, 82.  S3, 85, 88. 37, 38 

Ayreds 87 

pUBotipliuiia 87.18 

B. 
BMUey.J.'W- 17 

Rami.  SpeDcef  F 19;  44^47, 48, 50^  BB,  54,  SS,  84 

nt»ii»u^  so 

BathymaBtcr  riiignatnB 40 

BdtlioPtotnaSioutit 50 

BtAD.  Tarleton  H     58,50,00,82 

Beudalee,  LMter 62.88 

Beckwlih,  Llent.  S.  O 81 

Bevohey,  Capt  K  W 14 

BeloneexUb 21,20,43 

Beadira,  CharlM fi8^80;88.84 

BuuMtt,  E.  T 14 

Bennett,  Frcdoriok  BebeU 15 

BeSDOtt,  ThomM 47 

Blake* 53 

Blake,  Jamea 40,41 

Blak^  WiUiamP 25 

Bleiuilcotttu 84 

Blennioa  a&gaillaria 10 

doUchogaater > 10 

gentiUa 21,28,43 

Bkpalaa  oculofkaolatoa 20 

trilobua 16,42 

TentriooaDa 12 

Brachyistlaa 36 

Biaohyiatina  frenatna^ 36, 41 

Bmui'lLktHttaina  44 

IlTa>'tuiL,  AlvmlwTt  W 57 

Bri'v>(Mr1>  JuiDi'ft  Catvqd 25 

Bn-w,C  ^ 84 

Brt(i«b  Columbia 80,40 

BrtENitiliiaioarKiaalDi 12, 22. 28 

Bratmupbycla 84 

marghiataB 43 

Brotaloid  flahca 37 

Bnokland,  BeT.  W 14 

BaDhead 40 

Butirinna 18 

Batler,  Capt.  "W.  F 4 

Byere,  W.  N 60 

C. 

Calamlnk 80 

California  flahcclea  ._. 88 

■"•i^ocioa  80 


CalifDrnla.  natnnl  wealth  of 4t 

aMliona Si 

Caltfomlan  ftah  onttore 4T 

aalmon 61 

Gallorhyiiohaa 18 

GalyoUepldotoa M 

latenlia ti4t 

,  apinoaoa II 

Camaiina n 

nlgrioana 11 

CampbeU,  Archibald M 

Canax 14 

symiaaitrieiia St 

Caniaffton.  Campbell 8S 

Catoatomidc IT 

Catoatonraa  amopiu .,       9 

bemardini SS 

dlaoobolua H 

feonndna n,n 

(Aoomua)  generoana M 

tnaigne 9 

labiatoa. n,mkU 

ktlplnnia It 

maoroohelltta M^M 

oooldaotaUa S,Mk« 

taboenala ■ 

Caahaohna M 

retlonlataa '    41 

CaiOoIatUaa W 

MMmalna 41 

Cebedlohthya  orlst*-galU K4I 

Ttolaoetta Mb41 

Centranhna  Intermptaa W 

macnloaiia n,B 

CentroBotoa  orlata-gaUi N 

betuB 46 

Centropomas  Tfrldia SI 

Coratlobthya  blgatutna St 

oaoola n 

aqnamlleBtaa II 

ventriooaoB 4T 

Ceratopter*   58^88 

Ceatraoion  fhtnotaoi 0*81 

PhllipU 88 

Cbanoa 18 

Chappe  d'Anteroobe.  M 8 

Chaa^A.W 47,a 

Cbaamiatea  broTtroatiia 84 

lazatua 84 

Cheonda 28 

ocBmlea 28 

Cooperi tt 

CbilorfaiDU 48 

Chluueta IS 

ooUlei 14,81 

Chlonda  oamlea 18 

oooperi W 

Cblrooentma 18 

Chlropata M 

cimateUatiia ST 

gnttatas tt 

Bebakwna Sf 

pictna tt 

ChlnwtOBaaflUda 41 

48 


INDEX. 


67 


Cypria«lla  Indlbnnda 80 

Ingabris , 80 

Cyprinodifn  cmlifonleaai* 43 

macalBrios lo 

Cjprinas  ( Abnunia)  bclteatm la 

b«lte«tn« le 

4L#ticlaciiA|i  caiuiDiMi. ]3 

fiultratnji                    o 

(Leaoiacns)  gxaoUia U 

(LeaciKua)  ongOBenaU is 

rMtntua 9 

D«ll,  Wlllium  H 44,45 

IlftmaUelitbys 33 

TMC* 88,30,41 

DftTfdaon,  Oeorge 45 

I>aw4«,C.  K 4« 

DeKaj,  JuuraX is 

Dekftya 87 

MioniaU 87 

DeLong,  H.  W «l 

"  Benrer  News '' SO 

D«Tmftt«Ht«tbui* 80 

pODctipfamis 86,44 

DeTtiflah 00 

DkkloD u 

DfondagrlBM 27 

Dltrena  2& 

brertpbme Be 

Dogflah 4ft 

IhunArU,  Ang 80,46 

Dnim,  HoTttceD 40 

Dynamite,  for  flablng 48 

Ecbenetdoide 38 

Echcneia  nancratea 32 

rfimon 32 

EUiott,  Henry  W 47.  &1 

mopa ic 

Embiotoca 10.20 

argyroaoma 23^20,41 

Caryl 19 

Caaaldii 21,29 

Jackaool 1^29,41 

latfralla 30.34 

UneaU 21.29 

omata 28,29 

pcrapicabilla 23,29 

Webbi 23.29 

Enliiotocoide 21 

Embiotoooida 3 

E  riwf  y,  Uru  t.  Cul,  W.  H 17 

Eti|;i-lTnaDD,l'i'        17 

Engraalia  ooroprvaaua 27, 30, 43 

drUcatlasimua 21,81,43 

tnonlaz 21,30,43 

nanus 27, 30, 43 

rlugfDS ^ 61 

Ennlchthys 23 

He«rmaiuil 23.20 

mrgalopa 33.20 

Xntoaphcoua 9$ 

eiUatna 44 


68 


nnoEX. 


P*ge. 

Bntoepbenos  eplhexodon 44 

Bphlppoa  nwAtu 27,  S8 

XplDepbelns  oUUtoft S 

Brythriniu !• 

Swhaoholtc,  Dr.  Frtodr 11 

Sacydogobiaa M 

newbanil 41 

EomiorotTemaB 86 

KxocoBtua  caUfoniieiu 88,43 

faaototu 24 

T. 

JlHloargynna 85,80 

anror* 86^80 

Clwkil 80 

GiirdiMii 80 

Newbenli M 

■teUatoa 86,80 

tsuppltch 80 

li^mam.  Clarcfioe  A M 

Fish,  eMtorn.  inCBUfoniU 48 

Viaherles  of  Korth  PMlflo 4« 

yiaueries,  Oreifon U 

FUfaes  of  Wyoming 40 

•ubt«rniiieaB,  in  Ci^lbnilft 47 

Tertiary 61 

riAt-flsh 40 

of  8ui  Fiwioiaoo « 88 

Flotmders  of  Saa  Fxanoiaco W 

Forbea.Sdward 20 

Franohire,  Gabriel 10,11 

jTiiBdalaa 1 43 

parripimila 31,80,48 

G. 

Gadoid  flahea,  aynopalaof 87 

Kenera 87 

Qadtis  auratna 48 

dorsotripterygia ^ 0 

flmbria 10 

gracUia 9 

morrhna 0 

perlacopoa 40 

proxlmuB 21,43 

pygniKua 10 

wachna  10 

Galeaacania 45 

Gallatin,  Albert 17 

Gaateniaieua  blaculeatoa 24 

dekayi 24 

inoptnatua 21,28 

Intermediua 26.28 

microoephalua 81. 28, 42 

plebeiDB 21.28.28^42 

pageUl 26,28 

aeiratna 24,28,42 

WiUiamsoni 21,28,42 

Oaatrophyaoa  polltua 44 

Gay,  Claadiaa 10 

Qeoyonemoa 34 

Utbbima,  Dr 8 

Gibbona,  W.P 90,28 

Ulbbona,  W.  R 40 

GibbunaU 88 

elegaaa 88,43 


Gila ».» 

ardeataea U 

conocephala. U 

•«««fi» • 

elegaaa 1%9^4M,n 

Xmoryi !%« 

gtaelUa IttSI^M 

Grahami UlM 

graadla ■ 

hydropU«z H 

■ucrcdepidote tt 


nigra 

pUagetbiraUa 
robnata 


n.n 


■!.« 


GUbert,  Chariea  H U 

GlU,  Tbeodon n;llk4^N 

OiniehthTa « 

■babota n,n,m 

QtOim,  Liant  Jaa.  M SI 

01ra>4  l>r.  Chariea .  .8, 18, 19^  88,  H. «  n  Mk  81; «, 

81.81 

Glzai^Edwanl U 

Girardlnua  aoDorlesula M 

Girella  nigrloana 4t 

Glyphlaodon  rvblenndna 11,31,41 

Glyphtooephaloa  paoiflnta ff 

laohima W 

Gtobli^  gmera tf 

Goblna  graoUla B 

lepidna  II 

Newberryi «,3^«» 

OoBorhynchna li 

Goody,  John ff 

Gramniatopleanta 94 

Gray.  J.  X M 

Gi«en.  Seth S^«. 

Gryatea  lineattia 31 

Gnnnelliv  oraataa 31,38;  43 

GBDnlaaa,  Capt.  J.  TT St 

Gftnther.  Albert 82, 88^  80, 88, 88;  40, 44, 48 

GyniDOfDQTiBna 48 

Gymnotoida 38 

Gyroplenrodaa 8S 

franclaci 44 


Halatraotaa  donalla 43 

Halias 81 

Heltbat  flabtng 48 

HaUoolt.  Charles Mt08,iB,a 

HaUowell,  Edward ^ U 

H.  A.  L M 

H.  A.  R 88 

Hayden.  F.  V • 4«;n 

Haxlitt,  WilUam  Carey 4 

H.B 80 

Heather,  George  H tt 

Beermann,  A.  L 38 

Helmlohtbys 48 

BeoiUepidotnaGtbbaU 88^43 

Botoq^loCaa 41 


25 

TVMTbrUcU *^» 

E.J   4B,»,VK»,M,m,6^n 


HjriMTpoiia M 

HyaborooupBi .« 29 

Tra*Ui 3D,»l4LW 

L 

lohthvomffton 48 

Irriog.  WMhlngton U 

XachoownnB U 

laopUgtodoo M 

Heulel U 

I. 

Jui««,  Edwin w       11 

Jobaliu  DobiU* »M BS 

JohDaUai.C«pt.A.B IT 

Jtuui^C U 

JonLuLD  8 ^fi6,67,&8,5B.«> 

Jalb  modnitiM Sl,30 

atanieiaolua IS 

J.  W.B H 

K. 

KMler.A.B M 

Krnnrrly,  Dr.C.B.R a,M,94 

Kvn-y,  UortiBwr 48 

Klrkpatrlok,  C.  A H 

Kiuiiu.PH-T ir 

Kutir,  Dr.  Kiulolph 

I. 

LabnoM «....» .«••.        f 

lAlmcogloMB 40 

Lkbmx 9,40 

clAthretiui 21 

dbCAffi-ftiumiu i 9,11 

manDptvrygiiu ^10 

sebnlifcT SI 

OOtOgrUDBOS 18 

■iperoUiouiA 8,18 

lAbroMa »T 

LAbniapnkber S1,SS,>^BI 

]>aib.Oordon 88,84 

Luopnini  pliuabe* .....•• M 

Ud|[,  WUlUm 81181 

Laovxweert,  Dr 14 

lAvtniA n 

comprnia tt 

coBformln  ..........................        SI 

ormulcandk 31 

exlUc»ud» «,».« 

hATtoiKua .Sft,S0.4S 

glbboM SS 

I*y.  O.  T 14 

LaMMlM 10 

LotoeoUoa K 

Uraada ». lfi.S7.4S 

UamUm S,38,M.41 

LvaeiwoB  eftortauia 18,18 

orrcwMMU - 1ft,  1* 

2>iliXMticniil  occiiteataU* 21 

Lfnnanl,  Capt.  C.  E.  &*m4t 4 

L«pMlogB«t«r .^..—        14 

seaodricaft ..*.........        SB 

roUculAtoa. n 

LtpidDgoblo* ktbcUIb  .... 


I 


nfDES. 


Papv 

LeptdomMk 47 

JiirroTU 47.81 

VitUte 47,51 

Lfpldopwlla N 

Leptoootttu SO 

ftrm&taB 9t,tT,n 

Iieptoswincnufl  grftoiUa ; 81 

I>wii,  C'Bptaln IB 

Upark 14,47 

Upuii  eyelopDB 39 

uoccMtu 28,48 

pnlpb«Utu 23,49 

Looklugton.  W.N 88,  50,  66,  SB,  «0, 61, 02,  S8.  M 

LoDC  UiO-  Bt^hfa  n 11 

X<ord,  John  Kout 40 

Loinpfnu*  RUCoUUria 28,42 

ratkeo,  Dr-Chr 4» 

l^Dxllua  o«aldeutalte M,43 

Lycodea  Turaerll 00 

Z.yciodoUI« 87 


HoDoamld,  Cnocui  OeorgeForbw 

ICicfle,  MAUbcw 

Afjkoken*]  oAtching 

KaorodoD 

V^lor 

Mnllotiu  pftoiflcita 

lCiui>«uker 

Mftther.  Frvd 57.66, M,M.i 

3l«;Df),  Com.  R.  C 

llodft 

tuigiam ! 

K«fftloooUiu »... 

IfeRHlup*  

]blrlrtt«ocFral(«....... 21,22,: 

UorlaoKiu  piwlBOUu 24,1 

MeiH>T>D* - 

Uutopooopa 

CoafMrl ; 

Xlerlstodu 

ptmctatnt  ■•.>.■■■>•*••«>■>■■■•. 
Hloro|[adiu 

proxlmiia „.. 

SUorometrua 

ftcacrecatua 

mlnlnma........ 

SDerMtositlolda,  Dotooo 

MllLOiuiuJKrrovU 

pl&Lyrbyuoliui  ................... 

MnUlcDMlA „.... 

UnnrnuoUl  ................................. 

Hono>Taa » 

HoirbnacflJlfoniteA......... ................  ! 

proiima..... 

MttIlor*.Hail» 

Iduliaooiftb I 

Uormia  mordAE 1 

llorphy.J.M 

liDftcIai  caUfomlciu 

felU ! 

Uyllotwtla  CAllftiniloiia 

HyUwlieUiu 

OMiriBoa ...*.» 

ftatareolna ....m...1b^: 


MykwlMfliu  lateralU 

MyloleaeoB parovftstu Cf, 

paWaruleutaB 

Uylophwodon I^| 

cottooephKltw ,  Mb'4 

roboatus-... 

Myrlchthya  ClfiiniM 

UyttlophAgiui 

fiucUttu , 

llyxodw  Alecsw *., 

N. 

NanliM  caU/omieft. ................ 

Kiiarrat«a  (Idctor 

NoutielitfayB 

ooulo-bsdAlBs 

NmiMiMKiDtrU 

NmmUboh ,. 

BUnehanU » tt,V,\ 

Mtlriciui 

IferAiUfiHb  luUchMy ..m...... 

K»r(lhnff,  rharlm 

>*OlOrhTDvllU8 

boreRlla...... 

niacuiiitua M^i 


(Nisooottna 

azialla 38,27, 

Kloblreps M,17t 

macaloau SBCtl, 

ODoarhynchns 

OphlebUiyB ^ 

(^Idtoa  Tajlori tt,9^i 

Ophidhim ....,..,.. 

■tigma »»».... ....4 

Opbldlarma  calif omteuta 

Opblodon  >..... 

(doDgatu tSA 

OpfatathogBalluu » .....r-    **' 

Oplopoma u... 

pantht^na ..M^ffr.'^ 

Oreynaa  pacillctia 9r,< 

OrUugoriaciu 

analia 

mola 

OrthodoD  mlerolepidotaa »,....,... 

OrtbopMUa 

Oamam  eUnfatu .« 

pratloMa 

thalolchthyt 

Os(4mgliMintni >>■.«■.••..... 

OtoliUiiu  califbrnlmsla ....<..... 

Oxjlebloa t.*a.k.....4 

pifitoa ..4 

OiyJoJla 

■M4eataa ». 


P. 


Pachylitbnu 

PaUaa 

PallM,  rytn 
Panaa,P.S.. 
Paatoatvoa.. 


rarieffattii 


IKDEX. 


71 


P»ge. 

OS 

MpUnw a 

JariOTti SS 

pb^rbynehiu S8 

, S4 

, 25 

, .-,        IT 

MbnUfer 17,41 

18 

BOtoOB 89 

t^khlkji tl 

28,48 

ibaopa 43 

84 

41 

H.0 60 

tl 

fi|hijiAyT»«a M;48 

HabtenUl 88 

TKoliu 81.28,48 

87 

27,28,43 

.J.DMfbnl 4 

47 

10 

ftn^flTlpMOM 68 

fumpia  HMnmotwIU 88 

hKtj,Cm.M.C 26 

htm^-W 40 

htm,-w.c.n 45 

AtnajnoaMtMi 27,31 

eOUtas 88,81 

UTidu 87,81 

plombeoa 28,31 

UideoUtaa 18,31 

ftthNJitw 9 

Acipenaeriniu 10 

Attrndoa 31 

ftucAtoa 21,29,41 

mn^Bunet 63 

PU*Ichthyo« 63 

n«loMiopoa 88 

IW^AIph 61 

Kiw 03,83 

VhiBrttnu 47 

argvBUHimn* 47,51 

BiCy«4oi 40 

nUMMbOiBHU 38,18,43 

l^lalU 20 

•telUU 20 

BrtkhUiyi 21 

rnffiMiia 21,28 

■teUBttu 43 

ttinbroaiu 85,28 

"MtOfTlBjiniu , 84 

''*««woecte«  arcufttiu 48 

dcfttricoaiu 10 

dignmmiu 86 

FimnklinU 38 

blppOgloHOS 10 

macnloMu 31 

qnadiitaberonlfttu 10 

•tollatu 10 

'l«vwctideofSun»DelM)o 83 

''^vaMJlotdi,  ayBopaia  oT. 89 


Pkge. 

Plennmiohthyt 21 

ocDOMiu 31,38;  48 

goUiiUtoa 36)28 

BobtardU 48 

"Podgcn" 60 

Fo^tbeciu 84 

Pogonkhthys  ugynlMiis 31,39,44 

oommimla 39 

lueqilllobiu 31,11^44 

■jnunetrleoa Sl«  31^44. 

PtnnftMntralds 87 

Pamolobu 68 

Foole,  Frmndi 4 

Portehthyi 31 

BotKtiu .31,2^48 

PoxoBotoa  ■ImlUlmtu 88,41 

Porter,  B.B , 87 

Portland  OngoitaiB < 48 

Potamocotkiu 88 

puBotnlatiu 88 

Potter.  Xmwy  D 68 

Pntt,K.B 68 

Price,  Hir  Boee 60 

Protoptenu « 40 

pMttlchthyt 81 

Paettlohthys  meluioatlotiu 31,28,48 

•ordidoa 31,38,a 

Psychndatee 86 

pumdoxna 85 

PteroffBftthiu  wtlrtciu 43 

Pteroplftteft  mannoratB 88,44 

Ptychooheiliu 23 

gnMrilU 88 

grmndis 80,48 

Inoliu 25,43 

mn^or 28 

oregonensle 90 

ntpu .......26,30.43 

Torax 25,30 

PtychoetomoB  oongettiu 58 

Putnam,  F.  W 37,47 

PyrrhttUnB 18 

B. 

B«U 15 

BiOobatla 10 

blnooolat* 22 

Cooporl 27,31 

lUttniy,  A  lexander 4 

Bedding,  B.B 66,80,81.82,63,64 

Beptilea  of  Wyoming 48 

Kbachocheilna  tozotea 41 

BhacochUos  toxotca 20,29 

Bhintcbtbya  henaharii  47 

Bbina  calirornica 44 

Bhinobataa  prodaotns 31, 44 

Bbinoptera  respertilio 25,31,44 

Bblnow!ion 34 

aaturniu 41 

Bbinotriada 88 

Henlei 38 

Blebardaon 3 

Blchardaoniaa 26 

balteatas 80 

Uteralia 36,80 


Page. 

lUohArdMni.  J 14 

SI(Alknl»aa,  John 18,80 

BobaoD,  John  J* 08 

Itock  cod 40,51 

Ztockwood,  A.  P HOa 

Boandtbh 40 

& 

8 62 

Bwrrantto TOOOTO  ■•.>••■•■•••■.**••■■.....       48 

MUmUIl..M«a*a-.... ..•.■.....■■  4S 

Sttlu-lHdeA 30 

Lfwisl. ,. 15 

TlTRliudto ZB.80 

Bftlmo «...« 41 

BainlU M 

brvvtoanda M 

<uuBpb«lU 84 

ramlH ,. •...■■■.. ..............  S8 

Clarkll 11 

oonflueatiii M 

eooMutBA 20 

derawttna* 20 

ftmttiiaUs  so 

Galraoerl I3,1M0 

K^bbor M 

GiblMtt   » 2B 

HouihAwl SB 

Irldm .3S,4a,«l 

KeoMrtyl St,  00 

lafoc«t»hK)iia 10 

lonlii 40 

IfMonI 81,48 

mmrlociDnuta 40 

NrwberriJ M 

nltidu*    U^U 

(UalloCuan  {MUlfloW 18 

pancidnu U,10 

Parkri     M 

plrQritloai n 

prot4<as 10 

qninnat 18,  IS,  10, 30, 43,  41^  03.  M 

Tlralarti 13 

16.48.6a 

U,  1«,  10, 30i  43 

,.w..«... 10 

98^80 

48 

- M 

18. 15.18 

tO(t«*   «B 

TlrglmUa 4i^«I^M;«a,M 

Wamnl 84 

BclmoD 40 

C»lifara[ft 00,97 

CiASed ■•••...,        88 

Sahnon  flnhinie*,  Oi>maa. .»•••       48 

BAlmuollftbiDig 18 

SAliiKm,  hi«arl««4AJ0Uiicia BT 

SfttaDoaldK 88^40^87 

thXator^.ttc^mt 08 
Nortb  AmnrieM 9t 
ofPMUlo   40 
nulaciowiw 84,58 
(SMiridaj  hieiowp*.... 88 


l\ 


flitavAge,  R  K 

8fty.  T 

Smmmoo,  Capt.  C.  M , 

SclitUu,  Ale^nder 

ScUter,  P.L  

8oou)b«r 14, 

ScoB^^diego $$^ 

ScomlKinMKix 

Sooanbreaoi 

btVTlRMtrla 

SocHnbrooottuH    

aalnMraeoi |i( 

Seaipatiw  ipittatii ^M, 

Soorpniiohtbyfl 

laternUB SI, 

fBariDuratQs SO^H* 

SoorpiBBldB 

Soorpto , , 

ealifbrnlmiU 
SmI  Muda  of  Aiuka,  nport  on 
8«bw(«a H,tt, 

aoricnbitaa !MM^ 

Ayrraii 

eloDgataa 

fanclatiu 

fla vidua. 

hd  romaoulatoa 

melanopa 

oaboluMiB 

ttlcnkofaoiM 

ooellatiia 

om]1a 

pauelaplDla 21. 22, 8^ 

81.38. 

rvbsr 81, 

mb«r  TV.  pM-nu 

TulabOla 
SelwtodM 

•avldaa 
uvalbi 
Ssbaatoid  fkabea 
aebMtotda. 

B«ba>t«phu 

Sebaatowmns. 

atnolana. 

polltaa tt^i 

thnum 

Shftd,  CaUfonila  48. 48^  81, 81.1 

flniCatlfiinUA. 


Bfhyt 


iuaada 
Cspt.  J   H 
ttpfaaipiBna  l»rbataa 
SUntMivca,  Capt.  L 
«Mk.J  B 
amvlta,  CaUforate 
8iitlth,0.  J 

Dr.  Andraw 


INDEX. 


73 


i'age. 

, 44 

(AcutUaa)  nicUeyi 22 

M 46 

G.M 4 

•TBopslaof 8fi 

calUdrnk* 32 

Robert  B.C 62 

Jftpetu 63 

r,Fniu 32, 46, 40.  SO,  63, 64 

84 

32.38 

82,41 

L  I 83 

Is,  DOteOB 80 

puaotato* SO 

40 

UrlBSBton 47. 48, 49^  SO.  52,64, 68,08 

8 

r.  DsTid  Homphnya 10 

■n.  J.J 63 

T1HM.H 66 

,  Johannw 88 

■pearing 40 

iHktor.  G«a,  M.  D 20,88.84.37,48 

G  26 

tlftms 61 

Ifinftthn 3 

AbboU 27 

■rnndlTHPiw 27,80.44 

brtrrirmtria 21,80 

eaUforaifltisto 10,80,44 

dlmidintos 36,44 

CriaeoUnMtiu 22,44 

l«plortljilchu 21,80.44 

43 

T. 
84 

Utenlla 41 

TA^B.C 03 

TallHit,B 50 

TantaCta 12.18 

Titradoo  poUcna 27,80 

n^ekhthja 27 

StflTeosU 27,30 

Ttoaahv  aUrk,  fttUok  of 45 

Tbf«ck]Dortoii,S.B...  46,48.40 

Tmroi* 25 

eoUtl* 25 

, 26 

Ucolor 26,80 

oonfonnU 80.48 

cta^ 28,80,48 

«Cnfflik 27.8<i 

(racOU 25.30 

HoBboldtl 25,80 

lotetmedi* 25 

UanU 25,30 

nlmaecDs 25 

oInu 25,30 

pBfvnm 25 

•fnumto 33 

W.0 8,0 

15 

taMtnim 24,44 

Timj.Jate w.io 


Pag«. 

TowDSend,  John  E 16 

TrachiDQS  oirrboaoB JO 

trlchodoo 0,10,11 

Trftcfaonu  boopa 27,28 

symmetriciiB 28,42 

TrUcis  seinifasciattis 44 

Triakis  semlfuciatum 22,31 

Trlchodon  nneatna   «2,42 

Btelleri 11,16 

Trochocopaa 88 

pnlcher 41 

Troscfael,  O 23 

TroMhel,F.H 20 

Trowbridge,  Ueot.  W.  P 21,24 

Trygon f 44 

Tomer,  Wimaaj  N 40 

TyphlogobiOB  caHfomieiiala 64 

U. 

Umbra 16 

Umbrtoa  undulsta 21,28,41 

United  States  FlahCommisaioBer't  report..  40,54 

Uranidea  punotolsta 62 

vheeleri 47. 62 

Uraptera  binocniata 31, 44 

Urolophos  Halleri 38, 44 

Uropsetta 36 

V. 

VasconTer  Island 30, 40 

Vaatrea •- 18 

Ten'egas 8 

Mlgoel 7 

Vertebrata,  Cretaoeona 61 

Vigor«,N.A 14 

Viviparous  fish 23, 24, 40 

flab  ttom  Jspan 24 

fishes,  notice  upon 23 

perch 00 

W. 

Wachn^a  Cnmtachatlca 0 

"Warreo" 40 

We8teni.C.B 64 

Wheeler,  Lient.  G.  M 47, 51, 60 

Whipple,  Lleat  A.  W 26. 31 

WaUamson,  Lieut.  R.  8 20. 25, 26, 31 

Wilmot.  Sam S". 

Wilson.  John  L 60 

Sir  Samuel 

WoodhonBO,8.W  

W.V.S 

Wyraan,  JoffHes 


..   .     60,61 

19 

66 

21, 23, 26, 3-J 


X. 


Xantns,  J 30,37 

Xeuichtbys  califomlensls 40 

XiphldSon 27 

mucosnm 27, 42 

mucosus 28 

Xiphiilium  rruoreuni 46 

Y. 

Yarrow.  H.  C 48,40,51.63,50 

Yukon  KiviT  fishes 44 

Z. 

Zaniolepis 26 

latiplnnis 26,28 

Zygaeua,  remarks  on  the  foetal 23 

Zygoneciea 8 


S^cpcirf mcnf    of  flic    S^nfcrior-   y^^ 

t:.  s.  national  MusEmi. 


12 


BULLETIN 


(Mli:i)  STATKS  NATIONAL  MTSEIM 


I-;  -1  nMUlUlTlii.NS  TO  XOIiTH  AMERICAN  ICIITIIYHLIKIY.  M).  I!. 


A   --<  )ii  ilif  Difttiiliutitm  of  i\w  KiHlmsof  tln'  AUi'jjliuny  liejjion 
•  •r  Miiith  ('uniliiiii,  (it'orpa,  and  'iViiiicKHci*,  wilh 
I>fM-ri|iti<iiiH  n|  Nrw  or  LittlfKimwn  Sjm'cm-m. 


DAVID    S.    JOIIDAN 

\i.i:.MHi:irr  \v.   HUAvroN 

I'.— A  Syiiiipsis  (if  till"  Faiiiily  <'al(wtoini(la*. 

»Y 

DAVID    S,    JoliDAN. 


WASH  I  NCTON: 
< J <> V i: ij X M I : N  r   i* iii n  1 1 .\ < ;    o i- 1 ■  i c E . 

I  s  7  s . 


^epartmcTii  of  ih«   3Jnierior 

V.  a.  NATIONAL  UaSEUM. 


12 


BULLETIN 


OF  THB 


HTED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


IsTo.   13. 


PUBU8HKD  DSDEB  THE  DIEECTIOS  OF  THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


WASHINGTON: 
®OT»BRMBHT     PEINTINO     OFFIOB. 

1878. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


This  work  is  the  twelfth  of  a  series  of  papers  intended  to  illustrate 
the  collections  of  Kataral  History  and  Ethnology  belonging  to  the  United 
States  and  constituting  the  National  Mnseam,  of  which  the  SmithBObiali 
Institntion  was  placed  in  charge  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  Angnst  10, 
1846. 

It  has  been  prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Institution,  and  printed  by 
authority  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 
Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
Smithsonian  Institution, 

Washington,  May^  1878, 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


ro 


MTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY. 


BASED  PRIMASILY  ON  TBS 

( 

COLLECTIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MDSEUM. 


III. 


A.— On  the  I>iivtribtttion  of  the  Fishes  of  the  Alleghany  Region  of  Ponth  Carolina, 
0«or8;ia,  andTenDeasee,  with  Deacriptionf*  of  New  or  Little  Known  Species. 

BY 

DAVID    S.   JORDAN 

AKD 

ALEMBERT    W.    BRAYTON. 

B. — A  Synopsis  of  the  Family  Catostomidffi. 

BY 

DAVID   S.   JORDAN. 


WASHINGTON: 

OOTBBNHSNT   PBINTINO    OFFICE 

1878. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Pi«e. 
JM)d  Um  distribntioD  of  tfae  fleheB  of  the  Allegbany  Region  of  Sooth  Carolina, 
Georgi*,  and  Tennetsee,  with  desciiptions  of  new  or  little  known 

^ecies 7 

Urt  of  streams  examined 8 

habbb  Baain , 11 

SiTunahBaain .' 29 

Altamaha  Baaio 34 

Cfaattaboochee  Basin 39 

ihhama  Baain 44 

TeniMaMte  Basin 56 

Cmberlaxul  Basin 71 

Bceapitolatioo 82 

Table  abo wing  the  diatribntion  of  speeiee 82 

DMtzibntion  of  genera 88 

Conclnaiona 91 

■.—STiiaptta  of  tbe  family  Catoetomidn 97 

CatostominaB 98 

CreleptiniB 98 

BobalichthyiniB 99 

Lilt  of  nominal  q»ecies 100 

inalxeis  of  genera 103 

Gfloaa  QoaMilabia 104 

Qoaesilabia  lacera 106 

Genns  Placopharynx  . .. 107 

Plaeophanrnx  carioatns 108 

Genos  Ifjxostoma 110 

Myxostoma  carpio 11B 

Myxostoma  earyopa 119 

Hyxoetoma  roacrolepidotom 120 

Myxoatoma  aareolum 124 

Mjxoatomacrawilabre 126 

Myxostoma  conus 126 

Xyxflstoma  anisnra 126 

Myxostoma  poecilora 128 

Myxostoma  slbidam 129 

Myxostoma  cervinam 129 

Myxostoma  albom 130 

Myxostoma  tholaMionm ..•  13t 

Myxostoma  velatam 132 

Myxostoma  coDgestom 133 

Myxostoma  pidiense 133 

Myxostoma  coregonns 134 

Myxostoma  papilloenm 134 

Gnas  Miny  trema 136 

Miaytrema  melanops 138 

6 


TABLE    OF   C0:STEN18. 

Page. 

Genas  Erimyzon 140 

Erimyzou  sacetta - 144 

ErimyzoD  goodoi ■  148 

Genns  Chasmistea ; 149 

CbaBDiistes  fecundns  .. 150 

Genus  Cntostomns 151 

Catostonins  nigricans IGA 

Catoatomns  clarki 165 

Catoatomiw  icsignis .- 165 

CatostomoB  teres 16R 

Catostoiuas  luacrochiltia - 171 

Catoatomns  occidentalis 179 

Catostomns  labiatiis 173 

Catoatomuaarseopas.-. ^, 173 

Cutostomuataboensis 173 

Catostomns  roatratas 174 

CatoatomuaLuBgivostri» ,,,■.,, 175 

Catostomns  retropimiia 17B 

Catostomna  latipinnia - 178 

Catoatonina  discobolus 179 

Genua  Pantoatoua 180 

Pantoatens  virescens 183 

PaDtoateaspIatyrhynohaa 183 

Pantoatens  K^^nerosus 183 

Pantoatena  plebeius ,... 184 

Genns  Cycleptus 186 

Cycloptns  elongatua 169 

Genua  Carpiodea 190 

Carpiodea  diHbnnis 195 

Carpiodea  cntisanserinaa 196 

Carpiodes  velifer 196 

Carpiodea  bison .....  197 

Carpiodes  tbompsoni 198 

Carpiodea  cyprinna }98 

Cari)iodes  carpio ...  SOO 

Genus  Bubalichthya 201 

Bnbalichthys  bubalua )J06 

Babalichthys  urua S09 

Bnbalicbtbya  meridionalia 210 

Genus  Icbtbyobns 211 

Ichtbyobns  bubalns 214 

Genus  Myxocyprinna 817 

Myxocyprinua  aaiaticna 217 

Addendum S»19 

Cbaamistealiorus 219 

Catostomns  fecundns • 219 

Bibltograpby 221 

Index 831 


IBUTIONS 


TO 


TORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY. 


No.  3. 


IS  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  FISHES  OF  THE  ALLEGHANY 
HON  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA,  GEORGIA,  AND  TENNESSEE, 
'H  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  OR  LITTLE  KNOWN  SPECIES, 


Bt  DATZD  8.  JOBDAH  AXD  AlUCHEHT  W.  BRAYTOX. 


TliU.p«per  is  biu»e(1  primarily  on  the  collectiona  made  by  tlie  present 
asAisted  by  Mr.  O.  H.  Gilbert,  and  a  party  of  students  from 
University,  during  the  pa«t  aammer  (1877),  in  varions  streams  of 
Caruliuu,  Georgia*  and  Tennessee.    For  the  purpose  of  a  more 
IcU?  dJMCUHMiou  of  ijuestious  of  geographical  distribution,  the  au- 
bave  brought  together,  with  their  own  observations,  those  pi'evi- 
ly  miiil«  ou  the  fisU-faonic  of  the  same  streams  by  other  writers, 
ly  lb4»  ol»M.'>rvatiouH  on  the  fishes  of  the  Tennessee  Basin  by 
Aganaiz;*  those  on  the  fishes  of  the  basins  of  tbe  Sauteef 
ba>y  TcDDO0Hee,|  and  Camberland,||  by  Professor  Cope,  and  ou 
l>«A  of  the  Cumberland,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  and   AIrnmah:i 


''Xolsev  of  a  Cotlrctiuu  of  V'mhvH  fr-irii  tlii*  ^^onlbcni  iWnd  i>f  ttiu  TL-iineiiaoe  lUvcr,  lu 
li..  sjfc*-  ..f  Al„t...... .      By  L.  AguAt>i2.     <  Atuerican  Journal  Sci.  Arta,  1jS4,  pji.  207- 


i  ri»bc8  of  North  CaroUnn.  ByE.D.Copo.    <Proc.Am.Phil( 

I_^  life. 

Ml*  Uk'  »u  of  Krt«lfWaUr  FiafaM  to  the  Alleghany  Kogioti  of  Boatb-WMteni 

l;>  il  It.  i.'apti,  A.  M.     <  Joaruul  Aeiul.  Xat.  8oi.  PUilo.  uew  serleo,  vol.  vi, 
,  JMiurjr.  l£)(JU,  pp.  307-^7. 
ICb  mmt  Btlwo«toBiiti«  Perch  from  TenDOiMe  and  North  Carolina.    By  E.  D.  Cojw. 
H  ftai.  Am.  rwfen.  eoc,  187fJ^  pp.  361-270. 


8         CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ^IH. 

basins  by  Professor  Jordan.*  The  parpose  of  this  paper  is  to  give  * 
rifiumi  of  all  that  is  certainly  known  in  regard  to  the  ichthyology  of 
the  seven  bydrographio  basins  embraced  in  its  scope,  viz,  the  Santee, 
Savannah,  Altamaba,  Chattahoochee,  Alabama,  Tennessee,  and  Gun- 
berland.  For  purposes  of  comparison,  a  t4ible  of  distribntion  of  spedes 
is  added,  which  includes,  in  addition,  what  is  known  of  the  flsh-fuinB 
of  the  James,  Koanoke,  Neuse,  Qreat  Pedee,  and  Ohio. 

The  following  is  a  classified  list  of  the  streams  which  have  been  ex- 
amined in  each  water-basin  inclndcd  in  this  paper,  with  a  word  or  two 
suggestive  of  the  character  of  each  stream.  The  collectious  in  eveiy 
case  were  made  by  one  or  both  of  the  present  writers,  unless  otherwise 

stated 

LIST  OF  STREAMS  EXAMINED. 

I.— SANTEE  SASm. 

1.  Catawba  Kiver  and  tributaries  in  North  Carolina.    (Cope,  1869.) 

2.  Ennoree  Iliver,  near  Chick  Springs,  S.  C.    (Deep,  muddy,  and  rapid.) 

3.  Reedy  River,  at  Greenville  Court-House,  S.  C.    (Muddy.) 

4.  Saluda  River,  at  Farr's  Mills,  west  of  Greenville.    (Clear  and  rapid; 

a  fine  seining-gronnd.) 

II.— SAVANNAH  BASIN. 

1.  Tngaloo  River,  Habersham  County,  Ga.,  Just  below  month  of  Panther. 

(Clear,  broad  rapids.) 

2.  Panther  Creek,  north  of  Toccoa  City,  Ga.    (Clear  monntain-etreftm.) 

3.  Toccoa  Creek,    below   Toccoa  Falls,  Ga.     (Clear,  cold  moantain- 

stream ;  contains  little  besides  Hydrophlox  ntbricroceus.) 

4.  Toxaway  and  Chatuga  Rivers  and  tributaries  about  the  foot  of  White- 

side  Mountain.    (Clear  monntaiD-streams,  abounding  in  Troat.) 

III.— ALTAMAHA  BASIN. 

1.  Oconee  River,  at  Sulphur  Springs  aud  Fuller's  Mills,  Hall  Gonnty, 

Georgia.    (Clear.) 

2.  Ocmulgoe  River,  Reed'd  Fish-pond,  south  of  Atlanta,  Ga.    (Head- 

waters; clear.) 

3.  Oomulgee  River,  South  Fork,  Flat  Rock,  De  Kalb  County,  Georgia. 

(Partiv  clear ;  a  small  falls,  and  a  deep  basin  worn  in  granite  rock; 
am  for  seining.) 

ipsls  of  the  Fishes  of  UpperOeorgia;  with  Supplementary  Papenon 
KM,  Kentucky  aud  Indiana.  By  David  Starr  Jordan,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D 
roeam  Nat  Hist.  vol.  xi,  1877,  pp.  307-377. 


Oir  TEU5  nSHES  OF    THE  ALLEGHANT   REGION.  9 

4.  Ocmalgeo  Biver,  Macon,  Oa.     (Oollectiou  of  Dr.  T.  H.  Bean  and 
other  members  of  the  United  States  Fish  Oommission.) 

IV. — CHATTAHOOOnEE  BASIN. 

1.  Chattahoochee  Biver  at  Shallow  Ford,  northwest  of  OainesviUe,  Ga. 

(Broad,  shallow,  rapid ;  water  moderately  clear.) 

2.  Suwannee  Creek,  near  Suwannee,  Gwinnett  Ooanty,  Ga.     (Deep, 

muddy,  and  very  cold.    Contains  chiefly  Codama  eurystoma.) 
Z.  Peach  Tree  Creek,  just  north  of  Atlanta.    (Deep  and  muddy.) 
^  STancy's  Creek,  northwest  of  Atlanta.    (Clear  and  rapid.) 
fiu  Flint  Biver,  in  Taylor  County.    (Collection  of  Dr.  Hugh  M.  Neisler 

in  United  States  National  Musenm.) 

v.— ALABAMA  BASIN. 

A, — EUncah  Biver. 

1.  Pettis  Creek,  near  Cartersville,  Ga.    (Clear,  rocky.) 

2.  Silver  Creek,  near  Borne,  Ga.    (Clear,  rapid ;  a  fine  stream  for  col- 

lecting.) 

3.  Dyke's  Creek  and  Pond,  near  Borne,  Ga.    (Clear  and  cold.) 

B, — Oostanaula  Eiver, 

4.  Bocky  Creek,  near  Floyd  Springs,  Ga.    (A  fine,  clear  stream.) 

5.  John's  Creek,  near  Floyd  Springs.    (Clear.) 

6.  Lovejoy's  Creek,  near  Floyd  Springs.    (A  small  sandy  stream,  full 

of  fishes.) 

7.  Big  Armuchee  Creek,  above  Borne.    (Clear.) 

8.  Big  Dry  Creek,  near  Borne.    (A  succession  of  weedy  rock-pools.) 

9.  Little  Dry  Creek,  near  Bome.    (Like  the  preceding.) 

10.  Waters's  Creek,  above  Bome.    (Muddy  and  rocky.) 

11.  Lavender  Creek,  in  Texas  Valley,  Ga.    (A  small  clear  stream.) 

0. — Coosa  River. 

12'  Beech  Creek,  near  Bome.    (Muddy.) 

I^  Horse-leg  Creek,  near  Bome.    (Bocky,  clear.) 

H  Little  Cedar  Creek,  at  Cave  Spring,  Ga.  (A  fine,  clear,  cold  stream. 
Ooe  of  the  best  for  the  oollection  of  fishes.  Abounds  in  Xenisma 
MUferum^  Eydropklox  ohrosomusy  Codoma  caUistiaj  and  other 
beautifal  species.) 

^•^ Alabama  Biver^  near  Montgomery,  Ala,  (Collection  of  Dr.  Bean  and 
others,  1876.) 


10      CONTBIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMBBICAN  ICHTHTOLOGT — ^IIL 

VI.— TENIVESSEB  BASIN. 

A, — Upper  Course* 

1.  Glioch  Biver,  tributaries  in  Southwestern  Virginia.    (Cope,  1868.) 

2.  Powell's  River,  near  Onmberland  Gap.    (Clear.) 

3.  Indian  Creek,  near  Cumberland  Qap.    (Clear.) 

4.  Station  Creek,  near  Cnmberland  Oap.    (Clear.) 

5.  Holston   River,    various   tributaries    in    Soathwestem   YirioQia* 

(Cope,  1868.) 
C.  French  Broad  River,  at  Newport,  Tenn.    (Bather  deep  and  maddy.) 

7.  French  Broad  Biver,  about  Warm  Springs,  K.  C,  Asheville,  2T.  0., 

and  elsewhere.)     (Cope,  1869.)     (Rapid,  rocky,  and  generally 
clear.) 

8.  Big  Pigeon  River,  at  Cliffton,  Tenn.    (Rather  clear.) 

9.  Swaonanoa  Biver,  at  foot  of  Black  Mountain.    (Clear,  cold  mount- 

aiu-stream,  with  trout.) 

B, — Lower  Course. 

10.  Cbickamanga  Biver,  at  Binggold,  6a.     (Bather  clear  and  veiy 

rocky.) 

11.  Tributaries  of  Tennessee  Biver,  about  Huntsvillo,  Ala.    (Agassis; 

Kewman's  collection,  1853.) 

12.  Tributaries  of  Tennessee  Biver,  about  Florence,  Ala.    (Storer,  18i5.) 

13.  Elk  Biver  and  tributaries,  at  Estill  Springs,  Tcun.    (Clear,  rocky, 

and  cold.) 

Vn.— CUMBERLAND  BASIN. 

1.  Bound-Stone  Biver,  Rock  Castle  County,  Kentucky.    (Clear.) 

2.  Rock  Castle  River,  Livingston,  Ky.    (Clear  and  rocky.) 

3.  Big  Laurel  River,  Laurel  County,  Kentucky.    ;Clear.) 

4.  Cumberland  River,  about  Pineville,  Ky.    (Clear,  rocky.) 

5.  Yellow  Creek,  near  Cumberland  Gap.    (Rather  muddy.) 

6.  South  Fork  of  Cumberland  lUver,  in  Tennessee.    (Cope,  1869.) 

7.  Cumberland  Biver  and  tributaries,  near  Nashville.    (Winchell,1876.) 

8.  Stone  River,  Murfreesboro',  Tenn.    (Clear  and  rooky.) 

It  will  be  noticed  that  almost  without  exception  the  above-mentioned 
localities  are  in  the  mountainous  or  upland  parts  of  the  different  water- 
basins.  Of  the  fishes  inhabiting  distinctively  the  lowland  couraes  of 
most  of  the  streams^  little  is  yet  definitely  known* 


FI8RE8   OF   THE    8ANTEE    BASIN. 


11 


8ftDtee,  SnvAuimlj,  AUAmaba,  and  ChuttaboocbDo  have  bcea 
toiMl  oaly  in  that  jiait  of  their  coursfl  whiub  flows  ovpr  metamor- 
Tbe  thtte  Wf  stern  streams  bare  been  studied  cbiefly  in  the 
)De  regions.  Tbe  lilbological  character  of  tbo  bed  of  a  stream 
ncercaiu  iiitlueuco  ou  its  H^h-fauua,  as  will  be  sceu  bei-eufter.  Geu- 
rRiU>  limetitone  8tTvaina  are  richer  in  specioA  than  those  with  granitic 
Mtuma. 

The  lyp^R  of  the  new  Hpecies  dew^ribed  below  are  deposited  in  the 
C•iti^<l  Sutte-s  >{atiouul  Maseum  at.  Wasbingtou,  and  iu  tbe  Museum  of 
Jotlcr  Ubiv^r^lty,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

I. — SAITTEB  BASIK. 


Tb!rty-uiDe  8|>ecies  are  ascertained  to  occur  iu  the  headwaters  of  tbe 
iver,  tbirty-tbreo  having  been  obtained  by  Professor  Cope  in 
fba  Uiver  in  North  Carolina,  and  thirty  by  the  present  writers 
ta  tlM9  SttUidtt  and  Euuoree  iu  South  Carolina.    Of  these  thirty  nine 
[leei^    tea   are  Dot  as  yet  knowu   from    any   other   hydrographic 
leae  are :  Alrordiuft  crasiuSj  KotkonotUH  thata^^inns,  Ceratichtkys 
CcratkhthyH  caHCwtM,  Codoma  pi/rrhomclat<i  Codoma  chloristUu 
twjeni*  niveua^  Allrurnops  chioroeqtfitiius^  Allfurnopa  saludtinuVj  aud 
\tom4i  album.     Tbe  apparent  absence  of  LitJtilua  cornutus  in  tbe 
,  Santve,  Savannah,  Alt^imaha,  and  Chattaboocbee  Basins i:^ 
,  ub  that  species  is  abundant  in  the  tributaries  of  the  Neuse  on 
emsx  and  the  Alabama  ou  the  west,  as  iu  all  streams  northward  to 
Ujaaesota  aud  ^^uw  England. 
Tl  '  -^  most  abundant  as  to  individuals,  in  the  Salnda  at  leasts 

jij.,.,... -^  Xvlropiu  phvtOiji'tm,  Jlext  to  this  como  Codoma  pyrrhome- 
and  VcraiieMhipi  Oiffuttatm.  Uf  the  CatoHtomid(Ff  Myxoatoma  ccrvinum 
Id  be  the  predominant  species;  of  the  JSUuridWf  Amiurus  brun- 
•»«,  and  of  Uie  Centrarchidn^  LepwpoHiiof  auritim.  The  (rltief  foo<l- 
ft((L«ii  uc  OreeriVille,  S.  C,  are  the  **Mu<I  Cats*'  {Amiurua  brunneutt  aud 
i^foepKaluM}^  tbe  ^*FinoAcaled  Buoker*'  {Catostomu^t  commerjtoni),  the 
{AnffnHia  rj«/^«i*M],  the  **Sj»otled  Sneker*^  {Minytrema  uielanopH),  the 
INreb**  (LepiopomuM  avrUuM],  the  ''War-month  Perch  "  {ChanobryUuH 
>tnrf^),  Uio  ''.lack^  {^Ehox  reticulatns),  aud  the  ''Jump  Kocks^*  {My,ra- 


12       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY — HI 


ETHEOSTOMATID^. 
Genus  ALVORDIUS  Girard. 

1,  Al.VOUDlUS  CfiASSUS,  «/).  ttov, 

EtheostoiM  maeuJahtm  var.  Copp.,  Pmc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  ItCO,  961, 903,  and  449.    (Not, 
JIadroptfriu  nuuulatui  Gir&rd.) 

A  Species  bonring  considernblo  resemblnuc©  to  ^I.  a(fpro,  bnt  I 
dislinctly  marked  uiid  more  benvity  bniU,  tbe  form  being  lesH  gracefn 
than  that  of  the  other  members  of  the  geoaa.  Body  considerably  com 
piv^aedi  tbe  depth  4}  times  in  length  to  origin  of  caudal  (as  in  nil  e 
iu  this  paper).  Head  comparatively  Kbort,  3}  in  length;  the  snou 
medium,  not  acuminate  as  in  A*  phoxac^hahiaj  nor  especially  obtase 
Eye  moderate,  as  long  as  snout,  4  iu  head.  Mouth  ratber  small  for  th 
genus,  nearly  borizoutui,  tbe  upper  jaw  but  little  the  longer:  upper 
jaw  not  projectile:  maxillary  reaching  anterior  margin  of  eye. ■ 

Cheeks  naked:  opercles  with  a  few  scales  above:  back  and  breas 
naked:  middle  lino  of  belly  in  some  specimens  naked:  in  others  wit 
cularged  plates.  Scales  on  the  body  rather  larger  than  usual,  abon 
7-55-7. 

Fins  moderately  developed:  dorsal  XIl-I,  10,  varying  to  Xf-I,  11 
an  increase  iu  the  number  of  the  spines,  as  nsual,  accompanying 
decrease  in  the  number  of  soft  rays,  a  rule  apparently  not  hitherto 
noticed,  and  perhaps  not  of  general  application.    The  two  dorsal  fln 
are  well  separated,  the  first  being  longer  than  the  second,  but  consid 
ably  lower. 

Anal  fin  shorter,  but  higher  than  second  dorsal,  II,  0;  the  two  spines 
well  developed.     Caudal  fin  deeply  lunnte,  almost  furcate.    Poctonili 
and  ventrals  large,  their  tips  about  equal. 

Coloration  rather  plaiu.  General  hue  olivaceons;  the  back  markf 
with  darker,  as  in  the  other  species  of  the  genus.  Sides  with  a  serh 
of  dark  olive,  rounded  blotches,  connected  along  the  lateral  Hue  by 
narrow,  dark  band  j  a  dark  streak  forwartl,  and  one  downward  from  the' 
eye.  First  doi'sal  with  a  dark  spot  in  front,  and  another  on  its  last 
rays.  Secon4l  dorsal,  caudal,  and  |>ectoral8  barred  with  dark  spot 
Anal  and  veutniU  aucolon^d. 

Length  of  longest  specimens  observed,  ."5  inchea 

HnhiUit. — Saluda,  Ennoive,  and  Reedy  Rivers,  in  nipid  water,  espe* 
cially  abundant  iu  the  Saluda  at  Fan^s  Mills.    Also  recorded  by  Co[ 
from  the  Catawba. 


rto 

1 


Genus  BOLEOSOMA  DeKaij, 

3.  BOLEOSOMjL  MAOULATICEFB  Cope, 

mmemttiiicep*  CoPK  (I.«70).Pro<'.  Am.  PIiiloR.  Sik-„  2G9  and  4S0.  (Catawba 
1L>— Jordan  A  Cov^ukSD  (1676)^  Check  Llat  (BulL  BuiTulo  Soo.  Nat.  Xilai.}^ 
I8X    (Naino  only.) 

pM  JoRDAJv  (1S7T),  Boll.  U.  S.  Nat  Mun.  x,  15.    (Name  only.) 

«{««f<rif  JoRDAJt  (1S77),  Add.  N.  Y.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist  3&9.    (Ocmulgeo  Rlvor.) 


^H   A  single  specimeu  takeu  iu  the  Saluda  Kiver  at  Forres  Mills  answers 

^H^ply  lo  Prote^Hor  Cope's  Oescription.    The  npper  part  of  the  cheeks 

^^^^^^wever,  u  few  scattering  scales.    This  species  is  a  true  Bokamma. 

^^^^^KtS^  ^^*^  O'l^  ^^  Boleoaoma  has  but  a  slofrleanal  spine  and  IS.  efful- 

fRu  and  £.  maculaticepH  have  two  anal  epiues,  the  esaeutial  character  of 

(hote  apiDes  is  the  same  in  both  cases,  and  the  genus  Arlina,  based  on 

&  rfml^feMM,  is  a  synonym  of  Boleosojua,     Iu  Boleosoma,  the  spines  are 

ftll  weak  and  flexible,  and  those  of  the  anal  especially  so.     In  most  or 

»U  of  ihe  other  genera  of  Echeoatomatida,  the  anal  spines  are  stiff  and 

loag,  and,  with  scarcely  an  exceptioa,  the  first  spine  is  the  longer  of  the 

tvo.     In  the  species  of  Boleosoma,  with  two  anal  spines,  the  two  spines 

air  uucqiiul,  the  second  the  longer,  both  extremely  slender  and  flexible; 

Kit  at  all  ^^spioe^-Uke,  except  that  they  are  not  inarticulate.    This 

f^Me  condition  of  the  spines  seems  to  constitute  the  chief  generic 

diaraeter  of  Boleosania, 

^L  Two  of  Ihe  si>eoies  provisionally  referred  by  Professor  Jordan  (Bull, 

^|tr.  &  Xat.  Mos.  X)  to  *^ArUna^j  tIz,  Arlina  9tig7tuea  Jor.  and  A.  atripin- 

■tf  Jor^  have  Uie  auat  spines  well  developed,  as  usual  iu  EOieostomatidw. 

Ttae  two  Bpeciea  and  their  congeners  apparently  constitute  a  distinct 

as,  (lilTifring  fVom  Diplcaium  in  the  toothed  vomer  aud  from  Notho- 

Id    the   protractile   upper  jaw.     For  this   genus,  the  name  of 

itra  (Jordan)  baa  been  suggested  (Man.  VerL  ed.  2d,  p.  223J,  iu 

to  Cbe  development  of  the  spines. 


Genua  NOTHOXOTUS  Ayassit. 

A  kaodaocDO  apedea,  differing  from  the  others  now  referred  to  this 
CniQ*  in  tbe  eiitlre  nakedness  of  the  head. 

nUher  stout,  the  depth  about  5  times  in  the  length,  com. 
i'jv«»«i  Mii'  '  ■*  "^  iMick  somewhat  arched.  Head  large,  4  in  length, 
tLfsaootr.i  unt  nud  convex  iu  profile;  a  pretty  decidt-'d  angle 


14       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 


i 
1 


opposite  the  eye.    Eyes  largo,  bigh  ap,  looker  than  the  mazele,  3} 
iu  bead :  iiiterorbital  space  rather  narrow,  the  eye  liaving  some  upwoxd 
range.    Mouth  moderate,  slightly  abliqae,  the  maxillary  reaching  Xi 
orbit.     Upper  jaw  slightly  longer  than  the  lower,  not  protractile,     kit 
eutirely  naked,  both  cheeks  and  oiH.'ircles  being  destitute  of  scales. 

Scales  large,  6-43-5.    Belly  scaled :  throat  nuked :  neck  auteriorl] 
naked,  but  scaly  in  front  of  the  dorsal :  lateral  line  complete. 

Fins  all  large  :  U,  X-1, 10,  or  IX-1, 11,  the  membrane  of  the  first  doi 
sal  continued  to  the  base  of  the  second :  longest  dorsal  spine  a  littU 
over  half  the  length  of  the  head,  scarcely  shorter  than  the  soft  rays; 
the  base  of  the  spinous  dorsal  n  little  longer  than  that  of  the  soft  doi 
sal.    Anal  11^  S,  rather  smaller  than  second  dorsal,  the  first  spine  longer' 
and  larger  than  the  second.     Caudal  Hii  deeply  lunate,  almost  forked. 
Pectoral  and  ventral  Qos  large;  the  former  reaching  nearly  to  the  vent 
the  latter  somewhat  shorter. 

Color,  in  spirits:  Olive,  closely  mottled  and  tessellated  above  with^ 
dark  green  ;  this  color  extending  down  the  siden,  forming  sis  or  eighty 
irregular  dark  green  bars.  Ilead  dark  green ;  a  dark  green  line  dowoi 
ward  from  eye  and  another  forward.  Fins  in  males  nearly  plain,  tb< 
spinous  dorsal  with  a  black  edge;  females  with  all  the  tins  except  th^ 
ventrals  closely  barred  or  sjwckled  with  dark  green.  Two  pale  orange 
s|>ots  at  the  base  of  ttie  candal. 

Life-colors :  The  colors  of  a  male  specimen  in  life  are  us  follows:  Body 
dark  olive  and  blotche<l  above:  sides  with  nine  dark  blue-greon  vertii 
bars,  the  five  next  the  last  most  distinct,  and  reaching  down  nearly 
the  anal.     Spinous  dorsal  reddish  at  base,  then  with  a  broad  blacl 
band,  the  uppermost  third  being  of  a  bright  fermginoos  orange-red 
second  dorsal  blackish  at  base,  reddish  above:  caudal  with  two  ornoj 
blotches  at  base,  black  mesially,  pale  orange  externally.     Anal  fin  of 
brilliant  blue-green  culor  at  base,  pale  at  tip.    Pectorals  barred,  tb< 
middle  of  the  fin  grass-green.    Ventrals  dnsby  meslally,  with  a  greei 
^hnde.    Opercular  region  more  or  less  grass-green  :  streaks  al>out  ey4 
blackish -green. 

Length  of  largest  specimens  taken,  2^  inches. 

habitat — Very  abnndant  in  all  the  streams  seined,  especially  so  iu 
the  rocky  shoals  of  Keedy  Kiver  in  the  city  of  Greenvi 

This  handsome  little  (Ish  may  be  easily  known  from 
the  smooth  heail,  and  by  the  general  greenness  of  its  coloration,' whlolfl 
resembles  somewbat  that  of  the  species  of  Viplcsinm, 


>dy 

icalJ 


1,  traj^nrviuiij   »v   lu 

ille.  J 

1  its  congeners  bjfl 


VIBHES  OF  THE   SANTEB  BASIN.  15 

Genus  ETHEOSTOMA  Bafinesque. 

4.  ETHEOSTOMA  FLABEXLAQB  Haf, 
{CaUmoin$  Jlahellatus  Anct.) 

Three  specimens  doabtfally  referred  to  this  species  were  obtained  by 
Professer  Cope  in  tbe  Catawba  Blver. 

CENTRARCHID^. 

Genus  MICROPTERUS  Lac6phde, 

5.  MiOBOFTBBVS  FAXxmns  {Bafinosque)  QiU  <t  Jwdan, 

Professor  Cope  obtained  this  species  in  the  Catawba.  We  collected 
none  in  tbe  Salada  or  Ennoree,  but  we  were  told  that  "  Tront",  as  tbe 
species  of  Micropterus  are  universally  called  in  the  Sonth^  are  frequently 
taken  there. 

Genus  CH^NOBRTTTUS  GiK 

6.  CaaiNOBETTTUS  TIHIDIS  (Ctw.  d:  VaL)  Jordan, 

The  War-month  Perch  occurs  in  abundance  in  the  Saluda,  and  appar- 
ently in  all  the  South  Atlantic  streams.  Cope  says  that  it  is  exceedingly 
common  in  all  tbe  streams  of  Eastern  Korth  Carolina,  and  that  it  is 
kDown  as  the  Red-eyed  Bream  on  the  Catawba.  This  species  is  very 
doBely  related  to  C  guloaus,  differing  chiefiiy  in  the  color  and  in  the 
somewhat  less  robust  form.    It  may  be  only  a  variety. 

Genus  LEPIOPOMUS  Eafinesqm. 

7.  LEPiOPOMtrs  AtTBiTUS  {lAnnmus)  Raf, 

All  my  specimens  of  this  species  from  the  Saluda  have  a  dusky  blotch 
Of  bar  at  the  base  of  the  soft  dorsal,  a  feature  of  coloration  not  shown  by 
oiy  Korthern  specimens.  This  is  a  widely  diffused  species,  and,  like  most 
^Qch,  is  quite  variable. 

Genus   EUPOMOTIS  GUI  dt  Jordan. 

8.  EuPOMOTis  AUREUS  (Wolbaum)  QUI  &  Jordan, 

Proft^sor  Cope  obtained  this  species  in  Catawba  River.  We  have 
DBviDr  collected  it  in  the  Southern  States.  It  is  probably  chiefly  con- 
fined to  the  lowland  regions. 


16       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOKTH  AMERICAK  ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. 

ESOCIDJi. 

Genus  ESOX  Linnmts. 

9.  Esox  BBTIOULATUS  Le  Sueur. 

Very  common.  We  are  annble  to  distingaisb  tbe  Southern  form 
[pluilerattts  Say,  afftni^  Holbrook)  as  e^en  varietally  distinct  from  tb< 
Northern  reticulatua. 

10.  Esox  UAYEi^Li  Eolbrook, 

Obtained  by  Professor  Oope  in  the  Oatiiwba.  Its  specific  distinctioi 
from  E.  americanus  Qmeliu  appears  questionable. 

SALMONID^. 

Genus  SALVELINUS  Richardson, 

11.  Salvelikus  FONTtNALis  {MitchiU)  Gill  d;  Jordan, 

This  Bpecies  was  found  by  Professor  Cope  in  the  headwaters  of 
Catawba  River. 

CYPRINIDxE. 
Genus  CAMPOSTOMA  Agassis, 

12.  Gaufostoua  anovaluu  (fia/.)  Ag, 
Subspecies  proJirum  (Storer)  Jor. 
few  specimens  from  Saluda  River.    Also  in  the  Catawba  (Cope) 

Genus  HYBOGNATHUS  Agassis. 

13.  HYBOGNATHUS  AROYHITIS   Girard, 

A  few  specimens  were  obtained  in  Saluda  River,  not  distiiiguishabU 
from  others  from  Ohio  lliver  and  others  (types  of  if,  osmcrinui  Cope) 
from  New  Jersey.    Professor  Cope  found  it  abundant  in  Catawba  Biver^ 

Genus  ALBURNOPS  Girard, 

14.   ALBURNOPS  8AL.UDANUS,  «J>.  n<»r. 
»*  VATlety  from  the  Catawba,"  Cora  Clb70),  Pnie,  Am.  ruiloa.  8oo*  At 
A  Species  belonging  to  ^^B^bopBvf,  Group  A",  of  Cope,  which  is  equl 


to  tlie  sabgeneric  section  of  Alburnopa  or  ^^  Uyhopisis'"^  called 
iiiu  by  Girard. 

BchIv  liloogutet  but  compiirod  with  its  immediate  relatives,  huthonim^ 
«a«ntt,  auid  MtoreruinuM,  nliort  and  thick  ;  moderately  compressed,  the 
4(pUi  4)  in  leogth :  caudal  |>eduucle  sliortened,  4J  iu  leugth  :  head  large, 
i  timeji  ia  loDi^th,  relaLively   heavy  and  gibboux  forward,   the  Kiiont 
noDded  in  profile,  asi  in  .1.  hudiioniwi.    Eye  large,  rather  wider  than 
Mm^rbit^l  stmce,  about  equal  to  suout,  3^  iu  betid. 
Voutb  moderate,  Hubiuferior,  the  maxillary  not  reaching  to  eye. 
£calea  1arg<\  ibiu,  and  loose,  5-39-3,  about  twelve  in  front  of  the  dor- 
ad  fto.     LiAt^ral  line  somewhat  decurved  iu  trout. 
Vitn  fuotlerately  developed.    Dorsal  beginning  iu  advance  of  veutrals, 
9;  its  finit  ray  nearer  snout  than  caudal.    Anal  I,  8,  rather  small. 
i\»  not  reaching  to  ventraU,  the  latter  not  to  vent. 

[ear  olivaceons,  nearly  whit«,  like  the  rest  of  the  group,  some 
ttliowing  a  faint  plumbeous  lateral  Hue. 
tKHh  1,  4-4,  1,  two  or  three  of  the  principal  row  obtuse,  not  hooked ; 
ly  voe  or  two  of  the  teeth  usually  showing  a  masticatory  face. 
BakiUtt, — Abundant  in  Saluda   Kiver,  where  it   reaches  a  lt?nyth  of 
II  fuur  inches.     Also  obtained  by  Professor  Cope  from  the  Catawba. 
Ibe  peculiar  characters  of  this  species  have  been  noticed  by  Pro- 
Copey  who,  however,  was  di8p08e<i  to  consider  it  a  variety  of 
<marir«.     It  differs  from  onr  specimens  of  what  we  consider  to  be 
Utter  KjiecieA  (from  Ocniulgee  Uiver)  in  the  smaller  eye,  tbe  thicker 
d,  shorter,  deeper  Ltody,  more  decurved  front,  and  sUorter  caudal 
pHlande.     In  amartut^  tbe  eye  ia  3  in  head,  tbe  head  4J  iu  leugth,  and 
Hecauibil  p>Hiuncle  3|. 

Wt;  have  been  diKp<*s*.^l  to  unite,  under  tbe  geueric  name  LujcUuSj  n 
kr^  uamber  of  species  forming  a  series  the  extremes  of  which  bear 
memblance  U>  each  other  or  to  the  means,  bat  which  form  n  chain- 
oabruken  that  it  is  diOicult  to  draw  any  generic  lines  among  Ihem. 
ithis  group  may  ultimately  l«3  broken  up  into  natural  genera  is  very 
bat   tbe  groups  thus  far  projwsed  have  not  received  very 
deflnilion. 
species  agree  (a)  in  the  absence  of  any  special  modification, 
-     -■  --^-lr^,  Ana,  or  alimentary  canal;  (A)  in  the  dentition,  the 
I  "tiw  or  two  rows,  always /oar  in   the  principal  row  of 
raptorial  type,  and  some  or  all  of  them  provided  with  a  grinding: 
n  iif  and  in  isome  Hpecies  always,  one  edge  of  tbe  masticatory 

N.  M.  No.  12— 2 


IS       C0NTBIDUTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHVOLOGY — lit. 


sarrace  is  more  or  less  creuatc,  especially  id  young  individuixlH;  [c)\ 
air.ll  fin  ia  always  short,  containing  from   seven  to  niuemys;  (rf)j 
dorsal  fin  is  never  inserted  very  far  behind  the  ventrals;  {c)  the  lat 
line  is  developed  and  continuons. 

The  species  differ  much  among  themselves  in  size,  naptial  dress, 
general  appearance,  notably  in  the  squamationf  the  scales  of  the  ty] 
species  of  Lnxilus  being  closely  imbricated  and  much  highi-r  ihiiu  l( 
while  in  the  group  called  Hud^onnta  the  two  dimensions  of  the  scale* 
nearly  eqnal.    The  scales  themselves,  in  ffudsonivsj  are  thin  and  1o( 
imbricated.    Within  certain  limits,  the  position  of  the  dorsal  varies 
In  Rufhonitvij  its  first  ray  is  in  advance  of  the  insertion  of  the  venli 
in //WX(7«5  and  ^*i;fr«rMo;j«,  usually  direotly  opposite;  in  Photogeuis  &n\ 
HydrojMox^  distinctly  posterior.    The  form  of  the  month  varies  largel 
'm  L.coccQgeniJSy  it  is  wide  and  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  projecting, 
the  typical  species  of  Alburnopn  and  Rudsonius^  the  mouth  is  small 
more  or  less  inferior. 

The  species  may  be  provisionally  grou[>e<l  as  follows,  nnder  five 
four  of  which  may  be  considered  as  distinct  genera.    Those  sj 
whose  iwsition   is  doubtful  are  indicated  by  a  mark  of  interrogatioi 
A. — LuxiLUS  Eafineaque,     (Scales  very  closely  imbricated,  much  di 
er  than  long:  teeth2,4-4, 2,  entire:  dorsal  fin  inserted  directly 
poeite   ventrals :   month    terminal :   si^e    large :     nuptial 
peculiar;  tyi>e  Vyprinutt  comutMs  yi\x,) 

cornutwt  Mit.  coecogenvt  Cope. 

selene  J  or.  - 

B. — PnoTOGENis  Cope,    (Scales  pretty  closely  imbricated,  deei)er 

long:  teeth  1,  4—4,  l,more  or  less  crenate  (rarely  one-rowed 
dorsal  fin  behind  ventrals,  always  with  a  black  spot  on  the 
rays  behind  :  males  in  spring  tubercnlate,  the  lower  fins 
tips  of  the  vertical  fins  filled  with  satin-white  pigment  in  spi 
mouth  terminal,  the  npper  jaw  longest:  size  medium;  ty| 
spilfipieruH  Cope  =  Cgprinella  anahstana). 
anahstanus  Girard.  nivetis  Oope. 

ffaUtctttrus  Cope.  irU  Cope  (t). 

teuci^pm  J.  &  B, 
13. — Hyduophlox  Jordan.      (Scales  loss  closely  imbricated,  sonSi 
deeper  than   long;  twth  nsnully  2,  4—1,  2,  often  more  or 
crcuate :  dorsal  fin  distinctly  behind  ventrals,  UD6tK>tted  :  bi 
ing-drcss  pecnliar,  thoma'es  almost  always  red  :  mouth  termi 


rUUKS     OF    THE    8ANTEE    BASIN.  19 

bbqap,  ibe  npper  jaw  oenally  slightly  the  longer:   size  vei 
■aD;  tjpft  Hyikipfiir  rubricroceun  Cope.) 

rtmm  Joctlun .  chrowmwt  Jor. 

nArwfvermv  Cope.  sanoc^kaluft  Jor, 

Mfiwiic  J.  &  B.  plumbeolus  Gope. 

flUllMH  Copew  bititt<iiu8  Cope. 

dfl^ivMf  Cope.  Utcerto»u8  Cope. 

:50p«   Girard.       (Scales  rather   loosely  imbricated:    teeth 
4-i,  or  1,  4-4,  1:  dorsal  fin  iaserU'd  over  voiitrals,  anspotttMl 
mxe^  alike:  moutU  more  or  less  iiil'erior,  horizontal  or  oblique:- 
•M  tmall ;  type  Albumopa  hlenniva  Grd.) 
■teraftowiu  Raf.  timpanogensts  Cope. 

voUfiMnt  Cope.  cJihrocephaUtu  Cope. 

tftttnmeuluM  Cope.  fntensts  Cope. 

pnau  Cope*  mm&i7u#  Forbes. 

«frmtMia  Cope.  ^/cnnitf^  Grd. 

Cope  (t).  shumardi  Grd. 

Cope.  Ulecebrosua  Grd. 

MTylia  Copp. 

[nK«:«iU8  Qirard,  (Scales  thin  and  loosely  imbricated:  teeth  1, 
4-4,  1  or  2,  the  grinding  surface  often  distorted:  dorsal  inserted 
in  advance  of  ventrals:  colors  silvery :  sexes  alike:  mouth  iu- 
fertor :  body  eloogatCi  the  head  comparatively  short :  size 
Aediom ;  type  Clupea  hudaonia  Clinton.) 

Mlmdanu9  J.  &  B.  amarus  Girard. 

hmd^niiu  OUutou.  BtorertanttM  Kirtland. 

hsve  anbAtUut^^d  the  name  Albumops  Grd.  for  the  earlier  name 
«a  we  tbiok  that  the  latter  genus  was  founded  on  a  specie^  ot 

lis.  Albcrnops  cHLORorEPHALrs  ( Cope)  J»  <£  B. 

dU«f<MfpAaia«  CoTE  (lf?70),  Proc.  Am.  Phtlos.  800.  461. 

bcMOtifol  little  fish  is  abnndant  in  the  clear  rapid  waters  of  the 

It  reaefliblcfl  //.  rubricroccuA^  but  is  smaller  and  stouter- bodied, 

ler  Boatb.    The  scales  in  frout  of  the  dorsal  are  fewer  (about 

p/  m  Qtuaber.    The  teeth  are  1,  4-4, 1  (2,  4-4,  2,  iu  rubricroeeua).    The 

lent  ore  profusely  tuberculate  on  the  snout  and  aute-dorsal 

Cope  found  this  species  abundant  in  the  clear  waU'rs 

trilmtaries  of  the  Catawba. 


20       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHVOLOQY III. 


Genus  PHOTOGENIS  Cope, 
16.  Photooknis  nivbits  (Cope)  J,  d;  B. 

*Sjfbopnii  n'wmti  COPR  (1870),  Proc.  Am.  Pbilos.  Soc.  461. 

A  very  pale  species,  related  to  Photogenh  analoatanus  and  P,  galaclm 
ratber  than  to  tbo  species  of  ^^ IIifbopsut^\  to  which  genas  rrofessor  Co] 
referred  it.    My  specimens  are  all  very  white,  with  a  narrow  blaii 
flripe  aloug  the  caudal  peduucle,  which  sometimes  forms  a  faint  s{ 
at  base  of  caudal.    In  male  specimens,  the  snout  and  ante-dorsal  regii 
are  covered  with  small  tubercles.     In  males,  the  dorsal  fin  is  consideral 
elevated.     In  color,  the  dorsal  fin  is  largely  dusky  on  the  last  rnys,  t1 
most  of  the  fin  somewhat  creamy-tinted.    The  tip  of  the  dorsal  fin 
the  ti|)s  of  the  caudal  are  tilled  with  milk-white  pigment,  as  in 
related  species.    The  anal  fin  is  entirely  milky.    The  teeth  are  1,  4-4| 
provided  with  a  narrow  masticatorv  surface. 

Photogeitia  nireuH  is  abundant  in  the  Haluda  River.     It  was  first  di 
covered  by  Professor  Cope  in  the  Catawba  Kiver. 

17.  PnoTOGKNis  ANALOSTANUS  {Oirard)  Jordan. 

We  did  not  find  this  species  iu  the  Saluda,  although  Professor  V'i 
states  that  it  is  abundant  in  the  Catawba.    It  is  perhaps  possible  tbi 
Professor  Cope  mistook  our  Codoma  chloristia^  a  si>ecies  which 
bles  it  very  much,  except  iu  dentition,  for  the  true  analotttnnvK.    Tl 
*■' Cyprinella  analoHtana^^  has  been  a  stumbling-block  in  the  clas.silJcati< 
of  these  fishes,  as  to  the  masticatory  surface  of  Lttxiius  it  adds  the 
nations  of  Cyprinella,     We  are  iuclined  to  think  that  Cyprinctla  sbui 
be  restricted  to  those  species  whose  teeth  are  without  grinding  surfai 
and  are  permanently  creuate.     The  relations  of  Luxilua  analoHtttHi 
ni/ilopteruJtygalacturunyUucopuis,  and  niretur  are  much  more  intimately  wil 
the  species  of  Codoma  than  with  Lvxilus,  but  the  development  of  griui 
ing  surfacreson  the  teeth  renders  it  necessary  to  refer  them  to  the  latl 
genns,  unless  PhotognHu  be  admitted  as  a  distinct  genus. 

Genns  CODOMA  Girard. 

(Subgenus  UUOG \h\  Jordun.) 

Photogenia  .Tokpan  (1cT7).  Aun.  Lye.  Nat.  UisU  N.  Y.  ftU5.    (Not  of  Cope,  wboM  I3 
P.  $2*tfoptfrHn,  proves  to  be  a  flpeciea  closely  ro1at«d  to  L.  anaJottanM*,  if 
tdoutical  witb  it.) 
Esnmination  of  a  large  number  of  R|»ecimeu8  supposed  to  be  Pkoi 

^piloptct-us,  from  Saint  Joseph*8  Kiver,  in  Iforthern  Indiana,  pTufe» 


FISHES   OF   THE    8ANTEE    BASIN, 


21 


,G^(»%origiaftl  looBlity,  baa  couviacotl  ai$  tbat  the  HpUopteruSf  the  type  of 
gKOM  Pk9tcifeni9,  does  uot  bcloug  tu  the  ^i^up  of  colored  species  for 
ProfMAOr  Jordan  lately  adopted  tbe  latter  name.  The  geuns  Pho- 
(Jordan)  l>eing  thns  left  without  a  namCf  that  of  Erogala  has  bcea 
(%/'»  apriDg'tinie;  ydkay  milk,  in  allusion  to  the  milk-white  pig- 
aal  with  wbicb  tbe  male  fishes  are  oniaueoted  in  the  nuptial  season)* 
tWiMMa  Grtl.  difte-TK  from  Erotjala  in  the  form  of  the  head,  which  is 
te.  blutU,  aud  rouudfd,  as  in  Pimcpkales,  We  do  uot  now  think  that 
#|vo  are  distinct  as  genera,  and  prefer  to  consider  Erogala  as  a  sub- 
IMiof  Codoma, 

TV  lypo  of  Krogala  is  PhniogtniK  stigmaturuH  Jordan.     This  subgenus 
rkable  for  its  geographical  diHlribuCiou.     All  of  tbe  s[)ecies  thus 
kaowu   belong  to  the  Southern  States,  and  each  of  the  Southora 
bw  probHbly  has  from  two  to  four  species  of  the  genus;  not  n 
Ro   far  aa  known,  being  common  to  two  different  river- 


diatribation  of  tbe  species  of  Erogala  is  as  follows: — 
SaDt««  Basin  :  pyrrhomeUm  Cope. 
ohiorUtia  J.  &  H. 
SftVftnuab  Basin  :  none  known. 
Altamaba  Basin :  xwnura  Jor. 

oallUiema  Jor. 
Chattahoochee  Basin :  euryntoina  Jor. 
Flint  Uiver:  furmorn  Putu, 
Alabama  Basin :  callutia  Jor. 

triohroistia  J.  &  G. 
carulea  Jor. 
ntigmatura  Jor. 

hrtbcr  w««t  Uieir  place  is  taken  by  the  stK«(!ies  of  Cyprinella  haviug 
iniMl  teetb,  and  farther  north  by  the  B|>ccies  of  Xuxt7u#,  section  Pho' 
having  teeUi  with  developed  grinding  surfaces. 
eftpecicsof  O/rfomrt  are  remarkable  for  their  exquisite  coloration, 
of  them  being  ndonie<]  with  bright  red  in  addition  to  the  milky 
PtmtnL,    Tbe  black  doraal  spot  is  present  in  nil  the  species. 

]4.  CODOAtA.  CULOBISTXA,  Up.  nOV, 

Ij  «bort   aod    deep,  strongly   compressed,   the   form    elliptical, 

iac;  that  of  V,pyrrhomHas^  but  rather  deei>er,  tbe  depth  of  adults 

to  iin  length.    Head  rather  small  and  pointed,  4^  in  length. 


22      CONTIUBUTIONB  TO  NOHTU  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOr — IIL 


Kye  moderate,  less  tbau  suout,  4  iu  head.    Mouth  rather  small,  qoil 
oblique,  the  maxilliiry  not  attaining  the  line  of  the  orbit,  the  upper  jai 
prujfcting  beyond  the  lower,  especiiiUy  iu  spriDj;^  males.    The  head 
mouth  couHtdernbly  reDomble  those  partes  in  P.  iinatotttanu9, 

Scidca  much  d(.*eper  than  long,  very  closely  and  smoolhly  imbrioatt 
n»ore  or  leHB  dark-edged  al>ove.     5-37-3.    Lateral  line  decnrved. 

Fiua  moderately  deveIo|>ed  :  dorsal  distinctly  behind  veutraU,  it«fli 
ray  about  midway  betweeu  uostrila  aud  the  base  of  the  caudal.  Dors 
1,8.    Anal  1,  8. 

Nuptial  tubercles  in  the  male  greatly  developed,  covering  ratht 
sparsely  the  top  of  the  head  aud  the  region  anterior  to  the  dorsal, 
addition,  simiUir  tubercles  cover  the  caudal  pe<luucle  and  the  whole  sic 
of  the  body,  except  the  space  below  the  lateral  line  and  in  trout  of 
vuutnils.    The  tubercles  on  the  body  are  considerably  smaller  tl 
those  on  the  head,  aud  smaller  thau  iu  xanura  or  pyrrkomclait,  but  tbi 
cover  a  much  larger  area  than  in  any  of  the  latter  species  of  the  geui 
Chin  tuberculat4\ 

Teeth  1,  4-4, 1,  eutire,  without  masticatory  surface. 

Coloration,  in  life:  General  color  a  dark  steel  blue,  a  very  dist1u< 
blue  stri]»e  along  each  side  of  ttie  caudal  peduucle,  as  in  C.  vwrutea^  bi 
fainter:  sides  of  body  with  tiue  steely-purple  lustre:  back  clear  green] 
head  clear  brownish  :  iris  white:  cheeks  of  a  pale  violet  color:  low^ 
part  of  sides  becoming  rather  abrui)tly  milky-white:  dorsal  fin  wil 
the  usual  large  black  spot  on  the  last  rays  well  developed,  and  tl 
usual  milk-white  pigment  iu  the  tips :  lower  part  of  the  dorsal  ^u  wil 
pigment  of  a  Hue  clear  greeu  color,  somewhat  as  in  nnalostanuM,  bi 
unusually  bright:  caudal  flu  chictly  dusky,  its  tips  milky  aud  the 
somewhat  so;  the  middle  of  the  tin  has  a  slight  retldisb  tinge:  aw 
Uu  eutiri^ly  milky,  a  faint  tlusky  spot  on  its  last  rays,  resembliog  tl 
on  the  dorsal :  ventral  tins  milky. 

Female  and  youug  specimeaa  aro  more  sleoder,  and  the  bright 
arc*  usually  wanting  or  ottsoared. 

Size  small ;  length  of  largest  speoioieos  lass  thau  three  iuchea. 

In  form,  this  ajieoies  rrseiublea  C,  jvyrrAo«f<ai»  but  Ibe  short 
[•igbt  rays  instead  of  ten)  wdl  alwa^-s  distiugniidi  (be  spede«.     The 
of  the  male  is  different,  being  mncb  less  brilliant,  althonjfb 
more  detioate.     C.  MlurufM  rcsttttbles  io  ookir  C.  ^^rrmUa 
but  Uie  latter  ft|>ecie»  has  a  saacU  more  sletHlor  form. 

HmkUaL — AbttULUnt  in  the  clear  vaters  of  Salntta  Birer,  with  C' 


FI8UK8    OF   THE    BAMTKE    BASIN.  23 

'hcmeloMf  PhotogcnU  nircM,  AlOurnopn  chloroccphalMf  and  other  baud- 

19.  CODOMA  PYKRHOMELAS  [Cope)  Jor. 

lu  fgrrkomela*  COPK  (1870),  Proc.  Am.  Pblloa.  Soo.  PUUa.  463. 
This  S|N!!cieR,  the  most  ornnte  of  the  genus,  and  one  of  thi^  most  brfl* 
of  Cyprinidcc,  is  extremely  ubundaiit  in  the  clear  rapid  waters  of 
khida  and  its  tributHrien.  The  geuenil  color  of  the  malea  is  dark 
«t«el*blae  above,  with  the  svales  darker-edged,  the  belly  abruptly  milky- 
irbtt«.  The  hwul  is  pale  reddish ;  the  snout,  the  tip  of  lower  jaw,  uud 
Um!  iris  above  and  beluw  are  scarlet;  the  dorsal  tin  is  dusky  at  base, 
lUA  a  large  black  spot  on  the  last  rays,  is  red  in  lix)ut,  and  broadly  uiilk- 
wbit«  lit  Up.  The  tips  of  the  caudal  iiu  are  milk-white;  next  to  this 
oottiea  a  dasky  crescent ;  a  wide  bright  scarlet  crescent  lie^  itislde  of  the 
black  and  extends  into  the  twu  lobes  of  the  lln.  The  base  of  the  tin  is 
lie. 

The  top  of  the  bead  and  the  region  in  front  of  the  dorsal  are  covered 
Ith  nmoll  pale  tubercles.  The  sides  of  the  caudal  peduncle  are  pro- 
led  with  rather  larger  tubercles,  arrauged  in  rows  along  the  series  of 
ilea. 

Tbitt  U  the  most  abundant  6sh  in  the  waters  of  Catawba  River,  accord- 
ing to  Profesaor  Cope. 


Genua  NOTROPIS  Rafimsque, 

{MwnUuM  KafioeBqae;  Alb»neUit*  Oirard.) 
20.  NoTKOPis  PHOTOaENis  (Cope)  Jordan. 

Cope  (I«64),  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  a?0. 
Corx  (11^).  Xraoii.  Am.  Phil.  bi>c.  U7U,  and  elsewhere. 

J  Specimens  differ  cousiderabl}*  from  the  typical  forms  of  this  spe- 

bnl  corresiiond  U»  Professor  Cope's  *'  var.  a  a  a  a  a^^  from  the  Ca- 

iwbik.     It  is  the  most  abundant  species  in  (he  Satnda  waters,  especially 

in  more  sluggish  tributaries.    Two  forms,  perhaps  varieties,  i)erhapa 

fHTPnt  sexes,  occur,  the  one  pale,  with  deep,  compressed  body;  tbe 

tr  darker,  with  the  scales  dark-edged  and  the  body  much  more  elon- 

[4S,     11   IS  difTleult  to  distinguish  the  latter  form  from  y.  tclescopus 

i).    The  pale  form  has  the  head  above  and  nnder  jaw  ooverwl  with 

■mall  i>olDted  tubercles. 


24       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTn  AMKRICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — Ut. 

Genus  GILA  Baird  i^  Girard. 

(Subgenus  CUNOSTOMUS  Girard.) 

21.  Gila  vakdoisula  {Cuv.  dj  VaL)  Jor, 

Lenrt^Ha  venuioitnlua  C.  &.  V.  (1814),  Hint.  Nat.  PoiaK.  xvii,  317. 
Ctinoatomtta  a^niff  GiiURD  (1R56\  Proc.  Ac.  \at.  8c.  212. 

Tbis  Bpecitis  ia  comnioii  \n  the  Salnda  watei's,  as  in  the  Cataiwbiij 
YudkiD,  atid  other  Southoru  streaoiH.    It  seems  to  prefer  Btill,  or  ev«i 
mudtly  waters,  as  wo  found  it  luore  abundaut  iu  the  Reedy  Hiver  thai 
iu  eitiicr  8aluda  or  Euuoree.    Our  Hpecimeus  were  greenish  or  bluisl 
in  color,  the  back  mottled  with  scales  of  a  difl'eront  hue,  aa  usual  iu  thi 
geuuH.     In  the  males,  the  region  behind  the  head  and  above  the 
ronils  and  extending  backward  to  the  anal  are  of  a  bright  niay-rwlj 
brightest  just  behind  the  head.    There  is  no  distinct  dark  lateral  liam 
None  of  our  specimens  were  noticed  to  be  tnberculate.    The  ohara<;tei 
tlistinguisbing  tbis  species  from  the  more  northerly  Oila  {ClinoHUHnits] 
funthdoidcH  have  been  well  given  by  Professor  Cope  (Joura.  Aa  Ni 
Sci.  Phila.  18C8,  228). 

Genus  NOTEMIGONUS  Bafifiesqiie. 

22.  KoTE^^naoNUS  americ anus  (/^I'/in.)  Jordan. 

Notvmiffonu*  itchaniu  Johdan  ( 1877),  Ann.  Ljrc  Nut.  Hist.  p.  364. 

This  is  the  true  VyprinuH  americanus  of  Linnmus,  as  has  been  elf 
where  shown.    We  obtained  but  a  single  specimen  in  the  Keedy  Biverj 
Professor  Cope  found  it  abundant  in  the  slnggisb  waters  of  the  Calawl 
The  long  anal,  more  compressed  body,  larger  eye,  and  pecnliur  breediuj 
colors  distinguish  this  species   from   the  Xortbei'u    and   Westeru   JtTj 
chryttoleucM, 

Gouus  CERiVTICHTHYS  Baird. 

ii3.  CEUATICHTnYS  ZANEHITS,  «p.  flOU. 

A  smalt,  pecnliar  species,  iillied  to  C.  lobromm  (Cope),  bat  apparently 
differing  in  the  longer  barbel,  smaller  scales,  and  in  the  colomlion. 

Body  long  and  slender,  not  much  compressed,  the  depth  about  4^  (5j 
in  young)  iu  lengt-li.     Head   rather  long,  narrow,  and  pointed,  'i|  ti 
length,  very  slender  in  young  specimens  stouter  in  adults:  snout  dt 
carved  in  profile,  with  an  angle  in  front  uf  tbe  nostrils.    Bye  raodoral 


F1SHE6   OF   THE    8ANTEE    BASIN. 


25 


shorter  Ihao  tbe  loug  muuUe,  placed  Dcarlj  midway  in  bead, 
It  :^  in  he^iiL 
Moatb  ratber  largo,  iaferior,  tbe  lipa  much  thickened,  3uckor-]iko; 
jaw  extremely  protractile  j  the  lower  with  ft  couspieuous  iuterual 
logo  of  paptUie. 

Itarbeltf  extremoly  long,  probably  longer  than  in  uny  other  of  our 
[n>niioidft;  thoir  length  J  to  j  the  diumeter  of  the  eye. 
aca]««  mi^lcrute,  pretty  closely  imbricated,  5— tO-3;  15  or  IC  in  front 
doraail.     Lateral  lino  coutinuoaH,  Hlightly  deflected  forward, 
noa  rather  small,  high,  and  short,    Dorsid  1,  8,  originating  slightly 
d  tho  l>a8<^_of  the  ventrals,  as  in  C.  fubtosn:i  mid  C.  monavkus.    Anal 
7.    Caudal  deeply  forked,  its  peduncle  long  and  slender. 
Colonitiou,  iu  spirits,  quite  pale;  a  smalt,  round,  black  spot  at  base 
«f caudal:  dorsal  scales  ilark-edged  :  some  dark  points  along  caudal 
|ldnnol<s  forming  a  dark  sticak:  muzzle  punctate.     Large  specimens 
vilh  a  birgc  dark  patch  ou  the  last  rays  of  dorsal,  as  in  C.  monachujt 
■d  the  A|M-cies  of  Codonta:  hatie  of  dorsal  llu  with  dark  points.    Checks 
ad  ofierclos  nil  very. 

Id  (be  spring,  the  male  fishes  are  profusely  tabercnlnte  on  tbo  head 
■diiedK,ancl  che  llusare  flushed  with  crimson.    Teeth  1,  4-4,  1,  hooUed, 
vllboai  maaURACory  surftice. 
Tbr  largest  specimens  taken  were  nearly  three  inches  long,  but  most 

teM  tbaa  two. 

This  species  is  abundant  in  Saluda  River.  It  appears  to  be  distinct 
C  labronin,  that  species  having  larger  scales  and  some  other  j>oiuls 
•f  tfiflrrvocsct.  C,  labrtntns^  moTMchmf  and  zanemwt  differ  from  their  con- 
p9mn  ID  tb^  backward  position  of  tbe  dorsal  aud  iu  tbe  greater  devel- 
ipaeot  of  the  lips, 

24.  Cekaticutuys  labrosus  Cope, 

i^rtftUM  CftPK  {1H70),  Proc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  458. 

Co|ie  (onud  this  8|>ecie8  not  nocommon  in  tbe  upper  waters 
tf  tite  Catawba.     We  did  not  And  it  in  the  Saluda  or  the  Euuorec. 


25-  CBUATicnTnYS  nypsiNOTUS  Cope, 

r^-^kUkf  hffsmim0tm»  CoPX  (1S70),  Prtio,  Am.  Philoa.  8oo.  45a 

Tbb  ciiecJeB  is  not  nncommou  in  tbo  Salnda.    Breeding  males  are 
fiW«  and  tbe  fins  are  (jnite  red.    The  head  is  more  or  less  rosy 

Md  :..-..,  ,iUte  al>o%'e.    Thisspecieshnsa  very  small  barbel,  aud  might 
luUy  be  takcu  for  a  Uifdrophlojc  of  tbo  rubricroccwi  tyi>e. 


26      CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICnTHVOLOGV IIL 

26.  Oebatiohthys  BiGUTTATua  (Kirt,)  Baird. 

The  couimou  Horned  Chub  is  rery  ubundant  in  all  the  tribataries  of 
the  SaliKlii. 

Genii8  SEMOTILUS  Ilafinesque. 

27,  SEMOTILUS  OOBrORALlS  (Jft7.)  Putn. 
This  commou  species  occurs  iu  the  tribataries  of  the  Saluda. 

CATOSTOMIDiE. 

Genus  MYXOSTOMA  Rqfincsque, 

{JUoxoatoma  and  IWetuJut  Rat ;  Ptjfehontomu*  Ag.) 

28.  MYXOSTOMA  CERVINUM  Cope, 

tliu  cerrinu$  CorK  (1H68),  Joarn.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Pbila.  S35. 
Ft]feho»tomu$  cvrrhiiw  Coi'E  (It^O),  Proo.  Am.  Philos.  Soo.  478. 

Tbis  little  Sucker  is  eocceedingly  abnodaot  iu  the  Saluda,  lieedy,  am 

Ennoree.    It  aboiuds  in  rapids  aud  rocky  slioals,  and  is  popularly  kuowaj 

as  "Jump-rocks^,  t'roru  itvshubitof  leaping  from  the  water.    It  is  uot  mucl 

valued,  except  by  negroen,  small  tmys,  and  naturalists.    The  black  oul 

margiu  of  the  dorsal  is  a  cbaracteristio  color-mark. 

29.  Myxostoha  PAPILLOSUM  {Cap€)Jor, 

l*ttfohMtomuM  paj>illo9U«  Cope  (1870),  Prou.  Am.  Philoa.  Soo.  470. 

A  few  specimcQS  of  this  peculiar  species  were  taken  in  Saluda  Kivefi 
Professor  Cope  found  it  abundant  in  the  Catawba  and  Tadkin  Rivera. 

30.  Myxostoma  vklatum  {Cope)  Jordan. 

Ptt/ohoatomua  coUapmtB  CoPK  (ltf70)|  Proo.  Am.  Pliiloa.  Soo.  471. 

Wo  obtaiued  uo  specimens  of  this  widely  diffused  species  in  any  of 
tbe  Southern  rivers.  Professor  Cope  found  it  in  the  Xense,  Vadkin, 
and  Catawba. 

31.   MVXOSTUMA  GOBEGOKHS  {Cope)  J.  (fi  B, 
Pl^cho9tomH*  coregofiu*  CoPK  (1870),  Proc.  Am.  PbiL  Soo.  47S. 

The  ^' Blue  Mullet^  was  found  very  iibuudiiut  iu  the  Catawba 
Yatlkiu  Uivors.     We  did  uot  take  it  iu  the  S:klnda4 


FISHES   OF   THE   SANTEE    BASIN,  27 

32,  Myxostoma  albcm  [Cope)  J,  db  B, 

•Ova  CopK  (18T0),  Proc.  Am.  Pbil.  Soc  4Ta. 

Tbc  species — the  **Wbilo  Mullet"— was  fouud  by  Protessor  Cope  iu 
tbe  Catawbii  River  only.  We  obtaiued  uo  epecimens  from  the  Saludn, 
thicU  in  perhaps  due  to  the  fact  that  our  coUectioDs  were  not  made 
tving  the  seaaoD  of  the  migrations. 

V  Genus  ERIMYZON  Jordan. 

(3f%nwtoma  Agaaeiz,  bat  not  of  RufO 
3^  EODiVZOX  SUOETTA  {Lac\)  Jordan, 

«M9«9M«  MiTConx. 

Tlii»  8(»eeie«  is  moderately  abunduut  iu  the  Saluda  Biver.    Professor 
foand  neither  thia  8[H*cieB,  nor  the  next,  hi  the  Catawba. 


Genus  MINYTREMA  Jordan, 

34.  MlMYTREMA  StELAWOPS  (M/^)  Jor, 

.yiKKftm'K,  KlhTLAKl),  etc. 
lRD. 
JottlfAJt. 

Tkin  widely  diffiisi^  species  is  abundant  iu  the  roillpotkds,  etc.,  of  the 
MtAsk  Uiver,  and  in  kuown  as  the  Striped  Sucker.  It  ih  coufiiderably 
Tilsnl  an  A  food-flsh.  Many  specimens  were  takeu  at  Baniiister^s  Mills, 
M  the  Bnouree,  the  proprietor  of  the  mill,  Mr.  Bannister,  having 
bidly  dmwB  off  the  water  from  his  pond,  in  order  to  enable  us  better 
liexattiine  itM  fishes.  Our  speciineus  seem  to  be  jirecisely  like  the  ordi- 
W7  wtelancpf  froni  the  Ohio  Kiver  aud  the  Great  Lakes. 

■  Genus  CATOSTOMUS  Le  Siieur, 

H^HHPHHHnoker  is  common  iu  the  Saluda^  as  in  nearly  every 
«ut  of  tb<i  Kocky  Mountains.    It  is  especially  abundant  iu  mill- 


JmiHnt$  pJat!/ctpknlu$  Cope  (lt?70),  Proc.  Am.  Philos.  Soo.  485.    (Not  Piwt^lodiia  plat^- 

cfpAfl/iwGrd.) 
Amiurtu  brunneua  Jordan  (ld70>,  Auu.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  3G6. 

This  is  the  common  cat-fish  of  the  Saluda^  and  is  known  aa  the  Mad 
Cat.  Adnit  specimens  reach  a  length  of  abont  18  inches,  and  bear  little 
resemblance  to  the  younjf»  from  which  the  species  was  first  described. 
The  adnlts  are  extremely  elongate,  nearly  terete  behind,  with  fiar,  ihin, 
broad  beads.  In  color,  they  are  of  a  more  or  less  clear  yellowish-green, 
more  distinctly  green  than  is  any  other  8[)ecies.  The  name  "  brunneM^* 
only  applies  well  to  the  young.  The  species  may  be  known  from  the 
related  A.  plattfcepiuilus  by  the  more  elongate  form,  the  shorter  anal  fin 
{lii  to  18  rays  instead  of  20),  and  by  the  month,  which  is  somewhat 
inferior,  the  lower  jaw  being  much  the  shorter,  while  in  A,  platycepiutlui 
the  jaws  are  equal.  The  color  is  also  different  in  the  two  species.  A, 
•pialycep}ialu»  is  yellowish,  dark  above,  and  more  or  less  marble<l  on  the 
sides  with  darker,  resembling,  in  that  respect,  A.  marmoratus.  In  A*' 
brunneugj  the  caudal  fin  is  asnally  nneqaal,  the  upper  lobe  being  thi 
longer,  and  the  radimentary  caudal  mys  are  unusually  numerous, 
specimen  nearly  a  fo<jt  long  hml  the  alimentary  canal  four  times  tbe^ 
length  of  the  body,  and  filled  with  Podoatemon  ceratophyllum.  The] 
stomach  contained  etght  adult  males  of  Codoma  pjfrrkomelafi. 

As  Profe.Hsor  Cope  couuted  17  anal  rays  iu  his  *-^ pluiycephalti$^^  it  is 
likely  that  he  had  this  species  instead  orCirard's,  which  has  pretty  i 
formly  20  or  lil  rays,     Both  AmiuriiH  brunnemf  and  plaiycephulun 
valued  as  food. 

37,  Amiubus  platycephaltts  {Oirard)  QUL 

PlMfloduv  platifcrphalui  Oituim  (laSD),  Proc  Ae.  Nat.  8cl.  Phila.  160. 

Many  specimens  of  this  species  were  taken  in  Bannister's  mill-pond, 
oa  the  Ennoree.  Tbe  fishennen  confound  it  with  the  preceding  under 
the  name  of  Mud  Cat,  but  the  Hi>ecie8  may  be  readily  distinguished  by 
the  characters  given  above. 

A  **Bluo  Cat^  is  said  to  occur  in  the  Saluda,  but  we  obtained 
specimens. 


FISBKS    OP   THE    SAVANNAH    BASIN'. 


29 


Genus  NOTURUS  Rafincsque, 
3j3.  XoTxmcs  wsiONis  {RichanUon)  QUI  &  Jor, 

Thw  Hpecie«  is  abaixlant  in  tbe  i*ock-pools  of  Ree<ly  River,     It  prob- 
i;  occurs  ia  all  tbe  Atlantic  streams  ns  far  riortb  us  Pennsylvania. 

ANOUILLID/E. 
Genua  AXGUILLA  TJmnhcrg, 

39.  Anouilla  vulgaris  Flewinff. 

Tbpcomraou  Gel  isabautlunt  in  all  tbe6tJ*eamB  of  tbe  Southern  States 
ttnihrezplor<Hl. 

LEriDOSTEIDJE. 
Genus  LEPIDOSTEUS  Lacepede. 

40.  LkPIDOSTEUS  OSSEUS  (A)  Aff, 

Thi»  ftsh  in  said  tooooorin  tbe  Salada,  but  we  obtained  no  specimens. 

II. — WATEBBASIM  OP  THE  BAVANNAU  EIVKB. 

fl|ieciea  are  ascertained  to  oocar  in  tbe  water-basin  of  tbe 

.     Of  these,  two  spe4:ies  are  recorded  from  specimens  in  tbe 

N»lion»l   Museum;   one  on  the  »uibi>rit>'  of  Professor 

M  ber»  from  our  collectionH  in  tbo  TugaUH>  Uiver  and  in  Toe- 

Creek.     Nooo  of  these  species  are  pecntiar  to  tbe  Savannah  Uasin. 

common  Cyprinida:  are  all  uf  Tennessee  Kiver  type^ ;  the  otliers  are 

wt  Kt>ecies  of  general  distribution,  or  else  are  shared  with  other 

lUiem  streams. 

In  jiplnini;  tbe  Tugaloo  Kiver,  two  rather  unexpected  features  were 

manifest:  flrst-^  the  very  small  hunil>erof  small  Bxhes,  both  Cypri- 

•1^  aod  Kthnnttovtaiiihr  inhabiting  the  river.    There  seem  to  be  very 

prvAeot,  and  these  few  are  represented  by  very  few  individ- 

Altboogb  the  tslands  below  tbe  mouth  of  Panther  Creek  fiToish 

rxretleut  Rriuing-^rotind,  yet  our  Oshing  was  a  seiies  of  *^  water- 

^    A  nttgle  drnw  of  the  seine  in  tbe  Saluda  or  tbe  Etowah  would 

p«kl  more  speciea  ami  more  individuals  than  were  secured  ia^ 

>lke  To^kio  ia  a  whole  day. 


30      C0NTRIBUTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AMERrCAN  TCnTnTOLOOY — ^HI. 

Tbe  second  peculiarity  of  the  Tagaloo  faana  is  that  its  cbanicteriatii 
flshps  are  all  of  tj'ppH  nliundant  in  tbe  Tentiesseti  River,  but  uot  knoi 
from  any  other  of  tbe  Atlantic  streaui».    Of  ibesH  may  be  meutiom 
Photogenix  galacturm^  LujciUts  coccogenis^  Uydrophiox  ntbricroceuJi^  an< 
Catoatomus  nigricana,    Tbe  close  proximity  of  tbe  Rources  of  the  Tugal< 
and  tbe  Little  Tennessee,  War  Woman  Crrek  and  Little  Tennessee  Uiv< 
rising  on  opposite  sides  of  Rabun  Gap,  nnd  of  the  Tallulah  and  thi 
Hiawassee,  may  perhaps  help  to  explain  this  anomaly  of  distribution, 


ETHKOSTOMATID^. 
Genus  HADROPTERUS  AgoJisu. 

1.  BaDBOPTBRUS  NIGROFASCIATUS  Ag. 

A  single  large  specimen  was  taken  in  Toccoa  Creek,  near  T< 
Falls. 

OENTRAROHIDJE. 

Genus  MTCROPTERUS  iMcipMe. 

2.   MiCROPTEBtTS  SALMOIDES  (iac.)  GilU 

(Var.  mIipi9k2m.) 
The  small-mouthed  Black  Bass  or  "Trout''  of  the  Sontbem  8tr< 
(J.  e.,  Savannah,  Altamaba,  Chattahoochee,  Alabama)  differs  so  con< 
slantly  from  Northern  representatives  of  tbe  same  species  that  the  tw< 
forms  may  be  taken  as  geographical  varieties  of  one  species,  and  it  ii 
probably  worth  while  to  distinguish  each  by  name.  The  Labrua  aalmM' 
desof  Lac<^*|>ode  was  collected  by  Bosc  near  Charleston,  S.  C.  It  wa( 
therefore  presumably  tbe  Southern  variety,  which  should  be  designatec 
as  var.  aalmoidcn.  The  oldest  name  known  to  apply  to  the  North* 
form  is  that  of  Jiodianua  achigan  Raf.  Tbe  Northern  form  may  Ihei 
fore  be  designated  as  MicropteruH  gnlmoUlea  var.  achigan,  whenever  it 
deemed  desinible  to  call  attention  to  lbe«o  variations. 

The  body  is  appreciably  longer  and  slenderer  in  van  aalmoidea  thai 
in  var.  achigan^  tbe  bend  being  about  3}  in  length  instead  of  about  2j 
The  anal  rays  in  attlmoidea  are   usually  10  instead  of  11;   the  donfiil 
formula  X,  I,  12,  instea<l  o\'  X,  I,  13.    The  scales  are  larger  in  sftlmoidea^ 
Ibere  being  about  70  in  tbe  lateral  line  instead  of  77.    The  coloration  ol 

\lmifidc9iB  anifonnly  unlike  that  of  acHigan.    Tbe  lower  part  of  the  aidet 


FISHES   OP   THE    HAVANNAH    BASIN. 


31 


by  pretty  regalar  lines  of  dark  olive-gn^eu  Hpota  along  the 

of  Acates.     The  lower  flus  are  usually  more  or  less  red,  aud  the 

yellow,  au<l  white  coloration  of  the  caudal  fin,  so  conspicuous  in 

roiti|;speciineus  of  the  Northern  form — in  the  Western  States,  at  least — 

uUQt  noticeable  in  the  Southern  variety. 

Thi»  ftptcies  is  abundant  iu  the  tributaries  of  the  Savannah,  where  it 

toown  as  the  "  Trout". 

Genus  XENOTIS  Jordan, 
3,  Xknotis  8ANG-CINOLENTU8  {Affossis)  Jordan. 

H'<77)^  Ann.  Lye  Xiit.  Hist.  318. 

AvJogie  «»pccimea  of  this  beautiful  fish  ia  iu  the  National  Museum 
Aagosta,  Oa.  It  i«  identical  with  my  specimens  from  the  Etowah, 
lUooed  in  tbo  paper  above  cited,  but  it  is  possibly  not  the  species 
vblcfa  Agaaaiz  gave  the  nume  of  mngmnolenins.  The  si>ecieH  of  (he 
XenotiM  are  extremely  dilKcult  either  to  define  or  to  recognize. 

cyprinodontidj:. 

Genus  ZYGONECTES  Agasm. 
4.  ZVOONKOTES  Nomi  Agasniz. 
k  "  ZygtnteeUt*  guttatus "  is  recorded  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  the 
mil  near  Angnsita.     Professor  Putnam  informs  me,  from  the  ex- 
of  tbe  typesi>ecimens,  that  the  species  is  identic;il  with  Z. 
Ag. 

SALMONID^.. 
Geniw  SALVELINUS  Eichardson, 

5,  tiALTELmUS  P0NTINALI8  (Mitch.)  Gill  d'  Jor. 
Tke  csomioon  Brook  Trout  is  very  abundant  iu  the  clear  tributaries  of 
tWChatnciB  »uid  Toxaway  Hi  vers,  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Riilge.    This 
«Ti!T3r  o<ar  the  fMjntbern  limit  of  the  species,  although  it  is  said  to  occur 
nriMD  tributaries  of  tbe  Upper  Chattahoochee,  farther  west. 

CYPRINID^. 

Genus  LCXILUS  Itajittesqiw. 

6,  Lt7liLUB  coccoGKKis  {Cope)  Jordan. 

Hiu  bviiatjfitl  8|>ecte«  is  commoo  in  the  Tugaloo.    The  numcrooB 

pwlwoiMi  were  all  pule,  and  showed  ouly  traces  of  the  distiuctive  red 

•rkioga. 


32       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY lU. 

Genus  PHOTOGENIS  Cope. 
7.  Pqotogbnis  galacturus  (Cope)  7. 4c  B. 

Uypnhpia  galaetunu  Cope  (1870),  Froc  Ac  Nat.  So.  ItiO 

The  moHt  abundant  fish  in  the  Tngaloo.  Our  specimens  wero  v( 
pale  nud  dull  colored,  but  they  are  not  otherwise  different  from  sp* 
meuH  of  P.  galactuma  from  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  Kivera. 

Genus  HYDROPHLOX  Jordan, 

8.  HYDROPHLOX  rudrigrockus  {Cope)  J.  <&  R 
Hybop^it  rubricroceuB  Copb  (l)^),  Juura.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  23L 

This  sarpasaingly  beautiful  little  dsh  abounds  in  the  rookpoolsof  tl 
smaller  tributaries  of  the  Tugaloo.    In  Toccoa  Creek,  it  is  very  abi 
dunt,  far  outnumboriug  all  other  species.     Wo  obtained  many  si 
mens  from  the  pool  at  the  foot  of  Toccoa  Falls. 

The  life-colorH  are  as  follows:  Dark  steel-btue;  a  dark  lateral  band 
coaly  punctuhitions,  which  is  usually  distinct  ou  the  anterior  half 
body,  and  passes  through  the  eye  around  the  snout.    All  the  fins  of  j 
rich  clear  red  ;  the  dorsal  rather  crimson,  the  caudal  piuk,  the  lower  fli 
full  bright  scarlet.    Ueud  ull  pale  &carlet-rcd,  the  lower  jaw  tlushcd, 
if  bloody,  a  lustrous  streak  along  the  sides,  below  which  is  a  ilistii 
silvery  lustre.     Eyes   silvery,   somewhat  flushed  with   red.     In   bi 
coloration,  the  entire  body  becomes  more  or  less  red.    This  red  pi| 
meut  becomes  more  evident  when  a  fish  is  first  placed  in  alcohol.    Fii 
ray  of  dorsal  dusky  on  anterior  edge. 

Top  of  bead  and  whole  ante-dorsal  region  in  males  dusted  with  tli 
white  tubercles. 

Female  specimens  are  pale  oliraceoos  or  silvery. 

Tet^tli  2,  4-4,  *J,  with  masticatory  surface,  the  edge  of  which  is  usual 
crenate. 

This  spe<;ies  and  the  preceding  were  hitherto  known  only  from  tl 
headwaters  of  the  Tennessee  Kiver. 


Genus  CEKATICHTUY8  naird. 
9.  Cbraticutuys  kubrifuons  Jordan, 

Xocomin  rnhrifren*  Juudan  (1^77),  Aon.  N.  Y.  Lycenui  Nat.  HUl.  33U. 

A  few  spts^imrhs  of  this  spi'cieH  w<'re  titkeii.  They  wen*  bii^'hter  i| 
color  than  the  original  types  from  the  Ocniulgee.  Thr  ntnzzlr  n:i«  \{ 
tbu  male^  bright  red,  and  the  Uus  somewhat  rosy. 


FISHES   OF  THE    tjAVANNAR    BASIN.  33 

TUi  flpeotM  tfi  related  to  O.  h^p»inotu9  (Cope),  bac  has  a  less  6levate<l 
reffioa  antl  lonser  barbels. 

10,  Geraxichthts  biodttatus  (Kirtland)  Qirard, 

Ibe  "  nomy  Head*^  is  abundant  in  all  tbo  small  streams  falling  into 
I^Kgaloo.  It  furnishes  macb  harmless  sport  for  the  amatear  anglers 
I  jearlj  visit  the  beantifal  Tallolah  region. 

CATOSTOMID^. 

Genoa  MYXOSTOMA  Eafinesque, 

11.  Mtxostoma  okrvinttm  (Cope)  J&r, 

little  **  Jamp  Kocks'^  occars  in  some  abandance  in  the  Tugaloo 
tribat»rie«. 

GenuB  CATOSTOMUS  Le  Sueur. 

(Hybmynm  AgiMtia.) 

12.  CATOSTOMTJS  NIOBIOANS  Le  8. 

^Bog-BQckcr  occurs  in  rapid  waters  of  the  Tugaloo  and  Toccoa. 
known  Ui  occur  in  any  other  of  the  Atlantic  streams  soath  ot 
Potomso. 

SILURID^. 

Genus  AMIURUS  liajinesque, 
la.  AlcnJRca  PLATYCEPHALUS  {Girurd)  Gill. 

IWotigioal  t^rpeaof  this  species  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution  were 
a  tribatao'  ^^  ^^^  Savannah  at  Anderson,  8.  O. 

Genus  ICHTU^ELURUS  Itajinesque, 

14.   ICHTILBLUBUS  PUNCTATT78  (Rnf.)  Jot. 

'^CbriUDel  Cat"  is  found  in  some  abundance  in  the  Tn 

AXGUILLID/E. 

Oeniw  ANGUILLA  Thunl>€rg. 

15.  AXOVnxA  vuLGAttl.s  Flcminff, 

ill  AD  iubabicant  of  tbe  iraters  of  the  Ttig^loo. 
BbO.  y.  M.  So.  12—1 


14     Vi97K3miQm  TO  sons  avrwri^  wcBnaaunn — m, 
zr^ — wxisMrMj^ss  or  ihb  ai  T*iff4W4 


Tviuirj-^TiK  ^^Acaeft  jze  la»vv  tf»  occsr  is  the  wster-bsam  of  ( 
Axaai-aaa,  oKiiBsne  ^  the  Shad '  JIms  MpidinHM),  vhloh  Moeodsi 
:iMt  iywth«nfc  rt«c^  aa:il  pcrrcAtctl  br  tbe  dans  Of  iheoe  tventy-thn 
Stvr  ant  koMrvm  onJj  firoa  the  Ounce  awl  Ooanlgee,  tic,  Koikomi 
imeripim*^  HydrrjfkUz  imiq/immu^  Cirfn-wa  emUitemm^  and  C^doma  aaatm 
The  <ch«n  ant  efai^T  speet«§  of  geo^ra!  distnbotko.  FlTespecJesm 
otoubad  bx  tb«  vTims  in  the  faeadvatets  «C  the  Ooonee  Biver,  t 
SKfthMuAu*  imteriptiu^  Jiieroptenu  miwurida^  HytrtfUax  imiipimm$f  Oen 
icktkg$  rmbri/rf/MA,  and  Cermtiehikft  MyvMa/aa.  The  other  specieB  nc 
tkmed  beloT  are  frocD  tbe  Ocmalcee. 

ETHEOSTOMATID^. 

Genus  HADROPTERUS  Agassis. 

Taken  at  tbe  Flat  Sboals  in  the  South  Fork  of  the  Ocmnlgee. 

Genus  BOLEOSOMA  DeKaff. 

2.  BoLEosoau  arAcuLATiCEPS  Cope. 

A  Rf>ecimen,  ap(>arently  of  tbut  species,  from  the  Ocmnlgee  Biver 
Macon,  Ga. 

Genus  NOTHONOTUS  Agassiz. 

3.  XOTHO'OTCS  IXSCKIPTl'S,  *p.  «W. 

I^ody  rather  Htout  and  deep,  pretty  strongly  compressed  behind,  li 
Ml  Hiit(*riorIy  :  dopth  4J  in  length  :  caadal  pednncle  rather  deep. 

iUmd  large,  4$  in  length,  rather  obtuse,  the  profile  quite  gibboi 
a  oonHJderable  angle  formed  opposite  the  eyes,  which  are  high  np  a 
rather  clotwi  together. 

Kyt:  jiImhU  equal  to  snout,  3J  iu  head.  Mooth  moderate,  slightly  < 
li*|iie,  th(i  maxillary  reaching  eye,  the  upper  jaw  the  longer,  Che< 
unci  oiHTcIes  entirely  scaleless,  as  iu  A'',  thalatfsinns.  Region  in  front 
dorsal  Kcaly :  !>reast  naked.  Belly  covered  with  ordinary  scales.  Sea 
'  '  rge,  closely  imbricated,  the  lateral  line  continuous  and  nea 

Scales  5-4G-5. 
II  developed.    The  spinous  dorsal  larger  than  the  soft  don 


FISHES   OF  THE    ALTAMAHA    BASIN. 


35 


rkiefc  to  somewhat  larger  tbau  the  aaal ;  tbe  two  dorsal  6ns  connected 
by  Moibnine.    DorAJil  XI-1, 11.    Anal  II,  8. 
Oofful  R|nnAB  a  iMa  more  tban  balf  tbe  lengtb  of  bead.    Pectorals 

TeotrmU  well  dii<veloped. 
Wor,  in  Bpirits:  Olive,  witb  an  orange  spot  on  on  eacb  scale,  tbese 
If  Mititiiiuoas  lincH  along  tbe  rowR  of  scales.    Tliese  lines  are  quite 
in,  an  in  Xenhma  catcnatum.    Tbrce  dark  blotcbes  across  tbe 
:;  noe  in  front  ot  dorsal,  furmlDg  a  black  spot  on  tbe  anterior  dor- 
pidCA;  one  between   tbo  two  dorsal  fins,  forming  a  similar  black 
fMoD  the  last  pikrt  of  tbe  spinons  dorsal ;  and  one  on  tbe  candal  pednn- 
Wtaind  tb©  second  dorsal. 

Wai  wlcb   about  six  irregalar  dark  olive  blotcbes  just  below  the 
line.     Second  dorsal,  caudal,  and  pectoral  extensively  dnsky- 
Anal  unirolor.     Uead  dusky  above,  a  dark  line  downward,  and 
^ferward  from  eye. 
jAfiBoule  apecimen  tukea  lacked  the  lines  of  orange  spots,  and  it  was 
distinrily  blotched  on  tbe  sides.     In  life,  tbe  male  specimen  had 
ratire  aujil  On.  tbe  cheeks,  opercles,  and  a  bar  below  the  eye  bright 
The  extreme  edge  of  tbe  spinous  dorsal  was  blackish ;  below  this 
It  oraoge  red,  and  a  dusky  bar  at  the  base.    The  colore<l  lines  of 
were  femiginoos,  or  ecarlet-red,  rather  than  orange. 
Uo^  2j  inches. 
Notpecimena  only  were  taken,  in  the  upper  waters  of  tbe  Oconee 

r,  ftl  Sulphur  Springs,  in  Hall  County,  Georgia. 
jftiftUoaeof  tljo  ino«t  beautiful  of  this  interesting  genus.    In  tbe 
beftdf  It  rwembles  iV.  thnUiHsimtttj  and  differs  from  the  others 
fc**ii.    Tb«  entirely  dissimilar  coloration  separates  it  at  once  from  JV. 


CENTRARCniD^. 
Geniis  MICROPTERUS  Lacephde, 

4.  MiGBOPTBBUB  BALMOtDES  (£««0    WW. 

Var.  galmoides. 
AWsdant  in  tbe  Oconee  and  Ocmnlgee. 

GenuH  CH^NOBRYTTUS  Gill 

5.  CniKNOUBYTTCa  TIBIDIS  (0.  i£"  V*)  Jof^^u, 

tW»'Wir-fii<m(h  Poroti^  la  abundant  iu  the 


36       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHTOLOOT— UL 

Genus  LEPIOPOMUS  Rafinesque. 
6.  LEPioPosnis  AURiTUS  (£.)  Baf. 
CommoD  in  the  Ocmalgee  Biver. 

Genus  CEXTRARCHUS  Cuvier  d  Falencimnes, 

7.  Centbabchus  macboptebus  {Lacep^e)  Jordan. 

Several  Bpecimens  of  the  large-flnued  Cehtrarckus  are  in  the  Unit 
States  National  Mnseam,  from  the  Ocmnlgee  Biver,  near  Maoon,  € 
The  characters  distingnishing  this  species  from  (7.  irideus  are  given 
Bulletin  No.  10  of  the  National  Museum,  p.  31. 

ESOCID^. 

Genus  ESOX  lAnncRus. 
8.  Esox  BBTiouLATUS  Le  Sueur, 
Found  in  the  Ocmulgee  Biver. 

CYPRINID^. 

Genus  ALBURNOPS  Girard. 
(Snbgenna  HUDSONIUS  Grd.) 

9,  ALBUBNOPS  AMABUS  [Ord.)  Jordan. 

JTybopnin  hudMoniutt  var.  amarut  Jordan  (1877),  Ann.  Lye.  Nnt.  Hist.  N.  Y.  363. 

Very  abundant  in  the  South  Fork  of  the  Ocmulgee.  This  is  possi 
not  Girard's  amarnSj  but  at  present  I  think  that  it  is.  Leueisctu  S] 
HnguluH  O.  &  V.  seems  to  be  ^.  hudsonius. 

Genus  HYDROPHLOX  Jordan, 

10.  Htdrophlox  lutipinnis,  sp.  not). 

A  brilliantly  colored  little  fish  allied  to  R.  rvJ)ricroceus. 
Body  atout  and  rather  strongly  compressed,  the  depth  4^  in  lenj 
the  dorsal  region  somewhat  elevated,  the  outline  of  the  back  8lo( 
"Tom  the  base  of  the  dorsal  fin. 
rt  and  rather  deep,  4  to  4J  in  length,  broad  and  fUkt 


F18HE6   OF    THE    AI.TAHAHA    BASIN. 


37 


lb«  mazzle  inotlerately  rounded.     Eye  rather  large,  nearly  as 
w  the  luuzxte,  3j|  to  3^  iu  head. 

mth  large,  qaite  oblique^  the  maxillary  reaching  to  orbit,  the  man- 
included. 

ilea  medium,  (MO-3,  rather  closely  imbricated,  about  21  iu  frout 
ledorAal.     Uor&al  uearer  caudal  tbuu  muzzle,  distinctly  l»ehiud  the 
\)9.    Doraal  1,8.    Anal  1,8.    PeotoraU  not  I'eaching  nearly  to  vea- 
the  latt«r  not  to  vetit. 

lor,  in  spirits:  Clear  olive;  a  dark,  burnished,  plumbeous  lateral 
si,  wbicb  extends  through  the  eye  and  up  the  caudal  fin  :  whole 
Ij bright  crimson:  tins  yellow, 
tors, in  life:   Clear  olive  above,  vitb  very  intense  green  dorsal 
vertebral  lines;  an  intense  metallic  blackish  band  along  sides; 
>w  thi«  the  siiles  bright  silvery,  in  the  males  bright,  clear  red,  the 
of  red  berries;  the  whole  body  more  or  less  flushed  with  rod,  the 
e8i>ecially  bright :  Ins  crimson. 
iD6  all    bright  golden -yel low :    silvery   space  below  eye  strongly 
rW :  tip  of  lower  jaw  black, 
^tb  3,  4-4,  *Jy  with  masticatory  surface  develoi>ed. 
mgth  2^  to  3  inches. 

lift  Kpecie^  is  extremely  abundant  in  tbe  headwaters  of  the  Oconee, 

[elMr  rapid  streams.    It  is  one  of  tbe  most  brilliant  of  the  genus. 

BifHrophtoiT  lutipinniH  is  deei>erbodied  than  H,  nibricroc€it9.    It  has 

>i  smaller  mouth  and  different  coloratiou,  especially  of  ihe  fins.    From 

\cKhroefphalMj  it  differs  in  the  larger  mouth,  larger  size,  and  smaller 

:  the  pectoral  and  ventral  fins  are  also  usually  shorter.    Tbe 

also,  are  2,  4,  instead  of  1,  4. 


Genus  CODOMA  Girard. 

U.  CoDOMA  x^NVRA  Jordan. 

\lf%«i$g9iUt)  £amnruB  JoitDAN  <  1877),  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  8c.  Philft.  79. 

Ifal  flttb  is  the  most  abundant  species  iu  the  rapids  of  the 
tofgee  at  Flat  Shoals. 

1^  Coi>OMA  OALLISBXA  Jordan, 
uOfaCM  JoKDjLN  (l»77},  Ado.  Lye.  N»l.  Hint.  3G3. 

E^pecies,  ono  of  the  most  elegant  of  tbe  genus,  U  very  abundant 
io  SonUi  Fork  of  the  Ocomlgeo.     It  differs  from  the  other  species  of 


38       C0NTRIBUTI0N8  TO  NOBTH  AMEKICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — UL 

tbe  genus  in  the  presence  of  a  single  ro\v  or  teetb  and  in  the  more 
rior  [>ofjitiou  of  tbe  dorsal,  wbicb  is  scarcely  at  all  posterior  to  the 
trals.    It  is,  boworor,  rather  a  Codoma  than  an  Epinema* 

Genus  NOTEMIGONUS  Bafinesque, 

13.  NOTEMIOONTTS  A3fERIOANt7a  (£.)  JiW. 
Koicmigonu*  i$chanut  Jordan  (1877),  Aud.  Lye.  Nat.  Hitit.  3(>4. 

Very  abundant  everywhere  iu  the  Ocmulgee  iu  still  or  deep  wj 
Adalt  speoimeDS  have  tbe  lower  fins  yellow,  tipped  with  scarlet. 

Genus  CERATICHTHYS  Baird, 

14,  CBRATiOHTnys  RXJuaiFHONS  Jordan, 

^Koccmit  ruhri/rone  JOMixs  (1R77),  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  XM). 

This  handsome  little  fish  was  first  described  from  the  OomnlgeeKI 
where  it  ia  abuuduut.    It  is  also  common  in  the  Oconee. 

15,  Okkatichthys  biouttatus  {Kirt,)  Oirard. 

Abandant  in  the  Qcouee;  uot  noticed  in  tbe  Ocmnlgee. 

Genus  SEMOTILUS  Eafuicsque, 

16.  SE310T1LUS  ooEPOEALis  (MIL)  Putttam. 

From  a  small  brook,  tributary  to  tbe  Ocmulgee.    In  the  South, 
species  is  almost  conflued  to  tbe  smaller  creeks  and  spring-runs. 

CATOSTOMID^. 
Genus  MYXOSTOMA  Bqfinesque. 

17.  MYXOSTOMA  CERVlNUM  (Copc)  Jordan. 

The  little  "Jump  Itocks"  is  very  abundant  at  the  Flat  Sboala^ 
Ocmulgee. 

18.  Myxostoma  PA1MLL08UM  [Cope)  Jordan. 

Common  iu  tbe  Ocmnlgee. 

Genua  ERIMYZON  Jordcn, 
19.  EBorvzoN  scoBTTA  {Lac.)  Jortlan. 
From  tbe  Ocmulgee. 


n8B£8   OF   TOE  CHATTAUOOCHEE    DAKIX. 


39 


SlLURIDj;. 

Genus  ICHTHiELURUS  Rafinesque. 
20.  lownuBXAjnvB  punotatus  (Eaflnatquc)  Jordan, 
Xaj  common  in  the  Ocmulgee. 

Genua  AMIURUS  Ilafinesque, 

21.  Amiusus  KAKUObatus  {llolhrook)  Jordan. 

A  ciDgle  sjiecimeD  \a  iu  tbo  Natioual  Mu&eum,  {collected  by  Dr.  Hol- 
Irwk  lu  Uie  Alt^maliA  River.  The  species  occurs  in  abundaDoe  in  tbe 
fimui  Mid  filoogfas  of  Boatbera  Illinoia. 

22.  Amiubus  BttUNNEUS  Jordan. 
Vcfj  abuudAQt  in  the  Ocmalgce,  from  wbich  river  it  was  first  de- 

ANGUILLID^. 

Genua  ANGUILLA  Thunherg. 
23.  ANGUILLA  VULGARIS  Fleming. 
EetftoccQr  in  aUI  the  larger  tribotariea  of  the  Oconee  and  Oomnlgee. 

IT. — WATEB-BASIN   OF   THE  CUATTAHOOCHKE   BIVBB. 

Oat eollections  in  tbo  Chattahoocheo  Basin  have  been  ruther  unaatis- 
onlj  twenty  one  8i>ecie8  huvti  be«u  obtained.    Of  these,  three 
lobecbaractehstioof  tbe  river,  and  bave  not  yet  been  obtained  else- 
:  SemoHlwt  thoreauianits.  Photogenic  leucopus^  and  Codoma  eury- 
Tlieotber  species  taken  are  found  also  either  iu  the  AUaniaha 
or  both. 

Th«  GhattAboocbee  is  noteworthy  ^s  being,  so  far  as  is  at  present 

lovn,  tbe  eiwt-emmost  timit  iu  the  Southern  States  of  the  Rock  Bass 

if'  rijt)  and  the  Red  Uorse  [MyxoHioma  duqtteJtnii)^  as  the 

of  tbe  range  of  I  he  "  Green  Cat"  {Amiurvs  brunm'UJs)^ 

WuHDuatb  Perch  {Chanobryttu*  viridvi),  and  the  **  Jaoip  Rocks** 

cgrvinuui).    It  is  also  the  westernmost  of  tbe  series  of  riv- 

MSriiar  PmIms  fi4Atee,  Savannah,  Altamaba,  and  Chattahoochee — 

'itftfM  eontUuM  does  uot  occur. 


40       CONTfilBlITIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTUYOLOOY — HL 


Pour  of  the  Rpccip.s  here  laeutionetl  were  coUeoted  several  ye^ 
ago  by  Ur.  llngb  M.  Nei«ler  ut  fiome  point  in  Georgia,  tbc  record  of  t\u 
locality  not  certainly  preserved,  bat  HUppom.*d  to  bo  Flint  Kiver,  and 
now  in  the  MuHOum  of  the  SujithHonian  iDstitutiou.  These  are  Campi 
Htoma  anomalumj  Sanotilua  thorvauianuji,  Codoma  Jormom  {^* yrandijiin'] 
/)m"),  and  A^hododerus  ttayanua  {^'^Aateriuytreniia  mcnoirema  ^]. 

ETHEOSTOMATIDJE. 

Genus  HADROPTERUS  Agassis. 

1.  Hadkopterus  niobofasciatus  Agatsiz, 

A.biindaut  at  the  Shallow  Ford  of  the  Cbattahoocbeo  near  Gainps-J 
ville,  Ga. 

CENTRAROHID^. 
GemiB  MICROPTERUS  Lacephde. 

2.  MiCROPTEBUS  PAIXIDDB  (Haf.)  G.  dt  J, 

Kot  very  abnndant. 

3.  MiOBOPTBRUS  SALHOIDES  {Loo.)  GUU 

Very  oommon. 

Genus  AlIBLOPLITES  Rqfifiesque. 

4.  AMBLOPLITBS  RUPESTBIS  {Rof,)  GilL 

Abandant, 

Gonus  LEPIOPOMUS  E^i/mesqme. 

5.  LBPioroacrs  paixidus  {Mit.)  O,  d:  J, 
(foUUM*  iMtMr  Holbnok.) 

A  few  apeflunoas  Ukcu  in  Pea«b  Tre«  Cxftk  near  Aihiata. 

fl.  LsptoroMtm  AtjRtrrs  [L.)  Bttf, 

It  At  the  Shaltov  Ford  of  the OlMtt»teMk«a.    Jtfyi 
•loii^Ms  timifc  Ufeow  fton  tb»  d*liid»«  wmA  ttaej  dlflbr 
what  in  colonUkMi  Mid  aguaanatkin.     Xlw  davt  bloubea  at  tb«  bsae 
oT  tlM>  dotaal  are  waatiag.    I  am  aat«  buwrvr,  diapoted  to 


F18H£8   OF   THK   CHATTAHOOCHEE   BA81N.  43 

Genus  CAMPOSTOMA  Agassu. 

IL  CAJtPOSTOaiA  ANOMALUM  {Raf.)  Ag, 

flpedmens  in  Dr.  llcisler's  collecUon,  supposed  to  have  been  taken  in 
tte  Flint  River,  In  Taylor  Coanty,  Georgia. 

G«nu8  SEMOTILUS  Eafinesque, 

12.  &EHOT1LUS  TUOR£AUtANU3  Jordan. 

The  types  are  in  Dr.  yeisler's  coUectiou,  probably  trom  Fliot  Biver. 

Genus  CERATICHTHYS  Baird. 

13.  Gbratichthys  biguttatus  {Kirtland)  Girard, 
Fny  sbuadant  id  the  ChattHhoochee. 

CATOSTOMIDiE. 

Genus  MYXOSTOMA  Rafineaque. 

14.  Mtxostoma  duquesmu  {Le  Sueur)  Jordan. 

Alpeoies  which  we  are  unable  to  diHtiogaisli  from  the  common  "Red 
of  tlie  Ohio  is  abundant  in  the  Gbattahoochec. 

15.  Mtxobtoma  ceevinum  Cope. 
A  fev  specimens  taken  in  the  Shallon*  Ford. 

Genus  ERIMYZON  Jordan. 

16.  EBDfTZON  HUOBTTA  {L<it\)  JOT. 

Tree  Creek  near  Atlanta. 

8ILURIDJ5. 
GenuB  ICHTHJELURUS  Eafinesque. 

17.  IcaTU^LUEUB  PUNCTATUS  {Raf.)  JoT. 

Tbe  Cliaooel  Cat  Is  exceedingly  abundant  in  tbe  Cbattaboocbee. 


44      CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — HL. 

Grenus  AJIIURUS  liafinesqm. 

18»  Amiurus  BBUftNEUs  Jordan, 

This  is  the  most  abaudaut  edible  fish  in  the  Chattahoochee, 
secureil  upwards  of  forty  large  apecimeus  in  two  houra^  aeiuing  at 
Shallow  Ford.    It  grows  to  the  length  of  about  IS  inches,  and  is  inu< 
valued  as  food.    It  is  usually  kuowu  as  the  Mud  Cat. 

Genus  NOTURUS  Rafi^iesque. 
19,  IfOTURUS  LEPTACANTH08  Jordan. 
^tfliinu  leptacAnthut  ZoniuM  (1H77),  Ann.  I./o.  Nat.  Hmt.  N.  Y.  353. 

This  species  was  originally  desciibed  from  a  single  speciniea  taken 
Silver  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Etowah.     A  second  specimen,  siaii] 
to  the  first,  was  taken  by  us  at  the  Shallow  Ford  during  the  pa«t 
mer,  and  since  theu  a  third,  at  the  same  lotu&lity  as  the  first.     In  col 
this  species  is  of  a  rich  pale  transparent  brown,  very  slightly  mott 
with  darker. 

LEPlDOSTEIDiE. 

Genus  LEPIDOSTEUS  Lace^e. 

20.  LEPIDOSTEUS  OSSEtJS  (X.)  Ag, 
Taken  at  the  Shallow  Ford. 

ANGUILLIDJ5. 
Genus  ANGUILLA  Thufiherg. 

21.  ANGUILLA  VULGARIS  Finning. 
Eels,  of  conrse,  abound  iu  the  Chattahoochee. 

v.— WATER  BASIN  OF  THE  ALABAMA   RIVER. 

The  fish-fauna  of  the  Alabama  Biver  is  now  better  known  than 
of  any  other  of  the  Southern  stroatns.  Fifty-tive  species  nre  now  km 
as  inhabitants  of  that  river  and  of  its  gi^eat  tributaries,  the  Eto^ 
Oostanaula,  and  Coosa.  A  slight  examination  of  nny  suitable  tribal 
of  the  Alabama  U  snIUoteut  to  show  that  it  is  nineh  richer  in  «i 
than  are  any  of  the  rivers  lying  to  the  eastward  of  U. 

Of  these  fifly-eix  species,  thirteen  are  as  yet  only  known  from 


KldBES    OF   THE   ALABAMA    BASIN. 


45 


AUbama  Ba«in.  These  ar«;  XenUma  iieWfirmn^  Zygonectea  guttatus^ 
iffftWi'Ut  hieroglyphicus^  Hydrophlox  x<tnoctrphalus^  Hydrophlox  chrosO' 
•mi,  CWoMa  eaUhtia,  Codoma  trichrointia^  Codotna  carulea,  Codoma 
^hfmmtmra,  yotropix  KtUhius^  PhenacohUts  cafoKtomuMj  Catostomwt  nigri- 
mm^hronnMx  and  Myxonfowa  euryopi.  X  exclude  from  this  euameratioQ 
_^fl»f  or  two  B])««ies  recorded  from  the  Black  Warrior  River,  as  it  is 
Bttit*);  that  the  Taana  of  that  stream  wdl  prove,  iu  part  at  least,  different, 
^^^ertaio  comojon  Northern  or  Western  types,  apparently  absent  in  the 
^^Hnna  bitJierto  noUcfd,  make  their  ai)pearauce  in  the  waters  of  the 
HikUbaaia.  Among  these  are  Luxilnt  cornutvs,  Notemigontm  chrysoletioust 
B flno^ryf^uj  i/M/offiur,  Hyodon^  PhenacubiuSy  etc. 

I  ETHEOSTOMATID^. 

I  Genus  PERCINA  Haldemafh 

r  1.  Peeoina  caprodes  {Raf.)  Grd. 

Abiiodant :  precisely  like  Northern  specimens. 

G^nuft  HADROPTERUS  Agassiz, 
2.  Hadboptebus  moropasciatus  AgaMiz. 
DniDdaot:  first  described  from  near  Mobile. 

Genu8  ULOCENTRA  Jordan, 
3.  Uloobntra  stxgh^a  Jordan, 

^itiiiiuiM  tiifman  Jokuan  (1877),  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y,  3U. 

CoBiioon  ill  fli'.ir  water.    This  species  also  occurs  in  the  streams  of 
hooisiaoa. 

Genus  BOLEICHTIIYS  Girard. 

4.  BOLKlCnTBYS  ELEOANS    (rirard, 

AboiKlaiit  in  clear,  weedy  jmnds.    This  may  not  l>e  identical  with 
Giranra  species,  which  vas  originally  described  from  Texas. 

PERCIDiE. 

Genua  STIZOSTETHIUM  Rafinesque. 

fi.  SnzosTETnimc  balmoneum  Jtajin€aque. 

lit  the  river-cbaunels  of  tlie  Oostauaula.    Wo  have  had  do  opporta- 
tity  to  ezaoilnB  si>eciiiieii8,  and  we  are  not  sure  that  the  Alabama  tish 
tlM  original  talmoimtm. 


46       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  n6rTH  AMEUtCAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — lU. 


CENTRARCHID^. 

Genus  MICROPTERUS  LacSpede. 

6,  MlGBOPTERUS  PALLCDCS  (&/.)  O,  d  J, 

Abuudnnt 

7.  MlCBOPTERUS  SALMOIDES  {LOC,)  G^ilL 

(Var.  salTnoides.) 

Abundant,  bnt  less  so  tfann  tbe  preceding.    The  two  species  are 
known  indiacrirainately  its  **Tront". 

Genus  CH^NOBRYTTUS  aUL 

8.  OHiENOBUYTTUS  GULOSUS  [C.  ifc  V.)   OiH 

From  the  Alabama  Uiver  at  Montgomory. 

Genus  MIBLOPLITES  Ilafinesque. 

9.  AMBL0PLITE8  KUPESTRI8  [lia/,)  GUI. 

From  tbe  Etowah  uud  Oostauanla;  rather  common. 
Genus  LEPIOPOMUS  Rafinesque. 

10.  Lepiopostus  pjLi.LiDi;s  (Mit.)  O,  <fi  J. 
Abundant  in  the  Etowah  and  OoRtanaala. 

11.  LEPIOPOMUS  onscuRUS  {Ag<ui9iz)  Jwr, 
Not  rare  in  the  Etowah  and  Oostananla. 

Genus  XENOTIS  Jordan. 

12.  XeNOTIS  INSCRIPT0B  [Afftusiz)  JoT. 

Prom  the  Oostananla. 

13.  Xenotis  banguinolentus  {AgaMiz)  Jor, 
Very  abundant  in  the  Etowah  and  Oostananla. 

Genus  EUPOSIOTIS  (7i7/  it  Jordan, 

14.  KtTPOMOnS  PALLIBUS  {AffOSlHz)  Q,  4tJ. 

S|»ecimeiiB  fmm  the  Alabama  River  near  Montgomeo'*    Tliia 

id  the  three  preceding  were  first  described  from  the  TeDoesBee  Itivt 

Alabama. 


FI8HB8   OF   THE   ALABAMA    BAStK.  47 

Geuug  CENTRAKCHUS  Cui^kr  £  Valencimms. 

15.   ('KNTBARCnUS   lUrDKITS  {Lac.)  C.  d'  V, 

Specimeaa  from  Alabama  lUver,  iit  Montgorocry,  similar  to  others 
EOS  Ibo  NrtiMi*  aoit  from  ubont  CbarlcHton.  Tbin  species  has  been 
md  bv  Tror.  S.  A,  Forbes  in  Soutberu  llliiioiH. 

Gk>nu8  POMOXYS  Rafinesqu^. 

16.  PoMOXYS  NIGB0MACULATC8  {Le  S.)  Oirard. 
SpeeJnieos  fVom  the  Alabama  Giver  at  Montgomery. 

17.  POMOXYS  ANNULARIS  Ra/. 

fnm  Bound  Lake  near  Moutgoiuery. 

SCLENID^. 

Genus  HAPLOIDONOTUS  Rafinesque. 

Id,  HAPLOiDONOTua  ORUNNiENS  Rajincsque, 
AboDdant  in  Uie  OusUinaiila. 

COTTID^, 

Genus  POTAMOCOTTUS  GiU. 
10.  PoTAMocorrtrs  mebidionalis  {Oirard)  OHL 

l^iiirriiii  earolintr  Giu.  (1801).  Troc.  Umt,  8oc.  Nat.  Hist. 
itmmmtUiB  »opkerus  JoKDAM  {1977),  Ann,  L>'e.Nai.  Hist  N.Y.  320. 

Eliceedingly  abundant  in  nil  the  clear  and  cold  tnbntnriea  of  the 
■Blowab,  OoKtananbi,  and  Coosa.  ManyspecimenR  from  the  cold  waters 
•f  Ibe  Cave  Spring  Creek.  We  are  unable  to  satisfactorily  distinguish 
ttw  Comm  called  sophemay  earoUnaty  and  meridionaJis,  and,  l>e1ieving  them 
ipniflaftlly  idoutical,  wo  aoite  tbcm  ander  the  oldest  name. 

APnODODERIDiE. 

Genus  APIIODODERUS  Le  Sueur. 

{  ApkrtdnitfTHii  L<*  8. ;   .^(rrwo'rfiHW  NolfWII.) 

AmoDonEUUS  sayantts  {OilUawn)  PeKay. 
from  Alabama  River  near  Montgomery.  The  fish  de- 
«TtlMd  by  rrofwwor  Jordan  from  Flint  River,  under  the  name  of  As- 
kfmotmia.  iMK»<rmM,  U  undoubtedly  a  variation  of  this  species. 


48       CONTIUBUTIONS  TO  NOKTU  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 

cyprinodontidj:. 

Genus  XENISMxV  Jordatu 
21,  Xemsma  8TRLLIFKBUU  Jordan, 
Xeninut  aiell^fera  Jordan  (lti77),  Add.  Lye.  Nat  HiBt  N.  Y.  328. 

'Ibis  most  exqumitely  colored  fish  is  very  abundant  in  all  the  clei 
trilniturioM  of  tbu  Etowah,  Ooatanaula,  and  Coosa.     It  prefers  coU 
waters,  arid  ascends  the  " springrous^  to  their  foaDtain-heads. 

Genus  ZYGONECTES  AgassU 

22.  Zyoonectes  notth  AgasMs, 

Many  specimens  in  the  Mnseam  of  the  Academy  of  Natnral  Scieni 
of  Philudflphia,  from  near  Mobile.    This  and  the  next  belong  to  thi 
group  of  sliort  bodied  species  called  MicrUtius  by  Professor  GiU. 

23.  Zyoonectks  guttatus  Agastis, 

Recorded  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  near  Mobile, 

24.  Zyoonectes  hieroolyphious  Agassis. 

rJSiBpded  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  near  Mobile.    We  have  nert 
Been  etther  this  or  the  preceiling,  and  doubt  if  any  one  will  ever  reoog^^ 
uizo  them  from  the  published  descriptions. 

ESOCID-E. 
Genus  ESOX  Linn<Etts. 

25.  ESOX  RBTICTTLATC8  Lc  Sueur, 

Abundant  in  tributaries  of  the  Etowah* 

2G.  Esox  bayenkli  Bolbrook. 

A  few  B|>ecimcus  in  the  United  States  National  Mnseam  &om  the 
Alabama  Kiver. 

HYODOXTID^. 

Genus  HYODON  Le  Sueur. 
27.  Hyoook  skl&xops  JordA»  A  Bma. 
JoUMJH  A  BXAS  <  IS?7),  Balkan  U.  S.  Nat.  Uta*.  x.  «&. 
AaiogW  R|M»cimeu  in  the  Niilioaa]  Maseam  (max  tb«  AJ«b«mA 
MoutgmiMtfy. 


PISHES   OF*   THE    ALABAMA   BASIN. 


49 


DOROSOMATID^. 
Genus  DOROSOmV Ilafinesque. 

2&  DOBOSOUA  CEPEDIAI4UM  (Lac.)  Gill 
(Van  hetemrum  Raf.) 
in  tbe  Uaited  JStates  National  Museom  from  Booud  Lake 
loiery,  Ala. 

CYPRINIDJ;. 

Genus  CAMPOSTOMA  Agassijs. 

29.  Oampostoma  anomalum  {Raf.)  Ag, 
Var.  prolij^um  (Storer). 
AbaocUnt  In  tbe  Etowah  and  Oostanaula. 

Genus  LUXILUS  Bafinesque, 

30.  LuxiLus  coBNUTUS  {Mxt)  Jor, 

Vtry  abandant  Id  all  tbe  tributaries  of  tbe  Etowab,  Oostanaula,  and 
MM^vers. 

My  flpcciroens  do  not  obviously  differ  from  those  from  New  York  and 
KortfaweaC 

Genus  HYDROPHLOX  Jordan. 
31.  Htdeopulox  chbosomus  Jordan. 

J0II11A.X  (len),  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  HUt.  N.  Y.  333. 
Very  abaudaut  in  the  clear  tributaries  of  the  Oostanaula,  Coosa,  and 
Etovah.  In  Cedar  Creek,  at  Cave  Spring,  it  is  the  commonest  speciesi 
Nearring  in  tbe  clear,  cold  waters,  with  Coduma  vaUistia  and  XenUma 
lUBifentm.  None  of  our  Cifprinidcc  excel  Uydrophlox  chrosomua  in  deli- 
CMty  of  coloration.  It  is  of  a  clear  hyaline-green  al)ove;  clear  Hilvery 
Mw:  aMarlet  band  straight  from  upper  edge  of  opercle  to  caudal: 
ihiwl,  anal,  and  caudal  each  with  a  scarlet  bar.  In  this  species,  tbe 
•OQlh  U  rather  less  terminal  than  is  usual  in  tbe  group  called  Uydrophlox* 

32.  llYDRoi'iiLox  xJ2NocErHALUS  Jordan, 

I  JORl>JLN  (187?),  Aim.  Lye.  Nat.HiHt.  334, 

lag,  bat  rather  less  common.    Tbis  species  bears  some 
YMmblanee  to  the  young  of  Codoma  callistia. 
DaU.  N.  M.  No.  12—4 


50      CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — IIL 


Genus  CODOMA  Girard 
33,  CoDoaiA  BTIGHATUKA  Jordan. 

Photftgenu  gfigmaturus  JoiiDAN  ( 1S77)(  Ann.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  337. 

This  elegant  species  is  very  abundant  in  the  tribntaries  of  the  Eto- 
wab,  Oostanaula,  and  Coosa.  In  those  streams  wbich  are  neither  very 
clear  and  cold  nor  very  mnddy,  it  is  usaally  the  most  abundant  species. 


34.  C0D03CA  OAIXISTIA  Jordan, 


1 


Photo$eni»  raWttiiu  Jordan  (1€77).  Add.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  337. 

A  large,  ornate  species,  noore  brilbantly  colored  than  tbe  preceding 
bat  less  graceful  in  form.    Female  si>ecimens  are  dull  dark  olive,  wi 
the  dorsal  tin  brick-red.    This  species  occurs  with  tbe  preoeding,  bat 
rather  less  abundant. 

35.  CoDOMA  TRiGHBOiSTiA  Jordan  <L'  Oilberty  9p.  not. 

A  small,  slender  species,  graceful  in  form  and  elegant  in  coloration 
It  is  most  nearly  related  to  C.  caVistiay  but  may  be  readily  distinguished 

Body  rather  slender,  considerably  compressed,  the  depth  ^  in  length 
Head  rather  slender  and  pointed,  4^  in  length.  Eye  of  moderate  sizQ 
3^  in  bead.  Moutb  qaito  large,  very  oblique,  tbe  maxillary  extendin, 
to  opposite  the  anterior  margin  of  the  eye,  and  the  premaxillarie 
being  on  a  level  with  the  middle  of  tbe  pupil,  tbe  moutb  thus  beiO; 
similar  to  that  of  the  species  of  Notropis.  In  C,  catlistia,  tbe  month  is 
much  more  inferior,  nearly  horizontal ;  tbe  mnxillaries  do  not  extend  ta 
the  eye,  and  iha  premaxillarits  are  entirely  below  the  Jevtl  of  the  orbit.     1 

Scales  rather  closely  imbricated,  G-42-3;  lateral  line  considerably 
decurvetl,  usually  with  an  abrupt  angulation  between  pectorals  and  ven- 
trals;  IS  or  19  scales  before  dorsal  fin  (15  or  IG  in  C\  callUtta). 

Fius  moderately  developed:  dorsal  well  behind  veutrals,  nithern 
caudal  Lhau  muzzle.    Dorsal  I,  7.    Anal  I,  9.    Pectorals  falling  som 
what  short  of  ventrals;  the  latter  reaching  beyond  vent  nearly  to 
of  aual. 

Color:  Bright  steel-blue  above  :  sides  bright  silvery  ;  in  males,  mo: 
or  less  milky.  A  Uirge  black  spot  at  base  of  caudal,  precisely  as  in 
(iftUUtia^  not  nearly  so  distinct  as  in  C.  fftujmatura.  ITead  silvery ;  abo 
bluish.  Dorsal  fin  with  a  broad,  dusky,  honzontal  band  at  ba**;  t 
membrane  of  the  last  rays  above  jet-blacky  blacker  than  in  the  otb 
species;  the  tip  of  the  flu  milk-white.    The  rest  of  liie  dorsal  fln, 


leiiroo 

somM 


FISHES   OF   THE   ALABAMA    BASIN. 


Ui«  anterior  part,  U  of  a  bright  pole  vermillion-red.  Tbe  niudal 
ftouehiefly  rosy,  tbo  tips  milk-white.  Tbe  anal  is  milky,  with  a  decided 
Saib  of  roee-color.    The'  ventrals  are  mlTky. 

Fenwle  specimens  are  duller,  bat  tbe  black  flD-markiugs  and  the  can- 
isl  qM>l  areRimtlur  iu  all.  In  tbe  female  of  C.  callUtia^  tbe  dorsal  mark- 
iiBfi  M«  obliterated. 

In  the  malefi,  iu  spring,  the  bead  and  anterior  dorsal  region  are  rather 
iparaely  tuberculate.  Tbe  caodal  peduncle  and  the  space  below  the 
ItfcnU  liao  as  far  forwanl  as  tbe  ventrals  are  covered  with  similar 
tabercJes. 

Teeth  I.  4—4, 1,  of  the  nsnal  type,  hooked  and  Bhan>'€dged.  Maxi- 
Bou  leoglb  2}  inches.    C  eallUtia  reaches  a  length  of  4  inches. 

Codnma  triehroijttia  is  very  abnndant  in  the  clear  tributaries  of  the 
Etowah  and  Oostananla.  Specimens  were  taken  by  Messrs.  Jordan  iiud 
Gflbert  iu  1876.  but  the  species  was  at  first  confounded  by  as  with  C. 
(aUMAt  which  it  mnch  resembles  in  coloration.  The  entirely  differeuc 
■Mtb  will  clistiaguish  the  two  species  at  once. 


3C.  EaoGALA  CIRCLE  A  Jordan. 


^._.,.,. ...» 

^^miMHInencate  and  graceful  iiah  has  thus  far  been  only  foand  in 
Sfce  OostAoaala  Kiver  and  its  tributary,  Kocky  Creek.  It  prefers  clear 
vftlcre. 

^^^  37.  CODOHA  FORMOSA  {PutTiam)  Jordan. 

^K  Th€  typical  specimens  of  Albunins  formosus  Putnam  and  of  Leuci^cut 
^Kifffteioplenis  Glinther  were  obtained  from  near  Mobile.  The  species 
^tt«n4bre  MongH   to   the   fauna  of  the  Alabama  Basin.    GUntber's 

Aetcrtptloti  appIiewH  well  to  ^^PhotogenU  grandipinnis  Jor,^  and  Albunm« 

.iWniAfM  in  p«x>bnbly  the  same. 

Tht  follovrlDg  is  an  analysia  of  tbe  characters  of  tbe  species  of  tbe 
flbgeijuii  Efttgcia  at  prej^nt  known : — 

■^myiil.  m.nr  I,  U  :  tftoth  1,4-4,1. 

I  >r  t«i  veiitrulM,  iuraja,  in  maleft,  longer  tban  head,  reach- 

'  baae  of  tlio  caudal :  body  abort,  mQch  comprcMietl :  buck 

IS  ;     I  l  in  k»Mj;tb:  bead  \\:  luonlli  larm*.  verj' obliqiio.  ihe 

Jnw  cH|iiiil :  block  ilonal  bltitcb  very  diHtinet:  a  <liatiuct  black  cnmlul 

ifpot :    toloratton  and   iubercl«a  ankaowu :   size  buaU;    length  '.4  In- 

FOBMOS.t,  1. 


ftn  «ll](!iTt^  pnMf«rior  to  Teotralti.  Its  longeafc  rays,  in  males,  shorter  ihaa 
tfatf  bctail,  and  nut  rcaohini;  nearly  to  baae  of  oaadal:  candul  pMluDulft 
talwreolatn:  fins  with  much  icd  :  size  medium  ;  Ion(;th  3i  inches. 


52       CONTKIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHyOLOOY HI. 


b.  BoOy  deep,  coropre«o<l;  depth  3^  to  ^  in  leDgtb :  fini  &I1  groatly  elevated;  the 
height  of  the  dotval  Qve-dixthii  the  luu]{tb  o{  the  head  :  inazzle,  autvnor 
part  uf  dorsal  fin,  and  a  brood  creAcent  in  the  middle  of  the  candal  fin 
hrigbt  scarlet :  posterior  margin  of  caudal  blackish  ;  no  black  spot  at 
base  of  caudal PYKunoMKias,  S, 

bh.  Body  luoru  eloogate,  less  comprcstHsd,  iu»  depth  4  to  4^  iu  leogtb  ;  fiaa  all  rather 
low,  the  iongeet  dorsal  ray  scarcely  }  length  of  head :  dorsal,  anal,  and 
oaaUoI  fins  ohiefly  bright  crirasuu :  no  dutluite  dark  margin  co  caadol : 

a  faint  black  candal  spot.. XJSKinu,3. 

•Section  H.  Anal  6n  short,  its  rays  1, 6,  or  1,9. 
*  Teeth  one-rowed,  4—1.  Dorsal  fin  scarcely  at  all  posterior  to  TentraU,  its  first  ray 
nearer  snout  than  base  of  caudal :  body  elongate,  compressed :  month 
smallish,  oblique,  rather  inferior :  dorsal  fin  greatly  elovalcd.  tbu  longmt 
ray, in  mnleti, longer  than  the  bead:  black  dorsal  blotch  well  marked: 
dor&al,  anal,  and  caudal  fins  ohielly  of  a  bright  fermginous-orange ; 
a.  blue  streak  along  sidea :  size  small ;  length  -Zl  inches.,  .cxluskmjl,  4. 
•■Teeth  two-rowed,  1,  4-4,  1  (often  1,  4-1,  3,  id  C.  eufyttoma). 

c.  black  markings  of  the  dorsal  fio  not  in  the  form  of  a  borlsootol  bar  across  the 

fin. 
d.  Adult  males  without  red  laarkuiga  on  the  fins. 

t.  Ho  distinct  black  or  dark  bine  spot  at  base  of  caudal :  body  short  and  deep, 
strongly  compressed :  fins  not  greatly  elevated,  the  dorsal  largely  of  a 
bright  luutruns  pale  green  :  black  doreal  markings  distinct :  a  bluish 
atreak  along  iddea:  males  with  the  whcile  body  tuliercnlate,  except  the 
space  anterior  to  the  ventrala  and  below  the  hiteral  line :  head  poiut-ed : 
month  oblique,  the  upper  Jaw  projecting:  size  small;  length  3  ltt> 

chcS CULOUldTIA,  5. 

m,  A  rather  faint  dark  bine  caudal  sput,  precedul  by  a  very  distinct  lateral 
band  of  clear  blue :  sides  ohiefiy  bine  and  silvery:  fins  clear  yellow,  the 
block  markings  obscure :  body  slender  :  moaih  small :  fins  not  greatly 

elevated:  size  small;  length  St  inches cxrulea,  6. 

ijtilk  A  large,  very  conspicuous  jet-black  spot  at  base  of  caudal :  body  eloQgata, 
moderately  comprcseed  :  color  pale  olivacaona  or  bluish:  sides  silvery: 
fin-markings  rather  obscnre:  fins  rather  low:  month  oblique,  the  lower 
jaw  the  shorter :  scales  large ;  size  large :  length  4  inches . .  stiomaTURa,  7. 
4d.  Adult  males  with  tbu  vertical  flna  chiefly  red:  n  well-marked  block  candal 
spot,  less  Mstinct  than  in  C.  stiffmaiura. 
f.  Mouth  largo,  quite  oblique,  tUe  jaws  about  equal,  the  maxillary  reach- 
ing to  op[ioi>itc  the  eye  and  the  prcnutrillttria  antcriorli/  on  the  level  of 
the  jinpil :  l>ody  slender,  compressed :  doreal  tin  dutiky  ut  Uaw,  jct-blnck 
on  last  Tuyn,  the  On  otlierwise,  as  well  as  the  anal  and  candal  jtale  Ter- 
million  :  caudal  peduncle  tnbemnlate:  dorsal  markings  nsnnlly  distinct 

in  both  sexes  :  size  small ;  length  2}  inches tricdroistti*, B> 

ff.  Month  nearly  horizontal,  overlapped  by  the  heavy  snoot,  the  maxillary 
not  reaching  to  the  eye,  and  the  pnmaxillarifa  anteriorltf  below  the  level 
of  the  orbit :  doraal  tin  dusky  at  the  base  and  on  the  last  rays,  tlie  greater 
part  of  tbu  fin,  aa  well  as  of  Ihe  candal,  bright  carmine :  colomtton  of 
body  quite  dork,  blue  in  moles,  otivu  in  females:  dorsal  morkingit  ubMuro 
in  the  latter:  body  stout,  not  greatly  compreased,  th'    back  sunuwhal 

elevated:  size  large;  length  4  iocbes CAUJimA,  !>. 

CO.  Black  markings  of  the  dontal  fin  in  the  form  of  a  horizontal  bar  Hcrvvv*  ihit  tin 
midwuy:  body  stout  and  deep,  not  greatly  oompnwsul:   !  -y: 

mouth  large,  oblique,  with  equal  Jaws:  eye  very  large;  a  ~  Us- 

tinct  black  caudal  spot:  fins  with  pale  red  :  teeth  sometimes  1,  4-1,  3 1 
sixe  large ;  length  4  inches:  appearance  of  IauUus KiiitrsroMA,  10. 


FISHKS   OF  THE  ALABAMA   BASIN. 


53 


Genus  NOTROPIS  JRafimsque, 
dS.  NoTBOPiB  LIRU8  Jordan. 

HrmM  JouDAM  (ISH),  Ann.  Lye.  NAt,  Hist,  N.  Y.  342. 
OommoD  ID  tributaries  of  the  IStowsb,  OosUnaalAj  aud  Ooosa  id  still, 
4Mp  wat«i«.  This  species  is  not,  by  any  means,  a  typical  member  of 
te  genas.  In  form,  coloratioa,  sqnamation,  and  nnptial  tubercles,  it 
naenbleetbo  species  ot  Lythrurus,  from  which  it  is  technically  Heparated 
fcy  Uie  waut  of  masUcatory  surface  on  the  teeth.  Notropu  matutinus 
iMfooobcft  it  in  tbo  small  size  of  its  scales. 

^^^m  39.  Nornopis  stilbius  Jordan, 

HftMNgri*  trtOMw  JoKDAK  (It^TT),  Atui.  Lye.  Nat.  Bist.  N.  Y.  343. 

Aboadatit  in  the  water-basin  of  the  Alabama.    The  species  of  this 
greatly  need  revision. 

Genus  NOTEMIGONUS  Hafinesque. 

40,  KOTEMIGONUS  CHRYSOLEUOUS  {MiL)  Jor» 

f  mo«t  writon;  not  CypHnvsam^ricaniisLinnfeDaf-n-bichUaSontheafit- 
ern  Bpeciea — NoiemigovHM  itckantu  Jor.) 

This  famiHar  speoles  is  very  abandaut  in  bayons  and  weedy  streams 

Edo  of  the  Alabama. 
Genus  PHENACOBIUS  Cope, 
41.  Phgnacobius  oatostomtjs  Jordan, 
tt^lMfani  JoiiOAK  (lan),  Ann.  Lye.  Nat,  Hist.  N.  Y.  332. 

lltU  flUVDgly  marked  species  was  fonnd  in  abundance  in  two  clear 
flHBoia,  Silver  Creek  and  Cedar  Creek,  tributaries  respoetirely  to  the 
Bunrab  and  the  Coosa.  This  is  a  much  stouter  species  than  P.  vranops 
Uo^;  it  baa  leas  developed  lips  aud  is  in  various  other  ways  dissimilar. 

Genua  CERATICHTHYS  Baird, 
2.  CKBATicnTHYS  wofOHELLi  {Qiratd)  Jordan. 

< .,,  Proc  Ac  Nftt  Sc  Phila.  1856,  211. 
-),  Joani.  Ao,  Nat.  8«.  Philft.  186H,236. 

Vofy  eommoD  lu  the  Alabama  Basin.    C.  higutiattu  was  not  obtained 

by  04  in  aay  of  tbe  tributaries  of  the  Alabama.    It  seems,  however,  to 

bsre  been  dencribwl  by  Girnrd,  from  the  Black  Warrior,  under  the  name 

S^eomi*  Mkctu. 


54       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — IIL 

Genus  SEMOTILUS  Bqfinesque, 
43.  Sbmotilvs  oobpobaub  {MiU)  PtUnam. 
Oommon  in  tho  smaller  streams. 

Genus  RHINICHTHYS  Agassis. 
44.  Rhiniorthys  obtusus  AgasMz, 

Very  common  in  tbe  spring-runs  tributary  to  the  Etowah  and  Oosta- 
uaula. 

OATOSTOMID^. 
Genus  MYXOSTOMA  BqfiHesque. 

45.  MYX08T03CA  MAOROLBPtDOTUM  DUQUSSUn  {Le  8,)  Jimimm, 

The  *-  Ked  Uorse"  is  common  in  the  Ktowah  and  Oostananla.  Yar. 
Uivhrymale  (Cope)  also  oeours. 

4(k  Myxostoma  busyops  Jordam, 

ilfjmtwmM  mrjfpt  Jokdan  (1S7T),  Ana.  Ly«.  Nftt.  Hist.  N.  Y.  3t8. 

From  Lorejoy  *8  Creek,  a  tribatary  of  the  Ooetanaola.  The  type-^wci- 
men  of  this  singular  species  still  remains  unique. 

Genus  CATOSTOMUS  Le  Sueur. 
47.  Catostoxts  2iiGRiCA>'s  BTowA^n:^  Jordan. 

i.\i.:Mt\fmtti  Kiyru-uM^  vaur.  <teir»»ii*  Jokdax  vI^^%  Ann.  Lye.  Xat.  HLiC  K.  Y. 

The  Hog  Mullet,  or  Crawl- a-bottom^  is  very  abundant  in  aU  rapid 
screams  iu  the  Alabama  Basin*  The  charactws  separating  rar.  «(9«a- 
i«K«  from  nigrieatu  seem  to  be  pretty  eoostant.  I  do  Dot,  howeTcr, 
thiuk  them  distinct  species. 

Genus  ERIMYZON  Jordan. 

4^  EKDfTZO^C  SrCXTTA  (£«<-.)  t/(»niiaa. 

Thi5  »pecie&.  known  locally  as  the  May  Sucker^  is  abondaar  in  the 
w;iter^  basin  of  the  Alabama. 

Genus  MIXYTREMA  Janim. 

•ML  ItasmaoLL  sdbzjcioys  ^erdaa. 

Xte  "^awft  Sv^cc^  ia  abndant  ia  tibe  wafecffs  af  tite 


PISHES   OF  THE   ALABAMA   BA81K. 


65 


Genoa  CARPIODES  Rafincsque. 

50.  Oaepiodes  oyprimus  {Le  8.)  Ag, 
A  single  specimen  from  Round  Lake  near  Moutgouieryf  Ala.,  appa- 
tmOy  ideutical  with  Peuuaylvauia  examples. 

r  Genus  BUBALICHTHYS  Af/assu. 

K  51.  BUBALICHTHTS  (TATTBUS)  Agtuaiz, 

Bsoordecl  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  the  Alabama,  Other  apecies  of 
•BoBaio  Fish''  doabtless  occar  ia  the  Alabama,  but  the  species  have 
mrvr  b«eu  studied. 

SILURIDJ;. 
Genus  ICHTHiELURUS  Safinesque, 

52.  JOETTUBLVRVB  PU270TATUS  [Rqf.)  Jor, 

▲bondaut  in  the  baaio  of  the  Alabama. 

Genus  AMIURUS  Bafinesque. 

63.   AMIUBCS  NATALIS  ANTONIKNSIS  {Qtd.)  Jor. 

It  in  moddy  ti'ibutartes  of  the  KtowaU  atid  Coosa. 
Genus  NOTURUS  Eajinesque. 

54.  NoTUBUS  LKM'ACANTnus  Jordan. 

two  specimeDS,  taken  in  Silver  Creek,  and  a  third  specimen,  from  the 
are  all  that  are  at  present  known  of  this  carious  little 

ANGUILLIDiE. 
Genus  ANGUILLA  Thmherg. 
65.  AliauilXA  VULaABts  Fleming, 

LEPIDOSTEID^. 

Genus  LEPIDOSTKUS  Lac^pbdc. 
0(K  liBrnjosTEUs  osseus  (L.)  A$. 
From  tli»  OostaaanJa;  probably  common. 


66      CONTKIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — IlL 


VI.—WATBB-BASIN  OP  THE  TENNESSEE   BIVER. 

The  fish-fauua  of  the  ToDncssee  River  has  been  pretty  fally  stodied, 
especially  as  to  its  Cyprinidw,  Tliirty-seven  species  were  obtained  by 
Professor  Cope  in  the  French  Broad,  tbirty-foar  in  the  Holston,  and 
twenty-five  by  Professor  Jordan  in  tributaries  of  tbe  Clinch  and  French 
Broadly  utakiug  iu  all  some  sixty  diQerent  s|XH;ies  known  to  inhabit  the 
upper  watera  of  the  Tennessee.  In  the  lower  course  of  the  river,  thirty- 
four  species  ore  recorded  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  the  Tennessee 
River  at  Huntsville,  Ala. ;  twenty  species  were  obtained  by  the  writers 
from  the  Chickamanga  River  at  Ringgold,  Oa.,  and  seventeen  species 
from  Elk  River  at  Estill  Springs  in  Tennessee.  About  sixty-eight  spe* 
cies  are  therefore  known  to  occur  iu  the  lower  course  of  the  river.  la 
all,  eighty-two  diflereut  species  are  knoicn  to  inhabit  the  waters  of  the 
Tennessee.  To  this  number  many  species  of  large  Ushea  inhabiting  the 
Ohio  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee  might}  with  certainty,  be  added; 
but  it  is  not  the  province  of  this  paper  to  record  guesses.  Forty-six 
species  are  therefore  certainly  common  to  the  upper  and  lower  courses 
of  the  Tennessee  River. 

The  species  at  present  known  iu  the  Tennessee  Basin,  only  from  the 
upi»or  conrse, — the  Clinch,  Holston,  and  French  Broad  Rivers, — are  the 
following : — 


i 

I 


Hadropterus  aurantiacas 
Dipleslnm  simoterom. 
Nothonotus  zouatis. 
Nothonotns  vulnemtas. 
Nothonotus  rutllineatns. 
Etheostoma  flabellare. 
Salveliuns  footinalis. 
Alburuopa  spectruuculus. 


Hydrophlox  rnbriorocens. 
Hydrophlox  lacertosus. 
Episema  leocioda. 
Kotropis  micropteryx. 
Notropis  atherinoides. 
Hemitremia  vittata. 
Placopharynx  carinatus. 


Noturus  eleutberus. 

In  all,  sixteen  species. 

From  tbe  lower  coarse  of  the  river  only,  the  following  are  known  :- 


("Etheostoma")  cineroa. 
("Etheostoma'')  tessellata. 
Pcecilichthys  jessiro. 
Ctlif^nob^yttus  gulosus. 
Lepiopomus  obscnms. 
(Lepiopomus)  bombifrous. 
Kn(>omotis  paUidos. 


Xeuotis  inscriptuB. 

Esox  (crassus). 

Hyodon  seleuops. 

Pomolobus  chrysochloria. 

Dorosomacepedianum  hetemram, 

Kotropis  lirus. 

PhoxinuB  flammons. 


FISHES   OF   THE   TENNESSEE    BASIN. 


57 


QBHlflftbia  Uoen. 
Ovpiodes  b&BOD. 


Bubalichthys  urus. 
Amta  calva. 
Acipeuser  maculosus. 

In  all,  twenty  species. 

knowledge  wilt   considerably  modify  these  lists.     It  is 

feotiable  that  Uio  aixteeu  Hpecies  in  the  first  list,  with  the  probable 

»p(ioo»  of  yoturus  eleutherns  and  Salveliuus  fonthialiSy  will  bo  found 

'1ft  lobatrit  the  lower  part  of  the  river  basiu,  if  Bought  for  in  ^suitable 

It  is  likely  that  the  tributariea  of  the  Tennessee  having  their 

io  the  Cumberland  Mountains  in  Alabama  have  the  same  fish- 

hmia  as  nmilar  streams  rising  in  the  Cam berland  Moantains  in  Virginia. 

Aboat  twelve  species  are  at  present  known  only  from  the  Tennessee 

Brer  and  its  tribataries.    These  are : — 


flsdroptcms  aaraotiaoas. 

ttaa)  oinerea. 

»ina)  tessellata. 
Xotboooiofl  vnlneratas. 
SoUiociotiw  mfiliueatas. 
FflwiUdithys  Jessiie. 


(Lcpiopomus)  bomblfrons. 
Albumops  spectrunculus. 
Hydrophlox  lacertoaus. 
Phoxinas  flammeus. 
Episema  leucioda. 
Ceratichtbys  monadins. 


As  we  go  firom  the  Alabama  to  the  Tennessee,  we  note  an  increased 
iCflBinblaaoe  in  the  tlsh-fauna  to  that  of  the  Ohio  a::d  Upper  Mississippi 
Ngiott.    Tfaa  following  are  some  of  the  Northern  or  Western  types 


D^ietimm^  £tkroatoma,  Pcecilichthyn,  LuhuJexthcs,  Zygonectes  (proper), 
Miemitremia^  OhrosomnJi,  PHoxinuSj  Flacopharytur^  QudgHilabia, 

COTTIDJ;. 
Genus  POTAMOCOTTUS  Gill. 

1,  POTAMOCOTTUS  MERIDIONALIS  {Oirard)  QUI, 
ickamanga  Uiver.      Also  a  single  specimen  from  the  Cave 


fipri&g  at  Camberland  Gap. 
(C^)  and  In  the  llolston. 


Abundant  in  the  French  13road  River 


ETHEOSTOMATID^. 
Genus  PEKCINA  Ilaldeman. 

9.  l^BCINA  CAPRODKS  {Ha/.)  Ord, 
^,p■n^l*rtX\y  abundant  in  clear  stroiims. 


58       C0NTEIBUTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY —lU. 

Genus  ALVORDIUS  Girard. 

3.  AXVOEDIUS  MAOULATUS  Oirard, 

Uus  maculatut  Grd.;  Hadropterut  nacmtaluw  Grd.;  EtktoBtowM  bUnnioidc$  Aj 
tte.j  Jleordin*  agpro  Cul>«  &  Jor.) 

From  the  Clinch  and  French  Broad  Uivers.    Also  abandant  in  the 
Ohickamauga  at  Kinggold. 

Genus  HADROPTERUS  Agassis. 
4,  Hadboptbbus  aueawtiactus  {Cope)  Jordan, 
Fi-euch  Broad  Kiver  (Cope), 

Genus  DIPLESIUM  Bqfinesque. 

5.  DiPLESiUM  BLEKMOiDES  {Raf,)Jor. 

Holston  and  French  Broad  Bivers.    Also  from  Cbickaniauga  Biver. 
Described  by  Professor  Agussiz  from  HuntsviUe,  Alabama,  under  tl 
name  of  Hyontt/ma  newmani. 

6.  DiPLESXUM  siMOTEEUM  {Cope)  CopelantL 
From  the  Clinch  and  Holston  Rivers. 

Genus  BOLEOSOMA  DeJTay. 

7.  BOLEOBOMA  MACULATUU  Ag<M9Uh 
(J3.  hrcvifinne  Cope.} 

Abundant  iu  the  Holston  Hirer. 

Genua  NOTHONOTUS  Agasaig. 

8,  NoxaONOTUS  ZONAUS  {Cope)  Jordan, 
HoIstoD  and  French  Broad  Rivers  (Cope). 

9.  NoTUONoruB  vxtlnebattts  (Cope)  Jot, 
French  Broad  River  at  Warm  Springs. 

10.  NornoNOTUS  butilineatus  (Cope)  Jot, 

French  Broad  Itlver.    Wv  have  not  examined  this  spedes  and 
preceding.    One  or  both  of  them  mJiy  po-rbups  belong  to  Pvecilichthi 


FISHES   OP   THE   TENNESSEE   BASIN. 


59 


Genus  PCECILICHTHYS  Agassis, 
11-  PcKClLiCHTHTS  JESSiJB  Jor,  &  Brayt 
Umu,  V«i1.  K.  it.  6.  eO.  2«1,  l«f7B,  227. 

Bodf  fa9-iforuj,  niilior  ileup  and  couipressed,  tht^  depth  5  to  5^  iu  louglbf 
tbfl  form  of  llifc  body  similar  to  that  of  P,  »pci;tabUi8, 

Ikad  ratb«r  large,  niodenilely  iHiiuted,  4  iu  leDgtb.    Mouth  rather 

imptt  tenniDal,  the  apper  jaw  slightly  loogest,  not  protractile.    Eye 

l«rge,  high  up,  3-3  iu  head,  about  equal  to  suout. 

Cbeeks  naked,  scaly  above :   oporclcs  scaly :    throat  uakcd :    ueck 

retcaly :  etCi^leit  medintu,  6—45  to  50-7.     Ijateral  liueiucotuplete,  but 

ifog  fnrtber  than  !xi  P.  rarUUu«  and  P.  iptciabilU^  on  about  35 

or  nearly  to  the  eud  of  the  secoud  dorsal. 

Fiu  Qtoderate.     Dorsal,  Xll— aboat  12.    Anal  II,  9. 

Color,  iu  spirits,  olivaceous,  with  about  nine  squarish,  bar-like  blotches 

4oQg  Lbe  8ides,aud  about  Ave  dark  cross- blotches  ou  the  back.    Dorsal 

ad  caudal  Qds  faintly  t»arred. 

U  hftf',  the  tish  is  ehestiiut-colored  above,  and  the  squares  ou  the  sides 

im  bfigbt  dark  blue  :  the  fins  are  mottled  with  chestnut.     A  dark  yel- 

or  orani;e  band  across  the  dorsal.    Second  dorsal  and  anal  with  dark 

golden  specklings. 

Several  sfteciuieus,  each  about  two  inches  long,  taken  in  Chickamauga 

KiTcr  at  Hinggold.    The  specimens  are  certainly  not  fully  gruwu,  aud 

U«eoloration  of  the  adult  male  is  doubtless  much  more  brdliant.    It 

be  at  ouce  distinguished  from  P.  variaiun  and  P.  spectabilin  by  the 

oi  the  upper  part  of  the  cheeks,  by  the  greater  development 

'tkelatenU  Hue,  the  more  numerous  dorsal  spines,  and  the  coloration. 

•ped«a  is  named  for  Mrs.  Jessie  D.  Brayton. 

Gonus  ETUEOSTOMA  llafinc^que. 
V£,  Etqeoutoma  placellabe  Rnfimnipie, 
Abaodant   lo   the  upi>er  waters  of  the  Tennessee  in  clear  rapid 


Genus  ? 


13.  (Etuko8TOMa)cikerea  Storer. 

Oneribed  hom  Florence,  Ala.    The  description  has  reference  chiefiy 
tba  colnrolion.    Neither  this  species  nor  the  next  have  been  reo- 
iphMl  by  any  author  subsequent  to  their  description. 

t'  4.  (Etueostuma)  tessellata  HtoTcr, 
Lue  I  riiiieaset  Hirer  ut  Florence,  Ala. 
. ^ _«z ---^- 


60      CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGT — IIL 

PERCID^. 

Genus  STIZOSTETHIUM  Eafinesqm, 
15.  STIZOSTETHIUM  viTRKUM  (Cuv>  &  Val)  JoT.  d'  CopeL 
Fonnd  by  Professor  Co|>e  \u  the  FieucU  Broad. 

16.  8TIZ0STETH1UM  SALMONECM  Raf. 

Species  of  thU  genus  occur  throughout  the  Tenuessee  Basin.  F 
tessor  Oope  ascribes  this  species  and  the  preceding  to  the  Free 
Broad.    As  we  have  seen  no  Bjiecinieu,  we  follow  his  identifications,  I 

CENTEARCHIDiE. 

Genus  MICROPTERUS  Lacepbde. 
17.  MiOROPTERUS  PALLIDDS  {Raf.)  QiU  <fc  Jordan, 
Not  UDcorumon  in  the  Tennessee  Basin. 

18,  MiOROPTERUS  salmoihes  {Lac)  QiU. 
Very  common  in  the  Tennessee  River, 

Genus  AMBLOPLITES  Rafinesque. 

19.  AMBLOPLITES  RUPESTRIS  {Raf.)  QHL 

Common  iu  the  Tennessee  Basin. 

Genus  CH^NOBRYTTUS  GiU. 

20.  Cb^nobetttus  ouLoeus  (C.  &  F.)  QiU. 
Lower  Tennessee  Uiver;  probably  common. 

Genua  LEPIOPOMUS  Eqfinesque, 

21.  LEPIOPOMUS  PALLmns  {Mitdi.)  QUI  c£-  Jor, 
Very  common  iu  the  Tennessee  Basin. 

23.  Lbfiopomub  onsouRUS  {Aga$9it)  Jordan. 
Described  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  Hantsvillc,  Ala. 
23.  (LEPIOPOMUS)  BOMBrPBONS  [Agattjtis). 

Only  the  type-specimens  of  this  speciea  are  yet  kDOw 


FI8EI£S  OF   THE   TENNESSEE   BASIN. 


61 


froa  DaiiUvii1&,  Ala.    We  are  unable  to  decide,  from  tbe  description 
iftod  A  MS.  drawing  kindly  forwarded  by  Profeasor  Bliss,  whetber  tbis 
b  a  Ltpiopomui  or  a  XenoHi, 

Genus  XENOTIS  Jordan, 

di.  Xbnotis  SAKQrriNOLENTUS  {Agtusvs)  Jordan. 
Originally  deecribed  from  tbe  Tennessee  River  at  Hantsvillo.  Wc 
aeco  no  specimeus  from  that  locabty,  and  are  nnable  to  decide 
^fMher  Agaasiz's  species  is  tbe  one  to  wbicb  we  bave  applied  tbe  name 
mfuimolmfm,  or  whetber  it  be  one  of  tbe  forms  of  tbe  Northern  A~. 

25.  Xenotis  insceiptus  {Agas9iz)  Jar. 

Os^inallj  described  from  tbe  Tennessee  Kiver  at  HantsTillo.    Also 
by  Profesaor  Cope  in  the  upper  waters  of  tbe  same  river. 

Genus  EUPOMOTIS  GiU  d  Jordan. 

26.  EupoMOTis  PAiLiDXJS  {Agossiz)  O,  c£  J. 
OrigiDallj  deecribed  fix)m  Qnutsvllle,  Ala. 

Genus  XYSTROPLITES  Jordan. 
27.  Xtsteoplites  notatus  (Affosaiz). 
Origioalty  d^aoribed  from  Huntsvillo,  and  later  found  by  Professor 
ia  the  Dpper  waters  of  the  Teriuessef*.     TbiH  Hi>ecies  may  be 
B9jt09t0tU  instead  of  a  XyHiroplites.    It  muob  resembles  tbe  Texan 
kanm  B.  &  C. 

SCLENID/E. 

Genus  ITAPLOIDONOTUS  Rafinesqm, 

28,  HAPLOmONOTUS  GEUNNIENS  Raf. 

AbandADt  in  tbe  Tennessee  Basin.    The  form  called  by  Professor 
AmUodon  conctnnH$  needs  re-examination  before  it  can  be  admit- 

ATHERINIDJE. 

Genus  LABiDESTHES  Cope. 

20.  liABlDESTUES  BI00ULU8  Cope. 

Ploirod  by  ProfcMor  Cope  in  Ooal  Creek,  a  tribntary  of  tbe  Clinch 


62 


CONTEIBUnOKS  TO  NORTH  ABfERICAN  ICHTnYOLOOY — IIL 


CYPRINODONTID^. 

Genus  XENISMA  Jordan, 

30.  XENisanA  CATENATUM  [Storcr)  Jordan. 

Origiually  described  from  Florence,  Aia.    It  ia  abaudnnt  iu  the  Ell 
Cliuch,  and  Holston  in  clear  waters. 

Genus  ZYGONECTES  Agassix. 

31,  Zygoneotes  KOTATU8  (iKq/*-)  Jor, 

Desci  ibed  by  Dr.  Storcr  from  Florence,  Ala.,  andcr  the  name  of  iVpri/i 
oUvacea,    This  species  prefers  still,  deep  waters, 

ESOCID^. 

Genua  E80X  Lintuena. 

32.  Esox  (OBASSUB  Agaesix), 

A  siiecies  is  recorded  by  Professor  A^assiz  nnder  the  name  of  ^i 
trajnius,  Tlie  description  ia  iustifflcieut  and  the  species  is  at  presei 
unrecognized. 

HYODONTH)^. 

Genus  HYODON  Le  Sueur. 

33.  Htodon  8E1.EN0PS  Jordan  <£*  Beon. 

The  original  type  of  this  species  came  from  the  Tennessee  Eirer 
Chattanooga.    Hyodon  tcrgUus  donbtless  also  occurs  in  the  lower 
of  the  river. 

CLUPEID^. 

Genus  POMOLOBUS  Rafinesque, 

34.  PoKOLonus  cnaT80onLo&xfl  R^f, 
Ahnndnnt  in  tiie  channel  of  the  Lower  Teiinoesoo. 


nSBES    OF   THE    TENNESSEE   BASIN. 


63 


DOROSOMATID^. 

Genua  DOROSOMA  liafinesque, 

35.  DOROSOMA  CBPBDIANUM  HETEfiUBUM  (Raf.)  Jor, 

Tbe  *^  Glzxanl  Shad  ^  is  abundant  in  the  Lower  Tennessee. 

SALMONID^. 
GoDiis  SALVELINUS  Richardson. 

36.  SAIiVELINTTB  FORTINALIS  (Mitchill)  Gill  &  Jot, 

ntfftpecietf  occors  in  abundance  in  Swanuanoa  River,  at  the  foot  of 

;BiHk  Ifoantain,  and  in  all  clear  tribntaries  ol'  the  French  Broad  in  WcsC- 

Xortb  Carolina.     In  Southwestern  Virginia,  it  occurs  in  certain  trib- 

auric«  of  Ibe  Ilolston.     In  Rabun  County,  in  Northeastern  Georgia,  it 

in  the  headwaters  of  the  Little  Tennessee.    Professor  Copo 

on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Hardy,  of  Asheville,  that  it  ** occurs  in  the 

Iwftters  of  the  Chattahoochee,  on  the  south  slope  of  the  Alleghanies, 

Georgia", 

CYPRINID^. 

Genua  CAMPOSTOfiLi  AgasBu, 

37.  Campostoma  ANOMAiitTM  {Baf,)  Ag. 

Vnr.  prolixum  Storer. 

Bverywhen*  abandnnt.  In  the  clear  pools  of  the  Swnnnnnoa  RiA-er, 
Cbe  foot  of  Black  Mountain,  this  fish  is  extremely  abundant,  and  the 
^Mciffiena  are  brdli^kntly  colored,  so  that  they  appear  to  l>e  lunii- 
or  pbo»phoro«C6nt  as  one  looks  down  on  thctn  through  the  crystal 


Genua  HYBORDYNCHUS  At^assijf, 

38.  FlYitoBEiTNcnus  N0TATU8  (Hc^f.)  Agom^, 

SancrooB  BpeoimoQA  from  the  Ghickamauga  River.    These  are  uar* 
fi»««r-b«Mled  than  the  common  Western  form  {IT.  superciliosv h  Coiye) 
v«iit  tbo  biirbel,  which  is  usually  distinct  on  the  latter.    It  is  not 
»le  that  Wfl  have  two  distinct  species. 


64       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — UI. 

Genua  LUXILUS  Rafinesqxie, 

39.  LuxiLUB  OOHNUTUS  {Mitch,)  Jor. 
Abundant  in  every  stream  examined. 

40.  LuiiLua  oocooGKNis  (Cope)  Jot, 
Abundant  in  eveiy  stream  examined. 

Genus  PHOTOGENIS  Cope. 
41.  Photogbnib  galaotttbus  (Cojpe)  Jor. 
Abundant  in  every  stream  examined. 

Genus  HYDROPHLOX  Jordan, 

42.  Hydbopizlox  bxtbrioroosus  {Cope)  Jet, 

»acril>ed  by  Professor  Oopo  from  tributaries  of  the  Holston.    I^ 
fers  boisterous  mountain-streams. 

43.  Hydbofulox  laobbtosub  (Oope)  Jor. 

Described  from  the  Holston. 

Genus  ALBURNOPS  Girard, 
44.  Albubnops  microstomus  {i2a/.)  Jor, 

Mlnnilut  mierottomua  Raf. 
B}fbop$i9  longUxpB  COPB, 

Obtained  by  Professor  Oope  in  tributaries  of  GliDch  Biver. 

45.  AuiUBNOPs  bpectbunculus  {€ope)  Jor, 

Obtained  by  Professor  Cope  in  the  Holston  and  French  Broad. 

Genus  Episema  Oope  t&  Jordan, 

46.   EprSEMA  LETTOIODA  CopC 

Found  by  Professor  Cope  iu  the  Holston  and  French  Broad. 
Genus  NOTROPIS  Rafinesque, 

{XatrcpU  et  m»uilit8  R«f. ;  AlbiumtUiu  Oir*rd.) 
47.  ^OTBOFIS  AXnEBINOXDEa  B^f, 

From  tribataries  of  CltucU  Biver* 


FTSHES   OF   THE    TENNESSEE    BA8IN.  65 

48.  KoTBOPia  MiCBOPTEBTX  {Cope)  Jor, 
»m  tzibntarieB  of  the  Holston  and  CliDob. 

49.  NoTROPis  PHOTOQENis  (Oope)  Jor, 
{SqwUiw  pkeU>0fmi»  Cope ;  PkotogatU  hmcop9  Cope.) 

L^randant  io  the  French  Broad  Hiver. 

60.   NOTBOPIS  TELESCOPU8  {Oope)  JoT. 

»Uton  and  French  Broad  HiTers  (Cope).    Also  abundant  in  £lk 
^«r.     If  oar  specimens  are  correctly  identified,  this  is  a  true  Notfopk, 
fltid  it  not  easily  distinguishable  from  JV.  photogenis. 

51.  NoTBOPis  LTfiUS  Jordan, 

Utile  spedes  abounds  iu  both  the  Elk  and  the  Ghickamaugo. 

Genus  HEMITREMIA  Cope, 

52.  HEaaTHEMTA  YiTTATA  Cope, 

ibed  from  the  Holstou  Uiver  near  Knoxville. 

Genus  CHROSOMUS  Rafine^gue, 
53.  Ghbosomub  sbtthbooasteb  Baf. 


led  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  Hantsvillef  Ala. 
ipecimens  from  the  Tenuessec  Uiver. 


We  have  seen 


Genus  PHOXINUS  Bafifiesque. 
54.  Phoxinus  PI^bchbus  Jordan  d  Oilbert. 

1,  Man.  Vort.  E.  V.  8.  ed.  2d,  p.  303. 

Avery  distinct  species,  resembling  "  Oite"  mar/^arito (Oope), but  with 
short  lateral  line  of  P.  neogceiu  Cope. 
'Body  stont,  rather  more  slender  and  more  compre8Be4l  than  in  P. 
U  the  form  being  nearly  that  of  O.  margarila.    Depth  4  in  length, 
)at  e<]nal  to  the  length  of  the  head. 
Urad  abort  and  deep,  smaller  than  iu  neogcputy  the  upper  outline 
inded,  the  muzzle  quite  blunt  and  rather  short.    Kye  rather  large, 
ia  head,  longer  than  snout.    Month  small,  oblique,  the  lower  Jaw 
Jting,  the  intermaxillary  in  front  on  the  level  of  the  pupil,  and  the 
(HftXillary  e-xteuding  to  op]x>8ite  the  front  of  the  orbit. 
SoalM  much  larger  than  iu  P.  neogimty  but  still  quite  small,  in  appoar- 
Boll.  N.  M.  No.  12—5 


66      CONTRIBUTION'S  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY IXI. 

ancf^  S'tnilar  to  those  of  the  species  of  Oilo  ;  dorsal  nod  ventral  regions 
scaled  ;  7-43-5.  Lateral  Hue  short,  decarved,  not  reaching  to  base  of 
veiitrals,  on  only  14  scales. 

Teeth  2,  4^5,  2,  as  in  P.  neogceutt,  withont  masticatory  snrface. 

Fins  small :  dorsal  well  t>ebind  rentrals:  pi'ctorals  reaching  nearly 
to  rentrals,  the  latter  to  vent.    D.  1, 8,  A.  1, 8j  the  latter  fln  rather  high. 

Coloration  that  of  the  species  of  CUjtostomns^  especi.illy  C.  margdriU 
(which  species, having  the  lateral  Hue  wanting  on  the  last  three  to  eigbi 
scales,  might  perhaps  with  propriety  be  referred  to  Phojcinwt), 

Back  dark,  the  scales  profusel.v  punctate:  a  dusky  band  formed 
dark  specks  along  the  sides:  cheeks  pearly:  space  below  lateral  lin* 
silvery  j  in  the  type-specimen  flashed  with  rich  scarlet-red. 

Length  of  type  2J  inches. 

A  UDgle  specimen  taken  in  Elk  River,  at  Estill  Springs,  in  company] 
with  Gila  estor^  which  species  it  much  resembles  in  color.  Phoxinu$\ 
fiamuieuH  hears  the  same  relation  to  P.  ncoga:ita  that  Gila  ettor  does  to] 
the  amall-scaled  Gila  elongaUu 

Genus  GILA  Baird  d  Qirard, 

(Sabgenns  OLINOSTOMITS  Oirard,) 

55.  Gila  XSTOB  Jordan  db  Brayton, 
JordaD,  Man.  Vert.  cd.  2d.  p.  300. 

A  large  and  handsome  species^  related  to  O.  tlongaia  and  O.  proriger^ 
but  well  distinguished  from  both. 

Body  elliptical-elongate,  rather  deep  and  compressed;   the  cand) 
pe<]nncle  long.     Greatest  depth  4  J  in  length.     Head  very  long  and  Iar| 
3}  in  length  ;  flattish  above,  but  not  wide.    Mouth  exceedingly  1ar| 
very  oblique,  the  premaxillaries  anteriorly  on  the  level  of  the  pupil,  th< 
maxillary  extending  to  op[K)site  the  middle  of  the  orbit,  and  the  len] 
of  the  gai>e  of  the  mouth  a  little  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  bead^ 
Lower  jaw  decidedly  the  longer. 

Eye  quite  larf;e,  less  than  snout,  4  in  head. 

Scales  small,  but  large  for  the  genus,  their  outlines  well  deflued,e«| 
cially  above,  &-50-5.     Lateral  line  strongly  decurved  ;  about  23  ucali 
on  the  back  anterior  to  the  dorsal  hn. 

Fins  high.  Dorsal  I,  8,  well  behind  vcntrals,  its  first  ray  nearer  thi 
caudal  than  the  snoat.  Anal  I,  8,  short  and  high.  Pectorals  falling 
just  short  of  ventrals,  the  latter  just  short  of  vent. 

Teeth  2,  4-5,  2. 


PtBHES    OF   THE   TENNESSEE    BASIN. 


67 


ivk  oUve  ftbove,  with  a  bluish  lustre,  zuany  scales  darker,  as 
<uul  In  this  genas.  Sides  somewhat  silvery.  No  dark  lateral  band. 
I A  broad  shade  of  deep  rose  color  alon^  the  sides,  below  which  most  of 
|lbe  belly  in  bright  crimsoo,  the  red  colors  brightest  auteriorly. 

Lfo^b  of  largest  specimeus  about  4  inches.  Numerous  specimeus 
frm  tbc  RIk  Bfver  at  Kstill  Springs,  and  from  Stone  Rirer  at  Mnr- 
ftvMboro'.  This  striking  species  resembles  most  G.  elongata  and  Q,prO' 
fi^.  Both  those  spttcies  have  much  smaller  studies  (70  to  75  in  the 
d  Itoe  in  elongata^  00  to  6o  in  proriger).  The  coloration  is  likewise 
itf  tbe  two  latter  species  having  a  dnsky  band  along  the  sides, 
le  anterior  balf  of  which  in  elongata  is  red  in  spring.  Q.  olcngata  is 
iich  more  elongate,  a8  is  also  G.  proriger.  The  mouth  appears  largest 
iaff.  tttor.  The  distinction  between  O.  proriger  and  6.  elongata  is  per- 
tafit  qoeAtioDabte. 

Genua  NOTEMIGONUS  Eqfinesque, 

66.   NOTKinOONTJS  OHBYSLOLBUCUS  {MU,)  Jor, 
OommoD  Id  Atill  waters  in  the  Tennessee  Ba^io. 


Genua  PHENACOBIUS  Cope. 

57.  PHBNAOOBTnS  TTBANOPS  CopC, 

ftatber  common  in  the  Elk  and  Ohickaroanga  River-s.    A  few  speci- 
CM  from  ibe  French  Broad.    Originally  described  from  the  UoUton 
■  VlrglDia. 

Gonus  RHINICHTHYS  Agassiz, 

58.  Bhiniohthys  obtusus  AgoMxz. 

{Bkinichth^t  lunaha  Cope.) 

miipeeiea  ia  abundant  in  all  clear  rocky  brooks  and  in  oatlcts  of 
ifirtnei. 

Genua  CERATICHTHYS  Baird, 

59.  CKEATICHTnYS  MONACHUS  Copv, 

AboBdaot  in  Cbickamanga  Biver.     Originally  described  from  the 

00.  CSttATICnTHYS  DI&SIUILI8  (KirL)  Cope. 
Obtalnetl  in  Elk  Biver. 


68       C0NTKIBCTION8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  lOHTHyOLOQY HI. 

61.  Obratiohtbts  winchelli  {Oirard)  Jordan. 

{CeraUckthyB  hyalinuM  Cope.) 

Everywhere  abuodaut  in  Tennessee  Kivor.    This  is  probably  Hyl 
ffracilii  Ag.,  the  ori^nal  type  of  the  genas  Hybop$i$,    In  that  case,  i( 
will  be  necessary  to  snbstitnte  the  specific  name  gracilis  for  winchelli 

62.  Cebatichthyb  biguttatus  {Eirtland)  Girard, 

Everywhere  very  abundant 

Genua  SEMOTILUS  Eafinesque. 

63.  Semotilus  coepoealis  {MiL)  Putn, 

Tributaries  of  the  Clinch  and  French  Broad;  chiefly  in  small  moant-j 

ain-streams. 

CATOSTOMID^. 

Genua  QUASSILABIA  Jordan  d  Brat/ton. 

64.  QUASSILABIA  LACBBA  Jordan  cL*  Brayton. 

Lagochila  laecra  Jordan  &  Bhaytox  (1B77),  Proo.  Ao.  Nut.  So.  Pbila. 

Two  specimens  of  this  singular  fish  were  taken  in  the  Cbickamaug( 
Biver  at  Kinggold  and  one  specimen  in  Elk  River  at  Estill  Simngs.  Ii 
the  Chickamanga,  we  were  told  that  it  is  quite  common,  and  that  it  it 
much  valued  for  food.  It  is  usually  known  as  the  "  Hare-lip  "  or  ''  Split 
mouth  Sucker".  We  have  lately  received  a  fine  8i)ocimen  taken  in  th( 
Scioto  River,  Ohio,  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Klippart,  where  it  is  well  known  to  tb< 
fishenneu  under  the  name  of  "May  Sucker^. 

Genus  MYXOSTOMA  Bqfines^ie. 
65.  Myxostoma  velatum  (Cope)  Jor, 

( Ptyvkottomui  co^foptiM  Cope. ) 

Obtained  by  Professor  Cope  in  Clinch  Riverj  and  by  ns  in  the  CbU 
amauga. 

66.  MVIOSTOMA  MACEOLKPIDOTUM  DUQtrBfiNH  (Le  8.)  Jor. 

From  the  Holstoo,  Clinch,  French  Broad,  and  Chlckamaaga.    Pi 
biy  generally  abundant. 


FISHES  OF  THE   TENNESSEE  BASIN.  69 

Genus  PLACOPHARYNX  Cope. 

67.  Plagophabtnx  oabinatus  Cope, 

This  large  species  is  the  common  "  Bed  Horse''  of  the  French  Broad. 
U  mich  resembles  the  preceding,  but  has  a  mach  larger  month  and 
Gpi,  besidee  the  different  dentition. 

Genus  ERIMYZON  Jordan, 
68.  Ebikyzon  suoetta  {Lao.)  Jor, 
Obtained  in  Olinch  Elver. 

Genus  MINYTREMA  Jordan. 

69.    MiNYTBEKA  MBLANOPS  {B^f,)  JoT. 

Obtained  by  Professor  Agassiz  at  Hnntsville,  Ala. 

Genus  CATOSTOMUS  Le  Sueur, 
70.  Oatostohus  niobioans  Le  8* 
Very  abundant  throughout  the  Tennessee  Basin. 

71.  Oatostohus  oommbbsoni  {Lae,)  Jor, 
Generally  abundant. 

Genus  CARPIODES  Rafinesque, 

72.  Oabpiodes  bison  Agassiz, 

tx>wer  Tennessee  River  {Cope,)  The  BubalichthyincB  of  the  Tennessee 
Rirer  are  as  yet  nnstndied. 

Genus  BUBALICHTHYS  Agassis, 
73.  BuBAJLiOHTHYa  UBUS  Agosiiz, 
Beoorded  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  the  Tennessee  Kiver. 

SILURID^. 

Genus  ICHTH^LURUS  Bafinesqm, 

74,  lOHTHALUBUS  PUNOTATUS  {Baf,)  JoT, 

▼■ar  alwnidant  in  the  Tennessee  Biver. 


70       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY ^IIL 

Genus  AMIURUS  Bqfinesque, 

75.  AanuBUS  natalis  {Le  8»)  QUI. 

Vat.  cupreus  [Raf,), 

Bather  abundant  in  Tennessee  Birer.  Other  species  of  this  genaa 
are  doubtless  common ;  bat  they  have  not  been  distiugoished. 

Genus  PELODICHTHYS  Bafinesque, 

76.  Pblodiohthys  olivabis  (jBa/.)  QiU  &  Jar, 

Abandant  in  the  channels  of  the  larger  streams.  Several  spocimens 
from  the  French  Broad. 

This  species  probably  occars  in  the  channels  of  all  the  streams  men- 
tioned in  this  paper ;  bat,  tom  its  habits,  it  is  not  easily  taken  with  a 
small  net. 

Genus  NOTURUS  Bafinesque. 

77.  NoTUBUS  ELEUTHERUS  Jordan. 

Koturut  deniherua  Jordan  (1877),  Add.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  T.  372. 

The  type-specimen  of  this  species  was  from  Big  Pigeon  Biver,  in 
Cocke  Coanty,  Tennessee,  near  its  janction  with  the  French  Broad. 
Many  other  specimens  have  since  been  obtained  in  Tar  Biver,  North 
Carolina. 

ANGUILLID^. 

Genus  ANGUILLA  Tkunberg. 

78.  ANauiLLA  YULaARis  Fleming, 

Eels  occur  in  Tennessee  Biver,  though  raiher  less  abundantly  than  hi 
the  streams  farther  south. 

AMIIDiE. 
Genus  AMIA  Linn<Bus, 

79.  AUIA  CALVA  L, 

Becorded  by  Professor  Agassiz  from  Hantsville,  Ala. 


K1SHE8   OF   THE    CUMBEBLAND    BASIK.  71 

LEPIDOSTEIDJ;, 

Genus  LEPTDOSTEUS  Lacepede. 
80.  Lkpidostbus  osa£Us  (/r.)  Ag, 
\\y  Abandant. 

81.  LKP1D08TECB  PLATYBTOSIUS  B^f, 

HantAville,  Ala.  {Agasniz), 

ACIPENSERID^. 
Genus  ACIPENSER  Agtmi^. 

S2.  AOLPKNSEB  HAOULOsus  Le  jSuevr. 
I,  Ala.  {AgoMizy 

83.  AciPENSEB  BUBIGUNDUS  Le  Sueur, 
Hautaville,  Ala.  {Agassiz), 

POLYODONTIDiE. 
Genus  POLYODON  LaccpMe. 

84.   POLYODON   FOLIUM   '^  Loc." 

Abmdant  in  the  riverclmntiels. 

yU. — WATEB-BA^IN  OF  OUMBEELAND   niVEB. 

Szty-flvu  Species  are  kuuwu  tu  occur  iu  Lhe  waters  of  the  Camberland 

Of  tbede,  forty-Heveu  have  bet^n  obtained  iu  the  lower  oourse  of 

rircr,  f.  e.,  In  the  vidoity  of  Nashville,  by  ProfetMor  Wiuchell,  aud 

StDiMs  ^Tor,  at  Morfreesboro*)  by  the  present  writers.     Id  tUo  upper 

!of  the Htruam, thirty-three BpecieH  have  beeu  obtained  by  Profeaaor 

Ib  ibe  South  Forkof  the  Cuuiberluml  iu  Teunessec  and  by  Prolesaor 

at  the  FalU  aud  in  the  Bock  Gastle,  Ruuud  8toue,  Big  Zjaurel,  aud 

ttibatiiriea  iu  Koutauky.    Oaly  flfteeu  Bpeoiea  are,  therefore,  knotm 

baeommou  to  both  tbe  upper  aud  lower  courses  of  the  stream.    The 

dilTureooeB  lietweeu  the  upper  aud  lower  faun»  are,  however, 

ly  rtry  Kiuall,  if  similar  streams  are  compared.    The  differences 

|Mj  esisCtug  are  pmbably  chiefly  duo  to  the  fact  that  the  large  fishes 

^>^tiDg  the  lower  part  of  the  river  are  auable  to  asceud  above  the 

CoBpAf  I  'Umberlaud  River  with  the  Teuueasee,  the  disappear- 


72       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHTOLOGT — ^OZ. 


ance  of  one  or  two  Soathern  types  will  be  noticed,  as  will  be  the  app 
ance  of  certain  forms  abandant  in  the  basin  of  the  Ohio.  Of  these  la 
may  be  noticed  P<eeUiohtkya  variatiu,  Apomotitty  Lythrunu,  and  i^itu; 
le8.  Bnt  two  species,  both  Darters,  are  at  present  known  only  &om 
Cumberland  Biver.  These  are  Ulocentra  atripinnis  and  Nothonotus 
guifluiu. 

The  National  Hnsenm  is  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Professor  "V 
chell  for  the  following  interesting — 

List  of  Fishe8  of  N<ishvUley  as  given  by  a  Ftshermatij  Daniel  A,  Birdiei 

A.  WinohelL 


"FEBOH  TBIBE." 


Sun  Perch. 
Ooon  Perch. 
White  Perch. 
Black  Perch. 
Red  Perch. 
Speckled  Perch. 
Brama  Perch. 
Bass  or  Bock  Bass. 


TROUT  TRIBE. 


White  Trout. 
Black  Trout. 


SUGEER  TRIBE, 


»• 


White  Sucker. 

Spotted  Sucker. 

Hog  Sncker. 

Bed  Horse,  creeks  and  river. 

Black  Horse. 

Carp,  creeks  and  river. 

Mallet 

"BUFFALO  TRIBE." 

White  BuffiAlo. 
Blue  Buffalo. 

*'OAT  TRIBE.'' 

Yellow  Oat. 
Blue  Oat 


Nigger-lip  Cat 
Chisel-head  Oat. 
Kerkin  Oat. 
Shovel-bill  Cat 

"MINNOW  TRXBS." 

Silver  Side. 
Stone  Toter. 
Homy  Head. 
White  Boach. 
Creek  Mallet 
Steel  Back. 

UISOELLANEOU& 

Thunder  Head. 

Drum. 

Jack. 

Chover. 

White  Chover. 

Gizzard  Shad. 

Skip  Jack. 

Tooth  Herring. 

Sand  Pike. 

Pike. 

Top  Water  (several  species). 

Gar. 

Sturgeon. 

Bel. 

Lamprey  Bd. 


KtSII£8   OF   HIE    CUMBERLAND    BASIN. 


73 


COTTIDJ;. 

Genua  POTAMOCOTTUS  GiU. 

1.   POTAMOCOTTCS  MKBIDIONAUS  {Ord.)    QilL 

Couiberlaud  liiver  at  Nashville. 

ETHEOSTOMATID^. 

Genus  PERCINA  Haldeman. 
2.  Pbboina  capbodes  {Eaf,)  Ord, 
[AbwnJaDC 

Genua  ALVORDIUS  Girard. 

3.  ALTOBDraa  MAcuLATua  {(Hrard)  Cope  d;  Jordan, 

\fnm  the  Bock  Gastle  and  Cntuberland  at  varioas  points, 

4.  ALVOBDiUB  PU0I0CEPUALU8  (NeUon)  Cope  <fc  Jordan, 

Tnsn  the  Cnmberbiod  Kiver  at  Nasbville.    Specimens  of  this  inter- 
ipecies  are  in  the  National  Museum  from  Marais  da  Cjsn^e, 
I  have  othera  from  the  Wabash  Biver,    Nelson's  tyi>e8  were 
Iliiaoifl  Biver. 

Qenm  DIPLESIUM  Jtafinesque. 

S.  DlFLBSIUM   BLENNIOIDES   {Bttf.)  JoT, 

ImiU  Fork  of  tlie  Cumberland  Biver  (Copo).    Also  from  Cumberland 
Birers. 

6.  DiTLBOTUM  smoTBBiTM  (Cope)  Copcland, 

tfae  Bock  Castle  Biver  at  Livingston,  Ky. 

Genu*  ULOCENTRA  Jordan, 
7.  UiyOCBNTBA  ATBiPnmis  Jordan, 

'  <ak  (1^177),  BolletiD  X,  U.  S.  Nat.  Miueam^  la 

•  !fti>ecie8  was  coHected  in  the  Camberland  Biver  at 
.     '.Asor  Winchell. 


74       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY— UI. 

Genus  NOTHONOTUS  Agassis. 

8,  NOTHONOTUS  CA^ciTRua  {Cope)  JoT. 

Professor  Cope's  types  were  from  the  South  Fork  of  the  Camberlan* 
We  have  seen  others  from  Wliito  River  in  Indiann,  and  from  Mikboiiin| 
Uiver  and  other  streams  in  Ohio.  This  species  is  not  identical  witi 
yothonotux  macuiatus  Ag.  {Etheostoma  macutaia  Kirt.),  as  has  been  so] 
posed. 

Nothonotua  maculatw  has  a  pointed  instead  of  ronnded  snout; 
jaws  uro  equal ;  its  mouth  is  larger,  the  body  is  more  compressed,  aai 
its  dorsal  Qu  more  elevated,  the  soft  ruys  when  depressed  reaching 
the  caudal. 

Specimens  in   the  National  Museum,  collected  in  Mahoning  Kiver  bj 
Professors  Baird  and  Kirtlaud,  show  the  following  characters  : — 

Body  moderately  elongated,  very  deep,  strongly  compresAed,  tl 
depth  4^  in  length.  Head  4  in  length,  the  jaws  equal,  the  mouth  U 
Eye  4^  in  head.  Spinous  doi*sal  with  a  long  base,  larger  than  soft  doi 
sal,  the  spines  high,  the  two  fins  slightly  connected.  Soft  dorsal  eli 
vateil,  the  longest  rays  when  depressed  reaching  base  of  candal,  tl 
caudal  peduucle  very  short  and  deep.  Caudal  fin  short  and  round* 
Anal  somewhat  smaller  than  second  dorsal.  Pectonils  and  ventri 
moderate. 

Scales  not  large,  58  to  CO  in  the  lateral  line,  which  is  contiuuou«j 
cheeks  naked :  of>ercles  scaly. 

Fin-rays:  Doraal  XlI-13  ;  A.  II,  8, 

An  elaborate  colored  drawing  of  a  male  fish  in  life  colors,  in  tl 
Smithsonian    Institntion,  shows   the  following  features  of  coloratioi 
l8  we  have  never  8f*en  this  species  in  life,  we  cannot  Toach  for  tfa( 
accuracy  ; — 

Back  olive;    belly  becoming  3*eJlowish.    Sides  and  back  proi 
speckled  with  earmtne-red,  the  blotches  rather  less  than  the  size  of 
eye,  not  round,  nor  arranged  in  rows. 

Dorstd  tin  with  a  dull  reil  stripe  at  base,  a  brown  interval,  then 
bright  red  stripe,  finally  margined  with  white.  Second  dorsal  di 
browu  at  base,  then  a  broad  red  stripe ;  u  broad  marginal  baod 
whifo.  Caudal  similarly  tricolor,  chiefiy  crimson,  with  a  broad  dual 
band  at  base  and  a  wide  white  band  at  the  tip.  Anal  chietiy  crimi 
with  a  terminal  band  of  white.  Pectorals  and  ventrnls  nearly  pli 
Head  olivaceous. 


FISHES  OF  THE  CUfttBEBLAND   BA8IK.  75 

9.  NoTHONOTUs  SANGUIPLUUS  (Cope)t/or. 
ID  the  South  Fork  of  the  Oamberlaud  in  Teauessee  {Cope}, 

Genus  BOLEOSOMA  DeKay. 

10.  BOLEOaOMA  MAOULATUH  ji^. 

D  the  Book  Oastle  River. 

Genus  POECILICHTHYS  Agassu, 

11.  PCKOILIOHTHYS  TAEIATUS  {Kirt.)  Ag. 

D  the  South  Fork  of  the  Gamberlaod  Biver  {C'tpe), 
Genus  ETHEOSTOMA  Rafinesque, 

12.  ETHEOSTOMA  FLABELLABE  Bof. 

ndftat  iu  the  mountaiu  tributaries  of  the  Cumberland. 

PERCID^. 

Genus  STIZOSTETHIUM  Eafinesque. 

13.  STIZOSTETHIUM  SALMONEUM  Bof, 

or  two  small  specimens  from  the  Bock  Castle  Biver. 

CENTRARCHID^. 
Genus  MICROPTEEUS  Lac^pMe. 

14.  MiOEOPTERUS  PALLIDUa    {Kaf,)    Q.  &  J. 

I  '<  White  Trout '',  as  this  species  is  often  called,  is  common  in  the 
erland.  It  is  said  that  this  species  and  the  next  were  not  found 
t  the  falls  until  introduced. 

15.  MiOBOPTEBUS  SALMOIDES    {Loc,)    6ilL 

i "  Black  Trout"  occurs  with  the  preceding,  and  is  still  more  aban- 
Genus  AMBLOPLITES  Eafinesque. 

J.6.  AMBLOPLITES  BUPESTKIS    (Ra/.)    QUI, 

ttywhere  abundant 


76      CONTBIBnTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMEBICAN  ICHTHTOLOG7— m. 

Genus  APOMOTIS  Rafineaque. 

17.  APOHOTIS  0TANKLLX7S    {Raf,)   JoT, 

Abaodant  in  the  Gamberland  Biver  at  I^asbville. 

Genus  LEPIOPOMUS  B^finesque. 

18.  Lepiopouub  faujsub  {Mit)  Gill  <&  Jordan. 

Very  abandaut  in  the  Gamberland. 

19.  Lbfiopomus  obsoxtbus  {Agauix)  Jor, 

Collected  by  Professor  Winchell  in  the  Cumberland  Biver  at  N 
ville. 

Genus  XENOTIS  Jordan, 

20.  XSNOTIS  MBaAI.OTIS    {B(tf.)   Jor, 

Abundant  in  the  Cumberland  Biver. 

Genus  POMOXYS  Bqfinesque, 
21.  PoHOXTS  znoBOUAoui^TUS  (Le  8,)  OrtU 
Collected  by  Professor  Winchell  at  Nashville. 

22.  POMOXTS  ANNULABIS  Bqf, 

From  the  Cumberland  at  Nashville. 

SOLffiNIDiE. 
Genus  HAPLOIDONOTUS  Rafineaque. 

23.  HAPLOIDONOTUS  OBUNKIENS  Rof. 

Abundant  in  the  river-channel. 

ATHERINID^. 
Genus  LABIDESTHES  Cope. 

24.  liABIDBSTHES  SIGOULCS  Cope. 

Abundant  in  Stone  Biver  at  Murfreesboro'.  This  interesting 
cies  was  named  by  Bafinesque  in  1832  Zonargyra  vireioens*  This  I: 
name  was,  however,  not  aooompanied  by  a  description,  and  thefi 
cannot  be  ^nployed. 


FISHES  OF  THB   CUHBEBLAND   BASIN.  77 

OYPRINODONTID^. 

Genus  XENISMA  Jordan, 
25.  Xbnisma  oatsnatum  {8torer)  Jordan, 
GoDeeted  by  Professor  Winchell  in  streams  about  Kashvilie 

Genus  ZYGONECTES  Agassiz. 

26.  Zych)NEGTBS  notatus  (Raf,)  Jar, 

Aqo  Gamberland  and  Stone  Bivers.    Bafinesqae's  original  speoi- 
MM  vere  from  the  Oamberland  at  Williamsborg. 

HYODONTID^. 

Genus  HYODON  Le  Sumr. 

27.  Htodon  tkboisus  Le  Sueur, 

Abondant  in  the  Gamberland. 

28.  Htodon  sblbnofs  Jordan  db  Bean, 

Two  or  three  specimens  in  the  IfTational  Museum  from  Cumberland 
Brer. 

CLUPBID-S;. 
Genus  POMOLOBUS  Bafinesqm. 
29.  PoHOLOBUS  GHBTSOOHLOBis  Bafinesqvs, 
Abundant  in  the  Lower  Cumberland. 

DOROSOMATID^. 
Genus  DOROSOMA  Bafinesque, 

30.   DOBOSOHA  CEPEDXAN0M  HETEBUBX7M  {Raf.)  JoT, 

Abondant  in  the  Lower  Cumberland. 

CYPRINID^. 

Genus  CAMPOSTOMA  Agassiz. 

31.  Oaxpostoma  anomalum  (Raf,)  Ag, 


78    cosmiBCTKUia  to  kobxh  ambbigah  xchthtoloot^iil 

Qenns  PDfEPHALES  lU^neague, 
SX  PmxPHAiJBS  PBOMXLAB  Bt^ntt^me, 
OMW«M  ^  PirafNur  Winobell  in  taribatarips  of  the  OamtMilM 

0«ttQ»  HYBOBE[TNCHUS  AffossU. 

Sk  EtW«HTXGHU8  HOTAT0B  (Bt^,)A$. 

Q^MHK  LUXILUS  Sqfhmiue. 
3C  tvntm  cnnnrros  IMU)  Jorimm, 

<«vtiui»  iniOTOGENIS  Cape. 

V  v^>  mUuiuImuI  vvw> vf bv««  ivt  tbie  Cunboluid.  Some  flpedmenii 
NHHbvtUv  hMvv  Uto  vMU^Itk)  tlu  i»aW  r«4.  This  qpedM  docs  mt  sec 
CHHmr  lu  tbit  iUiivK    l'h<>  ^ttotstioa»  from  that  ifvsr  were  foande 

;Ul   kMUtruUKNia  ANALOSTAKUS  (<?rd.)  J'sr. 
Kroui  ttt(«  iHiiutH«iluiul  »t  Naahville. 

UouuH  ALBURNOPS  GtrardL 

,i7.   A  I.UVKNOPS  MICROSTOMAS  (Ba/.)Jbr. 

VrttHi  (Ihi  Huullt  l<'ork  of  the  Gumberland  (Cope). 

<ionuB  LYTHEURUS  Jordm, 

m.  LvrnnuBUS  abdbns  {Cope)  cTor. 

|f^  UlillliiluMf  4tvm;vwhore  in  OumberlaDd  Kiver.  One  of  the  i 
^^IgfUfll^lii  MiH't^i*'**,  iiH  ft  a]>pareutly  does  not  occur  either  in  the  ] 

iluum  NOTROPIS  Eqfinesque, 

■•    Nf>'ntOPI8  ATHERtN0IDES(iJff/)t7br. 

He  Honk  Castle  and  other  upper  tributaries  of 


FISHES  OF  THE  OTTMBBBLAin)   BASIN.  79 

40.  NOTBOPra  MZOBOPTEBTX  {Oope)  JoT, 

Abnndant  in  the  Bock  GastJe. 

41.  KoTBOPis  TELESOOPxm  {Oope)  Jar, 
Btane  Biver  at  Marfreesboro'. 

GenuB  HEMITREMIA  Cope. 
42.  Hbhitbehia  yittata  Cope, 
AboDdant  in  Big  Lanrel  Biver  in  Laniel  Oonnty,  Kentucky. 

Genus  GILA  Baird  d  Qirard. 
43.  Gila  bstob  Jordan  ds  Brayton, 
Several  specimens  from  Stone  Biver  at  Mnrfreesboro'. 

Genus  CHROSOMUS  Agassiz. 

44.  OhBOSOMUS  EBYTHBOaASTSB  Ag. 

From  tho  tributaries  of  tiie  Bock  Oastle. 

Genus  NOTEMIGONUS  Eafinesque 

46.  NOTEMIGONUS  0HEYSOLET70US  {Mit.)  Jor, 

Common  in  sluggish  waters. 

Genus  PHENACOBIUS  Oope. 

46.  PHENAOOBIUS  T7BAN0PS  Oope, 

Taken  in  Bock  Castle  Biver. 

Genus  CERATICHTHYS  Baird. 
47.  Cbbatiohthts  disshulis  (Kirtland)  Cope. 
From  Cumberland  Biver  at  Nashville. 

48.  Cbbatiohthts  amblops  (Baf.)  Ord, 
From  Cumberland  Biver  at  Nashville. 

^.  Cbbatiohthts  biouttatos  (Kirt)  Ord, 
Bvoyvbeie  abundant. 


80       C0NTBIBUTI0N8  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHTOLOOT — IH. 

Genus  SEMOTILUS  Bafinesque. 

50.  SBUOTILUS  00BP0BALI8  {Mit)  Put, 
From  Book  Castle  Biver. 

CATOSTOMID-S]. 

Genus  MYXOSTOMA  Bafinesque, 
61.  Myxostoua  maobolbpidotum  duqubsnii  {Le  S,)  Jor, 
Common  in  the  Comberland. 

Genus  ERIMYZON  Jordan. 
52.  Ebimyzon  buobtta  (Lac.)  Jor, 
From  the  Cumberland  at  Kasbville  and  from  the  Bock  Castle. 

Genus  MINYTREMA  Jordan, 

53.  MiNYTBBlKA  MELANOPS  (Baf,)  JoT. 

From  the  Cnmberland  at  ^^ashville. 

Genus  CATOSTOMUS  Le  Sueur. 

54.  CAT0ST03iUS  NIOBIOANS  Le  H. 

Common  in  the  Comberland. 

55.  CATOSTOinrs  commbrsoni  {Lac,)  Jor. 
Very  common  in  the  Cnmberland. 

Genus  CYCLEPTUS  Bafinesque. 

56.  Cyoleptus  elongattts  (Le  8.)  Ag, 

From  the  Cumberland  at  Ifashville.    This  species  is  known  as  **  Bli 
Horse",  "  Gourd-seed  Sucker",  and  **  Missouri  Sucker  ". 

Genus  CARPIODES  Bafinesque. 

57.  Cabfiodes  cutisansbbxnus  Cope, 
From  the  Cumberland  Biver  at  Kashville. 


FIBHBS  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND   BASIN.  81 

SILURIDM. 
Genus  ICHTH^LURUS  Bafinesque. 

58.  lOHTH^LUBUS  PUNOTATUS  {Baf,)  JoT, 

Ytrj  abandant. 

Genus  AMIURUS  Bafinesque, 
59.  AuiVBUS  NATALis  (Le  8.)  Gill 
OoDected  at  Kasfaville  by  Professor  Winchell. 

60.  Ahittbus  nigbioans  {Le  8,)  Oill 
FhND  the  Falls  of  the  Gamberland. 
i  Genus  PELODICHTHYS  Bafinesque, 

61,  PELODICHTHYS  OLIVABIS  {Baf.)  Oill  d!  Jor. 

From  the  Bock  Gastle  at  LiviDgston,  and  from  the  Gamberland-below 
tke  Falls. 

ANGUILLID^. 

Genus  ANGUILLA  Thunberg, 

62.  ANGUILLA  VULGABIS  Fleming. 

Common  in  the  Gamberland.    A  very  large  specimen  taken  in  the^ 
fioek  Castle  at  the  month  of  Round  Stone  River. 

LBPIDOSTBID^. 
Genus  LEPIDOSTEUS  Lacepbde. 

63.  LEPIDOSTEUS  OSSEUS  {L,)  Ag, 
Firom  the  Oamberland  at  Nashville. 

POLYODONTID^. 
Genus  POLYODON  Lacephde, 

64.  POLYODON  POLIUM  "  Lao.^ 

ftom  the  Onmberland  River. 
Ball.  K.  H.  Ko.  12—6 


«i 


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*  Juit  rocelrcd  from  Uontgmnery.  Ala. 


DISTRIBUTION   OF   SPECIES. 


83 


mg  the  DUtribution  of  the  Spedet  in  the  Different  River-Baeim* — CoDtinned. 


1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

a 

1 

i 

1 

< 

1 

0 

4 

1 

< 

1 

+ 

+ 
+ 

1 

a 

p 

^ 
S 

1 

a 
3 

4 
i 

•be.J.  &B 

lervtt  Stor      .. 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

unlcApB,  Jot 

Bllmr«  Raf      

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

nlBtnm,  f  Ar)  Jnr 

N. 

Jor.  &.  Copcl 

-^ 

N. 

xna,  Grd 

+ 

SW. 

ra,  (f orbffl)  Jor 

<lulAtft|  Pntn  

\ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

N. 

k.  Scbninck  

1 

+ 
+ 

+ 

NE. 

trenm.  fMlLl  J  &.C 

KE. 

1   1 

+ 

...j...!--. 

N. 

1   (Raf  >Giil      .              

1 

N. 

ta,  GUI               

8W. 

lidns,  (Kaf.)  G.&  J   

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 

f 

+ 

+ 
+ 

noidea,  (Lao.)  Gill 

+  1  + 

orootia,  (Baird)  Gill              .... 

eatiia.  f Rnf )  Gill 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

aloaaa,  (C  &  V  )  Gill     

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

SW. 

IriiU*   (1/   it  V  1  Jor 

+ 

+ 

4, 

+ 

8E. 

n,.-    Hlfaf  1  <•  i  J 

1 

1 

+ 
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+ 

+ 

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+ 

W. 

tidna,  (Mlt.)  G.  &.J 

...'... 

+ 

+ 

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4- 

+ 

it«8   (L  )  Raf               

+ 

+  - 

+ 

+ 

SE. 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

W. 

>mbIfroDA.  Ac 

■|m   /R«f  >  Jor 

..J...I... 

1  __ 

J 

+ 

N. 

s.  Jor 

1     i 

i 

... 

.  1  + 
1 

+ 

N, 

+ 

1 

+ 

oUtns.  Aff  

In.   /iff  1  G   &  J 

.. 

■     ■ 

+ 1  + 
'1  ' 

+ 

+ 

oa,  (Walb.)G.  t  J + 

lonlfter,  G.  &  J 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

NB. 

+ 

1 



1 

+ 

.. 

+ 

mia,(Lac)C.&  V 

•■■■'■■-!•■■ 

8. 

lacnlatas.  (LeS.)Grd 

jii  Raf 

■\ 

+ 

..;...... 

... 

-h'... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
f 

+ 
+ 

Tnonlnnn  Raf 

N. 

MM  (Gitiiama)  DeKftT 

+ 

+ 

4- 

■M.  f  KMlI  Jor 

^ 

N. 

'^••.Cope 

... 

... 

... 

...L.i... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

N. 

82      CONTEIBUnONS  TO  NORTH  AMKBICAN  ICHTHTOLOGT — ^IIL 


RECAPITULATION. 


The  following  table  sbows  the  distribution  of  the  species  in  tbe  serea 
river-basius  especially  treated  in  this  paper.  For  parposes  of  compari- 
son, I  have  iutrodnccd  the  resalts  of  Professor  Cope's  explorations  in 
tbe  Koanoke,  James,  Nense,  and  Great  Pedee,  of  Prof.  Forbes  and 
Mr.  Nelson  in  the  Illinois,  and  of  myself  and  others  in  the  Ohio.  A 
few  unverified  species  have  been  introduced,  but  all  doubtful  quotations 
and,  in  general,  all  "  guesswork '^  have  been  excluded. 

Table  shomng  the  Distribution  of  the  Species  in  the  Different  River-BaHnt, 


«. 

1 

1 

£ 

I 
1 

1 

i 

1 

f 

< 

1 
1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Lots lAonJitTiv.  OV'iUb.]iG[U , ,,.- 

+ 
+ 
+ 

4 

+ 
4 

+ 
+ 
4 

N. 

I^toiDoCaltii A  uafertillaDaUH,  (Gtil )  ^tlll 

4 

+ 

+ 

+ 

PntaniocnltuabpJrUll,  (Grd,)  QilL.., 

K. 

PJflur&li-Iils  nt'j>r*l''^''i  <^ot* „ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

Iqa  Tttti'a  ^CtypPtJ*>p  -■-- .,^. ,...., . 

+ 

v 

... 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

X& 

Prrciii.'h  rnnnltoLi.  Jar 

+ 

HW. 

Alvordiun  tn&ctnCfti]ia]uA  C^pc 

AlvunlLUH  ])hr)]t)c:f>p]i(i]iiH  {NuIil)  C.  ^  J -■ 

+ 

4 

.,- 
4 
4 

W. 

AlvonlLiii*  cmraiiftj  J.  &  D  --^-<. .-..-...-..  .  —  - 
AWonliT^i  ijuvlKMiniB,  Culu?    -- 

... 

... 

+ 

+ 

■  .-^ 

- 

Erlci»«iii:i  pvUIl-b.  J.  i  C ' 

itllpni.'r>nl:if:iipL'lnntli,  Jur '_.  J    .. 

JlftJritpti'niioamuLliiciiii,  iC(»pe>  Jor .'-.J   .- 

... 

1 

+ 

+ 

+ 

'- 

Jl.-HtiMiitcrnMil^rof.iKlfltiift,  Ar 

+  + 

-■ 

4 
4 

+ 

lEdoiitiitn:!  HbiminfiHi,  (Gnl.)  Jot  . 

l*l(icou.tra  uli'l[iiuiiU,  Jor 

... 

,, 

__ 

"1"" 

+ 

^ 

Sir, 

8W 

Dl|i1i>' -lutti  li|i'DiiiDiil<>!<   iTL-itJJor 

+ 

■■ 

+  +  + 

\W» 

Dlbk'iihiiii  f'JiTi'it'^nicii,  >t(^op(>)  CopAl  ......._...T 

.J 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

Dolt-ipjtumn.'ilniKti-jlf,  (Stor.)  Ac    -■ 

IJolfroittinin  iijiii'u].ilnm,  Aj; 

lUiilitHuiiiiii  H-'tt^iiM,  Cofie 

NiitlitiimrnFti'mlti'.  (Oip.  l.Tor , 

>"<iIh<«DMliiH  njju'ii'atu?!.  [Ivrl.J  j.\;r   

;N«iUi  initfu'*  initiimiFi,  iritfit-i  .rnf 

^'iithnniitn»«iripi'llini',  frn;i(«i  Jftr  --^ 

>'tilliiirmtiiH!  vnUirrntiifl.  tOo|ir>t  Jj(ir  ..,.. 

>'iinjinii!ilufi  lli'jljirtiiiluim,  J.  i  U 

:^'^Jth^1nl^t!I^  tDwriptu", -T.  &B .,.,.. 

Si"(i!li-iTiPPln*riiLlliiii':rtoK.  (t;<>p«I  Jor. 

rft"iilicblli>«Tjrliituii,  (Kirt.J  Aif 

rfL^lhi'ljlb.vftapi'cubilii*.  Atf 

■" 

' 

— 

+ 

4 

+ 
+ 
i- 

4 

+ 

-r 
4 

NW. 

'JuBt  rccoircd  from  Montpimcrjr,  Ala. 


DISTBIBUTION   OP   SPECIES. 


83 


TIM*  Atteimg  the  DUtributum  of  ike  Specie$  in  the  Different  River- Baeim9—Coni\nvieA, 


i 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

.3 

n 

a 

1 

i 

m 

i 

M 
s 
< 

H 
+ 

1 

1 

4 
i 

ftlfcl^JI>MlJ,  1     &,  B.... ...... 

1  Tiff  mi''  IfMHIVft,  ATilT                                     .    . 

mirBil  rfBrnWi  ?ttnr 

... 

+ 

+ 
-1- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

bMMb  HI  nnin  inrpa  iToir                       ...... 

Mi^lKballBfv  B*f                  ........... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

rif  tlt»ii[y«tiiiiii.  tl£l  Fnr 

lA. 

^tkjMmtm^Jnr.  &.Capd.,. --'.^ 

i- 

X. 

ikt^^i|Vii«.Qrd. 

SW, 

lUhcBBiiis,  iForbn)  Jor , 

1 

+ 

+ 

-I- 
+ 

y. 

liMHl^nia  Rrfhrffnfk                           

+ 

... 

.. 

+ 

+ 

NE. 

KCkna  TUHam.  (Mic.>  J,  4  C 

JfE, 

NrtUaa  aalsiomniii,  Rif..... 

llitUBB  BuudflDM.  fSmlth)  Jot. 

... 

... 

- 

... 

... 

... 

+ 

N. 

■  C^tVODA.  fRftf-t  t^ltll                                ...... 

N. 

tf  tilcmiplA,  <t1II                              

S^K 

ipbra*  palUdiu  iUMt)G.&.J            ...... 

+ 

... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

niaw  aUlKOide*.  iLacI  Gill        ...... 

Ikvciboa  paraatiM,  lB«lrd}  GUI 

+ 

... 

- 

bolkbtt  itmeatrlA.  (Raf}{3lll 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

... 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
4- 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

b*lkw*  CAVlfrunft  Cchm                     ^^  ^^a. 

+ 

■" 

... 

... 

.. 

kttorttai.  rnlcuin  i^  A  Y  )  {ISU 

sw. 

■blltl—  illlilli    ir    A-YI.Inr          

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

— 

+ 

+ 

SB. 

■aii«e7VHUo«.<BAr.)a*J 

PJMia*  IwUldun.^  (Ult.)  ii.  &  J 

W. 

ifmnt  ificbjron,  J.  k  N^ 

■fhthOa  bnrilTik    ifTi  1  Hftf 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

- 

+ 

+ 

... 

... 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

SE. 

W. 

J 

itia:^nloCl«.  (RafWor 

\ 

K. 

4)1  Mtnaliw.  Jot 

■rifljTtbrocbioH',  Jcir 

Kii  iBierHituA.  (Ag.t  Jur 

" 

'" 

" 

1. 


... 

■- 

+ 

+ 

K, 

+ 

.- 

.- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

■npLio)  DotAiu.  Af:    .„.. 

■■■Hi  Tiafliiillni  f  \b  t  IS  ^  J      .   .    

- 

- 

'■ 

+ 

+ 

BM<iim»ii«.<W*lli|G.&J...    „..  .. 
■acBBtbaa  ploaljEin' G.  &  J  •,  ..,, ,,. 

+ 

— 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+  ... 

I 

-.. 

-. 

2fE. 

aaMhwmarRUQlU.Oni&Jor 

nRkiulrl4fwi,fUr}aAT 

mreku mKriipterun,  fLac.}  Jor.... 

+ 
+ 

■-' 

■: 

1 

+ 

- 

+ 

,,. 

+ 

... 

B. 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

■■^nn^uli  IK*' 

|i*n*woiii  jiiiiiniliiiiiii  ffif             .  , 

+ 

K. 

+ 

' 

+ 

+ 

'^iHiHteB  rlttrr }  iTm- 

1 

K. 

i<Hnwllll1UfcCop* 

... 

..., 

,.. 

.„ 

:j... 

r.- 

... 

,. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

N. 

84       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ^ID. 


Table  showing  tie  Distribution  oftheSpe<He»  in  the  Different  Birer'Ba»in$ — Continoed. 


^-a 

i 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

a 
1 

i 

a 
K 
m 

5 

1 

1 

J 

i 
1 

1 

a 

d 
1 

1 

+ 

e 

1 

a 

Fnmluliiadlnplijuiiia,  (Lo  S.>  Ag  .,.,,.---. , 

SonlBmaBTolliferuni,  Jor „, 

+ 

XRnls'raa.c.xtrnatutti,  iSlor.)  Jor ^**... 

+ 

Xvponocti**  dlftpnr,  Ag ..,,,...,*..- 

+ 

4 

Z>&mFct€»  nottll,  Ag ,„ 

+ 

+ 

^\)£iitiwtio%  □leLiD'opB,  Cope ......<*..... 

+ 

+ 

■+ 

— 

Zvijorn'claw  alrUalua,  J.  &.  IS.* .^.. ,  ^.,  ..*^„. 

-' 

... 

,.. 

■- 

+ 
+ 

... 

ZjFRoufclo*  i;iittaiui,  Ag 

ZyiiiiQfcieii  }*icn>plTpli1oae,  Xjfn *. . . 

+ 

4 

4 

2v(ii>tie<;t«  botntfiB,  ( kn f. Mor 

1 

inf. 

itfliUinrj  Umi,  (Kirt.)  A^ . , „.,.*.. 

3f  plinim  p^kuiieSt  {DeK.ijI  BAlrd    ... , ..  ^ 

+ 

+ 

— 

1 
"V"" 

.,. 

.,. 

JT. 

Amhl,Mtj)iifj|  ftpalfcua,  l^vKuy... ^««.. 

... 

.., 

" 

•" 

... 

+ 

+ 
+ 

'■' 

Clioi«pHBU'r3K?8Hlr1,Pma , „ 

Emx  reliculatuii,  L*a . 

+■ 

•■' 

+ 

- 

+ 

... 

+ 

-.. 

+ 

... 

1ft. 

Es-.PS  (nivfurli,  IIolbr.> ..,.,„,.,„„,,.... 

... 

+ 
+ 

4 
4 
4 
4 

4 

4 
4 
4 
+ 
4 
4 
4 
-f 

+ 

E*i»  (craMTw,  Atf.^ , , , , , 

TS. 

Eons  cjphOi  Copo ,*-.»..,»..,,...>..,. 

Ennx Inciu.  L .,.,,.„ 

,., 

- 

.., 

— 

... 

rnvDpslBgatbitiu,  Ag  ....^ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
4 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
4 
4 
4 
4 

K. 

SilTeKnoifiJiUlnaJlii,  mit)  Gill  &  Jor,..,..., 
Corefionui  arteJi  niKo,  Jor.  -,..,- , 

4 

+ 

... 

+ 

„ 

,.. 

... 

K. 

Hvofloti  ler^^fSDv,  L[^  S -i.^-       .         ,,,         .... 

; 

+ 

+ 
■+ 
+ 
4 

17. 

llyoi]oii  acloQCipA,  Jor.  itSeau i... 

IhiruH-iiuA  wpcMlianniu  lu'ierurutD,  (IlaDJw:  .. 

PciuoS.biiB  <-br>-fcM:lilnTlf*.  Kaf 

Caiiit»uHtuina,  artomalum,  (Kaf.)  Ag 

flvbo-'iialliiiH  nrjTyri.ttfl  dnl 

+ 

+ 

;: 

+■ 

-' 

+  ... 

J. 

... 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

4 

W. 

lIvlKicniitbiiB  inicbfl,liii.  Aff -,,,,;, .,,.»,» 

'  i 

rttin'|jha1rB  pmHiuIaiH.,  Unt .....*. 

HvlKjrhvncbuH  DotJ^tt)^  iTtpf-)  A(C  . - ,  -,- 

... 

..'....... 

■■ 

— 

'■ 

-4- 

+ 
+ 

II \'l»>irLi>-iic htiA  £ii})(?rci]LOHii|i.  Cf  pO- 

1 

' 

Krh-yiiilm  btn'catii,  C(ijh> ..,.„...,,.... 

I'balfisi^nLH  [:&ljictiiruii,  tt^»T>f)  J<*r    <.-.-.'  ,...,- 

riiutrr^^l'llid  ADiiiimtabHti  ((rriL>  Jirr........ 

rbnim;i"iiA  li'UffmiiM  J.  dc  B  ......... .^. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

— 

,::.::: 

■f 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

N. 

4. 

r 

+ 

... 

.. 

4- 

4 

+ 

' Zsufone.tf*  atrilatiiji.  »p,  diiv.— A  uliort,  thlck-fet  upecii's,  retat^'d  to  7.  m^taflop*  Copo.  Bfidy  dM 
nod  Hifiut,  coiDpresseil,  eKpt-cially  postrriitrly,  tlie  depth  aliout  4  tinien  in  the  length  to  base  of  caadi 
Head  moderate,  3|  tiiiii'ti  in  letiuth.  tnmlcraU-ly  brii.id  and  Unttcned  nbnve,  the  mootb  of  tbe  ordUu: 
ftort.  Durwil  Ad  well  brtck,  nioder;iti>ly  bif^h,  of  aboat  >i  rayH;  annt  larf;or  thnn  the  doraal,  with  miwi 
r.iyic  vfulrnl  Odh  qiiitv  nmall,  uut  rcnrliin^  quiti^  to  tbe  nnal :  pectoral  tins  Rmftll:  cand^l  fin  ronndc 
of  ihrt  usnnl  form :  Bcnlnii  larKi^,  in  about  30  tratiavt>riH^  Hcricn. 

('uloiiition  dullulix-e;  no  striiics  uor  bars :  BcalPH  uliglitly  dark-rdned:  each  Rldu  vlth  alargejet*blw 
blotL-h  on  the  sldoa  of  the  body  Junt  above  nod  nonicwbat  in  frout  of  the  vent:  doTMl  and  uial  ft 
speckled. 

Nmiieroun  specimens,  1)  to  1}  inches  in  length,  nearly  all  females,  distended  with  fpawii.  In  •!].€ 
hlick  side-blotch  is  vory  dUtlnct.  They  were  taken  by  Meesn.  Drayton  ud  Gilbert,  tn  tJMK«B 
Rirer,  Dear  Ooldaboro',  with  loa  vUrta,  Kotunu  tUutkenu,  Adiinu  NiMofti*,  ud  other  iiit««itli 
epecie*. 


DISTRIBUTION   OF   SPECIES.  85 

htkmriitg  ike  Vutrtbmiiott  of  the  Species  in  the  Different  ^irer-fioM'nff— Continaed. 


*^ 

^ 

i 

'S 

1 

1 

G 
+ 

.a 

4 

li 
If 

<  Z 

i 

.1 

i 

1 
5 

i 

1 

1 

0 

■ti  ■juMB.  iGnwil  Jar...... ...,-■ 

wiBHita,  fTftftn)  J-trr 

4- 
+ 

+ 

... 

... 

... 

Un  nbrkmcraii,  4Coti«}  Jar 

... 

- 

+ 

,,. 

+ 

-   -- 

ifes  lBfi|riiinU.  J- ^  B , 

+   - 

... 

-- 

... 

... 

itax  dkOliieiw  (Oop«|i  Jcir 

+ 

ikKehwcgBHiw,  Jot. „^ -...„,.... „„■ 

tin  nopffffritttalna,  Jor  , ,  ............ 

.. 

--. 

-- 

'■ 

-" 

...  - 

.  + 
^  + 

+ 

... 

... 

-. 

iUk lM<iiliniia  (Cuuts^l  Jot     ...  . ^  ... 

IP ipwtnDcnluA,  (Cape)  Jnr  ....,.,.. 

-- 

-■ 

-=■ 

- 

... 

...  . 

■'" 

+ 

+ 

IllMUJl*.  {Cope}  Jar 

+ 

+ 

... 

... 

-- 

.... 

-  *. 

+ 

». 

ff  nlidiiiiiii.  ilT,  A  H                 ... 

+ 

^  BOiJUtli    (GnlJ  Jot    ._- 

.dine<B!u.(lUf.)  Jot  ,,, 

.I«belllU,  i^K-}  Jw - 

irnlmifmAa,  (Cope)  Jot 

.. 

>.. 

+ 

j±.  . 

NX. 

... 

„. 

... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

ST. 

1  ■ictvpierj'C,  HCcfniJtiT - 

T 

+ 

liUcAtu*,  (6i4.>  Jot 

W» 

■hlpitaiila,  (Copc]i  Jof 

+ 

iMlIUv.  Jar  ..,.. 

4 

+ 

+ 

+ 
... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

iWilraeftnni,  fCrinrl  .Tnr 

1  pbo«o«vaU,  (CofK^f  Jot 

imAtatlBOs,  (Cdpr)  Jnr  ........,..,»,. 

■- 

-- 

+ 
+ 

.., 

+ 

■■ 

..^. 

,   + 

liTiH,Jar    -     ,,.,. ,_._.. 

+ 

... 

+ 

... 

-U 

Hdt^lmliu   IRaf)  Jor 

urnnT>  J  or 

V^i'irlioae'lma  iCop*}  Jar.. 

ftiiiMii^i   t^ln  t  -litr 

k    ... 

* 

TtlT^BfinK  ■Jot 

... 

■■ 

,. 

+ 

+  ■ 

OilvriMU.  J,  &  B.... 

orralrB  Jnr 

J. 

... 

... 

-- 

.... 

tricfaivtHtB.  J<n^.  AGLLben 

■- 

... 

... 

■'• 

■■ 

.. 

-  + 
4. 

nUii-Iln  JvT 

wligmaivwrn,  J^rr 

+ 

"■ 

+ 
+ 

4 

4- 
+ 
4- 

4 

klaudo^  Cnpp 

k  KBbrloap^Coin..-. 

... 

"■ 

,.. 

... 

" 

... 

t-  — 

HikTHUta^Cofw...,,. 

iPiateleradan^Cdpe.... ........... 

+ 

-h 
+ 

'- 

'- 

- 

-■ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

IIWfE-<U.Coi» - 

mH^iiiiiii^  Jqr.  fe  OiUbBit 

■CH^rEln.)  Jut.....,,... 

■i»*r.Coi». 

V  j  A.  n 

.. 

1. 

.+ 

■■ 

- 

-  + 

». 

■^^l*  (fi  *  V,i  Jm- . 

L 

+ 

4 

^«a*tTMbHi«a%(HlL)Jor 

i.: 

N. 

86       CONTKIBUTION8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 


Table  showing  tke  Distribution  of  the  Spicie$  in 

the  Different  fifivr-JSMiM— CoDtinoed. 

i 

i 

»5 

1 

1 

£ 

+ 

1 

1 
1 

i 

a 

1 

1 
< 

+ 

i 
1 

i 

i 

i 

1 

^ 

^ 

j 

1 

1 

.,. 

l^liftnacciblna  nrnuop^  Copa  .................. 

Pheoiw-obina  ■cofulfpraB,  (Cope)  Jor -. 

... 

..- 

-- 

... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

.„ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

,.. 

4 

+ 

w. 

HhitrWhtbvH  nnnntm,  (Ayrw^  An 

+ 
+ 

- 

... 

... 

■■ 

... 

+ 

K. 

... 

.., 

+ 
+ 

... 

... 

— 

U^rutichtlivit  iIlrtiimlllH,  (Klrt.)  Onl ..,,.,. 

4- 

+ 
4 

T 

f 

CeratLcblhja  Biuliio'iiH,  {JUif.)  Qrd              -i*   -». 

+ 

+ 

CeraHflbtliysruLrtrroBt,  Jor ,,,.„,— 

4 

+ 

Ceralicb tbya  fa jpaUiatiLA,  Uupe  . .. 

CerntitihlliyaW^ttiius<(Kirt.)Bnlrd., 

SemPtiliiAbTillATi*,  |li>iif«>  •^t)T  ,     , 

+ 

4- 
4- 

1 

+ 
4 

+    + 

+  + 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

JTW. 

Sai«otlJiiAn:ijrp<prall*>  (Mit.)  I'lit  - 

ETQ£)vMnm  tuaillltUii^i^  (Le^J  Hold 

+ 

-'- 

S%. 

goHMiliil«liilac«Tj,  .7.  4;  B...- *.. 

r  ■" 

1 

+ 

Piacitpliiirviii  «jiri«itftift  tjo'^o        ....,,.,..,--.. 

'. 

1 

+ 

+ 
+ 

Myiwit<>tna,vi>Iaiiim.  (lUf.)  Jgr , .., 

■■ 

+1  + 

1 

+ 

+ 

.., 

JIvio*t('iaaciiniih,  {Coui'j  irnr ., 

1, 

; 

+ 

- 

.. 

.„ 

... 

-- 

■" 

■" 

'" 

^yimtuion  L])nljul»i[ji]Ti],l{:i>pfMor  -■- ■- 

M\s<iHituniii  (li^liiMiHr,  !4'i>pL'')  .Tor 

:± 

-HI-. 

M'v  xoAioni-i  crawiiliibri-,  (CiP^io)  Jot  ...... . 

Myxi;«L  n)itcr<»tfl])iillaLuiii.  4L«H.)JDt.L'l  TiirH.. 

^\!i4wtu[ua  iiiiriftluni,  (Lr  fi  )  .Ifir 

Myx«>tilninn  riniBHrmti.  ^Ruf.)  J^>r 

Myx«*it'JtuttcUr><fiw,  Jor    

ilyxiMittiijiJitwrviiiiiiii.  (C(i|H')  Jnv 

ilvmstuioii  iijpillii*mn,  (Cupi't  J'>r .. . 

1 

+ 
+ 
+ 

- 

■' 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 

+ 
+ 

+ 

JL 

4 

+ 

+ 

-■ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
4- 

.. .  -1- 

w. 

KriiuyEOQ  aiici-tt*,  JI*ic.)  Jor.. _.. 

.J  ..  -i- 
f   .'  1...  , 

-    -r    -i-     f 

i       1       . 
1       •       1 

-  =  -1   -  .    - 

■             1 

llyi>ru[ilin,TD*'tt*«'mnini,  Jfl-r 

+  +i 

.:4j 

Ctttofttonmn  Iniipfriwirltt,  LfS 

C^cte]^turif]imi;A'a»,(Lt!S.linur 

t'arpitMleailiir.irmirt,  Cojin ^ 

* 'arpiwii>«  cuTlHaDMirJnoi,  Cfl;» ..,...,...„.,,.. 

CiiriiWili-rtvulifiT,  fltir,t  AJ,.., .-„..- 

LliiqijcHLcrtcirpiliunA,  tLc  S,}  Ag ^...> 

+ 

NB. 

lcI^lhJ■^^lKlllL^uballl^  (Itnf.  J  Ar 

Bubalkhthjii  cyiiavllDa,  (Nrfa.)  Jot  . ,  „ , ., 

.;; 

■• 

- 

'• 

• 

... 

•  I 

...1 

+  1+    w. 

DISTBIBUTIOK   OF  SPECIES.  87 

AUr  aktwUg  A«  DMriftnifoii  of  the  Speae$  in  the  Differcui  £ir«r>Banif  <— Continaed. 


1 

35 

& 

1 

1 

i 

i 

< 

^ 

a 

+ 

1 

1 

+ 

+ 

S 

4 
+ 

O 

Uita^orw  fonatu.  iC,  it  Y.)  Qm 

.,. 

... 

aw. 

UitelaRit  wba*t  tift,  Jut 

UMhslapupaDelattU,  {Eft/.]  Jor    ........... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 

+ 

T 

lwn»lbli|M,Ct>g  a)  Gill ........  ........ 

+ 

... 

+ 

l^Bqi  Vtreirentll*,  Co<p« 

AalBwalgneaaii^fLaS.)  GUI..... 

4- 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

4- 
4 
4 

4 

N.  A^&L 

A^mniwiallft,   (L«  S.)  GUI...... ....„, 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

i«toiH  rtrnt  {lO  f^tn 

+ 

+ 

i#m]aatbDGtil>bjaoa»  (Baf.)  GlIL........... 

fmimf.^^f]^^    (Rsf  ^J,  A'C 

w. 

ttAitfrnA  ibvioar^tijp,  iBollrr.t  Jar 

+ 

iMuna  platVcFpbalila,  (Grrd.>GlLI ........ 

+ 
4 

+ 

Aam*  broniwaiit  Jor,  .„..*._.-......, ...... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

IMkiilb}«  oliTwU,  iBaDG.&J ., 

4- 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

4 

4 

+ 

)NlVwtf*vaK  K«f  ......  , - 

K. 

S«BHitid£nluL(Klbh.t  G.  &  J   ...    .    ..     . 

4 

+ 

+ 

XE. 

teawrilH*  Nrli                    

nw. 

*•■■»■  WrttTUtllDt,  JtlT.  _  _ . , 

+ 

+ 

teoMofAtia^Jm 

... 

... 

... 

... 

,.. 

... 

... 

... 

+ 
+ 

: 

w. 

It  ■    ■     -  -1.—  1  Km'¥1,« ^   Jnr                        ..... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
4 
4 
^- 

4 

4 

4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

JHkraln.  I#                        

[nl^itrBa  nwrn«,  f  T ,  I  A  r         , .    , , 

+■ 

+ 

... 

... 

+ 

+ 

lifAdoitrni  pltttjntnnmin  Rnf 

\r. 

lAbikplfta[mlnla,  cLac-J  Jor. 

^4irh^iichiiiMpUt)rfayncliiia,(BHf.}0LlU.. . . 

N^viAi^Ei  fHi>Uiim,  Aucl 

+ 

+ 

Iri^vBr  TiilrirRniLii n,  Im  R 

kifvair  ifi.'h'iilf^iift,  f.A^ 

i»iMm[<i  itu  ii'M  nil  (Klrl:>              .   . 

ABbiLiFbn  ujimr  llbif  !i 

iamenM^^hfrmln  fGnl  |     ... 

TMBl 

3S 

Ifl 

"« 

Ti 

40 

Ti 

^ 

!fi 

la 

~^ 

"fiJi 

liiiui 

1 

From  the  above  table,  it  will  be  seen  tbat  the  number  of  species 
iobabiting  any  one  river-basiu  rapidly  increases  as  we  leave  the 
Atlaotic  streams  for  those  of  the  Gulf.  The  following  table  shows  the 
tfrangement  of  the  species  from  another  point  of  view — omitting  refer- 
ence to  the  range  of  the  species  outside  of  the  thirteen  rivers  included 
iotbU  table:   . 


Kdowu  only  from  th< 
Ofcio 


Speoies. 
30 
17 


Known  only  from  the — 


Tennessee 
Illinois... 


Speoies. 
10 
14 


88      CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ^HI. 


Known  only  from  th( 


Santee  .  

Altamaba  .... 
Great  Pedee . . 

Nease 

Chattahoochee 


Species. 
10 
7 
6 
7 
4 


Known  only  from  tbi 


Sp 


James 

Cumberland 
Boanoake  .. 
Savannah  .. 


Common  to — 

Ohio  and  Illinois - 

Cumberland  and  Tennessee 

Tennessee,  Cumberland,  Ohio,  and  Illinois 

Cumberland,  Ohio,  and  Illinois . 

Alabama,  Tennessee,  Cumberland,  Ohio,  and  Illinois. 

James  and  Nense 

Tennessee,  Ohio,  and  Illinois 

Alabama  and  Tennessee 

Savannah  and  Tennessee 

Alabama,  Tennessee,  and  Cumberland 

Great  Pedee  and  Santee 

Cumberland  and  Ohio 


8p 


Distribution  of  Genera, 


i 

1 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

J 

+ 

1 

1 
1 

± 

4 

^ 

1 

1 

1 
1 

4 
1 

1 

j 

1 

1 

■6 
1 

■+ 
+ 

1 

s 

l*to 

+ 

Umnf^u .....„..,, 

+ 

4- 

"^ 

-■ 

'- 

... 

::: 
... 

■- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

PotBlDCHWttBa  ..,,.„..„. 

Tan  rWra...  ....„„„ 

+ 

lYIglopil*...... 

AmmocTiTJla ..-.. 

PJo<imlepl« ..,, 

... 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

4 
+ 
+ 
4 
4 
4 

4 

-1- 

It*' .., ._., 

Perclna  .., ..,.„ 

+ 

... 

+ 
+ 

+ 

'" 

.. 

... 

+ 

AlTorrHiM ,  _. , 

- 

[' 

+ 

., 

+ 

+ 

4 

+ 

Er[w4mn,... 

ILlflrciirfjarufl ,^,. ___ 

IiBOBtoma , ^ 

+ 

Rboocryiica ,,.. 

... 

riooetilTa. „....,....„._ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

Dllilfffilnm   ., 

4- 

" 

+ 

... 

... 

_.. 

+ 

*IOA  (J.  &.  B.), gen. DOT.:  type  ItotHUMm  wUntu  Cope.    Xhfa 
by  the  pnMii«e  of  two  wal 


fs  geniw  Is  dlirtlBgttlihvd  from  1^ 
yMtor  ■otiliww  tif  tht  TTr*rnl  i 


DISTRIBUTION   OF   0£NERA. 


89 


DitMbutUm 

of 

O^^o— Ooatinaed. 

1 

+ 

j 

i 

4 
% 

1 

1 

'A 

1 

£ 

1 

+ 

i 

I 

+ 
+ 

1 

1 

V  ... 

V  — 

1 

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+ 
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g 

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+ 

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J 

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1 

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+ 

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+ 

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+ 

+ 
+ 

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+ 
+ 

+ 

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+ 

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+ 

PMIUEIUIB 

+ 

+ 
+ 

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+ 

+ 

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+ 

U  Uot^ 

+ 

+ 

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+ 

... 

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+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

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1    ^MU                                        - 

K  blUrhlkii 

... 

' " 

■  IlLZr-'"*""" 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

... 

+ 

... 

+ 

h  ... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

^ 

■  |*lMtflUiM 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

-f 

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— 

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... 

,-- 

I    '■•Wrw- 

.„ 

■     TVpfcUa,  .^_._,.,.  „,... 

' ' ' 

■  •• 

* ' 

.,. 

... 

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... 

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+ 

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.,. 

B*^*      

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'.'^. 

\". 

'1 



+ 

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/^J»U*«t]A  0»dMj,  gen.  HOT.:  ( 
■J^fa  tantif  ttur  uppw  )*w  pro 

IPIII 

JtUc 

iiF'n 

oth 
dl 

'I  I 
^(1 

kDA 

P»V  t 

an 
tin 

m 
Itir 

For 
1  vc 

ry  fff 

ebla. 

All 

DUB 

rom 

II 

in 

rtan 

m 

k  * 
iH 

lUi 
for 

90       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AHEBICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ^DI. 


Distribution 

of  Genera— Continued, 

.1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

it 

I 

t 

i 

B 

0 

B 
5 

1 

1 

'J 

E 

1 

J. 

+ 

4- 
+ 

i 

a 
U 

4- 
4- 
4- 

+ 

4- 
+ 
4- 
4- 
+ 

+ 

1 

+ 
+ 

+ 

4- 
4- 
4- 
4- 

4- 

+ 

E 

+ 

j 

4- 

1- 

CftmpwtoTBft  ,„.-.,.......,....  — . 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

— 

... 

+ 

+  . 
+  - 

4- 

T   . 
...   I 

+ 

^' 

+ 

... 

PlnH^tilmJftS.-.* ^s.^,^^.  ..*.... 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

4- 

+ 
4 

4- 

4- 

+ 
4- 
4- 
4- 

4- 
4- 

Hylwrhyaclins.,.,.-.^,,** ,.... 

LqxlIuii  (propet)  ..,,,. , 

FbutirgOQia .-    ......   .**. 

... 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

... 

-- 

4- 

4- 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 

AlhtmiDtM .., , ,,.,..-. 

IlDlkADAtlia  ^^ ..—  m.  ...>. «. 

+ 

... 

+ 

... 

+ 

Ljr  thru  ran.  ,....,.,».^^ ., ,,     ., 

+ 

4- 

+ 
+ 

+ 

4- 

CyprineJIa. . . . , „. 

Codom* *. 

+ 
+ 

... 

+ 

+ 

4- 

4- 
4- 
4- 
4- 
4- 
4 
+ 
4- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
4- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 
4- 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

EdLkuuv 

Fbt^QtbDOblUfl ..<..<............ 

+ 

... 
... 

4- 
4- 
4- 
4- 
+ 
4- 
+ 
4- 
4- 

+ 
+ 
4- 
4- 
^ 
4- 
4- 
4 
4- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
4- 
+ 

+ 
4- 
+ 
+ 
4 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
■1- 
4- 
4- 
+ 
4- 

4 
+ 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
+ 
4 
4 
4 
+ 
+ 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 

Ht^mJlrRmfa  . ... ,.....,,.  ...» 

+ 

+ 

... 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+  . 

+ 

... 

... 

... 

GtarodOQiiLft , 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

Glln ............... 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

4- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

: 

... 

+ 

... 

4- 
4- 
+ 
4- 

+ 
4- 

4- 
4- 
+ 

+ 
4- 
+ 
4- 
4- 
+ 

4- 

+ 

: 

4- 

lthiiiich1hr«...,,, ,. 

CenidcliChja ^ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

4- 

+ 

Sflnulilu* .*..,.*......., 

Ericymb^i ,.... ..._. 

t^iiopsilabla „ 

... 

... 

'^ 

... 

... 

'1- 
+ 

4- 

4- 

4- 

+ 

+ 
4- 

+ 
+ 

+ 
4- 

-t- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

^ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 

4- 

iliuj'ttum*  ...... ^ 

£!irimy2Dn        .**,           »., 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
■+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

PlLtllH^liftlllf 

C rcli>[i'tua  >.. ...m. 

+      .i- 

CarjiiodeB.   ...,,,,.,. 

+ 

... 

'" 

+ 

4- 

f 

+ 

4- 
+ 
4- 
4- 
+ 
+ 
■1- 
4- 
+ 
4 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

IchlhyabM 

Bubalicblb^... .....* 

4- 
+ 
4- 

+ 

4- 
4 
+ 

4- 
4- 
+ 
4- 

4- 

4- 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

ItfhrbiL'lu  ro*. ,.,.., 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

■;■ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

4- 

+ 
4- 

Pi-loiLJchthfft . 

Vu  mw»... ,...,... .- 

Atiiniilln^.. , 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

J. 

+ 
+ 

+  + 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

4 

4- 

+ 
4- 

■f- 

4- 
+ 

+ 

+    + 

1 

Lf|iit|DHtvai..><.^. 

l.lUitilet>ii 

Pulj^irti..-. 

+ 

1 

■  '■[-■■ 

1 



-*- 

... 

... 

,., 

... 

4- 

+ 

4- 

EiciLpblrbfnsbopA 

AmtdwiDtM  .*4.    i,  <^>............. 

if 

,  J  .. 

... 

... 

.„ 

40 

... 

... 

Toiftl. 

3S|32 

3S 

19 

dd 

10 

nn 

Id 

10 

" 

5Q 

SO 

«) 

«3 

• 

CONCLUSIONS. 


91 


OONOLITSIONS.* 

ifllhe coure<»  of  the  iuvestigutiuns  d(!t:iile(l  in  thin  paper,  Houie  light 

thrown  on  the  laws  which  govern  the  ilistribntion  of  fresh- 

t^fiHhwi  in  jfeiienil.    The  writer  haHcolhit«(l  the  known  facts  into  a 

|Merieji  of  ^netal  propositions,  which,  without  any  pretence  to  exhaust' 

i^wir**  or  to  originiility,  are  here  hrielly  st^ite*!.     It  may  be  preu»i»sed 

l^some  of  these  propositions  (ire  only  half  truths,  to  be  wore  coui- 

plrt«ly  Mated  when  our  knowledge  of  the  8nl>ject  shiill  be  increuHed. 

»f  th«  8tateinenC8  also  refer  chietly  to  the  smaller  iiud  non-inigrutory 

especially  the  EUwostomatida;,  Ccntrarchititr^  and  Cf/prinidtc.    Our 

[iMvlodgo  of  tbo  niDge  of  the  larger  CaUmtomUhc  and  SiiuriiUv  is  Ktill 

meagre. 

Fur  the  flmt  M'atenient  of  several  of  the  following  pioi>o8itioni*,  ue  are 

»WilhI  (o  Prole.Hssor  Cope,  who  has  ;ibly  diwiussed  the  Hubject  of  llio 

JkrihatioD  of  tlAbes  in  his  paper  on  the  Fishes  of  the  Alleghany  Uigioii 

•f  SoatUwi-tft  Virginia,  Jonrn.  Acad.  Nat.  So.  Phila.  18G^,  pp.  L'39-2-17. 

I.  lo  the  ca-se  of  rivers  rtowiner  into  the  ocian,  the  character  of  the 

of  the  upper  waters,  compared  one  with  another,  bears  no,  or 

wy  liule,  relation  with  the  places  of  discharge.     In  illustration  of  this 

may  note  (a)  the  similarity  of  the  faunro  of  the  Chattahoochee  and 

Mha,  a»  compared  with  the  Chattahoochee  and  Alabama.    The 

uf  Wiwionsin  ICiver  and  of  Ued  Uiver  i»f  the  North  are  very  similar. 

n.  Rivrr-baxlns  having  a  similar  discharge  into  some  larger  river  or 

kftve  a  similarity  of  fauna,  due  to  this  fact,  and,  in  general,  other 

i^be^ug  eriual,  the  nearer  together  the  places  of  discbarg*',  it' in 

9mtfTf  the  greater  the  similarity.     The  almost  identical  faunie  of 

CatAvba  and  the  Saluda  will  illustrate  this. 

IlL  Parallel  rivers  tributary  to  the  same  stream  have,  other  things 

Mng  n^ual,  more  fn  common  than  streams  coming  from  opposite  tlirec- 

Imi4.    The  Wutuisb  and  iMIarui  have  more  in  common  than  either  has 

Ith  the  Krntncky. 

IV.  Tbt*  bigfarr  or  the  older  the  water-shed  between  two  streams,  the 
spedea  are  common  to  both.    (This  matter  needs  lurther  iuvestl- 

10.) 

V.  Certain  sp4-oie»,  not  including  "species  of  general  distribution'^, 
00  oppositt^  sides  of  even  the  highest  waterKhtHls.     This  fact  was 

■  ed  by  Professor  Co  I  M».    The  occ!urrouce  of  Luxilu«  lutccotfenh 


partnf  thiBpfiper  iippearetUn  tbu.'Uucric.iti  Nntuniliat 
For  tUiH  |>.'ir(,  Prutinuiur  Jurdau  Itt  uluiie  n>8puii!iiblo. 


92       CONTHIBUTIONS  TO  NOHTU  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGT III. 


Uijdmphlox  rubricrocens^  PhoiotjetiiH galacturxtH^  and  CatotftoinuH  nitjtica 
both  ill  tbeTeuuessee  aud  SuvantiuU,  will  illuHtrate  tbis.    Neitberof  tH 
two  lirst-named  species  are  as  yet  known  froui  any  other  river  ba«tns. 

VI.  Wben  the  watersbed  between  two  streams  is  a  Hwainpy  tiplau 
instead  of  a  mountaiurango,  the  same  sjiecies  may  bo  found  in  tbe  bea 
waters  of  both,  although  the  8j}ecie8  inhabiting  the  lower  courHes  may 
difterent.     In  case  the  one  stream  tlows  northward  and  the  other  sonl 
ward,  the  common  fauna  will  bo  nearest  like  that  of  the  northern  etrea 

Tu  Northern  Indiana,  the  same  species  are  found  in  tbe  waters  of  Sai 
Josepb''8,  Manmce,  Wabash,  and  Illinois  Rivers,  although  these  str 
discharge  their  waters  in  widely  different  directions.    The  swampy  wa 
shed  between  them  is  often  overflowed  iu  tbe  spring,  affordiug  \jq 
smaller  fishes  au  easy  means  of  migration. 

yil.  In  any  riverbasiu,  many  of  the  species  inhabiting  small  str< 
are  different  from  those  occurring  in  tbe  river-channels.    Among  t 
brook  species  may  be  mentioned  Eucalia  incomiaus^  I'cteilichthjfn  spto(< 
bilU^  JiCHOtis   lythrochloris^   Xenisma   HteUifcrum^  Salrclinus  fontinal 
Erivymhn  htteoata^   SemoUlua   corporalia^   Chrosomua  crythtogasttTy 
species  qX  Ilkimrhthyti^  etc.    Of  channel  8\)ec\e8f  Jlaphifii>notv«^  HyofUm^ 
Dorosoma^  Poinolobus,  Roccvn  chryttaps^  all  tbe  '^Buflalo-flsbes",  and  tb 
larger  (St'fMnWfc,  Ichtha'hims  punctattigj   PvlodlvklhyH  olitarU^  Amiur 
uigricansy  and  the  like,  will  serve  as  examples. 

VIII.  Many  species  inhabiting  tbe  upper  course  of  a  stream  arc  difTer^ 
ent  from  those  of  tbe  lower.  This  subject  has  l)een  ably  discussed  by 
I'rofesser  Oojk?,  but  further  investigations,  especially  of  the  rivers  of  the 
Southern  States,  are  very  desirable. 

IX.  This  difference  betwet^n  the  upper  fauna  and  the  lower  is  due 
difference's  in  tbe  character  of  (he  river  itself,  such  lis  climate,  eonditi 
of  water,  character  of  river-bed,  supply  of  food,  etc. 

X.  Ilence,  if  in  the  same  river  basin  there  are  two  streams  tlowing 
into  a  larger  stream,  the  one  near  its  source,  tbe  other  near  its  moutl 
if  the  two  streams  are  similar  in  all  known  physical  respects,  The' 
faunie  will  bo  simil.tr,  and  if  dissimilar,  they  will  huve  diQ'erent  fuun 
Tbe  general  identity  of  tbe  faunee  of  Elk  River  and  PowelPs  Hi 
may  be  noticed  iu  this  coniieutiou. 

XI.  S»)me  8i>e*nes  of  (Ishes  are  contiutMl  strictly  to  a  single  riverbasi 
while  other  species,  with  apparently  no  better  mejins  of  diOusiou  or 
defense,  are  widely  distributed,  inhabiting  many  rivers.  In  illast-nitl 
of  this,  the  limited  ruugo  of  each  of  tbe  species  of  Corloma  way  be  oo 


1 

jr- 
he  I 

1 


CONCLUSIONS. 


d'6 


4« 


viilb  lfa«i  rangit  of  LtuiluM  ci>mutna.  Id  tlie  genns  Ceraiichthyit,  C 
flfM  probably  occurs  in  every  Htreaui  fr  iin  the  SuHqaebADoa  to  tbe 
(IimK  3.k1t  Liiko,  while  four  otlu«r  K[)ticii's  of  th<A  Haino  genus,  C.  micro- 
,  C  m(ma4ihu^^  C,  zHitanuiiy  and  C  labroam,  are  each,  so  fnr  aa  ia 
wn,  oonBnetl  to  n  Hingte  river-bnrtiu. 
XIL  In  any  river-baRiu,  the  most  abundant  species  (of  suiall  Hfthes) 
UiMlly  (a)  thoiiif^  peculiar  to  it,  or  {b)  those  of  the  w  idest  distribution. 
Hhtstrution  of  this,  we  tuny  notice  the  abundauco  of  Codvma  ptjrrho- 
Hiftd  yoiropia  photogeniit  in  the  Sauti'e;  of  Codoma  fttigmatura  uud 
M  eomutuJi  in  the  Alabiitna ;  of  Codoma  eurystoma  aud  Ceratichthyii 
Haimt  in  the  Cliattahoorhcej  of  Codoma  jrirnura  and  Kotemigonus 
mua  in  the  Ocmulgee.  To  thi»  rale,  however,  there  are  many 
ttioUA  and  modifications. 
XJU.  In  general,  tbo  further  south  any  river-basin  lies,  the  more 
art  peculiar  to  it,  and  the  greater  the  differences  betwt*eu  its 
and  that  of  the  neighboring  streams.  In  illustration  of  this,  the 
(ittmoces  existing  between  the  faunie  of  the  Alabama  and  Chatta- 
Wodiee  may  be  oompured  with  those  between  the  fauuto  of  the  Susque- 
huua  and  Delaware-.  Twelve  genera  are  known  to  be  common  to  the 
Itetaltooobee  aud  Alabama,  and  twenty-three  to  the  SuHquehaunaand 
0»Uvart>.  Id  the  Southern  streams,  the  process  of  evolution  of  specific 
fhKa  miemB  to  have  gone  on  more  rapidly.  This  matter,  however, 
further  investigation. 
.  Rpeciej^  of  the  widest  distribution  often  have  breaks  in  their 
aogie  which  cannot  be  accounted  for  by  any  facta  now  in  our  possea- 
tM.  XjusHum  comnttu^  so  abuudant  in  all  the  waters  of  the  North  and 
VTfrM.  doen  not  occur,  so  far  as  is  known,  in  any  of  the  rivers  between 
AftKensA  and  the  Alabama,  in  both  of  which  streams  it  is  ubundauL 
TtrioQfl  ajtecies  range  over  several  river  basins  and  then  cease  abruptly. 
isMmu  brunneuit  is  abundant  from  the  Sautee  to  theOhattahoocheo,  iu 
hiitvr  river  the  most  abuudant  f«x>d-lish,  while  iu  the  very  next  river- 
in,  the  Alabauiu,  it  is  unknown. 
XV.  Many  species  of  wide  distribution  which  are  absent  in  certain 
tNMBa  are  tbera  represented  by  certain  other  related  B|>ecies,  which 
■>y  be  nrgardeit  aa  modlHed  desceudantp.  Thus,  in  the  Bonth  Atlan- 
iKstreaius,  ClutMobryUuti  guhsm  m  represented  by  Cfuvtiohryttug  piri'rf/*, 
ma  ehryitoleHCUH  by  Kotemiyonttn  aitirriranuH.  In  the  South- 
Eitpttttuttiti  attrewt  is  representttd  by  Eupomotin  pallidus ;  iu  the 
Wtit,  .Vp/wriM  gyrinuH  by  Xoturwi  «fa'i«,  Noiuruu  inHignU  by  Noturua 


^4       CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AilERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY III. 


exilisy  yoturun  eleuthervg  by  Noturtis  miurus^  Melanura  pygmcca  by  Mt 
lannra  lim%, 

XVI.  Othor  species  under  similar  circnmstances  have  no  snch  repi 
seutativej*.    TIki  casu  of  Lvxilva  cornntns  will  agaiii  illuHtrutf. 

XVII.  Certain  species  have  been  known  to  extend  their  geo^apbical 
range  Hince  the  otieiiin^  of  the  cuiiala.    Such  are  more  eH|>eciaIly  thi 
mifjrratory  Kpe^iea  of  probably  marine  origin,  as  Doronoma  hrterun 
Pomohibws  chrysochlori^j  and  Anguilla  mtlgarin.    These  species  nn*  n< 
abundant  in  Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Krie.  although  formerly  unknot 
there.     The  i*ange  of  certain  Percidir  and  Ccntrarchititt  baa  undoubtedlj 
been  exteuded  by  the  same  tueaus. 

Will.  The  ctiunicteristically  American  forms  of  fishes  are,  geueralli 
spcakin;^,  rare  or  absent  iu  the  waters  of  New  Kngland  and  of  ihi 
I*aci(1c  slope.  This  fact  has  heeu  well  stuted  by  Trofessor  At^assiz,  \rh< 
culled  Nesv  Eaglaud  "a  zoological  inland ^. 

About  105  geuera  of  fresh-water  fishea  occur  iu  the  waters  of  tU4 
United  States  cast  of  the  Mississippi  Itiver.  iM'  these,  about  7G  do  m 
occur  in  New  England  (exclusive  of  Lake  Ghampluiu,  the  fauna 
which  is  neurly  i<Ientical  with  that  of  Lake  Ontario.)  Of  these  .'iO  oi 
lewer  genera  oceurrint;  in  New  England,  all  but  *S'«/rc/tHH*,  Comjom 
Ehox^  Semotiiun^  HhinulUhyH,  and  possibly  Amiurua^  nre  rcpre>cuti*d  b] 
a  single  species  each.  From  30  to  35  genera  ocour  in  the  waters  pf  tb4 
Pacitic  slope. 

XIX.  The  larger  the  river-baain,  the  greater  its  rnriety  of  forms,  botl 
;;enera  and  species.  In  the  little  White  Itiver  at  IndiunaiKTlis,  belouginj 
to  the  Mississippi  basin,  70  species,  represeutiuf;  -18  genera,  arc  kno^ 
to  occur — twice  as  many  aa  inhabit  all  the  rivet's  of  New  England. 

XX.  Other  things  being  equal,  a  river  whoso  course  liea  in  a  regi< 
of  undisturbed  stratifie*!  rocks  or  of  glacial  drift  rx)ntaina  moat  genei 
aud  species. 

XXI.  Conversely,  rivers  iu  regions  of  igneous  or  metamorphic  rock 
mtaiu  fewest  species. 

XXII.  Hource^  of  streams  on  opposite  sides  of  ahigb  watershed  oi 
have  species  in  common  which  do  not  occur  in  tlie  lower  conrses  of  tiht 

ime  rivers.     The  distribution  of  several  mountain  species,  as  Saivttu 
fnnUnaliM  and  Hydrophlox  mhricroccu*^  will  exemplify  this. 

XXIII.  Certain  species  have  a  compact  geographicud  range,  occuninj 
in  all  the  rivers  within  this  range,  without  ai>parcnt  regard  to  the  dii 
tton  of  their  tiow.    Snch  are  Lcpiapomun  oimcums  iu  the  Alabama^ 


CONCLUSIONS. 


96 


and  OnmberlauO,  and  AWumopg  mxcrontomus  ia  tbe  Jameis,  Boa- 
i*r,  Rmrnclcy,  Oumborland,  and  Cliach. 

XXIV.  Certain  8|HM*if»  have  a  wide  east  and  west  range,  without 
'ui  rt^gard  to  tbe  conrses  of  the  rivers,  but  are  bounded  on  either 
Dortb  or  the  south  by  parallels  of  latitude. 
SmMtia  incoHJttang  occurs  from  Western  Now  York  to  Kansas  and 
twmrd,  but  it  is  never  found  soutbwanl  of  a  liuo  passiuf;  about  fifty 
MWfb  of  Lake  Krie.  /Vtco/j«m  (fitttatm  hiis  a  lilie  range,  but  its 
tbfm  btmndary  i«  in  tbe  i'otomac  and  Oliio.  Lota  UicuHtria  Is  sioii- 
ly  drcamflcribcd,  but  ranges  farther  to  tbe  east.  Tlie  three  species 
xruruM  have  eaoh  a  l>elt  of  latitude:  L.  cjjatiocepfialne  belonging 
Great  Lakes  and  Upper  Mississippi ;  L.  tJipUnnivs  to  tbe  Ohio 
the  rotomac;  L.  ardens  to  the  Hoanoke,  James,  and  CumberlantL 
three  Hpecies  of  Hi/odon  are  stiiiilarly  arranged. 
XXV.  Ortuin  s|>ec*ies  have  a  peuuliiir  northern  and  eastern  range, 
log  iu  the  waters  of  tbe  UpjHir  MissisHippi,  in  tbe  headwaters  of 
niiuois,  Wabasb,  and  Sci(»to,  thenee  ibrougb  tbe  Great  Lakes  to 
Kugtand,  tbenee  to  Sonth  Carolina  on  tbe  eastern  slope  of  tbe 
tii^.    Sneh  species  are  Eupomotis  aurctts,  Perea  americana,  and 

XXVL  Certain  species  have  a  peculiar  uortbevu  and  western  ninge, 

iKmrtittti  Id  the  Middle  States  and  in  the  Great  Lakes,  and  usually 

««thw-»rd  ill  the  east  to  some  point  in  Virginia  or  Xorth  Carolina, 

i|r  in  tbf"  same  latitude  on  both  sides  of  tbe  AUegbauies,  but  ex- 

Ig  Bouthwestward  through  tlio   Mississippi  Valley  to  the  Gulf  of 

Aiuong  these  may  l>e  mi^ntioned  LnxUus  cornutus,  NotemifjonKJt 

teueH$f  Amhhpllten  ntpeitrint  Apomoti^  cyuneUm.    The  Inst-nnmcd 

lift,  however,  scarcely  ranges  e^ist  of  tlie  Allegbanies. 

XXVIL  Certain  species  have  a  wide  range  north  and  south,  either 

fwt  IK-  «eHt  of  tbe  Allegbanies,  but  do  not  cross  that  chain.    Of  ttiese 

he  mentioned  Lcpiopomus  auritua,  Enneacantkus  oheMns^  Eaoje  reUcxi- 

•-      11   ihr  e*i»t,  and  JIapioidonoius  gi'unmenny  Ift/odon  Urgisiia, 

'  i«r,  }i'vturn8  «ta/i«,  etc.,  on  tbe  west. 

XXVIU-  Tbe  distribution  of  fresh-water  fishes  is  dependent  (a)  on 

'WslH-  communication  ;  {b)  on  charaoter  of  stream,  i.  c,  of  water — .is 

'   rth,  raptJity,  vegetable  growth,  etc. ;  (c)  on  the  character  of 

I  i  (rf)  on  climate,  as  determined  by  latitude  and  by  elevation 

»fe  (he  Jim;  and  («)  fluAlly  on  various  nnkncwu  factors  arising  fiom 

Mnn»  or  p«st  hist<»ry  of  the  species  in  question,  and  IVora  the  geo- 

d  hUtory  of  tbe  rivers. 


A  SYNOPSIS  OF  TOE  FAMILY  CATOSTOMIDiE. 


Bt  David  8.  Jordam. 


Class  PISCES. 

Subclass  TELEOSl^EI 


Order  TELEOCEPHALL 


Suborder  EVENTOGNATHI. 


Family  CATOSTOMIDiE. 


OaA  Proa  Aaid.  Nat  Sc.  Pliila.  v.  13,  p.  8, 1861. 
Ooin,  Proc.  Am.  Ajbsoo.  Adr.  Soi.  t.  20.  p.  333,  ltJ7S. 
JoaOAX,  Man.  Vert  E.  17.  S.  p.  392,  1876. 

l£AnXK6Qt7B,  Risso,  CuviKR,  Bonapautb,  Gibard,  Busekeb. 
kSU  llKCKKI.,  A0A5S1Z,  Bleekkr,  GL^'THBK. 

TVdinily  of  Cato9ttnnifl(€f  or  the  "Snckera",  may  bo  briefly  defiued 
i^SeentOffnatkmtH  ^RhtB,  having  the  phnryugeal  le^th  peoti- 
ii  ft  siogle  row,  closely  approximated,  very  iiumerousf   and 
at  right  itngleH  to  the  direction  of  the  bone,  aad  the  iutermnx* 
iftruitig  bat  n  emitll  part  of  the  upper  arch  of  the  mouth,  the 
entering  into  it  largely  on  each  side.* 

■tag  Utm  elaburalK  diaj^onm  is  given  by  ProAaftsor  GUI  (Jolinoon'n  Uoi- 

ToLlvjp.  l&;4) : — "The  Imdj-  varies botwecuau elongfttvdnubcyUu- 

M  oblDDit  mora  or  IfiM  oomprewcd  contoor;  tbe  KalcMureof  medium  nr 

•1 ;  til*  lal«rKl  lino  is  geoerftlly  prM«at  aod  decarved,  bnt  wnue- 

So.  13—7  97 


98       CONTRIBUnOSS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAS  ICHTHYOLOGT — lit. 


Early  writers  ou  fishes,  as  well  as  most  foreigo  ichtbyolo^sta,  ba^ 
coDudercil  tbe  Socker»  as  forniiug  a  mere  tribe  or  subfamily  of  tl 
CyprinidtTf  wbich  group  buB  been  rariouHly  denominated  Caioat 
CatcsiomiHa^  and  Cat/miominw^  but  tbe  characters  above  uoted,  of  teet 
'mad  mouth,  f»eem  to  tbe  writer  to  fully  justify  their  separation  as  a  di| 
tinct  family.  Tbe  dorsal  fin  iu  Cato$t<fmid<t  is  more  developed  than 
asual  iu  American  C^-prtniiUty  although  various  Old  World  genera  shot 
similar  characters.  Tbe  development  of  tbe  lips  and  tbe  great  proti 
tility  of  tbe  mouth  are  features  usually  diaguostic,  but  in  the  geot 
QuoAttifabia  the  mouth  is  scarcely  protractile^  and  among  our 

fa  cortaiu  species  of  Pkenacobius  nnd  Ceratich(hyn  have  thicker  li| 
than  have  some  of  the  Catojttomidas. 

The  Catogtomida  fall  at  once  into  three  well-marked  subfamilies, 
indicated  by  Professor  Gill,  and  termed  by  bim  Catostamiiue,  Cycleptim 
and  ByhalichthyimB.    These  may  be  characterized  as  follows: — 

Catofttomina'. — Body  obloug  or  elongate,  sabterete  or  more  or  U 
compressed  :   dorsal  fin  nearly  median^  short  and  subqnadrate,  wil 
from  nine  to  eighteen  developed  rays:  ventral  fins  under  the  dorsal, 
Dine  or  ten  rays:  anal  fin  high  and  short, normally  of  seven  rays,  0( 
tbe  base  of  the  caudal  thnn  that  of  tbe  ventral  fins  :  lips  well  develo] 
usually  papillose  or  plicate:  gill-rakers  little  developed.    Genera 
labia.  Placopharynx^    MyxoHtoma^    Erimyzfmj    Minytrema,    Chaimi 
Catoxtomua,  Pantoateug. 

Cyc!eptin(v. — Body  elongate,  slender:  dorsal  fin  falciform,  of  about 
rays,  beginning  over  the  interval  between  the  pectoral  and  ventral 
and  extending  as  far  back  as  the  beginning  of  tbe  nnal  On :  ventral  fit 
10  rayed;  anal  fin  small,  of  about  7  rays:  bead  extremely  small: 
moderate,  with  tbe  exposed  surfaces  broad  :  fontanelle  entirely  obliter^ 

txtnvM  nl»«eut ;  tho  head  in  diversiform  ;  tbe  opercular  bone«  noniially  developMl ; 
nofltrils  double  ;  tbe  mouth  more  or  Ins  loferior,  and  provided  irith  flenh;*  atid  gei 
idly  pftpilloae  or  crenated  lipt ;  tbe  npper  Jaw  In  forcned  on  iht  middle  l>y  tti«i 
Knd  l»mellifomi  intormBxillaHoM,  nnd  nn  tbv  ftides  by  the  NapratDaxillaried:  tetttiii 
wantinf(  in  tbe  Jawi ;  tbe  pharyufceal  bones  are  developed  in  a  falciform  nuiDDtt.l 
provided  with  ■  row  of  namerotu  comb-like  teetb ;  tbo  branchial  ap«rtaroB  mn 
■tricted  to  the  aides ;  branchioatof^al  rays  three  on  each  side  ;  dorsal  variable  in  doi 
oprocnt;  anal  posterior,  and  generally  abort  and  high;  caudal  large,  and  more  or 
emargiuated  ;  pectoral  fins  low  down,  bat  lateral  and  with  their  rays  brancbad ; 
tral  tins  abdominal ;  tbe  intestinal  canul  in  ver>'  long ;  tho  slomaob  simplo  and 
tut«  of  pyloho  WDC% ;  tbe  air-bladder  is  largo,  nuprtrtected  by  an  oaMOOt  i 
Prided  by  transvorM  oonstriotioiu  into  two  or  thre«  regtons.'* 


CAT08T0MID-«: 


99 


by  tbc  nnion  of  the  parietal  bonee:  month  inferior,  with  thick 
Ipi^dlote  Up« :  j^nll-rakera  moderate,  Boft    Genaa  Cj/dejHus, 

lieA/Ayimr. — Body  stoat,  oblong-oval,  and  compressed.  Dorsal 
tte,  bej^iDDing  more  or  leas  in  front  of  the  ventral  fins,  und  ex- 
at  leant  aa  far  as  the  commencement  of  the  anal,  its  rays  20  to 
fn  oomber,  the  atiterior  ones  more  or  less  elongate :  ventral  ray:* 
\)y  10 :  anal  rays  8  to  13 :  Vead  stoat  and  heavy :  month  moderate 
small,  with  thin  lips:  fontanello  open:  gill-rakers  of  anterior  arch 
nder,  and  stiff  above,  {^rowing  smaller  downwards.  Genera 
r,  BvlmlichthifSt  Ichihyvbxut,  Myxocyprinu9. 


A*  the  rhfef  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  ascertain  and  make  known 
proper  nomenclatare  of  the  valid  genera  and  species  of  Catosiomifiaiy 
Iikall  omit  further  discussion  of  family  and  snbfamily  charncterB,  and 
at  onco  to  a  catalogue  of  described  species,  arranged  in  cbrono- 
ofder,  with  the  date  and  my  identification  of  each  species  opp«>- 
\X»  name.  As  is  the  case  in  nearly  every  gronp  of  American  fishes, 
nnmber  of  nominal  species  is  aboat  three  times  the  number  realty 
ig.  IC  will  be  QOticcd  that  the  number  of  species  which  1  have 
Icted  i«  in  most  of  the  Catostomoid  genera  fewer  than  has  been 
by  previons  writers.  This  seems  to  me  to  result  not  from  any 
theories  aa  to  what  constitutes  a  species,  but  from  the  fact  that  I 
bare  bad  a  greater  range  of  specimens  of  most  forms  than  any  previous 
writer  \xn%  bad.  I  am  confldent  that  in  the  presence  of  a  still  greater 
aHOQDt  of  roatcrinl,  the  characters  of  several  other  species  will  be  found 
la  velt  away.  To  indicate  which  these  species  are,  in  default  of  such 
aK&eriail,  woald,  however,  be  an  unprofitable  task.  In  this  group,  as  in 
ijr  others,  the  truth  well  stated  by  Dr.  Cones*  becomes  apparent: — 
^Wecaa  only  predicate  and  define  species  at  all  from  the  mere  ctr- 
»ce  of  misting  Unkg^  *  Species  *  are  the  twigs  of  a  tree  separated 
the  parent  ateaa.  We  name  and  arrange  them  arbitrarily,  in  de- 
of  a  means  of  reconstructing  the  whole  tree  according  to  Nature's 


Birds  of  the  North  vent,  p.  337. 


100    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGT- 

LUt  of  Jif^otninal  Species  of  Catostoniidte^  tcUk  Idcntijicatioi 


I^onuoftl  speciett. 


CypriDos  catostomus  Forsler 

*'i>  q/prin  comtnerBonien  '**  Lrbc6p£Mle. . . 

Cypriuus  sucettA  Lacdpwle 

Cyprinns  rostratns  Tileslus 

Cyprinns  teres  Mitchill 

Cypriniu  oblongUdMitchiU 

Catostoiuos  cyprinua  LeSueor ^.. 

C^toetomiin  gibboAtiH  LASoenr 

Cato8toRiiia  taberculntOH  Le  Snenr. 

Ciitoatomnfl  tuacrolepidottiK  Le  8near.. 

CfttnAtoionti  unreoluH  Lo  Suenr 

CfttUHtoinna  comcanuia  Le  Saeur 

CntoBtoDiiu  loDj^lrofltrUDi  Le  Baeur 

Cfttostonins  Digrioans  Le  tiaeur 

Catofttonna  uiacaloBUs  Le  Snour 

Catoatomna  eloDsatna  Lo  Snear 

CatostomnsTittatntiLo  Sueur 

CatoBtomuB  duqaesnii  Lo  8neur 

CatoBtomoa  bofitoDieneifl  LoSaear..... 

Catostomna  budfionius  Le  Suetu' .. 

Catofltomus  babalos  Raduesqae 

Catoetotuus  crytbruraa  KaGne«que..... 
Exogloaiinm  mncropU'mtu  Katiucaque.. 

AmblodoD  Diger  RallneDqiic 

Cycloptuu  nigrcsceun  Ratlnesque...... . 

Rntilus  melonurus  Rofiiiewiiie 

CatostomnB  auiatirun  Rafluvaqiie 

Catostomiis  auiKopteniH  RafuieAqao 

Cutodtomna  oarpio  Rafineaqne 

Catuetomna  vrlifer  Rafloesqae 

CfttosComuH  xantbopnh  Ratineaqne.... . 
Catoatomua  Rielanops  RaGncaque...... 

Catoatomns  faactolorU  Rafiueaqae 

Catoatomoa  flexuoaae  Raflnesqae 

Catoatoinufl  tnegastomuH  RatlDef>qDe.. . 
Catoatoiiiua  furttterianua  UiL'htvr^UuD. .. . 
Catoatomaa  Icauumii  Ricliardaon...... 


1773 

I80:{ 
1803 
im3 
1814 
1814 
lBt7 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1^17 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1818 
1813 
I8I8 
1819 
1819 
1830 
18^ 
1830 
18S0 

iftio 

1830 
1820 
1»20 

1820 

\fm 

1823 
1883 


Catotttomuh  loDgiroatria. 

CntostotuD5  toreo, 

Erimyzou  ancetta. 

(Catoatomua)  imtratiu. 

Catoatomua  teitm. 

Erimyxon  aacetta. 

Carpiodoa  oypriuaa. 

Eriuiyzou  aucctta. 

Erimyzon  anoetta. 

Myxoatoua  niacrolepldatmn. 

Myxofltoma  aunwlum. 

CatoatomaH  terea. 

Catoatomaa  louglnwtxia. 

Catostomos  aigncsua. 

Catoatomaa  Qigrioaca. 

Cycleptna  elongatoa. 

ErimyKon  bucetta. 

Slyzoatoma  tuaorolopidotnm  duqi 

Catootomas  tons. 

CatostOBiDs  longiroatrU. 

Ichtbyobna  bubalua.  ] 

Myzoatomaniacrolepidotnm  doqcu 

Catoatomas  nigrioaua. 

Babaltcbtbys  ap.  f 

Cycleptua  c1oiigatu4. 

Myxoatoiua  mocrolopidotum  duq 

Myxoatoma  aoiaora. 

Carpiodca  ap. 

CaqiicMlee  carpio. 

CitriitodM  velifer. 

CatufttumuH  uigricaiia. ' 

Miiiytrema  mcilaoopa. 

EriuiyKou  auoetta. 

CatoAtoniua  icrea, 

.1  mplh. 

Catutttomua  iungiroalriak 

Mysofttouia  aartwlam. 


'Ibid  a]>eclcfl  ia  qni>t4>d  by  IH.  UUiitber  aa  *' Cifprinun  commenonnii  Lac^tSpAili 
Uitvf  bcvu  unablo  to  c&uiinuu  Lac^pi-tlc'a  uriglual  noik,  but  in  tliu  ivpriatu  ol  u, 
pOM*d  In  bo  llt-ernl,  I  find  only  the  l^eiich  fonn, "  ho  Cyprln  CuuiuorM>uioD 
Lac<^pi>dct  really  boatowcd  a  Lntinfzod  specific  tioniD  on  tbr  fi|iecti», 
**  eommmoniantit"  abould  not  claim  priority  over  tcra  of  UitcbiU. 


LIST   OF   NOMINAL   SPECIES.  101 

\l  Sprf*ifs  of  Cniostomi<lw^  with  Idenlijicaiions — Continued. 


Xoodnal  ^ecdcs. 


(Catostomtu)  sacairii  Rich 

(Catovtomna)  retiCDlaloaRich. 

m  gCMdlu  Kirtland 

D«K»y 

D^Ray 

ooftlda  DftRay 

QB  pall  id  OB  DoRay 

Inngafgw  DaKay 

fiuoUttuLo  Sueor.MSS.... 

plMiIocrpfl  Voleuci^noea 

earpio  ValuacicaDM 

tilMii  ValenciennM 

oxpdnella  Valeocipnnca. 

faffSCirisoav  Acanmz 

Mtron  Agaasi/ 
latipitmiB  Boird  &  GirurU.. 


b*  taum  Ajpanix 


iritolm  Aganix 

»  VAooa  Aipuiix 

■  GOD^oitiu  Ijatrd  &  Girartl.. 

■  elarki  Daird  &  Gimrd 

•  Iwigab  Bainl  Jr.  Girard.. 

■  plebriaa  Bainl  At  Oirard... 

tamidna  Baird  &  Girud 

MCMcidmtaliM  Axrw 

■  BMidiii  AcaAfiix 

»  MoUeyi  Agaani  / 

AgMiri* 

AgMftiit 

Isbf*  ttlgV  AjCMRlt 

Arthy*  tebalM  A<ftMtc 

a  bonaMsa  AgMMix 

M  •ediltiiUll*  AgaMu 

MkMataa  Ajrts 

damalU  Glntfd 

|MgMl|nfti  OUard 

^^^^^ly^OlTard 

EterirV  I 

W"^  ""  utl.... . 

\  '"> 

v^cBiH  faMi>d«i«i  Gimrd 


Date. 


1836 
1836 
183d 
184:2 
1842 
l"t42 
184$ 
18.J2 
ld44 
1M4 
1644 
1844 
1844 
1850 
1850 

law 

1H64 
lt%4 
1854 
1654 
1854 
1854 
lRi4 
1854 
1864 
1834 
1854 
IH55 
1855 
1855 
1855 
1855 
1655 
1855 
1S55 
1855 
lfll56 
1856 
1856 

\im 

1K><» 
1H50 
1896 


Idmtifloation. 


Myxoetoma  anreolam  t 
CatoHtomtis  torvH. 
Catofitomttfi  teres. 
Erimjrsun  aaoetta. 
ErimyKon  ancetta. 
MyxoHtoma  macrolepidotum. 
Catotdomaa  teroa. 
Erimyzoti  aacetta. 
MinytrAtiin  melnuopa. 
Catostomua  iiif^icaaa. 
Myxoatouia  corpio. 
(Catoatouina}  rostratoa. 
lobtbyolfaa  bubalna. 
Catoatomos  teres. 
CatoatomuB  loDgiroetriB. 
Cutostomiis  l»tipinnis, 
Rubalicbtbyu  iirua. 
Uabalicblbys  sp. 
Canuodea  bison. 
Bubalicbtbya  ap. 
Carpiodea  oypriuus. 
Mj'xoiitoum  coDgeatam. 
Catostoinns  clarki. 
Catoatoiuiia  inaignts 
Pantoateiis  plebeins, 
Can"<><l^  cyprinoa. 
CatoatotooH  occidentalia. 
IcbtliyobuH  bnbaloa. 
Icbtbyobna  bubalna. 
Erintyzon  oblongna. 
CorpbxleH  thompaoni. 
Bnbnlicbthya  nriis. 
IlDbalirbtbya  babolua. 
Bnbalicbthya  nroa. 
Catoatniinia  occidentalia. 
CatoetomuB  labintna. 
Carpioilea  cyprinua. 
Eri[Dy/.ou  aucctla. 
Erimyzoo  sticctta. 
Miuytreniu  melaaopa. 
Eriniyzou  aiioetta. 
Myx'iatoma  albldum. 
MiDytroma  melanopa. 


^TlOz     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLO07V 
^m        List  of  Nomhml  tipeciea  of  Vatostomida^  with  IdentiJioatioHa — <■ 

^M                           Nomiaal  spocieB. 

Date. 

1 

Ideutiacatioo. 

^H           Cutoatoiuau  (Acoiuuh)  guziuaDetKuaGir. 
^H          CntoeUimuH(AooiuU!iJgoueroei)bGirard. 
^H          CatOBtomufl  (Acoiiidh)  grUouit  Girord.. . 
^H          CatoatomoB  (AcomiiaJ  lactorias  Giroxd. 

^H          Catoatomim  mocrncheilus  Giranl 

^H          CatoatomoB  Backlii  Girard. . ...... 

1856 
1656 
1836 

laV) 
I6ri6 

1856 
1856 
1860 
1860 
1864 
1868 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1H70 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1873 
1873 
1872 
1872 
1874 
1874 
1874 
1876 
1S7C 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1877! 

Catoatomos  latipiooia. 
PautoHtcua  gvueroatxa. 
Catuatomua  loogiruetria. 
Catoatomua  longiroBtria. 
Catoatomaa  macroohilna. 
Catoetoinna  terea. 
CatoBtomoa  oooidentalia. 
CatoBtomoa  teres. 
CaLofltoDiue  teres. 
Myxo<;yprtQDfi  aaiaticos. 
Myxoatoma  cerviaam. 
Dabalicbtbya  meridionalia. 
Placopbarynx  oannatua. 
MyxoBtoma  pApiUoaum. 
Myxoatoma  velatom. 
Myxoatonin  velatum. 
MyxoBtoma  x^dieaae. 
MyxoBtotna  corvguuaa. 
Myxoatoma  albam. 
Myxoetoma  thaloiisiDum. 
Myxoatoma  macrolopidoiaicr 
Myx.  tnacrolcpidotam  UoUry 
Myxosiotua  crottailabro. 
MyxoBtoma  unisura. 
Myxoetoma  conna. 
Car|>tDdea  difformui. 
CarpiodeB  catiaauHoriDaa, 
CarpiodeB  catiaanaerinne. 
Carpiodes  oyprioas. 
Carpiodes  carpio. 
Catoatomaa  diaeobolna. 
PaDtoeteDB(plebeiaBf). 
PantoaCc'OB  (plobeiaaT). 
Myxoetoma  cou(;estum. 
PaDtoateaaplatyrUyacboa. 
Pantoeteus  generoBua. 
CatoAtoiniiB  toroa. 
Dubaliobtljya  babalua. 
raiitotttcuB  vircaceua. 
Cbaamiattftt  fecuodaa.  ^^fl 
Catoatomaa  tvrva.         ^^^| 
Icbtbyoliiin  tiobiiUie.            V 
BubalicbtluH  ImliAlita,  ^^H 

^H          CntOHtomiifi  bemnrtliQi  Girard . .... 

^^H          CAtoHtoraiin  texanua  Abbott          ...... 

^H          CatoBtomna  cbloropteron  Abbott 

^^H          Carpio<lea  aniatictiii  nitifker  .  .....  .. 

^^^         TeretuluB  cerviutia  Cope...... ......... 

^^^^i SolerognatbuM  uieiidionalia  GUntber  ... 

^M         Ptyoboatomaa  pappillofina  Cope 

^H         Ptycbostoniiu  Yelatoa  Cope. .•••.■••«•. 

^H         Ptyc  bottom  UB  colla]>8iiii  Cope..*.  ..*... 

^H         Ptycbostomua  pidietuia  Cope.......... 

^^H         PtToboatoinuB  oorciroiiDa  Com........ 

^H         PtycbostomuB albuB  Cope...... .... .... 

^B         Ftycboatomaa  tbalasaiDOs  Cope 

^H         PtyobostoiDDB  robustus  Coin  ...... .... 

^M         Ptjobostomaa  lacbrymaliB  Cope 

^m        Ptyoboatomiu  orawilabrie  Cope 

^H         PtycboBtoiDUs  brovicepB  Cope  .... ..... 

^^1          PtTchoatoiutiB  couaa  Cooe. ...... ...... 

^^H          CariiLodea  difibrniin  Coo6. ..>.... ...■•. 

^^1         Carpiodcfl  crayi  Cope  ....  ......  •■•••.• 

^H         CarpiodeB  naniiuif«r  Copo  ...•••  •••..■- 

^H          CatoBlomua difti^obolua  Cope........... 

^H         BlinoniDa  dolpbiuua  Cope.... ...... .... 

^H         MinoDiua  bard  ua  Cope.... ............. 

^H         Ptycboetomua  bncco  Cope.... ...... ... 

^H        Minumna  plfttyrbyQchaa  Cope  .... ..... 

^H         Miuouus  jarrovli  Cope........ ........ 

^^1         CstostoiDOB  ulticulua  Coue. .....  ...... . 

^H         Icbtbyobns  cyautiUuaNolbon 

^H        CatoHtoinna  fectindiiui  Cope  4c  Tarrow. 

^m          IcbLbyobiib  laobyrua  Nelaon 

^ft         DubiiUcbtbya  altuaNeUon 

ANALT8IS   OF   GENERA.  103 

\tf  Xominat  8p0eie$  <^  Caiostomidw^  tcith  Ident{/icationa — CoDtinued. 


speowa. 


0AtO. 


Miry  opa  Jordan [  1877 

lyabohalianaJortlaa.. ..,,..    1877 


p<L*cUara  JonlaQ 

Uoom  Jonliui  Sl  Brnyton.. 

goodai  Jonlaa 

tMDM  atvopas  Jordan 

mroplnnU  Jordan 


Myxo«toma  earyops. 
BubaJichtbys  babala». 
Myxontonia  pn«iliira. 
QaoBailabia  lao^ra. 
Erimjzon  goodei. 
Catofttomnti  arroopna. 
Catostomas  ntropluDia. 


ANiXYSIS  or  OKMXRA  OF  CATOSTOMID.B. 

te  abcNl^  mibciaadrato,  %vitb  ton  to  eighteen  developed  rays:  body  obloog oc 

•lonsate:  giU-rak«ra  fovble.     (Cato^tomince.) 

\lh  alngulor,  the   upper  lip  not  protruatile,  greatly  cnloi^ed,  tho  lower  lip 

developod  aa  two  separate  lobea  :  operculum  very  nbort:  air-bladder 

in  three  porta:  ecolea  large:  fontanuUe  well  developed:  lateral  lino 

preoent:  pbaryogeal  bonee  and  teeth  ordinary QDAasii.afiiA|  1. 

nomukl,  the  lower  lip  entire  or  merely  lobed,  either  tubercular  or  plicate. 

in  tbree  parte:  lateral  line  oontiunoae:  fantanelle  present :  »calee 

Urge,  ftabeqool. 

igeol  boDea  rery  strong,  with  the  lower  teeth  macb  enlarged,  aaboy- 

lindrical  and  tmnoalc,  the  teeth  of  the  apper  pari  of  the  bone  small 

sod  eompreMed :  month  large,  eomewhal  obliqne,  with  very  thick 

lipe PiacornARYMX,  2. 

rhat^Dgeal  bonee  moderate,  the  teetb  compressed,  gradually  larger  down- 

wazde:  mouth  moderate  or  small,  the  Hiw  usually  plicate. 

Myxostoma,  3. 
i^  lir^iladdar  in  two  porta. 

iL  La(«ral  line  intermpted  or  wanting :  acalee  large  (40  to  CO  in  the  conrae  of 

the  lateral  lioo) :  lipa  plicate. 

*.  Lateral  line  incumpletf,  obsolete  in  tlie  young,  becoming  developed  iu  the 

adall>bat  always  more  or  less  interrupted:  month  Rmall,  inferior. 

MlNVTHFJAJt,  4. 

,m,  tAttnl  line  entirely  wanting:  moulb  somewhat  oblique.. Eiumvzon,  b. 
liAlefsl  litie  complete  and  continuous  :  scslce  small,  5.5  to  115  in  the  course 

of  tbe  lateral  line. 
/,  Fontanolle  present. 

f.  M.iiith  very  largo,  terminal,  obliqne:  lips  thin,  nearly  smooth. 

ClIASMISTKS,   6. 

Mouth  inferior,  moderste  or  small,  with  thick,  papiiloee  lips. 

Catostomus,  7. 

Jf,  l^mtane^e  obliterated  by  thounlouof  the  parietal  bones:  mouth  small, 

ia&rtnr,  with   thick,  papillose  lips,  the  lower  jaw  providud  with  a 

ctftiUginous  sheath Pantosteus,  d 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  JTORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOT — ^m. 

*  Doreal  flu  clongato,  more  or  1e«)8  olovat«<l  in  front,  of  about  ^  or  more  dovoloped 

mya  :  air  bladder  in  two  pArta. 
tFnntanelle  obliterated  by  tbe  anion  of  the  parietal  bones:  head  dbort  and  Amall: 
body  elongate.    (Cifcleptino'.) 
K  Mouth  amall,  iuforior,  with  very  thick,  papillone  lips ;  aoales  nuiall,  SA  to  GO 

the  eourao  of  the  latural  lino .CvcLKjTVS, 

IfFbotanelle  well  dovolopod  :  head  Iivrge  :  body  oblong  or  ovate:  BoaJm  huge,  35 
40  in  tbe  couibo  of  tbo  latoral  line.     {Bubaliekiti^iiaj.) 
{.  Ponral  raya  in  moderate  nnraber  ('24  to  33). 
j.  Mouth  oomporativcly  araall,  inferior,  protractile  downworda. 

k.  Pharyngeal  bones  narrow,  with  tho  te«th  comparatlTely  thin  and  weak. 

Carpiooes, 
ki.  Pharyngeal  bonoa  atroug,  the  teeth  comparatively  ooanw  and  large, 

creasing  in  mze  down  wards „ BuBAUCHTnTa, 

jj.  Mouih  qnlte  large,  terminal,  protractile  forwards :  pharyngeal  bonea 

teeth  modMmte :  lips  thin,  nearly  flmooth  ...... IciiTH  Yout's,  ll 

ii.  Boraal  i\n  very  long,  of  nbnat  50  dHvelo^wd  rays MrXfKYPKiNCft, 

Genus  QUASSI  LABIA  Jordan  <t  Brayton. 

Zfi^odkila  Jordan  &  BraYTON.  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phila.  280.  1877.    (Preoccupied 

ooDobology  as  Lag€H^HH$,) 
(^Muailahia  (JoitcvN  Sl  BnAYioN)  Jokdan,  Man,  Vert.  £,  U.  S.  ed.2df  401,  1473. 

Type,  Lagothila  Iticrra  Jordan  &  Brayton. 

Etymology,  iiuatuun,  broken  or  torn;  labia,  lip. 
Suckera  like  Mtfxo8t4»ma  in  every  respect  excepting  the  structtire  0 
tbo  mouth  and  o[>ercula.  Head  Khortish,  conical,  with  leugtbeued  snoat 
its  length  4^  to  5  times  in  that  of  the  body,  the  opercnlor  region  bein 
retluccd,aotbat  the  eye  is  well  backwards:  suborbital  bonefl  narrow:  ft 
tanello  large,  widely  open.  Mouth  large,  singular  in  stmctore,  inferi 
the  upper  lip  not  protractile,  greatly  prolonged,  closely  plicate.  Low* 
lip  much  reduced,  tlivided  into  two  distinct  elongate  lobe^,  which 
weekly  papillose.  The  split  between  these  lobes  extends  backwards  t 
the  edge  of  the  deuiary  bones,  which  are  provided  with  a  rather  ha 
horny  plate,  as  in  Pantosteus,  The  lower  lip  is  entirely  separated  I 
tbo  upper  at  the  angles  by  a  deep  fissure.  Tho  skin  of  the  cbee' 
fonns  a  w»rt  of  cloak  over  this  fissure,  the  crease  separating  this  ski 
from  the  month  extending  up  on  the  sides  of  the  mozzle.  The 
between  the  lips  extends  down  on  the  under  side  of  the  head.  Sy« 
ot  mnciferons  tubes  well  developed. 

Pbarynpeal  bones  not  dissimilar  from  the  usual  typo  in  Myjtyjttn 
rather  weak,  with  numerous  small  t^th. 

Body  elongate,  not  much  compressed,  not  elcrnted.    Flna  modcrauv 
of  prooisely  the  t>'|»e  usual  in  Mjfjcwiioma. 


:daaH=MMM£tti 


J 


GENUS    QUASBtLABIA.  105 

S  prcciaely  as  in  Myxontomay  the  lateral  line  vrel)  dovelopud 
and  OMriy  atrfti^bt.,  with  iiboat  45  scales  ia  its  course. 

Air-binddrr  iu  tbivo  piirtn. 

8aoa]  pecuIiantieHaiiknoTC^n  ;  probably  little  marked. 

But  a  singk'  Ri>eicies  of  this  genus  is  kaotrn.  It  is  a  sort  of  offNboot 
(nra  the  ^nas  MyxoHtoma,  bnc  its  non-protractile  month  and  siugulrir 
tovrr  lip  wotild  Ac^m  to  indicate  some  real  affinity  with  the  genas  Exo- 

Hie  oac&e  LagochUuti  bad  been  previoasly  applied  to  a  gotius  of  Gns- 
iKupodft  by  iMaufoni,and  toagenuaof  lusecta  by  Loew.  As  Lagochila  is 
ttbtteatiiiUy  the  some  word,  with  tbo  same  etymology^  and  as,  if  written 
fa  Met  cxirreetiiesB,  it  would  be  LagochiliM  also,  its  authors  Imve  seen 
lltotabHtitote  the  name  Quassilabia,  and  thas  to  forestall  all  discus- 
iM  lo  whether  the  name  Lagochila  should  be  retained.  As  this  snb- 
UioD  vaa  made  soon  after  the  original  descriptiou  of  the  genus,  and 
ire  the  name  Ixtgochila  had  come  iuto  auy  geQei*al  uhc,  it  is  to  be 
[l0ped  tbat  it  will  be  accepted  by  succeeding  ichthyologists. 

Otntric  OutrtteteriTatl^mt. 
LMMKailLA  Jordftti  &  BrsftoD,  1677. — "  Similar  to  Mitxostoma(Ftt;t^io»lovtu»  Ajsfumz) 
ia  tbft  •tnteton  of  tbo  mouth  parts.  DorwU  fin  short ;  Uteral  liuc  well  derel- 
■nalna  larger  •obeqaol ;  oir-blAUder  iu  tlirae  p»rt«;  fontaneUe  butweeD  pftrietal 
hvoM  ««U  develupcd  ;  {»baryDgiial  booua  wsok.  vriib  dumeroas  small  teeth  i  apiwr  lip 
Bit  *II  ptoimctilfl,  gTVNtly  rnlargod,  bat  attenoatiM],  suil  Biogulur  iu  form,  it  oouBtsis 
«( I vo  atoogpUMl  Ami  narrow  lobcn,  separatnl  by  u  niurow,  dtM*p  (bwiire,  wliioli  exti'^uils 
fcnitnl  ts  th«  vilff^  of  tbr  mnndible  proper,  which  w-einH  to  he  ammil  vr\i\i  a  ralhet; 
hMrioralBwal  bomy  plata,  abont  a«  in  the  genns  PantonUm*.  Tim  two  \nhenof  the 
>9««  wakJjr  papiUowN  Tba  lower  Mp  is  ealirely  separated  /rom  tbu  up|ivrat  the 
by  ftda«p  ftaamv.  Over  this  tissore  tbo  akiu  ol  the  cheek  lioaas  a  sort  of  cloak  ; 
■pAfftU^  tbia skiD  from  the  moatb,  exteuduig  up  oa  tbe sides  of  tbe  lun^zle. 
fcrtweai  tlia  lips  extends  down  on  the  skio  of  tbe  ouder  side  of  the  head. 
vpaxdeiarxtmBeJf  abort  aod  tbve>e  is  entirely  in  thupoalerlor  partof  the  bead." — 
A  BaiiTOK,  Pror,  Ae.  Sat.  Sc.  Phila.  p.  390,  1877.) 

Ik  Jordan  A  nraytoo,  1678. — "  Wlien  tbe  name  I^goehtla  was  tint-  pro- 

Ua  avtbois  were  not  aware  that  tbe  masonUnn  form,  Ao^orklla*, 

^VMtt  W  two  diflt:reui  geueraj  loooeorOsaleroiHMlH  liy  B'.iiuford  aid 

«l  liMrrtf  by  l^ew.     Tbe  wotds  L*mockiIa  and  LagocMlut  ai«  idoiuical  In  ety- 

a^  In  all  «x«ept  tenoinatians,  .ind  many  writers  would  oonnidur  th**m  iusuOi- 

ty  diatlaet,  asd   wo«bl   bold  thitt  tbt<  name  Lttifockila  abonid  bo  rh:knpr>d.      At 

tfta  lncltuM  to  the  contnry  opinion ;  nevcrtbelrM,  rm  the  matter  stands,  and 

Wrt  ha«  «iol  yet  come  intoqeneral  atm,  I«a  oonfuRJon  perhainwiU 

tb»  p«m.  than  fWjro  any  other  roanm.    Tbw  n.imc  (^moMnl^bUt 

J  U  acconXUiKly  snggcsted  as  a  iialN«tilut4'  fur  F^gochiU,  rtmMdnred 

i>  «o«eholog> .    Tbo  etymology  is  faawttt,  broken  (»r  i  «*i  n  .  inU.f 


'■'*•• .  l^^^^^ 


106    C0NTBIBDTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AUEBIGANICHTHTOliOOT—in. 


The  case  U  preciaely  like  that  of  the  genosof  Doves,  LepttpUUBwrnMrnoOfl^uAj 
JEchmoptila  by  Dr.  Cooes,  oo  oocoont  of  the  previooa  Lq^t^tUmi  of  I^eaou."— (Jotbiit 
Bull.  C.  8.  Geol.  JSurv.  Terr,  vol  iv,  Xo.  2,  p.  41ti,  ISTS,) 

ANALYSIS  OF  SPECIES  OF  <)DASSELABIA. 

*Head  short,  conical,  with  lengthened  snoat,  the  region  betwaeo  tba  efcs  fBttrH 
and  with  prominent  macons  ridges :  cheeks  and  lower  port  of  head  imlber  amUflt: 
opercle  much  reduced,  its  greatest  length  scarcely  greater  than  the  diaineter  of  the 
eye :  head  about  4}  in  length :  eye  4^  in  length  of  head,  abont  8  in  length  of  the  sdoo^ 
its  situation  thus  quite  posterior ;  length  of  the  top  of  the  head  1}  in  the  distant 
ftom  the  snont  to  the  base  of  the  dorsal.  Body  rather  aleoder,  the  fom  bfiag 
between  that  of  Aiyxottoma  eervinum  and  if.  autcn>2epfdo<Hsi,  the  depth  4}  in  the  kag^ 
Dorsal  fin  rather  low ;  its  rays  1, 12;  A.  I,  7;  V.  9.  Scales  5-45-&  ColDr  oUvsa 
blniah-brown  Above;  sides  and  belly  silvery  ;  lower  fins  faintly  orange... X.ACUA.  L 

1.  QUASSILABIA  LAOBRA  Jordan  <t-  Braxton. 

Bare'Up  Sucker.    SpliUmoittk  Sucker.    May  Sucker  of  <A«  Sdolo.     Cut-Opt. 
l&7—Lagoehila  laoera  Jordan  &.  Brattox,  Proc.  Ac  Nat  Sc.  Phils.  SSO,  1877. 
Lagochila  Jaoera  Jordan,  Hon.  Vert.  ed.Sd,  Sll,  1878. 
Quaaailabia  laoera  Jukoax,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  406, 1878. 
Quatnlabia  laoera  Jordan,  Bull.  U.  8.  QeoL  Sorv.  Terr.  418, 1878. 
Habitat. — ^Tonneasee  River.    Scioto  River. 

Only  three  specimens  of  this  siugalar  Sucker  are  yet  kaown.  Two  ni 
these  were  taken  by  Professor  Braytou  and  myself  in  the  Ghickamanga 
Biver  at  Kiu{;goId,  Catoosa  Ounnty,  Georgia,  and  the  other  in  ElkBirer 
near  Estill  Springs,  Tennessee.  In  both  these  streams,  the  species  wu 
well  known  to  the  lishermen,  who  s»id  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  aban* 
dant  si>ecies  iu  those  waters,  and  one  of  the  most  highly  valued  for  food. 
In  the  Ghickamanga,  it  is  known  as  the  Hare-lip  or  Split-mouth  Sooker 
None  of  the  s[>ccimens  taken  were  mature,  the  largest  being  but  ten 
inches  long,  so  that  its  maximnm  size  cannot  be  given. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  a  fine  large  specimen  has  been  sent  tome 
by  J.  H.  Klippart,  Es(j.,  of  the  Ohio  Fish  Commission.    It  was  taken  ia 
Scioto  liiver  near  Columbus,  in  April,  1878.    Mr.  Klippart  iuforms  me 
that  the  species  is  well  known  to  the  Scioto  fishermen,  who  call  it  Mas 
Sucker,  us  it  runs  up  the  river  in  May.    That  so  strongly  marked  a  sp^ 
cies  has  so  long  escaped  the  utteutiou  of  ichthyologists  in  the  State  «=>' 
Ohio  is  sin<{ular. 

tipcdmena  in  United  Utatcs  National  MuMum, 


Numlwr. 


Locality.  Collector^ 


Chickainauga  River D.  8.  Jord 


Core,  Ptoe.  Am.  PhiloA.  Soc.  PbilA.  467,  1S70. 
!>p^  rUoopJkttryffdr  mriitatu$  Copo. 
SQ«ol<iier»  iriU£,  ft  brMd  Burfftoe ;  ^pv^f,  pbarynx. 

Saekora  like  Myxost&ma  in  all  respects,  except  that  the  pbaryogeal 
taMS  are  much  mure  developed,  and  the  teeth  reduced  in  number,  those 
■  the  lower  half  of  the  bono  very  large,  6  to  10  iu  uumber,  nearly  cylia- 
Ue  in  form,  being  bat  little  compreeaed,  and  with  a  broad,  rounded 
or  Aafiteoed  grinding  surface.  The  forms  and  (XisitioDS  of  these  en- 
krgiEid  t««tb  vary  greatly.  Iu  a  specimeu  before  me,  the  first  tooth  is 
ttt  higbisat  and  most  compressed,  its  summit  beiug  rounded  and  then 
abniptiy  truncate.  The  second  tooth  is  notably  shorter  and  thicker, 
■ocb  likTH^r,  and  rouuded  on  top,  the  boily  of  the  tooth  serving  as  a  pe- 
iuele  for  the  swollen  grinding  surface.  The  third  tooth  is  ntill  shorter 
Bd  BimOar  in  form.  The  fourth  tooth  is  similar  to  the  first,  beiug  much 
Ugbcr  thao  the  second  and  third,  and  tiat  ou  top.  The  others  seem  to 
h  tiTvgularly  alteruated  or  arranged  in  pairs,  a  loug  one  and  a  short 
«Kv  tbe  loug  teeth  in  all  cases  being  the  most  truncated,  as  if  their  sur* 
Uoeft  had  be«D  most  worn  off. 

Aa  1  have  at  present  no  perfect  specimens  of  this  genus,  nothing  but 
*V7  yoaiig  specimens,  uud  pharyngeal  jaws  of  adults,  I  cannot  do  better 
ikan  to  copy  Professor  Cope's  original  ilescription,  which  seems  to  be 
■I  MeonUe  one.  I  substitute  the  generic  names  used  in  this  pajM^r 
\M9to$iamA^  etc.)  for  those  used  by  Professor  Cope  {Ftychostomwit  Qic\ 
vWiMver  n  difference  occurs : — 

**  Allied  to  Mjfxosloma,  The  phar3''ngeal  teeth  much  reduced  iu  uum- 
ter,  only  «eveu  on  the  pr<^>Kinial  half  of  the  bone,  cyliudric  in  form,  with 
Ahmad,  trtiiicuto  trilurutiug  surface.  These  play  against  a  broad,  cres- 
«ncic,  cbiCiD-liko  shield  on  the  posterior  roof  of  the  pharyngeal  cavity- 
IWfr  dirisions  of  the  rmca  natatoria, 

**'Witfa  A  great  suj>erOcial  resemblance  to  Myxostoma,  the  masticatory 
^lyKrHtoA  is  different  from  that  of  any  Catostomoid  form  known  to  me, 
eooibiuea  peculiarities  observed  iu  some  forms  of  true  Cyjiinnidte, 
chitlolike  shield  is  found  in  some  of  the  latter;  it  is  represented  in 
('«ioftomitj,  Myxostoma^  and  Curpiudca  by  a  narrow  and  very  thin  |>el- 
^M»of  the  same  material,  frequently  interrupted  in  the  middle  liue.^ 

b«l  ooe  ftpedes  of  the  geuus  is  known.  It  is  apparently  widely  dis- 
ttilmtiHl  through  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  the  Great  Lukes,  bat  its 


108   coNTRiBtrrioss  to  north  American  ichthyologt — in. 


I 


pecnliaritiea  are  rarely  noticed  doIcss  the  pbaryngeal  teeth  are  cxposeO, 
The  writer  has  obtained  four  setd  of  th«  pliaryngeal  jiiwa  and  (ine  entire 
skeleton,  bnt  bas  seen  only  two  small  specimeuSf  collected  by  FrofcHSor 
Braytou  in  the  Illiuois  River,  and  has  (obtained  none  iu  lite. 

Since  the  foregoing  was  written*  I  have  collected  nnmorons  large] 
Hpecimens  in  tbo  French  Broad  River,  North  Carolina,  where  it  is  the' 
moHtubaudant  tnemberot  the  family,  known  to  nit  tisbermenaa  the'-*  Red 
Horse''.     With  a  great  fiui>erticial  resembh'.nce  to  the  Nurtbern   Ited 
Borse  {Mt/xoxtoma  mamvUjiidotum)^  Pl^ciq}harytix  oarinatwi  difiera  fronl^ 
all  the  spcciefi  of  Myxostoma  iu  its  larger  and  more  oblique  mouth  ant 
extremely  thick  lips. 

2.  PLACOPHaRYNX  CARINATUS  Cope. 

Bi^'jmaed  Sucker. 

ISTO—Plaeopharynz  oarinatua  CoPB.Proc.  Am.  Philoa.  Soe.  Phila.  467.  1870. 

Fiacophiirj/nx  airiKatua  Joiu>ak,  Fisbwi  uf  ind.  2*^1,  ltf7h.     (Nftmo  otily.) 
I'lacophari/iLx:  auinatiu  Joicpan,  Man.  Vurl.  2U0,  lb76. 
J'latophaiynx  carinatuB  Nelson,  Bull.  No.  I.  Ills.  Man.  N.%t.  H]a*L  49,  lH7ti. 
Placophargnx  oarinatut  JoiU).vN   &  CorsLAXD,  Check  Lint,  153,  lcf7G.     (Nl 

only.) 
Placophiirynx  earinahit  JonPAV.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  8o.  Pliila.  72,  1H77. 
Plaoopharifnx  oarinatu9  Jordan  &■  Oiluebt,  Id  KUppart'A  B«pt.  53, 1877.     (Ntai 

ualy.) 

Placi^harynx  carinaluB  KUPI'AAT.  First  Keport  Ohio  Finb  Couimiaslou,  tM),  1H77. 
PUmtphart/nx  carinatiu  .Ioia»AN,  Bull.  U.  S.Nat.  Mus.  ix,5^,  llrT?.  (Nntnu  oTily.) 
Ptacophan/nx  carinatux  JoitlMS,  Mitn.  Vert.  e<l.  2iI.;Ul,  IK7tl. 

Piacophatytijr  carinatM  JoJiD-iN,  Ball.  TJ.  8.  Gool.  Surv.  vol.  iv.  No.  2,  p.  417, 1>?79, 
HAnrtAT.— Miuiitwippl  Valley  and  TTppor  Great  LnkeA.  Wnliiub  Rivor  ( Copr,  Jordan)! 
loTo  River.    Ohio  Rivi^r.    Detroit  River.    Illinoin  River.    French  Broud  River. 

The  following  is  Professor  Cope's  description  of  this  species: — 
*^The  physiognomy  and  proportions  of  this  sucker  ore  those  of 
PU  erythrurus  or  the  'reil  horne'  of  the  Western  Rivers. 

"  The  lips  are  large  and  plicate,  the  anterior  pendent  like  that  of  the  Pi\ 
collapntts^  the  posteiior  full  like  th.it  of  Pt.  cervinug.    Muzzle  verticftll; 
truncate.     Length  of  head  in  that  of  l>o(ly  four  timcfl;  depth  of  iMidy  in 
game  3.60  times ;  scjites  G — 41 — 5.    Radii  D.  XIV,  V.  9,  A.  7.     Fnv  mar- 
gin of  dorsal  straight,  not  elevated  nuteriorly.    Occipital  region  moi 
elevated  medially  than  In  Pt,  eryfhrurm^  snpenor  ridges  well  marlcci 
with  a  special  addition  characteristic  of  this  species,  and  of  none  ol 
with  which  I  am  acquainted*     This  is  a  median  longitudinal  ftout 
ridge,  est^juding  from  the  fontanelle  to  between  the  nasal  ridges.    Oolj 


PLACOPHARYNX    CAK1NATU3. 


109 


ihf  posteriorcxtreiuity  of  this  ridge  appears  io  some  PtyckostomL    Orbit 
Uually  oval,  4^  times  in  length  of  head,  twice  in  interorbiCAl 
Type,  fonrteen  incUe«  in  length. 
'Color  iu  alcohol  tike  tbat  of  other  speciet},  uniform  straw  or  whitish 
■hrffy. 

"Tb«  pbtu-jngeal  Ixines  of  this  species  are  much  stontor  than  those  of 

Iter  species  of  ita  own  and  greater  size,  e,  g.^  Pt,  uureotns  of  eighteen 

Mwif  w1>ere  thoy  are  comparatively  slight.    The  extcropostorior  ala  is 

trtrie  M  widi^  as  the  body  inside  the  teeth  is  deep,  and  but  for  ita  short 

kflesnd  narrowed  tip  would  do  for  that  of  a  Semotilus.    But  while  tbci-c 

JDBMveD  broai]  t€M3th  without  heel  or  casp  on  the  biisal  half,  tbero  are 

Itf  last  forty  on  ihe  distal  half,  they  becoming  more  compressed  and 

jIfttllT  like  those  of  other  allied  genera.    There  are  fourteen  with  truu- 

Lcste  extrecnitieA.    The  pharyngeal  plalo  has  narrow  horns  directed  up- 

[vanls  and  forwards,  and  ia  thickened  medially,    it  is  placed  immedi- 

iD  U4lvance  ot  the  opening  of  the  (esophagus.    I  have  but  one 

of  this  curious  &|>ecieH,  which  I  obtained  at  Lafayette,  on  the 

^atesh  Birer,  in  Indiana.** 

Tl»e  writ^jr  baa  in  his  collection  two  young  specimens  obtained  in  Illi- 
»is  KivtT  by  Prof.  Braytou,  a  skeleton  of  a  very  large  individual 
ODd  in  Scioto  Uiver  by  Pr.  J.  W.  Wbeaton,  and  a  pair  of  pharyngeal 
»ai  taken  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Levette  from  a  fish  taken  in  the  Wabash  at 
r«rre  Haut«.  I  have  also  seen  a  pair  of  pharyngeals  and  au  air-bladder 
taken  in  Detroit  Uiver  by  Professor  Baird,  and  now  in  the  Unitoil 
^AlioQsl  Museum,  and  a  jaw  from  "  Post-pliocene  '*  deposits  near 
ibe  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  fonnd  by  Dr.  John  Sloan.  The  jaws  and  air- 
bbdUer  abore  noticed  are  the  only  spocimonsof  this  species  preserved 


KatioDal  Museum. 

^^^jlaea  tfau  funrgoing  was  written,  the  writer  has  obtained  nnmerous 
^^^^K  speciioeDs  of  PUicopkarynx  carinatus  from  the  French  Broad  at 
^fOMt  Cntk  and  other  localities  in  North  Carolina.  From  one  of  these, 
^tte  foQowiog  description  was  taken  : — 

3«>*U  ol*i..ofr^  moderately  compressed,  heavy  at  the  shoulders :  head 
Tor>  •^'  in  length  of  the  body  :  eye  small,  behind  the  middle  of  the 

DMOtb  extremely  targe,  the  lower  jaw  oblique  when  the  mouth  is 
Ihe  uioath,  tUerePoro,  protractile  forwards  as  well  as  downwards : 
Qpg  ^,^-^  ^Uir'kj  coarjMsly  plicate,  the  lower  lip  full  aud  heavy,  truucjite 
bell,  ul  above  evenly  rounded,  in  my  specimena  not  showing  the 

onsslKHi  (iescrib«U  by  Professor  Cope :  scales  (Mo-O :  dorsal  rays  IJ ; 
Tentml  tf  I  color  l>raasygreea  above;  lower  fins  red. 


110     C0NTHIBDTI0N8  TO  NOHTH  AMEBICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY — III. 


Genus  MYXOSTOMA  {Rqfineaque)  Jordan, 

Cato8tomu9  ep.  Le  Sukur,  and  of  all  wrftora  till  1865. 

Moxottoma  Rafinksquk,  Ichtbyolugta  Obieiuis,  1820,  54.  (Proposed  m  a  sabgenns  for' 
tboao  Bpccies  of  CaloMtomu*  with  oi'gbt  ventral  roys  aud  tbo  caudal  lobea  no- 
«qaal:  type  C.  ami»uru$  Raf.) 

TereluluB  Rafinrkquk,  Ichthyologia  Obienais,  1820,  57.    (Ao  a  imbgennfl.to  lncln< 
tboae  Bpecieti  of  CatovtomH*  witb  uine  ventral  rays:  no  typo  deaigusted— r 
of  the  species  recorded  bclung  to  the  present  genus.     C*.  aureoia*  L«  Saenr 
the  species  first  mentioned,  and  to  this  species  and  its  relatives  the  aaxnt 
TeretuXua  wfts  sfterwards  restricted  by  Professor  Cope.) 

PtychoBtomtu  AOASSIZ,  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  1855,  p.  203.    (No 

designated :  the  spooiesmentionod  are  P,  awvyltUy  P.  fMtrolepidotuJi^  P,  dnqut 
«H,  and  P.  meUinop§,     P,  aureolM  has  been  considered  the  typo  of  the  geoos.) 

Teretuiwi  Cope,  Joarn.  Ac  Nat.  Sc.  Pbila.  1868,  S30. 

Maxmtoma  J*jBi>kSi,  Manuul  of  Vertebrates,  lti76,  S9&. 

Mjfxottona  Jordak,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  1977,  346.    (Correotod  orthography,) 

Etymology, /(E'fu,  to  snck ;  orftftaf  mouth. 
Type,  Catottomus  anUurut  Raflnesqae. 

Body  more  or  leas  elongate,  sometimes  nearly  terete,  nsaally  more 
less  compreAANl. 

Head  variously  long  or  short,  its  length  ranging  from  3^  to  5^  in  thi 
of  the  body :  eye  usanlly  rather  large,  varying  from  3  to  6  times  in  tl 
length  of  the  side  of  the  bead,  its  position  high  np  and  median 
nitber  posterior:  suborbital  bones  very  narrow,  alwnys  much   lon| 
than  broad,  their  width  less  than  one-fourth  that  of  the  fleshy  part 
the  cheek :  fontanellc  on  top  of  head  always  well  open,  the  pnriet 
bones  not  coalescing. 

Month  varying  much  in  size,  always  inferior  in  position,  the  mandibi 
being  horizontal  or  nearly  so:  lips  usually  well  developed,  the  form 
the  lower  varying  in  different  sections  of  the  genus,  usually  with  n  sligl 
median  fissure,  bnt  never  deeply  incised;    the   lips  with  transvei 
plica* — the  folds  rarely  so  broken  up  as  to  form  papilhe  :  jaws  witb^ 
conspicuous  cartilaginons  sheath  :  mncifcrons  system  considerabl^v  d( 
veloped,  a  chain  of  tubes  along  the  supraorbital  region,  a  branch  of 
which  extends  around  behind  the  eye  and  forwards  along  the  suborbital 
bones  and  the  lower  edge  of  the  preorbilal :  opercular  bones  modcratei] 
developed,  nearly  smooth :   isthmus  broad :    gill-rakers  weak,  modi 
ately  long,  in  length  about  half  the  diameter  of  tlte  eye. 

Pharyngeal  bouea  rather  weak,  much  as  in  Brimyzon  and  Cat 


OENDS   MYX08T0MA. 


Ill 


CbilMtli  rather  coarser,  strongly  compressed,  the  lower  five  or  six  mnch 
ttwser  tbaa  the  others,  wbicb  nre  rapidly  diuiinished  in  size  apwards, 
viU)  a  prominent  internal  cnsp. 
Softtes  I'TKe,  mora  or  less  qaadrate  in  form,  nearly  equni  in  size  over 
Ue  body,  nod  not  specially  crowded  anywhere,  nsnally  abont  44  in  the 
line  (41  to  50),  and  about  twelve  series  between  dorsal  and  ven- 
Lateral  line  well  developed,  straight  or  anteriorly  decurved, 
Flos  well  developed,   the  dorsal    iuserted  about    midway   of    the 
,  itii  flrat  mys  usually  rather  nearer  snoat  than  the  candal,  the 
Baber  of  developed  rays  usually  about  13,  but  varying  in  different 
yMTJw  from  11  to  17 :  anal  fin  short  and  high,  usually  emarginato  in 
Cbo  nole  flsh,  probably  always  with  seven  developed!  rays:  ventrals  in- 
lected  nearly  under  the  middle  of  the  dorsal;  their  number  of  rays  nor- 
mally  9^  occasionally  varying  to  10 ;  the  occurrence  of  ten  ventral  rays 
li  probably  an  accidental  individual  character,  and  not  a  i>cnnaneQt 
^leciflo  one :  caudal  fin  deeply  forked,  the  lobes  about  equal,  except  in 
tvospeoiea. 
AirhladdericifJi  three  chambers:  skeleton  essentially  as  in  Catostomusj 
^BbA  vwtobne  in  J/,  carpto  27-14  (Giinther). 

^m  fiiSQal  peculiarities  little  marked,  the  males  in  the  spawning  season 
Bbift  the  lower  fins  reddened,  and  the  anal  rays  swollen  and  somewhat 
CabereoUie. 
TbU  g«DU8  is  widely  diffnsed,  some  of  its  species  occurring  in  all  the 
of  the  United  States  east  of  the  Bocky  Mountains,  excepting 
of  the  New  England  States.    Some  of  the  more  aberrant  species 
MMi  to  be  quite  local ;  other  species  are  of  the  widest  distribntion.  The 
yriscipsl  species  in  the  genns,  although  not  the  technical  type,  J/,  ma- 
wUpidoiviH,  is  very  widely  diffused,  and  is  subject  to  much  variation. 
Thi*  iKonna  is  one  readily  recognizable  by  external  appearance,  its 
beiag  known  lo  the  fishermen  as  "£ad  IforM'^and  ^^ Mullet^ ', 
of  other  genera  being  cnllHl  rather  "  Suckers''.    Its  proper  uomen- 
aoi  however,  l)een  a  subject  of  considerable  uncertainty. 
no  •obgenuH  Moxo$toma  was  originally  proposed  by  Bafiuesque  to 
kaolado  C  anUurug  Kaf.,  with  the  following  diagnosis: — **Body  oblong, 
eoaipnmnl;  head  compressed,  eight  abdominal  rays;  dorsal  fin  oom- 
■only  looifl tad inal;  tail  commonly  nnequally  forked." 
Tbe  charaotors  here  noticed  are  either  common  to  several  genera, 
tlae  merely  «|)Ocific,  and  the  use  of  the  generic  name  must  de- 
ImmmI  00  our  IdoDtiflcation  of  the  original  typical  species.     By  some 


112     C0NTBIBCTI0K8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — IH. 

process  of  reasoDiog  not  dow  exptaitinblef  Proferaor  Agaasiz  ideotifif 
this  with  tbe  coromoD  Chub  Sucker  of  the  West,  a  species  which  I  cod- 
sider  wleutiwil  with  Ci/prinujs  ohlongus  MitchiH.  He  thus  transferred  th< 
uaiue  MojfOKtoma  from  the  *'  Ketl  Horse  **  lo  the  *'Chab  Sucker"  group. 
Bafinesque's  description,  howerer,  renders  it  evident  that  his  fish  wj 
one  of  the  Red  Horse  kind;  and  as  Moxostoma  is  the  first  generic  Dam< 
applied  to  H]>ecie8  of  t)iat  group,  it  must  be  retained  in  spite  of  tbi 
lncoa)pl4Ateue6a  of  the  original  diagnosis. 

Teretulus  Kafinesque  was  proposed  three  pages  later  for  "an  extenisivft| 
snbgcnaA,  to  which  belong  all  the  following  species  of  Le  Suear:  C,  a\ 
reoluit,  C.    macrolepidotuSy  C.  lotiffirosfrum^  C  nigricanSy  C  vUiatuitj  C* 
maculoituMt  C.  ituccttay  besides  the  C.  teres  and  C\  oblongiu  of  Mitchill/ 
To  these  he  adds  his  own  species,  C.  mclanopg^  C.  mdanotus  (=  Oamp(h\ 
stoma),  C.ftticiol<xri6y  0.  eryMrurtw,  and  C.flcxuosua.    This  **omm«w«p»-j 
thentm^  receives  the  following  diagnosis: — **  Body  elongate  cylindrii 
or  somewhat  qaadraogular,  0  abdominal  rays,  dorsal  fin  commonly  sma 
tail  equally  forked.'' 

A  name  proposed  for  a  group  of  this  kind,  in  the  opinion  of  tbe 
enc  writer,  shonld  not  be  set  aside,  but  should  be  retained  for  some  oi 
or  more  of  the  species  originally  referred  to  it,  and  when  any  writei 
adopts  such  a  genus,  he  shall  have  the  right  to  select  any  of  the  specie 
as  its  type,  and  the  name  should  bo  considered  thereafter  as  applyini 
to  such  typical  species  only,  not  to  be  revived  in  case  such  typical  specii 
be  afterwards  found  to  have  had  a  prior  generic  name.  In  case  no  sm 
type  has  been  selected  by  any  author,  then  the  "  principle  of  exclnsion' 
should  be  applied,  and  the  name  be  retained  for  such  species  as  may 
left  to  the  last,  on  subtractinfi;  from  the  mongrel  group  the  dilVerenl 
component  genera  in  chronological  order. 

lu  this  view,  Teretulun^  liaviug  been  by  Professor  Coi)6,  in  1868, 
strictfMl  to  0.  aureotui  Lo  H.  and  its  affines,  these  being  congeneric  wit 
species  previously  called  Mojcostoma,  becomes  a  synonym  of  Moxostovuiy 
und  cannot  bo  used  for  a  distinct  genus.  The  principle  of  exclusion, 
if  nnmodifie<l,  would  ntiuire  us  to  use  the  uamo  Teretulus  for  those 
species  left  on  subtracting  Caiostomus  proper,  Maxoxtoma^  OanipotU^mfif 
Enmyzon^  and  Uifpctttdiumj  i.  e.,  in  place  of  Minj/trema, 

Piifvhostmnvs   Agassiic   was  proiH3sed  for  this  same  group,  withool 
reference  to  the  two  uames  conferred   by  Itiifiuesquo.    Thi^  "*"^ 
well  oharaoterixed  by  Professor  Agasaiz  on  the  peculiarities  • 


-■-■^■-^^aes.-.Mgi 


0ENU8    MTX08T0MA.  113 

lips,  although  the  spefiea  of  Minytrema  was  inadvertently  iDcInded 

Tbe  moKt  important  peneric  featore,  the  tricollular  air  b! udder, 

mHiciHt  by  Trofe^Aor  Cope. 

I  htrc  ae«Q  fit  to  chau^n  the  ortho((raphy  of  the  name  from  MojooHoma 

JI|LrosioMu],  in  aocordutice  with  itsapparcutetymoloji^y.    Thin  cbaugt* 

inUM*r  ib'Kirnble  from  the  fact  that  it  tends  to  avoid  confiisinu,  the 

u,.,.../,>,nii  having  been  commoDly  used  in  counectiou  with  a 

.  -t. 
gvtiu»  Mtfxojttoma  uontaius  two  well  marked  sectioDS^  typified 
ively  by  J/,  t^ttlalum  and  M.  marroU'pidotiuny  and  rharacteri^^ed  by 
form  of  the  mouth  and  lower  lip  :  that  of  if.  vclata  being  as  in  the 
Erimjfzon;  that  of  M.  m-acrolepidoUtm  being  of  the  character  most 
ID  thtA  gcnuM. 

Gatfffe  CkarMteriuitionB, 

BafiuMque,  1820. — "  Bo<1y  oblong,  coupre§9<Hl ;  bnod  comprened,  elglil 
fmjm,  duraal  flo  commoDlj  longitodiuil ;  tnll  commonly  aneqaally  forked."— 

OfrkMU,  p.  54.) 
OS  Biilhiii«(|u«,  IdSO. — "  Body  elongAt>e  cylindrical  or  somewhat  quodrangn- 
ilaaiitiAl  rujKi  dortiol  Aoa  coniiuoaly  soiall ;  tail  equally  forked.    An  oxtun- 
%o  which  belong  all  tbo  follnwing  specieA  of  Lo  8ncQr:  C  rinrrafiM.  C- 
C. /oii^trotfram,  f.  atj^caM,  C  t*if/a(u4,  ('.  macnhtm^  C  tucettOf  besid<>» 
•cd  C.  ohlonffuM  of  Dr.  MlUihill.'*— (/eA,  OA.  p.  5T.) 
mlvkiit'n  AKRtMiiz,  1855. — "In   renprot  to  form  of  body  and  the  HtmetDro  and 
«(  %ka  AtWr  UiiB  |;oiiu8  ilous  not  dtircr  from  Cutostouiun  pitiptT,  bat  uiny  be 
by  ibti  ri>1luwin){  Btruotural  pcculiaritieo.  Tbo  lijis  aru  marked  by  trana- 
or  folda,  and  hardly  bilubud  brluw  ;  tbey  are  not  papillated  a«  in  Cutosto- 
|fu{iMf,    Tbwgcoeric  name  of  this  type  In  derived  fiom  tbifi  character  of  the  lip« 
U  abAFUfr  and  aioater.    TbedunmUa  longer  than  it  iahigb.bnt  hi  the  males, 
■X  LB  propoftioD  tbao  to  the  femalea.    The  anal  of  the  male  ie  also  broader 
tliri  firmale*  and  ita  lover  margin  lobed,  while  m  the  female  it  ia  Irapo- 
ow. 

TImmaIcm  araaalargeou  tbeantetioraaaa  the  poaterior  region  of  the  body;  tbeir 
Anal  dteiMiitr  aboala*  gnmt  ma  the  lonKUndinal.ao  that  the  (M.'jile8  are  nearly  qaad' 
,  «ilUi  rwuwled  ^go»;  the  ornnnit.'nra)  concentric  ridgeA  not  Imiger  nor  broader 
«po«l«riar  tl»a  opou  the  latantl  and  anterior  tields;  the  radiating  fiirrowo  few, 
war  (Udd  and  one  on  each  side  limiting  that  field  from  \\w 

Acb; •  i-rior  field  are  more  nnmerous,  and  yet  not  cmwdeil 

Ht  ih»  Utcnl  lisM  ariaing  in  tho  centre  of  radiation  or  farther  baok  uptm  tb>* 

I*  ATv  atrotig,  their  entire  edge  apreading  lik«  a  wing,  and  that 
ia  M!|iar«tcd  fhiro  the  •ympbyaia  by  a  deep  emargination.      The 
Idly  in  al£e  from  above  downwards,  are  more  apart  from  one 
12-^ 


114     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ^IlL 

imother  than  in  tho  preceding  geaera,  and  arolied  invord  as  in  HoxMtoma,  (be 
edge  of  the  lower  ones  sqnare,  its  inner  margin  rising  into  a  broad  cnsp  in  the 
and  upper  te&th." —{American  Joum.  8ci.  Art$,  xix,  p.  203.) 

Tbrktulus  Cope,  lH6d.— "The  essential  character  of  this  genns  is  the  di?iiiaa 
the  natatory  bladder  into  three  chamberSt  while  Catostomns  and  all  Cyprinidn, 
bat  two.    This  feature  is  accompanied  by  plicate  lips,  as  Agasaiz  has  indicated, 
nine  rays  to  the  ventral  fin,  already  point«d  ont  by  Rafinesqne.    The  speciei  ir 
iargcat  scaled  of  the  typical  suckers.    Le  Soenr  and  ValenclenDes  have  pointed 
che  generic  features  in  the  P.  vtacroltpidotus ;  Prof.  Baird  informs  me  that  It 
in  Pt.  ftorealia  Bd.,  and  I  find  it  in  PL  certiaiu  and  Pi.  dnquwnii.    It  no  doabt 
also  in  the  Pt  aureohis.    Other  species  described  by  Baird  and  Qirard  from  the 
west,  probably  possess  it. 

**  It  is  difiicult  to  assign  a  name  to  this  genns.    Rafinesquo  proposes  It  npon  nol 
able  characters,  and  includes  with  it  species  of  Moxostoma  and  Catostomns. 
purged  it  of  these  elements,  but  did  not  express  its  essential  character,  apparently  nlf! 
ing  on  the  plicate  lips.    I  have  taken  the  older  name,  leaving  for  others  the 
decision."— (Journa/  Acad.  Nat  Svi.  Phila.  I8(W,  p.  236.) 

Ptyciiostomus  Cope,  1870.—"  The  development  of  the  lips  furnish  important  dli^ 
nostic  indicatious  in  this  genus.  In  those  most  nearly  allied  to  Moxostoma, the  i 
lip  rcHcmblea  that  of  that  genus  in  being  narrower  and  deeply  incised,  emargimll 
posteriorly  forming  a  figure  V  with  the  ax>ex  forwards,  at  the  same  time  the 
lip  is  very  thin  and  often  narrow.  Such  species  are  shorter,  and  tend  to  a  greatd^ 
velopment  of  dorsal  fin.  Others  of  this  type  arc  more  elongate.  Some  species  of  bott  \ 
are  distinguished  by  their  very  prominent  conic  mnzzle  and  minute,  inferior  montl,  i 
rcuiiniliug  one  uf  the  Carpiodes.  In  oue  species  the  lips  are  papillose  instead  of  plicate. 
In  some  specicH,  the  month  is  very  projectile,  in  others  scarcely  so  at  all. 

"Ratiiiesquv  proposed  a  gcuns  Tcr^tufntt  on  the  characteristic  peculiarity  of  nine tcd* 
tral  rwlii,  belonging  to  must  species  of  this  genns.  He  however  included  speci»  of 
two  other  genera.  On  this  account,  Agassiz,  in  rearranging  the  snckors,  imposed  os 
it  tho  name  Htauding  at  the  head  of  this  article,  regarding  the  plicate  lips  as  a  primaiy 
character.  1  think  Kafinesqnc'H  name  is  to  be  rejected,  owing  to  its  ill  application; 
the  mure  as  I  find  two  Hpccies  in  which  there  are  ten  ventral  radii.  I  adopt  tbatof 
Agfkssiz,  though  I  showed,  when  describing  the  Pt  rrrrinus,  that  the  tricellnlar  n^i* 
tory  bladder  wus  a  more  distinctive  feature.  ThisbecomcH  tho  more  obvious  nowtbit 
I  have  found  a  species  where  the  lips  are  tubercular  instead  of  plicate.** — (i^wc  J"- 
Philos.  aS'oc.  Phila.  p.  400.) 

Moxostoma  Jordan ,  187().—  *'  Dorsal  moderate,  of  11  to  20  rays :  air  bladder  in  three 
parts:  lii)s  usually  i>licate:  lateralliue  very  distinct :  pharyngeal  teeth  nnmeroan  end 
all  small,  of  the  usual  typo,  the  hones  slender"  (in  comparison  with  tho»e  of  PJatopIt*- 
r!fnx).~(Man.  Vert.  E.  V.  S.  p.  i>9li.) 

Moxostoma  Cope  &  Jordan,  1H77. — "Body  oblong  or  elongate,  with  a  short  so**' 
quadrate  dorsal  liu  of  10  to  17  developed  rays :  air  bladder  in  three  parts :  lat«nl  Uo^ 
present:  fontanelle  present:  scales  large,  subeqnal :  pharyngeal  bones  not  eqMeisl^T 
enlarged,  the  teeth  of  the  usual  type."— (Jordan,  Proo.  AeoA.  Nat.  SH,  PkUa.  1877,  p- 

et) 


Bp  Ml,  Na  posterior  edge  truucato,  not  infolded  aod  "  A-sbaped  ". 

wilh  Ibe  bod;  dbtlinctly  oomprewwd,  tbu  deptb  'i^  to  uearly  5in  lengtb. 
k  Itand  ftn  UrKvly  devi>lop«Ml.  iU*  ntys  15  to  18  in  Dnmlxir:  btiad  rather  Urge, 
3^to  4^  lo  length,  broad  above:  xnouth  large,  with  full  lips:  eyo  rather 
body  d(wp.  diroDgly  oouipreBBod^  the  back  aoincvrhat  elevated,  tho 
about  'i^  ID  leDgth :  doraol  fin  high  aad  large,  larger  thou  iu  uuj 
elboi  spoeisaof  the  geaos.  tho  first  ray  about  us  long  &«  the  boso  of  tbfr 
ftn:  seaSca  5-43-4,  qait«  large:  ooloratioo  very  pale  aod  silvery,  the  lower 

ftas  whU«  .— CARPio,  3. 

Hk  DoomI  An  moderate.  it«  rays  VZ  tu  11  iu  nomber. 

Btaka  huge,  <11  to  GO  in  tho  course  of  the  lateral  line. 
i.  Caudal  fin  nonual.  the  two  lubus  alM>ut  equal  nod  similarly  colored. 
&  Boad  stngnlar  id  form,  niuob  abortuned,  the  muzzle  very  abruptly  de- 
mzTML,  deaceudlng  almoiit  pcrpcndioDlarly  in  front  of  tho  eye  :  the 
bead  wedgo-shupcd  from  behind  forvnirds,  und  Icsa  so  from  below 
apwarda,  ita  sides  subvert  ical  and  the  lotver  cross-diameter  of  the 
hoail  grsater  than  tbc  upper. 
/.  £y«  very  large,  more  than  one-third  tfae  length  of  the  side  of  the 
br»d  (in  uu  individiiul  of  six  inches  iu   length;:  lipa  thin,  very 
Caiiitty  plicate:  width  uf  head  thrungb  the  operoles  greater  than 
the  tbiokneas  ot  the  body :  bend  4^  in  length  ;  depth  alMuC  the 
sMna :   dorsal  rays  13 :  HCjiles  iMtl-Ti :  Ixidy  sbortiBb,  closely  ctim- 
pnanad,  the  back  somewhat  elevated,  and  the  caudal   iiodunole 
onusually  long  in  proportion:  color  smoky-blue ;  lower  fins  white: 

size  probably  small EVRYors,  4. 

fik.  Read  unnusl  in  form,  not  as  above. 

f.  Mouth  moderate  or  large,  not  very  small,  nor  very  mocb  oveqiassed 
by  tlie  uiuKKle :  lips  thick,  strongly  plicate :  btidy  stontish,  vary- 
iog  to  mt»duratoIy  elongate:  dursul  0n  mediiini,  its  dovrloped 
rays  12  to  14,  usually  13  in  unmber:  scales  large,  abotit  G-4&-5: 
lowar  Hub  Iu  tbv  adult  red  or  onnge. 

Head  comparatively  elougale,  4  to  &  in  length:  month  large: 
dizc  very  large,  reachioK  a  liMijjth  of  two  feet 

or  more MAChOLEPirKiTi  m,  .V 

X.  Head  quite  elongate,  4  to  4}  in  length :  bock  little 
elevated:  body  rather  elongate,  not  greatly 
couipressed  :  sr^tles  pretty  large.  f>-12  Ut  4I>-5: 
back  bluish  or  olive;  aides  brilliantly  silvery, 
with  bright  rellectlons ;  dorsal  fln  diwky  above ; 

lower  tins  bright  red duqHmmiu 

m.  Head  a  liUle  shorter,  4^  to  A}  in  length :  farm 
of  the  preceding:  scales  distinctly  smaller^ 
7  or  8-1'^  to  TiCMi:  buck  with  much  smoky 
shading laekrywaUs, 


J 


116    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHTOLOOY — ^IH 

'*LipR  distiDotly  plicate — Contioned. 

XXX.  Head  still  shorter  and  deeper,  if  to  5  in  fa 
its  upper  profile  concnrTent  with  th«  i 
of  the  back,  which  is  conaidetaUy  efanlj 
the  form  being  thus  somewhat  elliptiosl :  ri| 
compressed:  dorsal  rays  osaally  13:  eol 
little  silvery,  the  sides  reflecting  browniahi 
golden  ;  back  smoky,  some  of  the  scales  did 
at  base :  scales  CM2  to  50-5.  - 
hh.  Head  comparatively  short,  low  and  small,  5  to  5}  in 
back  elevated  and  compressed ;  depUi  8f  in  length : 
rather  small,  more  or  lees  overpassed  by  the  snoot : 
ation  bright  yellowish-brown,  etc.,  not  silvary ;  lomi 
bright  red  :  dorsal  rays  13 :  scales  G-42  to  48-0 :  size  la^ 

AUBXOLCM,! 

gg.  Month  very  small,  much  overpassed  by  the  oouio  mnzsle : 
small,  abopt  5  in  length, 
t.  Body  fiattish,  the  back  elevated  and  compressed;  depth 3|; 
muzzle  contracted  :  scales  large,  5-44-5 :  dorsal  rays 
12 :  dorsal  fin  elevated  in  front,  its  first  soft  ray  longer 
the    base    of  the  fin :  color   silvery,  with  smoky 
above,  some  of  the  scales  blackish  at  their  bases ;  lower  I 
white ;  top  of  head,  humeral  bar,  and  dorsal  fin  dnsky. 

GRAS8ILABK1,T. 

ii.  Body  ilattish,  the  dorsal  oatline  elevated,  the  form  being  likl 
that  of  M.  coregonua:  head  small  and  conic  :  month  exceed- 
ingly small,  tfao  BDont  fur  overpaasiug  it,  the  muzxle  faeisg 
much  longer  than  in  M,  crassilabre :  dorsal  rays  14:  efi 
large :  coloration  smoky  above,  some  scales  dnsky  at  tluii 

baueH  ;  siduHpale;  lower  fins  white CONC8,8. 

ddL  Caudal  fm  vrizU  the  upper  lobe  falcate,  much  longer  than  the  lower,  it 
least  in  the  adult,  the  lobes  niuiilarly  colored:  dorsal  fin  short  soiL 
high,  falcate:  lM)dy  compressed;  buck  somewhat  elevated;  deptbSfr 
in  length:  bead  conic,  fl»ttiHh,5i  in  length:  month  very  small,  much  tfl 
in  aureolitm.     D.  l'2-l:t,  half  higher  than  long  :  scales  0-46-5. 

ANI8nilA,£^. 

ddd.  Caudal  fin  with  the  lower  lobe  much  longer  than  the  upper  and  differ 
eutly  colored,  the  upper  l<»l>e  iu  the  adult  being  red,  ll»« 
inferior  jet-black,  its  two  lowi-rniost  developed  rays  »»* 
their  inembraues  abruptly  white  (?  iu  both  sexes).  BoA  J 
elongate,  moderately  compretised,  somewhat  elevated  f^v 
wards ;  depth  4^  iu  length :  head  uboot  the  some :  moaC: 
medium,  the  lips  full :  dorsal  rays  13  :  scales  large,  5-44-4 
coloration  nsual,  except  of  the  caudal  fin ;  other  fins  all  ro^ 
with  blackish  shadings:  size  small pceciluba,  1  ^ 


ANALYSIS    OF    SPECIES    OF   MYX08T0MA. 


117 


plic«l»— Contin  uotl. 
ScbIm  Tory  eniall  for  the  genu»,  about  i^&6-8  in  Damber :  body  modenuly 

•loDgftttif  the  di'plliulMml  4  in  tbo  Icugth. 
m.  HmmI  iiborli»b,  ouuic,  tbe  uuout  uot  inuob  x>n>jectiug,  about  4  in  length : 
«7e  large:  donal  fln  r<ma]l,  with  abont  oloven  rays,  the  last  rapidly 
•bortviKMl  (i'liarutlent  of  uioath  nukiiowu,  but  probably  siuiilar  to 
mmcrolfpidottfm  and  paciiura;  !t  ia  said  to  be  "  louoh  Urgttr  than  in 

/*.  oon^Mlus") AUtiurxi,  n. 

wiLb  the  body  ulongate,  little  comprofised,  broad,  the  di^ptb  nliout  5 
IB  length,  not  very  much  greater  than  ibe  tbiokuetiD. 
Head  very  t»hort,  ruuuditsb  ubuvcs  mtber  p<itut«d  forwarda, 
ftboat  5  in  leogtb :  cheeks  aubvertieal :  mouth  rather  large, 
with  thick  Upa,  which  are  ittrougly  plicate,  the  folds  Bome- 
wbat  bniken  up:  eye  small:  Qua  ver>'  small,  the  dorsal 
ray*  10  to  12 :  scales  rather  large,  (i-44  to  4y-5 :  color  groen- 
tah-bravn,  a  pole  blotvb  ou  each  twalo,  the«e  lonniug  con- 
tionuDs  ttlreakft  along  the  rowe  of  scales :  back  with  more 
or  le«»  distinct  browniiih  cross-blotches ;  flus  browuisb,  uot 
luucb  rod ;  tbtt  dorsal  blat^klab  at  tip  :  size  smallest :  length 

loss  ibau  a  foot cervix  i.  m,  12. 

By  thin,  not  infolded  aud  "A-s^P^">  forming  a  narrow,  creecent-sbaped 
border  aroiiud  tlie  mandible. 
k.  Head  small,  5  times  in  leugth:  muzzle  promiueut,  but 
loss  so  than  in  J/.  ooregoHUs  :  mouth  moderate :  bock  ft 
little  eU'valtrd:  depth  about  3i  in  length:  dorsal  rays  12 
to  14,  itu  free  border  often  incised  :  scales  6-4&-6 :  colora- 
tion very  pale ;  lower  fins  white:  siice  Urge;  reAohee  ft 

weight  of  four  poands  or  more alouk,  13. 

kk,  HOftd  stout,  as  in  M.  velatHm,  rather  long,  4  in  lougth, 
flattiih  above,  muzzle  truncate,  not  ver>-  prominent: 
month  moderate:  back  eluvated:  dorsal  lin  long,  of  14 
or  1&  rays:   sea-gr«eu  above;   white  below;   lower  flus 

white TIIALA88IMUM,  14. 

iodblded,  /^-shaped  when  viewed  from  below,  with  a  distinct  modiao 

crvasi%  in  which  the  two  halves  of  the  lip  meet,  fiirmiug 

an  acute  augle  :  mouth  stnalL 

L  Donial  l»rgo,  with  1(1  (Ki  lo  17)  developed  rays. 

N.  Uody  stoot,  deep,  compressed,  the  back  elevated,  Ibe 

depth  3  to  4  in  length:  head  short,  heavy,  finttish 

and  brood  above,  thick  through  the  cheeks,  U|  to  4| 

in  length :  eye  rather  large,  midway  in  head,  4  to 

Sin  it«  leugth :  muzzJe  rntbt^r  prominent,  bluntiAh, 

nvvrhanging  the  vury  small  mouth :  tins  very  large : 

dorsal  long  and  btgb,  ita  height  five-sixths  the  length 

of  the  head:   pectorals  niMirly  reachiug  veutruls- 

oolor  ailvory,  amoky  above ;   lower  fins  nxl :  akzo 

large vklatum,  15. 


'.zie^  -s-zz.  -vm^  It  SUIT  foim  al«f  Atl 

3*.~ri  -cnr^i"  iiififent .- ..RDOaSLl 

«.  3csto.  '-T'  -fTatT   iOitixr  "i  .a  jstucsh :  maziJc  «■ 
ji  -  _  j.-T-.;*-- -.aif  jry-tiiai "je  T«y  sua ■■! 

•i'.~-r-    «~~u  ;iiniDh«uiu  -thaila  abore:  W 
z-.-  TXTt-    «2e  «uQ. conGosn 

_;.  3*.*:  7  :'  icT.aranTeiv  itoac,  Uw  dotaal  iq 
9.tz.'-  -pz^^  '.■x-^Ltti  Mxd  Toaadedf  tbe  d( 
>:.-j  i»:«:a:  I  jx  leDj^h.  the  h«ki  »boQ< 
iiizir  -sf-:  :a£Ct^r  Ur^e.  higb  ap  anU  weU  bi 
'::>r  ;.rri-.r-.::^  jpace  being  loof^r  thao  ic 
''.i-.^f.r  <)p*:n:e?t :  top  of  head  daf: :  dorul  ra; 
:<i  II:  *cAleM  rather  large,  d-4-i-o:  lipi  i 
i*.h.*:loii^i,  deeply  incised :  color  bilrery;  b 
-x-'b  -TTioky  abadiog;  lower  fina  whit«: 
lar^ft-f  rt:af:Lefi  a  length  of  aboat  two  feet 

PAPILLOSm, 

:i    MVXOSTOMA  CWiVIO  {Valenciennes)  Jordan. 

t  arp  Afutlrt.      IVhitr  Lnh:  MulUt. 

I  I       I  .•/...f.imii-i  i.nin,*  V  M  I  MirNMlM,  CllV.  (»t  Vlll.  Ilwt.  Xut.  ll08    PoiflS.  XTli,  457, 

I.I. 

•    f  '■' .it/'i.'  SlulM  It,  S.MiniMiM,   I'Jt;,  I"*!!!. 

I'r-.'  tiiMin  1!.  I 'ill.  I-'ishi'!*  Hri!.  Must.  vii. 'JO,  1568. 

' 'v  ^. ...•<;■»,' »i'i'i  .  I'lof.  Am.  IMiiKw.  Sttc.  IMtila.  47(i.  l!?70i, 

I  .>,  \  'fiffita.  .,ii  »',.•  .liMit'iN,  rttlitvi  vi  lud.  *.*sJl»  l^TC*.    ^Xamo  oiUj.) 


UTX08T0HA   EUBYOPS. 


119 


earpio  Jobdan,  Man.  Vert.  296, 1876. 
IkntaimM  emrpio  Nelson^  Ball.  No.  1,  Ills.  Mns.  Nat.  Hist.  49, 1876. 
ArrlsiM  emrpio  Jordan  &  Cofkland,  Cfaeok  List,  157, 1876.    (Name  only.) 
Maatotioma  earpio  Jokdan  &,  Gilbkrt,  ia  Klippart'u  Rept.  Fish  Comm.  Ohio,  53, 

ltf77.    (Name  oaly.) 
Mfxottama  earpio  Jobdam,  Mau.  Vert.  E.  U.  S.  od.  2cl,  M2, 1878. 

HittTAT. — Great  Lake  Begion  aud  oorthward.    Also  iu  the  Obto  River. 

} 

litis  species  is  apparently  not  very  common,  and  its  distribution  is 
I  pMbibly  chiefly  northward.  |  have  obtained  bat  one  living  specimen, 
ifae  large  oae,  from  Lac  des  Buttes  des  Morts,  in  Northeastern  Wis- 
Miiii.  This  specimen  in  life  was  extremely  pale  and  silvery,  its  fins 
.Mag  ncMie  of  the  orange  coloration  common  to  most  of  the  species. 
M.Wfpio  is  related  to  AT.  macrolepidotum,  bat  the  mach  greater  develop- 
mt«f  the  dorsal  will  always  distingaish  it. 

i^pcciai«ii«  IN  United  States  National  Museum. 


Loc»lity. 


11793  '  CineiDDati,  Ofalo 

imi  I  Alpena,  Hicb.  (lAke  Haron) 

laaSO  I  CinciDDati,  Ohio 

ISOl  1  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

US93  I  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


—      Marietta,  Ohio. 


Collector. 


J,  W.  Milner. 
J.  W.  Miluer. 
J.  W.  Miluer. 
J.  W.  Miluer. 
J.  W.  Milner. 
Prof.  Andrews. 


4.  MYXOSTOMA  EURYOPS  Jordan. 


Sttub-nomd  Sucker. 

Va^TeretmluM  enr^ops  Jordan  &.  Copkland,  Check  List,  157.    (Name  only.) 
JlfxMtoina  euryopn  JORDAN,  Aun.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  xi.  34H,  1877. 
JfyxM/oMd  euryopt  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  312,  lb78. 
HisnAT. — Alabama  River. 

This  Hpecies  is  still  known  only  from  the  type-specimen  obtained  in 
UTcjoy^s  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  Oostanaula  Kiver,  a  few  miles 
•wth  of  Home,  Ga.  The  species  is  most  nearly  related  to  Jf.  macrole^- 
^M,  and  it  is  barely  possible  that  the  type-specimen  is  a  monstrosity 
rfthat  species.    The  peculiurities  of  the  mouth,  and  the  fact  that  the 

Xits  of  the  bead  seem  to  be  normally  developed,  lead  me  to  consider  it 
tenet  q»eciee. 


120    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOKTH  AMEBICAN  ICHTHTOLOGY— BI. 
6.  MTXOSTOMA  MAOKOLBPIDOTUM  {Le  Sueur)  Jarta 

Common  Bed  Hvne.    Mullet.     White  Sucker.    Large-^odlei  Stuktr, 

a.  Subspecies  maorolepidotutn, 

l&17—Cato8tomvs  macrolepidotvs  Le  Sueur,  Jonm.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Pbila.  1, 94. 

Caio8tamu9  macrolepidotua  DeEay,  New  York  Fanoa,  part  ir,  FUliflS,  SOS;  1841 
Caiostomutmacrohjndotus  Cvvizn  &  Yalbncibnnes,  Hist.  Nat.  de8poi«0Di,XTii,| 

447, 1844.  , 

Catoatomus  macrolepidotua  Sto»er,  Sy uopsis,  420,  1846. 
Pti/chostomtta  macrolepidotua  Agassiz,  Ana.  Joani.  Sci.  Arta,  2d  series,  xix,  9N, 

1855. 
Plychoatomua  mticrolepidotua  Cope,  Froc.  Am.  Philos.  Soo.  Pfaila.  475, 1870. 
Ptifckoaiomus  macrolepidotua  Joiedan,  Fishes  of  lod.  231, 1875.    (Name  only.) 
Moxostoma  macrolepidoium  Joni>AX,  &Ian.  Vert.  296, 1676. 
Teretulua  macrolepidoium  Nelson,  Bull.  No.  1,  Ills.  Mas.  Nat.  Hist.  49, 1876. 
Catostomua  macrolepidotua  Uuler  &  Lugger,  Fishes  of  Mar^-land,  140, 1876. 
Teretulue  macrolepidotua  Jordan  &,  Copkland,  Check  List;  x,  157, 1876.   (Nioe 

only.) 
Moxoatoma  macrolepidota  Joicdan  &.  Gilbert,  id  Klippart'a  Kept.  53, 1876.    (Nhh 

only.) 
Myxoatoma  macrolepidota  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  £.  U.  S.  ed.  2d,  313, 1878. 
1842— Cafo«fomu9  oneida  DeKay,  New  York  Fauna,  part  iv,  Fishes,  198. 
Catostomua  oneida  Stoker,  Synopsis,  425, 1846. 
PiychoHtomuH  oiifida  Copk,  I'roc.  Am.  Philoa.  Soc.  Phila.  476,  1870. 
Iri70— /V^rAoJs/omua  robuHtm  Cope,  Froc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  PhiU.  473. 

Tvretuhta  rohuatus  Jordan  &.  Copei.and,  Check  List,  157,  187G.    (Name  only.) 
187G — PtychoHtomiiH  congefitua  CoPE  it  Yahrow,  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  Expl.  W.  lOOtU 
MtT.  V,  GHO,  1H76.     (Not  of  Girard.) 
ILviiiTAT. — North  Carolina  to  Vermont,  and  northwestward  through  the  Great  L«k' 
Region  iiiul  tliu  Upper  MisKiybip])! — the  only  form  of  the  species  occurring  east  of  tb' 
Alleghany  Mountains.     (AIho  in  Arizona }) 

b.  Subspeeies  lachrytuale  (Cope)  Jordan. 

Iti70—Pt !/chotttomuH  lachrymalis  Copk,  Froc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  Phila,  474. 

TtrelitJtiH  liichrymalia  Joki>an  &  Copkland,  Check  List,  157, 1876.    (Name  onl3 
MtjjoHtoma  duqucsiiii  var.  lachrtf malts  Jordan,  Aud.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  xi,  ^ 

1-77. 
MijTOHtoma  macrolepidota  var.  lachrymalia  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  313, 1676Li 
Habitat.— North  Carolina  to  Alabama. 

c,  Suhupccies  dttqueanci  (Le  Sueur)  Jordan. 

1817 — Catostomufi  duqucmii  Lk  Sueur,  Joiirn.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  105. 
CatostomnH  duqueauii  UAFiNK.sguE,  Ich.  Oh.  »t(),  IH20. 
CaloatomuM  duqueanii  Kirtland,  liept.  Zool.  Ohio,  168, 1838. 
Catostomua  duqitcsnii  DeKay,  Now  York  Fauna,  part  iv.  Fishes,  203, 1643. 


MTX08T0MA    MACROLEPn)OTUM. 


121 


Suqvfwnii  Ct.'viKK  &.  Valcnctknxrs,  llist.  Nat.  dea  Toitigonii,  xvfl, 

OftHMiw*  dnqumHil  Kiktland,  OostoD  Joan>.  Kat.  Hist,  v,  2G8,  1845. 

fltftMCMiii*  dttt^umnii  8Toi(Elt,  Synopaiit,  42',\,  LH46. 

tlldi9$t<fmu»  duqtusnik  Aga(4«iz,  Am.  Joom.  So.  Arttf/2d  series,  xix,  304, 185&. 

rcbu/oMiu  duquranii  GCnthkii, Cttt.  FisbiM  Brit.  Mub.  vii,  18. 18Ua 

TiTriii/u  Juijufwnri  Coi%  Juurn.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sn.  Philn.  £1*!,  1H4P^. 

f^|(AMtom«Jt  dutjufmii  CopK,  Proc.  Am.  Pbilos.  Soe.  Pliila.  470, 1H70. 

Ftft^Umtu*  ilmjuetiHci  JoRDA?*,  Bull.  Btifriilo  Soc.  Nat.  Uwt.  »5,  1876. 

JEmttewa  duifutgnii  JuHttAS,  Man.  Vurt. '.».%  1876. 

rcMoaiw  dvf HWRki  L'ulkk  iV  LuuOKii,  FiabeH  of  Maryland,  IW,  1H76. 

UwtMtws  ifH^aAMJi  Neuvkn,  BuU.  No.  1,  IIU  Mu&.  Nat.  UU.  4^,  1870. 

AntelM  tfa^unrnii  Jorhan  A:  CnPELA>'i>,  Che«k  List,  1.'>7,  lt^l>.    (Name  only.) 

JhnMtowa  daf/Kcanei  Jokdav  Ac  Gilbert,  iu  Klippurt'tt  Rapt.  &3,  1870.    (Name 

oolj.) 
ITliM'oaM  ^«9M>Miii  JuKDAN,  Ann.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  Xi,  349, 1K77. 
ifUfVAH  Joiu>AN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  ix,  'S7,  ln^T. 
macroffpidota  var.  dHqu<iini  Juudan,  Man.  Vurt.  cd.  2d;  p.  .113,  I67d. 
<r|r(ftrunf«,  KiVi^fEsquK,  Am.  Montfa.  Mag.  and  Crlt.  Rov.  354. 
itu  rrytkruma  RAVlNKfiijUK,  Icli.  Oh.  59,  l&'O. 

trstkrurvM  KiutlaNI>,  R»-pt.  Zool.  Obio,  168,  1B3H. 
rifckMlQmm*  erjithntnu  COPR,  Proo.  Am.  PhUoB.  Soc  Plitln.  474,  1870. 
^getmMomtu  rry/Amru*  J«>kda>',  FwbtfH  of  Iiid.  '221,  1875.    (Name  only.) 
Shwtolw  trjflhrurut  .Ioi(I>a.\  &  Coi-klanp,  Cbcok  Liat,  1&7, 187C.    (Name  oDly.) 

mtlmutiu  KA»iNJC64jt:K,  Icb.  Ob.  51. 
TAT.— Obio  Valley.     Upper  Mi wtBtippi  Hirer  aud  aoolbward;  most  abondaut 
!  WiMxmatn  to  Georgia. 

ExamioaUou  of  a  very  lurge  senesof  ^^MuUct"  ami  **R«d  Horse" 
frm  rarioas  parU  o(  the  couutry  has  lod  me  to  tbe  coDclusion,  at  first 
Mbet  auexpected,  tliat  all  tbe  rarioas  forms  includetl  iu  lUe  above 
■SMoyiny  belotig  to  one  widely  diffused  aud  somewbat  variable  species. 
Tbe  "Malk^t"  of  tli*^  lukes  and  ut'  Kusteru  PfuiiHylvania  Hppeani  geu- 
tnlly  to  differ  iu  tbo  more  elevated  and  compressed  body,  shorter, 
ha^^  bead^  aod  browuisb  or  bmssy  ratlier  tbau  silvery  colonition. 
ff«|intM.-tjt)t  the  getnTtil  tendency  of  ^^vav.  macroleplfiotmn^;  but 
of  ^^duquctinri^  ciiu  \m  found  which  will  matcli  the  average 
fotum  in  each  of  these  respects.  The  form  wliich  I  have  iden- 
flkd  with  Profesaor  Oiipe's  hiehrt^viatc  is  to  some  oxU^ut  iutormcdiate, 
tbe  additional  |»einiliarity  of  smalU^r  scales.  In  this  rH8|>ectf 
r,oeeasioual  iudividualu, both  of  duqueanei and  of  viaviotephUttumj 
b«  fonad  which  approach  it. 

iohabitingtbo  waters  of  the  eastern  aud  uortheru  ports  ot  ibo 
liii  duie«  Is  I  he  variety  macrohpidotum.  It  is  sold  commouly  as  a  foo<l- 


122    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICUTUYOLOGV III. 

fish  in  tbe  winter  aud  epring  iu  tbe  marketa  of  WasbiDgtou  und  Pbilade 
pbia,  as  well  us  iu  tbe  luurkets  of  tboHe  cities  in  tbe  West  whicb  are  suf 
plied  by  tbe  fisheries  of  tbe  Great  Lukes.  It  is  probably  mneb  luo 
abiinduut  in  Lake  Erie  than  M*  aureolum  is,  and  it  ha^  beeu  fre<|ueiit\ 
confounded  with  tbo  latter  species.  I  once  obtained  two  specime 
eaub  of  nearly  twelve  pounds  weight,  in  tbe  Fox  River  in  Wisconsin. 

In  the  Ohio  Eiver  and  its  Iributariea,  and  in  the  rivers  of  tbe  Scut 
west  geueraUy,  tbe  var.  duqutsnii  is  tbe  prevailing  form.  This  variety 
is  more  delicately  colored  than  the  other,  the  silvery  lustre  of  tbe  scalf 
is  more  strongly  marked,  and  the  red  of  tbe  fins  is  rather  more  vivi 
This  form,  too,  is  valued  soiuewbac  as  a  food-rtsh,  although  tbe  fles' 
like  that  of  all  the  Suckers,  is  comparatively  coarse,  tasteless,  aud  full  i 
bones.  The  variety  dvque^nei  is  everywhere  known  by  the  curious 
nacular  name  of  **Bed  Horse",  a  name  possibly  to  be  accounted  for  b; 
tbe  color  of  the  f^ns  aud  the  form  of  the  head.  This  variety  also  grow 
to  a  large  size. 

The  variety  lackrymale  I  only  kuow  from  specimens  obtained  in  Etc 
wab  Kiver,  Georgia,  iu  company  with  the  variety  <iuqu€snei,     Nothi 
distinctive  was  noticed  iu  regard  to  its  habits. 

The  lied  Horse  prefer  rather  deep,  clear  water,  seldom  ascending  ver 
small  streams,  and  then  chiefly  in  tbe  spawuiug  seasou — iu  May — a 
which  time  they  may  be  fouud  in  great  abuudauce  iu  any  rapid  of 
river  or  a  creek,  or  below  a  mill-pond.  They  are  generally  caught  b 
nets,  traps,  or  snares,  but  will  frequeutly  bite  at  ft  hook  baited  with 
wonn. 

In  tbe  confinement  of  au  aquarium,  tbe  Ited  Horse  are  not  very  hardj 
Foul  water  kills  them  at  once. 

iSynonymA. — Tbe  earliest  name  given  to  a  Bed  Horse  is  that  of  C< 
[u«  macroIepUhlus  Le  Sueur.  The  specilic  uauie  macrolepviotun  qif 
therefore  be  retained  for  this  species.  Tbe  specilic  name  oneida^  glv 
by  DeKay  to  an  individual  from  Oneida  Lake,  Kew  York,  doubU« 
belongs  here,  as  the  var.  macrol^idvittm  is  the  only  member  of 
genus  known  to  inhabit  that  part  of  New  York,  aud  there  are  uosorioi 
discrepancies  iu  tbe  rather  poor  description. 

Pti/ciu>iitomu8  rohusluM  Cope  may  possibly  be  diiferent;  but  as  its  d 
scriber  has  failed  to  note  any  distinctive  chanicters  which  I  eonsidi 
likely  lo  be  permanent,  I  am  cx>nipelled  to  refer  it  here.  It  la  from  Y» 
kin  River  in  North  Carolina.  A  Ptychostommi  citHgtt»tu4  is  deacribed  I 
Cope  and  Yarrow  from  Arizona.    It  is  probably  not  Girard*s  siK'scies  i 


kiKl  1  »n]  uuuble  to  diHtiuguiah  it  from  typii'al  macroUpidoUtm^ 
aitbnogfa  ih«  month  ia  rather  small,  more  ]ikc  that  of  aurcohm. 

1  b»re  ideniided  cerlaiu  specimena  with  Profesaor  Cope's  /*.  lachrymale 
vftb  a  1Utl4^  iloiiht,  06  the  points  of  difiereutiation  nbieh  I  iioticti'  aro  uot 
ibocv  rmphafiizeil  by  ProtesBor  Cope.  The  original  t yiwa,  which  1  believe 
tR  DOW  lost,  were  from  the  Netise  Kiver  in  North  Carolina.    In  dei*crib- 

rinijt  this  ft|H')Cie«,  ProressorCopo  remarks,  ^'  This  species  is  quite  near  the 
lut  {P.  erythrvniA)  ariil  may  at  some  future  time  be  shown  to  be  a  local 
nrietj  of  it,  but  in  this  caso  P.  maeroltpidotutf  must  follow  also." 

Tbft  eynouyms  of  var.  tluqiiesnei  may  now  be  noticed.    Of  these, 

ihr  doly  odd  of  importance  is  that  of  Catoatomua  erythrurus  UafiueHqne, 

nooiUy  rcoogDized  by  Professor  Cope  as  a  species  distiuct  from  P. 

infiwmitf. 

Tbt!  presetice  of  tea  ventral  rays  in  duqua/nii^  as  conti'asted  with  nine 

tnil  r.iys  in  eryHiruntSy  is  the  chief  point  on  which  Professor  Co[»e 

to  tliHtiugoish  the  two  species.     He  also  ttnds  the  month  rather 

inferior  in  duquesHti,  and  the  scales  rather  smaller,  7-4^7,  instead 

■r  5-4:2-4. 

lo  reganl  to  the  number  of  ventral  rays,  my  experience  is  that  in  every 

uf  the  geoDS  the  normal  number  is   ni/i'?,  but  that  ten-rayed 

iilottin  occur  iu  tht*  proportion  of  about  one  in  tweuty  in  any  of  the 

E«.     I  have  [weu  specimous  of  duqucimii  with  nine  rays  on  one  side 

ten  OD  the  other.    1  have  therefore  discarded  all  consideration  of 

ber  of  ventral  rays  as  a  specific  character.    In  regard  to  the 

of  acalett  in  the  lateral  line,  the  usual  number  iu  most  of  the 

i^ecivii  Ls  43  to  44;  but  of  every  species  iu  which  I  have  bcH>n  enabled 

loesamiDu  a  large  series  of  individuals,  I  have  found  a  range  extend- 

iDK  frtioi  42  to  40.    I  have  seen  tenrayed  specimens  of  duquennci  with 

.  and  nine-rayed  erythruri  with  small  ones.    Within  the  limit 

.  Ui*^reroro  do  not  consider  the  number  of  scales  us  a  pcrma- 

311  specific  character.    The  greater  prominence  of  the  muzzle  in  dnqiuft- 

AAobAerved  by  Professor  Cot>e,  is  perhaps  accidental  or  individual. 

At  3"  'N,  It  is  tOi^  nncertuiu  a  feature  to  base  a  species  on. 

Iji  't«  NKf^fiuru^  of  HaQuesqne  is,  as  1  have  elsewhere  shown, 

pmbobly  a  yoang  Ued  Morse,  with  a  dusky-shaded  dorsal  and  caudal, 
«hkh  tluic  ucato,  but  saperlicial,  observer  mistook  for  a  species  of  Dace. 


124    CONTBIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — JU, 

Specimens  in  TTnited  States  National  Museum. 


Namber. 

Locality. 

CoUector. 

7995 

Var.  macrolepidoium. 

8754 

"Probably  North  Carolina"        

9056 

1063  L 

PotoniBO  RiTor  ...  _          _      ......................... 

J.  W.  Hilner. 

10682 

PotoiD&o  Ri  vor           .......  .  ....  ....■■.-«■■■->.... 

J.  W.  Milaer. 

10689 

Potomac  River  -  ..            ............................ 

J.  W.  Milner. 

11106 

Potomac  River  .          ......  ■•.... ...... ...... .... .... 

J.  W.  MUner. 

12316 

Potomac  River  ............            ...........■.-.*.... 

J.  W.  Milner.  ' 

12317 

Potomac  River  ...... ..........   ... ...... ............ 

J.  W.  Milner. 

12318 

Potomao River 

J.  W.  Milner. 

12319 

Potomac  River 

J.  W.  Milner. 

16755 

Ash  Creek,  Arizona  ("oonj^esfiM") 

Dr.J.T.Rockrot 

18251 

Potomao  River ............................. 

G.  B.  Goode. 

18253 

Potomac  River  ...- ....... 

G.  B.  Goode. 

18254 

Potomac  River ...... 

G.  B.  Goode. 

18255 

Potomac  River  ...... ,. - 

G.  B.  Goode. 

18256 

Potomac  River  ...................................... 

G.  B.  Goode. 

18257 

Potomao  River 

G.  B.  Goode. 

19451 

Potomac  River 

J.W.  Milner. 

20230 

S.  F.  Balrd. 

20263 

Nebraska,  Pacific  Railroad  Survey 

Governor  Steve 

30278 

"  Brooklyn" 

J.  C.  Brevoort. 

8025 

Var.  duquesnii. 
Yellow  Ctceky  Ohio 

S.  F.  Baird. 

8526 

10794 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

J.  W.  Milner 

12268 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

J.  W.  Milner. 

12269 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

J.  W.  Milner. 

12272 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

J.  W.  Milner. 

20040 

Cumberland  River,  TennesBee  .       ...._............... 

A.  Winchell. 

20075 

20773 

Normal,  Illinois.... ...... ...... ...... ......  ._.. ...... 

S.  A.  Forbes. 

6.  MYXOSTOMA  AUREOLUM  {Le  Sueur)  Jordan. 

Golden  Red  Horse.     Lake  Mullet. 

1817— Catostomus  aureolus  Le  Sueur,  Joum.  Ac.  Nat,  Sci.  Phila.  i,  95. 
Catoatomua  aureolus  Kirti,akx>,  Rept.  Zool.  Ohio,  168,  1838. 
Catostomus  aureolus  Kirtland,  Boston  Journ.  Nat.  Hist,  iii,  349,  1840. 
Catostomus  aureolus  DbKay,  New  York  Fanna,  part  iv,  Fishes,  901, 164S. 


MYXOSTOUA    AUBEOLUM. 


125 


tt\mtamma  wntolut  Stokku.  Sjaopela,  420,  ld4ft. 

(Mmbmuu  nrco/vf  Aqabsiz,  Lake  8ap<uior,  1157, 1350. 

PlftiMlomua  aurtottut  Agamiz,  Am.  Joarn.  8u.  ArT8,  2^1  Bories,  xix,  904,  IH6fi. 

/^|MiMlMiu«  aHrro/H/i  Pittkam,  Bull.  Mua.  Comp.  Zool.  10, 1863. 

hfiitmUmut  autrolw  CoPK,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbila.  265,  1854. 

ItUntomMt  aurcoluM  OCMilKa,  Cat.  riitfaeit  Brit.  Mas.  vii,  16,  lB6d.     (In   partf 
dMcnptton  nppnretttly  copied  uod  coofaaed.) 

IffciuMtmmM  aamtta»  CoPE,  Proc  Am.  Fbilo«.  Soc.  I'hila.  476, 16r70 

Jl$n4tvmii  avrtvUtm  JoitDi^ ,  Mnu.  Vert.  205, 1870. 

T^9t9im»€mrtolitm  Nklih»n.  Bait.  N'o.  1,  I11&.  Muh.  Nat.  HiBt.  49,  lB7ti. 

TintefM  «urt«fii«  J(>iU)A.v  i  CoPKi-AND.CliccIt  List,  107, 187tt.     (Nnmo  only.) 

Jhrnttoma  aurtola  ^  unit  as  S:.  Gilrkut/ui  Kliiipiirt's  Rept.  53, 1876.   (Name  oaly.) 

Hfnabma  aitrrottt  JouHAy ,  Man,  Vert.  E.  U.  8.  ed.  2d,  314,  ISTtt, 
ICtt-''«f»roniiu  trwvenrii  KiL'tUKHSUN.  Fraiiklio'd  Journal, 77'^,  IH^iS. 
1^*-C)iynii»*  [fatoAtomuM)  nHinrti  UicUAnDso.N,  Fmin.  Bi>r.-Am.  Fiahes,  pp.  118,303| 

C9io0tomuM  Btienni  Cr%'.  A  Vai...  Hist.  Nut.  dca  PoImsoub.  x\  ii,  4«J5. 1844. 
foftodmiu  tunirt  DkKat.Nkw  Yoik  F»unn,  part  iv,Fii»hi!a,203, 1*4'^ 
i'ttMtomua  tururii  STORBK,  SyDOiwis,  4S5, 1M6. 
hfriiOMUfmut  wueurii  CoPK.  Proc.  Am.  PLilofi.  Soo.  Phllo,  477, 1870. 
7fn/«/tt*  »¥*urii  JiiiiPAA-  &  CovrUtyit,  Check  Liat,  157, 187(i.     (Name  ouly.) 
hm^Cmmtomum  muarolryidotuB  QVsrnutt,  Cat.  Fidbea  Brit.  Mtut.  vii,  18, 1^08.    (Exal. 
ip).  pari.    Not  uf  Lo  Saear.) 

JbtatAT. — Oreftt  I^aku  Begiou,  Upper  Mitwoarl  and  Ohio  VaUoyB,and  northward.' 

Ais  itp^:ieH  iH  very  closely  related  to  tbe  In.st,  aiul  mny  posnibly  be  a 

Tari«*iy  of  it,  Hfii  specimens  of  rar.  macrolepidoium  oftfn  occur  vrliicU  ure 

■trb  difficulty  distinguisbed  from  it.    Id  gcneralf  liowvvcr,  tbe  eiunllcr 

bnd,  mnaller  month,  and  deeper  body  of  aureolum  Hnfficteutly  dintin- 

|ttUb  thorn.    Tin's  .species  Is  leas  abundant  tban  macrolepidoium ^  and  ib 

<p(areDCly  morv  northerly  in  its  dtstriboUon.     It  has  been  well  lignred 

VrDeEuy. 

Tbe  nynonymy  of  this  npecies  needs  no  special  remark.    It  seems 

jS^Ule  tisst    C  lexunirii  belongs  bei-e,  iillhouKh  the  statement  that 

"At  muzzle  projects  an  inch  beyond   the  tnonth^  in  a  Rpeciineu   19 

twk«  long,  if  correct,  would  indicate  difference.    The  name  **  k  Hueurii^ 

niltna  gireiii  iind  afterwards  chaut^ed  to"«Kffum"on  the  ground  that 

fltwtkle  **ie"  i«  not  an  integral  part  of  Le  Sueur's  name. 


126     CONTHIBDTION8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOIiOGT— III. 

Spe<HiHfn$  in  Vnited  States  JiaHonal  Mtaeum. 


Nuiubcr. 


Locality. 


Collector. 


775C 

11074 
UlOl 
12267 
12394 
12446 
204272 


Carlisle,  Pa 

Sanduukyi  Ohio  ...... 

Sandasky ,  Ohio 

CiDCmnati,Ohio 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

£corse,  Mich 

Root  River,  WiscoDBin 


8.  F.  Baird. 

J.  W.  Hilner. 

J.W.MUner. 

J.W.Milner. 

J.W.Milner. 

J.W.Milner. 

S.  F.  Baird. 


7.  MYXOSTOMA  CRASSILABEE  {Cape)  Jordan. 

Thick-lipped  MuUct. 

1670 — Pljfcho$tomu8  cnutilahria  Cufe,  Proo.  Am.  Philos.  8oe.  Philo.  477, 1870. 

TeretuluB  crassUahrig  Jordan  &  Cofei^nd,  Check  List,  157,  ld76.    (Name  onljr.) 
Myxoatoma  oraesilabria  Jordan,  Man.  Yert.  ed.  2d,  314, 1876. 

Habitat. — ^Nenso  River,  North  Carolina. 

Tbi.s  species  is  known  only  from  Professor  Cope's  description.  It 
appe.srs  to  be  distinct  from  M.  aureolum^  which  is  probably  its  nearest 
relative.    Nothing  bas  been  noted  in  regard  to  its  habits. 

8.  MYXOSTOMA  CONUS  (Cope)  Jordan. 

Long-nosed  Mullet. 

1870 — PtffchoBtomuB  connt,  Cofk,  Proc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  Phila.  478. 

Ttretulus  conun,  Jordan  &.  Copeland,  Check  List,  157, 1876.    (Name  only.) 
Myxostoma  conns,  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  314,  1878. 


This  species  is  also  known  only  from  Professor  Cope's  account.  There 
appears,  however,  to  be  no  room  for  doubt  as  to  its  specific  distinction. 
As  stated  by  Professor  Cope,  "  this  flsli  represents  the  P.  coregonm  in 
the  section  with  fully-developed  lips." 

It  is  taken  in  large  numbers  in  the  Yadkin  River,  "  with  Pt,  oollapsus, 
Pt,  rohttstuSy  etc.,  but  is  of  less  value  than  they." 

9.  MYXOSTOMA  ANISURA  (Rajinejtque)  Jordan. 
Long-tailed  lied  Horse, 

1820— CatostoniM  anlBuriu  RafiNbsqub,  lohtbyologia  Ohiensis,  54. 
Myxotioma  anina^  JoitDASf  Man.  Vert.  ed.  Sd,  315, 1678. 


MYXOSTOMA   ANI8UEA.  127 

)3tO~Pt0cko9tomM9  frrertogM  Cope,  Prnc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  Pbila.  478. 

JWrtMtut  hreriofpB  Jordan  &  ConttASD^  Check  List,  157, 1876.    (Name  only.) 
Mnotlcma  hrericepa  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  in  Klippart's  Kept.  53,  187G.    (Name 

only.) 
Mfxmtowut  hrevicepB  Jordan,  Ball.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  9,  50,  1877.    {N^ame  only.) 

HiBrTAT. — Ohio  Valley  and  Great  Lakra. 

This  species,  first  described  by  Rafioesqae  in  1820,  has  been  entirely 

lost  sight  of  by  succeeding  writers,  and  I,  doubting  the  existence  in  the 
Ohio  Biver  of  a  species  characterized  by  the  marked  inequality  of  the 
caudal  lobes,  hare  hitherto  followed  Dr.  Kirtland  in  using  the  name 
tnumra  for  the  fish  recently  named  collapsus  by  Professor  Cope.  Some 
qifcimens  lately  examined  by  me  from  the  Ohio  Biver  hare  shown  the 
existence  of  a  fish  corresponding  rery  closely  to  Bafinesque's  account, 
ud  which  really  has  the  inequality  of  the  caudal  fin,  on  which  be  lays 
Mich  emphasis,  and  which  suggested  the  name  anisurua  (unequal-tail). 
This  fish  appears  to  be  the  same  as  that  to  which  Professor  Cope  has 
giren  the  name  of  hrevicepn.  Professor  Cope  had,  howerer,  but  a  single 
speeimen,  in  poor  condition,  and  did  not  notice  the  falcation  of  the 
candal,  or,  more  likely,  that  fin  was  not  preserred  iutact.  I  hare,  some 
time  since,  examined  Professor  Cope's  type,  preserre<l  in  the  Museum 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  at  Philadelphia,  and  believe  it  to 
be  identical  with  3f.  anisura  Baf.  The  form  of  the  head  and  foody  and 
<tf  the  mouth  are  similar  in  the  two,  and  the  dorsal  in  both  is  simi- 
lirly  falcate. 

This  8i>ecies  resembles  aureolum  in  erery  respect,  except  that  the 
dorsal  fin  is  shorter,  and  derated  or  falcate  in  front,  the  free  border 
being  deeply  incised,  and  that  the  candal  tin  is  similarly  elongated,  the 
apper  lobe  being  much  the  longer  and  greatly  attenuated. 

The  following  are  the  measurements  of  three  specimens :  10,788,  from 
Sandosky,  and  12,207  and  12,294  from  Cincinnati.  The  fractions  indi- 
cate percentage  of  the  length  to  the  base  of  the  caudal : — 


128     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOETH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ^III. 

Measurementa  of  three  epecimena  of  Myxostoma  aniaura. 


10788. 


Lenj^th,  inches 

Depth 

Len^h  of  head 

Width  of  interorhital  area  .... 

Leugth  of  snout 

Eye 

Length  of  base  of  dorsal 

Height  of  longest  ray  of  dorsal. 
Heightof  last  ray  of  dorsal  .... 
Length  uf  upper  caudal  lobe... 
Leugrh  of  lower  caudal  lobo... 
Length  of  middle  caudal  rays.. 

Dorsal  rays 

Scales 


21 
.28 
.18 
.08 
.07i 
.05 
.15i 
.22 
.10 
.31 
.36 
.13 
2,13 
6-46-5 


12267. 


8f 
.27 
.17 


.14* 
.22 


.29 
.25 


2,12 
6-45-« 


um. 


lOJ 
,26 

.18 


,16 
231 


.31 
.8S 


3,13 


It  is  perhaps  barely  possible  that  this  fish  is  the  male  of  aureolwm 
at  a  certain  age,  bat  it  seems  to  me  decidedly  improbable.  The  resem- 
blance between  the  two  is,  however,  very  strong,  and,  except  for  Uio 
fins,  they  eonld  hardly  be  distingnished. 

Specimena  in  United  States  Xational  Museum. 


Number. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

K)Or> 

10788 

Sandusky,  Ohio 

J.  W.  Milner. 

111  Of) 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. .............................       .    . 

X  W  Milner. 

11107 

Cincinnati,  Ohio ..,, 

J.  W.  Milner. 

11108 

Cincinnati,  Ohio -- 

J.  W.  Milner. 

J 

10.  MYX09TOMA  P(ECILUUA  Jordan. 

Varkgated-taHcd  Red  Horse. 
1S77 — Myxostoma  pcccilura  Jordan,  Bull.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mns.  x,  66, 1877, 
JUi/j-ostoma  pacilura  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  315, 1878. 

Hadita  r. — Tangipahoa  Kivcr,  Suutbeasteru  Louisiana. 

This  singular  species  is  known  only  from  two  specimens  in  the  United 
States  National  Mnseum,  recently  collected  by  Mr.  Fred.  Mather,  of 
the  United  States  Fish  Commission.  Whether  the  peculiar  form  and 
coloration  of  the  candal  is  general  or  is  confined  to  the  male  sex  is  not 
certain.  In  any  event,  it  will  serve  to  sharply  disiingnish  this  species 
from  all  the  others  now  known.  In  other  respects,  it  most  approaohet 
if.  tnacrolepidotum  laohrymale. 


MYXOSTOMA    CERVINUM. 
^jpMrivirM  ill  United  State*  National  Mwsrum. 


129 


kimWr. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

*M»^ 

Tao^paboa  Blvor,  LoniftiaDft......... 

Fred^MftUier. 

XL  MYXOSTOMA  ALBIDUM  (Oirard)  Jordan. 

SmaU'weaJed  Red  ffone, 

alHAu  Qiaunn,  Proo.  Ac.  Nnt.  Sci.  Thlla.  172. 
offrtdw  Oirard,  U.  S.  Mex.  BoDDd.  Sarv.  Ichth.  36,  pi.  xlx,  f  5-6^ 
1650. 
TrrH«tuti  atbidvs  JoitDAN  A.  Cofelako,  Cheek  List,  1&7,  liS7Q.    (Kftiuo  only.) 
Mgtmt^ma  alhldum  Jordan,  Man.  Tert.  K.  U.  S.  315, 1878. 
^AT^— Bio  San  Jnaii,  uvar  MuuUTey,  New  Leon,  in  Mexico. 

tprcieft  is  known  ouly  from  Girard^s  figure  aud  description.    No 

\i  uf  tbc  lips  is  given,  but  the  moatb  is  said  to  be  a  "  great  deal 

''  tban  in  Jf.  congcstum.    The  description  is  trivial,  but  the  figure. 

Its  alt  OoiTPCt,  represents  a  species  qnite  unlike  our  other  members  of 

Hetitni ;  the  chief  character  being  the  much  smaller  size  of  tlie  scales, 

in  tbe  description  ore  merely  stated  to  be  **  smaller  than  in  con- 

'.    Tbe  «i)ccies  may  possibly  belong  to  some  section  of  the  genus 

tluiD  tbe  oue  in  wbicb  it  is  here  placed.    The  original  types.  No. 

U.  S.  Nat.  Masenm,  from  Rio  San  Juan,  near  Monterey,  Xew  Leon, 

no  longer  to  be  found. 

12.  MTX08T0MA  CERVINUM  {Cope)  Jordan, 

Jmm}t-rQok»,    Jumping  Mullet, 
i—Tentmlaw  orrrimif  CoPE,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  ReL  Phlla.  336. 

Ftfdmli^maM  etrtinua  CupK,  Pmc.  Am.  riiilos.  8oc.  Phlln.  478, 1970. 
JtfinwfMva  oFrrtBum  JoiiDAN.  &tnn.  Vert.  liiOS,  1K7C. 

7frf*ilM  errrintu  Jo&bAH  A  Copela.ni>,  Check  List,  157, 1S7G.    (Nuiue  ocly.) 
ctrrlmum  Jokdas,  Ann.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  xi,3rw,  1H77. 
fwreiaum  Jouuss,  Mali.  Wrt.  E.  U.S.  ed,  2d,  Ma,  1^78. 
iu*  duijufMttii  urxTHRR,  Cot.  Fi«beft  Brit,  Mas.   vii,  483.      (Not  of  Le 
Saruff  Dor  ol  p,  19.) 

'RASnAT.— Riven  of  llie  Roolh  AlUutio  Slotcs,  from  the  James  to  the  Chattahoochee. 

Thit  t«  a  strongly  marked  and  very  abundant  species,  tbe  sojaUest  of 
ffeavs,  and  one  of  the  amallest  of  the  Catostomidaj.     It  occurs  in  tbe 


*Tw»  ■pecimeiifl,  types  of  the  apeoloa. 
BttHy.  M.  yo.  12-9 


130     CONTHIBUTION8  TO  NORTH  AMEEICAN  ICHTUYOLOGY III. 

greatest  nbamluoce  in  the  Bwiit  Btreaois  of  tbe  Bouth,  frequcntin| 
especially  the  rapids  or  "shoals",  and  often  thi'owiug  itself  from  th4 
water  iu  its  endeavors  to  reach  some  higher  rockpool.  It  is  too  smal 
and  the  tlesh  spoils  too  quickly  to  be  much  valued  for  food,  bat  grea4 
mimberti  are  caught  for  "  iun  "  by  negroes  and  boys.  The  largest  8i>ecl 
mens  which  I  have  seen  were  taken  in  the  Chattahoochee,  and  are  aboi 
ten  inches  in  length  ;  ordinary  individuals  are  four  to  six  inches  long. 

Spetitnent  in  United  Stain  Xntional  ^fuwum, 


NiiinUer. 

Locality. 

Collei-tor. 

7fia3 

6SXt 

* 14904 

Catawba  River ^  --   -  -   - - 

E.  D.  Cope 
D.  R..Ionla«. 
D.  8.  Jonlau. 

i    I 

Ocinnlgee  Rivor 

Sdliida  River........ 

_ 

Chattahoochee  Rivor 

D.  S.  Jonlan. 

P 

13.  MYXOSTOMA  ALBUM  {Cope)  Jordaiu 
White  MttJM. 
187&— P/^rA08romit«  atlmt  CoPX,  Proc  Am.  Philos.  Sac.  Fbilm.  473. 

Tnttulu9  rtUmn  JnitDAN  Sc  Coi*eLANt>,  Check  Lial«  15tf,  ItJTC.    (Name  only.) 
Myjontoma  alba  JoithAN,  Mao.  Vert.  t*i1.  3(1,  au>,  Ih7t4, 
HABTfAT. — CatAwba  and  other  riven  of  KoBteni  North  Caioliao. 

Tliis  Species  is  well  marked  by  the  peculiar  form  of  the  under  li| 
which  is  quite  small — a  narrow,  regular  crescent  following  the  bonndi 
of  the  mandible,  not  full,  as  in   the  species  previously  noted,  nor  witi 
the  sides  foldiu^  so  as  to  meet  ou  the  middle  line,  as  in  the  remaininj 
6i)ecie8  (excepting  thalaMJtinum).    Specimens  from  ^ortb  Carolina  in  tfaj 
Katioual  Museum  corres|>oud  well  to  Professor  Cope's  description,  exce| 
that  tlie  back  is  rather  more  elevatpd  than  one  would  infer  from  l*i 
fess<»r  Copers  remarks.    The  dorsal  rays  are  12  and  13  instead  of  1^ 
The  following  are  the  measnreuieuts  of  two  of  them,  18,535  and  14,1 
both  from  Kinston,  N.  C. :— 

'Typoa. 


MYXOSTOMA    TRALA89INnM. 
iiSmMnrtmemU  0/  twn  upet.imrnH  nf  Afj^roa/owa  albntn. 


131 


tc«0h«iDrbas 

HvfU  (iMatCMitago  of  lenj^th  to  boae  uf  cftada]) 

LM|CUi«r  bflftd 

Wl&'h  of  inCrrortittAl  mv% 

iltnf  Hiioat 

twtot  orUi 

(4  liwf  or  tlonal 

of  ilorvAl 

aflMt  my  of  dorsal 

of  outer  caadal  rays 

of  mtUille  caudal  raya 

igth  <kf  peotoniU 

itHT  of  ilafsftl  rays 


1S035, 

14913. 

13 

114 

.38 

.30 

.20 

.30 

.10 

.10 

.04 

.10 

.17 

.fid 

.1^1 

.09 

.S4 

,S4 

.21 

2,13 

2,13 

C-4&-5 

Hms  (brm  ia  elliptical,  not  inucli  comprease<l,  bnt  rather  elevated, 

jDsewbataa  iu^Viwjfcon  nm^ita,    DeadHbort  niul  stout,  liluntisb,  broad, 

roooded  above;  moaLh  somewhat  ioferior ;  the  pliocu  of  tbe  lips  few 

rather  broken  ;  dorKHl  tin  high,  its  free  bordvr  somewhat  concave; 

lal  aUoiigly  forked;  color  luNtrous  white,  with  greenish  reflections. 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  species,  reaching  the  wei^bt  of  foiu*  pounds 

vnocc    I^rofeA!M>r  Cope  states  that  it  is  much  valued  as  a  food-fish  by 

pecple  HriDg  in  the  neighborhood  of  Catawba  Kiver,  where  it  is  known 

atthcWbltia  Mallet. 

f^tdiniiM  in  Cnittd  StaUu  yational  Mmeum, 


^. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

Ntirlb  Carolina  ... 

G  B  Ooodc. 

1        ^%J^ 

Klii*l«i,  N. C-.... 

G.  B  Goodc 

ItBO 

Sarlli  C-orolina  ... 

G.  B.  GuimIp. 

IVTf 

1  RtDcton,  N.C 

J.W.Mthipr. 

wan 

',  Nurlli  GazuUna  ... 

G.  B,  Qoodo. 

1 

li.  MYXOSTOMA  THALA88INUM  {Cope)  Jordan, 
Green  ^^HUet, 
•F^tAofftoma*  lAaf/Mrfftim  Cors,  Proc.  Adi.  PblloB.  Soc.  Pbihi.  4?2,  1870. 
/WffalM  thaUmmttua  J*mvAH  di  CoPEl.wn>,  CIhm  k  Liat,  158,  IWO.    (Name  ouIy.> 
M$mmt»ma  tkaicatHta  Jordan,  Mao.  Vert.  cd.  2d,  310,  1A78. 
■unar^Yadkin  Ulvac. 


132    CONTBinUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOT UI. 

I  Uave  not  seeit  Ibis  species.    From  Professor  Copers  descriptioD^  \i 
would  appear  to  be  allied  to  M,  aWumt  bnt  distingaishablo  by  tb( 
iouger  head.  It  is  »  largo  species,  abundant  in  the  Yadkiu  River,  wber 
it  is  used  for  food. 

16.  MYXOSTOMA  VELATUM  (Cope)  Jordan. 

Snail-mouthed  Red  JIor»v. 

•Cato*ionuM  anlsurut  Kirtlakd,  BoBtou  Joum.  Nftt.  Uiet.  t,  869  (with  plate) 

(Not  of  RflliueAqno.) 
C'atoatofliuv  anumm*  8T0REn,  Synopsis,  424,  1B46. 
rt^luMtomvM  aniiurvM  Jobda»,  BdII.  BufiiUo  Soc.  Nat  HiBf.  04,  1870.    (Nai 

only.) 
Moxo»t<ma  animrHS  Jojidak,  Mad.  Yert.  ^^  1B76. 
Tmlulu9  <JHi4Mru9  Nklson,  Bull.  No.  1,  IIIb.  Mns.  Nat.  Hiat.  49,  1876. 
Trrftulu$  nuiituruii  .lorauN  &  CorKLANU,  Clirck  L\»t,  Ifid,  1H76.    (Name  ouly.) 
Mi>£0»i<ma  (infrirruni  Jordan,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sc  Phila.  72,  1^77. 
t^fivontoma  aniHuntm  JoitiiAN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pliilo.  80,  li?77. 
Jloxoaloma  anivurn  Juiedan  &.  OlLBBJlT,  io  Klippart's  Sept.  53,  1677.     (Ni 

only.) 
Mjfxontoma  anisura  Joiedax,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mqb.  Ix,  33, 1977. 
l^O—PftfchoBtomHB  celalua  Cope,  Proc.  Am.  Philoa.  Soc.  Phila.  471. 
}fojvdtoma  rcUitiim  JonnAX,  Man.  Vert.  29(1,  IS7l). 
Tirelulua  rrlatum  Nki.8on,  Bnl).  No.  1,  IIU.  Mna.  Mat.  Hist.  49, 1976. 
Trretuiut  rr^dlu*  JoitDAK  &  Copkuinv,  Cbeck  Liat,  15^,  lii76.    (Naine  only.) 
IfoccMloffM  rttata  Jouvxs  iV  Gildi£KT,  lu  KliitpartV  R«pt.  53, 1676.    (NanM  onlyj 
MjfXMtoma  vtlata  .Tordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  3il,  317,  187H. 
1670— rr^AM/omtu  eoltap4iu  Cope,  Proc.  Am.  Pbilos.  Sue.  Phila.  47L 

Habitat. — Upper  Miasiasippi  Valloy  to  Georgia  and  South  Carolina.   Neuae,  Yi 
Cntaivbn,  Clinch,  Yoagbiogbeny  and  Wabnsh   Rivers  {Cope).      Chickamanga,  01 
\Vaba.§li,  Illinois,  Bock,  and  Wisconsin  Bivem  (Jordan).    Lake  Eric  (Jordan), 

This  8i)ecies  is  one  of  the  most  widely  distributed  species,  aUbou] 
it  does  not  seem  to  be  as  abundant  in  individuals  as  several  othei 
There  is  considerable  variation  in  foim  among  different  speciuiens,  bi 
all  (he  species  with  long  dorsal  fin  and  small  ^shaped  mouth  app* 
to  belong  to  one  species,  for  which  the  name  velatum  should  be  ret.aiu< 

The  finding  of  a  species  with  unequal  caudal  lobes  renders  it  ovidoi 
that  the  identification  of  Raflne8que*s  aniHums  with  this  species  is  ii 
correct.    The  name  next  in  order  is  velatus  Cope.    The  dilTerence  if 
the  size  of  the  eye  between  colhpautf  Cope  and  vclatwi  Oope  appears 

due  to  diCfereuce  in  age  merely.    Younger  specimens  have  tbo  eyj 
proiwrtionally  larger. 


MYXOSTOMA    PIDIENSE.  133 

I  did  not  flud  nny  specimeDS  of  this  species  id  the  United  States 
latidiiA]  Mctt^ata.    The  types  of  relatua  and  colhpHus,  pro.8ervcd  iu  tbe 
m  of  the  Academy  of  Kataral  Sciences,  at  Pbiladelphiat  T  hare 
tined. 

16L  MYXOSTOMA  CONGESTUM  [Baird  <£  Oirard)  Jordan, 

Gihbou9  Sucker, 

•CaHmtommM  c9»gmtu»  Bairh  dt  Gii£aki>,  Proc.  Ac,  Nat.  80.  Pliila.  ^. 
Fh/f^tmtomu9  amQatut  Gih/lKD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Su.  Phila.  172, 1B5G. 
ftpiii0atomiu  congestua  GiiijlRD,  1*.  6.  Mcx.  BonucL  San*.  Ichtb.  'JG,  pL  xxi,  f. 

ISO. 
CtlMlvmiw  oro^rnfN*  Gt:NTiii:Rf  Cut.  Fisbeti  Brit.  Mus.  vii,  10,  l>^iS. 
Ttn^im  confffatuM  Johdah  &.  Coi'Klanu,  Check  List,  157,  l^U.    (Name  only.) 
M$jnwipma  wmg«$t«  JortUAN,  Mao.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  317, 187cJ. 
■PUiekotUmu*  bueco  Col'K,  Hayden'ti  Gtol.  Sorv.  Wyoming,  1870,  437. 
TtrtttUm  bueco  JoitUAX  6l  CopKtAKi>,  Cbeok  List,  157,  lb76.    (Name  ouly.) 

HasnAT.^KatMHia  to  Texaa. 

Tb«  ort^nal  type  of  congestusy  Ko.  171,  tVom  Itio  Salado,  Texas,  col- 

;lrd  ID  1851  by  Jobti  H.  Clark,  seems  to  bare  disappeared  from  the 

[lueQin.    yo  descriptioQ  of  the  oioutb  baa  been  giveu,  except  that  it  is 

vfty  amalP.    The  ajn'oies,  therefore,  probably  has  a  month  similtir  To 

of  tclntumy  aud,  if  so,  is  probably  identical  with  the  species  since 

dorribed  aa  P,  hucco  by  Professor  Coi>e.    I  have  not  seen  the  type  of 

htteco,  andy  ibi^refore,  can  only  suggest  the  probable  identity  of  the 

the  matter  ih  likely  to  remain  long  unsettled,  itseeius  best 

to  DDite  them.    "P.  oongestuu^  Copo  &  Yarrow  is  certainly 

Btt  this  Hpeoiea;  mare  likely  a  form  of  3/.  macrolepidotum, 

17.  MYXOSTOMA  PIDIENSE  (Cope)  Jordan. 

MuU€(  qfthe  Great  Pedee. 

IU  pidiemaU  Cora,  Proo.  Am.  PhiloA.  Hoc.  Phila.  471. 
7eninim»  pidiimM0  Jordan  &.  Copeland,  Chuck  List,  158,  1670.    (Name  ouly.) 
Mpmtt\mm  pidim»i$  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  :)17,  IcQ'H. 

Hawtat,'— tinat  Pede«  River,  North  Carolina. 

Thitappeara  to  bo  a  slender  species,  resembling  '^P.  cerviniu  iu  color, 
6*9,  and  sfzo".  Professor  Cope  obtained  it  in  the  Yadkin  River,  t 
^B^Dot  Reeo  it.     No  specimens  are  in  the  National  Mnscam. 


134     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOHTU  AMEHICAN  ICHTIiyOLOOY — IXL 

18.  MYXOSTOMA  COREGONUS  {Cope)  Jordan, 

lituc  MuVeL 

1870 — Pttfchoatomu*  corcgontts  Copk,  Prtjc.  Am.  Pbiloe.  Soo.  Pbila.  472. 

Tertluliu  cvre^onas  Joiti>AN  A.  CopeulM),  Check  List,  lf»i^,  1876.    (NiuDe  only.) 
Mifxonloma  cortgonuB  Joui>AN,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  317,  1878. 

Haoitat. — Catawba  aud  Yadkin  Rivers,  North  Caroliua. 

1  bavo  uot  seen  tbis  species.    Professor  Cope  slates  tbat  '^it  neverj 
oxceedH  a  foot  in  length,  and  is  very  abundant  iu  the  Catawba 
Yadkin  Rivera.    It  is  caught  with  the  precediuiif  two  spetuea  ami 
U8ed  for  food,  but  is  the  least  valued  of  all  the  species.    It  is  called 
Morgautou,  Blue  Mullet"    There  are  uo  specimens  iu  the  Natioui 
Museum. 

19.  MYXOSTOMA  PAPILLOSUM  (Cope)  Jordan, 

Papilh»e  AfvUel, 

1870— i*(ycA«Mf»muji papjtillogut  Copr,  Proc.  Am.  PbUoa.  Soc.  Philo.  470. 

TcrdutM pappHliMntit  JuitPAN*  iV  CorELAND,  Chook  List.  109|  1670.    (Nanio  ou\j^ 
M^xottoma  ^Hipiltowum  Jokdan,  Ann.  Ly o.  Nat.  Hint.  N.  Y.  x],  360^  1877.    (Ooc 

(H^c  Rivor.) 
Mi/xoatoma  papiUosa  JORDAX,  Man.  Vert.  od.  Sd,  318|  187& 

HaHITat.— North  Carolioa  to  Georgia. 

This  S(>ecie8  appears  to  be  very  abundant  in  all  the  streams  from  ihi 
Gre4it  Pedee  to  the  Altawnha.    Tu  its  general  character  and  iippeuram 
it  is  very  similar  to  the  rest  of  the  geuos ;  but  the  mouth  is  rcmarkal)]] 
different,  the  lower  lip  being  fall,  thick,  decidedly  ]>apillosc,  stronglj 
incised  behind,  being  very  much  as  in  Catostomxut  nipricarnt. 

My  specimens  do  not  agree  very  well  with  I^rofessor  Coi>e's  dc^ticrij 
tion;  bnt  this  is  probably  due  to  their  greater  size.    Still,  a  posstbf 
lity  exists  that  two  species  of  this  type  inhubit  our  South  Atluuti^ 
States. 

The  head  in  my  specimens  is  very  large,  flattish  above,  oarroired  fc 
wanls,  and  more  than  one  fourth  of  the  length,  without  caudal.    Thi 
month  is  very  largo  aiid  inferior.    The  body  is  oblong,  comprei 
heavy  forwards ;  the  back  moderately  elevated.    The  eye  is  qait    ' 
high  up,  and  well  back.    The  free  border  of  the  dorsal  tin  is  sin 


MYXOaTOUA   PAPILLOSUM. 


136 


co&rex,  sometiiues  concave.    The  following  are  the  measarements  of 
troflpecimeDs: — 


Idfth,  iucheft 

rtpth  (percentage  of  leogth) 


Fiftb  of  interorbital  area 
i«gthof  noat 

SiuMler  of  orbit 

tagck  of  ban  of  donal . .. 

l^fhtof  longest  rsy 

Briiktofbwtrsy 

Dimlriy" 


14989. 

18536. 

16* 

12 

.29 

.27 

.26 

.24 

.10 

.12 



.05 

.19 

.16 

.19 

.10 

2.14 

2,10 

6-46-6 

In  color,  this  species  is  smoky  above,  the  sides  silvery,  the  lower  fins 
vhite. 

Professor  Cope  says  that  *^  they  attain  one  foot  in  length,  and  do  not 
eieeed  one  poand  iu  weight''.  I  have  specimens  a  foot  and  a  half  long 
lad  of  three  pounds  or  more  weight. 

In  the  Ocmulgee,  the  species  is  next  to  M.  cervtnum  the  most  abandant, 
lad  is  called  the  White  Mullet,  or  Sacker.  Professor  Cope  found  it 
futeabaudant  in  the  Catawba  and  the  Yadkin  Rivers,  where  it  "is 
Ufbly  valued  by  the  inhabitants  as  an  article  of  food.  It  is  regarded 
M  the  best  of  the  Catostomi  for  that  purpose.  It  is  less  frequently 
eugbt  on  the  hook  than  some  other  species,  but  in  the  autumn,  they 
eone  upon  the  weirs  in  considerable  numbers.  The  fishermen  call  it 
the 'Shiner'.'' 


Speeiment  i»  the  United  8tate$  National  Museum. 


limber. 


Locality. 


14%9,  KiiiHton,  N.C 
1^036;  Kiii<4  on,  N.C 
1«I7  :  KiiMton,  N.  C 


lifiSci 
iW70 
WSOR 


KiDHton,  N.C 

KlDHtOD,  N.C 

KiDittoiiy  N.C 

OcmalfEee  Biver,  Qa. 


Collector. 


J.  W.  Miluer. 
.T.  W.  Milner. 
J.W.Milner. 
J.  W.  MilDcr. 
J.W.Milner. 
J.W.MilDer. 
D.  S.  Jordan. 


136     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  IcnTHYOLOOY — IlL 


Genus  MINYTREMA  Jordan. 

Minytrona  .JORDAN,  Man.  Vert.  wK  Sd,  3IS,  1878. 

t'atottomuit,  riyoJiostmnu*,  Moxoatomat  and  Erimyton  sp..  Authojia. 

Tyiw,  Catmtovxua  melanop*  RAfio«aqoe. 

Etyniologj./ifvi^,  redoced;  rpv^a,  apertnre,  in  alluBion  to  the  imperfect loos  of 
Literal  line. 

Species  with  Llie  form,  sqaBniation,  and  general  api»earanc*»  of  My^ 
stomUf  but  Willi  tbc  air-bladder  iu  two  parts,  as  iu  Erimj/zon^  and  tl 
lateral  lioe  imperfect — in  the  very  young  entirely  obsolete,  in  half  gro^ 
Bpeciiueos  showing  as  a  Bucccssiou  of  deepened  farrows,  in  the  adolt 
with  perfect  tubeH,  but  interrupted,  these  tubes  being  wanting  on  soin^ 
of  the  scales,  especially  posteriorly. 

Dead  motlerate,  rather  broad  above ;  month  moderate,  inferior,  hi 
izontal^,  the  upper  lip  well  developed,  freely  protractile,  the  lower  ratJw 
small,  iufulded,  A*shaped  iu  outline,  pli(^te,  with  12  to  20  plicie  on  eael 
side;  lower  jaw  witbont  cartilaginous  sheath;   eye  moderate,  nitb< 
high  up,  placed  about  midway  of  the  head.     Suborbital  bones  consii 
erably  developed,  not  very  mncb  narrower  than  the  fleshy  portioD 
the  cheek  below  them,  the  posterior  suborbital  conwivo-couvex,  aboa^ 
twice  as  long  as  deep,  sometimes  divided,  the  anterior  somewhat  dee| 
than  long,  often  di\ided  into  two,  sometimes  united  with  the  preorbil 
which  is  well  developed  and  much  longer  than  broad.    The  number  ao^ 
form  of  these  bones,  exc«pt  us  to  their  depth,  are  not  constant  iu 
same  species,  and  do  not  afford  si>eciflc  charactors.    Opercnlar  bones  wi 
developed,  not  much  rugose.    Fontanelle  evident,  rather  large.     Gill 
rakers  rather  long,  in  length  about  half  the  diameter  of  the  eye.     Isth- 
mus moderate.     Phaiyngeal  bones  essentially  lis  in  Myxoatoma, 

Body  rather  elongate,  saluerete,  becoming  deep  and  rather  oompi 
with  age.    Scales  rather  large,  nearly  eqnal  over  the  body,  the  radiattnj 
furrows  not  specially  marked.    Lateral  Hue  as  above  described,  inl 
rnpted  in  the  adult,  but  with  perfect  tulies,  imperfect  in  partly  groi 
specimens,  entirely  obsolete  in  the  young.     Scales  in  a  loiigitudini 
series  44  to  47  in  number,  12  to  14  in  a  transverse  series  from  dorsal 
ventrals. 

Dorsal  An  rather  short  and  high,  with  about  12  developed  rayii, 
ginning  rather  nearer  the  snout  than  the  base  of  the  candid.  V*hM\ 
Hus  moderate,  not  reaching  ventrals,  the  latter  not  to  veul.  VenI 
rather  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the  dorsal,  their  r.tyit  normally 


GENUS   MINYTBEMA. 


137 


i«l^jftor  10.    Anal  fiu  high  aud  short,  often  more  or  less  emargiuate 

Cauda)  flu  oioUerateb'  forkec],  the  1obe«  about  cquul. 
fAir-bladtler  with  two  chambers. 

lug  with  the  bead  covered  with  many  small  tubercles. 
:iea  of  this  geuns  Heems  to  be  kuowu.    It  is  widely  dis- 
ited  in  the  waters  of  the  Westeru  and  Southern  States. 
ThiA  ^DQS  baa  beeu  recently  separated  from  Erimyzon,  on  account  of 
peealiarities  of  the  hiteral  line.    The  form  of  the  bod>,  the  form  of 
OKMitbtaDd  the  character  of  Che  squainatiou  differ  considerably  iu  the 
genenu 

Ommio  CharacttrisatioHt. 

Hdttkbm*  Jordan,  IH7B. — ''Yoong  npecimeDS  of  this  Bp«ci«a  (,melapop»)  bAve  do 
of  ■  likt«Tft]  line,  as  in  EHmjit09.    Older  onpA  (6  to  6  ioobi^fl)  show  a  de/tpening  of 
!«■  aIook  tbe  inf>di«D  Mries  of  scftlfo.     Aclnllit  of  12  to  1*^  inolieH  show  u  iM:ri<-H 
tpUwty  tSevclopMi  tutwa,  which,  hovrrvor,  arc  wuuliug  <  n  boiuc  of  the  scjiIch, eapo- 
tebibd-    A*  trimj/am  never  shows  uuy  tracer  (if  the  ViiXwii  of  tht«  lateral  lioe,  tbe«e 
tstms  ho  hvM  to  iDilicoto  gvooric  Ui«tiDctiun,and  thr  uartie  J/inyfrrma  ia 
rof  &  inW«iH»p«."— (JOKBAX.  Man.  Vtrl,  ed.  8d,  31B.  1OT8.) 


AKALTftta  OF  apECIKS  OF  UIICrTKRUA 

kkiDK,  little  compreMed;  the  young  uearly  terete  ;  the  adnlts  deepor^bodied ; 
TiBarmal  rvgiun  tint  derated:  depth  alnint  4  in  length,  varying  from  abont  3  in 
adaSta  Iu  li  in  the  yonng  :  brad  not  very  large,  A\  in  length  (tf  body  (4^  to  A\), 
■■I  »p»rtjUIy  depresMed  :  mucous  pores  rather  stioog:  eye  fiuiall,5  to  G  iu  bead: 
aovili  t|(**<*s  inferior,  bonzontal,  rather  Bmall :  scaleti  large,  fltui,  regulaily  and 
idhlf  imbnoated,  in  40  (44-17)  longitndinBl  HerieH  and  13  (13  to  14)  trannverHo 
the  acalea  act  crowded  forwards:  fin-rays  usually,  dorsal  12,*  anal  7,  veu- 
tab9. 
OaUtntJon  dosicy  almve,  with  osuftlly  a  black  blotch  behind  the  dorsal  fiu  :  each 
'^fn  Willi  a  small,  more  or  less  disttnct  blackish  spot  at  i  s  base, 
Mjg  interrupted  longitudinal  lines  along  the  rowa  of  scales. 
are  naually  very  diatinct.  *  apecially  in  the  adult,  but  young  speuiuioua 
■bow  ibein  Abintly :  tiides  and  belly  silvery,  with  a  cop{>ery  lustre:  sexual 
pecabatitioi  moderately  lusLrked;  very  old  uiules  with  the  bead  covered  with  euiull 
in  «|iritig  :  tio  grrat  cbangra  with  age,  either  In  form  or  coluratiou :  aljco 
';  laAxinam  leugtb  about  14  inches MKLaKora,SO. 


L  tab». 

K 


*  JMla  aQ  CMM  Its  tb«  present  paper,  the  mumher  o/ ticrthjjvd  ray»  is  hem  understood, 
two,  or  thrv«  mdiaoiitary  rays  not  being  counted,  and  the  last  ur  double  ray 
^  \ht  dvntti  and  anmX  being  counted  a«  onu. 


138     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOT— HI. 


20.  MINYTBEMA  MELANOPS  {Rxijineaque)  Jordan, 


Striptd  Suckrr.    Sand  Sitcktr. 

1820 — Ca/M/omN9  mdnnopn  KafisesijCK.  Idi.  Oh.  Tj?. 

CatMlvmtix  meftiuupnig  KlRTLANP,  Zoo].  Ohio,  109.  IdS??. 

CaiiMlomaa  melanopa  KiRTLASi>,  Boston  Jonrn.NAt.  Hist,  v,5en,  1645. 

CatomtrmutM  virlanopH  STiinER,  Pynopsia,  45i4, 1**4<J. 

i'fjT^JiaffftJrNiM  mr^iii<i;M>AGA88lz,  Am.  Jmirn.Sc  Arta,liU]  stiric*,  xix,  S04, 18^ 6. 

VtyvhwlomuM  melanopt  CoPB»  Proc.  Am.  Philoft.  Soc.  PhiU.  47S,  1870. 

Erimiizon  iHcfano/H  JonuAN,  Bull.  BnlTalu  Soc.  Nnt.  Hiet, 95, 1870. 

Erimifzou  me/'iicijM  Jt>Ki>AN,  Mau.  Vi*rt.  ^4,  lf<7ii. 

Erimyzun  nxrtanopa  Nel!k>n,  Ball.  No.  1,  Ill».  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  46,  \^C%. 

LrimyzOH  mihiMOpK  JORDAN  »t  Coi'ELAsri,  CLuck  Lial,  157, 1'ffU 

ErimycvH  mttaNopu  JujtPAN,  Anu.  Lye  Na(.  Hist.  X.  Y,  xi,  1147.  l-^'T*. 

MtHtftitma  mtUinopa  JoHDAN,  Mail.  Vi^rl.  tKl.  2d. 31^,  ltf79. 
iH-U—t'Ahmtomas  Jtudatutt  (Li£  &i;k.rR  MSS.)  Cuvif.r  d.  Valknc1k.\XC6,  Hist.  Nal.  di 
Poiiwous,  xvli,449. 

CatosiooiaafaiKiattu  Btorkk.  SynopniA,  4:20. 1^46. 

Catoslomu* /(uciatus  OO.NTUCn,  Cat.  Fisbea  Brit.  Mna.  vii,  19. 1H08. 
1H5(^— J^oj-osfvnifj  viLiorinr  GiRAitI>,  Pixjc.  Ac,  Nat.  Sc.  riiil,».  171. 

MoioKtoma  i  trfirrJirGlirAiii*.  U.  8.  Mex.  lUiiitul.  8iirv.  Itbth.  :)5.  pK  luc.  f.  1-0, 1800; 
lti6l>— r'jfeAux/ffmuji  Uatfdmi  GiluitD,  Pruc.  Ac.  Nat,  Au.  PhiU.  172. 

rij/cJtQHtamHH  haj/dtni  Gikabi>.  U.  S.  Pac.  K.  R.  Ex|»l.  x,  220.  pi.  xlix,  f.  1-4, 185& 

Ttrtttilus  kat/dinl  Jordan  &  CorEi_\M»,  Check  List,  157,  lOTti. 
1677 — TeretulH»  »uetUa  Jokdan  •&  Gilbert,  in  KlippartV  Kept.  Flah  Commr.  Obloj 
(8uppoa6d  to  Iw  C.  $uceita  Lftc£[i5de,  aa  it  was  purhaps  in  port  the  C  m 
ol'  Ctiv.  Jk.  Viil.  and  of  Bow.) 

Enm^aon  Buortta  J(»iu>AN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Moa.  x,  35,  Ir^. 

Habitat. — Great  Lnke  Region  to  South  Carolina  nnd  Texoo. 

Tbis  filth,  altbougU  a  very  abunilaut  one  in  tbe  Mi^HlBsippi  Basii 
seems  to  buve  been  overlooked  by  most  recent  writers.  Itulluesqa^ 
4lesorllH>tl  it  rather  poorly.  Dr.  Eirtland  wr.s  able  to  recognize  tbe  M 
from  Ualinesque-8  account,  and  baa  givt-n  a  very  good  description  aa< 
an  intliUVriMit  Hgure.  Valeucieunes  descril>ed  it  fairly,  and  Aj 
seeuiB  to  buvc  been  acquainted  with  it,  altbougb,  deceived  by  it4  exU 
iial  appearauce,  bo  took  it  for  a  Myxoatoma  {Ptychostomua),  Girard  dcx| 
described  ami  ti^ured  it  as  t\?o  B(>ecic*8,  belotigiiig  f  u  two  diiiV-rent  geuei 
Professor  Cope,  for  some  reason,  did  not  obtain  it  in  any  of  bis  colU 
tioDS,  and  eeems  to  bnve  bad  inucb  difficulty  in  identifying  Kirtland^ 
account.  In  1875,  tbe  writer,  noticing  certain  reaemblanccs  to  I^rim]fsoi 
oblongtut,  was  led  to  dissect  a  number  of  individuals,  and  found  tbal 


iu  |ioQda  and  biiyous.     It  in  used  for  lood,  and  is  pretty  good 
Sacker*^,  which  is  Dot  saying  tnucb.    Tbi8  species  is  more  tbaa 
tfitacious  of  life,  and  yoaug  specUueus  are  rather  iuterestiii^;  as 
im  finhes. 
[ayuonymy  of  this  fepecies  ueeds  a  few  words.    It  was  originally 
by    liaQnesqae  as  n  species  with  a  lateral  line.    This  first 
1  is  quite  iudifTin-eiit,  but  the  .icc(»unt  of  the  coloration,  and  the 
Striped  Sucker,  euabled  Dr.  Kirtlaud  reat^ily  to  identify  it,  but 
T  writer  found  the  »*  lateral  lino  obsolete".     Later,  VHleneiennes 
it  Dudcr  Lo  Sueur's  MSS.  name  of fascitttus,  and  found  a  lateral 
Le  Sueur*H  specimens  were  from  the  Wubash,  there  can  be  no 
f  their  ideuiity  with  jnclanopjt.    Later,  Dr.  Oirard  describe^l  and 
Texan  Hpecimens  without  the  lateral  line  under  the  name  of 
vicU>ri(Ct  and  specimens  with  the  lateral  line  from  the  Upper 
Ite^oti  as  Itychofttomus  hatfdenL    The  types  of  neither  of  these 
arc  prwerved,  but  iw  distinctions  from  wehmopa  are  noticed  iu 
^caM^  by  the  des<!riber,  and  the  rauge  of  mclanopn  certainly  includes 
ijfisaoari  river  and  tlie  waters  of  Texas. 

name  sueetta  has  been  once  or  twice  employed  by  me  for  this 

itfrooeoasly,  as  I  am  now  convinced.    I  found  this  species  iu 

la  South  Carolina  J  and  Le  Sueur,  apparently  quoting  from 

;,  ssya:— -**  Sides  silvery,  with  browu  spots  at  the  base  of  the 

KevertheleM,  on   inspection  of  Lac<<!p6de^s  description,  and 

tbe  colored  tlgare  which  he  gives  from  a  drawing  by  Bosc, 


140    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTIIYOLOGY — HL 

uruil.  As  for  the  expre86iou,  **  brown  spots  nt  the  base  of  the  scaU 
if  rc;iUy  ori;;iDating  with  Bosc,  as  nppeArs  to  be  tli6  case,  it  may  b| 
arisen  fn>tn  the  coufuaioti  oi' Hitcetta  with  melanopsj  which  species  iuh 
its  the  sumo  waters,  or  it  iiiny  simply  r<>tcr  to  the  obscure  duKkinesi 
tbe  buses  of  the  saUes,  comuou  to  both  species. 

I  have  examiued  many  specimeus  of  Minytrema  melatuypn  kom 
Great  Lukes,  from  various  places  iu  the  Mis.^issippi  Valley,  ami  from 
Teunessce,  Alabama,  Sautee,  aud  other  Soutbera  rivers,  and  can  : 
no  difler(*uces  of  auy  imi>ortaDce.    Indeed,  the  species  seems  to  be  v 
little  variable  for  oue  so  widely  distributed. 

Speoimen$  in  tht  United  States  Nati&nal  J/ii«ffiM», 


Nomber. 


Locality. 


Collector. 


Sandusky,  Obio 

Baudliisky,  Obio 

Saudusky,  Ohio 

Sandusky,  OliIu  

Rouud  Lake,  Muutgouiery,  Ala 
licoiiistrfiad,  Tux. 

Wliit«Riv(5r,  liiiliftun 

Kluvrub  River,  Qi.'orgia 

Saluda  Rirer,  SonUi  CaroHoa.. 


J.  \V.  Mi'ner. 
J,  W.  MUner. 
J.  W.  Milrver. 
J.  W.Miluor. 
Kuiuli(;u& 
Kiiuilicu  JcKi 
Dr.  KenoeiB. 
D.  8.  Jurdaa. 
D.S.  Jordan. 
D.  S.  Jordao* 


Genua  EIllMYZON  Jordan, 

Mcxosioma  Agassiz,  Am.  Joarn.  8c.  Arto,  1654,  9)0.    (Not  of  RafiaMque.) 
Srimitson  .Iokiun,  Bull.  Bnff.  Sue.  Nat.  Hist.  tH7r>,  U'. 

TertiuiuM  COPK,  SynoiHin  of  KiBbm  of  N.  C.  id  ed.  Addtuda,  1877.    (Not  of  fi.tfii 
Ct/prinH*,  Ca/of(OMiw,  »uil  Labco  ayt.,  K\HLY  AI'Tuors. 

Type,  Cjtfirinut  ohtonffua  Mitcbill  =  Cifprinu*  vucettn  L»o. 

Elymulo];y,  ipt,  ua  tutcuaivo  putiolu ;  /t(<iu,  to  anok. 

Head  moderate,  rather  broad  above  :  muiiih  nio<lerate,  somewUal 
ferior,  the  npprr  lip  well  developed,  freely  prutractilo,  the  low^^r 
ate,  infolded,  y^-«ha[>ed  in  outline,   plicate,  with  12-20  plicfD  on 
side:  lower  Jaw  without  cartilagiuous  sheath,  rather  struugur  tbau 


GENHS    ERIMYZON. 


141 


litioti  wheu  the  moutb  is  closed,  tke  mouth  thus  similar 
to  that  of  JchihyohtM,  Kye  moderate,  rather  high  up,  placed  nboDt  mid- 
way of  the  bend :  suborbital  Itones  coii8id4*rab1y  developed,  uut  very 
moth  nftiTower  (han  tbe  fiesby  portion  of  the  cbeek  below  tbem,  the 
pwf ti ior  (tttbiirl>ital  coucavo-coDvex,  about  twice  as  louf^  as  deep,  some- 
tjBH  dirided,  tbe  anterior  somewhat  deeper  than  long,  sometimes 
dHridrd  iuto  two,  sometimes  uuited  with  tbe  preorbital  bone,  which  is 
veU  derelopecl  and  mnch  longer  than  broad.  Opercnlar  lK>nes  moder- 
ately Ucrelo|>ed,  scarcely  or  not  rugose.  Foutanello  evident,  rather 
Ince.  Gitl-rakora  ratber  long,  abont  half  the  diameter  of  tbe  eye  in 
tlu  Isthmus  moderately  developed,  about  the  width  of  tbe  eye. 
Pharyngeal  bones  weak,  tbe  teeth  (^uite  small,  slender,  and  weak, 
lly  diminishing  in  length  upwards,  e-acb  tooth  narrowly  compressed, 
cusp  on  the  iuuer  murgin  of  the  catting  sarface^  and  some  ine- 
ilitbes  bettidea. 
Body  oblong,  rather  shortened,  heavy  forwards  and  considerably  com- 


rntber  large,  more  or  less  crowded  forwards,  sometimes  showing 

itieBof  arrangement,  tbe  longitudinnl  radiating  furrows  much 

m  DKnal,  the  scales  rather  longer  than  deep,  butsoinibri- 

iHtou  ...  .:i.  adult  that  tbe  exposed  surfaces  appear  deeper  than  long. 

lAteral  line  entirely  wanting.    Scales  in  the  longitndinal  series  from 

Wad  to  base  of  citudal  35  to  45  in  number ;  scales  in  transverse  row  from 

lH»of  ventrul  to  dors4il  12  to  18. 

Doraal  fln  rather  short  and  high,  with  from  10  to  14  developed  rays, 

numl>rr  usually  11  or  12. 
BrginDing  of  dorsal  fin  rather  nearer  snont  than  base  of  caudal.  Pec- 
toral Ann  moderate,  not  reaching  ventrals  ;  the  latter  not  to  vent. 
Ventral*  under  a  point  rather  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  dorsal ; 
tr  ra>4  normally  9,  but  occasionally  8  ur  10. 
il  fin  bigb  and  ebort,  more  or  less  emargioate  or  bilobed  in  adult 
;  caadat  fln  moderately  forked  or  merely  Innate,  its  two  lobes 

▲j;  -  r  with  two  chambers. 

Thi*  genus  baa  a  very  wide  range,  one  of  its  two    known  species 
frobably  ocoorring  in  all  the  streams  of  tbe  Uuited  States  east  of  the 

T..  ..f  (bisgi^nuH  seems  to  have  been  first  noticed  by  DeKay, 

v^  kovever,  errooeoasly  snpposcil  it  to  be  identical  with  the  Afri- 


5 


142     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY III. 


can  pennH  Labfo  of  Onvier  nm!  Valoncieunes.     Its  essenttHi  charactei 
the  absence  of  tbo  Inttral  Hue — was  first  noticed  by  Professor  A^asffii 
who  iileiitified  its  ty|>ical  Rpecien  with  CafosUmms  [Mojrostoma)  antJiHrti 
Kafliipsqu*%  uimI    tlierefore  erronvonaly  cnlled    the   geniiH   MumHion 
The  ;ipplicatiou  of  tlie  imnie  Moruatomn  to  the  Hed  Ilorse  jrroup 
)K)inte(]  oni  by  the  preiient  writer  in  1870 ;  the  name  Erimi/z^n  b< 
then  BUji^ested  (or  the  group  now  under  eonf^tdemtioii. 

The  use  of  the  nnme  Tcretulm  for  thin  genus  has  been   hitely  fta| 
(ji:e.sted  by  Professor  Cope,  its  Hpeciefl  being  among  those  enumet';ited  bj 
Ualiuesqne  ns  composing  liiH  **  otnniHM  ffatherum  ^  to  which  the  Ui 
TeretuiuM  wasap|ilied.    If  we  Hubtruut  from  the  original  ^roup  TerrtuU 
tlie  dift'erent  component  penera  in  order  of  time  of  proposal,  the  lai 
one  lell  would  be  Erimyzon,  or  rather  Mint/trefmt.    But  (he  name  Tt 
UUvx  has  already  been  restricted  by  Professor  Cope  to  the  Bed   Hoi 
gron]>,  the  principal  component  of  Kafiuesque'S  Teretutus,     In  my  opil 
ioUf  it  f^lionld  remain  there,  although  the  earlier  name  Myxostouia  i-endei 
it  but  a  synonym.     Wo  cannot  afford  to  reconsider  our  ufto  of  the»c  ol 
colletdive  generic  nnme»  whenever  a  new  genua  is  propoaeil,    Th<^  "ml 
of  exclusion^,  tf  stiffly  ndhered  to,  wonld  require  the  sultHtitution 
Acomufi  for  Prt«?o«/cH»,  inasmuch  as  a  species  of  the  latter  genuH  wi 
referred  by  (lirard  to  the  former.     This  question  is  further  ili8<Hii 
under  MyjcoHtoma. 

Gentrio  CharacterijatUmt. 

Lahro  £>«Kay,  1B42. — "Oursal  luo^.    Nu  apiuea  nor  l>arbolH.    Lips  AmIiv,  ao4 
qnently  creimted." — (DeKay,  iVwp  }'urk  Fnutm,  FiakeMf  llfti.) 

MoxoBTUMA  Xgwuxz,  lb55. — '*Tbe  ajieciea  of  thw  Kcnna  coatnist  grMlly  witti  tl 
of  ikll  other  Kcntini  of  the  family  of  Cyprinoida,  by  the  total  ubsenco  of  external  oj 
iiigH  ill  \\w  Literal  line,  vtHiblu  iipoD  the  settled.     There  ia  tndMil  do  roie  of  /H-r/unsI 
acaltTH  upott  the  Ku/rx  of  thv  body,  1o  mark  ilie  maiD  course  uf  tbo  Ay8t(*ni  of  liitifa 
vnding  the  hkin  in  mo8t  fmhef,  nnd  the  pornH  truver^iog  tbo  nkin  which  rnrrre 
bkiill  auU  cbtH^kN,  iw  well  nHtht«  lower  ji*w,  nreMimiDiitoiin  toi>ec»|>c  the  iinArmmt 
In  this  rrapect  tbo  gcuns  Moxo^tovxa  *\\fivn  grvatly  from  all  otbrr  alxlouiiital  li«b«4i 
which  tbo  lawral  Wiw  U  dietiuctly  uiarkeU  by  a  Mries  of  tubva  truveroltiff  u  pruuui 
row  of  (walw  ilouff  the  videB,  and  extending  IhioDgh  Iho  mastoids  lu  tin*  forel 
ftud  flionj;  the  prcupurcle  to  Ibe  syutphysis  uf  Ibv  lower  Jtiw.    Thli  total  ubwuco  of  j 
lateral  lino  is  compeusatcil    by  the  prcKfiic*'  ot'n   few  deeper  rndiutiui;  fuifMiv*  ir)  rb 
posterior  field  of  all  the  acalea. 

"  Thn  InnKilodiual  dicLtneter  of  the  kc:ilts  lAeeCMln  ^x^Atly   tb«  trnnavetTw^,  but 
scales  are  iuibricattMl  in  such  a  oiitunrr  tbut   ttm  ^Mirtinn   visible  RXlernally  aj 
blgbor  than  long.    Tbo  ountro  of  radiation  ia  pluoed  iu  tbo  niiddlo  of  tbo  M«l«a ; 
BO  rtullutln^  fnrruwH  upon  Utv  latenil  Detdtt,  Ihoso  ot  thu  fKmtrhur  Ucid  nn*  fewii 

td  d<*<'p*^r  than  ibow  of  tbo  anterior  0uld;  tbo  couocuiric  oruuincutal  ridgue  of  tl 


ivDttw  lower  Jaw  tn  c|ult«  prumimmt.    The  lipn  are  fimall   nnd  trims  verm;!/ 

Ui«  lower  oii«  t«  ttligbtly  l)tIolM.'il.    Tbe  ilorsnl  in  over  tlio  vcntraU;  itit  U-nglU 

(ty  excceU»  it*  bti^bt  in  tbu  ninles  ;  in  tbe  feniftleii  it«  (limeasioDS  are  mure 

(Oal.    Tbe  iHvtomla  nnd  vtiutraln  are  more  pointed  and  longer  in  tbe  males 

Uw  feaialoB.    The  lowor  marfftu  of  tbe  anal  Hn  in  bilobed  in  ibe  nmleH,  wbtle 

Ira  it  UalDi]>l7  rmurginatMl ;  in  both  aesee,  the  noal  wbcn  bent  backwards 


plmtTttiCifiAl  (Kinefl  bfive  n  ^rpattr  rreeiiihlance  to  those  of  tbe  frenno  Jrhthijohu$ 
MMtj  aUtmr  of  the  tribe  of  CaloHtomi ;  the  ajnipbysis  botrever  is  fibnrter.  and 
mn  Dvttbvr  to  tDinate  nor  «o  nuai^rotts;  they  Increase  ftlao  more  rapidly  in 
■bove  downwardly,  and  are  more  iftrougly  curved  inwarilfi,  ibe  inoerniosfe 
\mg  Into  Ml  acute  puiut,  wbicb  is  more  proiiiiDent  in  tbe  middle  and  npi>er 
Mk,  diAD  Id  tlie  lower  odom.^'— <A04aga,  Am,  Jcmni.  ScL  Art»,  18o3,  p.  200.) 
3ftmo9TniA4  Girard,  1*^36. — "  May  be  circumacnl>ed  byrhnracterti  more  natural  tb&n 
^prccnliDf;  utttm.  And  thv  muAt  etrikiug  uf  the^e,  it  must  Ito  coocedod,  ih  tbo  nb- 
V^af  that  Ul«rml  line  posaoased  by  olmoet  all  fiahcs.  Tbe  body  is  eloof^atod  and 
jHyNMHd;  lii«  baad  small;  tbe  moutb  small  also,  openiuf?  obliqnoly  forwards  and 
fcgpjMrtia.  Til*  llpa  Itrin^;  tiaiall  and  IraiiAverMally  ridded  ;  the  inferior  one  twinf; 
^^m  bilnbtvL  The  anterior  niorgiu  of  (he  dorsal  is  silunt«d  in  advanceof  the  inser- 
BVtlM TrolnUa.  Tbe  dorsal  flu  is  either  higber  than  long  or  tlse  its  lengtb  is 
l^to  its  beijslit,  vkryinn;  s?iuewliar  atT-nnling  |o  th»  nexiw,  us  wrll  iih  tbe  anal, 
^Hlk, lMi««vvr«  ftlvnys  deeper  (hnn  long.  Tbe  shaft  of  tbe  pharyngenl  iMincH  con< 
^^ps  v«<7os»cii  corrc,  tbe  convex  margin  of  which  is  rrgnltir  and  entire.  Tbe 
^■ikeitMBlT**  Ans  very  much  coiiiprensiHl,  strongly  cun'ed  Inwanlly,  and  maoh 
l^ialiiriariy  tbAn  eu|M*ri»r1y."— <Oiri.%Hii.  Proc.  Je.  Xat.  Sv.  Fkila.  lf*-H'*,\t.  171.) 
i|BpvnDlA  OHulber,  ItO^. — "Sculeit  of  luoderale  size;  Ul«ral  line  uuue;  Una, 
^^^gtlWaod  p1i«ryngeal  u^etb,  identioal  with  tboeo  u{  Catoatomna  in  all  essential 

^■Bl<*nnft,  CsL  fukf  mt  if««.  vii,  p.  uo.) 


am         r  ■! 


144     C0NTRIUUTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — I 


1 


to  4  io  juang:  bead  stout,  Abort,  about  4|  in  IvDgth  (4  to  41).tlie  iDterorU 
Rpuco  wide  und  dopreswd,  ibe  lower  pjirts  narrower,  so  tbat  it  issuiuewhat  it«<] 
■bajwd  dnwinvards  :  ejo  not  larf;c,4t  iu  head  (4^  to&i) :  mouth  protractile  doi 
wards  and  forwards,  the  mandible  obliqoe:  ncolcs  nfloally  cloAely  imbricatad  1 
luoro  iir  \o»i  crowded  furwardu.but  often  sbuwiugvariontiimrgularitieAio  am^ 
incut,  about  43  (U9«lo)  in  a  loDsitudinal  aeries  aod  15  (14  to  16)  in  a  trauvTcn^ 
ries  between  the  ventrals  aod  tbe  dorsal.  F1o*ra)B  aomewhat  variable,  the  dd 
with  11  (10  to  13)  developed  mya,  tbe  anal  with  7,  and  tbe  vontrola 
(rarely  8). 

Coloration  varying  with  age ;  never  dlstioot  series  of  block  spots  along  the  It 
of  Boalea;  young  with  a  broad  black  lateral  baud  1»ordorcd  atKivo  by  palen 
some  apvoioit'us  J'roin  ok>ar  water,  ibis  bond  is  of  a  jot-black  color  aud  vefTJ 
tinct ;  in  otbent,  it  is  duller ;  later  this  baud  becomes  broken  into  a  aerie 
blotcheB,  which  of  ton  assume  tbe  form  of  broiul  trunsvcnie  bars;  in  adnlt  sf 
mens,  tbtise  bars  disappear,  and  tbe  color  is  nearly  nnifanu  brown,  dnsky  ab 
paler  below,  every wboro  with  a  coppery  or  brassy, never  silvery,  Inetre;  thei 
are  dusky  or  smoky  brown, rarely  reddish-tinged  ;  sexnal  diflferences  strong; 
males  in  spriug  with  usually  three  large  tabercles  on  each  vide  of  tbe  snoati 
with  tbe  anul  fin  more  or  less  swollen  and  emarginato :  adnlt  specimens  with 
back  gibtH>u8  aod  tbe  body  strongly  compressed,  lu  appearsDoe  quite  nolika 

young.     Mas^imnut  lenj^h  about  10  inr.ltf^s sncnTAJ 

••Body  oblong,  thn  back  more  elovatnl,  Ibe  body  deeper  and  more  compressed  thi 
the  preceding,  the  greatest  depth  in  advance  of  the  tlureal  fln  tiring  contfl 
about  2}  times  io  tbe  length  ;  nape  less  gibbons  than  in  meetta;  bead  qnft«  I 
aud  short,  the  large  eye  being  almost  exactly  midway  in  its  length,  its  longt 
in  that  of  tbe  body;  eye  4^  in  bead;  luterorbital  space  rather  narrow,  strongly  1] 
versely  convex,  lees  than  half  the  length  of  the  head:  mouth  small,  protraotiU 
wanln,  the  lower  Jaw  oblique  ;  lifis  aa  in  the  preceding. 

Scales  lari;e,  mocb  larger  and  much  more  uniform  in  their  imbrication 
tuoetla;  iMiinalongitudioal  series, and  abunt  Utin  a  transvenre  series  froi 
irals  to  the  dorsal.     Dorsal  fin  high,  of  13  developed  rnys;  anal  motlcrato,' 
ventrals  largo,  with  lH.    Color  dark  olivaceous  above,  each  scale  along  tb«l 
reflecting  palo   from  the  strongly  ridged  middle  part;  these  giving 
lights  the  a]ipearanc6  of  pole  stripes  along  the  rows  of  scalus :  fins 
cially  at  their  tips OOOPM 

21.  EEtlMYZOX  SaCETTA  {LacipMc)  Jordan, 

CkHhSv^Kr.    Crwkrmh,    Outlet. 

l903_C|jm'ait«  t^cctta  hActpkuE,  Hist.  Nat  des  rolasons,  v.  G(H;,  CIO. 
CntoMtomtiM  sucrtta  Lb  Sceuk,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  ItKl,  1HI7, 
CdfoAloMUR  nurrita  DkKav,  New  York  Fauna,  part<  iv,  Fishes,  ^13, 1842. 
CatontvmtvJtHtrtiCvviKn&yxhESCltXSKf^.  Hist.  Nat.  des  Poiuons,  xvtt 
CaiottomM4  tuceti  8torkr,  Synopsis,  4111,  ItMO. 

JlfoMtitttma  KUCftta  Aoa6j?i2,  Am.  Joum.  6c.  Arts,  Sil  seriesi  xix»  208, 1 
JVoroffofflo  tMxtta  PltTNAM,  Dull.  Moo,  Comp,  Zool.  10^  ltJC3, 


traoUU 

4 

■..g  tb«l 
g  la  flij 
dusky,  I 


ERIMYZON   SUCETTA, 


145 


n  mtetta  Johdax,  Mrd.  Tort.  fiOTi,  1870. 

tufrtta  JoiiDaN  &  Cnp£.LAND,  Cb«ck  List,  157, 1976. 
awrttuj  JoitDAN.  Man.  Vrrt.  ed.  :Mf  319,  l^a 
iw  ofrtoii^iu  MtTCiiiix.  Lit.  &  rhil.  TraoB.  New  York,  1.  459. 
<^d»i>iiiii  I  oblomffut  Lk  Sokvr,  Jturrn.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  108,  1617. 
flUMtoBM  oJ^rmryiM  Thompson,  Hint.  Vl.  l.t-1,  ld4*2.    (Bynooy id;,  but  not  deaorip- 

fiiMi,  which  appUes  to  if.  manvfrji/tfofum.) 
tttm  oblvmtrn*  DtKjkY,  New  York  Fannu,  piirt  Iv,  Fish«a,  193,  184'2. 
Ca$mbimu»  otlongum  Ct'ViRR  &  VytLKNCtKyNU^,  IliBt.  Nat.  des  Poiwwus,  £vii,  441, 

liU4. 
CtteifvHiu  o^Ifm^iM  groRBR,  HyDopsis,  4*^,  lt<4t]. 

ifcwvittmu  oblon^m  Aoassiz.  Am.  Joiiru.  Sc.  Arts,  Sd  Dcriees  xix,  fi03,  18&5. 
oAIm^m  PrrxAM,  Ball.  Mus.  Oomp.  Zool.  10, 1663. 
oWosfUM  (Inx,  Canudfftu  Nat.  p.  19,  An|;.  1665. 
•MoM^m  GCnthkb;  Cat.  Fiahea  Brit.  Mus.  vii,  21,  li^. 
ohUntfum  CoPK,  Proc.  Am.  Fbiliw.  Soc.  Pbila.  408, 1870, 
oAfcniyiim  Joft[>AN.  Fi8bea  of  lud.  2:21, 1B75.    (Name  nnly.) 
la  •^/oHjTii*  JOHI'AX,  Bull.  Buffalo  Boo.  Nat.  Hist  95,  lh7G.    (Nftme  only  ; 
sc  diapwaia  of  i.'ri«y«on.) 
I*  •6{m0i«  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  294^  lti76. 

oMoflpmtM  UnLRN  &  LuGOF.R,  FUbes  of  Marj'Und,  140,  IFCG. 
fttoyw  «5ro«^«  Nci^ox,  Bull.  No.  I,  Ills.  Mmh.  Nat.  Ilit^t.  4H,  1K76. 
A*if*m  oM<m^ii  Jokdan  &  Copeland,  Cbock  Littt,  157. 1^6.    (Name  only.) 
lintakm  •Wonf/Hi  Jokdan  &.  Gilbekt,  in  Klippari's  Kept.  .7.1, 1R7G.    (Namu  ouly.) 
Buiiifa*  AifUmguM  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Id  Klippari's  FirMt  itoi>orl,  Ohio  Fisb Om- 

BiMian.  85,  pL  xii,  f.  20, 1877. 
X^tayCM  •MoH^*  Jr)KDAN,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hii^t.  N.  Y.xi,  340,  IF^. 
JXf  »uw  tiUUtmjHM  Jordan,  Ann.  Lyo.  Nsit.  Hicit.  N.  Y.  xi,3t^,  1877. 
ohh*n'j>t»  JoKDA.v,  Boll.  r.  8.  Nnt.  Mns.  ix,  30,  1877. 
iM  ^M(MiM  Lk  flcTKCir,  Joar-.  Ao.  Nat.  6e.  Pbfla.  i,  Vfi. 
aW>o$iu  8TORKR.  K«*pt.  Icbtby.  Mosa.  183, 1838. 
|i«««»  fOAot«4  HkKay,  Nvw  York  Fauna^  part  iv,  Fisboa,  194,  1849.. 
CtlmtommM  giAboMut  Sturer,  Hynopfda,  420,  1846. 
Uatmimm*  yiUonu  KuiTi..txD,  ITamllton  Smith's  Annaln  of  Science. 
fUartmsa  jtMoaax  SroRicn,  Hiitt.  Finhes  Mow.  291,  pi.  xxii,  f.  4,  li^iT. 
-^cDwAniiflu  tuStrrruiatuM  Lr  Spkfb,  Jooru.  Ac.  Nat.  8c.  Pbilo.  I,  03. 
Ctiuhm  ■<  tmhrrrulatnt  DKKAy,  New  York  Faann,  part  iv,  Fishee,  199,  1642. 
Cf$mtmmm*  tuhercutatvn  Cfvuai  A  VALENCiENNEii,  llUt.  Nat.  dea  X'oisaoDs,  xvii.. 

441, 1^4. 
CUm/mm  tmberruUiuM  Tlto^ftiU,  Wevk  on  Cotivord  and  ftlcrtimacic,  3^^,  186^. 
eiitniyM  Lf.  BcEi'H,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  8c.  Piiila.  104. 

'« t>RKAY,  New  York  Fauna,  part  iv,  Fiuhca.  203, 1H42. 

■"  <  ■'  vir.it  A.  VALrxctKXNics,  Hist.  Nat.  dca  Poieaons,  xvii,  469v 


\U  No.  i:i- 


Syiiopata.  I'K,  1846, 
NK^L'K,  Icb.  Ob.  58. 

10 


14I>     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICnTHTOLOOY ^Ilt. 

1842— ZaftM  tttifOMt  DkKay,  New  York  Fauoa.  part  iv,  Fiabes,  1^ 

CatMtomuB  «legam»  Stokes,  SynopsiR,  425,  IS46. 
1842 — iMbeo  cmput  DeKaY,  Nevr  York  Ftianq,  part  iv,  Fiabea,  195. 

CatoMtomuM  ewpus  Storrr,  Syuopsiti,  42S,  1346. 
1842 — Lahto  etongatut  DbKay ,  New  York  Faann^  part  iv,  Fiabes,  394. 
16&&— J/ntoMOffui  ai^nruM  Aoassiz,  Ani.  Joarn.  So.  ArtB,Sd  wriM,  xix,  202.     (N 

RiiflneKqne.) 
1865 — Moioitoma  tetiw  AoAiwiz,  Am.  Jonm.  Bo.  Arts,  2d  seriea,  xlx,  S03. 

MoMttoma  Umue  PirrxAM,  Bull.  Mns.  CoiDp.  Zool.  lU,  Idtill. 

Moxonloma  tetiu«  GrNTHBR,  CaU  Fiobm  Brit.  Mns.  vii,  31,  If^dS, 

SrimtfBon  trnuis  Jnm^AS  &  CorBLAND,  Chock  List,  157,  1S76. 
1856 — iioj:o9towa  vlaviformh  (.IiraKO,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  8c.  Pbila.  171. 

Mmrontoma  citir{formi9  GtiUKD.  U.  8.  Poo.  R.  li.  Kxpl.  x,219,  pi.  xlviii.f.  5-9, 1 

^imifcmt  clariformi*  Jordan  &  Cdpsla^d,  Cbtwk  List,  157,  IH76. 
\9^\^Maxontoma  kennerlifi  (tirard,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Be  Pbila.  171. 

MoxtutowM  kfnnerlt/i  GiRARD,  U.  S.  Mex.  Booad.  8tirv.  Icblli.  34,  pi.  xx,  f.T-^,  U 
1856— ifwrn/owi  owmpMU  Gioard,  Proo.  Ao.  Nat.  8c.  Pbila.  17^. 

MafMtama  compftel/i  Girakd,  U.8.  Mox.  Buunil.  Siirv.  Icbtb.  35,  pi.  xx,C  4-^16 

£rim^ton  campbilli  Joiuian  &  Copklaxd,  Cbeck  List,  157,  ld7R. 
Habitat.— All  waters  of  tbo  United  StntoA  east  of  Lbe  Rocky  HoaolaliUh 

This  protean  species  is,  uext  to  Catontomus  teresy  the  most  abandq 
and  thn  most  widely  diffused  of  our  species  of  Suckers.  It  occurs 
every  stream  from  Maine  to  Texas,  aad  thrives  in  alt  sorts  of  wata 
from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  smallest  poods  and  brooks.  Its  variatiq 
in  color  and  form  are  remarkable;  bar. after  the  elimination  of  tho 
which  are  known  to  be  due  to  difl'ereuces  of  sex,  age,  and  surroundin 
i  find  nothing  left  on  which  a  difference  of  species  or  even  a  variei 
-differenoc  may  be  based.  I  therefore  nnite  all  the  nominal  apeci 
this  genurt,  with  a  single  exception,  under  the  oldest  specific  namei 
plied  to  any  of  them,  succtt^  of  Lac6p6de. 

The  name  «ucef/a  has  been  passeclfrom  nuthortoauthorforalongtin 
all  the  descriptions  being  based  on  the  notes  of  Bosc  and  the  accon 
given  by  Lacepfede,  no  one  seeming  to  have  any  clwir  idea  of  what 
-original  si>ecies  was.  The  reasons  for  identifying  aucetta  with  Mong 
have  been  alreudy  given. 

The  name  Bucetia  was  spoiled  mceti  by  Valeucieoues.  I  see  no  reaoi 
for  this  change.  The  derivation  of  th*^  word  is  from  the  Fn»nrh  jiw<k 
A  sucker;  and  sucetta  is  an  agraeable  latiuizatioQ  of  the  tiarbanms  wot 
The  identity  of  the  nominal  species  ohlonguHj  gihbonvSj  tuhrrculatuSf  rif 
liM,  effOf>u«,efoit^aHw,  and  elegana  vcas  coDclusively  shown  by  Profeafl 
Agassis.  The/a«nofan'>r  of  RaBueHqiio,  as  I  have  shown,  is  probal) 
tbis  species,  which  BaQuesque  could  hardly  have  overlooked. 


B*t(  ani4urtt9^  coDsidered  by  bitn  as  the  Western  rep- 
RMOtative  of  ohlo^gus^  mast  belong  bere.  Professor  Agassiz*s  tenuis 
ftwi  Mobile  ia  not  described ;  but  as  ttucetta  occurs  abundantly  in  Abk- 
||iBa,  it  {a  safe  to  presuiui^  tbeir  identity.  The  type  ol*  Moxontoma  da- 
m^pHR^  Girard  is  uow  lost.  Botb  figure  und  descriptiou  i>oiut  to  the 
ywtmg  of  tmeeita.  The  ti^'ure  represents  the  scales  rather  smaller  than 
'  HBtl,  bat  it  may  not  be  correct.  The  types  of  Moxotttmna  kennerltfi 
and  o(  Moxottoma  campbcUi  Girard,  from  Texas,  have  also  disap- 
;  bat  iixii^y  too  seem  to  have  been  based  on  the  young  of  the 
It  species,  nod  as  $ucetta  certainly  occurs  in  Texas,  these  nominal 
mast  fall  into  the  synonymy. 
Cbob  8ncker  is  one  of  the  smallest  species,  rarely  reaching  a 
of  more  than  a  foot.  It  is  tenacious  of  life,  and  bites  readily  at 
II  book,  bot  is  not  mnch  valued  for  food.  The  young  are  rather 
(lie  black  lateral  band  being  sometimes  very  distinct.  Jn 
raqoariDiD,  they  act  as  scavengers.  The  adult  fishes,  especially  the 
are  very  dusky  in  color,  and  the  males  in  spring  are  provided 
rth  tiiree  Urge  tubercles  arranged  in  a  triangle  on  each  side  of  the  head. 
11»tes  of  the  adalts  are  nsunlly  black,  sometimes  tinged  with  red. 

SpHAmfim  in  Unittd  State*  XaHoiuU 


Locality. 


Colleotor. 


8a|C«r  IjomI  Creek,  Aj>kiui«M, 
tfovft  Bootl* 


Htm 


7M0    Uoacon,  Uom  ... 
rm  '  lUvffrbead,  L.  I 


BC8    Xonb  Caralin*... 
M0    Potanae  Rlrer. .. 

•«! 

BW  I  XUilimtfan,  Mwta.. 

¥7a  '  Dveroit  Rirer 

ma  \vt\mte\A 

WS  j 

Detewair  County 


H.  n.  MnnbaiiHon. 


a  F.  batnl. 

S.  F.  Baird. 
MoNnir. 


S.  F.  Baird. 


B.  Kenuioott 


148    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  KORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOaT — III. 

SpeeimeM  in  United  State$  NaHonai  iriiNw»— ContiDoed. 


Namber. 


Localitiy. 


Collector. 


91G6 

9275 

9446 

9551 

9660 

10631 

10814 

11033 

11034 

11035 

11199 

11200 

12441 

14977 


16991 


16993 
16994 
17816 
17821 
17838 
19158 
200C1 
20064 
20105 
20157 
20231 
20254 
20269 
20360 


Abbeville,  S.C. 


Aux  PlaiDes  River,  Illinois.... 
Lake  OcooomowoOt  WiscoDBln . 


Potomac  River. , 
Sandusky,  Ohio. 
do 


do 
,do 

do 
.do 


Halifiix,  Nova  Scotia 

Potomac  lUver 

do 

do 

do 

do 

, do 

Clear  Creek,  Texas 

do 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

Aux  Plaines  River,  Illinois... 
Cedar  Swamp,  New  Jersey. ... 

Schuylkill,  River 

Fox  River,  Wisconsin 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Riverhead,  L.  X 

Pierroont,N.Y 

Sing  Sing,  N.  Y 

Trenton,  N.  J 

Cumberland  River 

White  River,  Indiana 

Etowah  River,  Georgia 

Saluda  River,  South  Carolina. 


B.  Kennlcott. 
S.  F.  Boird. 

J.  W.  Milner. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
G.  B.  Goode. 
J.  W.  BlUiwr. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Eamlien  &.  EariL 

Do. 
Thomas. 
R.  Kennicott. 
S.  F.  Boiid. 
J.  H.  Richard. 
S.  F.  Baird. 
Komlien  &  Maxso 
S.  F.  Baird. 

Do. 

Do. 

C.  C.  Abbott. 
A.  Winohell. 

D.  S.  Jordan. 
Do. 

Do. 


22.  EUIMYZON  GOODBI,  »p.  nor. 

Goode'$  Sucker, 

Ttiis  species  differs  from  E.  sucetta  in  form,  in  the  smaller  size  of  t 
bead,  Id  its  greater  convexity  above,  and  in  the  larger  size  and  gresl 
oniformity  of  Ibe  scales,  wbicb  are  not  at  all  crowded  or  reduced  I 
wards. 


QKNUS  CHASMISTKfl. 


149 


Ib«  t^pe  is  o  flDG  speciiuoD,  10}  inches  loug,  collected  by  ProfoBSorG. 
Ooode  in  iUm  Saint  Jobu'8Eiver,riondn.  It  is  nnmbtred  10071 
|Uft  JliUMitii  Kcjfistcr.    I  have  uauied  tbe  specieH  for  my  irieod,  Pro- 

Goale,  one  of  the  bobt  of  American  icbtbyologisU,  to  wbom  we 

liebUNl  for  tbe  dUcovery  of  the  si>eciL>s. 

Sj*eeimtnM  in  Vnited  State*  yatlonal  J/Wmuim. 


6»Ukt  Jofan*H  River,  Fla 


Collector. 


G.  Brovu  Ooode. 


Genus  CIIASMISTES  Jordan. 

AMMto  JuU>AX,  EtuU.  Httyil«D  Qeol.  Siirr.  Tart.  417,  IH78. 
ifpt^  CatMiowv/miiMlw  Cope  A.  Yarrow. 
fif9«4ofsy,  xaettinu,  U>  jttwa  or  gupo. 

Piibi«  n^UUHl    lo   CatMtomvB,   having   the   teeth,   scales,   and   air- 
iu  that  geuup,  bot  distiuguinbod  by  the  size  and  position 
Boncb,  the  great  development  of  the  mandible,  and  by  (he  small, 
Hpa. 

iltopmportioDally  large,  forming  more  than  one-foartb  of  the 
broad  ami  fliLttisb  aliove;  HtdeH  of  bead  vertical,  Hlightly  directeil 
tbe  breadth  through  the  cheeks  less  than  the  breadth  above  the 
;  exes  small,  high  up,  rather  {>o8terior :  mooth  exceedingly  large, 
tbe  lower  javr  in  the  closed  mouth  being  very  oblique,  placed 
■qcla  of  about  45  degrees;  the  lower  juw  very  long  and  strong, 
1^  more  than  one  third  the  length  of  the  head,  nearly  half  tbe 
uf  tbe  head  in  the  adult,  ita  tip  when  the  mouth  is  closed  about 
s  leveJ  with  tbe  eye;  upper  jaw  very  protractile;  npper  lip  very 
/(or  a  8aclEer),  and  nearly  smoutb  ;  Kuont  elevated  above  the  rest 
i«f  lb»  bead,  t^otiibly  wo  when  tbe  mouth  ii^  closed  ;  lower  lip  moderate, 
•  •f  a  broad  flap  on  each  side  of  the  mandible,  io  front  reduced 
-  m.  th«  aorface  of  tbe  lip  ne^irly  smooth,  without  evident 
'Is   large;  saborbilal  bones  narrow,  but  rather  broader 
la  CdicMtomuM  ;  pr«orbital  unuHually  large :  mucous  channels  mod- 
iy  dcrelop«d  ;    footanello    very   large ;    isthmns   nither  narrow : 
booea  and  t«eth  eHMentinlly  ax  in  CatoHtomun. 
ratbCET  altfOder,  tajiering  pretty  regitlarly  from  the  shoulders  10 
I,  baC  llUle  oomprMAed :  caudal  peduncle  rather  stout. 


150     C0NTIUDUTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AMEIUCAN  ICHTUVOLOOY — ^IIL 

l*'iu6  modorate,  the  dorsal  rays  aboat  12,  the  aaul  7 :    iK>cto 
rather  long,  uot  quite  reacUiog  ventrals:  ventrals  roaoUiug  vent: 
tin  high,  reachiug  caudal :  caudal  tiu  rather  long,  ita  lobes  equal. 

Scalen  moderate,  largo  on  the  caudal  peduncle,  much  smaller 
crowded  anteriorly,  GO  to  05  in  the  latenil  Liue,  about  18  in  a  tranevi 
serieH  from  dorsal  to  ventrals. 

Sexual  pecutiarities  unknown. 

Coloration  usual. 

Air-bladder  in  two  parts. 

Size  moderate  or  rather  large. 

The  single  species  now  ioclnded  in  this  genus  is  known  only  t 
Vtiih.  Lake.  Us  describers  referred  it  to  the  genus  Catostumwit 
made  no  mention  of  its  singular  mouth  and  lips.  The  original  tjp 
the  species  is  in  very  bad  ooudilion,  the  month  being  shrunken  and 
torted,  and  the  bones  of  the  head  protruding  through  the  skin,  so 
the  peculiarities  of  tbe  species  are  bardly  recognizable.* 

Gentrio  Ckantctaitmlioma, 
CaADMiSTBS  Jordan,  187&— "This  geuuB  in  (liHtinguiabod  ttom  Cato»tomu»  by 
very  Urge,  termiunl  month,  the  lower  jaw  beiog  very  atroDg,  obliqafl,iUJ«im;th 
one-third  tbnt  of  the  bead,    Tho  lips  oro  little  developed,  *iid  uro  very  neatly  m 
Tbe  type  of  the  genua  ia  C.  /nmndu$  Cope  Jk,  Yarrow."— (Joudan,  Bmll.  V.  S.  OmL 
IVnr.  vol.  iv,  No.  2,  p.  417,  JW8.) 

ANALYSIS  or  BPRCIR8  OP  CUASMiaTRS. 

*  Depth  about  &  in  length ;  bead  3);  interorbital  s[moo  broad,  2^  in  bead;  wym 
in  bead;  width  of  tbe  open  month  3^  In  bead.    Doraol  12.    Anal  7 
9-63-8.    Color  dasky  aboTo,  palo  bvlow ;  ibo  scales  of  the  back  and  aldo* 
fttsely  covered  with  dork  punotnlntiona vsocnrDU 

23.  CHASMISTE3  FECUNDUS  (Cope  <fr  Yarrmc)  Jordan. 
Sucker  of  Utah  take. 
1876— CdfofffomiM  frcundut  CorK  Sl  YARium%  Wheelci'rt  Expl.  W.  pMHh  Mer.  v. 
078,  pUxxxii,  f.  I.  1  o. 
Cato9iomM*  ferundMB  Joni-iAV.  &  Coi'KtJLM*,  Chock  List,  156,  lH7d. 
Ckatmitie§/ecHndu§  Johdax,  bnll.  Hayden's  Gcot.  finrv.  Terr.  vol.  W,  Ka  *■ 

Eauitat. — Utah  L^div,  Utah,  wboro  it  is  excemively  abawUnk    Nat  yot  di 
elsewhere. 

Thi.9  Biugfilar  species  has  been  overlooked  uutil   quite  latul^v. 
Yurro\v  states  that  it  "  l»  abnudant  iu  Utah  Lake»  and  ia  called  tiui 

*  In  fact,  thlH  tfpeeimon  in  its  prrseot  cooditiou  looks  tu  ui«  tnore  like  0$lMt 
dentmtiB,  but  tbe  (iKure   pnbl)«bod  by  Cope  A  Yarrow  mprcaenle  C.  /mtiw/iMb 
speotos  ocour  ia  Utah  Lake. 


^tlwintiabltAnt*.  They  ran  np  the  rivers  to  spawn  iu  June;  focU  ou 
Hi  bottom  and  eat  the  Mpawn  of  better  Qsh  ;  HpuwniiiK  IhmIh  on  giiivcl ; 
toftl  Ivook  sotEi«tinies ;  are  extremely  unnierous,  aud  nro  couMdered 
•wiMttce  by  the  fiMbcrmeu,  but  they  nie«t  with  a  ready  sale  m  winter 
itaarecagc  price  of  2j  cents  per  poand.^ 


8j*c(^meiu  in  Unittd  StaUm  Haii&nul  MwieHm. 


SwW. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

asM 

Cttth  LftVe,  ITtah 

Yarrow  &■  HoDAhftw. 

t'Ub  Lake.  Ut*h 

UUb  Luk*.  Uub 

Dr.  H.C.  Yarrow.  (MauyeiHHjimona  ) 
Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow.     (Typ«  CkasmiMUm.) 
Dr. H. C.Yarrow.  (Typefloribnepecit^u) 

Ut«Ki  Luke,  Utah 

4 


Genus  CATOSTOMUS  Le  Sueur. 

rakMiiMw  t^  i^rKCiitJoDrn.  Ao,Nat.  ScPhila.!,  1H7,89.    (EqaiTaluot  to  family  Co-' 

^mMAmm  EArtKKMjce.Jonrn.  Ao.Nat.So.Pbilu.i, 1816,421.    (A«  subgenuB  of  Exo- 

ftotrtjhu  RaFianaqiTX,  Icfathyologia  OhioDsifi,  16SU,  tiU.    (As  aubgeuua  of  Cato«(o«w, 
iasludiUK  tluj  K^-rayod  aiteoiea.) 

A(.AA»iz,  Am.  Juuru.  So.  Ai  ts,  1655, 205. 
<lUtAiUN  Vr*x.  Ao.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbila.  ISM,  173. 
OiaABt>,  Pmc.  Ac.  NaL  Sc.  Philu.  ldJ6, 173. 
■a  OltJ.,  Canai]ian  NaluraliHt,  li^'.  August. 
yt««  JiMiiuN,  Man.  Vert.  3d  ed.  1$78.319.    (As  snligenni.) 

Tffr^  Cfprin%a  oatottomut  VoTst«Tf  ^  Caitmtomu^  hudsonivB  LeSoear,^  CafMfomHtf  ?aif- 
firnrirva  La  Soenr. 
EtpBolagy,  KBTtt,  low  ;  ffro/ta,  moutti. 

EtjfMohgjf  of  Sjfmtngmn. 

.'  probably  brft^  below ;  rEvrr,  five ;  Xo;?o[-,  lobo,  aa  the  luune  U  aaid  to 
tlM  &-lob«id  lowar  Itp.  diippoituU  to  iliii(iugi)i»b  U  fruui  tbe  3-IuImm1  Habfc«nufl 
;  )MiiBibly»  however,  from  irrd,  Iwlow  ;  r jTf >  j/f.  jwrfect. 
1    Suiiic.  t«n ;  d&Ktvhn;  t<io,  i.  *.,  10  Tentral  rays,  bunce  properly  Deoa^ 


r  ^X>.  muti :  nv'uu,  to  Hack. 

t  inaoniu  »iti  probably  lueaiiiD^U'aa  wonls,  without  etymology. 


HlMl 


^ 


or  less  elongate,  its  length  ranging  from  3j  to  5  times  lu 
(nflbe  kwly,  lt«  form  vurjiujf  considerably  in  the  different  subgen- 
Eya  usually  rather  small,  high  up  and  median  or  more  or  less  pos- 


4 


COHTHIBUnONS  TO  NOHTH  AMERICAN  ICnTnTOLOOY— lU- 


terior  iu  position  :  suborbital  boDcs  narrow,  loDgcr  tbaa  broad,  macli 
ill  MyxoHtonia:  foiitiiuulle  always  present,  nsiially  widely  open^  in  ti 
81>ecic8  reduced  to  u  narrow  slit,  but  uever  wbolly  obliterat-ed. 

Moutii  rather  large,  always  inferior,  and  sotnetiniea  notably  at);  Xhi 
upper  lip  thick,  protractile,  papillose ;  the  lower  lip  greatly  develop* 
with  a  broiid  free  marjpn,  deeply  inciHed  In^biud,  so  that  it  forms  tw< 
lobes,  which  are  often  more  or  less  separatetl:  mandible  horizontal 
short,  not  one-third  the  leufcth  of  the  head  and  not  reaching  to  opposll 
the  eye:  lower  Jaw  usaallywithoat  distinct  cartilaginous  sheath  :  o] 
cnlar  apparatus  moderateJy  developed,  not  rugose:  pharyngeal  bon< 
inodemtely  strong,  the  teeth  shortish,  vertically  compreasetl,  rapid! 
diminishing  in  size  upwards,  the  upper  surface  of  the  teeth  nearly  ev^Dj 
or  somewhat  cuspidate. 

Body  oblong  or  elongate,  more  or  less  fusiform,  subterete,  more 
leas  compressed. 

Scales  comparatively  small,  typically  mach  smaller  and  crowded  an^ 
teriorly,  the  number  in  the  lateral  line  ranging  from  about  50  to  111 
the  number  iu  a  transverse  series  between  dorsal  and  ventrals  froi 
15  to  40:  lateral  line  well  developed,  straighti^h,  somewhat  decarvi 
anteriorly. 

Fins  variously  developed :  dorsal  with  its  first  ray  nearly  midway  o1 
the  body,  with  from  0  to  14  developed  rays;  anal  fin  short  and  higl 
with  probably  always  7  developed  rays;  ventrals  inserted  under  thi 
middle  or  posterior  part  of  the  dorsal,  typically  with  10  rays,  in  one  sal 
genus  usually  9,  the  number  often  subject  to  variation  of  one ;  caadj 
fin  usually  deeply  forked,  the  lobes  nearly  equal. 

Sexual  peculiaiitiea  not  much  marked,  the  fins  higher  iu  the  male' 
and  the  anal  somewhat  swollen  and  tuberculato  iu  the  spring:  breed- 
ing males  in  some  species  with  a  rosy  or  orange  lateral  band. 

Air-bladder  with  two  chambers.    Vertebrse  iu  €,  tercn  and  C 
cam  45  to  47, 

^^The  skeleton  in  Catostomus  ha«  been  well  descril>e<l  by  Valencienm 
(XVll.  p.  433).    It  is  distinguished  by  thv  comparative  want  of  aolidity, 
certain  bones  consisting  merely  of  a  network  of  osseous  matter.    Tbi 
is  a  large  and  broad  foiitanelle  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head, 
ating  the  parietal  t>oneH,  and  leading  directly  into  the  cerebral  Cftrll 
The  occipital  process  is,  below  the  anterior  vertebne,  enlarged  ioto 
bladder  like  swelliug,  which  is  not  solid,  but  consists  of  a  delicate  di 
work  only.    The  prefrontal  is  advanced  to  the  anterior  part  of  tbeorl 


OENtra    CAT08TOMTT8. 

jAv-txmes  arc  vory  feeble,  Ibe  iiituruiiixillary  being  reduced  to  a 

-L*-  1 11.^  wblcb  does  uot  descend  to  tlie  middle  of  the  inaxillary. 

13»ast<*tu>r  partof  ibu  umudible  is  borizoutul,  tbiu  aud  slightly  dilated. 
jpopbya^s  of  the  four  anterior  vertebriB  are  very  strong  and  loug.*^ — 
VTUE^  Cat  Fi9h€»  Btit.  Mu8,  vii,  13.) 

pfaus  us  at  present  restricted  comprises  three  welliuarked 
wbicb  may  bo  accepted  as  subgenera,  under  the  names  Catosto- 
DtPtuiactjflMJi,  and  Hypentdium,  One  of  these  groupSf  Hyptnteliumy 
bw!0  nraally  considered  as  a  distinct  genns,  on  accoant  of  the  dif- 
In  the  form  of  the  b«uid  and  iu  the  squamation.  These  differ- 
MM  uVf  however,  individually  of  snbordinate  value,  and  should 
fnbably  be    held  to  designate   a  subgeneric  section,  rather  than  a 

the  groap  Detndaetyhin  as  here  giren  is  nearly  equivalent  to  Minomns 

■4  CalonfOMiM  of  Oirard,  while  our  Catontomus  is  Girard's  Acomv^. 

TW  lyp©  of  Caioatomwi,  as  restricted  by  Agasaiz,  prior  to  Girard  being 

CifhmvM  caioHUmwM  Forster,  ore  of  the  small-scaled  group,  the  name 

■kg*  pro(>er]y   to  that  group,  and   Acomus  is  a  simple  synonym. 

^^mtt§hu  BafineMC|ue  was  not  originally  detlued  iu  any  very  tangible 

By,  Ift—mocb  »h  its  author  included  iu  it  species  oi  Myxoatouiad^n^ 

^ifiUftmt,    Ajs,  bowerer,  it  was  intended  for  lO-rayed  species,  and  as  one 

Muap  Xhtme  originally  placed  in  It  was  C.  teren  (as  C.  bostoniengig)^  the 

tteuuii^  Ifecacfylus  (JJecadacttflun)  may  be  used  instead  of  Minomu^  as 

jfiijmlinn  for  the  sobgenun  to  which  C.  terctt  l>eIongs. 

geno*  CatoUomns  is,  next  to  Mt/xoatvma^  the  most  rich  in  species. 
the  most  widely  distributed  of  the  genera  of  Suckers,  some  of 
b«r8  abounding  iu  every  river  of  North  America,  and  one  of  them 
Ibood  Iu  Asia. 

(ifHeric  Characi€riiation», 

>Hx:s  L«Bavur,  1817. 
«illi  AftUlglo  tiu. 

and  9fKnitla  auiooib. 
•aHhloH  nDtl  relrjKTtiln. 

Ibe  Mioat ;  Upa  plaited,  lob«],  or  csruuculated,  aalUblefor  snoklDg. 
TVn«r  vllb  pMtiDAiUd  teutb. 

^•<1«4  «hk'h  ar*  bcre  itesoribcd  Are  »11  poMcesed  of  the  foUoviug  genonU 


111  t^aerul  i«  elotifjAted  ood  varied  iu  it«  form. 
i       '•■  .•>  <•  lit  aliiiiHii  nil  the  0pe«ic«  ftro  marked  with  radiated  Unea,  and 
Ml  Uuaf  cdgaa;  their  form  more  or  leas  rhomboidal  or  roundiah. 


154    C0NTRIBUTI0K8  TO  KOHTH  AMERICAN  IcnTHYOLOGT — m. 


"Gi/'-corer*.— The  gill-corcra  arc  large, aad  coaii>oaed  of  tbreo  pieces;  the  nut 
pifico  amall  in  Mine,  aa  i«  ext!iuplifie<l  in  the  CuMcrel^NdotiM,  and  in  others  largo,  as 
the  C.  tvmmanU;  opening  nr  i*xpari»iun  wide. 

"Xmitriht. — Tlio  nostriU  are  ilouble  on  ooob  side,  nod  Bcparutod  bjr  a  membrane ; 
Inrgeat  a]>erture  near  tbu  eyv». 

"h'ltfJt. — Tbe  eyes  in  general  are  pretty  Urge,  a  little  obloog,  witlioat  ulotltatl 
mcmbmne:  papll  black  and  ruondish :  Irides  yeltowish,  sometimes  brown,  as  in 
C.  gibbonuM. 

"Teeth, — No  teeth  in  tbe  jaws,  but  tUoeeof  tbe  throat,  on  each  aide,  are  composed  of 
range  nf  bones,  generally  blunt  and  tbiok  at  Lbeir  uaraniits,  placed  in  &  pectiUA: 
form,  uu  au  osseuuA,  arcuated  base,  of  whiob  tbey  arc  a  couji>onent  part,and 
times  terminate  in  a  hooked  point,  as  In  the  C.  maou/Msi;  these  toeth  are  enveloped 
a  thick  moss  of  irhiLlsb  snbstauoe,  which  covers  tbe  throat,  and  supplies  the  place 
a  tongue. 

**Moutlu — Tbe  mouth  is  generally  luuftted ;  to  the  palate  is  attached  a  inembiMMk 

"FisociFO. — ^Tbe  inteatimil  oanal  is  very  mnoh  d«v«lD|»ed,  and  it  has  its  origin  near 
throat  (  the  etomach,  which  is  simple,  and  without  plaits  and  curvatures,  being  a 
tlnuatioQ  of  this  canal,  and  appears  to  be  confounded  with  It.    The  inteatines  mak* 
Domlier  of  circumvolnt-ions;    in  a  specimen  of   the  C.  macrolepidotus  of   16  ine 
in  len^b,  they  were  3  feet  !>  inches  to  length.     Tbe  liver  is  deliquescent,  and 
passes  into  oil  after  exposure  to  the  atmosphere.    The  dir-Afaddrr  is  subcylindrioal, 
divided,  in  most  species,  int^  two  parts;  in  iho  C.  macrotfipidutut,  it  is  separated  iulo 
ptirlH.     I  havu  remarkiMl  in   the  intestines  of  tbf«o  Gshes  river-sbella  of  the  gea 
Lgmnofa,  itu/imtu,  etc.,  which  dwell  on  aquatic  plants  and  on  tbe  ruck  at  the  bottom 
the  rivers;  these  shells  tbe  Catoetomi  are  onabk-d  to  take  with  their  lips,  which 
protrnded  forwards  by  means  of  tbuir  jaws. 

"  It  is  necessary  to  remark  that  in  all  the  speoies  which  I  have  examined  there  is 
line  which  nins  from  tbe  nape,  beneath  the  eyes,  and  another  along  tbe  head,  alio 
the  eyes,  of  nmall  orifloas,  for  the  passage  of  mncns,  which  Unas  are  well  dntln 
after  tbe  fish  is  dead  and  desiccated,  but  not  so  conspicuous  when  recent ;  thoae  llni 
Forstor  impro(}erly  terms  sutarea.  X  will  add  that  some  species,  in  a  dried  state,  Ua^ 
also  a  tubercnlated  appearance  on  the  head,  which  tubercles  are  not  discernible  wb 
the  animals  are  living." — (Lr  Sitrcr,  JoarN.  Ac.  2tat,  So,  i,  p.  69.) 

Bypenteuum  Rafinceque,  1818.— "This    species  [ JTxo^Iosfusi  macropttrum}  dls 
guiahed  by  so  many  secondary  characters  may  be  the  type  of  A  aabgenoa,  which 
be  called   //y/xiiitr/ium,  in  reference  to  the  fivd  lobes  uf  the  lower  jsw.    The  spocl 
with  a  three-lobed  Jsw  may  form  then  another  section   nnder  the  furmer 
Afori/fffl^ua."— (RAnMBsquK,  Journ.  Jead.  XaU  Sc.  p.  430,  tdlB.) 

CAT(fSTO>rofl  Bafioeeqae,  1S20.— " Body  oblong  cylindrical,  scaly.     Vent  iiostoribror 
nearer  to  the  tail.    Head  and  opercnles  soalelesa  and  smooth.    Month  benealli  tb« 
snout,  with  fleshy,  thick  or  lohed  snoking   lips.    Jaws  toolhleas   and  rctraellbli 
Throat  with  pectinated  te««th.    NnHtriln  double.    Gill-cover  double  or  tripk.    Thf 
branchial  rays  to  tbe  gill  membrane.    A  single  dorsal  flu  commonly  opposite  to  tha 
abdominal  Bns,  whiob  have  from  eight  to  ten  rays."— {Rafimehquk,  TrK  Oh.  p.  &3L) 

•QACn  VX.UH 


» 


0£NU8   CATOSTOHUS. 


l/)5 


;  Uitoqs^jr Cocked.    Betidoatbe  twofoUowiagBpeoies(C. rftt^u^nnU;  C.tlwgatuM) 
C  %moMtmti§  md  C.  kudtoniua  mu»t  b«  cniuuiirftted  btsre."— (Rafixesquk,  /cA.  (M. 

BirmiftUCM  iuanrvque,  1820.—"  Body  pyramidal  filigUtly  cotupreMwd,  witb  very 
Vont  posterior,     llcad  acnlflesfl,  nearly  84]iiaro,  tnoulli  ttfrmiDal  pro* 
th  toolUI«Mi,  Juw  hhurter  witLi  five  \obm,  tbe  tuiddlu  oue  larger,  lips  very 
AUloniiDal  fian  naterior  rvuioved  from  the  vent,  dorsal  Uu  aut4)rior,  uppusod  to 


"Tl^ftgMUubelongs  to  tbti  family  of  the  CyprinidifL,  and  is  next  to  my  genus  £jcoglwf 
^  irilh  vhkflh  1  had  unitrd  it;  but  UiU  liuit  iliflura  trum  it  by  lui  obluuK  body,  Uui 
■mI,  l«nr«r  Up  triloba  uot  prutruded^  abdouiual  Udb  aod  doniul  tiu  mediulf  &c.  Tbo 
••V  ftpiijiLii  tbe  obamcter  o(  tbe  lower  lip." — (liAKiNKisQCE,  lih.  Uk.  p.  tid) 
CiTOertOML'tt  DcKay,  164-2. — ^"Both  lipa  tbick,  tlesby,  aud  creuatwl  or  pluilud;  tbe 
bppcodaQt.  Doztal  placed  above  tbe  veutraU  aud  uHiiuHy  ebort."— (Di-:Kay, 
r«r*  /'itajia,  FUluu,  p.  I9ti.) 

7S  Beckel,  1843.— "06  luferuoi;  labia  camcajata,  rugo«a,  suctui  apla; 
i;  priToperculam  ante  occiput.    Piuna  dorsaliR  br«vi«,  raritu  elongata;  analia 
kvTlue,  atnM|iie  rMlio  oauo  nuUo.    Deotvs  pbaryngei  peotiaifonDe«. 

D  :  3!  tf-  i:t  — 29 

TT^I  &  -  7 

(Charactef*  of  Tribu»  IV,  including  Catoslomun,  lihytidontntnu*,  aod  9  ExogloMum.) 
Destaa  pccFiiatfco-mee  4U  —  40.     Oh  iufoniu);  labia  ouruva;  lata,  rngoau  ad  Hnctom 
cirrfci  aalli.    Pinua  dorsalla  et  analis  bruvis,  ilia  autu  pionaa  vuutrales  iucipiens; 
I  OMtfoa    oallDB.  —  Tractua    inteatinalis   2^—3    loDg.  corp."  —  (HscKKt,  Fucke 
p.  33) 

CUTttttvvUB  Valcneleoaes,  1844. — "  Da  diff^reot  dea  ablee  [L«ariacJM],  avoo  leaqnela 

M  ffobt  pMi  uutt  afflnit<i,  par  la  poAitloa  du  lenr  boiiobn  vt  par  la  fumu*  dm  Icivrea 

U  lMr4aot.    Cva  orgaaea  Boat  aaaez  distiurts  do  rt>ux  dea  Cboadroatomtw. 

/aba«i>iw  Arm  barbUloM  lea  f^toigne  aoaai  dea  Lat>^oDB  [  Labeolf  avec  leeqaols  ila  oot 

■natiia  de  r»pi>orU  tiue  M.  Cavier  ne  lu  aiippowiit  quand  il  a  r^dig^  le  K(>gne 

£iifiii  0a  difr<>n*ut  de  toua  cca  gcurva  pur  Itura  deuta  pbaryngieunea. 

'Far  1*  Conue  g<$a£rala  da  lenr  corpa,  ila  reaaemblent  Ik  dim  barbeaux  [Barbiuf],  dont 

i«t  pt«M|U«   tons  la  t^4p  aloDgd«,  Haae  ef  nnc,  et  le  mnsean  un  pen  prot^minent, 

Qa  o'otit  paa  loura  barbillous,  ut  la  dorbole  luauquu  do  rayons  ^piueux  et  deutetf^s. 

>  ioaab*  eat  aitii^  aooa  le  ranaeao ;  elle  eat  aant  deota,  et  lea  U'Vree,  tilargiea,  lob^ea, 

mala  aaiit*  prolongnementa  tiliformee,  aervent  i^  couatitner  uue  sorte  de 

«a  moyvin  do  laquelloceapoiaMOiiH  i»ouveutadbureruu  aucer.     LfspharyngU-iu 

tmi  grftnda  at  arqa*^,  preaqoe  od  deui-cercle ;  tout  lo  bord  iutorao  eat  garni  du  douta 

Maiprim^eai,  A  cutiroiinu  »lri<V.  nn  p«u  plus  large  que  la  base;  toutea  coadcutsd^- 

Vt^mmi  rvipsliiiroiDootdopuiK  lea  inferk^nrMi  jusqu'aux  BU[<Srieure»,le  uombro  vti  vnrie 

<«i|iJM?ea;  ollea  formont  na  puigno  aur  le  corpa  Toa.    Lea  operoulea  aont  grauda; 

iea  o<il  eboconc,  comma  X  ronlinalre,  doux  oavertaren  rapprocb<S«a:  Ics  yuux 

lat|ea.  Mat  elllpUqn^'s,  et  tint  Tiris  ordinairernHnt  Jaano;  lea  6oai Ilea  aont  en 

fwlllca  anr  la  iuii|Oc  et  pri^a  do  la  tAte.  ot  ellen  vont  enimlte  co  angmcDtant  h 

i|Q*iui  aTen    approcho  de  lu  queue;  oilea  aont  plaa  ou  molna  rbomboldalea  at 

oa  f ra&x^M. 


156     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGT — HI. 


**hM  viBChKB  rappellent  cenx  dee  c^prinoldes  en  g4n6nil.  mai»  I'iutestia,  h  cflu««*  il* 
MS  nombreax  repliSf  a  ODonr«  ptuH  d'dtondoe.    .  .  .    Le  fote  ae  rdaoat  liicnt6t  r 
hiitle;  111  vesttio  at^ncnnu  est  coiniiitiii^iuent  ilivio^  ea  deox  et  Gommtiniquv  aveo  1< 
kaut  de  l*u!supkage  comme  diuis  iioa  cypHus." — (VaucncibnKKS,  HisUNaL  da  Poista 
xvii,  pp.  4^£:(-4-^4.) 

HvLuMYZON  AgftS8i2,  1B55, — "The  name  of  this  ^qqs  \h  a  mere  tniDslatioD  of  the 
yemocular  nanin  of  ItA  type,  tho  Mud-Sockor  of  tbe  Wettt,  iVamed  in  iinttutioD 
Potromjzon,  bat  expresslog  its  bablta  of  living  in  tbe  mud.  Tbo  bod>'  ie  sluat  mad 
heavy  in  ftoDt,  and  tapera  off  rapidly  from  the  sboulderB  towards  tbe  toll;  behind  (bo 
doFAal  it  ia  nearly  cylindrical  ia  form. 

"The  abort  qaadrangular  bc«d  is  broad  and  flat  ftbove^  its  sidea  are  verlioal.  The 
oyoa  are  of  moderate  size  and  elliptical  in  form ;  the  saperorbit&l  ridges  ar«  el«r»t4d 
abovo  the  ^^nerol  levol  of  tho  bajwl.  The  mouth  is  lufurior*  and  euoiroled  by  hroad 
fleohy  lipN  which  are  covered  vrttb  suinl)  gnUii8  or  pnpiDto.  Tbo  lower  lip  in  bilobed. 
The  dorsal  is  over  the  veotrala,  and  nearer  tbe  head  than  the  toll;  ita  height  aod 
length  are  nearly  equal.  The  pcotorals  and  ventrals  are  broad  and  rounded.  I  be  anal 
fin  ia  slender  and  reaches  the  caudaL  The  scales  ore  largest  on  tbe  anterior  portion  of 
tbe  body.  Tbey  are  slightly  longer  than  high,  tbe  ornamental  concentric  ridges  of 
tbo  posterior  field  are  broader  and  lather  apart  than  those  of  the  lateral  and  auterior 
fields ;  those  of  the  autt^rior  uud  posterior  fields  rather  remoter  about  equal  in  naiub«r, 
Tnbes  of  the  lateral  line  arising  from  tbo  centre  of  radiation. 

"The  tooth  are  oomprossod,  ao  that  thuir  sharp  edge  projects  Inwards;  at  the 
time  thuy  are  slightly  arched  inwards  and  inwrted  obliqnoly  o|>ou  tbe  pbaryn 
bonea.    They  increase  gradually  in  size  and  tbicknosa  from  above  downwards.    Tba 
mafiticatiog  ridge  of  the  teeth  is  transvorso,  compressed  in  the  middle  and  sharp;  Ita 
upiHT  uud  lower  edgtjs  are  ruuiidcd  and  more  prnjcoliug,  tbo  inner  point,  however,  more 
projoctiug  than  tbe  outer  oue.*' — (Aoahsiz,  Am.  Journ.  &».  ArU,  Idio,  p.  12U5.) 

Catostomus  Agosstz.  1H55. — "I  havu  retainud  the  name  of  Catoetomus  for  tbe  tjpe 
to  whiob  it  was  origiually  applied  by  For»ter.  The  body  ia  elougated,  fusiform  and 
slightly  coniprewied.  Tbe  soont  is  abort  and  blunt,  and  projects  but  little  beyond  tbo 
month,  which  is  iuferior.  The  lower  Jaw  is  short  and  broad.  The  lips  are  fleshy  and 
strongly  bilobed  below ;  tbelr  surface  is  oonspicoonsly  granulated  or  papillat«d. 
bead  is  considerably  longer  than  high.  The  dorsal  is  lar^o  and  moatlj  in  advaaoe 
tbo  ventrals;  it«  length  is  greater  than  ita  height.  The  anal  fin  is  long  and  sWodeTi 
and  roaobHH  tbo  oaodol.  Tbe  sexual  difleroncos,  so  oooapicoous  in  tbe  genus  Muxoatoin 
nud  PiycbostomuB,  are  hanDy  tu  be  uoticed  in  this  geons.  The  other  fins  are  of  moder*' 
ate  stxe,  and  more  or  le«a  pointed. 

"The  scales  arc  much  smaller  on  the  anterior  than  on  the  posterior  portion  of  t! 
body;  ueorly  quadratignlar,  with  roundod  angles,  hot  somewhat  longer  than  high 
the  ornamental  concentric  ridges  of  Ibt*  poRterior  fiidd  Imiuder  Uiao  Ihim**  of  the  iutr 
aud  anterior  fields;  tbo  radiating  furrows  mora  ntimerous  tliou  in  HylomyMin  an 
Plycbottomus,  and  eacroacbea  upon  the  lateral  Ueldn,  where,  in  some  spt'cifs,  (licy 
nearly  »m  numerous  aa  upon  the  aiit«riur  and  posterior  fields.  Tubesof  tlif  latornj  It 
wider  than  in  nylomyzon  and  Ptychostomus.  exteudlug  frmo  Ihn  cfuitrn  of  rndlat 
to  the  iHMtcrioT  margin. 
"The  pharyngeals  are  slffut  and  oompaot,  the  outer  margin  not  oo  Bproadltig  m 


iber. 


i 


GEXnS   CAT08T0MUS. 


1A7 


{   tb»  l««th  u«  bloutcr  and  larger  comparalirelj  tium   iu   may 
■  f^  lfc«  txfbe^  iacTCMiug  more  rapidly  In  size  from  abovo  dowuwnrda,  i 
«f  dM  aiddla  ar  thm  «i«h  ar«  blrvady  uf  the  saoio  cast  m  tbo»o  of  the  lontP 
p^td  ihmwamh\  ibmt  etowo  l«  bloDt  avd  lb©  Inner  edge  ri»M  Into  a  bluut  cwnp."— 

^BJbMOllw Ulni«4«  ttfiiB. — **  We  propoao  to  iuclade  under  the  hfad  uf  J/ifto«M#,  such 
^HpiteiB'M*  chonotBraad  bf  so  eleogated  and  fusiform  body,  a  head  longer  iLon 
'  &iB:  a'ai^  An  «iibar  bigbrr  than  long,  or  with  botb  ditueiiftioDs  r<]ual.  The  hyt 
,«»aderaU>tjr  bilobed.  The  pharj-ngeala  not  exitandnl  latrtnll^-,  but 
hl/f  bast  Inwanllj.  The  teeth  compreBaed,  decidedlj  bicuspid,  but  the  luner 
ABCaKofied  than  the  outer.  The  soalM  i>fiing  nearly  of  tbi<  »aDip  tiizc, 
lattUchilj  ■■aWer  anttfiorlf  than  posteriorly."  (Iuuludc8  i\  imriffut»,  C.pUhciu$,  and 
CcLrki^,)— <OnU]IX»,  nr6C  Jo.  AVi.  Sp,  Phiia,  16S6,  p.  173.) 

Aoowv*  Ginuil.  ItXtA, — "And  then  giving  the  name  of  Acomuk  to  tboM  f]>ecH*A  in 
vbieh  tb*  bi«d  la  vary  elongated,  the  dorsAl  hi^^her  than  long,  and  the  ttcalee  utuoh 
■■Der  npoo  Ibe  anterior  region  of  the  body  than  npun  tbo  posterior.  The  lijMi  being 
yi|illatod  aikd  nuy  deeply  cleft.  The  pharjug^alit  are  gently  arebed  and  uutexpandefl; 
Iba I— <A  eoM»(»rMied  and  bttnbercnlated,  tbe  inner  prnjtM:^tion  oonsp'rcaons;  the  outer 
veeWulftie. though  exiatiDg."  (Inclodon  i\/onlrrianu9,  C.aurora,  C.  lattpinnig,  C.  gtu- 
aijiiiii,  CV  0miwm§mf  C.  grufut,  aad  C.  Joefariii*.)— (Gikard,  Proc  Ac.  Sat.  So,  I'tula. 

»^  ^  174.) 

CATiwrtiMTH  Oirard,  IHTiG. — "Tbo  genua  Catwlomus,  Lo  Soenr,  would  thou  l>e  r^^ 

Sled  to  vuch  *pecie«  In  whirh  the  head  la  moderately  elouguted,  the  doruil  tli.  gen< 
y  IfUicvr  than  bigb.aud  the  sir^  of  the  Bcalea  less  disproporlioDatc  Hntt'rioHy  and 
irt  '  in  Af»mu»,    The  lipA  are  paxiillated  and  deeply  cleft.    The  phnryn)*oaU 

H-  -  -1  tittlu  expaualoa  inferiorly.    The  teeth  are  eompreued,  vrlih  the  inner 

n^attioo  of  the  erowii  alone  devBh>ped."    (Inolndea  C.  hutigoniun,  C.  er;mrHHntt,  C.  ocd- 
faaafia,  C.  laMtTM,  C.  mae^velmi^$^  C*  mukUif  aud  C*.  ^emardiMi,)— (GiluAP,  /'nw.  Ac» 
Xm.  St.  mia.  ll«0,  p.  174.) 
dtaaTOxr*  Qlllt  Ie<R5.— "Snout  long.     Imleral  lino  proaeit,  nearly  straight.    Lip« 
''antuKon  XntuyuUnl,  A«g.  IHCi,  p.  ID,  reprint.) 
irrr,  Itftld. — "  Scal^N  uf  small,  nicMlerale  ur  liirge  size.     Lateral  line 
It,  numlng  along  the  middle  of  the  tail.    Dorsal  fin  of  moderate  ejEtent,  with  not 
Chao  almntaevcnte^'n  rays,  opposite  to  the  veiitraltt,  without  npinH.     Anal  tin  very 
but  Jeep.     Fins  of  tbn  mates  gonemtly  morn  prodaced  than  those  of  the  fimialest 
■ad  fhvpieatly  with  horny  tulierclr*^    Houtb  inferior,  with  tho  Hpn  more  or  le»s  thick' 
nvd  and    papillose,  tbo  lower  frequently  bilobrd.     Barbels  iiuue.     Gilt-rnkers  well 
_     fcfalopcd,  Aoft,  th«  upper  lanceoUte,  the  lower  quite  mem  bra  nnc  cons,  low  folds  crosa*' 
^^^^■t  bon<*.    pMrndobraiicltiai.    Pbaryogcnl  hours  sicklu-bhspcd,  urnied  with  n  couiIh 
^^^^Avi«s  of  numeruntt  compressed  levlh,  tho  teeth  b«eonting  larger  and  broader 
^^^^k  Ibe  lower  end  of  tbu  Miries."— (GCxtiikh,  Cal.  F\$h<9  lirit.  i/s*.  vll,  p.  13.) 
^^^^■DVmMca  Jordan,  im>.  — **Alr  bladder  iu  two  parts  ;  lateral  line*  well  developed ;i 
pH^PfMftnMstt ;    scales  much  smaller  anteriorly  thau  posteriorly ;    interurbitol  spaeo< 
«tn««i;  tody  sa1»-uret«.**— <Jori>ax,  Jfaa.  Vert.  lt«7n,  p.2D9.) 
HTfrmuJi'M  Jnr  — '*Air  bl(uld«r  In  two  ports;  lateral  line  w«Il  devel- 

npt  l<«|<Mloai<  >>K)nt  aa  large  on  front  part  of  body  as  on  tail;  Inxly 


158   coTTTHrainrroNB  to  north  American  tchthtologt— m. 


« 


taporing  rapidly  from  ttbonlders  to  tail;  lnt«rorhital  space  ronoave;  loui^tio 
greater  than  depth  of  hotly/'— (Jordan,  ifa».  ytrt.  UHTii,  p.  292.) 

CATORTOMr8  Cope  &  Jonlau,  1877. — "  Body  oblnng  or  eloaipite,  with  a  fthnrt,  nab- 
qiiiulrate  dorsal  tlu  ;  air  blndcler  in  two  parts;  lateral  lino  wall  developed  ;  foiitanoU*^) 
ilistiiuit."— (JokhaX,  Pioc  Ji\  Xat.  Se.  Fhila.  ItfTT,  I*.  SI.) 

BrpKMTEUUM  Jordau,  I87a— "  Body  ohloDg  or  ulongate,  with  a  short  «ab(|tiadrat 
dorsal;  aool  raysuniforoily  7  ;  fuonffa  uunuol. the  lower  lip  undivided  or  deeply  lubed 
lipa  tuberculato;  lateral  Udo  well  developed;  foDtanelle  difittuct ;  no  niaDdibulacy 
sheath ;  scales  moderate,  not  crowded  forwards,  about  equsi  over  the  body  ;  body  looj;, 
and  UUle  oompxesaed;  head  rranriTersely  cocioave  betwe<>ii  urbitu,  long  and  tlai(«*nMl, 
the  physiofcuoiny  being  thert^fore  p<>eu1iar;  venlrnl  rays  9." — MouruN,  Man.  Fert.  «d.  ^ 
3d,  li^e,  pp.  30^^310. )  I 

CATt>8T0MUfi  Jordan,  lWtt.—[ As  in  tho  prwiediug  except]  **t>cale«  siuull,  soioUor 
nut«riorly  and  inoch  crowde<i ;  head  truDBverseJy  convex  between  orbits ;  ventral 
rays  normally  10."— (Jordan,  ifam  Vert.  ed.  3d.  1878,  pp.  UUD-niO.) 

DEOAriACTrT.n8  Jordan.  1H78  (ah  Hnhgehiis). — ''LxUerol  line  with  tlO  to  65  sooleaf 
snout  cumparalively  short." — (JoKruN,  Mam.  f'rrU  ed.  2d,  p.  HIO.) 

CATO«TOMa8  Jordan,  1878  (as  subgenns). — *'  Lateral  Uuu  with  about   liH>  iicalea; 
iitt  uiucb  produced."— (JoiiDAN,  J/a«.  Vert,  vt\.  '2d,  p.  320.) 

The  tbree  eabgeDcra  here  recogiiizetl  are  characterised  below.    The 
single  Hpecies  of  HypenielUtm  ih  found  only  eastward  of  Uie  Rocky 
Mountains.     Catoatomu/i  and  Decadactylug  each  have  represeotativea  on 
both  side^  of  the  mountains.    It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  Sonthwesteri 
representatives  of  each,  as  a  rule,  have  the  upper  lip  more  developed,] 
and  with  more  numerons  series  of  papillie,  than  the  Eastern  ones.    Ii 
this  respect  as  in  others,  these  Western  species  approach  the  genus  Pai 
ioaieusy  a  group  exclusively  Western  in  its  distribntion. 

ANALYSIS  or  SPRCIKA  OK  CATOSTOMC8. 

Scales  moderate ;  not  crowded  anteriorly,  nearly  etinol  over  tlie  body ;  48  to  f>5  in 

lateral  line ;  13  to  IG  in  a  transverse  aerios  from  clonal  to 
veutruta :  liead  flattened  above,  trsusrenwly  ooncare  betweci^H 
the  orbits,  the- frontal  lM>no  thick,  bmad,  and  short,  iba  pby^^ 
sioguomy  being  thorofore  peonlisr:  ventral  rays  ucmioUy 
!>:  upper  Up  very  thick,  strongly  papiUoso,  with  a  brood, 
ftee  margin,  which  hue  upwards  of  8  to  10  Mrios  of  papllJie 
upon  It.  Lower  lip  greatly  developed,  strongly  papiUne^ 
oonsiderolly  incised  behind,  bat  less  so  thaa  in  CorosComiu 
proper :  fontanelle  shorter  and  smaller  than  in  D^cadati^l^  .- 
pectoral  fins  anuanally  largo.     (II^p€ntrlium.) 

X.  Depth  4}  to  D  in  loogth  ;  head  4  to  4^  ;  eye  rather  small,  41  to  5  iu  bead  :  ool 
olivaceomi;    sides  with  brassy  lustre;   Itclly  white ;    baol 
brown,  with  several  dark  oroes-blotohus,  irregularly  arraoj 
those beooffltng  obsolele  in  old  individuals;  lower  fiiM  diil 
red,  with  some  dusky  shading:  oiao  large;  maximum  l«i 
aboat  two  leet sioiucAKa. 


OfiKUfl  CATOSTOMU& 


159 


Pontl  wiUi  IX  dflvelopiHl  Tny»i  Mules  7-60-5 :  head  rather  loogor,  4  to  4^  in 
lern^h :  peotorat  fins  rutber  longer:  colors  relatively  dnll; 
uo  dtHi'mot  wbitieh  Htripea  along  the  vovih  of  Hcules. 

nigricans, 

Doml  with  10  developed  raya:  sooIm  6-4H-5:  bead  rather  shorter.  4^  in 
length  :  pectoral  flni  rather  shorter :  colors  brighter ;  block- 
bh  above;  belly  abruptly  white;  a  pale  spot  at  the  base  of 
each  scale,  tbeae  forming  conspioaous  whitieh  streaks  aloog 

tlierowsof  scale* etotcanut, 

radoOMl,  and  (irowdtid  anteriorly  more  or  lem  ;  .->8  to  72  In  the  lateral 
hue  and  about  20  to  2o  iu  a  transverse  sr-rieH  from  the  ven- 
trab*  to  the  dorsal :  snout  moderate  or  iiitber  eJiort.  (Z>Ma- 
dactyiu*.) 
lively  thin,  with  but  few  (3  or  3)  rows  of  papillm. 
with  but  10  or  11  developod  rays  ;  scales  but  little  reduced  in  sice 
forwards. 

k.  Body  nuwlecately  fttont ;  di^pth  4}  in  lenfctb  ;  head  very  small  and  short,  about 
&  in  length;  ey«  moderate;  fins  all  notably  small:  scales 
amall,  snbef|nal,  ^7(M>,  larguron  the  mtddleof  the  btnly  than 
oa  the  caadal  prdnnole:  hotly  with  scattered,  dusky,  nebu- 

looaspota cumrki,  25. 

Body  ralfaar  elongate,  aubterete,  heavy  at  the  sboolders  and  ta[ioriog  back- 
wards, the  depth  sliont  Ti  in  length;  head  moderate,  abont  4^ 
in  length;  month  comparatively  small;  lips  moderate,  tbe 
upiter  narrow,  with  aliont  two  rowa  of  large  tnberclea  :  soalea 
IHUa  crowded  forwards,  58  to  63  iu  the  luttfrnl  line,  19  in  a 
onMB-ierim :  a  soriea  f>{  dasky  spots  along  each  row  of  sen  les, 
aain  iflayfrvMa  melanops;  the  spots  sometimes  obscure, 

INSIONIit,  26. 

npOBt  with  II  to  13 developed  rays:  scales  much  reduced  and  erowded  ante- 
riorly. 

c  Body  modetatoly  stoat,  varying  with  age,  snbterete,  heavy  at  the  shnul- 
den,  the  depth  4  to  4f  in  length ;  bead  rather  large  and  stout, 
eonieal,  ilattlah  above,  its  length  4  to  4^  in  bo<1y  (3j  to  4}  in 
yooDg)  *  snout  moderately  prominent,  scarcely  overpaaaing 
lb* mouth;  rooulh  rather  large,  the  lip«  strongly  papillnae, 
the  upper  moderate,  with  two  or  three  rows  of  papillie: 
■cales  crowded  anteriorly,  much  larger  ou  the  »id<^s  than  be- 
low; aoalae  1&-64  to  70-9:  coloration  olivaceous;  males  In 
ipdng  with  a  faint  rosy  lut'i^ral  band  ;  yonng  browoisb,  more 
or  haa  mottl(^d,  often  with  about  throe  large  conllnont  lateral 
Uotoboa,  which  sometimea  form  an  obscure  lateral  band. 

TKRE8,  27. 

Up  Uilok  and  foil,  with  mtoibI  (5  to  B)  rows  of  papillic :  scaleo  crowded 

forwar«U. 


■ 


i 


160     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — Ul, 


I  FoaiuDcUo  veil  developed :  lips  witbout  evident  oarcilftgloooB  ■beftlh. 
d.  Dorsal  fin  comparatively  long,  of  13  to  M  rnya. 

0.  Month  qaite  large^  with  very  large  lips,  Uie  Dp|ier  fall  and 

with  6  to  8  rowM  of  strung  papilliv:  head  large,  4^  in  Irog 
rather  narrow,   qnidrangnlar,    the   snont   projectios: 
Urge:  dorsal  fin  much  longer  than  high,  its  raya  abont 
scales   12-72-10 :  colorattun    rather  dork ;    a  dusky  lati 
stripe MACKOciin.uo, 

ee.  Month  comparatively  email,  ■mailer  than  in  C  (em;  the  tippw 
thick,  vith  5  or  6  rows  of  papiUv,  which  are  moderal 
large:  head  rounded  above,  4^  iu  length,  the  profile  xt 
than  in  C.  ttrrji,  tho  snont  more  pointed,  tho  two  aides  of 
head  more  convergent  forwards:  eye  small :  dorsal  fin 
than  high,  its  rays  13  to  14:  scales  13-72-10. 

nOCIDKKTAUB, 

dd.  Dorsal  fio  short,  higher  than  long,  of  obont  II  developed  rays ; 

in  length,  rather  hinulish:  uionib  niotlerste,  the  labial  papl 
bkrgely  developed,  the  opper  lip  full,  with  about  &  rowfl 
large  bat  rather  sparse  papillis:  aeales  ld-74-lOt  color  d4 
above;  sides  clouded  with  blaok  and  yellow... laBUTIT8| 

\t  Fontanelle  very  small  and  narrow :  both  jaws  with  a  weak  cartilaginous  shw 
body  elongate,  fusiform,  subterete,  the  greatest  depth  4}  U 
in  length :  head  small,  conical,  4|  in  It^ngth :  mouth  qd 
lar^,  with  full,  thick  lips,  the  upper  very  wido  and  pende 
with  about  6  rows  of  very  strong  papilla:  lower  lip  ti 
lobed,  similarly  papillose :  inlemrhiral  space  wide,  conri 
eye  elevated,  ]M>nl:cr{or,  qnito  small:  fins  moderair;  dof 
higher  than  long,  with  ID,  rarely  11,  rays;  ventral  rays  1 
scales  small,  crowded  forwards,  10  or  %70-Q:  color  dal 

■oales  with  dark  punolulatious ....••  ....ARJEOPt^s.  < 

BooleiTery  small,  mnoh  reduced  and  crowded  anteriorly;  ^  to  115  iu  thi*  lata 
line,  and  35  to  40  In  a  transverse  serioa  from  the  vt-utnli 
tho  dorsal :  body  and  head  more  or  less  elongate  i  sides  wU 
lirond  rnny  or  orange  lateral  band  in  spring  malea.    {C 
$tomuB.) 

$  Fontaoellowell  developed:  jaws  witbont  evident  cartilngiuoasshvatb. 

/.  Upper  Up  comparatively  thin  and  narrow^  with  bat  few  (3  or  4)  n 
of  papilln. 
g.  Bofly  shorter  than  in  tho  next,  bat0tnio1ongated,ttsgn>atcstde] 
4i  to  5  in  length  :  brad  vi>Ty  large  and  long-acuminate 
muzKlo  nearly  one-balf  its  lf<ngtb,  overliunglug  tho  rati 
large  month :  lips  moderate;  t-be  nppcr  pcudout,  with  abou 
rows  of  small  papillic:  tho  lower  rathrr  full,  ftin<.^ 
lose:  eye  nearly  niodlau,  ralhor  siuall,  Hi  iu  h- 
■mall  and  crowded  forwards,  oloaely  lnibrlcal*d,  t 


OEKUS   CATOSTOMUS. 


IGl 


Um  eoutan  of  tbe  UUral  Hue  «fid'ab<iut  28  In  a  croBa-t»en«« 
from  ilonwl  to  vrntrnls :  coloration  very  dark;  fins  dusky; 
Hcaleaertfry where  flnely  jinnrtatis  Size  Urge,  .tauoknsjh,  32, 
Body  f^Inugate,  siiliteretr.  Ibo  dopib  4^  t«  4}  in  lengtb  :  bead  qaite 
loug  »ihI  aU*ftr1er,  4^  to  4}  in  leogib.  depretibed  and  tluttcned 
iftbov«,  broad  nt  Uuao,  but  tap«ring  into  a  long  anoiit,  whioli 
considi'nbly  oveiliuuf;^  tb»  Urge  uimith;  li|M  tliit^k,  eimiiwly 
tabc'rcii)At«,  the  upjicr  lip  narrow,  wilh  2  or  U  rows  of 
tnberclea:  eyo  rather  RmoUt  bobiud  tbu  iniddleof  tba  beud: 
soaJae  very  ainall,  much  cniwdw]  forw-trda,  X  to  114  id  the 
ooane  of  tbfl  lutcrnl  line,  and  about  i\)  (tM  to  :U)  in  a  oroaa 
njw  from  dorsal  to  vanlrala :  donuil  mya  10  or  11  :  malea  In 
■pring  with  tbe  haad  and  anal  fin  profusely  tubercnlato,  tbf< 
(abtrdea  on  tbe  bend  ainall ;  ibe  aidca  at  that  aeaaou  with  u 
broad  ronj  band:   aise    large;  the    largeat  apecies  in   the 

gcaoa.. ijONOiRORTmn,  :f4. 

/f.  Upp«r  Up  Tery  broad,  wirli  aeveral  (ft  or  ('»)  rows  of  large  papiU»!i' 
i.  Bwly  long  and  aleudtfr,  subterete,  comprt^Hseil  behind,  the  form 
oaieQtLallj  that  of  C  loitgiro«tri*f  the  depth  rontained  5^  times 
In  tlie  length :  bead  large.  4  in  lengtli  nf  body,  the int4.TnrhitJil 
space  broad  aud  llat.S}  in  length  of  head:  eyo  soiall.high  up 
and  rulher  posterior;  preorbitat  bone  very  long  nod  tdender, 
ito  length  abont  three  limes  its  depth :  mouth  large,  precisely 
as  In  r,  latipinniM,  the  upper  lip  pendent,  very  Ixu'ge.  with  5  to 
d  series  ut  tubercles:  dorsal  fin  not  elungate*!  or  cepeuiHlly 
elevated,  itn  rayi*  It,  the  beginning  of  tbe  doraal  mncb 
nearer  base  of  caudal  tbansnont:  caudal  tiu  long  and  strongly 
forked:  anal  fin  long  and  high,  reaching  base  of  candul :  ven- 
trals  nut  reaching  vi^nt :  candal  peduncle  stout  and  deep,  its 
leoffl  depth  more  tbao  one-third  length  of  bead,  its  length 
about  two-thirds  that  of  hend:  scales  qnit«  small,  about  as  in 
hnffiroMtrit,  tbe  exffoaed  portion  not  notably  Inugthi^ned: 
flbaat  with  wcll'developndacalee;  acalealG^lOO-H:  colorattou 
duaky  brawn,  a  dusky  lateral  band,  pale  lielow,  the  dark  eulnrs 
extundlug  low  ;  hnnuliiuiredark:  biMAlurgu..RKTi{OF'rNMS, 3.V 
44.  Body  slender  and  elongaCr,  the  caudal  pednncle  eaiieoluUy  long  and 
very  •lender,  the  depth  5^  in  (he  length:  head  uHMlenite,  4| 
tu  length,  rather  slender,  with  prominent  anutit  awl  rather 
eontrmot«d,  inferior  luonlb ;  outline  of  tbe  mouth  triangular, 
tbe  apex  forwards ;  tbe  lips  very  thick,  greatly  developed , 
lower  lip  im-i»ed  tu  the  hiwe,  it-s  (Mxiterior  margin  extending 
baokwards  tn  oppotite  the  eye:  Jaws  with  a  alight  cartjla- 
glnonp  pellicle:  eye  small,  high  up:  proorbital  bone  broad, 
searrely  twice  as  long  a»  deep:  scales  long  and  low,  poMterl- 
orly  rounded,  their  horizontal  dlametsr  greater  than  the  ver- 

B4iJt  N.  >L  Xa  12— n 


162     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 


tical.    17-9B   to  105-17:    fioa  vxcewiToly    developed,  m 

more   elevated  in  Ibc  nialoa  tUiui   in   thr  frmnlo*,  tbr* 

border  of  ibn  dumul,  id  tbe  malMt  at  least, dt^vpl^  ihri«ed  3 

the  males,  tbe  height  of  eiuth  of  the  three  vehlca)  fiiu 

greater   than    the  length  of  the   head:   donnl   niys   13^ 

beginning  rather  uean-r  Buout  (ban  bociO  c>f  doival :  cnoda^ 

especially  strong,  tbe  rodiaienUry  roys  at  ita  bsM^  nnuin  j 

devt>lui>t.'d  :  legist  depth  of  cuudol  pednncle  lea  than  oue-1 

length  of  bead  :  coloration  ratiicr  eilvcry,  tbe  malr.H  protN 

rosy  and  tnhvrcu  late  in  spring.. ...............  UtTlPlXNlS] 

f^Fontftoelle  almost  oblitvrated, redaced  to  u  narrow  silt:  eachjjbw  wilb  a  « 
developed  c&rtiliigluuus  abeaib  (as  in  Paplvointt). 
3.  Body  eabt«rete, compressed  1>ehind,the  diiilb  5  in  length; 
terorbital    gpoce  2  in    bead  :    bead    <)nite   abort,  broad  ; 
rounded  above,  41  m  length :  eyo  small,  far  back  and  high 
G  in  head:  month  very  large,  infe.rior,  brncath  tbe  prcjcctl 
snout:  upper  lip  very  full,  pendent,  with  abont^rowaaf 
beroles  upon  it :  lover  lip  very  foil,  moderately  iririscd,* 
about   10  rons,  a  notch  separatiu);   the  uppt-r  lip  fktMU  I 
lovrer,  uuoh  jaw  with  unligbtly  curved  ejirliliigiuouH  sltealb 
ita  edge,  tbe  two  parallel  with  each  other  and  Bttiug  oIm 
together:  fins  small:  dorsal  rays  U;  candal   hrtlo  foik 
acoles  15-90-11,  very  much  reduced  forwards  and  subject 
many  irregularities :  colors  dtibky :  %\t«  small . .  DISCOBOLCS^ 


24.  OATOSTOMUS  NIGRICANS  he  Sueur. 


Bog  SufJcm". 


Hog    MuUtt.    Hog    MoV^.    CnnrUc-hotton,    Slonr   Rotlfr.    Stout  lb 
StoHC  Lugger,    Hammirr-hcod.    Mud  Svckvr. 

a.  Subspecies  vignpaHK, 

.lf?l7 — Cato9tomv8  nigricant  Lc  Scet'Ii,  Jouiu.  Ae.  Nat.  8c.  PhJla,  109. 
Catottomua  nigran*  (mc)  Khitlami.  Kept.  Zool.  Ohia,  168. 183ef. 
CmiMtomiu  nigricamii  l>eKAV,Ncw  York  FsnuA,  purC  iv.risbes/JOS,  H-l^ 
Cat9$t«miu  Higrioam*  Ci'Vir.ii  6l  VALKNCii':>'Nr.«,nittl.  Nut^  den  r*iina.  x' 

ltM4. 
fUiliMitomuB  nitfrivaim  SToRF.tt.SyuopitiH,  4*^1, 1K4f>. 
H^hmgsitii  uigrimtiK  AoAbbiz,  Am.  Jonrn.Sc).  Arfd^Ud  Ferlr8,xix.120G,  li 
Hglom$ton  nigrimnt  Vvtham,  Bull.  Mas.  Cump.  Zool.  10,  IH^a. 
n^lomgzon  ti\grkait»  Copk.  Vtxta.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  rbllii.£Q5,  \r^\ 
ikLtMtomun  nigricant  t'oi'K.  Juiiru.  Ar.  Nat^  Kr.  IMtilu.  'ZUi,  ItUiH. 
C4i0»t9mwi  nigricoHB  GONTllKR.Cut.I'l«bes  ririt.Mua.  vii.  17.  Idlfii 
CaloalouiM  nigricoBt  CorK.  Prw.  Am.  riilloB.Soc.Pbilft.4C8,lW0. 
Ilylomnioa  uiyru'atui  Joni>AN.  Fisbc*  *y(  Inil.  U31,  lt*7r>. 
ffgprii^etium  witjrivutin  .limpAA',  hull.  lUilhiln  Sue,  Nat.  His(.9&,  iHTft. 
IIjljtrMtrtlnm  ni'jricanti  JottliAy,}k\i.'-   *■'  '''M,  ti"7t». 
CatuKtomun  Kigricttrm  t7iiLSR  &  Li  hca  of  BrtAiylaud,  13^,  t*fiC' 

HjtptnttUm  nigriant  Nki^ox,  Rnti 


CAT0ST0MU8   NIGRICANS. 


163 


gjf  fiiliwi  lUyHodM  Jqkdis  &.  Coi^ulaxd,  Chuck  LUt,  166,  tW(l 
Citttfiomvi  Ri^MM  JoRDAK,  Aqd.  Lye.  I^fat.  1] iftT..  N.  Y.  xl,  343. 1877. 
agprntttiam  nisnicans  Jokdax  A:  (tiLDKUT,  in  Klippart's  Rcpt.  53, 1976. 
Btftmi^mm  miyricaM  Jordak,  DiilL  U.  S.  Xut.  Miih.  ix,n4, 1877. 
UfynttUum  hIj^'^cum  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.'ii1,:ilO,  1H78. 
:i7-Cifl«l#i«wij  martt//Mi«>t  Lr  ScEcn,  Joiim.  Ac.Not.  Sc. Pliiln.  103, 

OMwfvmiw  fNonf Jonr«  DeIvay,  New  York  Fannn,  jmrt  I v,  FiBhiw.  203, 1S42. 
CahwtoMM  MMttrotttn  Cuvnut  <8c  Valbiccucnnes,  Hist.  Nat.  des  Poiiis.  xvii,464, 

1644. 
CaWMin  momIomi  Storkr,  8jnopfliii,423,  IfiAd. 
CstotlomMt  maculoMUM  l^tti.KR  &.  hloGKn,  Fittbes  of  Maryland,  1!^,  1870. 
t^7— /ImrtaMHM  MMrrupr^rum  RAKixE8<iUB,  Joiim.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbilo.  420. 
BjipniUiiHM  mitrropttrnm  RxFiSKBiiVK,  Ich.  Oh.  68, 1820. 
Bfpemkttmm  maeropternm  KiiiTuiNn.  Rept.  Zool.  Ohio,  1C8,  lettS, 
Tin§ttmwm  wiccr^ttmm  Crvii^it  &  Valrsctk\m:j<,  xvli,  480, 1814. 
£ns/oi««in  maeropterum  9TORSlt.8yiiupftJs.4S8. 184G. 
\tsti~€atoUomu»  zMtthopu*  RAFiNES<tl'K,  Icb.  Ob.  &7. 

i'atotUmutM  t  mrgtutomtta  Rakinksqi^,  Icb.  Ob.  SO.    (Mwt  likely  mythical.) 
H^-Cart*i0ntu0  p!aiticrp$  Cwtr.n  &.  Valbncikknfs,  Hist.  Nat.  deaPoitwoos,  xvii,  450, 

CatoUomiu  pJanierpt  Storer,  Sytiopsia,  426,  1840. 
aa,  Sal)(tpod<»i«foiraNif«. 
IS7— C>lafto«»  niffrieatit  vur.  etotcann*  Jont>x2t,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  HUt.  N.  Y.  xi,  34o. 
Baiwtat.— Xrw  Yi»rk  siinl  MantlauJ  to  North  Carolina;  wt-st  to  the  Great  Plnlus. 
r'tr.fiMMaaf  Id  tbcAlalHuiia  River.    Mostcomiuon  intlio Central  Mi^aiaaippi Basin  ;  not 
Lmwo  Ih^in  tin  •trMoia  of  tlio  South  AUaulic  8tatM,*^xcepliD£the  Savannah  Riv«r. 

This  Kpedci}  18  ODO  of  the  most  abund.iiit  and  wiilely  distributed  of 
^8uckt.'r».  It  nbouiuls  in  rapids  and  shoals,  especially  in  the  linger 
IIS  uud  its  fliiignlar,  aiinust  eoaiical  form  is  taiuitiar  to  every 
ttboolboy  In  the  Weat.  Its  powerful  pectoral  fins  render  it  a  Bwit'ter 
Uh  in  the  wAter  timn  nny  others  of  ita  family.  Itfi  bubit  \»  to  rest 
voUiMilpHs  no  the  InjUom,  where  its  mottled  colors  render  it  difflcnlt  to 
^ttJBgaiKb  from  the  Htones  umoiif^  whirh  it  lies.  When  distuilted,  it 
tesavAjr  very  quickly,  alter  ibo  maimer  of  tbo  Kibeostomoids.  Tbey 
It'll  go  \a  flockn  of  eight  to  ten.  I  have  never  yet  fonnd  this  species 
muddy  water,  and  when  placed  in  tbo  aquarium  it  is  one  of 
\n^t  li.ihei*  10  feel  the  iuduence  of  impure  water.  In  my  oxpe- 
it  in  a  Ash  M  peculiar  to  the  clear  streams  as  the  species  of 
i>r  (JrawWra  are.  Professor  Agnssiz  speaks  of  it  as  the 
VodSoi-t.  '  biiH  niinied  it  ZTi/fonij/^on,  in  allusion  to  its  nmd-Iovihja^ 

1.  .    .     lunate  that  that  name  has  become  a  synonym^  for  it  is 
Ay  a  uiisnomer. 
^tkiekerreocheKKlengtbofabout  IS  inches.    Itisuotmuch  viducj 


164     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  A5IEEICAN  ICHTHVOLOOV — III. 


as  footl,  but  is  ofton  c^tugbt  by  bnys  with  a  spear  or  nnnre.  In  coinpa]i.r 
with  other  speoiefl  of  Catostomtta  ixu*X  Mpsoatoina^  it  ascends  all  onr  West- 
ern streams  in  April  for  the  purpose  of  depositing  its  spawn. 

The  Soatbern  form,  which  I  have  desiguated  as  var.  etouranusy  is  uioro 
intensely  colored  and  diflers  in  some  minor  respects.     It  freqnenis, 
great  abnndnnce,  the  clear  tributaries  of  the  Etowah,  Oostananla,  aa 
Coosa  Rivers,  in  company  with  Potaiuocothat  mcriilionaliM  (jop/w-Tu*),  a 
species  to  which  the  young  of  the  Caioslomva  bears  much  reseuiblauoe 
as  seen  iu  the  water. 

The  synonymy  of  this  species  has  been  well  worket?  out  by  Professor 
Agassiz.  The  variutions  in  age  and  appeaninee  have  given  rise  to  a 
number  of  nominal  species,  most  of  which  have,  however,  already  beetl 
disposed  of.  The  oldest  ei>eciftc  name,  nit/ricanjty  htu*  been  tlie  one  niostr 
generally  employed.  The  generic  name  used  de|»eud8  ou  whether  wo 
consider  this  species  geuerically  distinct  from  the  type  of  Cntostomiut  o 
not.  It  would  seem — if  we  may  so  speak — as  if  Nature  had  intended 
Ilt/pentclium  for  a  distinct  genns,  but  not  being  an  ex|>ert  iu  geuerie 
characters,  had  failed  to  provide  it  with  any  which  can  stand  our  test 
The  name  Et/hmyzoii,  being  a  simple  synonym  of  HjjpertteUumy  of  cou 
cannot  be  used.  Katinesquc'S  account  is  much  inferior  to  that  of  Pro*' 
fessor  Agassiz,  and  the  fit;uro  given  by  him  is  oue  of  the  worst  evef 
publishiHl,  still  his  typical  species  is  readily  identifiable,  and  hts  name 
for  it  cannot  be  set  aside. 


I^ecimfn*  in  Unitrd  Sfalm  ytttional  A/wMvni. 


Number. 


Locality. 


CoUeotor. 


Cayuga  l.ake,  K«w  York 

Cintlnnati,  Ohio 

l^corae,  Mich 

Daiiititiilge,  Pu. 

Blnck  R  vor,  Ohio * 

Toouemev 

yellow  Orpok.  Ohio 

lioni  Rivrr,  Wisooouti 

Etowah  Rivrr,  Georgia  (typoaof  viir.  rtowanmt) 

White  River,  IntlinDa 

Savaiiimh  Rivt*r ,. 


J.W.MUdw. 
J.W.Uilner. 
T.H,  B«H». 
B.  K.  Balrvt. 
BcrkwitiL 
ar.Daird. 

0.&JonlaD. 
n.  R.  Jon!uu 
t>.  S.  JfirrUn. 


CAT08TOMUS.    INSIGNIS. 


166 


CATOSTOMU8  CLAKKI  liaird  d'  Girard. 

.    '  J  .-.oniwj  rlitrku  Uaiiii*  Je.GniAia>,  Proc.  Pbila.  Ac.  Nut.  8c.  27. 

•  .:.;,.^,M»  viariii  Atix^su,  Am.  Jotini.  8c.  Art«,  'Jd  t^ories,  xix,  30B,  1B55. 
ViNMairXariiJ  OnuRU,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  8c  PbU».  173.  XBtA 
Mm9m»$  ctoftoi  G»tAM>.  U.  8.  Mex.  Bound.  Surv.  luhth.  38,  pi.  xxii,  f.  £i-8, 1859. 
C^^tatmrnm*  tiarkii  Joiidak  Si  Cv^aLxxu,  Cbeck  Li6t,  160, 1876. 

JhinAr.— Bio  Santa  Crax  in  Arizona. 

Nothiu^  ia  koowa  of  thU  specieH  except  from  the  fifc^re  given  by 

tinuni  aittl  the  di^scripUons  published  by  Batrd   nud   Oirnrd.      The 

pets  uf  the  speciea  tire  not  to  be  fimiid  in  the  Museum,  and 

Do^MK;iujeu&  of  roceut  collection  which  appear  to  belong  to 

it    U  iw^ms,  however,  to  be  a  valid  species,  related  to  C.  innignia. 

lBiU|tt  Imvo  not  beeu  tiered,  heuce  I  can  only  infer  that  it  bolongs  to 

Um  groap  vritb  a  narrow  upjter  lip. 


20.  CATOSTOMUS  INSIGNIS  Baird  <fc  Oirard. 
Spotted  JSMckar, 


lUtKn  &  OiKAKDf  Froc.  Pbila.  Ac.  Kak  6c.  28,  1S54. 
tM  iumffnU  GiRAU>.  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sc,  Pbila.  17*J,  185($. 

immgrnis  GtfURir,  V.  8.  Mex.  Boand.  Surv.  Icbtb.  117,  pi.  xxi,  f.  1-4,  1859. 
iaWynr  CufK  A  Yahiiow,  Whe-^Ier's  Expl.  W.    lOOtb  Mer.  v,  Zool. 
B76, 1976. 
CaimUrmuM  inuijniA  JoitPAN  di  C'opKLAND,  Cbock  LiBt,  t50f  1870. 

lUitrrAT.— TribaLariw  of  tUo  Rio  Gila. 

The  original  types  of  this  apeciea,  from  the  Rio  San  Pedro,  are  now 
twt    The  specimens  collected  by  Dr.  JKotbrock  iu  Anb  Creek,  Arizona, 
rvferred  to  this  Kpecies  by  Professor  Cope,  undoubtedly  belong 
The  i^pecies  is  a  well-marked  one,  both  as  to  form  and  coloration. 
kit  Minomusj  of  which  it  waH  made  the  type,  appcaro,  however, 
tangible  eiistence. 

epttimM9  im  United  8lat$s  SutiMal  J/umhih. 


^mtkm.                                        Locality. 

CoUeotor. 

-     Aata  Cnok,  Arizona 

Dr.  J.  T.  Bothroek. 

166     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICIITHYOLOOY UI. 


27.  CATOSTOMU8  TERES  [MitchaC)  Le  Sueur. 
Common  Suciur,     ffhite  Siteko',     bfook  Sueka:    /Uc-moM  Snek&r, 

1303 — l^  Cifprin  comatemonlen  LAC]!:pfei>K,  IIiBt.  Nat.  doH  Poitw.  r,  50*2, 508. 

Catwtomuit  mmmtrtntitii  Jordan,  Man.  Vvrt.  mI.SiI,  :12U,  ld78. 

18 C^rin uii  oaiofitomuf  PviCK,  Mum.  Am.  Acad,  ii,  pt.  "it  |i.  55,  pi.  2,  f.4.    (Not 

Foretor.) 
1614—  C^priniu  terf  Mitchiu.,  Lit.  and  PUil.  Trans.  Now  York,  i,  458. 

Cafotftomuff  Itm  Lk  Sueub,  Joam.  Ao.  Nat.  8c.  Fbiliu  108, 1817. 

CatontomM  frr^  Tho>ii>(jon,  Ulnt.  Vt.  134,  1642. 

CatoaXomm  icrtM  Cutikr  &  Vali<:ncienne8.  xiE,  4G8, 1844. 

CttUmimntu  tettm  Storer,  SynopniB,  423,  1846. 

CatoMtoiHua  trrvH  Agamiz,  Am.  Joorn.  Sc.  ArU,  2d  aerie«,  xlx,  S08, 18S5. 

CatoHomwi  Umm  GttNTKEH,  Cat.  I'ishra  Brit.  Mna.  vii,  15,  lHti8, 

CatonUfmwi  tovs  CoPB«  Proo,  Am.  Pbilos.  Boo.  PbiU.  468, 1870. 

CotostomuM  tert^  Jordan,  Finlnw  of  Iud.2:il,  1875. 

Cuto$toiniu  tern  .loitDAX,  Man.  Vert.  29:^,  IH76. 

Cntotiomta  trm  Nrlsox,  Bnll.  No.  1,  Ills.  Mas.  Nat.  Hi«t.  48. 1876. 

Catotsiomu*  tere*  Jukdan  &.  CofRLANi>,  Check  List,  156, 1876. 

CatostomuB  ttm  Jordan  &.  Giliieict,  in  ICIipparC'ft  K«pt.53, 1876. 

CatoatomuM  terta  Jordan  &.  Gilbert,  iu  Klippact's  First  Report  Ohio  Flab  Com- 
niiftftion,  84,  pi.  xii.  f.  18-19. 1877. 

VaU}9tomu4  frrtw  JoRKan',  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat,  Muh.  ix,  37, 1877. 
1617 — Calottomua  rommuniv  Lr  Subur.  Joiirn.  Ao.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  i.  D^i. 

CatoHtnnHg  oommuHia  DisKay,  New  Yorlt  Faunae  part  iv,  Fiahes,  196, 1842. 

Catoatomtis  communis  CuvrKK  &.  YAl.ENCtCNNKs.  Hiitt.  Nat.  dea  Poiaaona. 
42ft, 1844. 

Catoatomtu  communiM  Kirtland,  BnAtim  Jnurn.  Nat.  Hist.  ▼,  366, 1845. 

Culoatomnii  communia  Storrr,  Sfnopsifi,  421, 1846. 

Caioatomua  oommania  Cope,  Jonm.  Ac.  Nat.  Sr.  Phila.33ti,  1868. 

Catoatomua  communia  Vm.KR  &  LvOGHn,  Fisbm  uf  Murylaud,  138, 1676. 
1917 — CaUtitomna  boatontenala  Lk  Sukur,  Joarn.  Ad.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbila.  106. 

CrttontomHM  boslotiieMula  Storkr,  Rep^  Ich.  Mom.  84,  l**:^. 

Caloatomua  boBtonirmaM  CuviKR  t!t   ValeNCIENNES,  Hist.  Nat.  dot  Foiaaous.xrt 

432, 1844. 
*Cato»lomaM  tioatonirnain  SlORKR,  SyunpsJH,  423, 1846. 

CiiUmtomiM  btmlofiirtinia  Pt'TNAM,  Bull.  Muh.  Coinp.  Zool.  10,1863. 

CatoatwHHM  hoatvnietuiia  Gill,  Canadian  Nat.  p.  19,  Aag.  \SfS5. 

Catottomtu  himUmktifia  8torer,  Hist.  Fisbvs  Maas,  290,  pi.  xxii,  f.  3. 1867. 

Caioatomua  boahtticmia  Tiiorbait,  Week  ooCvDoord  and  Morritnaok.  38, 

ypIO^   filiiiir Ill  Jtrxttoatta  BAFiNC^goB,  Ich.  Ob.  59. 

183A— Catwtfomux  hu(ltonit$a  RiOHARDttON,  Frauhlln's  Jonrnal,  717.  1A23.    (Nul  o( 
Sneur.) 

C^prtmtu  {i.atoatomun)  httdaomua  RicHAflDSOK,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.  nshes,  lU,  VSK, 
(£xol.  »yn.) 
ySS^—CyprtHua  iCatuatomiM)  frUeutatna  RxC3UUDSON,l-*anna  Bor.-Aiu. 


II 


CATOSTOMl.'S    TKRK8. 


167 


illaS- 


w  ffTurHit  XirrriJhXP.  Ecpt.  Zool.  Ohio,  168. 
-  ni^icdNJf  Stukrk.  Krpt.  li:li.  Miisn.  ^0.    (Nol  of  Le  Saearj 
la  nigricatiB  Tuoui'SuN,  Hist.  Vermont,  135,  H-13, 
-CitMtoaMij  jwfliilw  DkKay,  New  York  Fauna,  pnrt  iv.  Fishes,  200. 

-CalMltrMM  aarco/vn  Cuvikk  &  VALKNOtKS'NBs,  Hist.  Nht.  dee  Potss.  xvU,  439. 
(Mol  uf  Lo  8uoDr.) 

»Ja>(MW«  a«ry(]/u«  < .  i  at.  t'i^Utui  Brit.  Mtu.  vti,  10. 10B8. 

1^30— OsCtfflpiiio/oraCtt lilt  i/.LuUe  8ujK*iior,  304. 

I)!SS— C«/MtoiMM/or«<n^<ii>tt«  A0a86IZ,  Am.  Juarn.^i:.  ArU,2d  Mne«,  xtx,S08. 

jM«iM/i>r«f«riaNiiit  OiiuitP.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  S<r,  Phlla.  17:J,  IbM. 
nc-dltefmm  iwiHIf  f}t\ikM>,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Pfailo.  175. 

C«i0^MMi  fMofclH  OitiAiin,  U.  8.  Pac.  R.  R.  Kxpl.  x,  pi.  11,220, 1^5^. 
CmlmtBmtt  ntcktU  Coi'K.  lUydeu's  Goul.  8urv.  Wyuaiitig,  1870,  4H4, 1872. 
CctoifffjiMri  ntcktegi  Joui>an  t\:  CoPKi.ANri,  Check  List,  15G,  IdTO. 
laW— #  CotoftomiM  tcxattHM  Aiilott,  Proc.  Ac  Not  So.  Pliilu.  473. 

fCatMtomMt  ttuantu  Jordan  &,  Coi'EtAND,  Check  Lint,  ISO,  1876. 
IM—CmAttomuM  vhhropUrtm  AiiBfvrr,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  8c.  Pblta.  473. 
CafHommM  chtoropterum  CopK,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  8e.  Phtln.  85,  1865. 
CatottomMM  ekloriiptmtM  Jdudax  &.  CoI'KLand,  Check  Ijint,  ltA\  1876. 
MW   fhumamuB  alucolua  Corx  A.  Yaiuiow,  Wbetiltir's  Expl.  W.  llXith  Mer.  r.  ZooL  677. 

OclpafeaiMi  altintlum  Johimn  &  CuI'IXano,  Cbet-k  Ll»(,  Krf't,  1'376. 
,|0S— JtfgifwfffJiia  truignatuiH  /('i>t'i 'i  C(ii'K«V  YaukoW,  WliecUr'H  E\\tL  W,  lOOtli  Met.  v, 
ZooL  €79. 
XMmjfcoh  triAtgnaivM  Jtmuxs  &.  Copeland,  Clirck  Lint,  L'>7,  1^7^^ 
HaWTat.— All  atreaniH  Trum  Labrador  to  Florida  aud  wuBtwurd  to  Iho  Rucky  Monnt- 
ba    Znvfjmhen  AbuDdant.    The  most  widely  didtribnlvd  of  tbo  CatoiHomUlie, 

ThU  H|»ecl«^  in  tli<*  eoniiuourat  of  all  the  Siickors  in  nearly  ever)' 
I^x*ky  Monotains,    In  Canada,  in  New  Kngland,  in 
in  tbo  Mifwififiippi  Vallev,  in  8oiitb  Oaioliun,  in  Georgia, 
AlabacDA,  It  is  everywhere  the  coinmoneBt  Sncker,  Htid  it  certainlj 
im  to  DttkotA,  NvbmKkii,  Kiinsns,  Colorado,  aud  Texas,  thoagli  bow 
kl>  I  am  unable  to  say. 

L'ctes  iH  everywheix^  the  one  to  wbicU  the  name  of  '*3ucker" 

iwiiufil^  belongs,  iho  other  0i>ecleft,  though  often  called  ^*Sacker^,as 

iMffI  of  general  term,  receiving  the  8i>ecial  name^of  Betl  Horse,  Buffalo, 

1ftttl>  liSncktT,  etc 

TUu.  ......i.s  M  MubJt'Ct  10  considerable  variattons  in  different  waters. 

in  iliAdMl  brooks,  it  la  dark-colored  aud  rather  slender.  In  oi)en  or 
anU>'  w«t4«r»,  It  bouomeM  pale.  In  the  Great  Lakes,  it  ol'ten  reaches  a 
(ooiiikrable  siiu;  attd  a  proportioiial  stoiUne^s  uf  body.  The  adult  ia 
■vUl/uiiifonnly  cul^iriHl  aliove.  Young  ll-slieK  Ij  to  3  iiichea  in  length 
^  «ll«ti  variegated,  and  soaietimes  show  three  or  four  lateral  dark 


J 


168    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGT UL 


blotches,  which  are  Rouietimes  confluent  into  an  irregular  dusky  band* 
Suah  little  fishes  usually  have  the  lateral  line  iui|»erfeot.  Ou  such,  th< 
nominal  species  Moxoittoma  trisignaUim  was  based- 

TUo  male  lishes  iu  the  spring  show  a  more  or  less  distinct  pinkinb  oi 
rosy  lateral  band.  The  males  and  females  ascend  the  small  streams  ii 
the  spring  for  the  purpose  of  depositiug  their  spawn.  The  coiuciUenm 
of  their  times  of  migration  with  that  of  some  of  the  early  settlers  of  Illi- 
nois, who  u^ed  to  come  up  from  ]^ew  Orleiins  iu  the  spring,  returning, 
in  the  full,  has  giveu  to  the  natives  of  that  State  the  slang  name  ui 
"Suckers",  as  natives  of  Michigan  were  called  "  Wolverenes";  of  Minm 

ita,  "Gophers";  of  Wisconsin,  "Badgers'';  of  Indiana,  "Hoosiera"; 
»hio,  *•  Buckeyes";  and  of  Missouri,  ** Pukes". 

I  have  elsewhere  adopted  the  name  ^^ comviergoni^  for  this  si»eciei 
imisniuch  us  there  is  little  doubt  that  It  ia  the  ^^Cyprin  oommersonien^' 
of  Lacepetle,  as  has  long  since  been  noticed  by  ValeDciennes.     • 

Dr.  Giiulher  qaotes,  in  the  synonymy  of  Catostomus  Urea,  ^*'C}fprin\ 
comtnersonnii  Lac^[>eile";  bat,  on  examination  of  Liicep^le's  work,  I  nm^ 
unable  to  tind  that  he  uses  the  name  commrrsoni,  or  in  fac!t  any  claasical 
name  whatever  for  the  8i>ecies,  and  as  priority  of  date  can  hardly 
claimed  for  a  French  uame  like  ^^Cyprin  commn'tumien  ",  I  am  comiK-lletll 
to  fall  buck  on  MitehilFs  very  appropriate  name  t€rc9  for  the  specie* 
The  identity  of  C.  teres  of  Mitchill,  C.  communis  and  C.  bogtoHtetuU  of 
Sueur,  Cr«(tcu/«ftt«ofKichardson,  C.  j;r(R-j7i^of  Kirtland,and  C./>affi</ii« 
of  DeKay  has  been  long  since  shown,  and  has  been  generally  admitted^ 
by  late  writers.  C.  nigricam  of  Btorer  and  Thompson,  from  the  Ooa«9 
necticut,  is  evidently  the  dusky  brook  form  of  this  species,  and  not 
the  tiue  nigricainf  o(  Le  Suear.  It  is  equally  evident  that  the  species 
called  C\  aureolus  by  Valenciennes  and  Giinther  is  the  present  one  and 
not  Myji'ostoma  aurvolum,  Agassiz's  CatoHtomus  forHicrianun  is  doubtless 
the  cumniou  lake  form  of  0,  ierts^  ns  indicated  by  I>r.  Giinther.    The 

*  Tbr  t'ollowmK  i»  l4ic{i>^e'a  drAeriplloD  of  tiU  **Le  CyptiH  Commrrwnifu  ** : — 
"Odzo  nyoD8  &  la  dorsule;  hail  4  la  nugvnire  dv  I'iiiius;  dix  k  clinqiu-  vcnl 
bait  on  aeuf  it  obaqnu  peotonile ;  la  oagcoire  du  du«  cl  ci'Ue  du  ranu«  iiaadrilAt' 
ranal  6troitc  ;  Tangle  de  I'oxtrtimil^  tie  vettc  deruiftre  Dageoiro  trte  niga ;  U  e»u« 
en  crutimuit;  la  li^ne  luternle  droits;  la  niacboiro  Bup^^rluura  p1asovftDo6e  qu«  oell 
■reii  boB;  lea  ^coillea  arroiirti«a  et  Uiftpetitea. 

**  Le  ooniinersonien,  dont  Dooi  publloDH  let  prumlora  ta  ducriplion,  «t  que  lo  sawn^ 
CainuierwHi  a  nitw^rv^f  pn^citp  ttti  double  orifice  pour  L-baqui*  narino;  nu  t  -ai 

do  pift  IU<«  iicaiUes ;  ks  veulruloe  «t  mm  iteeUiTn\*m  Bont  nrrun JtM  4  Ivut 
ilonwle  k'tflbvo  Ten  lo  mlticu  de  la  lungoeur  lulaU  d«  hi  pubwuu.** 


cal 

le<ll 


CAT08TOMU8   TERES. 


169 


if  C  tncklii  are  Iu8t,  btit  C  Ureg  occnrs  in  tlie  Upper  Mi&sonri 
nod  Girard^tt  desctiption  Iiint8  at  ao  specific  difTerence.  Catonto- 
ekhrvpUron  Abbott  is  evidently  the  same.  CtitotttomuH  tejcanns 
dv«cnt»e<l  from  u  dried  specimen,  is  less  clear,  but  what  tbero  is 
if  ipeoific  cbamclerization  iu  tbe  description  |>oints  to  C.  teres,  Tbe 
eftriDation  is  frequently  observinl  iu  stuffed  fisbes  m  wbicb  Hi»me 
islrft  In  ttie  bm^k  to  sbrink  iu  dryingjenviugtboback  *''c:iriii:itH(P. 
bAVi!  exuniined  severnl  of  tbe  types  of  CatostoniuH  aHU'ohi8ijO\ie, 
are  all  smttU  fisbes,  uot  uue-tourtb  {^ruwu,  aud,  as  usual  iu  yuung 
tb<»  beiid  appears  pro|)ortionally  large.  I  see,  bowever,  do  ren- 
for  consi«]eriug  tbein  diflerent  from  Catostomvg  ierat.  MoxDHtoma 
turn  I  have  already  referred  to.  The  absence  of  tbe  lateral  line 
miIdii  tu  their  youib,  uot  to  tbeir  belonging  to  a  difi'erent  genus. 
The  three  largu  latenil  spots,  "  not  seen  in  any  other  of  the  order,''  are 
Jnud  CHI  yoang  specimena  of  CatotttomvH  geuendly.  I  have  examined 
ifo  lyfies  of  *'Moxostnnm  tritiignatum^y  and  have  found  specimens  of 
Miltreixe,  fumil^u'ly  colored  and  \^itbout  lateral  line,  from  Micbigau  and 
(Mother  \Ve<^m  States.  I  would  undertake  tu  mntch  tbem  from  any 
Kraun  in  the  West.  Tbo  reference  of  these  specimens  to  Moxostoma 
i>t«y9tm)  wftM  probably  the  result  of  a  very  hasty  examiuatiun. 
Spv^mmi  JR  UnUed  Statet  Sniional  -Museum. 


vm 


tioeallty. 


CarlUlit.  Pft 

MaoUjid 

Lttkn  Cbftinpl&in. .. 
aUHcUAfObio 


rm 


pact  flanKLf  Mich. 


'«fx>ot4>.  Canndtt ..•••.  ...•..). 


170    CONTEIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMEBICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. 

Speeimen$  in  United  States  National  Mueeum — Continued. 


Number. 


8664 
8671 


8728 

W59 

8834 

8870 

89S7 

8964 

9041 

9054 

9059 

9157 

9170 

9182 

9195 

9207 

9393 

9404 

9503 

9646 

9875 

10540 

11146 

11147 

11148 

12320 

12915 

12936 

12937 

12939 

12940 

15356 

15777 

17099 

1«258 

1825U 

20010 

20057 

20097 

20194 

20195 


Locality. 


Huron  Biver,  Michigan 

Oswego,  N.  Y 

Alabama 

Miasouri  (t)..... 

Pembina.  Red  River  of  the  North 

Anx  Plainee  River,  IHlnois 

Lake  Champlain 

£!corse,  Mioh 

Abbeville,  S.  C 

Mississippi  Valley 

Black  River  ... ,. -. 

Lake  Superior 

Saudiisky,  Ohio 

Sandusky,  Ohio 

Sandusky,  Ohio 

Potomac  River 

Twin  Lakes,  Colorado  (alticolus) 

South  Httdley  Falls,  Mass 

South  Hadley  Falls,  Mass 

South  Hadley  Falls,  Mass 

South  Hadley  Falls,  Mass 

Buinbridge,  Pa 

Twin  Lakes,  Colorado  (types  o{  alticolus) 

Arkansas  River,  Pueblo,  Col.  (types  of  tririgHatum). 

Potomac  River 

Potomac  River 

Yellow  Creek,  Ohio 

Brownsville,  Tex ^ 

Slug  Sing,  N.  Y 

>  Northern  Bonndary  Sarvey,  Dakota 


Colleotor. 


Bony. 

S.  F.  Baud. 


Barry. 


R.Kennioott. 
R.  Kennioott 

G.Clark. 


F.Baiid. 
W.M.loer. 
W.Milner. 
W.  Milner. 
W.  Milner. 
W.  Milner. 
T.  Rotbrock. 
W.  Milner. 
W.  Milner. 
W.  Milner. 
W.  Milner. 
H.  Bean. 
T.  Rothrock. 
£.  Aiken. 
B.Goode. 
B.Ooode. 
F.Baitd. 


ar.Baiid. 


CATOBTOHU8  MaCBOCHILUS. 


171 


^MofawM  in  United  StaUa  National  ^iwe»m— Continued. 


Kvaber. 


»U1 

9D838 


90967 


S0Q16 
«344 

90377 

taxa 

90454 


90n8 


Locality. 


Piormoot,  N.  Y 

AUdisoo,  Wis 

Quebec,  Canada 

Fox  River,  WisconBiQ 

Sing  Sing 

Boot  Biver,  Wisoonain 

Potomac  Biver , 

Potomac  Btver 

Platte  Valley,  Nebraska , 

Wilkesbarre,  Pa 

Etowah  Biver,  Qeorgia 

Salada  River,  Soath  Carolina 
Fort  Bridger,  Wyoming 


Collector. 


S.  F.  Baird. 
S.  F.  Baird. 

S.  F.  Baird. 
S.F.  Baird. 
8.  F.  Baird. 
S.F.  Baird. 

Goodedc  Bean. 
House. 

L.  H.Taylor. 
D.  S.  Jordan. 
D.  8.  Jordan. 


28.*  0ATO8XOMUS  MACROCfllLUS  Oirard, 

Large-lijtped  Sucker. 

i'K-CatotUmne  Mooroekeilua  Girard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  8c.  Pbila.  175. 

CaUttt0mu$  macrocheilH8  Oirard,  U.  S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Expl.  x,ti25, 1858. 
Cato§tomu$  macrochiltu  GCntiirr,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  Mas.  vii,  20, 1868. 
CatotU>mm»  maerookilus  Jordan  Sl  Copelakd,  Check  List,  156, 1876. 

Habttat. — Colnmbia  River. 

Only  the  origiDal  type  of  this  species  is  known.  It  is  an  adult  spe- 
00160,  well  preserved.  Although  this  species  seems  closely  related  to 
C.  oeeidentalie,  I  am  disposed  to  consider  it  distinct,  as  the  mouth  is 
ttoubly  larger  than  in  any  oocidentalis  which  I  have  seen.  The  exami- 
lation  of  a  large  series  of  specimens  may,  however,  render  it  necessary 
to  unite  them. 


Specimens  in  United  StaUt  National  Mueeum. 


KuW. 


Locality. 


Avtcwia,  Oregon  (type  nutcrockilus) 


Collector. 


Lieot.  Trowbridge. 


(»).  CaioeUmms/eeundue  Cope  &,  Yarrow,  eeo  Addenda,  p.  219. 


172     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOV — HI. 


39.  OATOSTOMDS  OCCIDENTALIS  Ayre9, 

ft'c^tfrn  Sucker. 

1654— Ca(Mto*.tMr  oovidentalu  Ayrrs,  Proc.  C»l.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc  i,  la 

Cato»tomm«  oooidentalis  Aoassiz,  Am.  Joum.  Su.  Artu,  dd  *enea,  lis,  309,  U 

(Describ«d  aa  anew  itpeeifsH.) 
CatoatomaK  occidcntalu  Oikard,  Pnw.  Ac.  Nat.  Be.  Pbiltt.  174, 1356, 
CatOHtomiu  occidenUtlit  OiiiAliD,  V.  S.  Puc.  K.  R  ElpI,  X,  224,  1656. 
CatoittomM  occidentalin  GO-stukr,  Cat  Fishe*  Brit.  Mub.  vii,  17,  1668. 
Cato§tomH4  ocddmtalia  Jordak  &.  Copkland,  Check  Liat,  156,  1876.     (Ni 
only.) 

1806— f  CatcaUtmuM  bernardini  GlIURD,  Proo.  Ac.  NaI.  8c.  PbilA.  173. 

f  VatouivmuM  btTtiardini  OiltAKD,  U.  8.  Mvx.  Boniid.  IcbtL.  40,  pi.  23,  f.  \-b^  169 
r  CatQitoaiini  bo'nardini  GCntiiek.  Cat.  FiKbes  Brit.  Moit.  v.  7,  17«  1608. 

Habitat. — Strenou  went  of  the  Rocky  Monnt&infl,  probiibly  generally  distribnti 

This  Bpecies  was  descrit>e<]  almost  simultaneously  uo<ler  the 
name  by  Dr.  Ayres  aud  Profe^ssor  Agassiz.  Siuce  then  it  has  been  U 
uotioed  by  ichthyologists,  and  its  distribatiou  has  rumaJDed  uncei 
The  few  specimens  in  the  National  Mnsetim  indicate,  however,  a 
distribution.  I  have  here  united  Catostomug  bernardini  Oirard  tq 
occidentali9.  The  siugle  specimen  made  the  tyi>e  ot  C.  berttardini  is  U 
so  that  wu  can  probably  never  know  exactly  for  what  the  author 
tended  the  name.  The  size  of  the  dorsal  and  ihe  form  of  the  moutli 
given  in  Gii-ard's  figure  indicate  a  species  of  CatOHtomuH  rather  t 
PanlosieuH^  and  as  I  am  uuable  to  distinguish  it  from  V.  occidenUUk 
let  it  fall  into  the  synonymy.  The  scales  of  C,  bernardini  v^  fig% 
seem,  liowever,  smaller  than  usual  in  C.  ocddenttUia. 

V.  occidentaliM  is  apparently  related  to  C.  f^rvs.  hut  ia  distiugoii 
by  the  f(»rm  of  month  and  by  the  souiewhat  smaller  scales.  The  spec 
is  '*  bronght  to  the  market  in  San  Francisco,  and  is  said  to  be  qii 
common  in  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaqnin  Bivers." — (Gibabd.) 

Speciment  in  United  Slatta  National  ifuMiin. 


Nnmbor. 


I5fi27 

tt06l4 


LocalUr. 


GrtKm  River, WyoiniDK-.. 
MoLeod  River,  California 


Colleotor. 


Liviuf^toii  8locie, 
Liviuifstun  8(oo«. 


CATOSTOMnS    TAH0EN8IS. 


173 


30.  CATOSTOMCS  LABIATUS  Aytm, 

Thick-lipped  SucUr, 

loMdliw  Antvs,  Proc.  Cnl.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  i,  32. 
OaotUtmtu  lihinitu  Oihaku,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  8c.  Pliiln,  175,  1956. 
Camtimf*  labiatu*  ClmAKP,  U.  8.  P«.  R.  U.  Expl.  i,  224.  185«. 
C4iatU»mm»  Uhiatw  JoRl>AN  A  CoptXAXD.  Cbeuk  List,  156. 1670. 

flklTTAT,— Blrawiiii  of  OrwgoD  (laftinatb  Lak»). 

IharHM*«n  only  I  he  specimen  from  which  Glrard^s  descriptiou  was 
'n.  Liki^  maerochilun,  this  species  appears  distiuct  from  occidefxtalis^ 
Uitt  «x»miDation  of  a  larger  aeries  of  Hpccimens  jh  iiecesanry  to 
rett    At  preiiOQtf  it  apiiearsto  differ  from  macrochilu8  and  occiden- 

li*  in  ibe  smaller  8ize  of  the  dorsal  fin. 


ft 

.VdHmrn*  U  {Jnffed  Sfafei  JVorfoiial  JfNtiwm. 

^ 

^^^^K. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

L     M 

rtAmath  I^ht.On^mn ,..    ,     .. 

Dr.  Jofaa  a  Newberry. 



.Tt,  CATOSTOMU8  ARJ20PU8  Jorrfaa,  sp.  nov. 
Sard-hvadwi  i^Hckrr, 
artfopiu  JoMDAK,  MKS.,  Wbeoler'a  Report  Surv.  W.  lOOtb  Mer.  {intxL). 
Tbii  speclcA  represeots  C  ditoobolus  in  the  section  DecadactyUiH,    Its 
Barrow  fonUtDelte  and  sheathed  lips  iudicate  its  close  relation  to 
ilM.Viur.    Tbe  s|>eci(ic  name  is  from  apatii^^  small,  thin;  »^,  hole  or 
rUr«L    Tbe  typical  8i>ecimeus  were  from  Kern  Biver,  Galifornia. 

Sp«dimn9  kn  VniU)d  SiaUv  A'afioiNil  Mvw^um* 


VuWr. 


Lovulitj. 


CoUeetor. 


Kero  River,  Cal.  (type) 
Cttivoa  Rirer,  Kor«dft. . 


H.  W.  Heoubftw. 
H.  W.  Henshaw. 


a^Ji 


33,  CAT08T0MUS  TAUOENSIS  OiH  &  Jordan. 

SueUr  of  Lake  Tahoe. 

m  fMKrvnu  CooTKR,  CiuhIm'b  Nat.  Wttaltb  Cal.  40&.    (Not  of  OiranL) 
MAoMute  Oiu.  A.  JoRDAK.  Ball.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mat.  xi.  p.  — • 
*«  Tnhor,  Knvoda. 

of  T^ke  Tahoc  is  closely  relate^l  to  CatostomuH  tonffiroHtrU, 
tu  dtfliir  oonataiitly  in  the  shorter  head  and  mor^  contracli'd 


174     CONTRIDirnONS  to  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY III. 


body.  It  is  said  to  be  very  abuudiirit  in  Lake  Tahoe.  "TUe.v  are  caaglii 
in  nets  and  soDietimos  witb  the  hook,  but  like  all  this  fitiuily  are  rathei 
poor  HH  footi "  ( Coo/Rr).  Acomu^  generoauH  of  Giranl,  with  vrhich  thil 
species  has  boeu  ideutified,  is  a  very  ditteront  species,  belougiag  to  i 
diflcreut  geuus. 

SpaaifMnk  in  United  StalM  Nattotial  JfMflHm. 


Nnmlier. 

Loedlty. 

Collector. 

5340 

Lake  Tahoo  (typos  C.  tahoentis) 

J.  0.  Coop«?r.       ' 
!L  W.  HeushawJ 

17100 

l.»L-Hl>hnA 

33.  CATOSTOMUS  BOSTKATUS  {TUcmM)  Jordan, 

Siherian  Sudcer. 
IBtS—^CfprinuM  rottralva  Tu^sius,  M6m.  Ac.  Sc  Su  Pf^lerabuurK,  iv,  p.  454,  tab.] 
Bgs.  1-2,  IdlS,** 
CifprinHg  rwtratta  Pkj.tj^s,  Zo»^r.  ItcwHO-AHiAt.  Ui.  308. 

CifpriuM  rovlmtiw  Gt>NTnKR,  Cm.  Fi^tUca  Brii.  Mus.  xii,  13, 1866.    (Asdoal 
Bpeoieaof  Catwtamwt.) 
1B44 — Catotiomuti  UleHi  Cuviku  Sl  Valknciknnks,  Uxat.  Nat.  des  PoiaBonH^  xvii,  469. 
1644. 

Habitat. — Eastflm  Siburia. 

No  writer  since  Tileaiiis  seems  to  have  observed  this  fish.     It  is,  hov- 
ever,  uiiqui^stioaubly  a  specifs  of  CatoKtomm^  allied  to  and  perhaps  uvi 
identical  with  C.  loH{/iroHtriH,     The  lollowiug  is  Tilesius's  dc.scTipti< 
of  this  species,  as  quoted  by  Pallas: — 

'*De«rlpUo  Ctfprini  roitrafi  TuDgtuis  iwi  Covynuim  flnv.,T»cbukuliicbsD  ot  Jac 
Omttoc-b.'i  dieti.    Tub. XV,  Fig.  1-5.     {tkr  Btiffelkarpfm,  Rampk4>p/.) 

**  \fatjnii»do  iu  luliiltia  iHMlem  anperat-,  sed  trinm  ■pitbamiu-uin  loDgitndUifim 
ftttiDgit.  (^^H<  oBHeniD  loDgum  antico  roatro  deseondeDte  trnncaitim  e  qnliio  lii 
quAtn  oh  rf  m  Riitbonis. 

"  Ktiub  dk-ttur  ftliis  Product,  quoniam  os  aubtni,  nt  In  («lr)  Cotto  catApbracl<»  y^Y 
AgDDu  occipenseriiio.  sed  Hctas  oris  vol  orlticinra  Inniitnui  uou  fttn|ilnin  »<nI  aitf^gttuii 
labiifl  craMiU  pingnibuH  tiiiirgdiiitanijaltinin  anterittB  rorDJoatuin.  ambito  9<imicirctil 
oeaibim  Inliialibiu  vel  myataccia  ad  friunam  oria  deeoeudDDlibua  an-aatia  Iat«nilL| 
Ipctum,  Inbinm  poaturina  luiuiu,  rectum^  ab  aot«riori  Inolnanm  auplaxntn  |i»tH| 
utinmriisitiAiiuU  grnnnlatnui. 

"  Oculi  lateralia  a  roetro  reoioU  otirrriiln  poat«Hoti  braiicbiah  approxlmall  ori 
Iridlbim  aurvis  sujicrnv  angtiHlinriluin,  pnpillii  Ntipra  centrum  fiojiila.     .Yarn  tuA 
giuetu  orbito;  antcriorcni  ilnpUcra  in  ftitlco  pmfundo  uwuv>.     Oprrrmla  frraanlkiait;* 
lamellaUi,  lametUt  anterior  citin  oaaibtia  maxtlbo  anpfliioria  mnjnncta  «U}rpt)cA 
ad    orbttiu    niargi uem    BDloriofvm    iWKM^ndnn^    Inforiua    lanialln 
■oguatiuh  orbitnni  knfvtiorom  fnrmaiit.1  lnipo«ita,  lauiioa 


CATOSTOMns    L0NG1B08TRIS. 


175 


■idinBfeinuuia,nibciis  pllcn  itnliiuojiif^uli  ulnntA,  oariietrf^itar  subiirliiUli.  Lamina 
fMlPiir  ibit  .  '  li-oiiinn  nnM>a  ciiriebm  iwluiMtar  rnrnieatA,  aiitpritiH  otiiii  ohittn  mar- 
0t^  p^t**-  ii».     Mtmhrana  hranchioutrga  triradiata  intflr  ofK-'ronli    taniinam 

■fcriioii  MibtRii  atribqtut  ApproxIuAtatn  coarcU  «t  in  iathnio  ki'i**  minJiiootA. 
Chpa*  tiblmig;om  <tn<rtum  niicrolfpiilotiini,  ftqaamis  tcevibiu  ttuliltli-«iiiiD  nulinto- 
Mrlalla  «bl4iai|(iH,  jbil  i'.-i[iut  uiiuuribiiH  TorHUM  ninirn  vt  cnodnni  mnjoriUiis  imbricatuni 
cciM^ik-cnliitti  l«vUrr  compnrMoui,  veotre^loraaKqne  codtoxuih.  tinra  lnUrati»Tixt% 
m»ii»r<tlani  lUirjiuHM  punlulnin  deewmlHtiit  purBeHemBquaTnarumpncitice  inciBarnm 
mpmam  vtrwt  cnnclam  raaf[iii  conspiotin.  Color  in  dono  atro  cfcrnleus  iijiidiia,  venoal 
IMb>  «(ilnr)gf!iitcn«,  subtni  nlbons.  J'iuatv  peotorale*  qaatuordfrini  rudiutw,  radii 
a  ko^MMOil,  rvtttmjMi  Hernnir^tMaAat,  ritdia  priino  om«^  acntniiiatt>,  dornnli*  di'cein- 
frt  daudt^iitiriidiuta,  nulto  priuio  oiiiii  iidiiiiniculo  rudicali,  iilttniu  liruvimiina^ 
D  nw|ae  Amm^,  cnunibtis  ml  apictw  qiiiulrilidm,  dorDaliv  pintiii  vniitmlihiin  oppo- 
&u»]l«  p,  MptemradiftU,  ritdio  pihim  Hiinplici  eiiin  udiiiiuicnlo  mdicali,  reli<|iiiii 
InAtlla,  t«nlu  lotiietMiiuo  svptimo  bn*\'ii*Hiiiio,  Catitlntitr  pinna  bifurea  lacinia 
paolu  oujttr  iitidiH>.iiiiradi.irn,  inpoHor  nnvt*nt  radial  a  intA  piliiiH  ri^inti  railiia 
tt»  rxtrtrmiit  lutrralibiia  c-uni  jidtntriicMilo  mdionli  cnnnattH.  Rudit  pennamm  nd 
lUlta  quailrlAdt  et  extrvDii  ad  radiceA  duplioati  vel  ex  bliiia  truncia  connati, 
»b  mu  ptiniim  donutlih  1(>n(ptiidiiiulit«^r  ttt\  Imniii  nii]»kt<iiH  twt,  qmid  ttltam  in 
wuli*  fft  raQdullbttMexlrviuts  fvro  c\  IrtbiiK  uaiiip<N(itis  cvrnitar.  In  doritaH  «( 
pmna  rwlll  Table  dUtaot,  pcotorales  vrntmleA  et  aiialis  pinatn  atirvo-rabmcvntoa 
All  bwun  pn^imiiiftnt^s,  pi'ctoralea  adco  tnberosv,  ventniliiiDi  rad>c«»  per  mem- 
na«iB  Unilnam  txiangnlarem  Bqnaniatan)  obief^ntur.  Auuh  caufliu  propior.  lu- 
noo  rxptuntTi.  CbarurteribuB  rieterum  ^n^riiicyprinareioreniminiiuedeDtnlOi 
lUbaa  pu»l  braorbiallbiis,  inenibrntm  branchiofltoBa  triradiata  nttiii(|[ie  iuMiructua 
■L  X  eel«brrriniu  AtirrK  pliira  «iH*cln>a  tx  siitcata  ux  Cuvyintc  dnvin  nllata  snot, 
^m  DMoliup  TnehakutarbaD  dr«ifO>Bt*  atint.  Aanotavit  aimiil  idem,  'pifwem  in  LftOAl 
•  iadUflro  ejn»r)ue  oollaTerali  lapidaao  Dugdo  Uiiviia  copioeum  cum  immI  propter 
HttOMftTebK'iLiiU'm  captu  <lll1tcilem  ataa  ot  dod  niai  io  cawls  tluiniDQiu  raaiia  hamo 
ofi,  BRSHtim  rC  ve|i>ctMlnivi  imUn*,  wpidiH^imnm  c«it«ram,  excvpio  vcr«,  oiim,  ovm 
ariatla  iin(My1ituni  piMtnn  «wm^,  nllatium  nb  ac«olin  CiivyniiB  «l  IndiginMB 
G^Mt  tatit«m  \a  dt^lb'iU  babel,  reliqna  canibiiAerduut)  uoii  aitiUoui  festiniari,*' — 
Ztograpkia  So999-A$iaHca,  pp.  30t^l0.) 

3i-  CATOSTOMUaLOilGIItOSTRrSXo^iWKr. 

t^nff-notrd  Sucker.     .VorfArrn  ,Sicktr.     Itrd-itidcd  Sucker. 
Bti—^C§primm»  c«i(H»(<Miif  FoitKiioi,  Philoit.  Trann.  Ixiii,  17m,  tuti.  i>.  177:1." 
r|yr4«««  mtnattnmut  AcilXKlDKit,  «1.  Bloch,  444, 1A02. 
•r«lMlMnv>  langirmtrum  I,K  Sr>'.1^lt,  .tmitii.  Au.  Nut.  Sc.  I'bilu.  lli*J. 
CmtMi^muM  tvnyirtMtriim  T)inMP90N,  lIlHt.  Vt.  135. 1H42. 
ftm^imn*  tfm0Tt»tti»  DkKay.  New  Tork  Fanna,  part  iv,  PisbeR,  ti03, 1B42. 
fmimtomiu  UmyirAttrum  Citviku  A.  Valrxciknmu,  xvil,  4&3,  l»M4. 
lom{tirXMitrHm  HroKKK,  SyiiofMiA,  4'^1,  ]M(i. 
longiro*trum  JtiKDAK  &  CopfO-txp,  Cbock  List,  156,  1676. 
t*tt»btmiu  Ufmgiro*tri§  JokdaX  \.  OiuiKitT,  in  Klippart's  Ropt.  tul,  IS77. 
^—Cttmtttmm*  hudtoninn  Lv.  BUKl'R,  Jourii.  Av,  Nut.  bv,  Phila.  1()7. 


CONTRIBUTTONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY lit. 

CntottomuM  hudtoninii  CuviER  &  VALKNCiKsyss,  Hist.  Kftt.  dee  FoiswsDB,  xvSi,  4S9, 
1644. 

CaUntvHiatf  hmtaonim  Storbr,  Synopsift,  419,  1846. 

t'aloMtomuii  bttdtoniuif  AuAf^iK,  Am.  Jouni.  8c>.  ArtH.Qil  eeries,  xix,  Q08, 1S55. 

Cato0toinuii  budsoniu^  GCNTaen,  Cat.  Kuliee  Brit.  Mas.  vii.  13. 166t^ 

Cnlonlomu*  /lUilciKtitua  Jomdan,  Man.  Vert.  393, 1876. 

Calmtomun  hMdmrnHit  Nkij^hx,  Hull.  No.  I,  Ills.  Ma«.  NaU  Hiflt.  48, 187fi. 
li^l — CatoBtomus  /oratcrianat  IticiiAKDSox,  Franklin's  Joarnal,  7'.fO. 

Catoatomtut  forato'ianu*  Richakdhobi,  Faanu  Dor.-Amar.  Hi,  Fishos,  116,  IH36. 

Catoitomuti  /QnttprianuA  HkKay,  Now  York  Fuonn,  part  iv,  FiabeM,  *203,  \M% 

VaiMtomns  fontrrianm  <jDVicn  &  Valkncienkka,  Hist.  Nat.  d^a  Poimodb, 
4G3.  t»44. 

Cnt09tomM«  /onterianM  Stokrr,  Synopsis,  410, 1846. 

AtvmuM  forttieriantttt  Oikard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  172,  1856, 

ratoffromut  forsttrinwu  Putnam,  Dull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  10, 1H63. 

Catmtomvn  fnntrrianM  .ToRl>AN  &  Copkland,  Check  Liiit,  150, 1076. 
Iti50 — I'atontaiHvn  titirora  Ac.assiz,  Lake  Stipenor,  :U)0,  pi.  2,  t.  3-4. 

AcomuH  aurora  Uikaiu),  Pruc.  Ac.  Nat^  Sc.  Pbila.  17:t,  1856. 

Ctilw>l0mH9  nurora  Pitnam.  Bull.  Mdh.  Comp.  Zool.  lU,  1863. 
m56 — AcomHt  ffri»<m9  Girard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pfaila.  174, 

AcoMM  ffriKun  (iiHAKD,  U.  S.  PBc.  K.  K.  Expl.  X,  322.  pL  xlix,  1858. 

CttlmttmuH  prinetu  GCKTBER^CAt.  Finbea  Brit.Mnn.  Tii,14,  IbGH. 

CatontomuM  griacmm  CofK,  Hnyden'fi  Oeol.  Sorv.  Wyoroinu,  1870,  4;M,  1873. 

Catofitmnu9  gri»CH»  J(»RI»a.v  4  Copkla.ni>,  Check  LiHt,  15«J,  1^7(1. 
16166 — Cato»tomu»  taotarinn  GiRAJtD.  Proc.  Ac.  Not.  So.  Pbila.  174. 

JmmMt  lactariM  Girard,  U.  8.  Pao.  R.  R.  Kxpl.  x.  293. 1K58. 

Catoitomittt  lactariun  .Iordan  /k  Copeuumd,  Check  List,  15*»,  1976L 

Haiiitat. — Ntitr  England  to  NobraNkn  and  north  to  Alonka  and  th«  Arotio  Seio.  Gi 
tremely  abnudant  in  Britinh  Aoierieaand  alonj;  tbe  northern  biiundaries  of  the  Unit* 
Statett,  bnt  not  found  sontb  of  40°  north  latitude. 

This  is  nuotber  of  our  uumcrous  species  which  have  an  extremely  wide 
ran^e  of  ilisii-ibutioii  and  a  considerable  ntnge  of  variution.  It  has  tH^on 
longer  known  than  any  other  of  the  Siirkera.  Tbe  oldest  specific  name 
^iven  was  that  of  catoatomva,  which,  however,  hnd  to  be  set  asi<l«  wheo 
the  generic  name  Catostomut  was  proposed  for  it-  The  next  imnie  ii 
order  of  lime  is  the  very  appropriate  ouo  of  longirotttrum  Le  Sueur  (uioi 
properly  spelled  UmffiroMiris)^  given  to  some  specimens  from  Vermonl 
Five  paf^es  later,  the  name  hudsonius  was  given  as  a  sabstitute  for 
to$ttm\t9  of  Forster.  Tbe  slight  priority  of  lonffirmtntm  over  kudtHmu 
however,  .seems  to  entitle  it  to  preference,  althongli  the  hitter  namftj 
been  most  frequently  used.  Later,  specimens  considertd  by  Or.  G ill 
to  bo  identical  with  kudMonitiM  received  from  Richanlson  tbe  name  **. 
atcriann8^\  and,  still  later,  the  name  fortterUmun  W4.h,  wttboat  «v 
rr*nson,  tninslVrred  from  tbiis  species  to  term  by  Pmfeswr  Ar 


CAT0ST0MU6   LONOIBOSXaiS, 


177 


pre  Uk  tbtft  8iH?cie8  tbe  immo  of  auroraf  in  nllosiun  to  the  red  breeding 
colon  of  the  tuale.     Western  epeciuitDs  weiu  Mill  later  described  by 
Girard  urn  two  distinct  HpecieSf  grueus  and  lactariuH,  apparently  without 
eoBpariaoD  with  the  Eastern  t'urnis. 
Tlie  examlDatioQ  of  the  Inige  sniesof  specimens  noticed  1»elow,  to- 
irr  wltb  others  from  the  Great  Lakes  and  Upper  Mississippi,  bus 
iTioced  uie  tbat  all  belonf^  to  one  species,  variable  to  some  degree, 
not  more  so  than  is  CutoHlvmus  teres  and  less  so  tlian  Erimyzon 
Some  of  the  Upper  Missonri  specimens  referable  to  C.griseus 
bare  on  an  average  rather  smaller  scales  (95  iu  the  lateral  line 
lead  of  100  to  110);  but  I  qui  nonble  todi^^inguish  a  tangible  vai-iety. 
original  types  of  (1,  Utctariu$  Girard  are  not  now  to  bti  found,  but 
Ite  description  indicates  uo  diOereuce  from  C  lon<firo8tris. 
J^edmewM  in  United  StateM  yational  Muiotm. 


Intbsf. 


aim 


Loculity. 


Lake  Superior  ..... . 

IMgct'aSoaod 

Pintle  Riv«r,Keliruka 

YoDgbiu^ciiy  River 

Lake  Winuipeg 

KuUtOf  Tonoon  Kivor,Alaaka. 


KiMX  Connty,  New  York 

Quabcc 

OrMi  BUv«  Lake 

Pole  Ctmk,  Nobnuka ... 


Saint  MichaelX  Alaska 

Aa  Sable  Rivrr,  Micbigoa 

Au  8abl»  River,  Michigan  . 

Au  8ablc  River.  Mlcblgan 

Racine.  Wia 

Xowihtn  Uonndnrj'  Surrey,  Dakota 

itociM.  Wbi 

IaIeo  8apcrior 

(Probably  origiaol  tyiK»  of  griwtu;  tbe  old  uuiuber 

•nd  luoatity  obliterated.) 
Pf«n*  River.  N'ehnuka ..> 

rval  Lake*  .•• 


Collector. 


J.  W.  Milner. 
R.  Keniiioott. 
Capi.  Simpsoo. 
Prof.  Aiiiliutvs. 
R.  Keunicott. 

W.  H.  Doll. 


8.  F.  Balrd. 
R.  KeuDicott. 
Lieut.  Wood. 


Dr.  Baoniater. 
J.W'.MilDer. 
J.W.MilDor. 
J.W.MUner. 

Dr.  Elliott  Coneo. 
8.  F.  Baird. 
J.  W.  Milner. 
Bovrman. 


Bolt  K.  M.  No.  13— i: 


ff  iiErs-OT/wr— iiL 


ip.DOV. 


j^   -^-r^   r    I  jsniwsif  vitli  the 
*«r--«r^    :i»  Tn«  jf  Xa  21,197 

g-^-r?>^  :e*^  .Jim"  -asMBoxd  &omF 
»^-  IS-  saauc^  '[  ^  iot^rlutf,  bat 
BL=ES  xrziiA  -oca  i  sonnaKaosu 


^•aJector. 


Coo 


•'.. —    ;:  — »a^      -r»"w-       _-     .    -  _._  '-^.   .--.    -iU-  S..  7 Vlik  ▼"«  333. 

'.-    ■■  -iJi*    ir^'tT'-        "^  '  '.       1.     ~ -i;"*  "■■"..  ^-5.    "i.  I*.  1'^*. 
A'om^t'  ;-ijni.in.*fl>»j    -fr: I-'     '    '■    L.-.r    '^.'Zz^.  ?*ir^.  Iciiru.  II*.  pi.  u:::.  f.  ( 

f  nInilomuM  i^u^-miJUt^Mtii    ^-t'Ti:  11^,1.    'xT.  T'-itif*  3pt.  Vtx&  r^\.  1-":.  I'-6?- 

lIMt      |.|71i. 

•  ...  i>'«N(  iiiifiHttHiiH»h  JoBitAS  &.  COPELASV,  Check  Liar,  V-^tS,  1^76. 

\ •  uriil  Somiru.    Oroen   Kiver,  Wyomia^  i  Cojwl.     Probably 


\  >  - » -  \  «\ 


sv  »s  V  KKvit  !itrong]y  marked  of  oar  Suckers.  1 
\    \%'»  »   «;   %»<»kv  l\v  the  slender  form  aud  excess 

\  ■>^^^  t»wi  -ix^SANtv  in  the  females  the  fins  are  m 
■    N  *-«««.>  «.v^H^fth«' related  species.    Thesqoai 


CATOSTOHUS  DISCOBOLUS. 


179 


tioG  tlso  is  pecaliar,  and  the  form  of  the  mooth  is  anlike  that  of  any 
«aerq>edeB.  These  features  are  all  well  shown  in  Girard's  flgore  of 
fte  spedes  in  the  Ichthyology  of  the  Mexican  Boandary. 
I  Ibe  distribntion  of  the  species  has  not  been  well  made  out.  I  have 
bat  one  specimen,  an  adnlt  male  from  the  Gila  region,  apparently 
ae  firom  which  Girard's  figure  was  made. 
fte  type  of  Catostomus  guzmaniensis  cannot  be  found.  The  fignre  was 
from  a  young  fish,  and  the  distinctions  between  it  and  latipinnis 
Fnmch  aa  often  distinguish  a  young  fish  from  an  old  one.  It  is  better, 
[iCRfore,  to  nnite  the  two  than  to  admit  an  insufficiently  characterized 
species. 

Spedmau  in  United  States  National  JTummm. 


Locality. 


Collector. 


SOOTS 


(Type  of  laHpinnis  nndonbtedly,  but  the  locality,  Rio  San 
Pedro,  tributary  of  Sio  Gila,  and  old  number,  354  f ,  oblit- 
erated.) 


J.  H.  Clark. 


37.  0ATO8TOMUS  DISCOBOLUS  Cope. 

Large-lipped  Sucker, 

VB%-Caioetomu»  duooholue  Cope,  Hayden's  Oeol.  Snrv.  Wyo.  1870, 435. 

CatottomuM  diBcoboltu  Cope  &  Yarrow,  Wheeler's  Expl.  W.  100th  Mer.  t,  Zool. 

677, 1876. 
Caioatomna  diaooholus  Jordan  &  Copblamd,  Check  List,  156,  1876. 

Habitat. — Idaho  to  Arizona. 

This  interesting  species  is  a  Pantosteus  in  all  bnt  the  technical  char- 
ttter  of  the  open  fontanelle,  and  in  this  respect  it  is  really  intermediate, 
lithe  fontanelle,  in  the  adult  at  least,  is  reduced  to  a  narrow  slit  The 
diaracters  given  in  the  analysis  were  taken  from  the  Snake  Biver  spe* 
ooen,  20,475,  larger  and  in  better  condition  than  most  or  all  of  those 
eumined  by  Professor  Cope.  Professor  Cope's  original  types  came  from 
Oreen  Biver  in  Wyoming, 


180     CONTRinUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMKRICAN  ICHTnYOLOOT III. 

Specimens  in  UniUd  Statn  Xaiional  Muaeuwu 


Number. 

T/tfoalily. 

Cnlleotor. 

laou 

Newberrv. 

1578;* 

Ztini;N.Mex 

Yarrow  &  IIoushAW. 

15791 

AriKoaa  ... . . 

C.  G.  Newberry. 
F.V.Haydeo. 

20475 

Snake  River,  Idaho 

Genus  PANTOSTEUS  Cope. 

MtnoMHM  CoPK,  U.  8.  Geol.  Sarv.  Wyomiog.  1870, 4^4  (1678),    (Not  of  Qtnurd.) 
Pa»tQ»teH8  CupE,  Lieal.  Wheoler'a  £spl.  W.  100th  Uer.  v,073, 1876. 
Cato9tomu9,  Acomus  ct  Minomwi  sp.  GiKAKD. 

Type,  Mlnomn$  plaljfrkiinchu9  Copo. 

Etymolofcy,  TruVfall;  oarlov,  bone  (froro  the  ckmiDg  of  tbe  fontauuUo  by  bcmv). 

Head  moderate  or  rntber  small,  4  to  5  times  iu  luiifTtb  of  body,  llattii 
and  ralber  broad  above,  anteriorly  Houcwbat  pointed  ;  eye  rather  smai 
usually  bebiud  tbe  middle  of  the  bead  :  suborbital  booes  narrow,  as  U 
Catostomug ;  bones  of  bead  ratber  tbick,  tbe  two  |»arietal  bones  Qrml] 
united,  entirely  obliterating  tbe  foutanelle. 

Moutb  rather  large,  entirely  inferior  j  each  jaw  with  a  more  or 
developed  cartilaginous  sheatb,  separable  in  alcohol,  essentially  an 
Chondrostoma,  Acrochilug,  and  related  geuera;  upper  lip  t>road,  papilb 
with  a  ratber  broad,  free  margin,  aud  several  series  of  tubercles ;  lowi 
lip  largely  developed,  with   an   extensive   free  margin  deeply  incif 
behind,  but  less  so  than  in  Catoatomwt.    X'baryugeal  boaes  uud 
esseutially  as  iu  Oatoatomua.    Isthmus  quite  broad. 

Body  generally  elongate,  subteret'O,  and  little  compressed. 

Scales  Quite  small,  from  SO  to  105  iu  the  course  of  tbe  lat^^ra]  Uw 
and  30  to  36  iu  a  cross-series  between  dorsal  and  ventrals,  usually  m< 
or  less  reduced  in  size  and  crowded  forward,  as  iu  Catoatomut;  lati 
line  well  developed,  straightish. 

Pins  generally  rather  small ;  lirst  my  of  dorsal  usually  about  mid! 
of  body,  its  niys  few,  9  to  12  iu  number ;  ventrals  inserted  rather  unci 
posterior  part  of  dorsal,  their  rays  10  or  9 ;  anal  short  and  high, 
7  developed  rays;  caudal  ratber  Blmllow,  emarginate;  pectorals 
developed  :  air-bladder  with  two  chambers. 

The  characters  of  Pun/off/eNit  are  essentially  those  of  ColOfliMiWt'' 
that  the  foutanelle  is  obliterated.    The  usual  scnle-formul 


OEKtTS   PANT08TEU8. 


181 


diote  bel\r«!ii  tliat  of  Catostmnua  proper  Hnd  thnt  of  tbo  subgc'uus 

Il»  gentu  wns  6rst  iDdicat«(1  by  Profeaaor  Cope  in  1874,  under  the 

of  "■ A.  he  wnpposing  at  the  time  that  C^tontomus  imignia^  the 

tgjie  o(  '  s   MinomuMj  \v«s  a  8|KH*ies  with  oh>st'<l  i'ontanelle.     On 

vttioing  ^peciraeoH  of  0.  im'tgHtJi^  it  became  evident  tbnt  snch  n-as  not 
and  the  new  name  Pantostetts  was  proposed  for  the  genua, 
rana  ver^'  dose  to  Cotostomus.  two  8|iecies  referred  to  the 
IPCQOA  {C,  tlixcoholuH  and  C,  aravjfUK)  being  ahnost  iiitiTiiiediate. 
Omarie  C%trcrt^u»tioiui. 
Cop«,  If^S. — "I  biive  propoaod  to  adopt  as  viilid  (Proc.  Amcr.  Pfalloa.Soc. 
rroQ  gpoern  of  thw  family.  I  vriW  now  nild  iiu  eitjiitli,  which  embraces 
whkoli  cnmlflne  vr\lh  the  ohiiraotora  of  CatoaUwititi  proper,  a  coinplf^to  nnion 
pKrietftl  boDM,  ivhiob  ohlitonitce  the  fontani^Ue  so  universal  nmong  tbi^ 
Tbe  uoly  olber  exception  is  scou  io  Ct/clfptua,  Kuf.,  im  I  huvo  uirt^aU,v  ojcu- 
la  all  the  niembers  uf  the  family  where  I  bAVe  exniniuefl  it.  this  runtnimllo  is 
M  Mid  of  no  doubtful  propnrtloDS,  and  uowbero  reihicod  to  the  slit  so  often 
ia  AUilHdl*.  In  ftrmching  for  the  chanictorsuf  Gii^nt'sso'taliud  gcucra  Alinoiuua 
Ja^mmM,  I  Boit  that  th«  tyiH*  of  (lie  fonnvr,  M.  intigifia,  B.  G.,  presents  ihu  cbftroctcr 
•»  MMinftnciril  I  thi^refore  adopt  hta  Daiu«  for  thn  new  genus,  and  add  two  new 
iMs  if.  4tipkiHu»  And  J/.  barduB,  Whether  his  twoothor  spRcien,  M.  pleUiua  ulkI  J/. 
M,  WkMig  U*  il  is  uncertain  5e  yet^  bot  they  hnvothe  snme  physiognumy."— (Cope, 
im^t  0««r  Surr.  JTyomitg/or  1870,  p.  434,  1«^.) 
P«VTtMmcfT]i  (Cope)  Yarrow.  IWG.—*' rix>fe8Bor  Cope,  In  It^O,  purpoeed  to  adopt  as 
•vco  itwcwrib  of  Ibis  fftatlly ;  tint  io  1879,  ho  stated  bia  belief  that  an  eighth 
Imb  aiklMl,  wbiclt  should  cmbrare  speuiiui  comhiuin^  the  charactern  of  CatoMtomiin 
m  oomiihste  anion  of  the  parietal  boaes,  which  nliliterates  the  fontaiielle,  so  nni* 
fMMlaaMMkgtbosuokcmi;  tlie  only  other  excoptioa  bciu'^seeuiuCyt'/c/iUv,  Ktif.,iisbeba9 
ataattdr  ob«v*rvtd.  In  all  the  nmnihers  of  the  family  that  ho  has  examined  in  this  rc- 
^iA  lint  fi>ntant>lt«  \im  Imwh  found  quite  ojwn  and  of  no  doubtful  proportions,  and  is 
aaatMie  mluoed  to  the  alit  often  teen  in  the  Bilnridie,  nnle«s  it  be  In  the  Catoitomtm 
ftM4*AM.  In  suarcblng  for  the  char.totcrs  of  Olranl's  so-oilled  geuuni.  AftnoAiu* 
mi  Amma*,  be  expntwed  the  view  that  ilio  type  of  the  formor,  .\f,  iiivigni«,  B'urd  &. 
GizBnl,  pffiMRnts  th*^  oharact^r  in  qoostiou.  This  oonclusion  wns  bnsed  ou  n  stHfcinieu 
In  ibe  Acuidntuy  uf  Kaltiml  Scionces  from  Woahingtoa,  iM'itring  thut  naniL>.  Ilav- 
rtaee  ssattibMH!  fiye  specimens  of  the  .V.  itiMgnit,  obtained  by  the  geolo>;ists  of  thin 
r,  k«  finds  tfaem  to  t>e  true  Catoatorni  as  detormined  by  the  presence  of  tbo  fon- 
It  (b«>r«tfore  requlnvi  a  name,  and  lie  proposes  for  it  that  uf  J*amUHkiits.  It 
I*,  platgrhjfnrktft  i*,)arnsvii  and  /*.  virtvxtta  Cope  of  the  present  essay  and  P. 
sfKl  *  Uoyden's  Report, /.o,"—(yAJUioW,lics(,  Wlivfltsr't  SrpL 

■ra  Cupe  A  Jordan,  PfT?. — "Body  oh1on(c  or  elon^nte,  with  a  short,  aub- 

Madder  !u  two  parts  ;  lateral  lino  trell  devela|H*d  ;  fnn*juiellt-' 
:>  of  tlie  pariotal  Imuea." — (Jordax,  I*roc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sc.  Phila* 


182     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICnTHYOLOGY DL 


ANALYSIS  OF  BPBCtKS  OF  PAICTOSTXITB. 


1m  ver;  email,  100  to  105  id  the  lateral  line;  16  above  and  16  below,; 

wries :  body  »lougate,  comprcwcd,  tbc  caaJal  puduDclu  cuntracted  :  bead  fll 
wide, 5  in  length:  lunzzlu  obtuse. little  prajvctiDg;  upper  lip  wido;  low 
fnl],eujargiuate;  Jaws  with  woUdoTolopedoartUagiuoassboatba  :  scales 
reduced  in  (tise  forwarda :  dorul  rayn  10  ;  Tentral  9 :  color  tdive ;  lover  si 

yellow viRBdCBNi 

**  Scales  small,  60  to  b5  In  the  couree  of  thu  lateral  llue. 

t  Scales  Tory  much  reduced  and  crowded  actcriorly  :  upper  lip  full,  pendent; 
ginoua  sheaths  on  jaws  well  developed,  the  commi&auzo  traosvorse 
ruptly  augalate  at  the  oomen  of  the  mouth, 
a.  Body  extremely  elongate,  the  depth  5^  to  7  in  length  :  head  H  in  lungib 
aod  wide,  with  deprcaaed  aud  expaudiMl  ninszle,  wbioh  cousiderubly  over, 
the  month  :  isthmus  very  wide;  dorsal  rays  11 ;  ventral  rays  9  racalus  1 

belly  and  lower  fins  yuUowish,  probably  red  in  life platykiiyncboi 

aa.  Body  moderately  ulouitatc,  ibo  dept^h  4^  to  5  iu  the  length :  bead  rather 
4^  iu  length, not  specially  broadened;  muzzle  not  greatly  overbangio, 
moaib  :  dorsal  rays  9  (raiely  10) ;  ventral  rays  IU  (rarely  9):  scales  11  to  ll 
to  tJ7-13  to  15:  light  browu  above,  with  dusky  spots  and  clouds;  males  li 
the  chiu  and  fins  rud,  and  a  crimson  lateral  band GKXfcRoscii 

tt Scales  Bubequal  over  the  body,  not  much  reduced  forwards:  upper  lip  rather 
row,  sot  pendent ;  cartilngiuous  shcutb  on  jaws  obsolete  (t). 
b.  Body  coojparatively  stout,  the  caudal  peduncle  short  and  thi<:k,  the  Imck  m 
what  archttd,  the  depth  <t;  to  5  in  length  :  bead  short  aud  wide,  flaitish  all 
4|  to&  iu  length:  scales  14-84-16:  dorsal  rays  9  to  1 1 ;  ventral  rays  tO:  bi 
Ish  above,  with  one  or  two  dark  lateral  shafles I'ucnxioi 

3S.  PAiTTOSTEUS  VIRESCEN8  Cope. 

Green  Sucker. 

Hi7&—PanU>9UH9  virttceiu  (Cova)  Cot's  &.  Varjiow,  Wheeler's  ExpL  W.  100th 
Zool.  675. 
f'antotttue  vireacena  Jordan  &  Copblaxd,  Check  List,  156, 187& 

Hauitat. — Arkansas  River  in  Colorado. 

Ouly  a  siugle  specimeu  of  tbis  H|>ecie8  is  known,  collected  by  Ml 
K.  Aiken  at  l^aeblo,  Colo.    Tho  Buiall  size  of  its  scales  indicates 
distiiiotnesM  from  the  other  species  of  Pantosteux.    Tlie  greoiinesfi 
coloratiou  of  tbe  typical  Bpeoimen  is  probably  due  to  itj»  having  b| 
kept  in  a  copper  tank. 

Speciment  in  United  Siaict  yatiomal  Mutcvm. 


Numt>i*r. 


Ix>caltty. 


Arkamuw  River,  Pueblo,  Colo,  (type)., 


CuUricCor. 


C.  E.  Aiken. 


PANTOSTEUS   GENEH0SU8. 


183 


Ml  PANTOSTETT9  PLATYRHYNCHUS  Cope. 

Flat'^eadcd  Sucker, 

ie^MimmȤ  platpkync\ta  CoPB.  Prac.  Am.  PhiloH  Soc.  Phila.  134. 

F^mioUtm  pUtjirhynck»9  Copb   &.  Yarjiow,  WUeelct'tt  Expl.  W.  lOOlh  Mer.  v, 

tool  e?3.  III.  xxix,  f.  3,  3  u,  lft76. 
frntaHau  ptatj/rhpithuM  Jokdan  &,  Copeuvxd,  Check  List,  UVj,  1870. 
PkMfcAMAnM  jt/alyrAyndl[H«  JORDAN,  Bull.  U.  8.  Nut.  Mas.  xi,  p.  — ,  I87b. 

RkinAT.— Utah  Lake  aud  tributarieii. 

Tbe  apecimens  which  I  have  seen  of  this  species  are  nil  small  and  ia 
ooudition.    Their  remarkable  sleuderne^s  is  doabtless  iu  part  due 
tbclr  Habbiuess.     The  species  as  uoted  by  Professor  Cope  much 
iblea  Catastomuii  diticobolus.    It  is  also  very  simihir  to  Pantosteuv 
r,  bat  at  preseut  I  consider  it  distinct. 

SpMimgM  in  Vitited  State*  Xational  Muteum. 


r 

Locality. 

Collracor. 

r 

tsoe 

Utah  Lako 

Yarrow  &  Ilenshavr. 

Ul€3 

rt^»  l..tlr«                            

Yamtw  ^  UeQHhaw, 

40.  PANT08TEUS  GENEROSUS  {Qirard)  Jordan, 

Jonnoip'ff  Suck^, 

iM  (Acomiu)  geiunmiK  GniARn,  Proc.  Ac  Nat.  8c.  Pbila.  174. 
mv9u§  Ouuup,  U.  S.  Pac.  U.  K.  Expl.  x^  221 ,  la&d. 
9M«r«»M  Joiii>A»  &.  COPELASD,  Cbe^k  List,  l.'iG,  1670. 
iiu  j«mrt>(i  CoPic,  Pruc.  Am.  Philoii.  Soo.  Pbila.  U5. 
PmuottfUB  Jarrottii  Cofk  &.  YakrijW,  Wbeeler'H  Kspl.  W.  100th  Mot.  v,  Zt)ol.  04, 

yl  xxix,)ij'ia,  1^76. 
Pmt1»atau  pmrmi  Johdaji  A  Copklamo,  Chock  Liat,  156, 1S76. 

KuRcT.^Bio  Orst»d«*,  Coloradu  Buiu,  aud  Groat  Busiu  of  Utah  ;  veiy  abnndaot. 

lUt  »pt^es  is  the  most  cbarncteristic  and  most  widely  diffused  of 
iWSockerFof  tbo  Qreat  Basin.  It  was  Orst  described  by  Girard  iu 
liSS,  QDder  (be  name  of  CatoHtomun  generosus,  Ginird^s  description, 
>Bioeocspauie4l  by  a  tl^ure,  was  so  very  loose  and  irrclevaut  that  it  baa 
Mhcrto  rL*a)Uine<J  uniileiitKied.     I  bave,  however^  had  the  opportunity 

•ftL---  '  Oirard's  orit^iual  types,  and  of  comparing  them  with  the 

^|»ft  iHtvuit  jarroviu    They  seem  to  me  to  belong  to  the  same 

(fcdcft,  and  I  am  therefore  compelled  to  substitute  the  name  gtneroBua 


184    CONTRIBU'lIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHVOLOGY — III. 


for  tbat  of  jarrovii»    If  I  hud  uot  beeu  able- to  compare  gottcroaM  wit 
jarroviij  I  should  iieviT  have  8U8i)(5cled  thoir  idoutity. 

Spccimmi  in   Untttd  Statoe  National  MuMeum. 


Nuubor. 

Locality. 

CoUeotar. 

S5B 

Cottonwood  Creek  (tjpes  of  gentrosus)  ...... .... 

Lienr.  I3«i-kwlbh. 

TiDlU 

OjoileGallo,  N.Mex 

Liuut.  Bvalo. 

15802 

noeo 

17095 
16009 
2ni0i! 

Zufii  HiviT,  New  Mexico  (typca  of  Jarrovii) 

Sail  lidcfoiiSD  N.  Mcx  ..... .......... ....  .....* 

H,  W.  fleohbaw. 
Yarrow  &.  Cox»e.      ^J 
Dr.  0.  Loew.            ^| 

Moti3vu  l)£tjort.  Ciiliforiiia...... ......  ......«..> 

Now  Mexico  .       ....■....•......-.....<  ■......> 

H.  C.  Tarruw.           ^| 

Pacillo  Railroad  8arvey,38^ 

Lieut.  Bcokwitti.     ^B 

41.  PANTOSTECS  PLEBEIUS  {Baird  i£  Girard)  Jordan. 
Piain  Sucker. 

\B54—Catoiitomu8  jilcbeiiui  Baird  &  Oiimrd,  Pro&  Ao.  NaU  Sc.  Pbilo.  28. 

CatottomM  pltbitu  Agassiz,  Aiu.  Juurn.  Sc.  Art«, 'Jd  aerie*,  xis^&Od,  IS^SS* 
Minomuf  pUhrinf  GlliAUi>,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  PliiU.  173,  Iridti, 
MiHomiu  jthheiu$  GiiuJU),  U.  S.  Mex.  Boaud.  Sunr.  Icbtb.  38,  pL  xxit,  f.  1-4, 
Catwtomun  plthrjHit  G(*NTiiKK,  Cftt.  Fisbes  Brit.  Mua.Tii,  13,  1808. 
Ct^ottomitH  plrhrju/i  J nmtxs  iSl  Copkland,  Cbeuk  List,  l&T),  ltf76. 
Fantovtaui pkbHw  JonoAS,  Bnll.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  xi,  p.—,  1878. 

197S— Jlfiiiomus  drlj}hinu9  Coi'B,  Haydea's  G<jo1.  Surv.  Wyoming,  lf?70.  4ar»,  IW2, 

Pantotiteiu  dtlithinu^  Cops  iV  Yakruw,  Lieat.   Wboolor's  Bi*)>t.  F.xpl.  W.  1< 

HttT.  vol.  6,  073, 1H70. 
PantMiatt  dolphlnvt  Jokd.U4  ic  Cofklakd^  Check  Lint,  1^,  ItfTH.    (Uiepriat  fc 
delphiniu.) 

187^— iViwm/uut  bai-dua  CoPK,  Ilttydwn's  Gtiol.  Surv.  Wyoming,  IH70,  436. 

Paniovteun  hurdtut  Coi'K,  Lieut.  Wbneler'd  Expl.  W.  lOOth  Mor.  vol.  5,  p.  G73,  IE 
I'aHfostfitB  bar  dm  J  oKXt  AH  Ac  Copki.and,  Cliock  List,  Ifili,  lW(i. 

UABrrAT. — Basin  of  tho  Colorado.    Luko  Onzuiau. 

The  types  of  Caiostomwi  2>^eheiu9  are  not  to  be  fuuud,  aud  no  niNMsi 
mens  referable  to  the  species  are  in  the  Natioual  Muscain.    Tho  ty| 
of  PanioHtcuH  detphinm  aud  P.  bardus  I  have  been  unable  to  examia< 
The  scale-formula  atid  small  durHal  t\\\  of  C.plcheiu»  iudicato  that  it 
a  species  of  Pan fo«/e««.    Assumiug  that  it  is  so,  I  find  royM*lf  ituablo 
draw  from  the  printed  desoriptious  of  pkbeins,  defphinus^  and  barduM  an| 
sort  of  Rpecifio  chnraeters.     Until  such  ehnrrtclovH  are  shown,  tlie  buwU 
of  proof  Ires  with  iho  proposer  of  those  upetMcs,  utnl  I  shall  consider  tlifi 
83  identical  until  they  are  proved  to  be  distinct.    In  chanicter&  of  uioat 


PANTOSTEU8    PLEBEIU8. 


185 


ki^fttid  fonn  of  body,  Pantosttus  plebeiu^  seems  to  resemlilo  Catoitto' 
itm^ni$  and  C,  elarl-iiy  and  to  diverge  fiom  the  type  of  lUscohohiHy 
nnd  platyrhynchus.* 

Cope(i«  lU,)  diMieutH  ftom  the  identiBcation  above  made,  niaiutainiug 

\t.4t^fkhmn  nnd  P.  hurdvn  are  Ht  It-OHt  »peciticnlty  dUtinot  from  oaeli  otber,  wlutt- 

V«J  b«  tilt  relation  of  eitber  to  I'.  pUbrluB,    An  I  bavo  scm'r  nom:  of  Ibe  tUreo 

in  ijontlon,  I  Int  Ifafi  aIiova  Atniid  an  T  bad  wrll-teo  it,  Aod  qnote  tbu  original  de* 

of  ibe  lhre«  uoininul  npecieti: — 
[OMO  fLSbeit's  Ord.— "  Body  Bab-fuuform,  cocnprcaacd.    Hood  oIongBte,  sabcou- 
(ivmhig  the  fifth  of  tbo  entirv  leofrth.    Month  of  niedinm  aiee.     Kyes  large,  aab- 
tbatr  longitoUlnal  diameter  being  ooutaiD«d  aboat  live  tiaie»  iu  ibo  loogLb  uf 
bratL    Dunitl  da  atilHinadrangular,  \tH  anterior  margiti  living  t^qiiiUistant  b«- 
liK>  tip  nf  tbv  Ruont  nnd  the  first  iiidinH^ntnry   ruya  of  tbo  tipper  Inbc  uf  ibe 
Thr  latter  is   slightly  eoucave  jiosteriorly,  and  the  lobes  rounded  off.    Tbts 
«f  tiwe  anal  In  ooutalned  nearly  three  tinica  in  lt«  height,  and  when  brought  back* 
i  Ra  t^  OCUuhIm  t'O  tbv  mdirnentary  raj'sat  the  inferior  lobe  of  the  candul  tin.    Tbe 
•  &n  iBMTteil  under  the  i>a»>teriiir  ibini of  ibo dorsal ;  bent  baokwiirds,  tbeir  tip 
a«  far  aa  the   anns.    The  pectorals  ore  of  medium  development,  sab- 
itmt^  fotHeriatly  acute. 

*Tb«  aralMi  are  of  medium  size,  cvosiderably  largest  on  the  pednnclo  uf  tbe  tall. 
[T*cttt7-«Egbt  tu  thirty  rows  from  the  base  of  the  rentrals  to  tbe  dorsal  fin.    About 
la  tb«  hMand  Itnc,  which  Is  not  discomiMe  as  fiu-  back  aa  the  baae  of  tbe  caudal 


*Tb»  color  as  preaerved  iu  alcohol,  hi  dark  bro^n  on  the  upper  regions,  fuiutly  mot- 
fsh  patcbea.    The  sides  and  liclly  fxbihit  traces  of  orange  in  some  of 
|1tt  oUiers  it  is  [rnli*  yelluwitth.    Tbe  flns  are  unicolor;  tbe  dorsal,  caudal, 
•ad pveiarati,  hlacktHh  browu  ;  tbo  nnsls  and  ventmls  yellowish." — (GtnA»i>,/oA.  U,S, 

arf  Ma.  Btmmdofjf  8»rr. ,  p.  3^,  tigs.  l--t,  plate  xxii.) 

Uovomrs  l^U'ni?cpa  Cope. — "Tbu  stibcqnal  size  of  the  seaica  of  this  siHrctos  would 
niv  It  iiMliffcreutly  to  the  true  gnmp  CutostomuM  uf  Girard,  or  his  j;ruup  Miuomus, 
vtdeb  ha  did  not  distinguish  clearly.  Tbe  preceding  species  would  enter  bis  Acomas, 
vfatck  m^  b*>wev«t,  ooly  iMi  audcHuwl  group  of  species,  to  wbiob,  by  the  wny,  the  tyj^w 
afCatoatoann,  C.  teres,  belungs.  This  Hiiecies  is  especially  distinguished  fioui  those 
d«seril>ed  by  tbe  ahorteuing  of  tbe  cuudul  part  of  the  vertebral  column,  and 
■Msim'nt  poatcTior  position  of  tbe  dorsal  fin.  Add  to  this  a  shorty  wide  bead,  and 
Uvly,  att  !  lognoniy  is  fxpresaed. 

Thedmil  '  -  lurched,  ltii*beatl  flat  Ahi)ve, hut elerated  behind, and  uiooh  dH> 

Ml  tl»  II1ILBX1&    Tbo  mtuzle  la  wide  and  does  not  project  beyond  the  upper  lip, 
It-  i  trt  its  lower  face  and  bnars  fonr  rows  of  warts;  its  smooth  com- 

Kirow.    On  tbt'  biwerllpthe  tnberclee  advance  nearly  lo  the  com- 
{  Ibta  lip  la  devply  smarglimTe  ptmterinrly ;  the  eye  enters  tbe  length  of  the 
■^  '  'd  <tne-bnlf  limes  menstiring  Ibe  murzle,  and  twice  the  inter- 

aV,  .  ,      '  iir  and  twn.tliinlH  times  in  length  to  end  of  caiidal  hawd  scales, 

la  tWrty  longtludtoal  series,  betwuen  durnal  uud  ventral  Qoa ;  venlrals  remark- 


C^ltpiiu  Havtkssqcb,  JounitU  de  Pbyalque,  do  Cblmic  ot  d'UUtoiro  Natui 

IH10,p.  421. 
Bhj/tidootomN*  Hbckbl,  Fit»cho  Syrieas,  Russogger's  Roiaeu,  1842,  p.  10S3. 
Cal<Hil<mK«  et  Soi^roffHatl^H4  ip.  Auct. 

Type.  CjfcicpUit  mgre$eeni  RatiDi»que,=  ColostostM  eiotigatua  Le  Sueur. 
Etymulugy,  kvkXo^^  rouud ;  XrTrTdf,  small.     "  The  name  means  small,  roaud 

Head  very  umHll,  short  and  Blender,  itH  length  contained  G  to  7  til 
in  tbut  of  the  body,  its  upper  surface  ronndcd;  eye  quite  small,  nea 
median,  not  very  high  up^  its  lengMi  G  to  8  in  that  of  the  side  of 
head;  euborbital  bones  rather  small  and  quite  narrow;  lontauelle 
tirely  obliterated  by  the  union  of  the  pariet-al  bones. 

ilouth  small,  entirely  inferior,  overlap}>ed  by  the  projecting  fiD< 
tbo  upi>cr  iip  thick,  pendent,  covered  with  3  to  5  rows  of  tubercloa, 
cater  qnite  large,  the  inner  small ;  lower  lip  moderate,  formed  soi 


ably  short,  extending  little  more  then  halfway  to  ventiOriginatinfE  under  poit4 
third  of  doraaL    Pectorals  well  separated.    Istbmaa  wide.  ^ 

"Color  above  blookish,  with  a  strong  inferior  marginal  sliode  on  the  lower  port  ol 
sides,  and  tbo  lighter  tint  above;  a  brovn  spot  Just  above  axilla,  is  out  off  from  i] 
a  band  of  tbo  yellow  color  which  covers  tbe  belly  and  bead  below. 

**TLc  only  species  concemiug  wbioh  any  doubt  can  arise  in  ths  nomenolatare  of 
one  is  C.  bernardint  of  Girard.  Thai  writer  states  that  tbe  latter  posseeses  15  D. 
this,  wilb  tbe  uticriptiou  of  a  slender  form  und  utber  peculiarities,  will  always  a 
rate  tbem.  Three  npecice  iu  Professor  Hayden'o  oollectiuu  without  luralily 
•bottid  be  prulmbly  a  tributary  of  Oreen  Kiver/* — (Cofk,  Hajfien'$  iStot.  SmrWm  I 
1872,  p.  436.) 

MiNOMUti  QARDUs  Cope.— "  Ttus  species  is  distinguished  by  its  very  short  head, 
mnrked  coloration,  resembling  in  that  respect  the  C.  ffUMmaniaii/iM  of  Oitonl ;  with 
species,  it  bas,  however,  nothing  else  In  common. 

*'  Head  wide^  muKzlo  not  f rojecting  beyond  npper  lip ;  latter  not  pundent,  wltb 
row,smot>tb  comminsnreand  thrre  or  fonr  mw9rtrtiil>ercb'S.     lAiwerlipdtM^ply  IxttA 
lubercnlnr  to  near  inner  edge.      Kye  ri.25  times  in  length  uf  Iicad,   twicv  in  It 
orbital  width.    Head  Ave  times  tu  end  of  basal  caudal  scales.    Formstoul:  bodyoj 
dric  anteriorly.     Dorsal  Qu  nearer  cud  uf  muEzle  Uian  end  of  caudal  soalfik     Suoli 
body  subequul,  iu  thirty  loug:itndiua1  iu«b  betwevu  dorsul  anil  vcniiul  tius.  Utter 
inating  bc^ioatb  binder  border  of  dorsal,  not  quite  reaching  vent.    PecturnlH  w«ll 
rate;  isthmus  wide,  narrower  than  iu  J/.  detphinuM,    Color  blacklsb  alH>ve,  a  bt 
olivo  bnnd  from  upper  part  of  oiwrcular  border  aiont*  upper  bulf  uf  cuudat  pedoi 
and  a  brcwd  black  bond  below,  luuTitwing  to  a  lino  along  tbe  middle  of  tbe  pntai 
below,  yL'llowiKb,  a  hand  uf  tbe  eunie  t^nttlnf:  olT  n  bluckisb  area  abuva  tbe  aaiD 
in  tbe  last  iii>eaiea." — (Cupk,  Uatfdcn'*  Geol,  i>utr.  Ttrr.  ItSTi,  p.  A'SG.) 


GENUS   CYCLEPTU8. 


187 


vtetaatn  Oa(o#(omu«,  bat  less  fall,  iociscd  behind;  jaws  without  earti- 

la|;iaoin  sheath ;  mnciferous  Bystem  not  greatly  develoi>ed ;  of>orcntar 

ipptntos  Dot  greatly  developed,  the  0[)ercuUim  smooth  und  narrow. 

Irthmmi  moderate ;  gill-riilcers  moderately  long,  soft;  phuryngeul  bones 

\ttroagf  the  teeth  stout,  increasing  in  size  downwards,  rather  wide  apart. 

Bcdy  eloQgiit«,  moderately  compressed,  uot  much  elevated,  the  caudal 

limcle  long,  the  greatest  depth  contained  4  to  6  times  in  length. 

ScuImi  moderate,  about  equal  over  the  body,  not  closely  imbricated, 

wide  exposed  surfaces,  the  number  in  the  lateral  line  from  55  to 

aod  about  17  in  a  traoeversc  scries  from  dorsal  to  ventrals;  edges 

•fflcoled  Mcrrate;  lateral  line  well  developed,  nearly  straight. 

¥ia%  rather  largo ;  dorsal  fin  beginning  in  Iront  of  ventrals  and  ending 
ptt  before  anal,  of  about  30  rays,  strongly  falcate  in  front,  the  lirst  and 
iMDod  developed  rays  in  length  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  bi 
the  fln,  the  rays  rapidly  shortened  to  about  the  eighth,  the  length 
remaiDing  rays  being  nearly  uniform  and  cU  short;  caudal  fin  large, 
vtdely  forked,  the  lobes  about  equal ;  anal  tin  qnito  small,  low,  of  7  or 
(derdoped  ra58,  scaly  at  base;  ventrals  moderate,  \?ith  10  rays;  pec- 
Eocab  elongate,  aomewhat  falcate. 
Sexual  peculiarities  somewhat  marked;  the  males  in  spring  with  black 
^i^meot ;  the  bead  then  covered  with  small  tubercles. 
^B  Air-bladder  with  two  chatnbers,  the  autuiior  short,  the  posterior 

Bol  a  aioglo  species  of  this  singular  genus  is  as  yet  known.  It  ta 
tend  in  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and,  although  uot  a  rare 
kk,  \t  Is  by  uo  means  as  generally  abundant  as  are  many  others  of  its 
luaity. 

O^ntrio  ChuraoterieatiOHi, 
CrciamM  BafiMMitie,  1819.— "Cycleptu(t,(abaotniBal].    Diiftfrant  da  genro  Catofl- 


Dmix  nageoirai  dontales,  bouche  petite^  rondo,  au  bont  do  maseau;  l^vroa 
<BMliUrM.  FaoiUIb  Cyi'i'^^^'k '  ^-  »i{fre»om«,  noir^tre ;  voutro  blnnuliAtru,  lioucho 
WttBWilu  ;  iiuotic  fuurclj6o.  Parvioul  4  deux  pioUa  do  long;  tr^  bou  ii  monger,  rurv 
tet  rOblo  ci  le  Uifluan."— (EAViXE&qUK,  Joum,  de  Phy§,  etc  1810,  p.  421.) 

CTcxiLrrt'*  RAAniMquc,  tR!2u.— "  DiHtrtiOCo  from  Llio  furt^goiDg  genua  [CafoitMiMj— 
tVftdonHl  ftb«T  luouth  ruutid  and  lenuinal."— (Rafinks^uc,  loh.  Oh.  p.C] 

falTTtlMMTOMira  Ileekel,  LtMS.— "DonUn  peotioiformMCO-OO.    Pinna  dorsaUa 
•ftac^'  '  tcrlio  vcl  quarto  loogisHinio.    lu  rtjliquia  cuiu  gcui'rn  Cutotttonto  con- 

|raU  *.i,  >WAff  .Syrinid,  p,  ^3,  or  KunwgfT^w  Bciten,  p.  l(^23.— Spec  ion  referred  to 

^C«DiM,  CpprUitu  cttfottomyn  Forater  and  CatostomuB  elongatim  Le  Sueur.) 

(.Tuxrn-s  Agjamki,  H^'tS. — ".\h  in  many  otber  iiiHtaucee,  Rufin«Bqne  boa  nimed,  but 
Mtbvr  UvAfMil  iMif  cbaracloriaod  tbu  gtsDu«  to  wbiuU  1  uuw  citll  alt«>nttun.     riu  boa  not 


hitnsclf  oren  seen  the  fish  npon  whfob  tho  genus  is  founded,  ftnd  relbra  to  auotber 
geuus  a  species  which  cannut  be  Mparat^d  from  this.  Moreover,  the  chnracleristice  of 
the  K^ntie,  aa  f^iven  by  Rafmeftque,  are  not  true  to  natnre.  Yet,  notwith«tnndin>;  theae 
objcctiuiiA,  I  do  not  ftteX  at  lilnirty  tu  ri*Jt*ct  bis  generic  nanif,  siucc  it  ia  jioiteibte  to 
idoDlif^  the  fiiih  be  meant  by  tho  vemncular  name  uDder  which  it  is  knuwn  in  thfl 
Wc8t.  Tbt'Je  is  uDutbcr  reuuoQ  why  Rafiueequc'ti  dcacriptioD  of  onr  wiviti'rn  fUbeft 
ou^ht  to  be  carefully  eonsidored  nnd  erory  pooAible  effort  mmlo  to  identify  bis  ^nen» 
and  species,  tlio  fact  thnt  he  was  the  Urttt  to  iovestignte  the  flshes  of  thtt  Ohio  and  its 
tributaries  npon  a  large  scale,  »ud  ihtit  not  withstjiudiiij;  the  looseneas  wit-b  which  bo  per- 
formed the  tu«lt  and  the  lamentable  iaaccnracies  uf  bin  too  short  descriptioni*,  his  worka 
bear  almost  upon  every  paf>;o  the  imprint  of  his  keen  perception  of  the  natural  nflSnltJcs 
of  spceies,  and  tluiir  iutimfltts  relatione  to  one  another;  so  much  so,  rbatevrn  wbcro  ba 
has  failed  to  assign  bis  genera  any  churactera  by  wbioh  they  may  be  recogoisefl,  yi6ta 
when  the  apecies  upon  which  they  were  founded  can  be  identified,  we  osaally  6nd  thai 
there  uro  gpoA  reosoos  for  considerinjt  them  as  forniinf;  distinct  genera. 

"The  tronble  with  Kafinesr)ue  is,  that  he  too  often  introduoed  in  bis  woika  species 
which  be  bad  not  always  seen  himself,  »Dd  whieli  he*  referred  nhiMMl  at  rattdoni  aiiioug 
his  genera,  thus  dt-faclug  bis  well  eharacteriaed  groiipa,  or  that  hv  w(>nt  so  far  as  to 
fonnd  genera  u|>on  Apeoles  which  he  bod  never  seen,  overlooking  perhaps  that  he  bad 
already  described  snch  t,v|>ee  undirr  other  names. 

*'Tbe  genus  Cifdeplua  alTords  a  striking  example  of  all  these  mistakes  eonbioed 
together.  In  bla  remarkable  paper  npon  the  genua  Ca(o<faMu«.  Lesnenr  deseribea  aod 
ttgurea  one  apeoles  from  the  Ohio  River,  under  the  name  of  f\  rtongatus,  pocullar  for 
its  elongated  cylindrical  body,  and  f>ir  iti  long  dorsal  Uu  beginning  half  way  liatwtwo 
the  [leotorals  and  veDtrobt,  and  extending  as  far  bock  as  tbo  Insertion  of  the  anal. 
The  species  Rafinosquu  introduces  in  bis  snhgonus  /Jfror/jffu*  snnmg  the  gennine  Ca- 
twhnti,  without  ]>erceiving  that  it  belongs  to  bis  own  genus  CifrhplHf.  This  mistake 
arises  uuduubteuty  from  bta  belief  that  in  CychplHt  there  are  two  dorsals,  which  indued 
be  mtntions  as  characteristics  of  this  genus;  bnt  this  statement  is  erroneous:  tho 
rays  of  the  dorsal  are.  in  fact,  eneloaed  in  a  continuous  membrane,  the  anterior  rays 
only  being  much  longer  than  thoee  of  the  mitldiM  and  p«wlMrior  ])urtion  of  the  lin ;  oo- 
cnaiooally  thuee  long  rays  split,  and  aooidoDtally  M^paraN*  fmm  tb^  following  n 
when  they  seem  to  form  two  dorsals. 

"The  ehuracter  of  this  gentis,  so  far  as  tbedortial  i%  concerned. conaittts  in  n-ality  not 
iu  its  division,  but  in  its  great  extension  along  Ihu  hack,  and  the  olongulioQ  of  ita 
anterior  rays.  The  anal  is  very  long  iu  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  iisb,  and  insort«(1 
far  back,  so  that  the  length  of  the  ulKloniinal  cavity  ia  greater  than  In  the  gtinern  C^tr- 
piodUt  idttkyobuaf  and  liHltatuhlht/H,  with  which  Vt/drpUut  is  cloMly  allied  by  the  peou- 
Uar  form  of  its  donal.  Agoiu,  Rafiuesque  remarks  that  tbo  tnoulh  is  tonulual,  rouod 
and  small.  Thin  requiitis  al&o  to  be  qua)[tlc<l.  The  month  appt^nrs  terminal  aud  round 
only  when  tho  jaws  are  protrudetl  tn  their  ntmofii  extent;  when  cIommI.  It  \%  rather 
ero«oeDt-shM|ted  and  entirely  retracted  nnder  the  projectlug,  imlnlcd  snout ;  the  lips 
ar»  covered  with  uuuiltous  projecting  papiUm  and  spread  huHsuntall^, — ibeMc  air 
luoreover,  contlniuMis  srunnd  the  angln*  of  the  mouth,  ho  that  tlmupporand  kiwxrr 
lips  are  hardly  separul^Ml  by  a  hiiiuII  fold,  nnd  thi!  l^wcr  lip  is  slightly  «ntar|fiiMta  Ul 


{ 


CTCLEPTC8    ELONGATUa 


189 


'tigoal  bones  aro  stroog,  tbcir  anterior  surfncc  being  flatteucd  and  tbo 
IM illatiirtnr  b«in|;  the  Lrani(vera«  ooe,  na  in  IlultalkhtJtjfs,  and  not  laterally  ooni- 
itd  ami  tliin  mt  In  Car^Hodet  and  Ichtbtfoifut, 

rw  •jTDH*y«i>*  to  ebon  uud  ila  peduncle  flat  and  aqaare,set>urated  from  the  cnrvcd 
fejacleap  aomlciroalur  emarginaiion.  The  teeth  are  also  stronger  and  ntunter 
tea  Id  Otrfiodm  and  IcktkifotmM,  aa  ia  alao  the  oaso  in  liuhalkhthyii,  and  Cbey  are  grotV 
ml\s  iaencaalax  In  nue,  and  relative  tbickueHs  fruui  ihu  upper  part  u(  tbe  iircb  to  tlie 
ifVpbxaia,  but  tbey  are  much  fewer  and  farther  apart  than  iu  tliu  liittur  gcniM.  Tbeir 
olge  ia  tranaveren,  rather  blunt,  tboagh  the  niiddlo  rid^e  is  8<Mnt>wb]il;  projcct- 
;  tlie  Invrcr  tvctb  arc  so  «bai>cd  that  their  iun*;r  anglu  Is  bardl^'  higher  than  tbo 
vlkll*  in  (be  middle  iiud  npiwr  teeth  it  i^  gradually  more  projeoting,  and  from 
■iddki  of  tb«  arch  npwarda  fonna  a  prominent  point  atobetl  outwarda. 

lamoanaldcrably  longer  than  high,  with  a  rather  prominent  posterior  mar- 
radiating  furrows  upon  the  Anterior  and  (lotilerior  fielde^  aouio  acroea 
thabUral  Gelda;  tbe  cuiiceutrio  ridges  of  tbe  jioeterinr  field  are  not  only  broader  than 
ttae  of  tbe  other  liotdi*,  bnt  instead  of  niuning  parallel  to  tbe  margin  of  the  scalca 
I^Kj  an  curred  in  cooeentric  gotbic  arcboA  between  each  two  radiating  furrowa. 
ineoitona  tbia  geuna  uader  the  name  of  IlhtfiidO¥tt>mn$,  bnt  Rafioeaqae'a  name 
baa  the  priority.  FroiMrly  it  ooght  to  be  oaUed  Leptocyclut,  according  to  its 
Tijaoe  my  Nomenolator  Zt>olugieQs;  Index  UuiveTHalis,  p.  UJU,)  but  under  thii 
iavB  nobody  would  rvcuxulae  U  aa  Rafiuosquo'a  name.  I  aboil  therefore  uot  urge  (be 
fkM(v.'*— ( AOAtiSI/..  Am.  Joum.  Set.  ArUi.  lUbo,  p.  197.) 

CtcuuTva  Co£M^  <Sl  Jordan,  \i<77. — "  Body  much  elongated,  anbcyllndrical  forwurda : 
^aiail  aloo^te,  Ckloiform,  of  30  ur  more  raya ;  fontanelle  obliterated  by  the  union  of 
tW  pMielal  bunee;  moatb  email,  inferior,  with  papUloBo  lips.-' — (Jordax,  Proo.  Ac, 
i^&.PMAi,lSr7,p.8t.) 

AStALYMB  OP  APROIKB  OF  CTCLEmrS. 

'  b*^  4  to  5  in  l«Dgth  :  bead  6  to  6^ :  eye  small,  6  to  7  in  length  of  bead :  loDf 

ray^alKtlo  longer  than  head:  pectorals  rather  longer  than  bead:  doriml 

nya  W ;  aoal  7  or  ^ :  scales  9-ri6-7  :  coloration  very  dark,  the  mulca  almost  black ; 

lar|a;  tongth  of  nduU  U  to  3^  feet kia>xoatcs, 42. 


43.  OYOLBPTUS  ELONGATUS  {Le  Sueur)  Aga$€iz, 

tOiuk  Bont-    Qokrd-aeed  Sneker.    Missouri  Sucker.    Suekenl. 

tSn— GallMllaaiM  tU^agatiu  Lk  BrKDB,  Jonra.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Philo.  103. 
ttomgatkt»  RjhrmKM)CK, leh.Oh.  (U),  1^20. 
iktt»ttmu»  rhmjatiu  KlitTLAVD,  Rept.  Zool.  Ohio,  1G8, 183ti. 
Citattamat  ehnifutiu  DKKAV.New  York  I'anna.part  lr,Fiabe8,S03, 184S. 

iM  thn^atua  CcviKit  A.  Valekcibnnks,  nist.  Kat^  dea  Polas.  xtII,  455, 
IM4. 

iiH  fhmfiatMM  KiRTL&XD.  Boston  Joura.  Nat.  Ulal.  v,  SG7, 1845. 
(k>arl0mi00  rlnitgatua  STmiKli.  S>n  pisi».423,  IH4G. 

Qufcytoi  tUtng^tnn  AoAa4t7,  Am.  Joiirn.  So.  ArK'^'l  scriei,  xix.  197, 18^. 
»M  r/oitjrcUM«  OCKTiibic,  Cut,  Kishue  DriL  Mns.  vii.23,  ldC8. 


I 


100    C03JTRrBOTION8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHTOLOOT — ^HT. 

CyeJ^tut  clongatM  Jordan,  FUhoe  of  lad.  822, 1875. 

Cjftltptw  eiomffatM  Joiujjln.  Ball.  Boffiilo  Soc,  Nat.  Hist.  05, 1876.    (Name  only.) 
CyctepUt  etongatHn  Joiioan,  Man.  Vert.  3^  1870. 
Cyet€ptH9  dongatut  Nelson,  Bull.  No.  1,  Ills.  Mqb.  Nat  Hist. 60. 1876. 
Cycfepdu  elongatuti  Jordan  lV  Coprland,  Check  List,  158. 1876.    (Namv  ooly.) 
Cjfoleptuti  eJontfatu/iJonr>AS  ^  Qilbkrt,  in  KlippartV  RepL  53, 1876.    (Name  oxUj-r 
CyrieptttA  ehn^atm  Jordax,  Botl.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mas.  ix,  38, 1877. 
Cycleptut  tl<mgatuji  JORDAN,  Mao.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  1878. 
1816— CjrcfrpfM  nigreaceiu  RAFrmuQOE,  Jonrnal  de  Phynique,  4S1. 
Cpcleplui  nigrtvceiu  Rafxnesqub,  leb.  Ob.  61, 1800. 

Habitat. — lliwiasippi  Valleyi  in  all  tho  larj;er  streaoiB. 

This  species  is  fonnd  in  some  abundanco  in  the  larger  streams.  Al 
the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  it  is  taken  in  nets,  and  meets  a  ready  sale.  It 
however,  moch  less  abnndant  than  the  Bnffalo  fishes  are.  From  th 
general  use  of  the  name  *'  Missoari  Sucker  ^  its  abundance  in  the  State 
of  Missoari  may  bo  inferred;  but,  as  to  the  facts  in  the  case,  I  am  not 
informed.  This  fish  is  as  shari)ly  distinguished  from  the  other  Suckers  in 
its  appearance  as  in  its  auaiomy.  The  dusky  colors  and  the  amall  use 
of  the  head  attract  attention  at  once. 

But  oue  s^iecies  is  yet  knoirn.  That  being  the  case,  the  synonymy  of 
the  8i>ecieB  needs  uo  discussion,  its  oldest  name  being  the  one  in  com- 
mon ose. 

Speciment  fit  UhU^  Statct  National  JfM<rHm. 


:< 


N  amber. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

107 

8673 

1079O 

Clnclonatl  Ohio                   .                  ..   

J.  W.  MUn«r. 

12278 

do 

Do. 

Genus  CARPIODES  Rqfinesque. 

"CttrpMeii  RAFiKSsqcB,  lob.  Oh.  56, 1830.   (As  sabgenoa  of  CalOfUmta.) 
SeUrpffnatkua  Valenciennrb,  HtaU  Nat  dea  PoisaoDS,  xvii,  479, 1844. 

Type,  Co/oiteMWf  oj/primu  Le  Sneur. 

Etymology,  Latin  carpia,  a  oarp ;  i,  9^  earp4ika. 

Uoad  comparatively  short  and  deep,  sometimes  conic,  somct 
bhiut,  its  length  ranging  from  3j  to  6  in  that  of  the  body,  its  ii] 
surface  always  rounded  ;  eye  moderate,  median  or  anterior  in  )H>.'».ltintj 
suborbital  bonoa  well  developed,  their  depth  moro  than  half  that 


0ENU8   CAHPI0DE8.  191 

ly  |>orlion  of  the  cheek  below;  fontanelle  always  preBent,  well 

3(otith  always  stnall,  horizontal  ami  inferior,  the  mandible  less  than 

tbinl  the  lent^th  of  the  head,  the  lips  thiu,  the  apper  protractile, 

iHiToir,  the  lower  qaito  narrow,  /y-shaped,  or  rather  p-sbaped,  behind; 

bo«b  HpA  feebly  plicate  or  nearly  smooth,  the  plicm  often  more  or  less 

brekto    up;  jaws  without  cartilaginous  sheath;     ninciferous    system 

Moderstely  developed;   operonlar  apparatus  well  developed,  the  sub- 

operde  broad,  the  operculnm  in  the  adult  more  or  less  rugose ;  isthnms 

moderate ;  pharyngeal  bones  remarkably  thin  and  laterally  compressed, 

vWbashallowfurrowalongtheanteriormarginoD  the  inside,and  another 

oentrul  one  on  the  outline  of  the  enlarged  surfaces;  teeth  very 

1,  compressed,  nearly  equally  thin  along  the  whole  inner  edge  of 

the  bone,  forming  a  flue  comb-like  crest  of  minnte  serratnres;  their 

aotttng  edge  riaes  above  the  inner  margin  into  a  prominent  point. 

Ofllnken  of  anterior  arch  slender  and  stiff  above,  becoming  reduced 

doirowiinl*. 

Body  ovate  or  oblong,  the  dorsal  outline  more  or  less  arched,  the 
Tcotral  outline  more  nearly  straight,  the  depth  from  half  to  one-third 
^6  Ifogtb,  the  sides  compressed ;  the  back  notably  so,  forming  a  sort  of 
carina ;  caudal  peduncle  short  and  deep ;  scales  large,  about  equal  over 
tb^  iKkdy,  their  posterior  margins  slightly  serrate;  lateral  line  well 
developed,  nearly  straight,  with  84  to  41  scales,  12  to  15  scales  in  a 
croea^row  fVom  dorsal  to  ventrals ;  dorsal  fin  beginniug  near  the  middle 
of  the  body,  somewhat  in  advance  of  ventrals,  falcate,  its  anterior  rays 
Ttry  much  elevated  and  usually  Ulnmentoas,  their  height  ranging  from 
to  1)  tlie  length  of  the  base  of  the  On,  the  number  of  developed  rays 
tgiog  from  23  to  30;  caudal  fin  well  forked,  the  lobes  equal ;  anal  fin 
itively  long  and  low,  emnrginate  (in  malesf),  its  number  of 
dwdoped  rays  osnally  8;  ventrals  shortish,  with  usually  10  rays;  i>ec- 
tormli  short. 
Sexual  peculiarities  little  marked ;  in  some  species,  at  least,  the  males 
•pring  have  the  snout  minutely  tuberculate. 

OolocatioD  always  plain;   pale  olivaoeoua  above,  white  below,  but 
laidly  dlveryi  tiio  fins  all  partaking  of  the  color  of  the  region  to  which 
'\ke$  belong. 

AlrUadder  with  two  chambers. 

Blxe  medlnm  or  rather  large. 

Thb  gffius  was  first  recognized  ond  defined  by  Professor  Agassiz  in 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NOKTH  AMERICAN  IdTTHYOLOGT — ^IIL 


1855.  Since  then  it  baa  been  generally  received  by  authors  auder  tbi 
uuiiie  uaine  aud  with  the  same  limits.  It  waa  first  briefly  outlined  bj 
KiiUueHcjue  iu  1820  under  the  uamo  of  CarpiodeSf  then  afterwards  b] 
Valenciennes  defined  uiofe  fully  uudertbe  name  of  Schroynathun.  Bot 
Carpiodea  and  SclerognaihiiH  haviug  the  snmetypic;d  species  {Catoa.t4>m\ 
cifpriuun  Le  Suuur),  the  older  aud  preferable  name,  Carpiode^j  is  the  ou| 
tu  bu  adopted. 

The  rouoguition  of  species  in  this  genns  is  a  matter  of  cxtromo 
calty,  from  their  grout  resemblance  to  each  other  in  color,  size,  foi 
and  general  appearance.    Our  knowledge  of  the  Hpecies  thus  far  hi 
been  almost  entirely  due  to  the  labors  of  Professor  Cope  (A  Partial  Sj 
or»si8  of  the  Fishes  of  ^orth  Carolina  "^  Proc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  Phil 
]S70).    I  have  myself  examined  siK'cimens  agreeing  with  each  of  Pj 
fesBor  Cope'S  descriptions,  aud,  with  two  exception  {Carpiodet  Mdene 
Varpiodejt  grayi)^  I  am  disposed  to  admit  all  his  species.    It  is  true,  hoi 
over,  tl»at  iu  every  large  collection  of  Carpiodcs  there  are  specimei 
disagreeing  more  or  less  from  the  typical  forms  of  each  species,  aiu 
which  should,  in  cousistenoy,  be  de&cribeil  as  distinct  species,  or 
the  species  which  they  appear  to  connect  should  be  united.    I  have  d< 
however,  examiucd  a  sufficiently  full  series  of  Carpiodcs  to  bo  pi 
pared  to  accept  either  of  these  alternatives,     i  have,  therefore,  takei 
Professor  Copers  analysis  of  the  species,  aud  added  to  it  SDch  addi* 
tional  feutares  as  1  have  been  able  to  observe,  and  1  give  the  whole 
onr  best  Ivuowledge  at  present  on  the  subject,  leaving  for  future  Btadj 
the  consideration  of  the  degree  of  relationship  existing  between  ei/prinus^ 
veli/er,  and  thompsonu    The  other  four  species,  mrpiOf  bi&on,  cutinat 
rinujij  and  difformin^  seem  to  be  manifestly  distiuct,  unless  difformU 
a  monstrous  form  of  outisanHcrinus. 

S|>ectes  of  this  genus  are  fonnd  iu  all  the  fresh  waters  of  the  tJait 
Slates  east  of  the  ItocUy  Mountains.    They  seldom  ascend  the  smal 
streams,  ntid  are  lakiMi  by  means  of  nuts  Irom  the  larger  rivers  ai 
lakes.    From  their  resomUlauce  in  fonn  to  the  European  Carp  {C}ipri\ 
carj)fo),  they  are  popnlarly  known  as  '^Carp^.    This  resemblance  baa 

iggestetl  the  name  of  tlie  genus  and  of  two  of  its  species.    As  food< 
fishes  thoy  are  rather  indillercnt,  the  Uesh  being  rather  coarse  and  tlavoi 
lesH  and  full  of  suiall  bones.     Thegeugraphical  distribution  ut  thesp 
huH  been  little  F,tudicd.     C,  cyprinn$  is  the  common  species  east  of  till 
Alleghanies,  and,  if  "0.  damalU^  and  *^C.  tumiduii'"  l>e  tbo  same, 
tho  Upper  Missouri  region  aud  tbo  Hio  Grande  also.    0*  Utomp^ni  is  Uii 


0ENIT8    CARPIODES. 


193 


Giirp  of  the  Great  Lakes.  C.  earpio  ia  the  mast  abundant  Rpe- 
io  th©  Ohio  Kiver,  where  C.  ttelifer  and  C  cutmntfmnuA  also  occar 
to  naipcoae  nntnbers. 
1  Am  eonv'mced  that  neither  the  number  of  scales  nor  the  namber  of 
II  ra^8  can  be  relied  on  to  diRtin^ish  speciea  in  this  geniiH,  the  entire 
imogn  of  vi&riatiou  being  probably  found  in  every  species.  The  hei^'ht 
of  tb«  anterior  rays  of  the  dorsal,  ulthouf^h  subject  to  considerable  vjiriu- 
tinn  with  a^e  and  wear,  seems  to  be  snfflciontly  constant  tx)  divide  the 
Ipeciea  into  two  groups. 

Oentric  Charaetaieaiion», 

CAMriMyttwt   BAfiDuqne,  1820. — "  Body  oblong,  aoaie\rbftt  compressed ;   head  cotn- 
l,  dItmi  ftbdominni  rays,  dorul  fia  commonly  elongate,  tail  ei]^ua]Iy  forked." — 
jiS^CK,  Ivk.  Oh.  p.  Titi.) 
•cuOKioXATncfl  Scorer,  1346.— "Snout  slightly  advanced  beyonnd  the  uoutb;  tbo 
Uy  oCtht  tiinntb  la  oupported,  afi  ia  tbo  Catoiiomit  hy  tbe  intenDaxillary,  wbich 
famlabrU  in  fruot  witb  »  well  d<.>vcloped,  projecting,  carttlugiDuiiB  ethmoid.    The 
^bt  branch  hi  long,  and  of  a  styloid  form,  while  tbo  borizootal  iB  shortened,  and  is 
rt»  IumJ,  the  inferior  edge  of  which  serres  merely  to  snpport  tho  BDperior  angle  of 
OMMtlk.    The  remainder  of  tbo  maxillary  arch  Is  formud  by  a  Obroua  lignmrot  rnv- 
meA  Ify  a  Uitu,  itndilated  lip,  rednced  to  a  thin  and  flesliy  protaberaooe.    The  np|»er 
^«r  li  *>     very  nulld  buny  pircc,  under  which  the  tipper  lip  it)  partly  druwu  ;  this 

We»  •  >i 'd  hy  tbo  tint  two  Biiborbitulm,  being  wider  iiiid  no  Ions  ndvaiiecd  than 

ikM*  itT  tb*  Caioftpmi.    Aa  to  it«  Ifpn,  it  is  a  L«uei9c»0;  bnt  tbe  osteology  of  its  mouth 
iwiihlna  tli*t  of  the  Cato$tomi.    Tho  doraal  is  long,  like  that  of  tbe  Carps.    The  bt^d 
k44,  maikod  by  Hoes  of  macoun  pores.    Pharj'ngeal  teeth  coaitniike,  tiner  uud 
•«|cuU  th40  thnno  of  the  Catontomi.    Tbe  uir-bluddur  is  divided  into  two  largo 
;  lb«  ttKit«rlur  )m  Urge  ami  nxinded,  with  n  slight  depretwiou  at  itji  superior  face; 
ll«  wteood  ocmical,  twice  a«  lung  an  the  fimt  and  Ibllowcd  hy  two  nnmll  lobeft ;  the  new- 
otonK'tttea  with  (he  (I'^tophagns  by  an  »ir-pip«."— (StOitKU,  ifna.  Jw.  Jt*.  JrJ« 
1^6,  p.  A'I7  ;  fssentiully  a  irojislatioa  from  Vuleucietiues'a  account.} 
CAttnfK>B»  Aguiiix«  IKUV. — "Tbe  hotly  la  vory  high  iind  strongly  comprcBsed,  tbe 
rul(«aa  the  hack  fonnlug  the  outline  iu  front  of  thodonul  la  vvry  much  arehcdT 
ly  oontinnoua  downwards  with  the  rather  (ttecppiofilo  of  Ihc  bcml. 
TW  luk*d  t4  tboitf  its  height  and  length  diA'er  Imt  little.    The  suotit  is  hhort  and 
Tim  SfDHtl   month   in  entirely  inrt'rior,  and  DnrnintMlfd  by  nnrnnv  thin  li)Mir 
qr  lew  Iranevcniely  folded.     The  lower  jaw  is  short  luid  bnmd.    The 
tfoae*  ofCarplodia  are  remarkably  thin,  comprensed  laterally,  with  a  shal- 
]>ti  aut4*-rlor  margin  on  the  tiitlu,  uiiil  another  nion?  central  f>ne  on  the 
.  •!  Hnttaei^;  the  loeth  aro  very  iimttll,cumpre(UM:d,iMpmUy  I  bin  along 
iaoar  odgo  of  the  boue,  forming  a  Sou  coiub-like  crest  of  ininnte  serratarea ; 
ri-ms  above  the  inoor  margin  into  a  proniinent  iKjint. 
>^  of  tbi)  long  dorwl  in  niender,  its  third  and  fourth  ruyit  Ixung  juo- 
;hv  ^«Uowlug  uDos  lulo  long  tllfuaonta.    The  lower  ftoa  ore  all  pointed, 
BHij    S.  M.  Xa    13—13 


fe 


194     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHTOLOGY III. 

rather  fitnall.  aud  botico  different  from  ono  aootUer.    Tho  Tonfral  ridge  of  tbe  ImmIjt  1« 
flat.     Tho  Bcalea  haro  many  narrow,  nwltating  furrows  npon  the  antf  rior  fit^hl,  «nd  uro 
luoro  (li.'op)y  Diarkod,  id  n  sCrai^fbt  liue,  across  the  laterul  fields,  or  Itmitiug  the  latei 
aod  |H>aterior  tlutdfl,  hardly  any  npon  tho  anterior  fiehl,  th«  w&vIok  of  the  brood* 
coDceutric  ridges  producing  only  a  radiated  appearance  upon  that  iield.    Ttibv  of  tt 
lateral  hue  Ntrnight  and  aimple,  arising  in  advance  of  the  centro  of  radiation,  which 
seated  iti  tho  centre  of  fonu  of  the  scales."— (AOAiisi/,  Am,  Jaunt,  So.  Art»^  I8S.1,  p.  1] 

CAiti'[or>RS  GUnther,  18r»a — "  IJislingaisbed  from  Stlrrognatkuti  (i.  e.  liuiMlirklhsa 
Ichtht/ohH»)  by  it^  very  thin,  ofiinprossod  pbaryiigeul  Ixinus,  which  are  armed  with 
comh-lilce  eerios  of  nearly  equally  miuat«  comprpssed  t«etb." — (QCNTTtBR,  VaU 
J3W/.  J/h»,  vii.  p.d4.) 

OARnonEs  Cope  &.  .lordao,  1877. — "  Body  oblong  oval,  compresseil ;  donul  elonj 
elevated  in  front,  of  20  or  more  rays;  fontanelle  pr««ent;  pharyngeal  bnneit  narrowj 
with  the  teeth  relatively  thin  ood  weak;  month  small,  inferior,  prrttroctilo  dnvi 
wards.'* — (Jordan,  Proo.  Ac,  Xat,  Se.  I'hila,  1877,  p.  ^C2.) 

A17ALY8IS  OP  STECIMS  OF  CAnPIODRS. 

^^DortMil  fin  with  the  anterior  rays  very  much  elevated  and  atteuuatod,  eqnalting 
more  usnally  exot^odlng  the  length  of  the  boMo  of  tho  fin. 
tMniixle  very  uhrnplly  ubtntio,  almost  verticilly  trnncato  iu  front. 

0.  Muzzle  exceedingly  blnut,  so  that  the  nnterior  edge  of  the  mnnd(h|p  is  in  Ui 
with  the  anterior  rim  of  the  orbit,  and  the  maxillary  reaches  to  the  anlcrj< 
edge  of  the  papil :  anterior  suborbital  deeper  than  long:  head  4^  in  leoj 
©ye  qnite  large, n J  to  4  in  head  :  bi»dy  arched,  the  depth  somrwhat  h-w 
half  the  length  :  first  ray  of  dorsal  nc-arcr  miisExlc  than  ba^c>  of  caui 
scales  G-Sfi-I :  D.  24.  A.  6,  V.  9 mn-'ORMis, 

ao.  Muzzle  notably  blnot,  bof  less  so  than  in  the  preceding :  anterior  wlge  of 

mandible  in  advance  of  the  orbit,  and  the  maxillary  Just  reaHiing  the  lit 
of  the  lower  rim  of  the  orbit :  antvrior  suborbital  boco  deeper  than  I01 
(longer  than  deep,  "w/ci**"):  head  4  times  in  length:  eye  sraallish,  4) 
hMul:  bmly  arched,  the  depth  at»ont  2j  in  length:  snterior  raysuf  d<n 
about  midway  tietweeu  euont  and  base  of  caudul:  scales  7-.1T-& ;  D.  ^ 

8,  V.  10 rrxiJiASSKiUNCR, 

tt  Muzzle  conic,  projecting,  obtusely  ]Kiinttid  :  end  of  the  msudible  renchitig  to  tip| 
site  nostrils:  anterior  suborbital  a<i  deep  as  long:  head  H{  in  length 
moderate,  4  tu  4^  in  length  of  head:  body  arched  ab  >ve,  the  depth  2i  to 
in  length  :  tirat  ray  of  dorsal  nvan-r  muzzle  than  base  of  caudal:  soalosT- 

37-6:  U.«Ior27  ("?2",  Cope) VCLirm, 

Dorsal  tin   with  the  anterior  rays  niore  or  less  shorttfrneU,  their  length  Dne<bnli 
two-thirds  tlut  of  the  base  of  Iho  fin  :  muzzle  more  or  \pm  conic  and 
Jeclii]g. 
h.  Head  long, contained  almnt  3|  liuie«  In  length  to  bssc of  candol :  iunitt!ii  «1( 
gat4}-U(>nio,  so  that  Uio  eye  is  nearly  median,  the  middle  of  lii«  lenglJi  nf  tl 
henil  fatting  In  fnmtof  its  posterior  margin  :  bo^ly  not  r' 
3  in  length  :  anterior  rays  of  doPMil  pretty  high,  not  m<i 
base  of  the  fin,  not  IhlokeDed  al  base:  Up«  well  devaloped:  «yo  larce,  4^ 
bead:  ooaloaT-i'         - ,  7    --      ,  lu^Kur, 


CAHPI0DE8   COTI8AN8ERINU8 


VJ5 


intermediate,  Its  length  oontatned  abont  A  times  <3f  to  4i)  In  tbiU;  of 
bodj  t  anterior  rnys  of  iloraal  not  thiuk(«nml  at  batto. 
A.  Body  Atout,  abort,  thr  bock  muoh  arolied,  tiie  depth  3^  in  length :  head  4  to 
II  lo  Wtigtb,  thu  uiUicy.lH  moderately  iH>iut<>d:  donwl  mye  considerAbly  ole- 
TMtcii,  two-thinlti  TU*  toDg:  M  bane  of  fin  :  cyo  Hniall,  ^  in  bund :  tip  of  lower 
jiir  luueli  in  adrnnce  of  nootrils;  inasiltnry  renohiDg  line  of  orbit:  anterior 
HaboddtAl  Urgci,  doep,  roandiab:  orif^n  of  dorsal  about  midway  of  body: 
acalm  ntLor  closely  imbricated,  B-39  to  41-G:  D.  S7,  A.  7,  V.  10. 

THOMPSOSI,  47. 

c  Boily  e]nogAt4*,  not  mncli  plevnted,  the  depth  2|  in  length :  bead  :tf  to  4, 
Ibn  mutzio  pnjniiof^ut  but  rnther  blnnti^b:  front  Bcnrcely  concave  aliove 
C|eav  the  protile  foruing  a  soiuewhut  uniform  curvo:  eye  siiinll.  nearly  G  iu 
Iwad:  Mit«rior  mys  of  dorsal  moderately  clorntod,  nearly  tbree-fonrlha  the 
lra|>th  of  tbrt  fin,  th«  fir»*t  ray  nrarly  midway  between  suont  and  bnaeof 
r»«<loI :  ftc»Iwi(V;l7-5:  D.  24  to  27,  A.  S,  V.  10 cVPRixrfl^  48. 

.  lirad  compamtivnly  abort,  itH  ItMigtb  contained  4^  to  5  llmeH  in  the  lenj^lli 
of  thn  iKxIy :  body  more  fuetform  limn  in  tfao  otbcra,  eompreaHed,  bnl  not 
much  arcbcKl,  the  «U'[ilh  2)  to  H  tinieti  in  tbt*  li^n^th:  anterior  rayn  of  doraal 
abttrt,  iiotubly  tbiokcDed  nnd  newuns  at  bn^e,  tb)*  first  ray  uean^r  tlie  end  of 
Ibe  mozicle  than  the  base  of  tbo  candal  tin  :  eye  small,  anterior,  4|  in  bead: 
nnxzli!  abort,  bnt  projecting  much  beyond  mouth  :  size  largest  of  the  genua. 

CARPIO,  49. 

43.  CARPIODES  DIFFORMIS  Cope, 

Dtf armed  Carp  JSucktr. 

dtgbrmiM  Cope:,  Proo.  Am.  Pbilos.  Soc.  Pbilo.  490. 

CarpMU*  diffurmtM  Jont>A.N,  Man.  Vnrt.  S*J7, 187<>. 

CarpMf  difftirwkU  .Iohdan  &  Oopki^nd,  Check  List,  158,  1976. 

ClBQirfotfr*  tV>ff»rmU  Jorhan,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Si\  Pbila.  72,  li?77. 

CkppfiMlsa  diffitrmU  JORDAN  Jt  GILBERT,  Id  Kllppart's  First  Report  Ohio  Fish 
h        Oamniiaaian,  M,  pi.  xiii,  f.  '21,  Id!?. 
H    OvpMw  diffam\»  JtuLDAN,  Dull.  C  8.  Nat.  Mna.  0,50, 1877. 
H      Cixryiodra  diffonnis  JoRDA>-.  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  'J2l,  IffTf^, 

^BiairaT. 

^fete  oil 


raT« — (Milo  V«lley;  !«•«  oouimon  tlrnn  the  other  species. 


only  Rpccimeu  which  I  have  seen  of  this  specieH  was  from  the 
Kiver,  nx  which  stream  Professor  Cope's  ori^unl  types  were 
So  S|>eci(ueu8  artf  in  the  United  States  Kationul  Musimzu, 
vfaiob,  im)ef»d,  at  pret^nt  coot-ains  very  few  of  the  Carp  Suckers  or 
BiiAalo>IUIi. 

44.  CARPIODES  OUTISANBEUINUS  Cope. 
Loug-Jiiinfd  Carp  Sucker,    QHltHiock. 


-Cii]iio4«  mtimmuriwuB  Copk,  Proo.  Am.  Pbilus.  Soc.  Phil*.  481. 
CmpitMm  mOmnHriiiif  Jordak  &  Cupclaxd,  Check  Lisl^  158, 1876. 


^             196     OONTKIBimONS  TO  NOBTB  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY III. 

^^^^           Carphdex  cutUanminua  Jukdan.  Bnll.  V.  8.  Nat.  Man.  9,  HO,  1077. 
^^^^H          Car^node*  cuti*aiiMriuHM  JonuAN  Ac  GluiKttr,  tu  Kliiiitiirt'H  Rept.  53, 1976. 
^^^^H         Carpiodt*  eutuOHMritiut  Joupax,  Mati.  Vurt,  ed.  'iU,  :t2l,  U^e. 
■             1H70— CVirptodflt  mJ<ii«  Cofb.  Proc.  Aid.  PtiiloH.  S(m\  Plif  la.  481. 
^^K                  Carpiodett  gctnte  Jokuan  &  Cot'KLANi*.  Check  List.  158,  1^76, 
^^^^^         Carpiodct  nelcnc  Jokdan  &  Gwnrjvr,  iu  Klipp.trt'e  Kept-  &3, 1876. 
^^^^B         CorTfftKftv  B^tHt  JORDAK,  HftD.  VfliTt.  ed.  3d,  321, 1478. 
^^^\mi\—IdithgobMa  dij^rmis  Nelson,  Bull.  No.  1,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mob.  49. 

^^^          nAniTAT.— MiuiBBippi  Valley;  gencnill;  abandant. 

TlnH  8i>eoie8  is  closely  related  to  C.  rf?»/cr,  but  differs  in  the  abnt 
truncate  snoat,  that  of  velifer  being  conic.     I  am  unable  to  recog 
C.  seiene  as  a  distinct  species  at  present,  the  form  of  the  anterior  1 
orbital  being  the  only  distinguisbing  feature  of  muob  importuncetj 
that  probably  not  a  couHtuut  one.     C.  cutisannerinHa  is  as  abutidanj 
tbo  Ohio  as  C.  velifer^  and  I  have  seen  many  specimens  iVom  the  III! 
Hiver, 
^^H                                            dptcAmrM  In  VniUd  Slain  National  Mtunmm, 

^^H         Nnmber. 

I^fwulity. 

CultMl 

^^               y0033 

Caraberliind  River - - --. 

A.WlB( 

Do. 

do 

^^^               45.  OAKPiODES  VBLTFEK  [Rafinesqite]  Aga$»U 

^^^^m           CarpStuicer.    Skimback.    Qaillback.    Sailor.    SaUing  8*uixr.    SptarJUh. 

■              1620— f  f  CatoJrfcmv^  an\»opterua  BafixksqdEj  lob.  Ob.  45,    (Deacriptlon  at  MOOod 

1                            aud  nureoognixable.) 

t              IrtW— (  atoaUmMM  pelifer  XUFCncSQiTB,  fob.  Oh. .% 

^^H                 Cato$tQmM  ttU/rr  KiRTUiXD,  Rep.  Zool.  Ohio,  166, 1838. 

^^^^B          CarpMM  nlifrr  Aoassiz,  Aiu.  Jouni.  8c.  Arts,  3d  K*r{ei,  xix.  191, 18S5.    h 

^^^^V         CarjiodtB  velifer  Copr,  Ptvw.  Am.  Philoa.  Soc.  Fhita.  4r«2,  1670.                  ^^ 

^^^^B         Carpiodtm  veltfer  JotmAX.  FUb«  of  lud.  3^i.  1^75. 

^^^^K         C^rpiodm  veliftT  JonoAX,  HnIL  Buffalo  Boc.  Nat.  Hint.  95, 1876. 

^^^^^^         CariModM  wlifwr  Joudan,  Man.  VurU  397, 1870, 

^^^^H          Carpioda  tvl^'rr  Jokdan  &  Coi>f>luti(l,  Check  Lint,  1.58,  lH7a 

^^^^B          Ic>Uhy}hua  i^ii/er  Nklhon,  Bull.  No.  1,  IIU.  Mus.  Nat.  Utsl.  49,  1870^ 

^^^^H          Carpiodet  wlifer  JoHi^AN  &  QiuieitT,  la  Kllpparl'i  Fint  Saport  Otito 

^^^^H            ComniMloD.  ^,  I'^TT. 

^^^^B         f^rpfodM  teOfv  Juiwan,  Biill.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miia.  ix,34, 1677. 

^^^H         CarpfodM  veliTcr  JonuAN,  Mui.  Vort  ed.  dd*  341,  I67& 

H                                                  CARPIODES    BISON.                     ^^H         197        ■ 
^HlM— AAnfttcttMi  eypi'iwiK  KtRTLAND,  Boat.  Joarn.  Nat.  Hist.  rol.  t«  275.    (la  purl;         H 

^H  BABnATv—DTaiieni  fttrvAma  lutd   lakoa  (Caynga  Lnko,  Now  York,  lo  Miuiiwippl  ^^H 

^M  Tbis  species  is  quite  Hbundaiit  hi  the  Ohio  River,  auU  I  bavo  seea       H 
^hMfawM  not  evidently  UiHtingniHlmble,  from  Lake  Erie  and  from  other       1 
^Bstfin  tributary  U>  tbe  Great  Lakea.    ludiscriuiiuattily  with  C.  c»<tV       1 
^BMrMiM,  R  tt»  known  to  tbe  fishermeu  j\s  Quillback,  Skimback,  etc.,       ■ 
^^  lower-tinned  «pecic4   being  called    rather  ''Carp".    Mo8t  of  the       1 
^ftsooyiuy  aboro  quoU5d  includes  several  species,  the  true  veVfer  being       ■ 
^Bm  <                shed  by  Troresaor  Cope.     UalinetMjue's  anittoptcrits  I  bring       B 
^■Co  ;..i       .^uiiymy  ot  this  species,  simply  to  refer  to  it  somewhere.    It       H 
^B  ranlly  nnidentitiabte.     Kirtland's  Hderognaihttx  cy/irinutt  refers  most  to       H 
Hto  species,  bat  bis  figure  represents  no  known  ash.    Tbe  head  is  too       H 
^haD,  uad  the  form,  etc^  incorrect.                                                               ^^H 

^m                                  Specivum  in  Unitad  SfaUa  XaiUmal  Mattum,                                      ^^H 

^HNmlwr.                                         Locality. 

CoUcDtor.                H 

^^V     ttrr?  '  Oirnipi  I^ktiNr^  Vnrlr 

1 

^1  Ibcte  ftro  iil«o  several  other  specimens  in  the  collection,  but  without  ^^| 
H                            40.  CAIiPIODES  BISON  Agams,                               ^H 

^H                                                      Lonii-hradt4  Corp  Swker.                                                        ^^^M 

^H  ^M"-CtryioJi»  M*on  Agamiz,  Am.  Juurn.  Sci.  ArtA,  :tr>6.                                                     ^^H 
^H         ai^rfodM  frjaoji  AOAsalz,  Am.  Jouni.  Sci.  Art«,  190,  1835.                                            ^^| 
^H         Cwploiln  itiwN  Corx,  Proc.  Am.  Pliiloa  Sou.  Pbiln.  483,  1^70.                                    ^^M 
^M         Ctepitdn  Mmn  Jdriun,  Mnti.  Vert.  'iUT.  \f^i^,                                                            ^^M 
^M         Ctrfiodm  hiavm  JiiRluN  &  Copblam>,  Cbeck  liUt,  158,  ld76.                                     ^^| 
H          fi*cftfi*&M  M«m  Nklbok«  BalL  No.  1,  Ilia.  Mas.  Nat.  IIlHt.  49,  IHTA.                          ^^M 
^^          Gvy^l«d«  hitou  Joii^AX  A.  (IiLUKirr,  iti  Klippnrc'd  liv\}i.  0:1,  187G.                                ^^H 
^1          GMyiddw Mmm  Joxi^ax,  Hall.  U.  8.  Na(.  Mum.  ix.  »>,  1K77.                                        ^^| 
H          GtryCodA  i^Uit»  Jordax,  Muu.  Vert.  ed.  Sd,  ^2!^  1676.                                                ^^M 

^^^■prMT.— UUmSmIPPI  Vallry  (Osage  Blrer,  Jgassiz ;    Mimiwippi  River,  Wabash        V 
^^^^.  Tkumsmu  River,  Cope).                                                                                                             ■ 

^■jifi...,             1.  j^  j^  which  ProfcRwir  Agassiz  gave  the  pame  "^wm"       ■ 
^^^w^                     iiifil  from  the  published  descriptions.    ProlVssor  Cope        1 
^^^^^H              '   pr««eut  s{iecieB  under  that  name,  and  we  acr4^pt  the  ^^1 

iy8     COSTSIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMEBIOAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — IIL 

uauie  bUoH  on  his  authority.  This  species  is  not  generally  commoo  ixi 
»)  i;ir  OS  my  experience  goes.  I  hare,  however,  seeq  one  or  two  from 
Che  Ohio  Kiver.    I  found  no  specimens  in  the  National  Museum. 

47.  CAliPIODES  THOMPSONI  Agasaiz. 

Lake  Carp. 

Iti4:i— CatotftoiiM  ejfpriuua  Thompson,  Hiut  Vr.  133. 

L;mo — Ciirpioda  tluimpmmi  Agjussiz,  Am.  Joom.  Sc.  Arts,  2d  series,  xiz,  191. 

Carpiode9  thompaotti  CoPB,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phila.  285,  1864. 

Carpiodm  tkompsoHii  Copk,  Proc.  Am.  Philoe.  Soo.  Pbila.  483, 1870. 

Carpiodm  tkomptomi  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  297, 1876. 

h-kthgoiiu  tkompaomi  Nelson,  Ball.  No.  1,  Ills.  Mas.  Nat.  Hist.  49, 1876. 

Caryiodtm  tkompwni  Ju&dam  &  Copelamd,  Check  List,  158, 1876. 

Varpioda  thomptonii  Jordan  &  Oilbekt,  iu  Klip;>artV  Kept.  53, 1B76. 

('(uywiiM  tkamptoni  Jordan,  Man.  Tert.  ed.  2d,  323. 1878. 

U.vHi'v.vr. — Great  Lako  region  ;  abaudani. 

This  si>ecies  occurs  in  more  or  less  abundance  throughout  the  Great 
l^Wo  fegiou.  It  is  the  shortest  and  most  arched  of  all  the  species.  lU 
dor^kl  tin  is  about  intermediate  between  that  of  teli/er  and  that  of 
wtt^iiK  i  have  examined  very  many  specimens  of  this  species,  and  I 
ttiid  tittle  variation  among  them.  This  fish  reaches  a  length  of  somo- 
xUiu^  over  a  foot,  and  is  sold  by  the  Lake  fishermen  as  "  Carp". 

Specimens  in  United  States  National  Museum, 


NtuulH'r.  Locality. 


Cullector. 


UiHO  I  SiiuduMky,  Ohio , 

i\\:i  ' do 

ni-''* do 

\{\.\0  I do 

\\\M  I do 

UIW  !  do 


J.  W.  Miluer. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


ifi.  (lAUriODES  0YPRINU9  [Le  Sueur)  Agaaaiz. 
AWt-rM  Carp  Sucker.    Xtbraska  Carp  Sucker.    Rio  Grande  Carp. 

t.>i,      1  ftiud/tMNiw  cjiyrinua  Lk  Surur,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  i,  91. 

..Sf  iji*n«<w  I^kKav,  New  York  Fauan,  part  iv,  Fishes,  194,  1842.  . 

\,(fv>)j«afAM«  cgprinm  Cuvikk  &.  Valknciennks,  Hist.  Nat.  dtw  Poissons,  xrii, 

\.sti\'^Mihm  v$pr%nHS  Storkk,  Synopsis,  427, 1846. 

K  iii|i«tnlrr  ^f$pria^t  AOASeiz,  Am.  Joam.  Sc.  Arte,  2d  vAties,  xlx,  191,  I8S6. 


CARPI0DE8   CYPRINU8. 


199 


fivyiaiin  cpfrinuM  OCirrUKn^  C&t.  Fiabcii  Brit  Miu.  vil,  ^4^  1868. 
C«7Jada  Cfprinv  Cure.  Fruc.  Am.  I'liilcw.  Hoc.  Pbilu.  464, 1870. 
CgyMn  rxprtM*u  Jordan,  Kiabos  ol'  Ind.  20*2,  lc^5, 
Cyptmtm  ny/TlHN*  Jollt>AN',  Man.  Vtfrt-  £97,  1870. 
r«7«mlf«  cy/rrinu*  l* ni.Kii  Jk  lAHUitcu.  FiNbeH  of  Mur>'1nn<l.  140.  ltf7G. 
iVpudM  (if^rinuji  JcMtPAV  &  C'<H'KL.\ni>,  Check  List,  I5d,  lri7(i. 
Ovy^fM  «fprittM  JoRhAX,  Man.  V«rt.  «d.  2d*  3^1,  iHTa 
HH-rtfrptodn  raom  Auassjz,  Am.  Joarn.  ScL  Arln,  1156. 
iSA~UqnmleM  tumiUita  lUiitii  dc  (JiitAUD,  Pror.  rtiilo.  Ac.  N.a.  i^.2a 

Miulrif*  /niHufM  (.ilKAltn,  U.S.  Mcx.  iiuuDd.@iirv.  Icb.34,pl.  xxx.  f.  1-4. 18&9. 
Mikfobm  Immidua  Joim.uf  A  CufELAMLi.  Check  Liat.  15d,  1876. 
IGI-r«|ii0Av  dsMo/U  GiuAUD,  i'roc.  Au.  Nut.  Sc.  l^bilo.  170. 

'«yp^k4M  rfanuilia  (liiiAi  n,  V,  &.  Puc.  R.  R.  Exp),  x,  t>l8.  pi.  xlviii,  f.  1-4,  ISEa 
Corpioda  rfaiia/M  Cofk,  Tioc.  Ac.  Nat.  .So.  Phiia.  8j,  IHiyi. 
€gyi<rff<  ddiMi7i«  Joudan  Sl  C«>PBiJkNo,  CbcHjk  Li»t.  1&5, 1876. 
KP-Oi/jH**.*  jr</yi'  CofK.  Prii*.'.  Am.  Philoa.  8oc.  Pbiln.  4«,  lOTO. 
<^«jNMi>«yr4y{  JouiiAN  «1  Cofblanu,  Cbcck  LUt,  158. 1^6. 
C^wiea  ffroyi  COPB  A  Yakuow.  Whevler'a  Expl.  W.  lUOtb  Mer.  t,  ZooI.  681, 

RaMTat. — New  EngU^d  to  Alnbama  ;  tbcDce  to  Mexico  aud  nortb  to  (be  Upper 

f  hn\'t  cUw^tt  here  already  united  tbe  iMininal  species  grnyi  mul  tumi- 

t,  (or  the  (ollovriri;;  lOAHoriH: — OirariPs  **IctiohuM  tufttidun^*  is  corUiiiily 

Ctiqmnic9^  ns  iH  pluiiily  (tliowii  by  the  pubtinbcd  ti^ure^  the  month  he- 

i|C  n-firenentecl  nn  Hinall  atiil  inferior,  beneatb  (be  projecting  snout.    I 

kte  UDtnemu^  >oung  Apecioieus  of  a  Carpiodes  from  the  Kio  Grande, 

BruwiiKvillc,  TexaM,  the  original  locality  of  Iciiobm  iumidns.    Hut  uiy 

kens  do  not  ditiagne  in  any  important  respect  Irom  Curpiodea  iirayi^ 

the  Name  rivt-*r,  nor  uni  I  able,  on  examination  o(  anllientic  speci- 

wf  the  tatter  species,  to  point  out  any  differeuceH  between  them  and 

ly  Rrownnville  speciroeuH.    Therefore,  if  tumidvH  and  grayi  arc  wally 

iffrn^iit,  th<?  diflVrouees  have  escaped  my  notice.     It  is  of  course  possi- 

tk*  ikkt  my  llrowuHville  specimens,  althon^b  tVom  the  original  locality 

uf  tumidut^  may  not  be  tbat  Kpeciea;  but,  as  the  ty|>es  of  tutnidinf  have 

hrra  luet,  1  do  not  nee  bow  the  question  can  ever  Ins  nettled. 

lam  furthermore  unable  to  separate /tn/i/Jw*  as  thus  oharncttTiy*ed 
fto*  ddrMfi/u  UnL,  and  the  close  relationship  exist  inj;  between  dnmuUn 
*od  ta/prima  had  alrtrady  been  noticed  by  Professor  Cope.  As  1  now 
Mwvb thai  cj/priHtvty  tumidutt,  damalis^  nuAgrayi  were  all  based  on  mem- 
Wn  of  a  AJngle  widely  diHused  species,  1  unite  them  in   the  above 


«  id  the  common  Carp  Sucker  of  Peoosylvania  aud  the 


200    C0NTRIBUTI0N8  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICaTHYOLOOY — III. 


Middle  StattiH.  I  bare  no  S]>cciu3en8  refenibte  to  ibis  specie^)  tn>in  lb( 
Great  Lukes,  uor  from  tho  Mi^isissippi  or  tbe  Ohio.  If  cyprinMy  tut 
dun,  and  damalin  are  identic;il,  howerer,  oueot'  two  tliiugs  muHt  be  true*] 
Eitber  C  cyprinus  really  inbabits  tbe  wbole  Miasissippi  YuUeyj  but  bi 
beeu  overlooked  or  confounded  with  others,  or  else  we  have  a  very  ci 
ous  anomaly  in  tbe  distribution  of  tbe  species,  it  bein^  an  inbabitaol 
of  waters  of  two  widely  separated  areas,  having  little  in  common.  Th« 
former  supposition  seems  tbe  most  probable,  and  1  accordingly  look  fo( 
specimens  of  C  cyprinuis  in  tbe  Mississippi  Valley. 

<SpeciiPMWf  In  Vn'Urd  Slat€»  Natiowil  JfiwpHm. 


Number, 


Locality. 


Collector, 


179 

13012 
15891 

30109 


Uound  Lake,  Montgomery,  Alabamn Kiiniliou  Ac  Beau. 

Fort  Pierre,  N'ebr.  (types  of  C.  damaliti) Dr.  Evudm. 

UepublicuD  River   Wood  &.  HAoimoQiL 


Bio  Graude,  Now  Mexico  {grayi) 

Nebriuka 

"U.S.Mex.  Boandary  Surrey "  (tji']iee  of  tnmidtuf), 
BrowoBviUfl. Tex , . ....................... 


Dr.  O.  Loew. 


49.  CAIiPIODES  CARino  {Rafine^que)  Jordan, 
Big  Carp  SufAer.    OHce  Carp  Suder. 

1920— Cato»t<mu$  carpio  IUriN)£6<iUB,  Ich.  Oh.  56. 

Citrpiodcs  oarpio  Joudam,  Bull.  Boffolo  Soo.  Nut,  Uist.  95, 1870. 

Carpiodts  oarpio  Jo«rt.is.  Man.  Vert.  !»7, 1H7(J. 

Ichthj/ohu»  carpio  \ki>on,  Bull.  No.  l.  Ills.  Mas.  Nat.  Hint.  40. 187& 

Carpiodaa  oarpio  Juudan  A  Copelakd,  Check  Lis^  15A,  lri?ti. 

Carpiodet  Mrpto  JtmuAJt  X  Gn.RF.RT,  in  Klip^art'a  R«pt.  M,  1876. 

Carpiwlc«  carpio  JoattiMf  Proo.  Ac.Nat,  Sn.  Piiilu.7a,  1877. 

Carpioden  oarpio  J  ouSJXSf  Bull,  U.S.  Nat.  Muh.  ix.:l4, 1677. 

Carpiodt:9  rarjno  JoR  das,  Man.  Vert,  ed,  2d,  322,  IH7S. 
1870— r.»ri>io<fc*  ttummiffr  Cope,  Proo.  Am.  Pliilrwi.  S«»i\  PliUa.  ifti, 

HAurTAT. — MiasiMippi  Valley.    Abundant  la  the  Ohio  Rlrer. 

This  is  tbe  mo-tt  Abundant  species  of  its  ^'enas  in  tbo  Ohio  Bivvr 
its  tributaries.    It  is  tbe  largest  6|>ecie8,  tbe  most  elon^rate,  and  baa 
loweNC  fln-ruys  and  tbe  suiuUest  bead.    Tbe  iieculiar  culargumeut  of  ihi 
anterior  rays  of  tbe  dorsal  1  have  foand  to  Iw  an  excellent  di;v- 
ubaratrter.     This  species  biis  beeu  well  deseribed  by  Uroleft-s" 
under  the  uame  of  C.  nummi/tn'.    There  can,  however,  be  bat  UtUi 


GENUS    BUBALICnTHVS. 


201 


BaflD€flQue  bail  the  suuie  liHb  ia  miud  ah  bis  C.  carpio,  and  I 
ITT  Aownljiigly  adopted  tbc  latter  nume. 

JbeafcMnf  U  United  Stat€9  National  Muaeum, 


Colleotor. 


J.W.MiiDer. 
Do. 


Genus  BUBALICHTHYS  Agassis. 

IrAlljpf  AOAttsrz,  Am.  Jonro.  ScL  ArU^  1855, 1{>-2. 

GONTtlRit,  CaU  Fiahas  Brit,  Mas.  vii,  p,  22,  lUGS. 
iM  0t  C'«f7>ioc20»  np.  of  aiitbortt, 
Tjp^  I'arpiodn  mriu  Aguiv-iiz. 

Head  moderate  or  nttfaer  large,  deep  and  tbick,  its  snperior  oatlino 
[|X  Hsiug,  Us  leugtb  abont  4  iu  tbat  of  Cbe  body :  eye  motlerate, 
ID  or  ratber  anterior  in  ])08ition  ;  Buborbital  boues  cotnparuMrely 
iw  ;  footanetle  always  present  and  widely  open. 
Moutli  moderate  or  small,  more  or  less  inferior,  tbe  mandible  Hliort, 
kUleiibUf|ue,ortypicid]y<p]itebonzontaI,tbe  mandible  less  tbauoue-lhird 
tte  length  of  the  bead,  tbe  premaxillarics  in  tbe  closed  mouth  below 
t^  level  of  tbe  lower  part  of  tbe  orbit ;  lips  rather  thin,  thicker  than  iu 
ijftUrutif  the  upi>er  prolnictile,  nnrrow,  plicate,  ibo  plicro  someiinies 
i4ro  up  into  gninulen;  lower  lip  comparatively  full  (for  a  Huiralo- 
i),  fatntly  plicate,  the  pliea'  b:oken  np  into  grannies,  tbe  lower  lip 
iriug  th«  genenil  q  Hhaped  form  8een  iu  Carpiotlett ;  JawH  witbont  car- 
LOOOH  fiheoih  ;  uiueiferous  ciysteui  well  developed;  opercular  appa- 
Wfll  deTe1o[>ed,  but  \e»9  so  than  in  IchthifohuH^  the  operciilnm 
ttHMgly  mgoMD;  UtbmuA  moderate;  pharyngeal  bones  triangular,  with 
tetftli,  wbjcb  increoHO  in  Bize  from  above  downwards;  teeth  com- 
r  griudinge<lge  blunt,  Hlightly  arched  in  the  middle,  and 
\\  a  little  cUKp  along  the  inner  margin,  which  is  hardly 
(ktached  from  the  crown,  and  does  uot  rise  nbove  tbe  surface :  gill-rnkers 
HfiLuirrtor  arch  slender  and  ntiff  alwve,  growing  shorter  downwards. 
Bgdy  orate  or  oblong,  the  dorsal  outline  more  or  less  arched,  the  sides 
tf  thr  liody  oompre&Bed,  the  ventral  outline  curved  also,  but  to  a  less 
4^nr:  ttcaUrfl  very  large,  about  equal  over  the  body,  their  posterior 


202     CONTEIUCTIONS  TO  NOETH  AMERICAN  IcnTUTOLOGY III. 


outlines  somowbat  semito;  lateral  liue  veil  developed,  uearly  straight 
with  35  to  42  scales,  12  to  14  in  a  cross-series  from  Teotrals  to  dorHtU 
dorsal  Gu  l>c*;;iiiuiii^  uear  tbe  middle  of  the  body,  somowbut  \n  advuni 
of  the  veutnils,  its  nuteiior  rays  elevated,  their  beigbt  aliont  4-ijiial  U 
half  the  base  of  tbe  &d,  tbe  Dumber  of  rays  iu  Lbe  dorsal  fin  rangiuj 
from  25  to  32;  caudal  fiu  vfeM  lorked,  tbe  lobes  about  equal,  not  f« 
catc;  anal  fiu  eomparalively  long  and  rather  low,  of  8  or  0  deveb>i« 
rays;  veutrals  moderate,  10  rayed  j  pectorals  rather  short:  sexual  jhwi 
liarities,  if  any,  unknown  :  coloration  dull  dark  brown^  nearly  plaiu,  m 
silvery  ;  fins  olivaceous  or  more  or  less  dusky. 

Air  bladder  with  two  chamt>er8. 

Size  quite  large. 

In  general  appearance,  the  Bpccies  of  Bubalicktkys  bear  a  cousiderabl^ 
resemblance  to  those  of  Carpiodes.  Tbe  form  is,  however,  coai-ser  thai 
that  of  any  CarphdeSy  the  dorsal  fin  is  lower*  and  tbe  coloration  is' 
darker  and  duller.  The  species  reach  a  larger  size  than  do  those  of 
CarpiudeJt^  but  whether  larger  or  not  than  tbe  species  of  Ichthyohus  I  am 
unable  to  say.  In  external  appearance,  BubaUchthys  is  intermediat 
iK'tween  Carpioden  and  Ichthyohus^  the  one  species,  tuhnittjt,  resemblin| 
CarpiiidvH  most,  the  other,  urus^  being  most  like  Ichthyohus. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  species  of  this  genus  is  very  incomplete.    MaQJ 
species  were  named  and  indicated  by  Professor  Agassiz,  but  with  such 
fragmentary  descriptious  that  not  a  single  one  of  them   is  certaiidj 
known  by  any  one.     I  have,  however,  been  able  to  identify  in  specimei 
from  Quiney,  III.,  tbe  fishes  termed  by  him  J3.  buhalus  and  //.  m 
the  snmll  mouthed  and  the  lai'ge-mouthed  Buffalo.     Assumiug  these  V 
well-separated  si>ecies  as  a  basis,  I  have  compared  with  them  numeroa^ 
BiinUIo-lisbes  imin  various  localities,  and  iu  all  cases  I  have  found  tbei 
identical  witli  either  the  one  or  the  other.     1  have  therefore  ailoptc< 
the  tiypothesis,  jMjssible,  and  perhaps  probable,  that  all  of  tbe  nominal 
species  of  Professor  Agassiz  were  based  on  the  one  or  the  other  of  tbe«e 
two  forms.     As  to  this,  I  may  say  that  tbe  sole  basis  of  some  of  tbme 
uomiiml  si>ecies  was  the  differenco  in  locality.     From  what  wo  know  of 
the  range  of  other  siiecies  of  Catostomidcc^  there  is  nothing  antecedenily 
improbable  iu  the  same  fish  l>eing  found  iu  the  Wubash  »itd  Mobilo 
Rivers,   or   in  the  Tennessee  and  Osage.     Myj-ostoma   yuacroirpidotw 
Ermyztm  nhlonguK^   Minytrtma   meittnoptiy  CatoatomuH  (vrcJf,  anil  otbi 
are  known  to  occur  in  all  four  of  those  atreonu.    Tbe  queatioua 
locality  may,  I  think,  be  safely  elimiualeil  from  tbe  discosttioa.    T 


publtKheil  by  Prufeiwor  Ag^iasix  are  ulmost  wurthlt'SH  for  the 

dlstifictioD  of  Kpoeies.    It  has  accordingly  seemed  be»t  to  uie,  as  a  tern- 

fmauy  amngemi'Dt,  at  least  until  more  than  ttco  Kpecies  are  shown  to 

oeear  Ui  oiir  wutci*M,  or  nntil  sotuo  oue  is  able  to  show  Irooi  exaniinariou 

of  Professor  Ag;iHaiz*8  types  what  he  r<^aUy  had  in  mind,  Lo  distribute 

ki*  uotiiinal  species  iu  the  syuooyiuy  of  the  tvo  which  we  know.    I 

k^w  accordingly   considered   each  of  Agasuiz^s  species  and   made  it 

ideciUcal  wttU  either  the  small*moutlied  or  the  large-moathed  8i>ecies,  aa 

Uie  <le<scHpUou   t^eeiued   to  indittato.     A    third   species,  from   Central 

AmehiSA^  which  1  suppose  belongs  to  this  genus,  is  added  from  Dr. 

GaAlber*d  description. 

GaiGTic  CkMracteritatUtnt. 

Bc^UiTHfHTS  AgflMie.  1^^55. — "At  tbo  tintu  I  viudicntvd  the  propriety  of  restoriug 
■■  %it  llw  j(vDon  «»lalilUb«<l  by  Uttttaesqae  aiuoog  Cy priaoid»r  1  did  not  atwiwct  (hut 
vguuM  Vurpiodtt^  iu»  I  tb«n  repr«aent«d  it,  still  coatalucd  two  diBtinut  i.vih>^.  though 
1  had  oobeed  lUat  «ouie  of  the  ipeciee  bad  tbo  uutorior  lUHrKiD  of  tbeir  duriuil  ^TeKtly 
loJftoKMl,  wb'dat  ill  ttlbitrit  it  bardly  rlaea  above  tbe  middle  aod  poetorior  of  ibat  fin. 
Qftviig  aifice  exAinlbiMl  tho  pharyiigt^alft  of  nil  the  epeiMiw  of  thiH  tribe  which  I  havo 
ftliW  Id  arrum  from  dilTnn^pt  partft  of  tbe  ounntry,  I  lind  that  tbom  with  a  hif;b 
which  coiuiIIIiiCa  tbo  gcuuit  Carpiodra,  bnvu,  in  oildition,  very  ibiti  Ual  pbitryu- 
fsta  wtlh  «ilr«a)«ly  iniiiut«  t««tb,  wb.bil  tboMj  with  a  low  Uoreal  b»ve  tniin^ular 
l^ijiif—h  with  larger  t<'«tb,  iaoreaaiug  gradually  Id  tilz«  aod  tbicknow,  from  tbe 
^parmarKinof  the  boouA  towards  the  eympbyHi».  The  dilTerenco  in  furm  uf  Ibeae 
^^^NH»  ^n»e»  from  tho  cireitnutanoe  that  tbu  alight  rid)^  upon  the  outur  surface  of  the 
^^pcfc  Id  Cmrptode*  is  Lrattaformed  in  thin  second  type  into  a  prominonl  edge,  dividing 
^^^^^^■^^oriocc  of  tbe  arch  iutn  a  jtoaterior  iiud  unti^'rior  jiltiue,  utmaiiig  nnder  an 
H^HHH^b.  Tbi"  •titietiirul  buinulog^'  is  sutiHfibotorily  trueml  by  tbu  iliQi^rence  of  the 
czunal  AppcttDftOce  of  thae  two  plaae»,  tbo  ]>o»terior  oue  being  fall  £m  the  posterior 
kati  >  oot^ir  Murfiwfl  of  the  oreh  lu   Carpiwkv,  wbllnt  tbu  nulerior  plane  Is 

mmt^  ■    tutlp*^  (ituddcd  with  deep  pito  uiuilogotm  to  tbe  |H>rooN  nbnraoter  of 

tts  oBterier  half  of  the  outer  narfoco  of  that  Iwioe  in  Carpiadf*.    Tbo  t«!eth  theaiHelvea 
«v  cmnprr—f  J  ;  their  grinding  edge  '\»  rather  blunt,  itlighlly  miMi^d  iu  the  middle,  and 
fcurkivil  with  a  til  lie  cuMp  along  tho  inner  murgiti.  which  is  bnnlly  detached  front  (bo 
,  aad  docs  not  rli***  above  itA  sarface,  as  iu  Carpioda,  Ichlhyobu*  and  CycleptttB. 
tlto  hulk  <jf  the  tiody  is  not  pUcud  so  far  forwards  on  in  Car^odat^ 
bt'iug  iHilween  brad  and  tail.    The  upper  outline  of  tbe  body  is 
q^y  aKli#«]  m  advance  of  the  donnl ;  ibe  head  is  longer  than  bigb,  and  tbo  snout 
nan*  pmmlarnt  than  tb«  moutb.    Tbe  mouth  opens  obliquely  downwards  and 
ir^s  the  Inwor  jaw  being  nearly  as  long  aa  tbe  upper.    Tlio  lips  are  small 

Tbe  anterior  r»y«  of  tbe  dnnsal  are  not  sepanitely  prolungtvl  bt^yond  tbe 
ilaf  IW  flko,  tfaoQgb  its  anterior  margin  i9  higber  than  its  middle  uud  posterior  por- 
■L   Tfa*  Itfurar  Qna  an  aa  (ii  Cnfyioda. 

"*nMiar  narn>w  rmllatiug  furrows  niM>n  the  anterior  field,  nnno  nf^ro 

)  A  ti{H)u  tbe  p(>sttirior  tb>l(lfl,  converging  to  the  ceutru  of  radi 


^pastlalirf. 


204     CONTRIBCTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOy UI. 


tion,  to  vhi«b  tbA  (nbea  of  the  Utmul  lino  extend  aIao.    For  this  new  geciu  I  pro| 
tbo  niiiiiv  or  JiubitlU'hthyti,  ioteudiug  to  r«c«l1  tho  naajc*  of  BtiJTitlo  flab,  comraouljr 
ttppltcd  lu  tbitt  B]>Qcies.    To  this  genns  belotii^  the  HpooitNi  1  huvo  (luttcribtrd  od  Carpiode^ 
urun  from  tho  TeanflMoe  Rlr«r,  C.laarus  Troui  Mobile  Uivcr,  antl  C  tHtulus  from  tb« 
Wubiiwh.  mid  a\»n  tbo  CatontomuB  nigrr  uf  Ribfinrmiae  and  CatMtomug  bubaliu  of  Dr.  Kil 
Inud  frum  ibo  Ohio,  but  uot  C.  hubattm  RalioutKiue,  wliicb  ia  tbo  type  uf  Ibr  ^euiin  /c 
Ik^btia  de«onbvid  in  the  folluwit)};  paiagmpb.    I  bavu  another  new  apecioH  from 
Osftgo  RivtT,  sout  iiie  by  Mr.  CJworge  Stullwy-    This  ttbows  tbi«  typo  to  Ih>  wtil«ly  JI 
tribu(«d  iu  uur  wet^tcru  waters,  but  thus  £ar  it  bus  uot  b(.-eu  fuuud  in  the  Atlaol 
statM.     I  have  soma  doabts  roqwoting  tbo  nomoocUtnre  of  tbeso  Hpecios  which  are 
rather  ilIIHcult  to  Holve.    It  will  be  seoD  upoo  reference  to  Raflaesque's  lohthyologia 
ObieiisiH,  p.  fiT)  and  5G,  that  bo  nientiomt  two  species  of  bis  aubgonuit  IckthyobMf  one  of 
which  he  calls  C.  bubatuSf  and  the  other  C.  niger;  the  secoud  be  bna  not  aeen  liTmtelf, 
but  d(!wcr>b«yi  it  on  tho  authority  of  Mr.  Audulmn  as  'entii^ly  similar  tt*  the  ot>iiii 
buiralo  fittb/  hiB  C.  bubutu»,  but  *  larger,  weighing  upwanbs  of  fifty*  pounds.*    Dr.  Kti 
luDil,  on  lb«  other  b»od,  describee  the  C.bubalu»  as  the  largest  siiocitM  funnd  in 
westf^rn  waters,  and  adds  that  tho  yonng  is  nearly  elliptical  In  Its  uatline  and  fa 
sold  in  the  market  as  a  distinct  species  ouder  the  name  of  UafTiilo  Perch.     If  tbe.o' 
only  one  species  of  Buffulo  iu  those  wutei-e  the  case  woold  be  very  simple,  and  the  C* 
t<f»tomMM  bubttltin  and  nifftr  of  RaHnttsqnr,  and  C.  hubaluji  of  Dr.  Kittland,  should  simpl] 
be  oonaiden^d  an  synonymous,  bnt  Dr.  Ranch  of  IlnHlngton  hits  sent  me  fine  Hpocii 
of  tbifi  nnfT.ilu  Pnrcb,  to  which  Ih**  reiunrk  of  Dr.  Kirllnnd, '  (elliptical  io  its  untl{n< 
perfectly  upptles,  .lud  I  find  that  it  not  only  differs  spec iO cully  but  even  generic 
from  tbe  broader,  high  bucked,  common  Uaffalo,  and  being  thit  smaller  si>ecte«,  I 
it  to  be  Jiatinesqiio'u  C.  bubaluD,  the  type  of  bi»  gcnnn  Ichthyobnn,  which  is  more  fhl 
chariict  trtscd  below,  whilst  tbe  larger  species,  RjLflnesqoe's  ('.  ntytr,  caa  be  no  ol 
than  Dr.  Kirtland's  C.  bubaUtt,  *tbo  largest  ■[>ooie«  of  the  weslem  waters.*    It 
theiefore  biiriily  avoidable  to  rrtniri  the  name  of  C.  iiij;t'ror  rather  liyhalirhthjft  ni 
for  tho  common  battulu,  though  KuUneeque,  who  tirat  named  the  ti«h,  !teTt:r  saw  It, 
If  he  saw  it  mhitook  It  for  bin  own  bubalus,  and  though  Dr.  Kirtlond.  who 
dtiwribea  nnd  fi^nres  it,  names  it  C  frii2i(i/iiir,  for  suob  Is  the  natural  rrsult  to  whirh 
hiHtoty  ol  the  nuccessive  steps  in  our  mrestigntion  of  these  fishes  Ituul.     Hnt  our  dLlfli 
culiiee  hero  are  not  yet  at  an  end.    Among  the  splendid  collections  I  received  frum  Dr. 
Ruucb,  I  found  two  perfectly  rtistiuot  species  of  liahalichttij/e^  one  with  a  lor^  monil 
and  the  other  with  a  Amall  mouth,  nnd  one  of  Ichthyobus,  living  together  in  tliu  Min 
ftippl  River,  io  tbe  neighborhood  of  Bnrlington,  Iowa;  and  the  next  question,  probi 
biy  nover  to  bo  solved,  will  be,  if  they  all  three  occur  also  in  tbe  Ohio,  whether  Rat 
nehi|ne's  C.  nujtr  was  tbe  big  monthtid  or  tbo  t<mall  nxxithwl  limthtlichthtf'i.    Judgli 
from  the  figure  given  by  Dr.  Kirtland  in  the  Boston  Junrtml  of  Natural  History,  vuL 
pi.  fig.  '2. 1  believe  his  C.  bubalag  to  be  tbe  small  mouthed  iri>ociQs.     1  mysidf  have,  ho* 
ever,  Hiien  only  one  specimen  of  the  big  muntlied  apeciee  from  (hn  Ohio,  aiHt  thai 
rather  nn  indilTerent  ^tuf^i  of  pawervation;  forwhicfalaui  indeblnl  to  iV'f.  ttaiird.ao 
none  of  the  small  mouthed  species.    Should,  however,  all  three,  as  is  (towiblc,  occur 
tbe  Ohio  OS  well  as  the  Mississippi,  to  avoid  Intmdncing  new  namea,  I  wUl  call 
big  mouthed  species  It.  nlfftr,  prii*erTlag  for  it  Raflnesqiie*9  spoolflo  namo,-~th« 


OESUS    BDBALICnTHYS. 


205 


K 


r,  rotaining  for  it  tba  oanie  vhieh  Dr.  Rirtland  has  given  it,  oven 

;»f  IchlSyobtu  must  Iwar  tbr  .sirae  Bpccifie  nnme,  being  ibftt  origin- 

apflifd  by  RafiDesqac.    It  may  he  tbat  either  m^*  It,  rituln*  nr  my  If.  nrua  it*  idea- 

lib  Or.  Kiftlanil*«  C  hnbaluA,  bat  nntil  I  con  obtain  orl|;inu)  n]»eGliii«DH  of  thin 

(  niiwl  rooinin  untU^ridtHl,  as  it  in  iinposaiblp  for  niAre  dcsoriiitiona  to 

ilcntly  minute  cuinporisou.    Tbu  np<^<.'.imeIl8  from  Ohako  R'ver  I  eball 

"CtNopand  witb  one  nnotbvr,  ihta^  apf^citui  difi'ur  as  follows:  B.  iii^r,  (tbo  big- 
■TilthH  Baflalo)  ilifTont  from  B.  tminihi^  (tbu  ^aiiill -moutbcU  BuUalu)  b>  ita  larger 
■flath,  flfwftlxm  more  forwards;  Ita  more  elongated  body,  tbe  fint  rays  of  tbe  dorsal 
miftf  taBoedlat4.dy  above  tbn  bofle  of  tho  vcntrols.  and  iu  anterior  lobe  bein^  broader, 
aaA  llie  anal  fiu  uul  einarKinnti'd;  Ji.  bonaaua  diifers  from  B.  buhaliti  and  from  li.  niger 
m  baling  Uh  mcratb  larger  tban  Ibo  first  and  Btuullvr  tbnn  tbo  neoond,  and  from  B, 
kwkmlmw  by  tta  Icm  ciuorginated  dorsal,  wbich  renders  its  birg(.T  lobe  bromter,  anal  fin 
Ml  eoarytnaleil,  ofirrcli*  larger.  A  fiirtb«r  cmiipsrittou  with  tbe  Soutbum  apceicd  could 
fit  )ieutia£aclory,i(  acoompanied  by  nconrate  fignres.'*— (AoASSiz,  ^m.  jQurn.Sc  Art»j 

SCLUtoastjiTlICB  OUDtber,  1808.—"  Senlea  of  moderate  or  ratber  large  ^izo.  Lateral 
liDv  msoing  along  Itir  middle  of  tlio  tail.  Dorsal  Gn  nmcb  elongate,  witb  iilmnt  30  or 
aac«  laya.  naoe  of  vrbiobore  Hpinoos.  Anal  ftn  ebort.  Muutb  nmall,  inferior  (/luba 
ll*4il|«)  or  ftublemitnal  \.^lcro*;natkui),  witb  the  lips  more  or  less  (hiekened.  Barbels 
MB*.  GiU'ntkrm  Uuig.stifl'  in  tbu  upper  two-tbirdti  of  tbe  first  brancbial  arrb,  modi- 
M  Into  low  mriiibra&arooad  tnuisvcrMj  folds  in  tbe  lower  third.  Prieudobriiucbiu!. 
Fb*ryvfeal  bouMsickle-sliapud,  armed  with  a  eomb-Uko  series  of  UDmerons,con)pi 

,  Inetv34tiig  In  sii©  dowuwards."— (Ot^NTUKR,  Cat.  F'xghrn  UriL  itu».  vii,  '2*2,  IPCH.) 

BcBAUCIirnvs  Cope  &.  Jordan,  1877.—"  Botly  oblong  oval,  compretuMMl ;  duraal  elon- 

atevatvd  in  fmntr  of  SO  or  more  rays ;   fontanelle  present ;  pbaiyngeal  booes 

tfTK..  ii  cniiiparattvely  coarse  and  large,  inereosingiu  aize  downwards ;  uioatb 

mim  ..riAN,  froa,  Jo.  .Vat.  N;.  Phila.  1977,  p.  82.) 


A>*ALT81S  OP  SFKCrBd  OV  DCfUAUCriTWYS. 

*Bsd)  efrDt^dsrably  ulevated  and  compruMed  al>ove;  tbe  dorsal  region  snltcoriuate ; 
Mly  thicker;  depth  2^  to  t2}  in  length ;  axis  of  iMxly  above  the  veutruU  beloi 
Uie  lateral  line  and  nearly  twice  as  fur  from  tbe  bock  as  from  the  belly  :  head 
triaugnUr  in  outline  when  viewed  from  tbo  ^ide^  4  in  length:  eye 
equal  to  snoot,  4  to  5  m  length  of  head,  niiicb  larger  than  in  //.  »t-HM :  Ukoiith  quite 
1,  Dolably  stimller  and  more  iufttrior  than  in  H.  tirwi:  mandible  alwut  equal 
l0«|«;  dorMl  fiu  elevated  in  front  and  rapidly  declined,  the  highest  ray  reach- 
lug  mnrh  beyond  the  middle  of  tbe  tin,  tbe  seventh  ray  about  half  Itie  length  of 
llMllilrd  nr  longest;  anul  luys  rapidly  shurtuiied  bcOiInd,  the  middle  rays  much 
riiorUf  than  tbe  Qrvl  lung  ones:  scales  t<-39-(>;  dorsal, 29;  anal,  ll>;  ventrala, 

10:  fwb-t  'T,  the  lower  tins  slightly  dusky nCMAU's.&O, 

Ik^jeanicfa  1  >  t-d  and  lens  oontpressed  than  in  the  preoe<ling,  the  back  not  at  all 

artaatod;  axlaof  body  above  ventraln  about  at  the  lateral  liDo,  and  bnt  very  lit- 

U» fariber  from  tlmdurB.-iI  outliin*  tliun  fnimtbe  vptitral  ;  depth  11  to ^  in  length: 

very  stoat-,  strongly  transversely  convex,  Lhiuker,  larger,  and  lees  poiuted 


206   coNTRrnnTiova  to  xorth  American  ichtuyoloot — m. 

than  in  tbe  next,  aboot  4  in  length :  eyo  about  eqnol  to  snoatt  M  '"  bctnl,  moot 
smaller  than  in  B.  hiibatuit :  toonth  \&rgo,  conH)f]erab1y  Dbli<itie,  opening  well  fb 
^TiLTtlii :  mandible  loDj^r  tbau  «jc :  (loraal  fin  lower  and  low  rnpidlj  Uepi 
tban  in  the  next,  tbe  longest  ray  Hcarcoly  half  tbe  length  of  tbe  baae  of  tbe  fin; 
anul  fin  rutititlMl,  iti*  ruys  not  rapidly  Hhortbiied,  tbe  middle  ones  not  mncb  eboi 
tban  Che  loii};uat:  colore  very  dark;  tins  all  block:  sealcN  6M1-7  ;  denial,  30^ 

anal,  10 mr«,  51 

•••  Month  small,  ioforior,  d1i};btly  corrU(;at4Ml ;  depth  3^  to  SJ  in  lengtli  \  bead  4  to  4^^ 
not  much  lunger  tbuu  high  :  cyo  rather  Bmall,  unc-Hfth  of  l1h«  leii^h  of  Ibi*  hi 
and  I  that  of  the  anont:  aaborhiralfl  narrow.  Anterior  raya  not  much  prodn< 
aborler  tban  tbe  bead;  candal  forked.  Origin  of  veutral  vertically  bulow  tb«< 
fourth  dornal  ruy.  Pectoral  fin  not  extending  to  vontrala.  There  are  Ave 
longitudiiinl  sertea  of  scaled  botweon  tbe  lut«ral  lino  and  rbo  root  of  tho  vtinmU. 
Coloration  uniform.    Scale* 7-38-7 ;  dorsdl  29;  amd  10 mkridionaUS,] 


60.  BnBALICnTHYS  BUBALUS  AffOMBiz. 
Dngalo-fith.    Small-mouthfii  Buffalo.    Uigk-hccktd  Jinffaio, 

183S — C-fttn9lomu9  bubttlm  KiirrLANU,  Ropt.  Z»ul.  Ohio,  IGS.     (Not  of  RafinoaqnB.I 

Catogtomiu  bubalut  Kirtlanu,  Uustoii  Junru.  Nat.  Hist,  v,  '2iM*,  1845. 

Calo*tomu$  hubafua  Storer,  SynoiMis,  4^4. 1646. 

Buhalichthtfii  bubalus  Agarsiz.  Ant.  Joiint.  Sc.  Arts.  2d  Bcritw,  xlx,  195,  1856. 

[iafmiit'Mthytt  tuilMilfH  JoBOAVt  Fitibett  of  Ind.,22*2,  li^fi. 

Bnhalichlhtf9  btibaiut  Jordan  &  Copeland,  Check  Liat.  l&S,  1876. 

Btibaltchth^n  bttHalua  Jokoan.  ProR.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbiln.74, 1^^. 

BubtOiehthya  bubalns  JouiMN  &,  GlLUKitr,  in  Klippart's  Kept.  53,  1877. 
IS&i—f  f  Carpicdes  laurtt*  Aoassiz,  Am.  Jonrn.  SuL  Arta,  353.    {Not  identifiable.) 

f  f  liHhaVichthtjn  taurtin  Aoasaik,  Am..lnnrn.  ftr.  Arta,  3d  HeHeft.  xix,  193,  1^5. 

ff  BtihalichUtHK  toxtti*  Joiidan  &  Coit.laxd.  Check  Lint,  IL\  1876. 
1834— ff  Carpiotlca  rilvliu  AOASfiiz,  Am.  Jouru.  Sol.  Arta,:)5G.     (Not  IdontiB.bln.) 

tf  Bubalichthtf»  nVji/uA  Agasaiz,  Ani.  .Touru.  8c.  ArtA,  2d  <teric<i,  xix,  1113,  it^&o, 

ff  Bubalichtkt/n  rilMlu9  Joitli.vN  &  CoprLAJO),  Cht'ck  List,  U>H,  I*;C6. 

f  f  Babnlicliih^H  ritalHB  JuiiUAN'  A  Gilukkt,  In  Klippart'a  Kept.  &:t,  1876. 
leCS— 5e/t'iw^HnMM»  nru»  GO.ntiikr,  Cat,  Finbea  Drir.  Mn».  vii,  2-3. 
187G— ictAyobu*  cya»€llu4  Nklson,  Hull.  No.  1,  Ills.  Muh.  Nnr.  Hiat  49. 

Jcthyobut  cyanvUm  Jordan  &  C(H'F.i.ANr»,  Check  Lint,  IM,  IH70, 

Irthyobax  vyaneltua  Jordan,  Proc.  Ap.  Xttt.  Sc.  Phila.  73,  1877. 

lothyobus  cyanttluB  Jordan  &  Oilukbt,  in  mippart'e  Ropt,  63, 1876. 

Jckiktfobu»  i^yauetlug  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  cd.Sd,  323, 1H78, 
1977— Bubniirhlhyit  nltttM  NKf^oN,  M88. 

BubalicbltKyn  ultwi  JOhDAN.  Proc.  Ac  Nat.  8c.  PliiU.  73, 1877. 

BubaUchlhy*  altH*  Jordan,  Muii.  Vert.  c<l.^d,  324,  l^H. 
l&n—BitbtiUcii.hytf  bubatinuM  Jordan,  Bull.  T.  H.  Nat.  Una.  Ix,  hO. 

BttbaUcJilhya  b.tbalinya  JordaM,  Man.  Vert.ed.Sd,3l2&f  lB7a 

HaBITAT.— MtuiMippi  Valley ;  abundant  iu  oil  tbe  htrgor  ■trenme. 


BUBALICJITHYS   BUBALU8. 


207 


'nii«  w  probrthly  th©  most  ^enorrtllj'  distributed  of  the  variouB  Rpecies 
kmiwn  popularly  na  niitl'uto-llBh.  The  qnention  as  to  its  proper  nomoD- 
ebtofv  ta  eveu  more  compliciiteU  llinn  that  of  the  next  s[>ocies.  It 
tJmt  this  is  the  Inn^  buJmfus  of  l{uQnesqii<^,  as  supjtosed  be  Dr. 
Bat  aa  that  species  was  the  type  of  the  genus  Tdiobus^  the 
tioo  of  Hafliiesque^s  8i>ecies  with  the  present  one  woiihl  lead 
rgfs«  in  non»enclat«re  far  from  desirable.  The  name  Jchtlnjob^ts 
tboD  belong  to  BuhaJichthyH  and  the  genus  ItMiyohmt  would 
^e  a  nevr  name.  As  thiti  can  never  bo  proven,  it  is  best  to  e-onsider 
Ajpi«i}z'AidentJ(lcatioD  as  correct  and  that  of  Dr.  Kirtland  wrong.  The 
tat  mention  of  this  species  was  that  of  Dr.  Kirtlnnd  a.s  CatondtmnH  hu- 
fiM.  The  name  buMtiSj  however,  was  given  throngh  an  I'lroiieons 
ttiAcation,  and  must  be  passed  over.  Next  cowe  Agussiz'S  names 
ttmruM  and  fiitulttJt,  both  possibly  belonging  herei  but  just  as  likely  be- 
loojciog  to  ums^  Both  of  them,  from  the  ex:isperatiug  insnflirienry  and 
trance  of  the  descriptions,  are  practically  unideiittHable.  Ni'Xt  is 
fs'a  buhatuHf  notie^Hl  below.  The  next  name  in  order  is  that  of 
ctfanrlltun  Kelson«  which  was  based  on  this  species,  as  I  havo 
lined  by  examination  of  his  type.  This  is  the  first  tenable  uame 
^drrteia/f  belonging  to  this  species,  unless  wi^  adopt  the  name  buhaluH. 
Sen  corned  Nelson's  altuji,  A  specimen  answering  Nelson's  description 
ti  an  respects,  and  as  evidently  belonging  to  the  species  now  under 
itioo,  Is  at  present  before  me.  It  is  a  fine  adnU  example, 
ily  comeH  my  own  htifHiUntt«,  intended  merely  as  a  siibstitnto  for  the 
^tihalH9^t  not  then  c-ousidered  tenable  as  the  sj>ecilhr  name  of 
lU species,  having  been  given  to  it  originally  by  an  error  in  identitica- 
Tbe  adoption  of  the  name  huhaUiH  by  Agnssiz  after  the  knowledge 
of  ibU  error  may,  however,  be  eonf^idered  as  a  proposal  of  a  new  name. 
?W  original  descriptions  of  iaiiruft^vitttluMj  cyane'luK^  and  nltuH  are  here 
[kuhjaioed. 

CarpiodtM  tntiruM  Agsi«six,  Am.  Jtmrn.  Scl.  Arts,  185o,  p.  355. — '■*■  From 
River,  Alabama.  The  form  of  the  body  is  intermediiite  Ix^tween 
nf  C,  Cjfpn'nun  and  V.  t'nw.  The  gill-cover  has  the  siime  form  as 
l»  C.  UruM,  but  It  Is  larger  and  more  strongly  arche4l  behintl.  The  hind 
*>rviiiof  ihe  scales  is  waving,  owing  to  a  somewhat  prominent  mid 
^Mftltt.  The  anterior  rays  of  the  dorsal  equal  in  length  two  thirds 
^UMtof  (he  base  of  the  flu.  Anal  not  lunate  behind.  The  ventrals 
■v-aeh  to  the  anal  opening.    Caudal  uot  so  deeply  furcjite  as  in 


208     CONTRIBUTIOSS  TO  NOHTH  AMEUICAN  ICHTHYOLOOV — HI. 

Cttrpiodeavitulm  Agtutsiz,  Am.  Jonrn.  Sc  Arts,  1865,  p.  350. — "  Frd 
tbe  WnbQsli  liiver,  ludiana.  Tbis  soeiiia  to  bo  a  smaller  species  ib 
tbe  preceding  ones.  Tbe  form  of  tbo  body  resembU^^  tbat  of  C  Tnuru 
but  tbe  eye«  arc  smaller  j  tbe  opercle  is  more  broadly  rounded  bi^biD' 
tbe  Rubopercle  bus  its  poHterior  aud  free  border  regularly  arcbed  ivbiv 
and  below,  aud  uot  emargiaate  as  iii  C  Taurtw.  Tbe  direction  of 
uumeroua  wuter-tubea  on  tbe  bead  and  cbeeks  also  dififer.  The  upp 
and  lower  border  of  tbe  scaler  are  nearly  atniigbt.  Tbe  dorsal  does 
extend  quite  so  far  forward.  I  am  indebted  to  Col.  Uicbard  Owea 
New  Harmony  for  tbis  species." 

Ivhthyohun  cyancUuH  Nelson,  Bull.  Ills.  Mus,  Xnt.  Tlist.  i,  1877,  p.  49. 
**  Blae  Ifiitfdlo.  A  number  of  specimens  of  tbis  species  arc  in  tbe  sti 
collection,  from  tbe  Illinois  river,  and  iu  Prof.  Jordan's  collection,  Ui 
tbe  Mississippi  at  tit.  Louis.  Tbe  following  is  tbe  description,  tttk 
from  several  specimens,  measuring  from  8  to  OJ  Incbe-jt  in  lengtb  : — 

''  liead  about  3^  in  lengtb.  Deptb  2^  to  5-ti.  Kye  ^  to  r>j  in  be 
Dorsal  I,  30.  Anal  1, 8.  Ventnds  10.  Lat.  1.  38.  Longitudinal 
7-5  to  7-0.  Body  compressed,  bigb.  Anteriorly  broad,  compm 
bebind.  Longest  ray  reacbiug  18Mi  ray.  Pectorals  sborter  tbau  v 
trals,  botb  sborter  tban  bead.  Aual  scarcely  reacbiug  caudal ;  bi 
vury  sbort,  bigb  and  tbick  ;  its  tbickness  '^  lengtb,  deptb  1{  in  leug 
Moutb  quite  small,  oblique,  and  overlapped  by  a  sligbtly  projecti 
BDOUt.  Mandible  sbot-t,  4  in  bead.  0|>erele  becoming  wrinkled  ir 
age.  Bead  small,  sbortand  tbick  ;  muzzle  obtuse,  eouie,  not  twie^  t 
lengtb  of  eye.  Anterior  ray  of  dorsal,  in  type  from  Illinoii^  riu 
sligbtly  nearer  snout  tbau  base  of  caudal.  In  specimens  from 
Louis  the  dorsal  is  about  equidistant.  Color  a1)ove,  light  steel  blue 
adults,  bect>ming  ligbter  below.  Young  lighter  with  distinct  atri| 
along  tbe  rows  of  scales.  Although  tbe  speries  is  descrilwd  from 
cimens  but  nine  inches  loug,  wbea  full  grown  it  undoubtedly  wauA 
similar  dimensions  to  its  congeners." 

BuMk'htht/H  altutf  Nelson,  MSS.;  Proc.  Acid,  Nat.  So.  Pbila.  la 
74. — "  Tbis  specimen  is  very  deep  and  much  compressed.    Xbe  bac 
much  arcbed  and  tbe  profllo  desceu<!s  steeply  in  front  to  end  oT  ai 
not  forming  an  angle  with  it  as  in  many  species  of  Ichthyobui, 

»*  Depth  ttf  body,  2J  in  lengtb;  head,  4  in  leuKtb;  greatest  thlokn 
of  biHly,  IJ  in  lengtb  of  beiid^  depth  of  bead,  1}  in  it.s  lenglli;  wiil 
IJ  Iu  lengtb.    Eye,  5}  in  bead,  2}  in  iuterorbital  space,  which 
little  rounded. 


BUBaLICHTIIVS    IfRUa. 


20y 


lino  perfectly  strai^rlit  from  npper  edf^e  of  opercle  to  caudal. 
oSealw,  8-33-^.     Dormi  1. 25 ;  A.  1. 9. 
**Ci>lor  in  «ptrit»,  <lull  yellowistj  olive;  Hun  dtisky. 
"TypCMfWTiiiKMj  V2  inches  loiit^,  in  WU.  State  Museum,  from  Cairo, 
;ilHjioi>.'' 

61.  BUUALICUTIIYS  URUS  Agasaiz. 

Biff-moutlud  Bvffalti.    Blaeh  Buffait*.    2fongnl  Unffalo. 

•9f  JmhtodoH  nlffer  Rafikesqib,  Jonnial  dn  Pliyeiqov Fbila.  421.    (Eotiroly  an- 

ft  CaXattMnu*  Higer  RAriNKftQTm,  Icltth.  Oh.  SC,  1930.    (Unrfoofrnizablo ;  more 

Uk»!y  VfcteptnM  ehfiffatut,) 
^mhalickthft  niffer  AOAdSlz,  Am.  Jouni.Sc.  Arta.Sd  iteriea,  xix,  195, 16&5. 
itahaUchtkg*  mgrr  Jouvax^  KiaheH  of  luil.  22'^,  IcjTo. 
Jtmhiitifhihg*  nigrr  JoRpAN,  DnII.  Buffalo  Soc.  Nat.  Hist,  95,  ie7& 
BvMichthyt  ulf/er  JoRTMN',  Man.  Vvrt.  '29S,  1876. 
iul»at.rj,it,>f0  nitjrr  Nm^ox,  Bull.  No.  I,  UK  Mop.  Nat,  Hiet.50,  IWO. 
ji  nifjer  JohimN  &  CorKLANU.  Check  List,  155, 1876. 

J - .'<;/«  uigtr  JoRiMN,  Pfoc.  Ac.  Nat,  Sp.  Phila.  75. 1W7, 

ButflioiitSjfii  niffer  JoHDAS  A  GtutKltT.  in  Klippart'R  Rept.  53, 1876. 
i  :/»  miger  Jokdan,  Cnll.  V.  8.  Nnt.  Mqh.  ix,  34, 1^7. 

i-       .  .-.  yj  i(t(^«r  JotiDAS.Mau.  Vurt.«I.2J,32:i 
•Cmrpiodew  itnu  AOA«SIZ,  Aiu.  Jouro.  6c.  Arte,  355. 

"/•  nriu  AOABMiz.  Am.  Jonm.  8r.  ArU.*24l  ftorles.xix,  193, 1855. 
..•/•  wni*  PcTSAM,  Bull.  Muu,  Conip.  Zool.  Ifl,  isai. 
Bmbniirkthp,  iirva  JORDAN,  Flsfaea  of  lad.  332,  1875. 
Antefichtikf*  vrM  JoROAM  ^  CorRZ.ANi>,  Check  List,  158, 187& 
'JUiMichtkjfM  lMna»y$  AaA»4iz,  Aiu.Juui-d.Sc.  Artfl,24l  flotitw.xix,  195. 
/tnMfirMA^  ^ofta«tt*  Jordan  A.  Coprmnd,  Check  Liafc,  15d,  lti76,  , 

TAT.— Hinaiauppi  Valley,  ia  the  larger  strooms. 

lb  U  an  abunUant  a|>ecies  in  the  Misaisfiippi  and  ita  larger  tribata- 

It  i>  very  Ui-stiiKit  from  the  preeediog,  almost  intermediate  between 

"htkyn  huhalwt  mid  Ivhthyolnin  hubnlus.    It  may  indeed  be  necessary 

(•  anite  ibeiie  two  genera  on  account  of  this  species. 

TtM*  (jneittion  of  tho  name  which  should  be  l>ome  by  this  species  is  a 

lit  one.     Inasnmch  as  Rafincsqnu's  C.  nigcr  was  known  to  him 

\fX\\  the  accotiuts  of  Mr.  Audtilmtif  a  grntleman  known  to  have 

|lit3it«I  afircml  praciioul  jokes  on  the  too  crcdnlous  naturalist,  and  to 

kw  les«l  bloi  thereby  to  describe  and  name  several  im()03sib1e  animals, 

to  real  description  whatever  is  given  by  Uafinenque, 

Ibo  name  mgvr  can  be  used  only  on  the  authority  of 

Iz,  and  ao(  ou  that  of  UatlneBquo.    That  being  the  case,  tho  name 

Ban.  N.  M.  No.  lU— 14 


210     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOOY — IH. 


uriM  of  Agassiz,  which  noqaestionably  belongs  to  tbia  species,  baa 
year's  priority  over  niger,  and  is  really  the  first  tenable  name  applied  ti 
any  species  of  UnhaJichthyt.    Theori^nal  nccoant  given  by  R;ifine,M|tie 
bis  CatOHtomua  niger  und  that  by  Professor  Agassiz  of  bis  BubaUchthx 
UTMS  I  here  appeud.    Agussiz's  descriptions  of  iJ.  niger  and  B.  bom 
have  been  previonsly  given  under  the  head  of  the  genus. 

CaiostomuH  (Ict\oh\t«)  niger  Raf,  Ich.  Oh.  p.  56. — "Entirely  black;  \bX 
eral  line  straight;  1  have  not  seen  this  flitb.    Mr.  Audubon  desenbea 
as  a  peculiar  species  found  in  the  Mississippi  and  the  lower  part  of  th( 
Ohio,  being  entirely  similar  to  the  common  Buffalo  fish,  but  lar| 
weighing  upwards  of  fifty  poundsj  and  living  in  separate  schoola." 

Carpioda  unu  Agassiz,  Am.  Jouni.  8ci.  Arts,  1854.  p.  355. — •*  Fpoi 
the  Tennessee  River.    It  grows  very  large,  weighing  occasionally  froi 
30  to  40  pounds.    The  body  in  this  species  is  not  so  high  as  in  C.  cppi 
nujij  nor  is  it  so  compressed  above;  the  st-ales  are  also  not  so  high,  but 
more  angular  behind,  and  the  anterior  portion  of  the  dorsal  is  not  so 
elongated.    The  gill-cover  is  larger,  and  the  distance  from  the  hiud  bor- 
der of  the  eye  to  the  inferior  angle  of  the  snbopercle  near  the  b«se  of 
the  pectorals  and  the  distance  from  the  same  point  to  the  superior  an^l 
posterior  angle  of  the  oi>ercle,  are  nearly  equal.    In  C.  Cffprinita  the  di«-    , 
tunces  differ  by  nearly  one  third.    The  suboporcle  is  not  triangular,  bat^ 
its  hind  border  is  nearly  regularly  arched  from  the  up|>er  angle  to  thi 
posterior  angle  of  the  interopercle.    The  anal  has  its  posterior  uiargli 
full  and  not  lunate ;  the  caudal  is  not  so  deeply  furcate  as  in  C.  cyprim 
The  ventrals  do  not  reach  the  anal.    All  (Ins  are  of  a  dark  color.     I  ai 
indebted  to  Dr.  Newman  for  this  species." 

I  fonnd  no  specimens  of  Bubaliohthyg  wrus  in  the  collections  of  tbe 
United  tiiatos  National  Museum. 


I 


52.  BUBALICHTHYS  MERIDIONALI3  {Quniker)  Jordan, 

CfNiraf  American  Buffalo. 

:l«rognatkua  meridionali*  GUNrueit,  Tnuin.  ZcmI.  Soo.  p.  — . 
SelercffruHkuM  mrridwnnliji  GlNTllKS,  Cut.  Fishes  BriL  Mua.  Tii,  St3, 186& 
HA.BrrAT. — Rio  tTenmociaU,  Ouatetnula. 

I  know  nothing  of  this  species  except  from  GUntherM  desoriptii 
From  its  remote  locality,  it  is  probably  distiuct,  bat  tbe  4le«rrip( 
shows  no  eitpecinl  difference  from  B.  bnbotv^,  unless  it   bo  that 
body  is  slenderer.    The  following  is  Dr.  Giiutber'*  acooant; — 

M  B.  29^0.    A.  10 ;  lat.  1. 38,  L  transv.  7^7^.    Month  stnaU,  inferii 


OENOS     ICHTHYOnUS. 


211 


•lightly  c*>rrag:att*d.  The  height  of  the  body  is  cotitaitied  thrico  nnd 
noi» third  or  thrire  ftud  onefoarth  in  the  total  length  (without  ciiiulul), 
1'*njsth  of  thu  heud  foar  times  or  four  times  nnd  a  half;  hend  not 
longer  than  high.  Eye  rather  small,  one  fifth  nf  the  length  of  the 
and  two  thirds  of  that  of  the  snout;  suborbitals  narrow.  The 
or  dorsul  rnyn  are  not  mnch  produced,  bein^  nhorter  than  tbo 
Caodnl  fln  forkwl.  The  origin  of  the  ventral  fin  is  vertically 
the  fourth  dorhal  ray.  Pectoral  fin  not  extending  to  the  ventral. 
1W»»  »re  five  longituUiual  series  of  scales  between  the  lateral  line  and 
tW  root  of  the  ventral.  Coloration  aniforro.  Pharyngeal  teeth  very 
lerooR  and  small,  increasing  somewhat  in  size  downwards. 
"Rio  UsninaciDta  (Gatitemala)." 


Genu8  ICHTHYOBUS  Rixfinesque, 

lUnnicsii^iiK,  Journal  de  PbyHiqiics  tie  Cliymie  ot  d'llistoiro  Nitturelle,  Paris, 
«ttJ«(lU.    (Part.) 
friWiM  BAriMKstgru,  Idi.  Oh.  \'*2<i,  p.  :>:>.    (An  flub|i;eaas  of  CatMUm^ta.) 
«•  Ao4&AiZf  Am.  Juiirn.  S«'i.  ArtN,  l^rk'i,  p.  193. 
AmlUtdon^ubaUa  Hannc«(|a>'. 
ElynUjDf .  (|my>  feJt ;  /3otf.  bull  or  biidfalo;  i.  f.,  bafl'iUo-flsh. 

Ucad  very  large  and  strong,  wide  nnd  deep,  its  length  3J  to  3J  in  that 

(he  body,  ita  upper  surface  broad  and  depressed ;  eye  moderate, 

'liolly  anterior  in  position,  the  middle  of  the  head  being  entirely  behind 

MborbiUil  tmncM  pniportionately  narrow;  foutanelle  large,  well  open; 

If  Hppar;itn»  largely  deveIoi>ed,  the  subopercnlum  broad,  the 

ilom  broad,  strongly  furrowed. 

Moath  very  large  for  a  Sucker,  terminal,  protractile  forwards,  the 

liiMle  of  the  premaxillarieH  rather  above  the  line  of  the  middle  of  the 

re,  the  pu«(terior  eilge  of  the  maxillary  extending  about  to  the  line  of 

itrila;  mandible  very  strong,  ublique,  placed  at  an  angle  of.  45 

or  more  when  the  mouth  is  closed,  its  posterior  end  exteudiug 

bfjond  oppoflifo  the  front  of  the  eye,  ita  length  a  little  less  than  one- 

iln!  that  of  Che  bead.    Lips  very  little  developed,  the  upper  narrow 

'■rely  nppreciabhs  the  lower  narrow,  rather  full  on  the 

It  '!  to  a  narrow  rira  in  front,  entirely  destitute  both  of 

fapilhr  and  plicse;  jaws  without  cartilaginous  sheath;  muciferons  sys- 

te«i  of  bead  well  developed ;  isthmus  narrow ;  pharyngeal  bones  in  form 

klfnne<)late  between  thoAe  of  darpiothti  and  those  of  Bubalichtftys,  the 

't  mrlkoo  of  the  arch  stuudiug  outwards,  and  presenting  a  porous 


212     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NO&TH  AMERICAN  ICnTHTOLOOY III. 


fieT 


outer  luargiu.    The  [)eduDcle  of  the  aympliyBta  is  much  longer  propo 
tioually,  uud  more  pointed  than  in   Garpiodes  and  Buhaiichihyii,    Th 
teeth  are  very  numeroas,  Hmiill,  thin  and  compreKsod  in  Carpiodes^  bat 
the  lonrer  ones  are  gradually  larger  than  the  upper  onea.    Their  inner 
edge  is  Blaming  outwards,  and  not  uniformly  arched  ns  in  Unhalichtkyt^ 
or  trnncateaa  in  Cycleptu^^  the  innermost  margin  rising  sotnuwhat  iu  t 
shape  of  a  projecting  cusp.    Gill-rakers  of  anterior  arch  long  and  sic 
above,  bt^coming  shorter  downwards. 

Body  beai'y,  robust,  not  especially  arched  above  nor  greatly 
pressed,  the  form  somewhat  ellipticul,  the  depth  2^  to  3}  in  the  leag 
of  tho  body. 

Scales  large,  thick,  nearly  equal  over  the  body^  their  posterior  ed 
somewhat  serrate,  the  lateral  line  well  develoi>ed,  but  not  as  distinct 
in  Carpiodcsj  slightly  decurred  anteriorly,  the  number  of  scales  in  itn 
course  30  to  42;  13  to  13  iu  a  transverse  scries  from  dorsal  to  ventral 

Dorsal  fin  with  an  elongate  basts,  its  number  of  rays  25  to  3U,  th^ 
anterior  rays  somewhat  elevated,  their  length  about  half  that  of  the 
base  of  the  fin;  caudal  not  mnch  forked;  anal  fin  uot  much  eleva' 
its  rays  about  0  in  number;  pectorals  and  ventrals  moderate^  the  latter 
with  about  10  rays. 

8exuul  [peculiarities,  if  any,  unknown.    Coloration  dork,  uot  eilvery 
above  dusky  olive;  lower  fins  more  or  less  black. 

Air-bladder  with  two  chambers. 

Size  very  large. 

The  claim  of  this  group  to  generic  rank  has  been  questioned  by  Pro-, 
fessor  Oope  and  others.    The  differences  in  the  pharyngeal  teeth 
perhaps  hardly  sufUcient  to  distinguish  it  from  CarpiodeSj  but  at  preseo 
lam  inclined  to  think  that  the  great  development  of  the  mandibi 
which  forms  a  large  aud  terminal  mouth,  amply  sufilcient  for  generi 
distinction.    The  rclatious  of  the  group  to  BubaliehthyH  are  doubcl 
in  reality,  closer.    Ichthyohw  bears  much  the  same  relation  to  Buiya 
UchthpH  that  Chmmutes  does  to  CatottomuH^  aud,  so  far  as  tbe  mouth 
concerned,  but  in  a  greater  degree,  that  Erimyzon  bears  to  MtHytr, 
aud  Placopharyttjc  to  Myxontnma,    The  head  of  Ichthyohm  is  much  targei 
and  stonter,  and  the  whole  body  more  robust  and  leas  compressed  tluiii 
\\\  Carpiodei,    I  know  from  autopsy  but  a  single  species  of  lehthtfnbuM, 
X  has,  however,  been  described  uuder  several  ilifTcrcnt  names.     Bo  fi 
is  known,  the  genus  is  coufined  to  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  o 
species  having  been  recomled  from  the  Great  Lakes,  or  (torn  any  k 


Eg 


GENrS    ICIITHYOBUS. 


213 


rut  flf  tbe  AtlogbitnieH.    No  members  of  the  anborilers  OyclfptiruB  nnd 
B9halithtkffin<e  are  knovrti  from  the  Uuited  StHtea  west  of  tho  battiu  of 
Rio  Gninile. 

was  first  deacribfil  urxler  the  Oiime  of  Amllodon* 
of  lUfiuesque,  1451D,  is  bused  on  tbe  same  bpecies 
m  bis  letiobuM  of  1820.  The  uame  ^m/f/orion,  however,  was  given  in 
Alluion  to  tbe  pharyngeal  teeth  of  HapUndonotHB  grunnietis^  popularly 
wppo^etl  to  be  tbe  teeth  of  the  Buflalo  ti»h,  the  presence  of  which  teeth. 
vassoppoeed  t4j(]iHtiiigui8h  Amblotlon  from  Catostomu^.  This  error  waS' 
iOervanls  discovered  by  Katioesquc,  aud  tbe  name  Amblodon  trana- 
iHTvd  to  the  S(M;enoid  ti»h.  As  AtModon  of  RaStiesque  incladed  the 
pnaetit  genera  Maploidtmotuti  nud  Ivhthyobujtj  erroniously  confounded, 
oa  tbe  diacovery  of  tliis  error  its  author  restricted  tbe  name  la 
TtpMdvnohuif  I  think  that  we  are  jostified  in  retuiuin^  Ichthyobtat 
of  Amblodon  for  tbe  genus  of  CatOAtomoids. 

Generic  Chaructrriiatitmt. 


ijaitov*-*^  Rsfinosqac,  1@1M.— '*  16.  A»uixti>ON.  {Abdominal.)  Diff^reot  da  gem 
Macboirc  iDf<$rieare  pfiv^u  ilv  deou  osseaHC's  scrr^fMt  nrrondiea,  &  coaroDne 
~heA  puUBOUH  do  c«  geure,  qui  aboudent  duuB  I'Obio,  lo  MiwoDri  et  lo 
IfMlMtvi'l.  ft*>ni  i\'mUTH*a6vB  jiar  li^  noni  vulgniru  de  UuHaloe-Kuh  (Poiason  boofOe)] 
M  Im  Knujpou  de  U  Looiaiiuie  lee  nutniueDt  Picouoau.  II  y  un  ft  pliiBiours  «0p6c«»  (|dI 
fVTWDOfiDt  •oavent  a  udo  til's  gr()66e  tftiile.  l«i  dcoxsoivanU  babitoot  daua  TObio, 
^B>  J.  fii&a/M.  Bran  olivdtre  jiftle  deaaoua,  Jodm  blauob&trea.  D.  Sd,  A.  12,  P.  16,  A.  9,j 
^^^^L  h'J.  migrr  uit  eDlibrvuiciDt  000*;  tons  d«nx  oot  la  liguu  laldrale  droite,  queae 
^^^^■ifUlc  txooqo^  fetto.    lis  Mtit  trlM-boDB  iV  tnanger." — (UAyiMKSQUB,  Journal  de 

knoecri  Kafluecqao,  ISSM). — "  Body  oeorlj  cylindrieal.    Dorsal  ftn  «loDgnt«d,  abdoiu- 
tul  Ao*  wlib  nino  rayB,  toil  bilobed,  oomtnooly  equal." — (RjLnxESQDB,  Ichtkgologia 

Icsthtohjs  Aguslx,  ]S55, — "Id  the  form  aod  poailion  of  the  flaa,  as  well  as  in  tbe 
pmtnl  ovlliae  of  ihe  body,  tbU  genus  is  very  nearly  relate<]  to  liubatichtk^t  but  in  tbe 
tftMCaKeof  the  partu  of  thu  bead,  it  is  quite  ditwimilar.  Tbo  month  opeoa  directly 
fciWftiJa,— J  ia  lvB«  and  round.  Tbe  lipe  are  floiall,  smooth  aud  thin  ;  tho  npt>cr  ou« 
M  W0k  thicker  than  Iho  iDt^nomxillary  itself,  and  tapers  to  a  nairow  edge.  At  the 
Ifapbysis  of  tbe  lower  Jaw,  which  Is  larger  than  in  any  other  geuus  of  this  group,  tbo 
Up  U  baldly  aioro>  than  a  thin  membraue  cunucoiiug  its  Muall  lateral  lobea. 
"Ha  •y*  la  acBall,  and  the  opvrcalar  pieces  very  large. 

**TW  aealis  bavi?  maiiy  narrow  ratliating  farTOws  upon  tbe  anterior  field;  none 

tbv  tattfal  Aiddn,  fow  upon  th»  lOArgiu  of  the  poHterior  field  aod  these  not  ex- 

to  tbn  ovnlnn  of  nullation.    Tithes  of  tho  lateral  Hue  straight  and  simple, 

■osfly  In  tb«  middle  of  (he  posterior  field. 

*fWiy«ie«al  l«ou«e  am  neither  tint  «s  in  Carpiodet  nor  triangular  ae  iu  Bu^aiicktkj/tt 


214     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — ni. 

bat  proeent  an  intemiediate  form ;  the  onter  taiilace  of  the  aiob  standing  outwards 
and  presenting  a  porons  outer  margin.  The  peduncle  of  the  Bympbysiaia  much  longer 
proportionally  and  more  pointed  than  in  Carpiodea  and  Btibali6htkg»,  The  teeth  are 
Tory  Duraeroas,  smallf  thin  and  compressed  as  in  CarpiodeSf  but  the  lower  onea  an 
gradnally  larger  than  the  npper  ones.  Their  inner  edge  is  slanting  ontwaids,  and  not 
nniformly  arohed  as  in  BmbalUilUhj/$  or  tmncate  as  In  Cyo2ep<««,  the  innermost  margin 
rising  somewhat  in  the  shape  of  a  pxctjecting  cnsp.''— (Aojiflsiz,  Awt,  JoHm.  So.  Afi$, 
1855,  p.  196.) 

IcnTHYOBUs  Cope  &  Jordan,  1677.—"  Body  oblong  oval,  oompreased ;  dorsal  elevatad 
in  front,  of  30  or  more  rays  ;  fontanelle  present;  pharyngeal  bones  narrow,  with  the 
teeth  relatively  thin  and  weak;  month  large,  sabterminal,  protractile  forwarda." — 
(JOBDAN,  Proo.  Ao.  Nat.  So.  Pkila.  1877,  p.  82.) 

ANALYSIS  OF  8PBCIXS  OF  ICHTUTOBUS. 

*  Body  robust,  moderately  compressed,  the  outline  somewhat  elliptical,  but  the  bai^ 
rather  more  curved  than  the  belly ;  depth  2^  to  3^  in  length :  head  very  large  and 
thiols,  3^  in  length  of  body  :  opercniar  apparatus  very  strong,  the  opercnlam  itatdf 
forming  nearly  half  the  length  of  the  head :  scales  veiy  large :  developed  rays  of 
the  dorsal  27  to  29;  anal  rays  9;  ventrals  10 :  scales  7-37  to  41-6:  coloration  dott 
brownish-olive,  not  silvery ;  fins  dusky :  size  very  large,  reaches  a  length  of  neariy 
three  feet  and  a  weight  of  20  to  30  pounds bubaluS|S3. 

53.  lOHTHYOBUS  BUBALUS  (Rajinesque)  Agastiai. 
Eed-moutk  Buffalo  Fiak.    Large-mouthed  Buffalo. 

1818 — Jmbhdon  bubahia  Rafixf.8QUE,  Journal  de  Physique,  421. 

CatoB^omua  bubalun  Rafinesquk,  Am.  Month.  Mag.  and  Grit.  Rev.  354»  1818. 

Cato9tomu8  buhalua  Kafines<jCK,  Ich.  Ob.  55, 1820. 

Ji'tbyobuii  biibaluB  Ao.vssiz,  Am.  Jonru.  Sc.  Artu,  2d  serioa,  xix,  196, 1^5. 

lvtht/obii»  buhalH$  JoititAN,  Fidbes  of  Iiid.  222,  It;?.'). 

Ichthaobus  bulHiluti  JoitDAX,  Bull.  Btiflalo  Soc.  Nat.  Iliut. 95;  1876. 

Idhyobiis  hiibalHH  Jokdan.  Man.  Vert.  20c?.  lr?7G. 

Icthyobuii  bubiiUm  Nklson,  Bull.  No.  1,  Ills.  Mus.  Nat.  Hiat.  49,  lcf76. 

IcthyobuH  bubaluB  Jokdan  &.  Copkl.isd,  Check  List ,  15i?,  1^6. 

Ictbtfobuti  bubaliiH  Ji>RDAN  &  GiLDEKT,  ill  KlipimrtV  Ri'pt.  53, 1676. 

lvthy,ibn»  bubaliiti  JoKi>AX,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Thila.  72,  ltf77. 

hthjobuH  hubalttg  JoiiUAX,  Hull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu».  ix,  34,  ld77. 

Ichthtfobtis  bubaluH  Jordan,  Man.  Vert.  ed.  2d,  322. 
lS44—ScUrognathH9  niprinella  CrviKit  Jk  Valf,nciexnes,  Hist.  Nat.  des  Poisaons,  xvii, 
4;7,  pi.  r>lH. 

Svhrvgmitkua  cyimntlhi  ^torkic,  S> nopst^, 42^^,  ld4G. 

Ichlhyobaa  njpriuiUa  Agassiz,  Am.  .luiim.  Sci.  Arts,  196,  lSi5. 

Sclerognathua  cyprintlla  GCnthkr,  Cat.  Fishc8,  Brit.  Mns.  vii,24, 186& 

Ichthtfobug  cyj'rinclla  Ioudan,  Man.  Vert.  VJS,  lfl7»i. 

Ickthyobua  cyptinella  Jordan  &  Coprt.vnd,  Check  List,  158, 187& 
185G — Icthj/cbua  raticMi  Agassiz,  Am.  Jonm.  Sc  Arts,  3d  series,  xiz,  196. 


ICQTUYOBUS    BUBALUa 


216 


Mf9¥u  rmmchU  PtnSiM.  hall  Mob.  Corap.  ZooL  10, 1863. 

fi4kjpo*««  rHM4>Mi  JijRtiAS  A.  CopKUhXD,  Cheok  Lttit.  158,  Ih;0. 

i»i^fokm*  ntmckii  Jordan  A  Oilhrrt,  in  Klipparl'H  R«pt.53, 1876. 

IMkfobuM  rttuckii  JottUAN.  Mun.  Vurt.  «1.  '2*1,  '.i2'A,  Ir^rH, 
lA<-JfA|aJhfl0  utattryl  AoA^six,  Am.  Joum.  Sc.  Artit,  2tl  neries,  xix.  l^. 

ktifthmm  •toiteyi  Jokhan  A  Copbland,  Cbfrck  List,  15t?,  1876w 
US^kikftUt  faoAyru*  NKtw.N, MSS.— JoBi>AN.  Proc.  Ao,  HixL 8c.  Pbiln.  72. 

/i  iljjliit  jMAifnu  JuuuAN  Al  Ci>ria.AM).  Cb(x:k  List,  158, 1876. 

/rCAyw^Af  iacMgruM  Jokuak  &  UiutRirr,  iu  JCti|}part*8  Kept.  5:i,  187G. 

ItktM^iu  itckjfrm  Joiu>an,  Man.  Vort.  ed.  2d,  323, 187H. 

BauTaT,— Ubauaippi  Valluy  ;  f^nerally  abniidunt  in  tba  larger  streunH. 

An  tajunination  of  a  Uirge  serieH  of  wide-monibed  Bnffalo  fishes 
the  Obk),  Waba.sh,  Illinois,  and  MisHissijipi  Rivers  has  (sonvincpd 
tnir>*  to  my  previouj^  impresKioos,  tbat  all  belong  to  a  single 
It  ia  Dot  absolutt^l^'  ct^rtaiii  whHt  K^flneHqiie^n  Catostomutt 
Wi««.  It  iM  perhaps  ao  likely  to  have  been  a  specien  of  B\tba 
ifirtf*^  M  Mppoaed  by  Dr.  KirtliittU,  na  an  Tckthifohus.  1  bowever 
Utov  Profetijior  A^assiz  in  idoDtifying  it  with  tho  pre^nc  species, 
v^kL  iiiyaC  tbo  FatU  uf  IbeObio,  wbere  RaUueHque^H  collectioDH  were 
fmAtbf  probably  the  most  aUuiidunt  of  the  Buffalo-fittbeB.  Neither 
RaAni-Mjatf  nor  I'rofo^fwr  Agneitiz  has,  however,  recognizably  desoribed 
tW  »pecie7&.  In  ojy  Mamiat  of  Vertebrates,  in  X870,  I  gave  a  short 
Kcoaot  of  Tchtht/itffUM  ^M6a/M«, drawn  from  two  large  specimens  takeu  iu 
obnah  River  at  Lafayette.  nesi4le8  these,  I  have  numerous  smaller 
mena, obtained  iu  the  Missi.ssippi  at  Saint  Louis.  As  these  iliQered 
li  the  greater  comprussiou  of  the  body  aud  higher  fins,  I  have  identi- 
tbem  oa  belonging  to  Ichthifobits  tauchii  Agassiz,  an  ideutiflcation 
hMli  I  NtiU  think  eorre<;c  Iu  1877,  iMr.  Nelson  described  an  IchthyobuH 
mhfruM,  from  Mackinaw  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  lUiuois  River,  uear 
Peoria.  Uis  typicuil  8iHH!imen  was  very  stout  and  deep,  and  at  the  time  I 
ttlMKbt  with  him  that  it  was  probably  distinct  from  I.bubalus.  Lately  1 
^  IWF*tN?<?Meuabl<Hi  tor<>-cxaminoihetypeofi.  fAcA^rasiutbeStateMusentii 
^Bf  lltiaota,  anil  to  compare  it  with  a  numerous  series  from  the  samO' 
^Bbnlity.  f  foand  it  possible  to  establish  an  unbroken  series  among 
^RIMb.  connecting  the  nominal  species  which  1  bud  termed  buhalun^ 
fUscAii,  and  UchyruH^  the  difl'erences  separating  them  being,  in  my  opiu- 
diH»  either  to  dtfferenv«s  of  age  or  to  individual  peculiarities.  As 
II  of  any  importance  has  been  ]»ublished  of  /.  ntolletfiy  I 
>k  hyn<»nym  of  /.  bubalus.  I  know  nothing  whatever  con- 
iL    Iciitktftfbtu  Gt/ancfluM  Nelson,  us  below  stated,  is  a  species  of 


216     CONTRIBTITIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERlCA|r  ICHTHYOLOGY UL 


u  b«  Jl 
IS  v^t 
oodM 

•a  B 


Bubalichtkys,  The  deacription  of  Scleroftnathus  eyprinella  ValeucioDD 
rofers  priDcipnlly  to  the  peuerio  features  of  these  Qshes.  It  agrees  fuU 
with  /.  bubalusy  except  in  the  number  of  scales  above  the  lateral  liue, 
.1  (liil'erenco  doubtless  duo  to  a  differeuce  in  the  place  or  the  mauuer  of 
making  the  count.  As  no  sjieciUc  characters  are  known,  and  as  the  Icit- 
ihyob:i^  bubohis  doubtless  aboutids  iu  the  Lower  as  iu  the  Upper  MisHis 
sippi,  I  refer  i.  cyprineUa  to  the  synonymy  of  1.  bubalus^  tbe  original  tyj 
having  probably  been  a  young  specimen  of  that  species.  Thia  apecies 
perhaps  the  largest  uf  the  CatoHtomidw^  reachiug  a  weight  of  20  to 
pounds  and  a  length  of  more  than  two  leet.  The  young  ("  %Mchyru9^) 
sold  iu  the  Illinois  marketa  under  the  uumo  of  Red-mouth  Biiffhio, 
the  adnlt  being  called  simply  Ifuffalo.  A  species  which  1  sapiHwe  lo 
the  preueni  one  I  have  seen  lakeu  iu  immeutte  numbeis,  by  means 
seines,  in  the  Mississippi  River  at  Burlington,  Iowa.  The  tiesh  is  g 
although  not  first-rate.     It  is  rather  coai-ssef  and  is  lull  of  umall  bones. 

For  pun>oses  of  comparison  I  bere  iidd  the  original  descriptions  of  &i 
cyprimUat  1.  rauchii,  i.  MoUe}fiy  and  /.  hchyrtut  t —  1 

ScLRROONATHDa  cYPRJARLia  ValeDcieoueB.— "  Rien  ce  roe  semble,  d«  jotitlfiu  mlcrnx 
1ft  B<^i»»mtioD  des  solt^rognatiiw  do  genre  dea  Cato«toiiif(i  que  I'utipfece  doot  Jo  viub  ilonimr 
usl  la  dtuoription.  Avee  ane  bonche,  formtfe  commo  ciUlo  du  $cl^o4^athiu  qipr\nu$^  doqi 
rojODB  roiirerturu  iH>rt6v  au  bunt  dii  lautMiau,  la  ttivrti  iofdrtQure  pluo  longtiu  qiiv  la 
HUp^rioure,  ol  piu-  couavqucut  il  u'y  «  pltu  do  pouibilit^  d'employer  In  boucbo  poor 
tfucer. 

"Ctt  poUHon  a  le  oorp«  Maex  nemblable  an  pr^c^dent  \_Sctert>gna(hu*  cypHnua']\ 
banteiir  est  trola  fola  et  uu  tiers  dans  sa  luuguuur  totulo  ;  la  lougticiir  de  In  ititxt  y 
comprific  quatre  foU  et  demio;  I'mil  cat  putit,  ot  sur  Iu  Imut  du  U  jouo,  lo  dUun^tx^e 
couteoti  oinq  foin  et  an  iivXB  dana  la  tdce,  ct  deux  dioni^trea  et  demi,  donuont  la  uic 
de  rintorvnllA  entro  Ie»  deax  yimx  ;  In  di-«.tim  iJu  cidnt-,  convert  oommo  &  l*unliuair< 
d'uriM  )H5uu  uuo  e«t  njotns  oouvexu  ;  Itw  dvux  ligmfo  do  purv«  soul  trachea  k  I»nr  pli 
onlinairB,  et  aoni  ainneuoea,  eomme  oellcs  de  t'eap^oe  prtfc^dente ;  ropereole  eat  atrt^ 
bomb6  et.  eat  plaa  grand,  ce  qui  rend  le  Aona-ojierculH  pina  petit  qnedans  Ta  . 
rognaibe.    L'on  aent  lea  iutertnaxilIaireB&ri>xtr<^iu)r6  supi^rieutudn  muMenn,  >^<  <ti 

ou  Iftvrp  iTde  mince.     L'iufdrieure  eat  moiua  6paiHM,«l  le  nombre  dee  jnpiUiai 
faiblo.    La  doraole  a  Iu  iu6uiu  furmu  qiiu  celle  do  I'autre  eaptee;  mala  I'auola  tmC  plw: 
potutuu;  la  oaadale  e«t  ^*bancr45o  et  large. 

"D.33.    A.ie.oto. 

"Lea  <^aiIlM  toot  bcaucotip  pint*  pctiti:'*;  j't-u  comply  (luunmto  n  tn  '    '■    \ 
cAl6a;  dix  iw  daMQfl,  et  aept  an  dewona  dc  la  lignn  lat^ralr,  qni  c«t  ((trui;     . 

"  La  oonlear  eat  on  <lur^  verdAtre,  aveo  leu  oa^olres  plus  fonc^^an. 

"Notre  ludividii  vaK  long  de  nepl  fwiu^ra ;  il  viviit  du  Likc  PnntrJianrain.*'— ^VaUOV* 
ClKNMUi,  nut,  yat,  c2r«  PoImb.  xvVx,  pp.  477-47VI.) 

Ilhthyobch  nACciiii  Aganali^— *' D«>r<)al  miicU  higbcr  tUan  in   /.  (•u&aiu*,  all  «4luR 

IM"*   lIHIi'l!    InriJlT.    nii.t    ti|rt   witliMi    utM"!)     IflifiiiT    ((.Lit'     litliir   ■     frrtiii    Hii  t  II  rii^riiM       1'llt5. 


J 


MYXOQYPRINCS   ASIATICUS.  217 

iGnBroBUS  tntotixTt  Agauiz.-^"  Body  higher  than  in  lehthyobus  rauckii,  profile 
ilnpif,  and  hence  snont  blunter^  opercular  bones  larger;  fins  proportionally  of  the 
■■e  die.    Fnm  Osage  River,  Missonri." 

bSTBTOBUS  UCHTBUS  Nelson. — '*This  is  a  very  stont  and  heavily  built  species- 
Aipth  S4  ^  length ;  head  extremely  brood  between  the  eyes  and  bat  eligbtly  convex ; 
ilikogth  3}  tnnea  in  length  of  body ;  snont  short  and  ronnded,  opercular  apparatus 
\Mg»'i  depth  of  head  U  in  Its  length ;  width  of  head  li ;  eye  6f  in  head,  1}  in  snoot,  4 
m  iaicnrbital  space ;  ooadal  peduncle  a  little  deeper  than  long ;  scales  7-37-7,  nearly 
ttitem,  a  little  crowded  anteriorly,  finely  punctate ;  flnu  all  small ;  dorsal  1,27 ;  anal 
1,8^ Uaiili  olive  above;  yellowish  below ;  fins  blackish." 

ijpsoimnu  in  United  State$  yational  Mwteum, 


Knhsr. 


Locality. 


Collector. 


99774 


Illinofa  River  at  Peoria  (very  large;  typical  of  bttbalua) 


S.  A.  Forbes. 


Genus  MYXOCYPRINUS  GUI. 

Jfyueffrimtu  Qiix,  Johnson's  Cyclopssdia,  p.  1574,  1878. 
Cmfiaim  el  Sderognathua  sp.  Blebkkr,  GOnthkr. 

Type^  Car^ode$  aaiaiicui  Blocker. 

E^mology,  ftoiaut  to  sack ;  idnrptvoc,  a  carp. 

This  genus  is  known  to  me  only  ^om  Dr.  Bleeker's  description  of  its 
typical  species.  Whether  it  differs  from  its  relatives,  IchtkyobuSj  BvhO' 
iiektkytf  etc.,  in  any  other  character  than  the  obvious  one  of  the  great 
iDcreaHe  in  the  number  of  its  dorsal  rays  and  the  smaller  scales,  I  do 
BOt  know.  In  any  event,  bowevt^r.  its  right  to  independent  generic  rank 
ii  anqaestlonable. 

Generic  CharacterisatiOHt. 

Mtxocyprijcl'S  0111,  1878. — "  Mifxocyprinue  is  a  name  proposed  for  the  Carpiodea 
■liitinn  of  Bleeker,  which  is  distinguished  by  the  niultiradiate  dorsal  and  unni  fins 
(c  f.  D.  58 ;  A.  13)." — (Gill,  Johttifon'g  Ct/clopttdia,  Appendix,  p.  1574.) 

M.  MYXOCYPRl>'US  ASIATICUS  [BleeJcer)  Jordan. 

iiM—CarpiodfM  atiaticiu  Blbrker,  Nederl.  Tydscbr.  Dierk.  ii,  19. 

JkUroffmatkua  anatioua  Gt^NTiiiCK,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  Mus.  vii,  23,  18G8. 

Habrat.— China. 

My  only  knowledge  of  this  species  is  from  Dr.  Bleeker's  original  de- 
MtiptioD,  which  I  here  subjoin  : — 

"Caitiodbs  ABIATICC8  Blkr. — Carpiod.  corpora  oblongo  conipresso,  altitudine  *2i 
tasia^lMloDgltadiiM  absque,  3|  oirciter  in  longitudine  corporis  cam  pinna  candall, 


218     CONTEIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMKRICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY— III. 


done  Tuldo  elevato  maxime  couiprewo ;  latitudine  corporis  S^  ciroiter  ta  ejaa  altita- 
dioe;  capito  obtoso  5  fere  in  JongitudiDo  coqioris  absque  6  circitor  in  loagitoUma 
pons  cum  piDoacanduU;  ocdHs  in  media  capitis  loogitudiue  siUSfdiiuuotra  5  lirci 
in  longitodioe  capitis,  diamotria  2}^  circitcr  distantibus;  linoa  ru6(ju-dun»ali  vurticc  e^-^^ 
fhintodeclivl  recliuaoala,  rostro  valde  oonvexa;  BoribuB  orbitiD  approuniaiia, 
rloiibaii  vnlvula  cluudcndiit;  ro«tro  obtnao  trancutinacalo  voids  carooan  unto  rictiai 
prominent«  ;  lablia  valde  caruoaifl  papitlulis,  inferiore  lobia  puram  productici;  umicsc 
orbitoli  anteriore  sat  louge  &nt«  orbitam  ftito,  soaphibforuti,  duplo  circiiur  longii 
qnani  alto  apice  acato  antiorsum  spectaQto;  oaae  aaborbitali  2°  obliqae  tetragc 
nque  alto  circiter  ao  longo;  oaeibas  Buborbitalibtu  eeteriitgnicilibnB  oonli  dijM 
quadrajilo  ctrcttor  humilioribas;  oporouln  duplo  cirrit«r  lUtioreqnam  luto  miLrgioil 
posteriore  et  iufuriore  convexo ;  o«ae  scapulari  valde  brevi  ut  obtuao ;  owibuii  pbar; 
gealiboB  compresBla  eat  validis  oltioribna  qaam  latis,  dentiboa  30  ad  60  conipi 
corona  vnlgo  unituberculatia ;  Hquamiji  dimidio  liboro  et  dimidio  baaali  snbmdia. 
Btriatifl.  TfO  in  liuoa  lateralis  24  iu  neiietransveniall  abaquo  ventralibus  inflmia  qaac-i 
13  liDeam  lateralnin  inter  et  iuitinm  pinotn  doreolls ;  aqitftmie  linea  lAt«ruU  i* 
medio  iMiiur^uutiH  ;  liuea  latoralia  oiuKuliti  iMjtiAUiiH  tubulo  siuiplicu  niiiri;)uem  a^i 
mamm  tibenim  atlingoutu  ootutn;  pinnis  doraall  ot  aunli  buAi^  vagina  b<iuamoa»  _d 
clnaa,  dorsal!  baai  non  mnlto  ploa  qne  2  in  loogitudlue  totiaa  oorporia,  longe  a^^H 
ptnnas  veuualoe  incipionte,  autice  valdu  elcvata  corporv  vix  bnmiliore,  acota,  Txa^^n 
emargiiiuhi.  medio  et  poetioe  corpore  qnadnipio  circiter  bamiliure  radio  poatico 
aDAlipoaticosnboppoeito;  pinuls  pectorulibna  rotandaloa  oapito  longioribna,  veti' 
lea  nonattingeutibne;  ventralibua  acute  rotiindatiapeotoralibaa  non  mnlto  brovioril> 
analem  lion  attiugootibuB ;  au&H  voriwro  minus  duplo  bumilion*,  duplo  nUiorcqii 
boei  longa.acutioBcnle  rotnndatADOD  emorginata;  candali  prof  node  emarginata  lo 
acotia  4t  ci^rciter  in  longitadiud  corporis;  colore  coriioro  loivesoento-ohTacco,  pita 
fasco  vel  fusco-violaceo. 

"B.  3.    D.4-49.    P.1-17.    V.  2-11.    A.  a-II  veH-IO.    C.  UlO-1  el  lat  brer. 

"Hob.    Cliina. 

"Longttndo  specirainia  de«cripti  GOfl"'. 

"Rem.     L:ipr<t»euce  deCatostoininl  dans  lea  eaux  dc  I'Asio  nrientaleosi  an  fait 
Gorieux.    Tilesioa  dfji\  en  avail  fait  connoltrc  nn  rcpr^^aeotuut,  vivant  duns  \a 
vyma,  dan«  le  L6d&,  I'Indigirca  et  le  Dogdo,  capdoe  qn'il  nomaia  Cypriuoa  msux^' 
qae  M.  Valenciennes  rebaptisa  Catoatomns  Tilesii  vt  qui  pnrair.  Atro  on  Aoouini*.     ^ 
oelte  espi'cc  (Stait  juaqu'ici  la  seule  dn  groupe  qu'on  aavajt  babiler  l'A»ie,     Vt 
twCnelle  pronve  rexiateooe  dana  lea  flenvea  de  TAaie  orieniale  d'nue  aeconde  espjK?*^^  ^ 
groaiie  el  elle  appartlcnt  manife«t«ment  an  genre  don t  la  Carpi<xlt«<'> 
type.    MaiA  t^lle  e«t  romarquable  purmi  tous  lea  poissoDsde  lii  dtvinion 'i 
<CarpfodosR&£,CycleptusBaf.,  Icb(byobaBRaf.,etRubaliebthyftAg.)pnr  aoodua 
€[iiv6  et  anguleax  et  par  Ba  trtft-lou^nc  doniale  h  ]ilus  du  ui)  ruyona.    C'aat  nn 
^miDeimncnt  dietiucte  qu'iin  uu  [Hiurrftit  uonfundre  avuo  aucuna  dm  M|4oi 
oaiuea.'' — (Blfjsker.   NoHcrs  nur  Qurlt/uet  Gmrea  et  Btipice*  rfc«  CMmnotdei  ifr 
<Xcrin-raR(fi>cA  r^jd^krifl  vow  de  Oicrktmd^,  1804,  li>  pp.  19-21.) 


:».  <j±iA»JU.i»Tiji»  1j1UKU»  joraan,  sp.  nov. 

Big-^MOuiJied  Sucker  of  Vtah  Lake, 

UhtumUiet  feeundus  Jorjdam,  Ball.  Haydeo'ii  Geol.  Barv.  Ten.  It,  No.  3, 417.    (Not 

(Mottomtu  fecundus  Cope  &  Yarrow.) 
Ukatmi$U$  fBcundus  Jordan,  p.  150  of  the  present  work. 

ce  pages  149-151  of  tbe  present  work  were  in  press,  I  have  care- 
recompared  Cope  and  Yarrow's  description  and  figure  of  their  Oato- 
ifeeunduSf  and  my  notes  on  their  typical  specimens,  with  the  speci- 
on  which  the  genus  Chaamistes  was  based,  and  I  have  come  to  the 
ision,  hinted  at  in  the  text,  that  the  ChasmUtea  is  a  species  distinct 
C.  fiottrnduSy  and  thns  far  undescribed.  Tbe  specific  name  liarus 
smooth;  ^/}of,  border)  is  therefore  proposed  for  it,  in  allasion  to 
Dooth  lips. 

28(6).  OATOSTOMUS  FEOUNDUS  Copedt  Yarrow. 

Sucker  of  Utah  Lake. 

OaUmomuftoundua  Copk  &.  Yarbow,  Zool.  Lieat.  Wheelcs's  Expl.  W.  lOOtb  Mer. 

678,  pUte  xxxii,  figs.  1,1a. 
latotUmutfeeMMdue  Jordan  &.  Copeland,  Check  List,  166,  lr76.    (Name  only. 

Not  Coloftoniw/eciiiuiM  Joidao,  Boll.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  xi ;  nor  Ckamitie^feoundu* 

Jordan,  Ball.  Hayden'a  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  ir.Ko.  2,417.) 

TAT. — Utah  Lake. 

Stated  above,  I  at  first  identified  Chasmuies  Horus  from  Utah 
with  this  species  from  the  same  waters,  the  two  being  very  sim- 

I  ti%  «na1«i8  anH  flna    nnH  iha  ffwm    rtf   tha    mnnth    anri    anAiif   in  tliA 


220    CONTBIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. 

lytical  key  to  the  species  of  the  genas.  If  the  upper  lip  is  narrow,  with 
few  rows  of  tabercles,  it  will  Dot  be  easy  to  separate /ecundiw  from  teret. 
If  the  lip  is  broad,  with  many  series  of  tabercles,  it  will  be  approximated 
to  C.  occidentalism  differing,  however,  in  the  larger  scales  (about  60  in 
the  lateral  line,  instead  of  72).  I  therefore  qaote  the  original  descrip- 
tion, and  leave  the  relations  of  the  species  to  be  finally  settled  at  some 
fatare  time: — 

"  It  is  a  trae  Caioatomut  having  the  parietal  fontaoelle  well  marked  and  widely  opaa. 
The  head  enten  in  entire  length  5  times,  the  diameter  of  the  orbit  6  times  in  gx«atert 
length  of  aide  of  head.  The  insertion  of  the  dorsal  fin  anteriorly  is  nearer  to  the  ood 
of  the  muzzle  than  insertion  of  caudal ;  the  ventrals  originating  below  middle  of  di»- 
sal.  The  width  of  the  dorsal  to  ventral  enters  the  entire  length  to  insertion  of  caudal 
6  times. 

"  Radii :  D.  1^13.  A.  1-8.  P.  7.  T.  11.  Bcoleaare  in201ongitDdinal  rows  fiou  tin 
insertion  of  the  first  dorsal  to  pectoral,  and  in  60  transverse  rows  from  bnuiohi»  to 
insertion  of  candal :  they  are  elongate  and  octagonal,  smaller  on  dorsal  nglon,  and 
larger  on  ventral.  Body  elongated,  sobfusiform.  It  diifers  from  C.  {Aoommt)  gmurotm, 
Gir.,  in  many  particulars,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  following  oompariaons. 

**  Girard's  species  has  no  fontanelle ;  is  shorter  and  narrower;  the  diameter  of  orUt 
enters  greatest  length  of  side  of  head  5  times  instead  of  6.  The  anterior  losertioa  ai 
dorsal  fin  is  equidistant  between  the  end  of  the  snout  and  the  insertion  of  the  candal, 
while  in  C.  fecunduSf  it  is  nearer  the  end  of  the  snout  than  insertion  of  candal.  His 
ventrals  iu  C.generosua  originate  under  the  postexior  third  of  the  dorsal ;  in  C./eeuudiu 
under  the  middle  third  of  the  dorsal.  The  radii  in  C.  generottu  are :  D.  10,  A.  2, 7,  P. 
16,  V.  10,  C.  27 ;  in  C.fecundus:  D.  12-13,  A.  1,8,  P.  17,  V.  11. 

"This  species  is  abundant  in  Utah  Lake,  and  is  called  'Sucker'  by  the  settlers. 
They  rnn  well  up  the  rivers  to  spawn  in  Juno ;  feed  on  the  bottom  and  «a<  tpawn  of 
better  fiuh  ;  spawning  beds  on  gravel ;  bite  at  hook  sometimes ;  are  extremely  nnmer- 
ous,  and  are  considered  a  nuisance  by  the  fishermen,  but  they  meet  with  a  ready  sale 
in  winter,  at  on  average  price  of  2^  cents  a  pound." — (Cope  &.  Yarrow,  I.  o.) 

S}>€Cimen8  in  United  Statc9  yatiimal  Museum. 


Number. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

12^94 

Utah  Lake 

Yarrow  &,  Uenahair 

do 

Do, 

BIBLIOGRAPHY, 


TbefollowiuglistconipriHesRll  the  works  known  to  the  writer  in  which 
o«r  ft]tecleft  or  genera  of  Cafostomida  are  indicated,  or  in  which  original 
JcteHpCioDs  aro  given  of  genera  or  species  previously  knowD.  Id  general, 
I teve endeavored  to  inclnde  all  papers  in  which  anj^thing  of  importance 
w  ftdded  to  or  auhiracttd  from  the  buiu  of  our  knowledge  of  tUcso 
ftikea:^ 

(JohuReLohoId),   [Ve»cripi\tm of CtfprinuBtatontomu^Tonter.]    <Philo- 
I  Tr»iii«M:rn)nB,  vol.  63,  Londoo,  1773. 

LCtiPbDB  (Bernard  Oflnuain  ftdenne  de  la  Ville-sur-nion,  Comtede).  Uistoire 
?kit«iWIe  dea  Poisftotu  pnr  le  Citoyen  La  C6p<~'de,  momhre  do  I'luHtitnt  narioDal. 
•C  Prnfeawnur  dn  Mii*)^iiiu  do  biatoiro  D?itui'clle.  Toniu  premier  h  oimlui^me. 
4  riui«t  ebez  PlnsdAn,  inipMrreur  librnire,  Rne  du  Cimeti^re  AodrMeH-Arcc.  Ko. 
10.     I/an  VI  de  la  K^iiiibliqiiv,  —  1708  [~  L'nn  XI  de  la  Kt^[)tibli<jue,  i.  e.  1^03]. 

ffi— m^liiUB  at  1«  CTi>r1a  cntoatntnu,  Cvprinw  ealottomut  Forat«r,  Le  Cjprtn  atiuniorsoaieD, 

(lUrk  EUewr)  and  SCHNBIDER  (Johaun  OotUob).  M.  E.  Blochil 
DttrtorteMadician  BeroUncnflio,  et  noci«tntibDM  Ht«rarliH  mullltt  idscripti,  Systeraa 
Ichcfcfttlogia  iooQJbiu  CX  illustratnin.— Poet  obitum  aiictoris  optu  iDcUontum 
Ataolvll,  comxit,  'rnlurpolavit  Jn.  Gottlob  BcbueiUer,  Soxu.-Bcrolini,  (inintibus 
Aatur)*  inpliMMnni  et  bibliopoUo  Sanderiano  ooiDiuuienai,  IBOl, 
{DmvipCMi  «C  C)nfriMi»  Mfu«e»nHU  yontot.J 

TUXSIUS  ( — >.    **  PUctnm  Camtacbutcicoram  deaoriptioDM  et  ioonea.     <  M^m.  Ac. 
J*.  M.  i*^t«»b.  I  and  III.  IHIO-lHil." 
;l>wcri|>U«iu  ati'l  flfiun  ul  Cyprimu  ratlnttut,  a]!,  iiov.,  fhim  EMtera  Siberia.] 

PAUkAB  (PflbD).  Z.oogTtk\tbia  Romo  AaiaticasiflUnflOmninm  Animalinm  in  extenao 
ImjMfio  fiamico  et  adjac^Dlibus  maribaa  ob(»er>'atomni,  receiiftioDeni,  doaiiollia, 
BAT**  ^t  4Mcriptionea,  Aiifttomea  atqtio  icooee  plnrioiorem  aactore  Peiro  Pallw, 
S^  A«r.  Acwdaniioo  Pvlruptiiitanu.  Volumi'ii  tertium.  Putropiili,  In  ufflciuu 
C»M.  AeadenlM  8«  IrntiAriim  Imprt^M.  MDCCCXI.  Edit.  MDCCCXXXI. 
(DMaortyiko  «f  Cifprinut  toatrttita  ijaotrd  from  TilnHiu*.] 

JOTCKZLL  (Bamttel  Latham).    The  FUh«a  of  New  York  Deacrlbed  and  Arraoged. 
<Traii8actioDa  of  the  Litemry  and  Pbiloaopbical  Sooitity,  Nov  York,  1611. 

iCiifrimmM  Inw  and  CypwinuM  MonffUM,  ip.  bht.  ) 

■UBUB  (Charloa  A..)  A  new  KeiniFi  of  Kiabea,  of  the  Order  Abdoniinoles,  pro- 
poanl,  aoder  tiie  nainn  nf  Cati»Mtomii» ;  and  tbe  cbariict«ra  uf  ililo  Keuiis,  with  tboae 
•fito«pMl«a,lndicfttu<l.  Uy  C.  A.LvSuvnr.  Reoil  Septoiober  hi,  1817.  <JoDn)al 
If  Um  Ac»dc>tuy  ot  Natural  Scioocea  of  Pbiladolpbia,  vol.  i,  1817,  pp.  68-90  ODd 

[t>^«rfkr«  f1mta$bfmuf,  gm.  niir.,roil  the  fnltowiDgiiPW  ■pcclcA.  nuwt  of  wblcb  arr  Ofured:^0. 
Wi  m$.  fl  gibhomu,  O.  tubrrmtflhta.  C  mruvntrjiiitntuM,  C,  aurroltu,  C.  mmmuniM,  C  lynffimitrvm. 
C»igrv>a*K  C.maeuUmt*.  C,*lvnoattiM,  €.  nif.iru*  ''.  (/u^wirfftii,  C  hiHtumimau,  «tiil  f.  hnd»vH\ut.  C 
i«ia  iK4i*k).  r.  tklmguM  (Mltct.1.  ftinl  C.  mrc/fa  <  Uc  }  ore  aUo  ilrwribcd.  Tbiii  pniior  u  nti  «xe«l- 
tH««a\aa4  amiparw  fkvorablj  «lth  dhmI  Ifaal  huaatDca  bi-aa  wrlUeo  on  UiUi[rua|>.) 


222     COhfTRIBCTIONS  lO  NORTH  AMEttlCAN  ICHTHYOLOOV — lU. 


RAFINIiSQTTE   ( Coiutantloe   Samuel).     Dtsooverica  In  Ktttnnl  7l\»iaty 

during  a  Journey  through  the  Western  Region  of  tbeUnitt'd  States  by  ConptanUna^ 
Saiuui>l  Rat]neAqiio  K»(\.    Adilre^ooil  t^  Samntil  L.  Mitcbilt,  PrevUlcot.  nml  nthf^^ 
Diemliors  of  the  Lyceain  o<  Naturftl  History  in  a  lelior  dat«d  at  IxittiftviUt*.  Kail 
of  tlio  Ohiu,  2i)tb  July  1^1^.     <  Anioiicau  Monthly  MugiiziuH  aoil  Critical  RcvLofrJ 
Now  York,  Soptomber,  1818. 

fDcMrripttonof  CiatoftoiRiufrtiAci/iMiuid  OatMtammten/lJmtmM,  m^  tmv^  miA  aottwi  of  Ibii  ditto*- 
fry  at ib» '•  Ckiv"  " CatattomHs  mturopt^nu"  and  tbe  "Saoker"  Otfoitomiu  dttfUMwi.] 

Description  of  three  now  genera  of  flurlatilo  FUb,  ronu^ri*,  .Siircfcir*M  and  Ad»-] 

glanum.     By  C.  3.  Ralinoaqno.      Read  Dec-enibor  IaI.  i&   8ib.      <  Jnnrntil  of 
Academy  of  Natural  8cienc««  of  Pblladelpbia,  1,  ISlH.pp.  4l7-4»2. 

ll>iSieTipUoa  o{  Exofflotaum  iUvpenteiwm)  tmu:roptrrttm ;  aalt);uDU«  «iiil  0pe«le«  ooir.I 


—  Prodronin  dn  70  nonveanx  Genres  d'Animanx  d^Sooorerta  dana  riuMriear  dea 
fiuta-Unisd'Amrfriquo  dnrant  ronD<?o  WIR.  <Jonnial  de  Cbymle,  d«  Phyaiqno 
etd^Histoire  Naiurelle,  Paris,  June.  Idl9. 

(DeKTiirtioo  of  AmModoti.  gco.   bov.,  baifd  on  tbo  phMyan^nbi  (>f  Sapiaidomtins  {rrM*nhMu 
em>n<v>niilv  nacribed  to  a  HniKilo-fiiib,  vrilb  tboiipeelra  A.  bubalus  iui<l  ^1.  nifftr,  »i:  uuv 
CifeleptuM  A^^roKciu,  sen.  ot  sp.  bot.  ] 


4 


KtAC^PilDE  (Bernard  Oermaln  ^tienne).     IIiHtniro  Naturt^llo  dea  Poisaons,  par 
]*•  ComU*  Lucijpi'do,  sniti>  et  cotnplffmeDt  dcH  (Euvres  dc  Buflfun.    Tomo  cioqaiJUni 
nrer  vingt-trois  nonvelltw  planches  eo  taille-donce.    Paris.  Rapot,  Rno  Saiot- 
Andr<S-dca*Arcit,  No.  10,  £dil-eur  du  Tuniplu  du  la  Otoire  on  lea  FaaUn  Militaira 
de  la  Franco,  ouvra;;n  lu-fulio,  aveo  fi;{nrea,  1819. 
(A  reprint  of  Lac*i»^lc'»  wtirk-l 

RAFINUSQITX:  (Conatantine  Samuel).     IchtbyoloKia  Ohiensia  or  Natural  inatoryj 
of  tbft  Fidbes  Inbabitinj;  tbe  Ktvur  Ohio  and  Its  trtbntary  slreaus.     Preceded  b] 
D  pbymcal  description  uf  tho  Ohio  and  it^t  branchi^s  by  0.  8.  RoBnosque,  Profs 
ut  Botany  and  Natural  History  in  Tr^a.Hylvania  Untvnrbity,  Antbor  of  tbo  Aoo-^ 
lysiH  of  Noturi'^  (Sec.  «&.<'.,  membttr  of  tb«  Litorary    and  PbiloHopbical  Sooiuty  oj 
New  York,  the  HUtorioal  Society  of  New  York,  tlio  Lyceum  of  Natnr.il  History 
New  York,  the  Acudemy  of  Sciences  of  PhiludtOpbia,  tho  Aiuerit^^n  Aiiiii|uarlati] 
Society,  the  Royal  Institute  of  Natural   ScieDcea  (/Naples,  the  Italiuti  Soetttl) 
of  Aria  &  ik-ienoe«,  tho  Medical  Societies  of  Lexlnj^toit  and  Cineintiall  Arc,  &.< 
The  art  of  Beeiug  well,  or  of  distiugni(»biui;  wi(b  accuracy  the  ol^eota  which  wi 
perceive  \h  a  bifcb  fwMilty  of  the  tuiud,  unfolded  in  f«w  individnals,  and  deapiiK>< 
by  those  who  can  ooitber  acquire  it,  nor  appreoiatv  ita  rdaulla.     Lexiof^u,  Kon< 
tncky,  printed  for  the  Antbor  by  W.  H.  Hunt,  (price  one  dollar), — i&-iO.    (1  vol 
8to.    UO  pp.) 

[OH^DADf  pHntM  111  the  Wmufo  Rerlev  juiil  MlacelbuMiKis  Ma^iikiimi.  L«ikiv  -  >ttt)|^ 

lisV.i-W.    It  ouDlulflB  ilc«crl|>tionH  of  lb«  fjeovrik   itiid    apLysiM  Qf  CiifA»hmt(  t'  (f)ii 

Stver,  tboy  boinu  rrtem'A  to  lbr«e  fmtmrm,  Oalagtamus,  Offiifptu$,  and  Hyptmrtium,  ino  jptoiu' 
Outottomiu  )k<Iqs  t|ivii1o«l  Into  fivo  n«w  ao^AHMra.  JCaawitama.  IfiOobrnt,  ObryfaAM,  TWvXbIim. 
#itryvfOTft«w,  Aiiil  DtiMftiftuM. 

Ttii>  Mldwiiifc  tM  the  amuigetDeot of  the  apoelos  «)«aortliMl>— 


IBS  CATO*TOaCH. 

■rfaaKliias>.ainr. 

Sabgcaoa  Jfonrt'nna. 

(aaoloJaria,  a|ik  oar. 

sulaema,  ap,  nov. 

nrythniruK 

aiilMopteraa,  ap.  aov. 

flvmiatia  ap.  aor. 

BabgrnoB  SftMt/m* 

SabRsava  JMoyHMHia. 

bubal  tia. 

nl«or. 

Sabceoua  ZfMoaVtea. 

Sabfvnni  OtrpM**. 

•liHiasBal 

cari'trt,*!*  nov. 

Q«auB  CTCLUTia. 

Tfillfrr,  ap.  Dii». 

nlgmwao^ 

lauUl^po^  Hjt.  nor. 

0«saa  itrnurnuJUM. 

8Qb|:«uus  Terttattu. 

IBSlaiK>pa,«p.llOT. 

i 

BlDhlOOKAPHY. 


223 


^^^^^^    (Johot.     [Kratiklin'ii  Jmiinnl}     1823. 

ttMl*t4taui  of  OUothnmu  fontrrimiit%.$,  ifi.  dot.,  and  Catoirovivf  U  nmirti.  »\t.  nov.,  nod  notes 
-  -mmm  otkar  afwctM.  ] 

t'M&a-Hnnwh-AaiencnDa;    or  the  Zodlofn^  of  Ibo  Nortliero  Parts  of  ISritiab 


ijMCk*,  eoDtAtuiii^  ittwi-riptioiia  uf  tlii"  objvottt  uf  Nataral  Hiator;  tolloctcd  oai 
tW  kal^  Northern  Luml  KxptulitioDs  undt^r  contmund  of  C»ptu>ii  Joliii  FninkliDi' 
S.X.  <4b.     B;  JohnKicbartUon  M.D.  1\  R.  S.F.  L.8.iueiubttr 

*f  <W   '  '  (y   of  Loutloti,  nnil   the  Wcrneriaii   Nuturid   HiaU'ry 

8ttci»^j  o(  kAiiubtiTiih  ;  liuiionLr.v  Member  of  the  Nuliiml  Hwtory  Sot'ti-tv  of  Mont- 
Ita).  sad  Litonir)'  nod  Fliilo»opliical  i^ocioty  of  C^uobec,  Foreif^  MeniUer  of  the 
Oaogfvphlcul  8ootet5'  uf  Parts ;  »ud  Corretip«>ndiiig  Member  of  thf«  Aeadcuiy  of 
Satvnl  Scittnccd  of  Phlladflphia ;  ftiirfceoii  and  Xatarulist  to  the  Kxpeditinns. — 
Blviimtetl  by  uumeroaH  plates. — i'ablisbed  iioder  tbo  anlhority  of  thu  Rij;;bt 
Boc)Gr»hlo  tb»  Si'i-rttlnry  uf  Statu  for  ColouiiU  Afl'aits.  Loudon :  Kichard  Itcntloy, 
Hmw  niirlifigtoii  St.  MIJCCCXXXV]. 
l(.^»tjia«  doOm«  <fT  <1*>«<:rlptloiu  of  Oatoitotnus  hudioniu*.  O^/orHtriamu,  0,  aurtotui.  Cntgf^ 


2CIRTUAND  (.Jaied  Potter).    Report  on  the  Zoology  of  Ohio,  by  Pnif.  J.  P.  Kirt- 
buHl,  M.  L>.     <f^rc«>nd  Attnnal  Report  ou  th»  Oenlogieal  Survey  of  the  Statu  of 
Ofaio,  by  W.  VV.  Mulher,  Priucipul  Gcidogist,  uud  ibc&crcrftl  a«ai8liLuiti.    Culum- 
:  SMnuol  Meii»ry.  Priulvr  lo  thu  Stiite.    16315. 


2CIRTL 

m 


■  {(^■UlnffiH'  of  FlBlii-fl,  pp.  1AS-1~0.  Knu«  (ill  «p«deB  itimUonc^,  pp.  1M>-iti7.  ^flnn  apeelM 
f*fcn««l  to  CalottomttM  *r^  tncladnl,  oa  M\avi:~Telifer  Raf,,  mureatu*  Lti  S.,  elonffnttu  Lb  8., 
Pfctfwowtf  L»  tk  #f|rffcfwr>i#  Raf , .  bviMlu*  lur,  <7rtfeUM  Klri.,  mrJono^vi*  Raf.  mfTrdn*  L«H.,  and 
Jfypwnttltyai  iwfi^p<*niwi  Itaf.  '-  0-  fratim  Ktrt.  [«p.  Dtiv.]  la  briefly  chmnuiiirliifyl  us  illstlvitulabMl 
I7  Ub>  ■Htilt»WM  of  tljo  kcaJi'B  utt  \\m  auUiriur  purt  uf  the  body,  aud  aa  tliu  w:ulaa  niiptuanli  tbfl 
aiMtal  fla  ih^  laervaac  10  a  uicdioui  liio  "  (/.  c  p<  103).] 

^^TOSSR  rDavId  Bumphreya).  A  Ru|Kirt  on  the  Fishes  of  Msssachnaetts.  By  D. 
^H     Hittiiiil4tv><i  Suifor,  M.  D.     <  Bofituu  Juiiiiml  of  Nittiirul  Hist^iry,  vol.  ii,  IcCtlt,  pp. 

^^^^P  (ttraorlptloM  of  OWoffomw  gthhomt,  C,  tvhtreulatuu,  O.  niffrif^n*,  and  C.  b—tonittms.] 

I  KXRTLAKD  (Jarcd  Potter).  Deeeription  of  the  FUhe«  of  the  Ohio  River  nnd  ita 
^v  Ttiltuc«t#«.  By  Jured  I*.  Klrtlnnd,  Profenor  of  tbn  Theory  and  Praction  of 
^H  MMkHoo  In  the  Mdltcnl  ColIey.«  of  Ohio,  at  Cinciimnti.  <  Bo«iou  Journal  of 
^f     *  lii-v,  1H4(>-Ii^l'l. 

^H  CatatiopuiM  aure*tb$M,  C.  nminiuaii,  €.  tmhahu,  C.  tiottffatut,  C  dttqusmi, 

^^L      1Z.«AM»^^  C.  lAc^dAvjM,  C.  iNlfi1«aiu.  aod  ScUfoi,nathus€ifpninu.\ 


itri  tho  FlaliMi  of  Ohio— in  Family  Visitor  and  in  Annnls  of  Science. 

'<r<  apMLlv*  frmti<1  In  tlic  vlciaity  of  CtpTclnnd,  ^th  flsara*,  nioflt  of  ibcto  tt<tm 
in  hU  "Fluhtw  of  t1)<i  Ohio".     CatoMtirmuit  praciUK,  sp.  imv.,  also  Oalottomtu 
,  ftMi  4r*f>  ibrd  to  the  prvTloa*  pnper.  hero  OmcrllMMl  aotl  OifDrcd.] 


TBOaCPSON(2adook).    FiBbni  of  Vermont.   =ChttpterV.(pp.  127-ir.I).    <Nfttorftl 
-  llMlorT  of  Vpnnoeit  )n  lliKUuy  of  Vtntiont,  Nuturnl,  Civil,  &.  Stutlaticul,  by  Rev. 

^H      ZftikMck  Tti"^  jion,  Vrrinont,  1842. 

^H         III— itjili'i  'jprinuf,  C.  oUonjTW  <=  If.  tmaent^fldwtmm),  €.  ttrtt,  C.  nS^Heam] 

'  CUVUIR  (0«orsM  01ir<tleo  Leopold  Dagobert)  ami  VALENCIUNNTS 
vAolMUvV  Hiitolfo  N»t«r»?Ui'  dt**  roiMi>U9  \n\z  M.  le  B.""  Cnvit-r,  Pair  <!<■  Fnuin?, 
OoAd  OSeter  tl«  I4  L^giuo  d'honneur,  Conaeiltear  do  Tfitat  et  au  Conseil  royal 


224    CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGT — lU, 

CUVIER  to.  C.  L.  DOand  VAIiBNCIEUq^NI]S(A.)-Continned. 

de  riiiBtnictiou  publiqiie,  I'uu  dun  (|uuniuttt  de  rAcadt^mie  frauv-jusc,  AaaociA  lil 
de  rAcaci^ude  dos  ItoUeft-LctlruSr  twor^tnire  |>cq>«tuvUo  do  oollo  deft  ScImk 
Meiiibre  ilva  Souii^t*^  ut  Acud^uiifs  royrilefi  do  LuiulreA,  du  Uerliii,  de  P(^t-i>mhoni 
do  Stookholni,  de  Turiu,  de  Omttingao,  dea  Payft-Una,  de  Manich.  do  Mud^uu,  vU 
parM.  A.  ValoDciennes,  ProfeBseiir  du  Zoologie  an  MiiHdam  d'Hitttoirc  untucvU 
kMDbro  de  rAcad<$inie  royalo  do«  Soiences  de  BtrUa,  do  U  8ooi6t<^  Zoalugique 
LiMidn?),  ttc    Tome  dix-wtpti^me.     1942.    (Cjfpria&tdta.) 

[lyematipilout  at  Oatottomut /itidmnia*,  C./oraUHanm,  C  auMt(,  0.  gthbtmu,  O.  tubffvmtmlim,-^ 
man^yUjiUtotut,  C  aurtottu.  C.  onnmun'J,  O-  (on^rmenm,  C.niijritanM,  C-  tnaevtonu,  C. 
O,  i-irtatiiM.  O.  duiitumilt,  V.  bottonittuis.  C  Rtpm,  C.oMentut,  C.  fuetatuM  (up.  not-.t,  O. 
{mp.  uuv.f,  O.  earjtio  (mp.  nov,},  C.  tUani  <ip.  Dovj,  SeUfOfftuUKu*  (it«m.  uov.i  cypHtuts,  /irkroyiMlAar  I 
^/priatUa  (up.  nov.),  aod  ExagUutufn  MaaenpierHnL.  Tliu  vnluine  mu  writleu  aCLsr  Uto  ilMifa  if  , 
Cuvlflr  by  Viilt<Dvlooit«ft.] 

DBKAT  (James  B.)    Zoology  of  New  York,  or  tbo  New  York  Fauna;  eompritii 
diTladfd  drflcriptionaof  all  Ihu  unimala  bitherta  obnerved  witliiDtbe  StatK  of  Ni 
York,  with  notices  of  Lhose  occasionally  found  near  ita  borders,  and  aoconipanii 
by  DitpropriAte  illiistrattuus.    Uy  James  K.  Dekay.    Part  IV.     Fiitbed.    AM 
printed  by  W.  He  A.  WbtU^A:  J.  Viiwubor.    \^\'l. 

(l>BKrltiU»iiii  uf  LtUftv  tUffttnt  tip-  iinv.),  Labtc  oUonffut,  Lab*"  typnniu,  Labn  gUlMtus, 
Mpptw  {r^iL  iiov  ),    OifixloMtM  e»mmuitt4,  ColottomiAM  nnriita  (up.  uoT.).  Catuttomut  fi<rMvmi«l 
OatmUnmuM  palliiitu  (sp.  nov.),  OtttutntHUM  Mireohui.  Ctto*totnu4  nijrUaia,  Catottomut  muter 
ttnttu  uiih  iiittinna  i>f  otbcr  ■prcin«.    tii  \\w  AppetuliK.tko  name /^ote*  «liNi0«tiu  isaBXxa«u4i 
aalntilutt'  lur  i.«i&M)  vMnti^tu,  lo  prervat  coofnalOD  wllli  Labmi  tUongut  C^  A  V.) 


BECKEL  ^Johann  Jakob).    Abbiblnogea  ond  Beaohreibungoa  der  Fiaoha  Syi 
nubnt  etcer  neuou  Clawtncatimi  and  Cbamotoristlk  silmnitlicbcr  Oattunfpeo 
Cypriuen  vnn  Johitnii  Jakob  Hcrkel.  lusiiector  am  K.  K.  Hof-NaiurAllrnkabli 
in  Winn,  utohr.  |*i*lehrt.  Gesellsch.    Mitgrunl.      Stntl^rt,   K.   SrhweixertHirtI 
Vi'rtuK>*lmndliMii;.     184:).     pp.  lOll.     (=  pp.  IK»1-IU09^  Kusaeggtira  Retaen.) 

[CooiftiDi  a  clairtaaatloa  af  tba  Ol/pr^idm  aceordlBK  to  thtJr  t— tt  i  ooiydaaaf  i 
bviBjC  illTiiM  iHitiTMB  QgtertMiwi  aud  ieAyrufMtoit.«u,  gi>n.  dot.,  earrMpoBAtBg  to 
aad  CsfetrpiuutL    TSo  allosloD  Is  made  lo  Um  OuMieMtXjftma.] 

8TORBR  (David  Damphreya).    A  SynopBia  of  tbe  Fiabea  of  North  Ai 
lUviil  ilnnipbreyH  btorur,  M   D.,  A.  A.  t?.,  Vice  president  of  Ibc  Boatoo 
NndM'id  Iliatury;  llenib«r  uf  (bo  Amrrieau  PbiluArpkical  Siiciely.  Cornwpoodl 
Mvmber  of  tbu  Aoodomy  of  Nnlurnl  BcienceH  uf  Pbiladulpbia,  ote.    Caml 
Uetcalf  tl  Company,  Pnntent  to  tbe  Unircraliy.    l^ti.    (Kcprioted  froniMi 
of  tbe  American  Aradcmy,  ii,  l^^G.) 

(ririer  tlMrripllotia  of  97  aomtoml  apecloa  <rf  Ortwf  wmj.  two  of  &'«r«|^«AiH,aa4  Obt 

rrroiiMmalj  to  i.>»j>B<»ww.] 

AOAS8I2  (Lonla).    lAkeSnperinr:  ila  PbyiiiealCbaiiiot«tr,y«|Cvl«lioci  awl 

compurt'd  wiib  Ukmm>  of  otber  and  almilar  regionts  by  Louia  Agaaois,  nilL  a  aai 
live  of  tbe  tour  by  J.  Klliolt  Cabot,  and  eoolribotiona  by  otJier  acienti^c  gml 
men.  Klegantly  illuatratedt  Boston:  Gootri,  Kendall  and  Lincoln, 59  Waaijii 
Slreoi.     l^iO. 


(OMcrtpiino*  nf  aaireral  flpwrt**,  wUk  tioM*  ftod  mnaHni 
Dtrw  >p«-4  Ira.  sbtl  lbs  aaBM  C./nwtgfi0»aM  iiaetl  tfl  •  Srw  aattM 


€^ 


aaa 


BAIRD  ^apenoer  Pollertoo)  aod  OIRARD  (Chartea).    TV^rriml 
of  Fi»bes  coUeotod  by  Joba  H.  Clark  on  iho  I'.  8.  and  ' 
nwdrr  Ll.  Col.  Jaa.  D.  Graham.     By  (fpeooor  F.  Bo^'-'  - 
'J\  t  ■nVI     <  Proeooilixiga  at  the  AcaiUtay  of  S»l  tui 
6,  t»^  >(7-3tN).    Asgoac,  IsfiX 
•^.aar.J 


(Dftvid  Hraiphrejs).    A   History  of  tb«  Fisfae*  of  M«8aachnantu.    Dy 
BaupfarajrK  Stacmr.     <  Mvinoin  of  the  Amerioaii  Aoiulooiy  of  Aru  »ud 
(BoitaB),  aMTMriM,  (taS3  to  1H87). 

II  Aptna  of  CblatfcWMJ  botUmiamtis  and  C  i 

4ftAftflTT!  (XfOVtoX  KatiM  of  a  coUectiou  of  Fidbflft  from  tbu  aoiitheni  twiiil  uf  the 
T*ftbt«ee  Klrrr.  in  ibe  State  of  Alabanift;  by  L.  Agiuaix.  <AuiericiUi  Journal 
of  BdotK*  a^a  ArtiH  weond  seriett^  xvUi,  18&4,  pp.  21^-^08, 353-3rir>. 

SM.  Qvyi^BrfM  onM,  OifpiMCw  (Mirtu.  CbryrtodM  Mwn.  (Virp^ocf.u  ritutut,  nn-l  (VirriodHir  HMtf,  «od 
nnHi  <ta»^HMi«  idMMmiii,  Cn^^HMfu.  O.  rfw/ucniti,  aikI  O.  mWunopa  fram  IIiuifcfr01a»  Ak> 
Ha  apwifle  doMtrtpckv*  AT*  oompAiMiTe  onl)-,  juid  aru  nut  ntUly  iilcoUfljible.] 

■HBO  (Bponccr  PTiUerton)aH</  aiRAHB  (Charleo).     Descriplinn  of  Now  .Sin^iw 

at  VUbr*  «<illt;cu-a  III  Texas,  Nlw  Mexico  acd  Sonora  by  Mr.  Johu  H.  Claik  oil 

■'  Statea  uuil  Mexican  Bouiular>-  Survey  aud  in  Texas  by  Capt.  Muvvart 

U.  14.  A.,  by  S.  i\  Daird  and  CUarle*  Girard.     <Proc«TUiiig9  of  tbo 

_      f  Natural  Sciono«i  of  Ph. laUflphia,  vol,  vii,  I-^*!,  pp.  a4-'29. 

i  ►  -     ^.u.,b%  o(  CabHtomnM  evmgattus,  C.  etarki,  0.  ifwi^^,  aiid  0.  ftrntfui,  ^ix  w»r.l 

ATRB8  <  WlttUm  O.)    l>c«cirlptiuD«  of  two  new  8i»eciu  of  Cyirt-inoiOs.    By  Wm.  O. 
Aym.  M.  I>.     D««.  11, 1854.     <Prorp(ftinf;».of  tboCalifuruia Arudeinyof  SciouCM, 
\o\.  i,  pp.  IH-iy,  lo54 ;  Vd  ed.,  pp.  17-lS,  l«7a. 
ICMhIpmm  tnidmhtUt,  ip.  aar.) 


DtfKrti" 

iu«i,  pp.  3»>-a«.  isra. 


i"w  species  of  CatootomuH.    By  Wm.  O.  Ayre*,  M.  D.    Feb. 26, 
nuf  tbb  California  Academy  of  HcieDcca,  vol.  i,  pp.  Jl-Snj,  l«55; 


Synopais  of  tbe  Icbtbyological  Faona  of  the  Pocifio  Slope  of 

I  If  fpoin  tbe  eollectioDS  madr-  by  Ibe  IT.  S.  Kxpl.  Eii>ed.,  nndcr 

ipt.  C.  Wtlkw,  with  rrc«nt  Additions  and  Compansouti  wiib 

ro  lypM  ;  by  L.  Agacauu    <Americaii  Jounial  of  Science  and  Arte,  *Jd  nerieo, 

,  ^ix,  l/fi&j  ppc  teie-231. 

(ClMra^aHaM  r^ry  fvSfy  tbe  etsera,  tIbi— OHyteUa  Baf.  t  BmbaHeMM^  Aj{..  gaa.  lUfv. :  UMiy- 

Kat(  C^rififfcii  Kati  JUnatonM  Stmti  J^AtHomu*  Ag.,  gaa.  nuv.;  /TylewtyWA  Ar..  E^i^ 

&*  8«w.    Hm  •Ht^ca  ar  «»6ll  gnu  >»  ««to«4.  nd  rha  fidviriai£  u«w 

vvT  tAi4lT  ^airi   «  nnaa  cmh  naiHdhm  mHj   dtaaibed  LOary^otfa  Owmptmi. 

mmdUT,  iaUftyo^iu  tteOcyi.  JfMwOMM  BrnMi,  aad  OatartPHMU 

I 


the  Cyprinoid  Fiabee  inhnbitiag    tint  frmb 

vcat  of  tbe  MiwiflMippi  Valley,  from  apecl- 

lualttatiob.     Hy  Cbarl<?«  Oimrd,  M.  D. 

Oif  Xatnral  Sciesoeaor  Phiiadelphia.  IHM,  pp.  IG5- 

il  aT  than  Wlafl;  dcacrilicd.    Two  d«w  g^nmn  mt*  pco- 
w  wptaim  mn  ehcraRCerlied:— OirrlA^u  damalb. 

gmtHit.  aail  CVo^MMM  Acfwi^^ai 

mmmj  «<■  l>«  8e«'»l   P**"**  Eallwad  BottI 
Ssrrera  to  Aaecrteio  Ibe  n>«»  praotieaUe  - 

I  trwm  tiie  Vl«teiPVi  Kivcr  to  the  Pacific  t)c , 

Bten*mrj  of  War.  im  !«:*-«»  aooonljog  to  AcU  ttf 


226    COKTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — III 


OXRARD  (Charles)— ContiuQcd. 

Couftreta  of  ^lorcb  3, 1&5:(,  May  31, 1854,  and  AogoHt  5, 1A54.  Voltime  3C.  WmIiT^' 
ton,  A.  O.  V.  >'tcbolsuu,  Printer,  lc:59.    (Part  4,  Fisbcs,  b.T  i>r.  CbariutUiranL) 

[  DescrlptioDs  of  Carjtiedes  drnmaU*,  JfsMitMio  ttmifonHls,  PtifAodoauu  ha^ni,  Aevmv  ff*t*- 
roittji,  AattAua  yrittus,  ^cMHtu  lucfairiM,  Catoffamu*  oeciilvnMif,  CkitMivmut  (a&idtuj,  CVib»Unntti 
maenelbatiu'.  ait4  Ontoftoinut  tuti^ii  ,•  all  of  Ui«  cimwIm  ezoopi  Aeomua  y<n«FonM,  C  ffrfikwltilft 
0.  (oKanu,  and  0  macr«:A«i/u«  belntc  aocoutpuiifld  by  figQre«.J 

——  United  StaUa  And  Mexican  Buondury  Sarvey,  under  the  order  of  Lloat.  CuL 
W.  n.  Euior^',  Major  First  Cavalry  und  UuitiMl  States  Comniuwiouur. — Icbthyoltigy 
of  tbe  Boandary,  by  Cbarle«  Girard,  M.  D.  <  United  6(Atoe  »ud  Mexican  Uuutid- 
ary  Survey.  voL  ii,  part  i,  1659. 

[DMcriptlmiB  nod  flguros  of  Jetiobus  tumiduM,  HoxoUoma  bmturlU.  ifaxo«6Hna  viOarim,  Jfna^ 
Jtenm  c/imfhelti,  l^tychatUtmut  cnnfjttiut,  PtydiNAomui  atbldHS,  Uinomvit  intUjnii,  UiAommt  pU- 
heUu,  Minamtia  clarki,  Aeomtu  latipinniM,  Aettmus  ffuioMnmmg,  und  Catottomtu  brrnartltni.] 


BXmEHKER  (Pieter  van).    "CoDSpectiu  ayBtematis  Cyprinoram. 
Nwleil.  lud.  XXi;  ItiOO." 

[Sy»l«iiMtJc  arrAngomcnt  of  Uie  jeoiau.] 


<Nalurl.T^dsfihtr 


ABBOTT  (Chailes  Conrad).  DewcriptionB  of  Four  New  Speoiesof  Nortb  AmericsD 
Cyiirinida^  by  Cbiirlce  C.  Abbott.  <  Proceodiugb  uf  tbe  Academy  of  NuLural  Sui- 
eoccfl  of  Pbilodclpbia,  16G0,  pp.  473-474. 

[D««crlbi's  Oatottifinut  taanus  mtu\  Catotiamtu  ckleroitteron.} 

OILZi  (Theodore  Nicholas).  On  the  clatMlftcatiou  of  tbe  KvBNTooMATni  or  Ctpkiki, 
a  HtilHirderof  Telkocei'iiali,  by  TbecKlore  Oil).  <Prucv<.>diii^b  uf  tbe  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Pbiludulpbia,  IrJGl,  pp.  G-U. 

(Cliiuiict«nice«  tho  5Ubor(l«r  iTrtnlojrniilAi,  (!r|iiiralf<ot  ui  "tbv  trin  t'jprlnnlili  -nf  Aga—lt.  wllfc 
(Hit  l«L>tb  tuthu  jaws, and  with  Urge  bUoirorn)  ti>w»T  (ibarTngral  boDe*".  This  •iib<inl«r  udlrUled 
Into  fuur  fiitiillicB.— tfuinntoptfrawto.  Oobiteidir.  Cffprifwiday,  ami  OatoMlomeidir:  tbi  Inllnr  fmmHf 
hrititi  in  tnni  divided  lutu  Uiroo  nUtitmUiea.'-CattuUfminm,  CVdqrluio,  and  Hubatiohtht/inar  ] 

PUTNAM  (Frederick  Ward).  List  of  tbe  Fiabea  aent  by  tbo  Muaeain  tu  <li(Tereai 
ItiHtttatioDB,  in  exchange  for  other  Specimens,  witb  Anuotatioaa.  Dy  F.  W.  Pittr 
uaiu.  =:Uiilletin  uf  tbo  Biuacuu  uf  Cotnjiarative  Znology,  Cambridge,  Uasaocbu* 
fiette.  U.  8.  A.,lB63,(No.  1). 

ICootJiitii  Diiiuc*  uf  10  KptKiiM,  with  referouoM  U>  deaorlptioni  bj  ProfaMor  Apii«U.l 

COPE  (Edward  Drinker).    Partial  Catalogue  of  tbe  Cold-blooded  Vcrtubruta  of 
Mtcbigau.    Part  1.     By  Prof.  E.  D.  Cojie. 
[N'otoa  OD  iaTer&l  apccloA.] 

OILL  ^Theodore  Nicholas).    Syoopsis   of  the  Fishes  of  the  Golf  of  S(,  Lawi 

and  tbn  liny  of  FuikIv.     By  Prof.  Tbuotloro  Oill,  M.  A.     <  Cauudiau  NatanUistij 
Angnst,  m65,  (pp.  1-34  Id  reprint). 
[KeeoTda  Oittulomtu  batttmtmtU  and  Itaxotltnma  oHmyvm.] 

BLEBBIER  (Pieter  van).  Notices  snr  Qnelques  Gcarea  et  Eap6ces  des  Cyprinoldes 
de  Cbiiiu  pur  P.  BIceker.  <  Nederland^cb  Tijdscbrift  vour  do  DlcrkuiiJe,  uitffs 
gureo  door  bet  KoDinkliJIc  Zooloj;lso'i  Geaoottwbap,  Natura  Arlis  &(iigUira,  t* 
Amsterdaoi,  under  Itedaktie  ran  P.  BIceker,  U.  Scblegel  ea  Q.  F.  Wc4t«tiiian« 
tweede  Jaargung,  Ir^OS. 
lD«whpUou  of  Oarpiodm  ttiatietu,  ip.  dot.] 

T&OREAU  ^Hoary  David  J.     A  Wwk   on   (ho  Conconl  au.! 
Hi'.iir.v  ri.  Tbori_»jiii.  antltor  of  *'  Walden/'  otc.    N»»«  abd  i< 
Ticknor  and  Flold*.     I'MW. 
IContalnssniuKKiiuit of  Uir^  h»b(u of  CUo^Mmt lMtm<mttt amA  O. 


BIBLIOGBAPHT. 


227 


0DMTUI2R  ( Albtttt).  CAUlogne  of  tb«  Pbysostotni,  oontfiinlng  the  famiHefl  Hetero 
pyc^t*  Cyfirinitla-,  <J<>tior!iymtbi(l»>,  UyodoctHlie,  Osteo^IdBAJiJ/e,  ClapeiUa*,  Chl- 
ne«otittt:i',  A1>'])i>cciiL4ilt(]ii.s  NutopleriUiy,  HaluHauritla',  in  tbo  coUfction  of  the 
I|rlUft1>  '  by  Dr.  Albert  rflliitlirr.     Ixmdou  :  Printed  by  nnlcr  of  the  Lrust- 

mm.    \-'  -  '  :itAlo{(n(»of  tU«  FUliM  of  tbo  Britibb  Muncm  by  Albert  Gtiutbcr, 

JL  A^  IL  D.,  i^  D.I  V.  U.  B.,  F.  Z.  8.,  oto.,  olo.    Volaiue  seveotb. 

dcacrlfiUooi  of  tweuty-fuur  apfClM,   befttilrv  tvronly  ntir   (doubtful    bimk-Iua  more^j 
flmocfed  'o  ttmt  Konora,  CMOiVmut,  itoxifsttina.  SeUro^nadtuM,  uml  Carpivdn.] 

COPB  '.Bdvraxd  Dttnker).    Ou  tbe  Distributiou  of  Frt&b  Water  Fistius  in  tbe  Alte- 
gbAoy   Ro]pon  of  Bonth-Wefltem   Virgniia.     By  E,  D.  Cope,  A-  M.      <  Joiirna!  of 

IiIm  Acadttmy  of  Natural  Sciencea  of  PhiUdelpbio,  new  seriea,  vol.  tI,  pftrt  iii, 
jMum?.  liXO,  pp.  SU7-^7. 
fPwriiylWin  and  fisnra  of  TVneteliM  o«rrinv«,  up.  dot.,  with  DOtM  oo  T.  dufturwi,  OatoMtormiK 
•^riMiu,  Mid  0.  cammunit. 
■TBBR  (Albert).  An  Arconnt  of  th(t  Ffsheaof  tbe  Btat«s  of  Central  America 
hamtd  oti  ColltiotiunH  mnil«i  by  Cnpt.  J.  M.  Dow,  F.  Godinaii,  Eb4].,  aD<]  O.  Snlvin, 
Cb|.  By  Albert  GUntber,  M.  A..  M.  U.  Ph.  D..  F.  R.  «.,  F.  Z.  8.  <  TrauMctioua 
of  fteSooloeicml  Soriety  of  Lonaoii,  toI.  v\,  1869,  pp'  377-494. 

COPE  (Edward  Drinker).  Pftrt'ijil  Synotwie  of  tbe  Fi9b<>ti  of  tbe  Fresh  Waters  of 
N«rUi  CttToUiJU,  by  KiItt,  1).  Cupr,  A.  M.     <  Proocedinge  of  the  Amerloan  Philo- 

IwplikaU  Sooioty  of  I'biliwUlpbia.  1870,  pp.  448-495. 
{liaacripUtBu  of  J'laef^nn/ns  earinattu  {£00.  ct  «p.  nor.),  Pti/rhattomua papUIotu*  {Hp-tiov.) 
twhtm  fafLOor,),  f*.  entbipju*  inp.nov.),  t\pidUrui$  {Kp.nirr.),P.ecregtm}u  (Kp.  nor.),  P.aUnu  (sp.' 
M*r.  /^  UdZdakmu  (up,  nor.),  /*.  rvbtuttm  (Mp.  dot.),  J*.  efythrvntM,  P.  tnehrymntis  (up.  dot.),  P. 
m»tr»t0pi4atu»,  /'  iJuvtwvnff.  P.  earpio,  P.  oneida,  P.  aiiirtotut,  P.  tveutii,  P.  crtuiUabrU  (cp.  nor  ), 
J*.  t»wMMy  tup  xiov.).P  ftww  inp.  nor.), P. egrvinus,  OarpMUf  iHfarmU  (tipkiioT.),  O.  euH»mnserinut 
ii^Bfttj.  CmJtm  (kp-DuT.),  CcW^ar.  O.f^ra^  (ap.  wyw.t.O.tkamptonUC  friiorK  Cetiprinu*,  aotl 
a  ■vaM^fir  i0f.  noT.),  w(th  note*  oa  other  apecloa,  and  a  totj  uaeful  uialy»U  of  tba  ayiMdes  of 
r^%m»mmt  anil  OarpUtaet.] 

—  —  Bnpftrt  oil  Lbo  Reptib-b  autl  Fishes  obtained  by  tbo  Nataraltste  of  tbe  F.xftf^dt- 
tkm,  by  K.  i>,  Coiic,  A.  M.  <  Pre)  i  mi  nary  Kipurt  of  tbe  Uiiitetl  Statee  Geological 
Sorvvy  of  Wyoming,  fiiii  coutiguoue  territorltiB,  (boiog  n  «econd  annual  report  of 
pttyrei,)  conilaclcd  under  the  authority  of  the  Socretary  of  tbe  luteriur  by  F.  V. 
lUydMD,  troit«d   States  Geologtftt,     Wntibiiigtoa:    Qovexnuieul  Priutiug  Office. 

[<H»Mttmm»  JiWBftalwi,  Itittemtu  dtlpkinuM,  MinomuM  barius,  and  PtvehottonutM  bueeo,  apt  nov.] 

—  Oo  tb*  Plajfoptorina-  and  the  Ichthyolngy  of  Utah.  By  Kdwonl  D.  Cope,  A. 
IL  B«*d  fa«)for«  the  AniHrioau  Pbiluaopbical  Society,  Mnndi  SOlb,  1874.  <  Pro- 
ef«aift)9»  ^f  (■^<>  Amerinatt  Pbiloeopbioal  Society  of  Pbiladelpbtfi,  vol.  14.  pp.  139-i:{9, 

1 0ta^frtt$n$k»a  and  Mtnoonu  Jarroni  d«MTlbed  aa  neir  «p«ciM.) 

fDavld  Stair).    Synopaia  of  tbo  Genera  of  FlaheH  to  be  looked  for  In 

by  I'rof.  Xtevid  H.  Jordan,  M.  I>.     <  8ixth  Annnal  Report,  of  tbo  OeoUi};!- 

Scurny  of  ludiAna,  modtt  during  tbu  year  1874,  by  K.  T.  Cox.  State  GooIogisC; 

ty  Prof.  John  Collett,  Pn.f.  W.  W.  Borden,  and  Dr.  O.  BI.  Lovetto.     Indi- 

Bvntlnel  Compiuiy,  Priue«ra.     1875.    pp.  197-238. 

and  ODour  two  spocle^  miMilIiinrit  under  eaob.l 


—  CoorTrrdnic  the  Fkboa  of  the  Fchthyfdngiu  OhieuftiH.  by  David  S.  Jordan,  M.  S., 
iL  t».  vdloga  of  tbo  Buffalo  Society  of  Natural  History,  1676,  pp.  91-97. 

10»^'<>-.  .-1.  ..ttiVaalieMof  tb«  npMiM  d«««rl\wl  by  ILiiflnQw|ti«;  a  newj^nua,  £f(uiyz«N,  being 
fUr  C^ifaw  oMtlwuj  MltcbUl.  | 


228     CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — lU. 


JORDAN  (David  Starr).  Manual  of  the  Vertobrnteaof  ibeNortbern  UoiCed  SUtes, 
iucludiiig  the  dislriot  e&ot  of  tUe  MissfsBippi  liiver,  and  Dortb  of  North  Caroliim 
aud  Tunneweo,  exclaitiro  of  morlDe  speciea.  By  D«rid  Starr  JordaUf  M.  ti.,  M.  D., 
ProftiHtur of  N'alural  UuUir)'  iu  N.  W.  C.  Uuiveraity  aud  iu  ladioaa  8cato  Medical 
CoUoge.  Chicago:  Jaiiseu^  McChirg  &.  Coiopaay.  1376. 
[Tiroaty*tbreu  iipoci«s  briefly  deMiilMd,  mad  raferred  to  nino  genua.] 

'NELSON  (Bdward  W.j  A  Partial  Catalogoe  of  the  FitJics  of  lUlDoia,  by  E.  W. 
NVIooit.     <  liiiUulm  of  tlie  lUiauis  Muwiini  uf  NaltinU  History,  i,  1H7G. 

tXciic*  00  ^\  spooiM :  lehAyttm*  ^tnullia  daaorllwd  at  a  nev  spoolM.  and  tUa  ifttant  GxryfeOm 
unltMl  to  Jehtl^fobuf-} 

UHLBR  (P.  R.}  end  LUOGER  (Otto).  List  of  Fishes  of  Maryland,  by  P.  E.  Uhlar 
and  Otru  Lufj^r.     <  Re[»ort  of  the  Commiwiouers  of  Fishorioa  of  Maryland,  pp. 

67-176.  flS76). 

[&«TOD  spccl«a  dosorlbod.) 

COPE  (Edward  Drinker)  and  7ARROW  (Henry  C.)    Report  upon  th«  colleoUoaa 
of  Fishes  mado  in  itortiuns  of  Nevada,  Utah,  Califuruio,  Colorado,  New  Mexico 
and  Arizona  during  thu  yean  lt<71,  187:2,  l€i'.i  and  li^4,  by  Prof.  E.  D.  Cope  audi 
Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow.    ^=  Chapter  VI.     <  Report  ujiod  Geographical  and  Ge*ok>gicaL| 
ExploratinnH  and  Survoys  West  of  the  Onw  Hnndredth  Moridiau,  in  obarge  of  FirU 
Lieat.  Geo.  M.  Wbeoh-r,  Corps  of  £ngiuecri»,  U.  S.  Army,  nndnr  the  direction  of' 
Brig.  Gen.  A.  A,  Hninphreys,  Chief  oFEnginMirB,  U.S.  Army,  pubiisbed  by  authority  j 
of  Hon.  Wm.  W.  Drlknap,  Secretary  of  War,  in  acrordjinof  with  acta  of  Congresa 
of  Jane  23, 1874,  and  February  15,  Xtf75.   In  rix  volumes.   Accompanied  by  one  topo- 
graphical and  one  geological  atlas.   Vol.  V. — Zoology.    Waibiogton:  GovammeDt 
Printing  Office.     11^5.    (Issued  in  1876.) 

(Oootaiaa  (IcMrlptiona  of  PtoiitoifcM  (gtou  bpv.K  JVnifcufam  fUt$t1qfmtk»iMt 
PuUHtmu  HrM>rrfu  (ip.  fiov.K  OMMtomw  foi<0iMk  OiliilWiif  sWoeluai.  OmmImhh  4<w«Miun,  I 
OUtatMmiM  Jtcundnm  (ftp.  nar.S  Oaiawtamut  gfiwiifaw—,  JfWMlmna  rrtjjywsH—  <ap.  aor.K  Pt^^ 
£AMC»miu  oonputiu,  aud  CtarpiodM  yrayt,  witfa  OtfurM  nt  ibosI  of  lb*  aptclfa.] 

JORDAN  (David  Starr)  and  COPELANO  (Herbert  Bdaon).  Chock  List  nf  the 
I'ifthiw  of  the  Freeh  Wttlom  of  North  America,  by  David  .S.  Jordan,  M.  S.,  M.  D^ 
and  Herbert  £.  Copeland.  M.  S.  <  Bnlletio  of  tbo  Buffalo  Booiety  of  NatanU 
History,  ii,  lrt7fi.  pp.  KU-IG4. 

[Elgfaty-tbrc«n<mi)tui1  vpoclca  «tratDmiitM.  irfonwl  to t«a  p-ntrra.  v\z -. -  ObfoftowHt*.  ^wJMiwn, 
ItifptnUtium,  £ninyzi»i,  liretuUu,  Flaeophanrnx,  CarviodM,  Itktki/tAui,  BubalkAlht/t,  and  O**^ 

JORDAN  (David  Starr).    On  tiio  Fisbes  of  Xorihem  iDdiaoa.     <  Prooeed4Q|p»  of 

iho  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  IdTT. 

[\otM  OD  iH*vcra]  ipenim :  tehtXt/abug  iteMj/rui  and  BubatieIitln/9  altus  Amtitt\»BA  aa  a«nr  fpwctrv 
fbjoi  AliiS.  Irft  mill  tlitf  Miitbor  li>' Mr.  NpLxm  ;  an  Wioljaiauf  tiiP  ({rurmfif  Ca<o«<oH«i(ltr  Ui^l^'ra, 
■laeof  them  belag  "accept«d  bjr  Prof.  Coireaud  ibo  writar"! 

-  A  Partial  Synopaift  of  tlio  FiMbes  o(  Upper  G«urgin,  by  David  8 

<  Aiinalsuf  the  .New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  Icr7ti.    (Pnl'li 
f  NotM  OB  BUOMmms  apccloi^  Jfi/aojIoMa  ruryop*  Imlni  dflsorlbv^l  •■  imw.) 

KLIPPART  (John  H.)    Firnt  Annual  K«'port  of  tlio  Ohio  Suite  I 

kTho  Goveruor  of  the  Slato  of  Ohio,  for  lUe  years  IdTj  and  l'?7u.    ■ 
&  Mycni,  State  Printer*.     IH77. 
(I>ntt'Ht 
mi*,  au 


i 

I 


>UL>»intJi.     t'tnetrtthi 


by  Ur.J.lL  KJtpiwrtl 


BinuoonAPHY, 


229 


JORDAN  ODavid  Starr)  nud  BRAYTON  (Alombcrt  Wtothrop).    On  LagocbtlOt 
•  new  |[fFmifl  of  CAto9tornAt<1  ftsliw.     <  Proceeding  of  thn  Arudemy  of  Nntnrnl 
^1  fWicnceaof  Philftrlelittiift,  It^fTT,  pp.  9S&-2S3. 

^^M  IT^aahtflUm  ■ml  Aisnre  of  Lagoehila  Uieen  (gm.  et  «p.  iwr.i,  iriih  nn  inftlyaia  of  the  i*t>neni  o/ 

^^^^— OBfcrti  Mlifw  mAm\UnA,  rif—ljonoeMla.  rUieofihaiyme,  3fpxoaioma.  Ertmvton,  nj/p^meeUvm,  Oato- 
^^^BpiKWi,  AMtartma,  OpeUptuM,  CarpimUg,  Ich^tyo^tu,  BmbattAttj/t,  uhI  MvMovpjrrutuB.] 

RALXX>CK  (Charles).  Tltc  8parUnian*«  Gazottecr  and  Genernl  Gnide.  Tbo  Qame 
JUimaln,  BirUa  and  FtsbcA  of  North  Anterica  :  tboir  IlabttH  and  Varions  Mfithods 
of  Capture.  Copioas  InHtractioaai  in  Shootinf^.  Fishtnf^,  Taxidermy,  Woo«teraft, 
|rtl^  'i'x't^thrr  with  A  Directory  (o  th«  Principal  Gnnio  Ro«ort«  of  thn  Coautry: 
li  <  with  ranpA.    Jly  Charlra   HaJlook,  Editor  of  "Forest  and  8treaa)", 

the  •TUhliiBTonrist",  ■'CauipLifeln  FIorida",ctc.    New  York:  Fore«t 
8lr«*am  PiibUibiiig  Cuuipuiiy,    lb77. 

[CaMMbii  JMriytfain  &d«1  lurtkM  of  naaxumua  •pooirs;  tbo  Kod  Hone,  JL  maerolepid«tum, 
■,im  p.  938  ItMdTerMaUy  c:illwl  "  O^imKomus  etrpidianum".] 

KnU)Al'l  (.David  Starr).  Contriboiious  to  North  Atu(*rican  lubLb.voloi;^^  bued 
I^H  primarily  on  tbr  CoII«*ctionft  of  tbo  United  Stst«s  National  Muaenui.  I.  Reviaw 
^^^  ct  CoiLiifMqiir'a  Mtimoira  ou  North  Americau  Fisbiis,  by  David  8.  Jordan.  Wavbiag- 
^^^HBpti :  G^iremroent  Printing  OflQce.    1877.     =  Bnlletin  of  the  United  States  National 

^^^^jfloflvoot.  No.  u.   pp.  nn. 

^^r  jCcMkUliu  lihrntlQeatiOttA  of  Ui«  varloiu  nomiDttl  spoclM  da«crtbM  by  RaAQo«que.] 

^r^»-  ''  ''intkinA  to  North  American  IchtbyoTofTy,  based  primarily  ou  thpCollectiona 
idl  StaWii National  MnHenni.  II.  A.— Noteson  Coliidfr,  ICtheottomotiftirt 
^itrarrhidtt,  Apkododaida,  DoryBomatidaf^  and  Cyprinidtr,  with  revisions  of 
and  dowrriplioDs  of  new  or  little  known  Bpccit?«.  B.— Synojmis  of  the 
itu*  frreb  n  at«-rAof  North  Anncrica,  By  Dnvid  S.Jordan,  Wiislungton  : 
t  Prinlfn;;  Officci.  1^C7.  ^Bulletin  of  ibo  United  States  National 
:•>.  10.  pp.  UC. 
»o  or  Jfyvoffoiiia  pm>(h^n,  i^i.  dot.] 

6ZXJ*  ^Tbr^dore  Nicholas).    JobnAon'a  Now  Universal  Cyclopiedia;  a  soientific  and 

|M>p<!'  .  uf  nwful  kno\vlcd;;a.     Illustratt'd  with  niuim,  planx  and  nn);rav- 

Iftj-R.  Ml  chii^f.  Frederick  A.  P.  Biirnard,  S.  T.  D.,  LL.  D.,  L.  H.  D.,  M.  N. 

Pr«*«idtrni  of  Colnmbta  College.  Now  York;  Arnold  Gnyot,  Ph.  D.,  Lf...  D,, 

A  8.»  Professor  of  Gt'olo(;y  and  Physical  Gt-ograpby,  CoMogo  of  Now  Jersey, 

t^*  Edilors—L^O  peraontt,  among  tb^m  Theodore  Gill,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D., 

A  S.,  Late  Senior  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Library  of  Confn^ss].    With 

icw  contribntions  from  writers  of  dtstin^tsbed  eminence  In  every  depart- 

of  Icttrrs  and  »olenoo  in  the  Untteil  Blates  and  in  Enrope.     Completo  in  fonr 

tudndinfc  appendix.    Vnlumo  IV.  S — Ap]>endix.    (Testimonials  at  the 

>f   '  tie.)    Atvln  J.  Johnson  A  Bon,  11  Great  Jones  Strut,  Now  York. 

ill. 

jCtmiMt—  #  tlMnrlpUnn  nf  tbo  ftunlly  Osftutomidis,  a  list  of  tlie  gmtm,  soil  a  dlsgooals  of  Jf^o- 

IdBDAN  (David  Starr).     Mannal  of  tbo  Vurlebratea  of  the  NoHht^u  United  StateSf 

{..■..  I..  ,.  ,)m  di„t|-i{^[  |^p,t  of  (he  MiBsissippi  River.und  North  of  North  Carolina 

iwe,  exclnsive  of  Marino  Species,  by  David  Btarr  Jordan,  Ph.  D.,  31.  D., 

'  "  1   ltiHror>' in  Bntler  Univoraity.     Second  Edition  Revised  and 

Jansen.  McCliirj;  &  Company.     1^78. 

■rfiT*^  to  rleTfn  (ii-nrrii ;  — /^rjocArta,  PtaeopKarynx,  Sfi/xjy 
•  .    It,  Jlf/pfnteliutn.  Catimtumut,  CytleptUM.  Cnryimlft.  Mtkj/vOtit, 

**^   fi.'^i,-fti^]fi     iti   tr..    ,\iitl<n<1ii,  tbe  bsme  Qaatnlairitt  I*  sngxcsted  it  a  niibNtttuta  lur 


230    CONTEIBUTIONS  TO  NORTH  AMEEICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — HL 

JORDAir  (David  Starr).  A  Catalog:ae  of  the  FiBfaus  of  the  Fresh  Waten  of  North 
America.  By  David  S.  Jordan,  H.  D.  <  Balletln  !V,  Haydea'a  Qeological  Survey 
of  the  Territories,  No.  2,  pp.  407-4'42.    WaBhingtoo,  Hay  3, 1876. 

[FIfty-ODo  species  eoumeratedj  arranftediii  thirteen  geners,  tIs  :— £u&a{tdUAy«,  JcU^^roftui, 
Carpiodet,  Og^eptui,  PantosUm,  Catoitomua,  OhatmittM  {gfiu.  nor.),  frimyzon,  iftnyttvmo,  Jfysv- 
Mtoma,  Piacopharj/nx,  and  Quoirilabia.] 

'  Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Fishes  from  the  Rio  Grande,  at  Brownsville,  Texas. 
By  David  S.  Jordan,  M.  D.  <  Bulletin  Hayden'a  United  States  Geological  nod 
Geographical  Snrvey,  vol.  iv.  No.  2.    Washington,  May  3, 1878. 

[Synonymy  and  note  on  Carpiodet  tumidu*.] 

I  A  Cafalogne  of  the  Fishes  of  Illinois,  by  Prof.  David  S.  Jordan.  <  niinots 
State  Laboratory  of  Natural  History.  The  Natural  History  of  Illinois.  Bolletin 
No.  3.    Bloomington,  lU.,  June,  1878. 

[Twenty-tbree  species  ennmerated,  with  notes ;  these  are  arranged  in  nine  generm.] 

FORBES  (a  A.)    The  Food  of  Illinois  Fishes  by  8.  A.  Forbes.     <  BulleUo  of  th« 
Illinois  State  Laboratory  of  Natural  History,  No.  2, 1678. 
[Valoable  notes  on  the  food  of  OatottomidcB.} 

JORDAN  (David  Starr).  Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Fishes  firom  the  Rio  Graode, 
at  Brownsville,  Texas,  continued.  By  D.  S.  Jordan  M.  D.  <  Hayden's  Bolletin 
of  the  Geological  and  Geographical  Survey  of  the  Territories,  vol.  iv.  No.  3.  Warti- 

ington,  Jnly  23,  la78. 

[Remarks  on  the  probable  Ide&tl^  of  Oarptodu  gravi  and  letMnu  tumtdtu  with  OarpMm 
cj/priniu.} 

Catalogue  of  the  Fishes  of  Indiana,  in  Article  Pisoioulture  (by  Alexander 

Heron).     <  Twenty-seventh  Annual  Report  of  the  Indiana  State  B<Nhrd  of  Agri- 
culture, 1877.    Volume  XIX.    Indianapolis.    1878. 
[Twenty-two  species  enumerated,  referred  to  ten  genera.] 

JORDAN  (David  Starr)  'and  BRA7TON  (Alembert  ^inthrop).  On  the  Dis- 
tribution of  the  Fiubes  in  the  Alleghany  Region  of  South  Carolina,  Georgia  and 
Tennessee,  with  Descriptions  of  New  or  Little  Known  Species.  By  David  8. 
Jordan  and  Alembert  W.  Brayton.  <  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  National 
Museum,  No.  12.  Washington,  Government  Printing  Office,  1878. 
[Kotee  on  nomeroos  species.] 


JUtttbaanhoa 

71 
161,  157 

( lkil«OMuia) • 83 

(Ctloostomo*) 24 

A  (Cbologutor) 64 

(Mytmtoiua) 130 

(Auiiuras).... b7 

dhMiM  (Pt>  eho^tomas) W^ 

iCtTTttiltrs) 1*^ 


AlbuttifM, 
ttbam  .T'lv. 
albn 


.)--  27,86, 102, 117,  laci 

10,10, 30.  04, 73,  UU 

ixmiomoA) 130 

is)  20U 

-ttomoH} 109,167 

"M*'*) 8& 


«ltiuiJi'j)<aiK-bcli;a). 102,200 

Al««nUM 12,f>fe,7a,H8 

(Alboniopt) 36,  ti5 

(HyboiMdii) 10 

<HjI)opei«bnd0OoiiM} 36 

All,  213 

AsU4apllU» 4U,  40,  GO,  75,  cJO 

^l»tvpn  (Crrsltchlhfs) 7!) 

AaWjH^U «> 

MMTlMftii  (Vvm) 63 

(t'^lillw) K« 

lc&DBa<h'oUuulgunna). 24,  38 

70,90 

70 

,..*j,  33,  :fil,  44,56,70,81,90 

„... 90 

4—iimnn< 69 

■iitiimi—  (Plirttojjrt.i^) iW,  70,  64 

AbcbUU 'Ji*.  ;i:i,  ;tu.  4-1. 53.  70.  81,  90 

UftOUda liU,  Xl.  3U.  44,  65.  70,  HI 

(CBtontoaiua) 100,  I9f> 

(M/xcMtum*) 86,  1  '', 

!:   .  i.l-J 

(C»lo*tocDU«)...100»  110,  r^>,  IJ2 

(MAKOMtOOM) 132.  146 

inw  iPtynlioBtomui)..... 133 

iru*  ,T.-tT-tnl,>.) ^,,^^        133 

<L«)...««.«*..*.       133 


Apuuiotm 76,  89 

arjf^opDA  (CatOHtnuiaa) ...160,  173 

ardeUfl  (LyrliruniH) 78,*') 

argimttiUB  (AiiiuiiK-u<tcB) tf7 

uigyritiii  (Hybugualbus) 16,84 

(Uiiaticiu((;an'>u<ltiii) 10'.',  217 

wiaticns  (Myxocyprinoa) 10*2,217 

aapru  (AlvurdiUH) 58 

A(bctriuiilffi 61,  76 

atheriQoidea  (Nutropis) .  64,  7d 

atrUutuu  ( <ICyguuuct«s) .......         H4 

■UipiiiuiH  (ArliuuJ 73 

atripinnia  (Ulucentrti) 73,  6i 

itrooafeuti  (Khinichthye) iSG 

Biiruiitiacu6(llaUrupteruB) 58,  62 

anreolu  (Moxoetoiuu) ]SS 

aaroolum  (Moxuatoraa) IS5 

aureoluin  [M.v][oatoaia)..lOO,  101,  IIG,  1*24 
aurouluHC^'ut(Mtuiiiii8)...]00, 1*24, 125, 1(37 

aarcolua  (Ptycbosiomaa) 1£5 

aureus  (Eiipoiuuliti) 15 

auritU8(Lcpiopotuasj 15,  36,  40,  63 

aurora  (Aoodiuh) 176 

aurora  (Catoatuiuue) 101, 176 

tuirdli  (FutamucoltuH) 62 

bartlntt  (MtDomuH) 184, 186 

banloa  (FautoeteUH) 164 

beroanliui  (Cutoutumue)  ...... ...lOS,  172 

bigatlatUH  (C«rutiohrbjB]..  96,  3:1,38,  43, 

G&i,  7i),  86 

bison  (Carpiodcft) 60, 86, 101, 104, 107 

blnnnioiUcH  (Diirlcaium) 58,73,^2 

bleuniuUk-H  (Klbt-'oatoma) 58 

Udlblubthya ■l^,ii> 

&»lwi*oma 13,  34,  58.  75.  Kt 

iHJinbilJvuii  (Lopiopomua) 64),  H3 

bouiiaua  (liulmlioblbys; 101,  200,  2U 

buAtuuiuu»ui(Catoatomu«) 100, 166 

br«victtp«(Moxontoma) 1^ 

breTiC(}pb(Myxo(ftuua) 137 

S31 


I 


bT«yic«ps  (PtycbosComna) 102, 127 

breviceps(Ter6tulu8) 127 

brevipinoc(Boleo8omA) 58 

branDt'ua  ( Aiuiuroa)   .  ..Sd,  39,  44,  67 

Bubftlirhtdyinas S)9 

BubaIichthyB..&&,  09,  9l>,  104,  201,  203,  ?05 

bnbahuuM  (Bubulicbtliya) 103,  fiOfi 

btibalns  (Amblmloa: 211,  214 

bubalua  (lJribrtlicbthy»)..ini,  102,205,  200 

bulmUm  (Catoetomiis) 100,  2(H\  214 

btibuliiti(lchthyobu8).er>,  10(»,  101,  102,214 

buccata(Encymba) t^ 

bucco(PtycboBtomna) 102,  133 

buuco  (Teretuliis) 133 

ballariB  (Semotilus) @0 

URlliiKiuia  (Cudooia) 37,65 

C»lliaema  (Kpisenm) 37 

calliatia  (Codoma) 60,H5 

oaUtatiiM  (Pboto|pDia) 50 

calva  (Auiia) 70,^ 

compbt-lli  (KriDiyzoD) 140 

oaiuitbelli  (MoxtMttoma) 101,146 

Cwupofttoma 16, 43. 49,  G3, 77, 90 

o&niDra  (Valllautia) 89 

camutus  (Notbuuutus) 74,  H2 

oiuiadense  (Stizo6t«thinm) 63 

csprutles  (Pcrcina) 45, 57, 73, 83 

oarinatns  (Placopbftr7Dx)..69,H(;,  102, 107, 

108,109 

<»rpio  (CarpioaeB) ,.  ..86. 100. 102.  ia>.200 

oaqiio  (Cut^ist^nnm) 100, 101. 1  Its,  200 

oorpiu  <ItiUlbyubua) 200 

carpio  (Moxuetoma) 119 

ou-tno(Myxo«toma) 101.115,118,119 

oarpio  (PtyoboBtumni)) 118 

Oiirpiu  (TeretultiM) 119 

Carpioaes. ...  55. 09,  fO,  90, 190, 193, 201, 217 

eoteoatum  (Xoniama) 62,77,84 

Catotttuinuln  ...  26. 33,  3t!,  43, 54, 68,  tiO,  97, 

9ti,103 

CfttosiomtDCB 9if 

CatMlomns 27,  33,  54,  69,  dO,  103, 110, 

136,  140,  151,  153,  154,  155,  156,  IbO, 
201,  219 

oatoBtoniusCCypnntu) 166,175,19a 

oato»tuuiuH(Pbruiu3obiDa}  ....•...••...&3 
oavifrnus  (Ambloplites), ..-••.*..«,        tSS 

Ci'ulnirvbiUio 15,30,  35.  40,  46,  60,75 

Coutrarchos.. 36,  47,  89 

wpediufttim  (Donisonia) 19,  &i 

C«nitirhlly».  ..24,  32,  38,  43. 53.  67,  79,  90 

oerviunni  (Moxostoma) 129 

oeniimai  (Uyxoatoma)..  SO,  33,  38.  43,  m, 

102.117,129 


i 


cervinoa  (Ptychostomna) 129 

oerrlnUB  (Teretultw) 10!>,  129 

ChfflDDbrylttM 15.  35.  46.  60,  60 

Cbnainivftn 103.149,150.219 

cbinticus(Hydropblox) 8S 

chloriatia  (Codoma) •...,...  fil,i 

cblurvccpbolue  (Albarnops) 19,  BfiJ 

cblorocephalQA  (Hybopaia)  .-,...„.        tm 

cbluraptcrou  (Culotftuiaaa) 102,  107 1 

Cbulogastor 99' 

ChrottoDiaii .....  C'l,  7J^  90 

obruBomas  (HybopBia) 49 

cbrD(H>niuH  (Hydropblux) 49,  €5 

obrywjcblorifl  (Puiuolobiis) I>2.  77,  84  ^ 

cbryaokucns  {Not4*uigonuB).....53.  67,  79  H 

obryM}p9(Uoc«uti) .......,,        8S 

oiuerea  (KlbtKwtoma)  .............  59,83 

clorki  (C^tostotdtu) 159.  165 

clarki  (Miuomu^) 10( 

o]aviformu((KnmyKoii> 145 

clavlformia  (Moxoittoina) 101, 148 

CliuoHtoimm 24, OS 

Clnpt;i(lib 63,77 

coccogenia  (Laxilua) 31,  64,  Itt 

Codoma 20.  :T7,  43.50,90 

ocnilea  (Cwlouift)  8( 

cffira]ca(ErogaIaj 51 

collapans  (Ptycbotftotuud) 102,  132 

oomuenooi  (CAtuBtouiw)...27,  6V),  SO,  9&t 

100, 10ft 

coium«nonien  (LeCyprib) 100.  ItK 

comuiauU  (CatuHtomuB) 80,  liKt,  106 

congetita  ( My xo*itouiu } 133 

congvstum  (MyxoHtoutt) 101,  118, 133 

COUglVlttlK  (CutUHlOIUUtt) 133 

congeBtUB  (PlycboBtomuB) 190,133 

oongcgtiiH  (Terotnlus) . IttS 

copulutidi  (UhLHK-rypta) 09 

Coptliiiidia to 

Con^onna 89 

coro|{atiua  (MyxoHtoma),  26, 86, 102, 11»,  134 

oorej{unnB  (Pcycfaoatomiu) UR!,  134 

cornntna(Luxila8) 4U,  64, 7H 

corporalis  CSemolUaB),86.38,  M,  <Vi.  80,  86 

ttODii«(MyxnfltA(na) 86,  lii2, 116,  146 

ooDUB  (PcjoboalomiM) lOVy  OS 

oonuB  (Tvrotuluii) 

CotUdai 47,57,73 

cfa8S)lubro(Myxu(iloiua)..86,  102,  Mfs  l^^ 

croaailabriti  (PiycboBtomus) hH,  VtH 

oraMllabria  (Tvrolulna) 

crartauB  (Alvurdtue) ...«.• 

craiwoB  (Eaok) 

Ctialivoteer © 


I 


r 


Pag«. 

70 

.80,  m,  109, 

IM,  195, 196 

qFVMiln*(Apomoliii) 7(),  811 

^ubUw  {BabaliohtbjBj BO 

ipadhu  <lchthyoba»)  , 1012,  *20G 

CidiViuui*. ^ 

CycMw eo.  dO,  104, 136,  i^,  lan 

tffho  (Uax) *- 84 

CffvlnclU 90 

t$i  tliyoli(u) 214 

CJT-  i.To^nttlhiu) 214,315 

Cxi«i«i»a» I«,  ai,  3«,  41,  4U.  63,77 

C7KUiodoatiU« 31. 48,  &1,  77 

Cnrtnat , 140 

9priMa  (Ovpiodw) 56, 8(1. 101, 102. 

195, 198 
cjyrieai  <C»to8tomaa) — «,.-.„       100 

TpdstM  (Labeo) ^..      IIW 

lypt^  '  7  rujpiftthna) 197,108 

4llM  ;i<Kle«) 1U9 

Dau'tylui l&l,  164 

DHwUni^rliui ^ 161,  158,  159 

driplubiu  (Mioomas) 102,  IHA 

Mphiou*>  ^PnrilmttiiM). ..........       184 

ai^l^Aan  hia) 84 

£flannb  ;  pt) 36,109,104,195 

Itfanoto  aciittiyobo*)  *....».....  196 
tu  (Nolroplit). .«.••••.,«.....  S& 
a*  (HotMpiv)  .......,*•••...       85 

58,73,88 

aMotolM(Catoiitomiu) 103,  ICi,  17'.> 

Doffwiani 49.03,77,90 

DaRiKiciatlda> 41*.  63,  77 

ilit..  -^ccteM) „ 64 

Ib^  r  attcbth  ja) 07, 79,  80 

U  a-atoetainaa),  100,  100,  121,  1*^9 

i\  iMoxontoiXM) 121 

T)  (Myx<wtocna  niucrulopidu- 

noD) eo,  100,  lai 

teqDflmil  (MyxovUmiJi),  43.  &4, 08,  8U,  U5. 

130, 124 

^■BMiU  rrt^clifMrtomiu) ^       121 

AdVOmiuI  (Tvfvtaliu) 121 

CkMm* 89 

(HolciehtfajR) ,  .  45,83 

(  ChIcmUhuuii)  ... 146 

•Ukwm     *    •  ^ ^101,145 

ii)...M.........  70,  cr7 

vWc^t- 85 

trlooc*!  )....«.... 100,  IttI 

•i^  twj,aO,  60,100,  IHO,  190 

^ 101,  140 

»'  -^niitliM) 189 

V  80 


Itfanol 


iat\ 


P»(ce. 

fBoIeiflbthyB) 83 

Bpiaema 64,90 

Ericofiroa  ....... 

Ericy  mba .— —  .— — ....  ...... ...        90 

Erimyeoo,  27,  38, 43, 54,  flO.  80,  90, 103, 136, 

140,  143 

Erofifala '-W 

orythrogaBter(Cbros*omnB) 65,79,  85 

erjrtUrurriB  (Calo8toiuii») ,,..100, 121 

cr>thrnm»  (F^tychoatoma*).. — ..         121 

ftiTthrnras  (Teretolua) 131 

E^die 16,  36,  49,  03 

«sopu6  (CatoAtomnfl)  ..............       146 

o»pas(Labeo) 101,  146 

Mtor(OUa) 6*S"9 

E»x 16,36,43.62.89 

EtbeoBloma 15,  40,59.  75,  89 

EthcjoatoratttidiE....  12, 30, 34,40,  16,57,73 

etowaiiam  (Hypeutelinni) ^6 

otowanoB  (CatOBtomuu  nigricans),  54,  1&9, 

163 
Enoalia  .^.......h...***....*...        89 

Eaiwraotis 16,  46,  61,  Bfl 

miryops  (Myxostoma),54,  86,  lOa,  115,  119 

euryops  (Terelolaa) 119 

earydtoma  (Codoma) 49;  66 

earystomus  (Pbvtogouia).— •       43 

Dvidott  (Eriocmuia) 82 

ttxilifl  (No:nriu) 87 

fixogloBtum 90 

faacialut)  (CaUwtomns)  101,138 

fa»nioIari6  (Catwtoioas) UHJ,  145 

fwuudua  (Calofltoumii) 102,  150,  3l» 

focundas^ChaamiBteii) 102,  l&U 

Oabellare  (Ethtioatoina) 15.59,75,83 

flabellatus  (Cutuootiw) 15 

tlammoos  (Plioxinnfi) 65,85 

fltsxnoNnH  (Catotitomus) ....lOO,  166 

foltam  (Polyodon) 71,81,87 

fc»ntinali»(8«lvoliim9) 16,31,63,84 

fbrmofta  (Codonia) ......».«-.  43^51 

formosas  CAlburuna) 4S 

fbniCeriaDnu(AcopiU8) 167, 176 

foretorianaa  CCalo«tomns)...lOU,  101,  167, 

176 

freteDBia  (Albarnops) ^ 

Funduhw 89 

fQrcatu8(Icbtbft'lurur*)  .-.- 8? 

galactanis  (IlyxMitlepla) ^ 

galaetiti-us  (Photogt'iiiB)  ........32,  64,  78 

GambuHia «..—  ......        ttO 

genGTOdUfl  (Aconius^, ....  -- 183 

gouer<>aaH(C:itostoiiiuB) 102,  173,  183 

gonero»ue(PanUwUmH) 102,  1H2,  W3 

glbbtwaa  (CatoaUHuiu),...« U*0,  145 


I 


I 


J 


234 


INDEX. 


[ibbootuCLttlwo).... 145 

EU a4.6ri,79.90 

Mnirdtautt 89 

eoodei(Eriinvzon) 103,  14-1,  148 

gracilis  (CutoHtomas) ...lUI,  107 

grand i pi ti Ilia  { I^hotogenis) 42 

gmyi  {Cftrpiodeaj lOA  199 

grimmi*  (Acoiiiim) 17(i 

gruuDieiia  ( llaploidoDntun} 47,  CI, 76 

gnluBtui  (CbuMiobryltoa) 46,  60,  83 

gnttntuB  (F^rcopsid)  .  — 84 

gnttata9(Z}'gODecte«t) 4tily  9i 

gnzmauioaHia  (Acomns)  ...........      176 

gnzmaaioaiiU(Catc»torous)  ......102, 17H 

Htulpoplunw 30,  34,  40, 45,  58,  fl8 

IliiploidoDotBa 47.61,70,89 

bnydcni  (Ptycbostomau) 101,  13H 

baydcui  (Teretulus; 138 

Fleiiiioplittis — ... — d9 

nemitwMiilA      65, 79,  90 

lictorodon  (Henjittomia) 65 

bMumrofu  {DoroHomaocpedlikDnna).  49,  77 

bleroKlyi^^'cna  (Zygonooteit) ...  48,  84 

blrndo  (.\inmrvc«Btea).... 87 

Huddoniaa 19,36,90 

bodaoDiiia  (CAtostomiia).  100,  lOn,  175,  176 

bj-ftliniM  {Oraticbthya) 53.  R-^ 

HjbogDftlhQB 10,  90 

Hyborhyiiobas 6:(,  78,  90 

Hydrflpblox ,.  16,  33,  36,  49,  64,  90 

Hylomyzop ...- IDl,  156 

Hyodon 48,62,  77,  «9 

HycxlontUIn) 4tf,G8,  77 

Hypeat«liiiin 151.  154,  155,  157,  158 

bypiieIopt«riiH  (ti«no)fwnn).........        42 

hypfl1notn8(C(iratichUiys)...... .......  95 

Ichtha>laniB 33,39,43,55,69,81.90 

Ichthyolms 90,  104,SI1,  313,  *i1 1 

Ictiobua 211,913 

Imoatomii 88 

incotiatjuis  ( Euoilia) 83 

li»ariptuB(NvtbonotUd) 34.83 

inKriptQft  <Xonolis) 46,  til,  83 

iosigiie  (CnloAtouma) 105 

iDaig»iii(Catoaloinus) 101, 159,  165 

ioalgDia  (Uinomus) 105 

inaignia  (Noturuit) 99,  87 

iuternipti»(Morono) 6^) 

loa 88 

irideua  (CentTftn^him)  .............  47,83 

lacbaniia  (Notenti^un*).... ....  84,  38 

iacbyrua  (lelitliyobus) 102.915,^17 

i«cbyrtin  (l^ti*>'M*"tun8) 83 

Jnrrovti  ^MiiHHnii«) lOS,  1@3 

Jorrovii  (PiuitoeUjaa).....;^......       183 


Je8S(a;(P(£C)llchthyB) 59. 1< 

keoDorlyi  (Moxoatoma) 101.  V 

Labeo 140,  U 

Ubiatna  (Catostomna)  16().  1' 

LabideatbL's  61,76, 

lAhroAui  (Ceralicbtbys) 8S,I 

lacera  (La;<;ocbtIa) 68, 103,  M 

iMCura  (Qtiawiliibfa) 68, 

lacortoaaa  (Hydropblox) 

lacLiymat')  ( Myxoatoma) 109,115^' 

lacbrymalis(Myxo»tomB  dnqnesDti).      190 
lacbrynialifl    (Myxottoroa    mwrolo- 

pidota) UO 

lacbrytnalUi  (rtychMtoniaii) 102,  ISO 

lacbrymalis  (Tftrvtalna) 190 

lactarina  (Aoomox) . 

Itctarina  (Cotoatomaa) 10:0,1? 

lacuulria  (Lota) 

LagiH-biln ....104,11 

latipinDia  (Acoiuua) V 

latipiunifl  (Catoatofuna)  . .  101, 102, 169,  r 

Lopidoateidffi 2i*,  44,  55,71,  y] 

Lepid08t«a8 29,  44,  Tm,  71,  81, 

Lepiopomua 15.30,40,  40,60,76, 

leplueaQtbuA  (Noturos) 44,  'i5, 

leauourii  (Catoatomaa) 100, 

leuciuda  (Epiaoina) 64, 

lencopa  ( Photogpnia) 

leacopna  (Pbotoguoia) 41,  B4^ 

limi(Mclumira) 84 

lineclatnni  (Rtlicoatoma) 8S 

lioma  (ChasmicttoA)  ... 919 

lirua  (NotropU)  53, 65,  PS 

Lilbolopia 90 

longicepe  ( Hybopais) 

longirofltria  (Catontomiw),  86, 100.  lOSt,  IGla 

r 

loDgiroetrmn  (CatoatomnB) 100.17( 

Lot* 

iDitatua  (Rbluicbtbya) 

1atipiDDifl(nydTDpblox} 30v' 

Luxibia 18,31.49^04,70^1 

lytbrochloria  (Xenotia).. ,...,..., 

LytbruTDH T8t' 

mnnniocpbAlna  (Alvordiaa)  ..  ...... 

niacroobiIiu(Caioat.ADiiw)..  ..109,  lOO^ 

maorochirns  (LopiopoDCtot)  ........ 

maorolnpldnta  (Myxoatoma)....... 

maerolepidotnm  (Moxoeloma) ISOJ 

mauroIepidolDin    •    i  I,  69,  M)^ 

Hrt,  1                            .120, 
irn                                                  . ,  .... 
niN                                             •,  100, 190^  19SJ 
mat^uli  1                                    !»)....      13 
mooropu tOO^i 


in       ■'■ -nUjHam) 163 

>r  iroliiu) 36,  d3 

i) 13 

•tuina) 13,34 

68,  ai 

w-  .) 13 

lit-  53,73,82 

...  -i 68 

iMaiboDotiw) &t 

i^Aetpenau) 71,  87 

(Ciuovtomas} 100,  USA 

(Pwcintt) d2 

(Eobeaeautliua) U3 

■tfclavuw  (Kotonu) 2U 

ta*  (Aiuiuraa)..... 39,87 

-     ^   •-       M «5 

uMiin) eo 

»t>»  i^'Tx.u^j 70,  83 

(Ckloaluiutts) 100.  103 

'  ua)...37,  lUU,  13(),  Ut8 

u) 27,  13:S 

iUtu>Uomik).  27,  &4, 4il>,  bO,  dG, 
100,101,137,  13<5 

oonift) VS6 

le*) 84 

(CaIohUhuiw) I'M 

nitM tii) 

tilui) 100,  Wl 

^.>>ui<i.a'«). ...... ...........         87 

^khinicblhjB) 86 

■m^kmlti  LBubaUcIitbyB)..lO-^  '206,210 
^TMinniilii  1.1'iiliiiinrnrTiin)  17,  07, 73, q2 
lU  (,t>cl«rognuttuu) :^10 

iiBiitw ea 

89 

.I&,3U,3&,40,46,GO,7&,09 

r&(Noivo(Mft) Go,  7U,  85 

in*  (Alburuup*) (VI,  78,  Ho 

(Minniltui) t>4 

LM,  107,  IbO,  181 

MliftlMM-.-/?.^  (&.  no,  90,  103,  130,  137 

■toiMiyo»ttn») 87 

IMUvtM^M 89 

ibna  (C«niUvhtbyft) 67,d6 

no,  113,  lU,  130,  140,  142,  143 

liiM 104,217 

,  90, 33, 38, 43. 64, 68, 80,  UO,  10;t. 
110,  113 

CBMnMnhy^) 80 

65,70,81,87 

, 85 

u) m 

{At-  -..,—. 300 

<Aa«ian»>» 87 

(lliitotliilitL»B) 8U9 


ntger  (Cittoetomiu} 2CU 

nigre8ccD8(Cyclept08) 100, 18(1,  190 

niH^oaus  (Ainiarus)...... 81,  67 

uiicrtcaiis  (Catodtomiis),  3:1,  54,  09.  80.  100, 
101,  158,  159,  162,  103,  167 

nigricans  (Hylomyzoa) 16^ 

Digricana(nypenteliuiu) 46,  102,  Uhl 

aiKTo£uciatui»(l]adropt«rati)  ...30.  34.  40, 

4.'/,  82 

Digromacalataa(Poiiiox}rs) 47,76 

DlvelveDiii«  (Aniioriu). ...... .        87 

mvons  (PbotoguuiB) £0,  85 

Dotatiis  (Hylwrbynvhiw) 63,  78,  84 

Dotattia  (XyatropUtca) 01,83 

uoULuH  (ZygODectes; 62,  77,  84 

NoUniiigoDU* 24,  38,  a3,  C7,  79,  90 

Nothonotaa 13,  ;i4,  58, 74,  89 

Nolropia 23,  53,  04, 7H,  90 

nottii  (ZyKonectes) 31,48,84 

Notnnis 29,44,55.70,90 

uiiclialiB  (Uyboguathas) 84 

niiuitiiitcr  (,Carpio«le») 102,  200 

ocoideotalia  (Catostoiuna)  ..  .101,  100,  172 

obloDgUH  (CypriDus) 27, 100,  140,  145 

obloujijuB  (Krimyzuu) 100,  145 

ublou^us  (La1itH>) 145 

oblont^UN  (MoxiMtonia) .. ......       145 

oblou^ns  (Turetulas)  146 

obncunia  (Lopiopouius) 46,  60,76,  h3 

obtusua  (Uhlnicfatbys) 54,67,  86 

oblont^iia  (Catoatouiua) 145 

olivftria  (Polodichthya) 70,  81,  87 

olniaUtdi  (Boleoboma) 13,  92 

oneiila(CaUMtoaiu») lul,  120 

oaeidu  (Plyohostomua) 120 

uweos  (Ltipiil(Mteaa)..29,  44,  55,  71,  81.  &7 

palUiliLs  (CatoetocDua)    lOl,  167 

pallidua  (Euponiotta)   . .....46,  61,  ^^ 

pnlliduB  (Lopio[M)mii8}  ..  .40,  46,  lU),  76,  83 
pallid tiH  (Micrt>pt«ro8),  15, 40, 46,  60, 75, 83 

Pautoaioua 103.  UO,  181 

papilloaa  (Myxuatoma) 134 

papilloaum  (MyxuAtouia}..  .26, 38,  8^>,  UfH, 

118.  134 

papUloeDm  (PtyoboatomuB) 102,  134 

papillosutD  (Toretulus) .•       134 

pcllaoidus  (PleurolepU).... 83 

Pelodichtbya. .   70. 81,  90 

peliaitlvs  (Xenotia) 83 

Perca 88 

Parcldas 46,  60, 75 

Peroina , 45,53,73.88 

Parnopaia- 69 

Phenacobius 53,117,79,90 

PliotogenU lb,  20,32, 41,  64,78,90 


236 


INDEX. 


pbotoKeniti  (NotfOpis) 23,  65,  85 

pliotof;eniH  (^quaUoa)....... ......        IE) 

PhoxiniiR 65,00 

pUoxoc«<pb^ut)  (Alvordios) 73,  82 

pi(Iu*utjiH{My3:0(itomft) dG,  118, 133 

piclieti&ifi  vl't^'Cbostomus) 133 

pitliuuHiti  (Tcrutultu) 133 

PinjophnhB 78, 00 

pinnigrr  (^EnueucanLhus) 63 

Piufopharyni 60,90,  103,107 

placioepB  ( CutoBtomos) 163 

plulycephalns  (AQiiunisJ 2ft,  33,  87 

platycepbalDK  (Pimelodus) ^ 

plslyrbyncbus  ^Minonitui) 103,  Jd3 

plat>Tbyncbne(PuntO(iteu9)..l@0,  180,  183 
plutyi  hynobnR  (Scaphfrhynohopa). .         87 

pUty»ituuiiis  (LepidoBteiu) 71,87 

plt:buin»  (Ciitotitomas)  .. ......       101,  ]$4 

pleboinn  (Minoniu.s).. .»...*. 184 

plobHiuH  (PaDlost«n8) 103,  IHi,  IM 

plob^jui}  iCutotttomaB) 184 

Pipcilichthys 59,75,  89 

ptrciliiru  (Myxostoma) 103,  116, 1^ 

Polywlou V- 71,81,90 

PolytxUmtidaj 71,81 

PouioKibns 02,77,90 

pomutiii  (Acambarcbiu) 83 

PomoxyB 47,  7fl,  89 

Potaniiwottos 47,57,73,88 

prolixnm  (Campontoma  auonialum)      16, 

49,63 

promeloa  (Pimepbultw) 78,  84 

prori>;or(Giltt) - 8S 

PlyehoHtomaB 110,  113,  lU,  136 

pnnc'tatnH  (IehthiBlania)..33, 39, 43,55, 69, 

81,87 

puDotiilata  (Micrnperca) 83 

pypi>,Ta  (M'llanura) .. 84 

P\gOS!t*J18 _ 89 

pyrrbuiiit^lafl  (Codoma) 99,85 

pyrrhoiuclas  (PhotogeniB) 23 

QanuBilubia 68,90.  103.  104,  IW,  100 

rani:hlt  (Icbthyoboa) SU,  S15 

rftveneh(Esoi) 16,  4?^,  84 

i'elIcnlatiu(Cfpriniu(CatoBtoraafl))      166 

n.>tiriilat.n»(E«ox) Ifl,  30,48.84 

retropiiinlfi(CatOHtomus) 161, 178 

Klit'ocixpta ■..-"-.. 68 

Itbiiiicbtbya  . .....,^^.^ 54,67,90 

niiylitliwitorons ...-*.; 186, 187 

robnfttnB(Ic!)lbyoljnB)-.-v... --.-...-  87 
robubluft  (PtYcli(Nitiiui«m)'-..k  i^....       IVO 

robuhtan  (TcretahiK) ISO 

rtwtaiUH  (CatDstonma)..;^. 174 

rtwtratos  (Cyprions) 174,  S16 


mbellaa  (Notrapls) . 

nibicnndo8(Aciprin9er). 71, 

mbricrocena  (Hybopnu) 

rubrlcnwnua  iHydntpblox) 39,64, 

Tubrifron9(CL>ratichthj8)  .. .32,  3(^ 

mbrifronB  (Noconin) 30,38 

nibrlfiroDB(Nutr(v]n9) ....*        S 

raBUneatns  (Nc^tbonotna) 66,81 

rnpeatria  ( Ambloplitw) . .  .40,  46,  00,  75,  88 
8n]taoides(Micn7pU^U8)..:U}, 3'*i,  10,  46^ 

aalmoueinn  (Sliiioat«(faiUBi)..,4ft,00,T\1 

BAlmonens  (Ewix) 

Salmonids .....16, 31^ 

aaladanaa  (Albormipa) • I6f ' 

Salvelinire 16,31,0^1 

flangQitlnmt  (Notbonolaa) 75^  > 

aaufniiuol*^^'*  (Xeaotb) 31,46,61, 

sayauuft  (Aphododerua) 41,  47,  i 

scabrir«i>H{Epfsemn) 

Bcapbirhyncbopa 

Scwnidie 47,  fil, 

Sclorognatbofl 190,  193,  201,  'JU'i.  21 

aoopiforaB(PhoDaoobina) 

aelpiie  (UaqMuths} lOlt, 

Buleuopti  (Ilyodou) <W,  thl,  77, 

Somotilna 26,38,43,54,1^,00,1 

Bbnmarrlit  (Itnaaionia) 

mcculnn(l>abid«s(he0) 0t| 

Slluridic 28,  S3, :»»  43,  5G,  0P, 

afmotonim  (Diplealain) 58^7^1 

■iiuulaiiM  (HL'iiiioplites)  .... ....... 

apatala  (Ijitholepis) 

apcctabilis  (PoLTilicbthys) 

spt'i'trrninnhin  (AlbiirnopB) Ill, 

apeln^ua  CAuiblyupsis) 

f(iibt4!rranens  ( Tjiiblicblhys) 

auc4^tla  (C'utOAti.iniiis) .    .        1 

anct^tiA  ({.'yprinns) 'S 

8t»c«tta(ErimyK»n),ST,33,  t 

100, 101,  1S8;  144,  U 

sTic«Uu(Moxo«toam) -.,  U 

sorf^ita  (Tert'toluB)  .  K 

snckley]  (CatoBtotnuB)  U 

anckitt  (Catofltomns) Wt,U 

HiiperciliuKnndlyborbynehoa) 

ftqTi»nnc!«>pd  (Ktheoatoma) 

Btclliforam  (XenUnia) -VH, 

■tif;u)iC4V  (BoUMjKnma) - . 

ati;vmjca  ([Jlocpiitra) 

BtiKiontnra  (CfMloraa) .. 

■tiguiatnnm  (Hrot<i«,5cn?a)  ...,. 

RtlltMti'i  I'Nfttropisj 

S  in il^iiO.TSr^ 

at  '    i.ibv-i^buB)  ....»  ..14lf 


ESIffX 


1  vAUMIMfB} ?tf 

(CinmnMi) lis 

Mcorii  (Crprinvft} l.L 

nearii  (Cypffiaaft  <rni— ■■■. ....      1^ 

naohi  (PtjcboMomw) L£S 

Mnirii(Tcn»lBB) V£ 

UhoMUB  (Cmomobw) 161.  ir> 

Taaridcft ^ 

(BafattUehthjm) 5a.  -Jl6 

(Cacpiodes) 101.  et» 

(NotrapM) ^  7?,  *C> 

Iwe  (Mornrtnuw) 101. 1-16 

tainU  (Erimrxoo) 146 

tarn  (CatMtomiis)..  100, 101. 102. 159. 166 

TcflMolu llOi  113, 114,  140 

(FbeDaeobiiu) ^ 

(Hjodon) 77,54 

twitUato  (Etlieortoma) 59,  €3 

TatniKonoptenu S9 

tazuras  (Catoatoams) 103, 1G7 

tihalawDa  (Myxoatoma) 131 

ttalaauDnm  (Uyxoatoma)  ....86, 117, 131 

ttalaauona  (NothoDotoa) 13,  6fi 

tkalamniM  (Ptychoatomna) 10^  131 

thalaHiona  (Tetetolos) 131 

tfaovpaoDi  (Carpiodaa) 101, 195, 196 

thoapaooi  (lehthyobna) 198 

tbonaviaDna  (Semotiloft) 43 

ThTmaUoa 80 

tikaii  (Catoatorona) 101, 174,  218 

tnehroiatia  (Codoma) 50,  S> 

TViKlopais 88 

ttinffoatam  (Erimyxon) 166,  167 

triaignatam  (Uoxoatoma) 103, 167 

tabcrcnlatoB  (CatoatomoB) 100,  Ma 

tamidoft  (Carpiodea) 101,199 

tamida*  (Icbtbyobna) 199 

Typblichthyi 80 

rioeantra 45,73.88 

Cnaidca  88 

araoopa  ( Pbeoaoobioa) 67,79,86 

anw  (Balalichtbya)  -.69,  87, 101,  206,  209 

arai  (Carpiodaa) 101,201,209 

(Sclerognatbiia) 206 


T*Ma  c»;tol«m»    

ViL^irii,'. 

Tmzk^'dKla  A*-Jk' 

T«^A  ^M«,-XiM40CCJt 

TitUrA  .Mvx.'vUKiia^ 


Telainm  vTeivCDlu*^ i:^ 

T«Ia:a»  J^Tcbt>»t«>oiu»> U%.\  1^ 

vclaio*  ^Tc-rviulaa^ 1.^ 

T*iir<r  vC*r|»iod*»^ :^v.  liU,.  W 

T«Ufrr  vCaUi»loiuu«^ UV.  I  A* 

velifrr  vlclhyobu*) UV» 

Tiotoria>  ^Moxtwtuum^ **7.  Uv^^ 

vir«sc«U0  ^Pautwleuv^ U*"*.  1?^^} 

viridw  v*-^l»*o*»l*ry<*"*) ***«  •'''»  ■'*** 

\iintk  vloa) •*■* 

TitrvuDi  ^StizoBiotbiiiui) U'.S^t 

TittatavHtMuitmuia) 6.'*,  T9,  S'» 

vittatUB  (CatOHtoiuuB) UK',  UCt 

Titutus  (BubaltcbthyH) 'Ml 

TituloB  (Carpiodvn) HU 

valgnris  (Auguillu),  31^  'X\  :t9,  44,  ;t.\  70, 

valDeratuB  (NotlioiiotuH) r»H,  ^\* 

wincbelli  (CentnirohuH) iu\,  OtS,  H(i 

winctielli  ( lly bopHiH) W 

xu*DOCopbaIu8  (Uydmpblnx) -ll* 

xtuuoctipbalua  (liyboiMm) 49 

xiuimra  (Cuduiiiu) '.>7|  K'» 

xu;ouru(t  (MinniluH) 'M 

xaotbocupbuluH  (AuiluriiH) H7 

xautbopuB  (CHt4Mt4>iiiuH) Ut;t 

XeuUnia '1^,  iW,  "7,  hu 

XcnotiB    :U,  46,  61,  76,  K» 

XyHtmpliteH I>1,  hU 

yarro wi  (PuiitoHt«iiH) I  Kl 

zaneiiius  (CorutiubtbyH) 21,  h; 

zouultB  (NoihuiiutuB) .V,  r'.j 

ZyRODeclea 31,  4h,  *W,  77,  M'J 


^9pavim9ni   of  fhe   3Snfevior: 

U.  B,  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


13 


BULLETIN 


OF  THE 


WTEI)   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


N"©.    13. 


PUBLISHED  CNDEa  THF  DIRECTION  OP  THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITTTION. 


WASHINGTON: 

aOYEBNMENT    PBINTINQ     OFFICE. 
1879. 


THE  FLOEA 


or 


ST.  CROII  AND  THE  YIRGIN  ISLANDS 


BY 


:^^AJRON  H.  F.  A.  EOQERS, 


WASHINGTON: 
OOTEBNHSNT    PBIKTING    OFFTCi:. 

1879. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


This  work  is  the  thirteeuth  of  a  seiies  of  papers  intended  to  illustrate 
tke  oullectious  of  natural  history  and  ethnology  belonging  to  the 
tnited  States,  and  constitating  the  National  Museum,  of  v,\nch  the 
fliithsonian  Institution  was  placed  in  charge  by  the  act  of  CongreRS  of 
JUgiwt  10,  1S46. 

It  has  been  prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Institution,  and  printed  by 
atbority  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

SPENCER  F.  BAIRD, 
Secretary  of  the  Smithftoniun  Imtittttion* 
Smthsoxiai*  Institution, 

WaJihiHfftanj  May,  1879.  ' 


the  east  of  the  i»\san\  of  Porto  Rico,  between  IS^  5'  and  180  4o'  N. 

an<l  04<>  «V  rtinl  Cr>^  35'  W.  long.,  Ktretclies  a  dense  cluster  of  .some 

-  -    -nil   ntuneroird  snuiller  islands  for  a  distance  of  about  8^  miles, 

.!<?!  Vnown  by  the  uauie  of  the  Virgin  Islands.    The  jirinripal 

landA  arc  Vieques  and  Cnlebra,  belonging  to  Spain,  St.  Thomas  and  St. 

belonging  to  Denmark,  aiid  TorUihi,  Virgin  Gorda,  and  Anegjuhi, 

-    -  r^vr  tf)  Kngliiod.    The  snperfidal  area  of  the  larger  islands  ia  only 

\o  lO  square  mile^,  whilst  the  Hmallor  ones  ai-e  njostly  uninhabited 

tM,  or  even  rocks,  some  of  which  are  neai-ly  devoid  of  vegetation,  tha 

t-Une  of  them  all  l»eing  sinuous,  and  fonning  numerous  small  l)ays 

crcok«*    The  wliole  gi-ouj)  is  evidently  a  submarine  pi-olongation  of 

'UOfUitmim  of  Porto  Itieo,  showing  its  tops  and  higher  ridgois  above 

luT<*l  of  the  sea,  the  depth  of  which  between  the  various  islands  and 

to  Rico  is  only  from  (>  to  20  fathoms.    The  declivities  to  the  north 

a  -*       f'lth  of  the  ridge  on  tiie  reverse  jire  very  steep,  nolM>ttom  hav- 

iind  25  niile^i  to  Ititr  soulh  in  200(1  futhom.Sf  and  <S(Mniles  tu  the 

Uw?  Challenger  Expedition  found  a  depth  of  about  3.S50  fathoms, 

grvAtest  vver  mi.'asuivd  in  the  northern  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Tbi»  greateat  height  in  the  Archiiwlago  Is  attained  in  its  central  part, 

ThomiM  reaching  up  to  1550',  Tortola  even  to  ITSO',  St.  Jim  and 

Iq^i  Gorda  b<*hig  a  little  lower,  whilst  the  hilla  in  Vieques  and  Cule- 

to  ibft  w««l,  are  only  5tKl'-tW0'  high,  and  Anegada,  the  northeiunteni- 

[itvSiMuiish  name,  ih(.'innnclated,imi»lies,  merely  a  low  or  half- 

iflland,  nlevated  but  a  few  feet  over  the  h^vel  of  the  sea.    The 

ritml  i-slaodft,  therefore,  present  the  nppeai>ance  of  a  steep  ridge,  pre- 

IpitoiuOy  Klopiug  to  tlio  north  and  the  south,  and  cut  ni>  by  numerous 

1,   'iiii,     heavy  rains  arc  the  beds  of  xmall  torrents,  but 

i-:     ithout  running  water,  and  which  at  their  h)wrr  end 

■  small  l«vel  tractA  on  the  sea-coast,  often  forming  a  lagoon  on 

y*.    Between  these  level  tracts  the  coust  is  usimlly  xc" 

i;uu.  :Mit.  Mus.  No.  13 1  l 


4 


FLORA   OP   ST.   CROnC   AND   THE   VIBGIK   I8LAKZ>S. 

tioM  niid  rocky,  forming  uhnipt  proinontori^  of  ooii8idcraU«  h4 
titid  picturesqae  iip]>eurunee,  tLe  liills  and  ridges  <m  the  oUip  t 
Ix'ii)^  nifut:  roiiuded  and  uf  a  softer  otitUne. 

Tlie  wbol<^  group  of  inlaiuls,  with  tlie  exception  of  Ancgada 
buHt  u)i  of  a  tertiary  UiucHtono  of  very  recent  and  probaMy  pUo< 
dati^,  iM'loniTH  to  the  uretiiwoiia  iK'rio<l,*showiug  as  tho  priucifkul  voi 
breccia  i>f  fclnito  and  8trf)ria<'tH)U8  stOTien,  the  cementing;  part  of  wj 
prol)iibly  ootisi^tM  of  di.*<:oinpos<Hl  hoiiiblcude.  and  having  its  cavj 
c'omuiouly  filled  with  quartz  or  calcareous  spur.  Besidea  thU  priD(| 
t'fH'U,  which  is  oftfu  found  distinctly  Ktnitified,  and  which  U  ca 
Ithieliit  by  the  hduibitant*;,  who  gfnenilly  trnjihiy  the  stouf  for  buiW 
niatorialn,  limoAtono,  diorite,  chjy -slate,  and  other  less  frntnenl  min< 
aI«o  occur  in  the  inlands,  forming,  however,  only  a  poor  snbstmtiu^ 
vcKt?tation  everywhere.  For  the  product  of  the  de(»ni])o(unl  roc 
generally  a  red  heavy  clay.  Only  Vie<ines  shows  a  more  fertile  .^kh'I, 
iluci'il  by  the  aUenitiuD  of  a  syenite-like  diorite,  its  more  level  MirfiM 
the  same  time  allowing  the  fertile  strata  to  remain  on  the  surface;  w] 
in  the  other  islands  the  heavy  rains  as  a  rule  will  wash  the  loose  « 
Ing  of  the  gnmnd  downj  to  the  sea. 

From  various  facts  observed  in  Anegada  and  Virgin  Gorda  by  81 
Bt^hornburgk,^  as  well  as  by  Mr.  Scott,  in  Vieques,  at  Porto  Ferro  ] 
it  appcoTN  tbut  at  the  pretjcnt  period  the  whole  chain  of  islands  ivtd^ 
rising,  so  that  jM'rhnps  in  a  geologi<:;dly  speaking  not  ver>'  distant' 
ujost  of  the  islands  may  become  connected  recipixically  and  wiij^ 
Rico.  H 

To  the  south  of  the  Virgin  iKlands,  at  a  distance  of  id>ont  3!2  miliftj 
between  ll'=>  40'  and  IT"^  47'  N.  lat.,  0-4'='  35'  and  04*^  W  W,  long.,  lii^ 
iwhind  of  St.  f'roix,  geographically  eonsidereil  an  ontlyia*'  pai-^ij 
former  group,  but  separated  from  it  by  an  immense  chasm  of  n^| 
•JOOO  fathoms,  a«  slated  alwve.  This extraordinarj-  crevii-e  \isw  nrffl 
been  fanned  at  an  early  p*u'i(Hl,  and  has  in  various  ifK|>ect8  coqAh 
materially  to  isolating  the  island  fiimi  its neighliours.  ^H 

St  Croix  is  of  about  57  square  miles,  and  hns  atrinngular  form,  witl 
greatest  length,  some  20  miles,  from  east  to  west,  the  greatest  bre 
lu-ing  iittont  T)  miles,  in  the  western  jiarl  of  the  island,  which  beq 
grudiuUIy  nanmver  towards  the  east.  The  coasl-Iine  is  moix*  e 
and  the  surface  moi'o  level  than  in  most  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
h:  'mg  the  northern  coast  and  til 

"  I   ii  N<      "n  lit.    (..old;;}  ttf  till*  Nnl1  ll-<-ast«Ttl  Wi-st  Iltih.i  i-l,;ii'l- 


FLORA    OF   ST.    CROIX   A^D   THE    VIRGIN   ISLANDS.  3 

rearhftig  in  mooic  x>lace8  aa  high  as  liHO'  (^loiuit  Eagle),  bat 
•itragiog  4»KH-8(HK  Hilly. 
Hm  niok  of  thctKi  hills  is  nearly  the  same  Q»  in  the  above-named 

" 'Tioajurh  the  lihu-bit  of  this  hitU^r  occurs  mort^  rjirely,  und  is  sub- 

'   i  ;•  a  tine,  trreyiwh,  stmtitted  clay -slate,  witliout  vestiges  ol*  iiny 
Ifupaii'  luuainH.    Tlie  strnta  of  this  slate  are  often  very  much  disturbeil, 
\mm  Vt  pitwent  an  excHX'diufjly  broken  and  overturned  appeanmee.    The 
'■-   -     ■.  ni  piirt,  of  the  islun<l  ionns  a  hirge,  slightly  inclined  plain, 
I .  'is  the  south,  and  interrupted  in  a  few  places hy  low,  short, 

|«AAnt  ridpcea  only  200'-30ty  high,  antl   formed  of  a  tertiary  lime- 
of  the  mioeene  period.     This  lune«tone  is  covered  by  a  layer  of 
and  marls  Kome  fc^t  thick,  but  shows  itself  at  the  surfaeo  in 
iUceJ4,  tuid  contains  several  fossils,  iiaitly  of  still  existing  species 


tg  the  eoasta  are  fonnd  some  new  alhuial  formations,  often  enelos- 

Qjf  Upmuji,  some  of  which  are  of  considerable  size.    These  lagoons  are 

*wa?  gradually  fiUwl  up  by  vegetable  mutter,  as  well  uji  by  sand  aud 

Jnne*  wiuheil  down  by  the  rains  fmm  the  hills;  but  whilst  in  the  Virgin 

iiy  similar  higoous  have  been  raised  already  several  feet  above 

iif  the  Ht'iij  and  laid  con>pletely  drj-,  no  such  thing  has  been 

ndiu  St.  Ci-oix.    This  seems  lo  uulicatr  that  lut  rising  of  the  gi*ound 

g  ploee  iu  the  latter,  an  is  the  case  in  the  former,  as  n)eut1one<I 

From  its  whole  Htrueture  and  furmatiou  it  may  be  infen'ed  that 

fertile  in  SI.  Croix  than  in  most  of  the  Virgin  IsIaudSy 

,  led,  the  sugar-caue  being  cultivated  to  a  cousiderable  ex- 
*<o  the  ialaud. 

^'Hifliit  thuii  the  geology  of  St.  Croix  and  the  Virgin  Islands  presents 

Doi  tuumi>ortant  ditferenees,  the  climate  may^  on  account  of  their 

d  position,  as  "well  as  elevation  above  the  sea-Ievelj  be 

Uy  the  same  in  both. 

Inoironlana:^  with  the  geogniphicjd  position  of  the  islands,  the  temi>era- 
ii  nry  confttant  nnd  liigh,  the  yearly  mean  average  being  27.2°  C, 
Be  '  ■  illy  overall  the  mouths,  llieetddest,  February,  show- 

11 i.iuest,  SepliTuher,  28.!P,  a  dill(«n*nee  ol'  3.3-  only.    The 

ttoifMniiity  i»  obsenod  in  the  daily  variation,  which  sean^ly  ever 

QPf  the  theraiometer  risiug  gnulually  from  f>  a.  m.  till  2  p.  m., 

dually  during  the  rest  of  the  21  hours. 

^'  -    '1  temperature  at  the  various  seasons  of  the  year 

•fflali  lo  atltsrt  the  life  of  vegetation  to  any  very  iHTceptible  ex 


FLORA  OF  ST.   CnOIX   AND   THE   VIKGIN   ISLANDS. 


tent,  and  it  is  therelbre  the  varmWe  degree  of  raoistnre  at  dill'orent 
which  chiefly  pi-i)dtu:e»  any  variatiou  iu  the  duvtlopmeut  of  v 
life  ;»t.  the  difVt*i"ent  seasons. 

The  lowest  teuiiK*raturo  observed  at  the  sea-level,  in  the  shade, 
the  hij^hest,  3ci.3^.  In  the  stiu,  the  uiercui'y  will  souietimeH  rise 
as  5I°f  bnt  as  a  rule  does  not  surpass  40^.  Obsei*vatioD«  mad 
Thomas  by  Knox  •  and  myself  show  u  dceifose  of  about  U°  for  an 
tion  of  every  800',  which  gives  to  the  highest  ridges  in  St.  Tho 
Tortola  an  annual  mean  temperature  3j'^-4o  lower  than  that  of 
a  difference  suiUcient  to  x»roduce  sonie  variation  ui  the  flora 
])arts.  Tlie  northern  sIoi>e  of  the  hills,  from  lieing  the  greatei 
the  year,  viz,  from  August  to  May,  l^»ss  exiK>aed  to  tlie  ray«  of  the  i 
aie  generally  also  somewhat  cooler  and  more  moiut  than  the  south 
ones,  the  consequences  whereof  are  also  felt  in  the  life  of  plants  to  ac 
siderable  extent. 

An  equal  regularity,  as  oKserved  in  tho  tenii>oraturo,  manifei 
with  regaiti  to  the  pressure  of  the  atnu>Kphere,  the  daily  variatio 
the  barometer  being  only  about  0.05",  and  the  nmxiranm  yenrly  di 
enec  only  0.2".  It  is  only  during  strong  gidos  and  hum'eancN  that 
barometer  is  more  seriously  aflected,  it  then  fulling  sometimes  as  ID 
as  2".  These  hun-icanes,  as  a  nile,  m-cur  only  (luring  the  months  fi 
August  to  October,  at  which  p^-riotl  the  trade-winds  fi-om  the  uorthe 
which  othennse  blow  most  piut  of  the  year,  generally  become  unstei 
and  uncertain.  These  constant  winds,  combined  with  the  high  t*»mp( 
tiu*e,  no  doubt  are  the  reasou  why  the  moisture  of  the  air  is  compj 
lively  small,  being  on  an  average  only  73  per  cent,  of  the  |>ossible  inl 
miuu,  thus  exciting  a  constant  evaporation  in  plants,  and  rcndcnoj 
necessary  for  them  to  obtain  a  gr(*ater  supply  of  water  thmugh  tht^ 
than  in  more  moist  cUniates.  I'or  this  reason  u  eonsidenible  qnanlit 
rain  l»ecomes  of  the  highest  importiuice  to  the  vegetable  life,  att  being 
only  form  in  which  plants  can  obtain  a  suf!1ciei»t  amount  of  water  v< 
sarj'  to  their  existence,  even  dew  Iwing  verj'  ran*  on  account  ol 
winds  blowing  also  during  the  night  tbe  greater  part  of  theywi 

Xcither  of  the  islands  in  question  ia  of  sufficient  elevutiou 
sea  to  cool  and  condense  the  utmos])htTic  moisture  brought 
tnule-wiuti,  nor  is  their  coutigurat  ion  favourable  for  detaining  th 
their  greatest  extent  being  j>arallrl  to  the  <liitM'tiou  of  the  wind 
for  the  greater  i»art  of  the  yww  they  receJvo  only  a  small  qi; 


*  Kuox :  An  HUtoi inal  Acconul  of  8C.  ThanttH  W.  1. 


FLORA  OF  SiT.   CUOIX  AND   THE   TIBOIN   ISLANDS. 


mIi,  /.irnr.  -bicdy  in  the  form  of  short,  rapid  shoTTcrs  of  only  a  few 
.iiua,  aud  it  is  uot  till  thti  wuruier  purt  of  tbi)  ytiir  that 
if/atid  (^eueral  rains  become  i>oKsIble  in  thc^e  n.*gion«i.  Dining  this 
iMff  lime,  Uic  tmde-wijuls  become  irreguhir  anil  slight,  or  are  evt*n 
Hiifr''  "  :  -nded,  a^  stated  before;  hence  the  moisture  generated  by 
tk*  <i  ,  M  iratiuu  tium  the  ocean  is  not  cai-ricd  off  as  soon  as  formed, 

Injlisalloweil  to  gather  into  rain-clouds,  and  finally  to  precipitate  itself 

pill  in  min  nearly  on  the  same  spot  'wliere  it  was  fonned. 

Fn :'  ^v;Uions  made  in  various  islands  for  a  period  of  more  than 
tui  I.  us,  ihe  annual  mean  quantity  of  rain  seems  to  be  about 

tt^NCDe  in  all  the  islands,  averaging  41!"^i";  the  eastern  parts  of  all, 
[» ticiox  more  exposed  to  the  direct  action  of  the  winds,  always  show- 
nij:^         '     ibly  smaller  quantity  than  the  centr.d  aud  wcsteni  ones. 

Ai;  . .  uutnih  of  tJie  yciir  is  without  rain,  yet  from  the  above  it 

*i  bd  easily  conctnded  that  there  is  a  remarkable  difference  l>etwceu 
4>nuioDH  months  in  this  rc8]>ect:  the  diiest, February',  having  only  on 
'  -  r  1..V';  tlie  wetti'.st,  October,  of  7.0";  nrid  to  tliis  difl'erence,  at 
-  {tcriiHls  of  the  year,  it  is  cliieUy  due,  that  notwithstanding 
tti0ftiiifin7D  temperature  all  the  year  round,  j'et  some  variations  in  the 
«(M  ttud  luUMisity  of  vegetable  liie  ai'e  observed  in  the  various  sea- 

IttAh  the  annual  and  tJio  monthly  quantity  of  rain  are  subject  to  vaiy 

oaddrrubly,  one  yi^ar  sliowing  23",  or  in  some  places  18"  only,  another 

^pm  70"  or  "d".    A  still  greater  dit!*ereuce  may  be  observed  between 

HiMinw  months  of  diflerent  years:  thus,  February  ha\ing  had  one  year 

^^VMy,  anothei*,  on  the  contraiy,  '^.lit"-  May  0.47"  the  <me  year  and 

^P^*'  Um!  other.    Those  exccssivx)  variations  most,  no  doubt,  materially 

*^  T[-^tablB  life,  indicating  at  the  same  time  a  considerable  degree 

»'  ^     [H'ct  to  tflrought  in  the  perennial  plants  indigenous  to 

.  ,  -:  1  1  L^  alluded  to  above,  acting  upon  them  in  a  similar  way 
•  tktf  vfiriutious  In  temporatur<3  iu  colder  chmatcs. 
H   ^  number  of  days  on  which  rain  fulls  averages  for  the  peritHl  from 
HMfe-'  ■   ■  "  If,  giving  a  mean  fall  of  ruin  of  0/2T"  \wt  diem:  April 

I^^B*  ,     r  unnber,  U;  October  the  highest,  10.    From  what  ha^ 

ii      •t"  ro,  it  Is  o\-ident,  liowever,  that  the  small  monthly  quantity 

injig  the  dry  part  of  the  year,  viz,  Jaumu-y  to  April,  divitled 
'  munlK'r  of  days  (s<»  as  lo  amount  In  0.11"  or  0.18" 
'  of  no  great  importance,  as  it  is  [H'eciijitated  in  a  short 
cTuL  tor  ]>uuetxatiug  into  the  soil,  aud  so  is  very  suou 


6 


FLORA    OF   ST.    CROIX    AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


cvftporatwl  again  by  the  ocHod  of  the  sun  and  the  trtwle-wind  combin 
It  in  not  till  May,  when  the  increaspd  (quantity  of  rain  is  eufficiimt  1 
IK'Dotrate  the  parched  soil,  that  its  intincni^  and  effect  npon  ve^retatic 
iii:ilo'«  itwJf  felt  l>y  i^iifwt^l  lifo  and  activity  in  all  the  various  brant^i 
ol*  Ihc  vcgulablu  kingdom  in  K^'ucraL 

Looking  at  the  vegetation  of  St  Croix  and  the  Virfmi  IslaiidN  in  I 
generality,  and  without  entering  into  details,  we  may  consider  it  to  1 
idrntica),  an  a  whole,  showing  the  same  main  features,  and  natural 
divided  into  four  distinct  formations,  as  iu  most  otlier  Wewt  Jnd 
ItdandH,  viz.  the  littoi-al,  the  flhmbby,  the  sylvan,  and  the  region 
cultivation,  connected,  of  course,  here  and  there  by  intermediate  fomi 
tioni^,  but  on  the  whole  virtuully  distinct  from  diflTerc^ut  blologie-al  col 
ditions. 

Beginning  with  the  littoral  flora,  we  find  along  the  coast  in  Rhallo 
water  ft  multitude  of  Alga*,  among  which  are  round  some  marine  Phan 
rogama*,  cspwiMlIy  the  common  Thtilofisia  IcHinHhutm  and  Cpmodovi 
mamitonttHj  «nd  in  less  quantity  the  beautiful  little  Halophifa  litiitloni 
a  rrrently  dirtcov(»red  Potamea,  with  oval  delicate  leaves,  and  gn>wii| 
gregariously  on  the  bottom  of  the  sea  iu  cwir»e  grnveh  Tho  Tegcl;ttl< 
of  tropical  seashores  is  of  a  very  aniform  character  all  over  tho  worii 
tlie  physical  comlitions  In-ing  similor  on  them  all,  and  the  nugrjitW 
IVom  one  shore  to  anotlier  l»eing  ex<^iHlingly  farilitattHl  by  the  sea  i 
well  aa  by  bird«,  storms,  and  tho  action  and  interconrse  of  the  Inlia 
itants.  Thn.s,  the  same  species  of  littoral  plants  are  fomid  on  nearly 
tho  West  India  ishvutls,  many  of  tbem  also  iuhabitants  of  far  dintai 
(shorea  on  the  African  and  Asiatic  continents, — ^Itehmging  to  the  cogml 
polttan  and  transoceanic  sivecies,  d  list  of  which  was  first  prcparvd  h 
Robert  Brown,  and  afterwards  augmented  by  A.  DcCandoIle,  and  whi 
»tH-»m  to  possess  an  extraordinur>*  faculty  for  migration.  Acconling 
the  ditfeivnt  character  of  the  «!oast,  as  sandy,  nM^IvV,  or  awampy,  t 
vegetation  on  it  a1^.>  assumes  a  different  fuspect. 

On  the  sandy  shore,  which  is  compose<l  of  a  flno  white  gravel, 
sisliug  principally  of  innumei-able  pieces  of  broken  shells  and  oora 
and  thus  forming  a  lliick  layer  of  carlH)ualc  of  lime,  we  »ee  a  ItixnH 
Mont  of  treea,  shrubs,  and  minor  phintJ«,  ^vhlch  all,  on  acconnt  nf  t 
umlerground  water  collecting  from  th©  hills  abo\^  gi-ncraJly  hav« 
green  appearance  all  tho  year  mund,  even  when  tt  "  t 

ptv»cul  a  wilhcrwl  aspect  ftx»m  wmil  of  nun.     Ai 
iug  here  the  utost  prutuinent  are  tbu  mppoiintMr  '^  tb«  C 


fLOBA   OF  ST.    CROIX    AND    THE    VIUGIN    ISLANDS. 


'-''—    ^lirymhnJamut  Icaro^  iirnl  CaitvUa  alha,  liu.sidoH  tli»>  Cocfm 

It  i.s  |>)[iTit4?<l  and  iiaturalizod,  OKi>c<.-iiiny  on  the  lc»w  sandy 

fCMtHiTK    Under  thesa  tiiUer  forms  apiieor  numy  kiiidH  of  sbnths,  such 

m  EmMifppkjiflum  B7'o}cncif  Tournefortia  {/nrkjihahiiieHj  liorrickia  arfiores- 

»m»,Sntuiett  Utoralitt^  Snn'ann  maritima^  ErithoUft  friiicosay  Cftlnhrina 

OuHandinn   handuc  an<l   Bonducclfn^  and   several  otiiers. 

atlllirwmthnilhfs  and  suft'nttescont  herbs  are  Sotpvola  Pinmicri,  Tournc- 

fif^  'tmipfMMat^  Seguritiin  porUduamtntm^  Heliotropinm  curasHiiricum, 

r^rmiculatujij  Cakile  (rtpialis^  as  well  as  several  grasses  and 

m  Sporobultiit  Utoralhy  SUmotajdirum  avtvrimnnm^  and  Cyperus 

lnw«<iiut,  OA    ii]s4)   some    rcmarkuble  creepers    or    climbers,  such  as 

TjpMMu  jie^-ooprtr  wid  lAJtbUih  rulgaris, 

»l  of  theiw  flppoies  disnpiyear  on  the  roelcy  clifft,  where  they  give 

fat  nt\utr%y  mostly  nhnibs  of  a  low  growth,  and  with  thicker  or 

roriii04.<ouM  loaves,  that  are  able  to  resist  the  force  of  tiie  wind, 

ulton  trends  the  whole  plant  into  a  dwarfish  individual,  the 

/  which  are  cut  o!!'  at  tlio  top  in  a  western  direction.    Tlie 

of  these  ahmbs   are  Jttcqvinhi  armillaria^  Etcrotlendron 

M,  Plutnifiria  alha^  and  Coceolohft  ptmcUtta,  as  well  as  some 

■anoooi)hi|oi>miH  plants,  sucli  as  PlU^lrnia  anffusfi/olia,  Agare  ameri- 

Aud  a  fyw  f^arti,  iiriuci]»aliy  the  stout  MvlocachtJt  comnntnis. 

mo^•  diiri^reiit  fonus  appear  where  the  coast  Iwcoines  swampy 

^  the  prvsttinc*^  of  lagoons.    Honi  pit-Mlondnates  the  Mangrove  fomui- 

H '  ■  ineii  cliiefly  of  iMgnncidana  racemosay  Conocarpun  crectuSy  Avi- 

H^>in  h.iiV//i,  ond  UUkophorn  ManglCy  winch  all  grow  more  or  less  in  the 

^^MterltH^f.     hi  hviH  nioixt  places  wo  find  some  others,  such  as  BuHda 

^EffTw,  Anona  palmtriHy  AnthcrylUtm  Rohriiy  and  the  cui'lous  Batis  ma- 

'^E'M.  wbldi  iTHralls  lo  the  mind  the  hulophy tes  of  the  steppes. 

Dovt'vi'T  iliflV-n'nl  thest?  various  forms  of  littoral  ])Iaiits  may  appear, 
M^^nij  tu  each  olhex,  yet  Ihey  all  have  in  connnon  the  |ircdih'cIion 
dieaa,  tiic  salino  exhalation  of  which  seems  indispensable  to  their 
Some  have  even,  like  Ariccnniay  their  leaves  always  covered 
'  '  :  others,  like  BntiH  vtarUim(t„  are  true  haloph>*tes, 
fi  -•  plants  of  the  coast  in  genenility  are  found  in  the 

WtottcoTWi  of  these  small  islands.    An  exceptiou  is  made  by  the  cocoa- 
'  '  h  is  fonnd  growing  all  about  on  the  islands,  even  on  Iho 

^''•1  iL"-  hi^Uest  htlU,  oa  also  by  Cocctdoba  nvifora,  found  in  similar 


m 


loMing  (TOO)  tlie  coast  into  the  hitcrior  we  find  on  the  eastern,  and 


10 


FLO&A  OF  ST.   CBOIX   AVD   THE   VlRGVS   ISLAfiDS. 


luUTspersed  between  these  evergreens  are  seen  varioas  specicn 
arboreous  plants  with  decidtiocH  leaver,  tbe  naniber  of  wbich,  bowr^^ 
^'Uloui  is  large  enough  to  seriouKly  chiinj;e  tlie  ^'nrrul  ii:$pect  of 
forest  ns  being  unifonnly  green  all  the  year  ronn<l.  The  time  fur 
ding  their  foliage  in  these  forma  is  generally  from  January*  to 
most  of  them,  as  8tat«d  before,  lowering  prccocioualy  at  thi^  ttm^, 
the  moisture  in  tJic  ground  is  not  sotQeient  to  aUow^  them  to  retain  thel 
foliage  together  v^th  the  producing  of  the  flowers.  It  appears  e\-id«a 
that  this  is  the  reoKon  for  the  shedding  of  the  leaves,  from  the  fact  ol 
served  by  me  in  several  species  (such  aa  Putcidia  Erythrtna  and  others) 
that  individtialH  which,  from  being  t4)o  young  or  for  some  other  rcasoi 
do  not  flower,  do  not  shed  their  foliage,  but  eWdently  find  moistui 
enough  -in  tlie  soil  to  i-esist  the  drought,  not  having  to  spend  thi 
resountes  on  the  production  of  floweJi»  and  fruitH,  as  others  of  their 

The  mont  prominent  among  the  tree)  and  shrubs  with  a  decidui 
foliage  are  Spojuliast  htcOy  Schmideifa  oi'dtlcntniU,  the  enormous 
ih'ndroii  nufractnosumj  Jlnra  crcpUantt,  Casc^ria  ramiflora,  NrtWuM. 
and  Hevoral  others,  which  all  more  than  the  evergreens  cflntribnto  th( 
shore  to  the  forming  of  a  layer  of  leaf-mould  under  the  taller  forma.   Ti 
this  Inyor  is  but  scanty  in  most  places,  and  from  the  want  of  It,  ac( 
as  fr*>m  the  dense  shmlo  i>nMlueAMl  by  the  evergreen  trees  and  sbrul 
the  minor  fonus  covering  the  ground  are  comparatirely  scarce, 
ohii*fly  confined  to  ttome  Pipcracece,  Acanthacete,  and  Grnmincc,  as 
well  ns  a  few  ferns  and  mosses,  among  which  ITvmumitiM  pabnataj 
pcdata^  and  Atfplaiiu7n  pueiUum  are  the  most  common. 

A  somewhat  richer  variety  is  presented  by  tbe  numerous  epiphyt* 
that  cover  the  brunches  and  stems  of  trees  and  shnibs,  notwith^tAndinJ 
that  tlie  bark  of  the  latter,  from  the  uniform  temperature,  is,  as  a 
exceetUngiy  smooth,  and  but  rardy  covered  ^^ith  lichens  or  nio><^"- 
i*eal  parasites  only  a  few  are  met  with,  espetnally  Lorauthus  emtn 
whilst  the  nonpni'asitical  epiphytes  arc  numerously  represented 
Bromcbaceje  (prin<'ixt»lly  the  genus  TilhindsiH),  An>idefl;  (among  thn 
the  hirge-lnaved  Philodcndron  giganfcum)^  and  Orchiducei©  (ehieiiy 
den(b'ums  an<l  Oucidituus),  as  well  \i&  some  ferns.    Of  these  lattw ' 
several  siteeies  ai^  found  only  on  the  highest  ridges  of  the  ti 
at  an  ek'^^itiott  of  over  ISlKK,  there  fonning  a  fonnati^m  pr 
these  rt»gions,  comprising,  among  others,  some  tern'  •'■  '  '  i"-' 
as  Ilabeitftria  macuhttti  and  alata^  as  well  as  some  A. 
and  ferns,  among  which  the  benntiftd  Cyathea  ttrbotra  deserves  sp 
mcutiuu. 


msm 


FLORA    OP  8T.    CHOIX    ASD   THE   VIRGIN    ISLANDS.  9 

BWftff  Etnictiin*^  and  n  denae  cover  of  scales  for  protection,  whilst 
ifihm  sgain,  mtcU  ae  Anona  squanwua^  wliich  arc  apparently  witbout 
■^SkftUM  to  rcfsUt  tUo  effects  nf  dry  weather,  liave  no  other  remedy  left 
ttailDahml  their  leaver  during  a  part  ol*  the  yeai*,  and  thus  preserve 
ilbtfbtti'n^i^  ut  Iho  t^^rniiorary  Mucrihce  of  tlieir  ve;^etatiYi!  or^rana. 
All  kIh*  rorms  miTitionHd  above  are  of  very  slow  growt  h,  and,  with  the 
awftiOD  of  a  few  that  ore  used  for  burning  charcoal,  of  scarcely  any 
either  to  man  or  annuals,  for  whu^h  rf^iison  the  drnti-ict-s  oc- 
[opM  by  tbem  as  a  rulu  present  a  veiy  desolate  and  uninviting  appear- 

^km  tho  climato  becomes  sutQciently  moist,  and  the  soil  in  conse- 
thereof  mon^  de*Mniii>os(*d  and  fertile,  the  fon»st  appears  in  place 
'He  Croton  vegetAtlon,  on  the  uncultivatc<i  lauils,  especially  in  ravines 
Ok  frt«ep  declivities,  which  do  not  allow  of  cnltivation  or  gross- 
igc    As  nearly  everywhere  in  the  tropics,  tho  forest  heje  is  com- 
of  many  different  species  of  ln*e-s  uiixed  together,  a  givparious 
|»«th  being  very  nin\    From  tho  forests  of  moist-er  tropical  countries, 
kMvwr,  Hvb  woods  in  these  islands  are  distinguislied  by  imssessing  a 
fwittty  of  formA  with  thin,  herbaceous  leaves,  which  for  this  reason 
M  their  fidia^  durinf;  a  part  of  tho  year,  thus  combining  the  apjwar- 
.ffl...  i^-mkU  offH^hk^rcUuiates  with  llie  dark  everijjix^^n  forms  of 
11  >  ii\  countries.     Some  of  these  species  with  deciduous 

liATe  two  periods  for  flowering:   one  precocious  in  the  first 
ctftlieyear,  when  the  small  quantity  of  rain  seems  insulllcient 
produpc  Inith  leaves  atid  llowors  at  a  time,  and  another  later  in  the 
r,  when  both  foliage  and  blossoms  are  vigorously  developed  by  the 
moisture  of  the  summer.    Tbe  evergreens  for  the  same  nuisou 
a  \tstH  fixed  and  more  nnltnute<l  time  for  flowering,  and  seem  to 
their  roT.r.uit|f.tive  organs  whenevcn'  the  quantity  of  rain  becomes 
ui-ing  them  besides  maintaining  the  alivady  existing 
W*i(^    Among  ti      j  .  ;it  variety  of  evergreen  forms  of  trees  and 
•h^llKl  »lwll  '  ly  mention  as  the  most  couimon  m^veral  siHHjies 

i*a;  of  I. ...... ..I-,  such  as  Cuhpht/Uum  Cataba  and  Cfmiu  roaea; 

!,  ffuoh  BA  Sideroxjion,  ChryMtphyllum,  Lucuiua.  and  Ui- 
i\  nf  BalaoBSPf  a»  ZantJioxylum  and  Tobinia ;  of  Lauraceic,  ae  Kcc- 
°*^M4ni  Slid  Oil     '  I  -,  well  as  many  others,  for  the  details  of  which 

U^  r^u.^  .,.,.,  liiatieal  i>art  of  my  tivatiscj.    Others  arc  pos- 

ts by  whicli  to  aitix  themselves  to  tho  stems 
■evccal  spooicji  of  Fiuus ;  others  again  are  vine«, 
Seijunia^  Gonania,  and  Cissus. 


It  whicii 

arc  pos-  ^ 

i>f  trees  ^^M 
such  OA        1 

mA 


12 


FLOBA   OF  8T.   CROIX  AND  THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


Ccntrosema,  Toramnus,  Vijrna,  Khyucbasia,  ami  otbcrs;  grnsMeft,  !w  iJij 
pagOf  Aristida,  Sporobolaa,  Bleusinc,  Dactylocteuium,  autl  Eraj 
or  Syiiauthereie,  as  EIei»lmntopu8,  DistreptnH,  liid*?nt*,  aiul  Pih^im.  Whl 
all  these  latUir  forms  flower  diiring  tbe  greater  pai't  of  tlie  year,  tlie 
tiful  Convolvidacea},  such  as  Ipomcea  fmtiglata^  iVi7,  mnbvllaiUy  diMt 
violaceUf  aud  others,  arc  in  blossom  ouly  during  the  winter  niunUis. 
December  to  Ft!bniary. 

In  some  places  that  are  moist  enonjih,  sedges  and  semi-aquiiiii-  |<l;ini 
•will  be  Heen  growing;  hi  a  few  rivulets  wliieli  eontain  water  all  tbe  yei 
round,  and  which  are  limited  to  Vieques  and  St.  Croix,  a  few  aqoal 
forms  Ofusur,  such  as  Echinodarua  cordi/uUus^  Lcmna  ininor^  Tppha 
ffitnti/oliay  ajid  Nifmpfuva  ampla. 

Tile  iMidtures,  which  occupy  a  considei-ablo  ejctent  of  tbe  land, 
cither  artificial, — planted  with  Guinea-grass  {rmticum  maximum), 
perennial  plant,  and,  like  most  of  the  cultivated  West  India  plants,  ii 
tiiHluctHi  from  the  Old  World, — or  natural,  covered  with  various  fonnsi 
indigenous  Gramincie  as  well  as  low  shrubs  and  trees,  that  have  a 
tinually  to  be  cleared  away  to  prevent  the  land  becoming  overmn 
theai.  The  artificial  pastures  as  a  nde  are  fenced  in,  and  otYen  pmtectt 
against  the  <ljy  season  by  the  planting  of  Thibet-trees  (-4  caWrt7y<r/;^i*).no^ 
corunionly  naturalized  oveiy  where  j  the  natural  ones,  on  the  ewntniry,  ui 
generally  utH>n  aud  abandoued  to  the  cattle,  whilst  tbe  artificial  out!s 
cut  regidarly,  and  the  stock  is  not  allowed  to  enter  them. 

Tbe  gnisses  composing  the  natunil  pastures  are  sevei^al  siieciesof 
nicuni,  Paspalum,  Dactjlocti-uium,  and  Sporobolus;  some,  as  Trichoit 
iuftutariMy  being  very  bitter  and  unlit  fur  herbage.    Tlu^  roaming  ill 
of  the  cattle  everywhere  effectually  prevents  the  re-establishment  of  i 
or  woods,  which,  for  climatic  reasons,  would  be  desirable  in  many 
for  tbe  young  buds  are  destroyed  by  sheep  aud  gouts,  which  no 
have  contributed  largely  to  deteriorating  even  tbe  stdl  existing  wi 

Around  dwellings  are  found  pUmted  an<l  naturalized  most  of  the  planl 
now  C4>uunou  to  nearly  all  tropicid  countries, — wime  fniit/-boaring,  ms 
TamarinduH  indivfij  Manffiferii  indmi^  Carico.  Papaga^  iVrwso  ^'attJtMU 
CiCiteciitia  CujeU\  McUcwca btjuga;  others omamcnttd. as Poin^ittmi  rrj 
CalliundniHuiHaiiy  C(v»alpinia  pulchcrrima^  aud  otltera    Actmi)  g:irdoi 
:u*e  now  very  rare,  tlowers  being  mostly  cultivate*!  in  pots  or  boj 
Home  few  vegetables  of  C4»lder  climates  aiv  cultivatc^l  in  idiady  pi 
where  water  is  abundant-,  such  as  salad,  I'adishes,  enbbuge,  and  otl 

In  waste  phices  are  ibuud  most  of  the  trot>lcid  weods^  a*  Jii€iutt4  MMH- 


A 


rtOBA   or   8T.   CROIX    AND   THE   VIRGIN   IJ?LA^(D8. 


13 


nwitt,  Ihiwnt  Xtftel  and  ^ramo»?Mm,  Euphorbia  pHuii/na^  heterophyltay 
and  kfferici/vlui,  JUit'abiU;!  jaltrpa^  Jatropha  curctiSj  Cawia  occidcntali«j 
AUd  ttpeduUy  aereiul  kiud»  of  Sicta  and  Abntilon  aa  well  ua  eome  other 

^  --  '.'irmatlous  meuriont'<l  alM»vi^  are  nsimlly  fonnd  only  on  the 
-,  rho  isrnullrr  ones,  li-om  their  limited  size,  gener.iUy  pos- 
rhit'fly  the  llltonil  aud  shrubby  only.    The  island  of  Anegada, 
hlioiiffb  Ix'itig  one  of  the  larger  ones,  yet  from  its  stnietiue  mid  the 
i»f  il.H  w>il,  seeniR  to  be  ehiefly  covere<l  by  a  veffotation  eomi>osod 
pIiintH  of  the  Randy  shore,  l)esides  some  of  the  trees  and  slinibs 
mug  *be  settlcxaent  of  man  in  these  re^ons.    Su*  R.  Schomburgk, 
rWr  luw  jdvcui  a  deiK*n|>tion  of  the  island  in  the  Journal  of  the  Koyal 
ijtbieal  Society,  1832,  as-sorts  that  the  island  possesses  fteveral  in- 
ID^  .yperiei*i  of  pliujtJ*,  among  olhei*H  a  iie<Miliar  kind  of  f 'rotoji.    As, 
kwwi^rr.  1  Unvc  not  been  able  to  iirocnre  the  work  referre<l  to  above,  1 
rCi\  to  «iy  which  those  species  are,  and  they  are  not  men- 
's  ijuf.  Grii^ebach  in  his  Flora  of  the  British  West  liidia  Islands. 


b 


AltkNigh,  n*  Matwl  above,  the  general  eharactcr  of  the  flora  both  in 
Croix  and  th»»  Virgin  Islands,  considered  as  a  whole*  is  essentinlly 
and  dihtinetly  We,si  Indian,  yet,  in  looking  more  closely  into 
wp  rtro  Koon  struck  by  tinding  a  great  many  species  in  the  one 
b  ure  not  found  hi  (he  other.     This  is  the  more  remarkable,  afl 
'pbical  and  climntioal  jioint  of  view  the  physical  condi* 

^ .-:.  .-iaid  to  be  materially  identical. 

referring  to  tlie  list  of  plants  given  at  the  end  of  my  treatise  it  will 
mxn  timt  oat  of  a  number  of  881  indigenous  phanerogamous  s]>eoies 
'  tn  lit5,  or  c.  JjUre  found  in  the  Virgin  Islands  only,  whilst  OS, 
;.  occur  only  in  St.  Croix,  thus  leading  only  5CS,  or  less  than 
n  t<j  lioth. 
may  b*s<^xp<«twl  from  the  general  character  of  littoral  vegetation, 
fewspecieji  which  are  not  found  on  both  sides  of  the  deep 

.   .  i ding  St.  Croix  from  its  northern  neighl.K>tirs,  the  principal 

on  bring  Bnccharh  dioica,  which  only  occurs  in  St.  Croix,  nnil 
That intjmsU^  found  by  me  only  in  the  Virgin  Islands. 

•  r  diftoreni^e  is  fonntl  hi  tlte  dry  shrubby  formation,  whert^ 

'•"Mion  plants,  Mwh  as  Eiiphorhw  petiohirin^  Amcfa  mr- 

I  "I  nirrmttj  and  otherw,  arc  to  be  sevn  in  thi»  Virgin  I«l- 

ly^  8U  tJroix  having  to  itM>lf  a  few  less  coinniou  si>ecies,  such  a^ 

«i*jW  ccidofhainnu4  and  Canttla  ereeta. 


14 


FLORA   OF   ST.   CBOIX  AKD   THE   VIBOLV    ISLAKDS. 


It  is,  bowerer,  in  the  forest  vegetation,  vUieb  best  repiretenta 
origiBal  liora  of  the  ifllands,  that  tbo  greatest  and  most  vtmaA  d 
euceA  are  obftcnedj  Bliowing  efii)ecia]I.v  the  great  variety  of  Hii*.i*ieK 
the  Virj^iii  Lslonds  which  arc  not  all  found  in  St.  Croix,  and  m 
which  are  many  of  the  commonest  anil  mo»t  generally  dii^tributed  fioi 
Belonging  to  SU  Croix  alone  are  conijiaratively  few  and  rare  »! 
chiefly  some  Rhamnacca;,  viz,  Mttt/tcnus  claodcndroidcs  and  Zi::% 
refivulntujtj  Cttteaha'a parrijloruj  Deloperone  neworoita^  Petitia  DomiitgtA 
Buxtis  Vahiii,  and  L'rera  data.  All  these  fonns  occur  only  io  a 
localities,  and  are  of  no  important^,  to  the  genend  character  of  x'c; 
tion,  as  is  the  case  on  the  Virfrin  Islands  i;\*ith  many  of  the  followi 
8pe*:ie8  that  ai-e  found  on  them,  but  not  in  St.  Croix.  It  would  be  t 
much  to  mention  all  the  difleifnt  species  here,  for  which  1  beg  to  re 
to  the  apjiended  liHt  and  tjibular  statement.  I  shall  only  enumerat 
few  of  the  mostt  interesting,  (^specially  ^falpighiaceie  (us  J^^rvoni 
tucidii,  Malpighia  Cnuhi  and  angtmtifolia)^  Kutacea)  {PUocarpus  rnrtry 
trnSy  TMnia  apinomj  Xanihouylum  ockroanjlum),  Legumtuos^e  [AtOii 
florida,  Picleiia  arhtaitu,  Scsbania  sericea,  and  Acacia  nudiflonx),  i 
Sttpotaccii!  {Sapota  SidtroTt/Ion).  Auiong*  Monocotylcdones  art*  to 
mentioned  ArthmHiyiidium  capUiifolium,  lihi/vvfuwpora  pumlh,  Ditmi^ 
pilotfutsvula^  CaUipnU  nutans,  and  several  Orchids,  Severjd  of  thi 
plants  grow  more  or  leas  givgariouf*ly,  thus  iKicoming  characlcristi 
to  the  formation.  Among  these  i\w  Mofpigliio  Ciiidn^  Utynonifx  hti/t 
Acitcia  nudifloruj  Sabinca  florida^  and  M'veral  species  of  IMlca*  mmsX 
them  being  very  Common,  and  even  generally  used  for  domciitic 
poses. 

Ih'-'^idea  these  species,  entirely  wanting  in  St.  Croix,  the  \\r\ 
Itthinds  possess  sevr ral  that  are  very  common,  or  at  least  not  unonran 
on  them,  but  which  occur  but  very  rai'ely  in  St.  Cn>ix,  such  as  77/H, 
nrgentc^  Uondekiia  pihsa^  Faramca  odoraHn^hnay  Miconia  antjunti/o 
Mimona  Ceratouitt,  and  others,  nnd  most  of  which  I  have  not  found 
self  in  the  latter  island,  but  only  found  labelled  with  St,  Cmix  us  hnbi 
in  the  Copenhiigcn  herbarium,  so  that  an  ciTor  in  some  casus  at  lo 
may  be  not  at  all  impossible. 

Uowevcr  great  are  the  diffei-e^ncea  in  the  flora  on  the  twogTYiup^ 
ialnnds,  yet  this  interesting  fact  is  not  due  to  their  possessin-    -'  '  tfl 
s[>ecic^,  ns  all  the  plants  l^nown  as  growing  on  them  aix^  als> 
other  West  India  island*,  oi^peciully  Porto  Bico,  wheuee  Uio  vegera 
of  both  the  Virgin  Islands  and  St^.  C]x>i.x  iMM.*ms  to  be  derived. 


RjOBA   op  ST.   CROrX   AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS.  15 

ouDlf  to  different  periods  of  imiui^iTtition  under  varied  physical 

prt(hlJnifti8  titat  we  tuoBt  ascribe  tJie  reniaikablc  discrepauciea  iu  the 

lannf  tiiuac  appan.nitly  homogeneous  ittlantU.    Borne  fevr  8pe<:ies,  it  is 

trBB,ttrr  iade^nl  given  iu  my  list  as  having  boeu  found  only  iu  the  Vir- 

pA  libodii,  imch  iw  a  U*w  Cat^tea?,  Vermnia  Thonio',  and  the  new  species 

dNffiM  by  mtt  ou  the  present  oceaftion.    But  as  lon^  0^4  Porto  Kico, 

Bqiif  and  cren  Cubn,ai*o  hIHI  iusufficieutly  explorctl,  it  may  very  well 

donbtliil  whether  those  epocies  do  not  also  occur  in  one  or  sev- 

mlof  tbetn,  jnst  aa  several  Cuban  plants,  describeil  as  endemical  in 

UmI  uland  by  Prof.  Grisebaeh,  have  been  found  by  me  to  occur  not  at 

[limtej'  '  the  Vir^n  Islands  and  St.  Croix,  such  as  Arthrostt/' 

[.ttiw<w|,i     ,.....,( J  Kcynoma  lati/oHa^  and  E.  viucronat/i, 

it  may  thus  be  confidently  asserted  that  both  the  groups  in  question 
iwtderived  Iheir  stoctc  of  plants  from  the  neighbouring  larger  island  of 
Pirto  Hico.  Tlie  <ineNtiou  that  remains  to  be  solved  is  merely  why 
fciwthcj  not  all  received  the  sauie  speeie.**,  and  particulai'Iy  why  is  it 
ikUfiL  Croix,  although  the  largest  of  all,  has  reeeive*!  a  comparatively 
ttd  absolutely  much  less  number  of  species  than  for  instance  the  far 
••Iler St.  Thomas! 

FiirlUe  explanuiion  of  those  iiitorosting  fact«  we  have  no  doubt  to 
^  to  tUn  gi>ilogiwU  hisloiy  ol"  the  islands,  as  the  conditions  for  immi- 
PWlim  (AW  Mirsi,  even  if  jtossible  to  all  the  siMMiies,  are  essentially  the 
■Aft  in  both  ^i-oup8,  and  therefore  give  no  solution  of  the  pi'oblom  in 
IMioii. 

1  im  thiu  led  to  think  that  at  a  former  period  all  the  West  India 
^<li  have  been  connected  nuitually,  and  i>erhaps  with  a  part  of  the 
h  fontineiit  also,  during  which  time  the  plants  in  common  to 

^^«'  ' ',  :l.s  well  as  to  the  West  Tndie.s  and  the  contiuetit,  have 

Hh|i)"  irieielves  over  their  present  geographical  ureas,  at  least  as 

HpriMtbey  are  not  iKtssessed  of  particular  faculties  for  emigration  over 
Bk#  tm.  By  9  8nb.se4pient  volmnie  revolution,  St*  Croix,  as  well  as 
^*«*yi'"  *•  r  islamis,  has  thereafter  Ivon  separated  from  Porto 
-111  Irtlauds,  and  put  into  its  present  isolated  jHrnitioii, 
It  seems  to  liA^'e  retained  ever  since,  whilst  the  latter  group  of 
either  still  for  u  long  iH»rio*l  reraainetl  in  connection  with 
-  '  -  •  T-ated  at  the  siune  time  fnmi  it  as  St.  Croix,  has, 
.  bi't-n  jigain  connci'lcd  with  the  fom»er. 
piantx  noAT  found  in  the  Virgin  Gronp,  but  not  occurring  iu  St 
utmlil  tiiufl  have  immigrated  into  the  former  from  Porto  Bioo 


16 


FLORA   OF  6T.   CBOIX   AHD   THE  YIBOIM   ISLANDS. 


after  the  separatioii  of  St.  Croix  irom  the  latter,  and  imxnigmtion  wc 
fijially  have  ceased  by  the  sepai-atioit  between  them,  as  it  exislA  at 
presf'iit  perio<l.  TUu8,  the  plants  found  in  the  Vir^  Inlatids,  but  D( 
iu  St^  CroLx,  would  seem  to  have  been  more  recently  cnyitcnl  in 
probable  centre  of  vegetation,  Porto  Uico,  or  some  other  of  the  larger 
tilleH;  the  endemic  ones,  ik$  iu  the  other  inlands  also,  being  the  youn) 
of  all,  not  having  been  formed  till  after  the  complete  separation  hv.tvri 
the  islands  had  been  cfl'ecteil.  This  latter  suggestion,  which  i>erha] 
seems  oontratlictor>'  to  the  general  accepted  theory  of  considering  t1 
endemic  forms  on  oceanic  isles  as  the  remnants  of  the  oldest  orij 
vegetation,*  api)ear8  to  be  confiiTned  by  the  fact  that  even  on  st 
recent  formations  as  the  BahamavS,  which  have  as  yet  been  but  im] 
fectly  explored,  already  no  less  than  eighteen  endemic  species  have 
discovered-t 

Tlie  sup]x>8ition  that  the  islands  may  have  been  separated  from 
beginning,  and  have  receive<l  tlieir  flora**  through  immigration  over  tb^ 
sea,  is  sufitciently  confute^l,  i>artly  by  the  great  noinber  of  species 
mon  to  them  all,  which  clearly  indicates  the  connection  in  former  tim( 
with  a  l;irf!:er  country,  partly  by  the  circumstance  that  most  of  tJie 
cies  common  to  the  islands  are  iu  no  way  better  adiipted  for  migrutio 
over  the  water  than  tJiose  ]>eculiar  to  the  Virgin  Islands  only ;  iu 
but  few  of  them  apparently  possess  the  faculty  of  crossing  salt-wat 
even  for  a  limiteil  distance. 

Supposing  the  theory  of  a  prolonged  or  oftencr  repeated  counectii 
between  Porto  Bico  and  the  Virgin  Islands  to  be  correct,  it  rem 
still  ti>  explain  how  St.  Croix  can  have  obtained  a  nimiber  of  R|ie€i« 
which  do  not  occur  in  the  latter  group.    A  few  of  these  apode^,  V] 
CoHtela  ercvtay  Mnyi4^HUs  elivodcmlroiikji^  Zizyphyts  rcticulaivB^  Anthtgi 
thus  jatnaicenitiSy  and  Buittts  Vahlii^  occur  in  St.  Croix  on  the  terth 
limestone  only,  and  soem  thus  to  have  avoided  tlie  Virgin  Islands 
not  finding  there  the  substratum  suited  to  their  orgaiiLsntion. 
greater  parts,  however,  might,  for  all  ai)piirent  reasons,  as  well  occwr  1] 
the  Virgin  group  as  iu  St.  Croix,  and  their  abscncG  in  the  former  coni 
be  cxidained  iu  this  way.    It  must,  however,  Iks  understood  that  whiM 
my  investigation  of  St.  Croix  has  b«»en  thon»ugh,  and  eari'ied  on  fiij 
several  y«?ars,  my  exi>loration  of  the  Virgin  Islands  has  b€?cin  so  for  onJ 
a  part  of  them,  especially  the  Danish  ones,  my  collections  iVum 

*  nooker:  Ou  IiiMtilar  nonui. 

1  QriBob. :  Owgr.  Wrhr.  d«r  PlL.  WutiDdient^  fu  56. 


FliORA    OP  8T.    CROIX    AND    THE    VIRGIN    IfiLANDS. 


17 


•S^' 


tiniif^  orily  imiwrfcct.  Without  exi>ectiiig  too  luucli  from  tins 
ic-**,  yet  I  feel  confident  that  not  few  of  the  St  Croix  ])lantei, 
ly  wanting  in  the  Virgin  group,  m:iy,  by  HoBer  ro8earch,  still 
iTwl  t^wIng  tlicre  on  some  uf  them,  whilst,  on  the  otlier  hand, 
'I  sm  ttinally  ronfldent  that  none,  or  scarcely  any,  of  the  Virgin  Islaiids' 
^wdfg  iraDtliig  in  St.  Croix  will  l>e  found  in  the  hitter  iHlaiul. 
tl  nay  fiirthenjiore  be  observed  tJiat  seareely  any  of  the  St.  Croix 
which  I  hftve  given  aa  being  nbscut  from  the  Virgin  groiij)  aiv 
or  vifU»ly  distributed  over  the  island,  and^  are  not  possessed 
rf  any  prwit  faculty  for  conquering  ground  in  tho  struggle  for  exlst- 
Mce,  foe  wliieh  itrason  8onie  of  them  may  not  have  been  able  t*^  gain 
•teisBitm  on  the  louch  Bmaller  smfacc  of  the  Virgin  Ishmds,  or,  hn\ing 
•Mosaril  a  fi>»ting,  they  may  Imve  loHt  it  ag-ain  by  the  later  iniiiiigni- 
of  liiliCT  RpeeieA,  now  peculiar  to  the  group  compared  with  St.  Croix, 
IT'  !t,  aH  will  be  remend>eixHl,  are  gregarious,  and  gifted  with 

for  expanding  themselves. 
A  Very  few  »peeie«  fonn  an  exception  as  to  the  limited  distribution  in 
Vniix,  liacharf^  VahlH,  Cordin  alba^  and  JEgipkUa  mdrtimcemtfi^  oe- 
Miently  in  tlie  island,  but  haAing  as  yet  not  IhH'U  found 
^i  M.  in,   \  <>^in  gronjt,  although  they  occur  in  several  others  of  tho 
'rtl  tntiia  iHlaniUi.    I  am  not  jirepared  to  give  a  satisfactory  explana- 
rtf  rJiifl  fju-t  at  the  present  moment ;  but  such  isolated  exceptions  will 
lUwayn  Iw  met  with  in  the  explanation  of  general  phenomena, 
l>r(.'bubly  a  more  thorough  investigation  of  vegetable  biology 
'ftt  n  futoTD  day  afl'ord  a  satit^factory  explanation  uf  6uuh  nptiai-- 
erty  inoon«di$tent  fuets. 

I'  :  tiie  necessary  consequences  of  the  above  stated  theory  for 

cp-  '   — Tphic^l  distribution  of  vegetable  species  in  St.  Croix 

■»«1 :  1.-*,  it  would  thus  appejir  necessary  to  ennelude,  for 

MUuui,  fttrn*  the  occurrence  of  iSubinca  Jlorida  both  in  Porto  Rico,  the 
'^,  and  Dominica,  but  not  in  St.  Croix,  that  the  fli*8t-unmed 
'  ''  .\\\  oonnocteil,  when  tho  latter  had  already  t>een  sep- 
iind  put  into  its  present  isolated  iiosition.    A  similar 
rnigbr.  be  drawn  fh>m  the  distribution  of  Malpi/jhia  Cnida^ 
uce  of  Acacia  nuiiifiora  would  seem  to  prove  a  simi* 
■',  "    *■>  Itico,  and  Antigua, 

'  ly  be  pwiMumed,  as  done  by  Prof.  Grisebm:h 

ttvT.  Vcriircitang  der  Pfl.  Wcatlndiens,  that  the  distributiou 

idatcd  chielly  by  gtjographiad  distanceM,    A  closer  ui- 

'         ^'  the  various  islands  no  doubt  will  contlnn  tho 


18 


FLORA.  OF   ST.   CROIX   AND   THE   VTROrN   ISLANDS. 


theory  dra^ii  from  the  focta  olmerveil  in  regard  to  the  mutual  rt'latit 
between  St.  Croix  aud  the  Virgin  Islands,  that  geological  revotritioi 
have  been  ecjually  or  i>orhai»s  ovtii  moixj  jKjwerluIly  iutlucutial  in  aiTiui;y^ 
ing  t\u;  ditstributiou  of  Hinn-it's  than  the  greater  or  i*niaHertlif*tiiiu't?, 
tUc  similarity  of  physical  conditious. 

A  full  knowledge  of  these  interesting  facts  can,  liowo<'er,  not  l>e  ei 
[leitted  till  h  moro  thorough  explortitioTi  of  all  the  West  India  ishuuh 
htm  taken  i>lace.   Few  of  them  ore  as  yet  tolerably  well  kuown,  and  it  U 
therefore  earnestly  te  be  hoped  that  bucU  an  exploration  of  all  the  Wi 
ladies  may  soon  be  efl'ected,  the  result  of  which  wiU  no  doubt  be 
llio  highest  im^Kirtauco  both  to  botany  and  to  all  otheT  lirandies 
nutnral  science. 

It  generally  rcquiix^s  the  accumulated  study  and  knowledge  of  gv 
ations  before  the  less  jvilpable  aud  moi'e  delieate,  but  often  moHt  im] 
tiuit,  fiu*ts  in  natural  history  can  be  explained;  (he  West  Indii-^  Imr^ 
bei'U  cnnipiiratively  well  studietl  siiice  the  utiddle  of  the  last  eentniTr 
ami  it  wouUl  seem  well  now  to  follow  up  the  work  iu  order  to  complei 
a  thorough  inveutigntian,  which  might  be  nsed  aa  a^  basiu  for  the 
phvuation  of  similar  fact«  observed  in  other  aud  less  well  known  {Murti 
lif  the  world. 

The  flon*  of  thft  Virgin  Islands  and  St.  Croix  has  been  Htndied  li 
several  botnnifitH,  Homo  of  whom  hav^  publiKheil  the  rcsulta  of  th<*iT 
Heareh,  whieh  has,  however,  among  the  former  gPoni»,  been  ehiellj'  con 
lined  to  the  Danish  islands^  the  KngliHh  and  particularly  the  S]>aiLiAl 
ones  ha\nng  i\H  yet  Ijeen  only  Imperfectly  explored. 

PublicationH  on  the  Qora  of  these  islands  are  given  by  West  in  h! 
DescripUon  of  St  Croix  (Coiwnhagcn,  171)3);  Schleehtendal,  Flonih 
Ins.  St.  Thomap,  iu  Linna'a,  182ii-;Jl  and  1SS4;  and  Kgpers.  Floi-a  of  St 
<  'roix,  Ilk  the  V'idensk.  Mcdd.  fm  Naturiiist.  Koi^ning  (Coi>eniingenj  I*****! 
bcffddcs  minor  contributions  hi  VahVs  Kclogiie  Aniericana*!,  Syml)Olit9 
tanico*,  and  Eniuneratio  IMantanun,  Kreb«  iu  Naturh.  Ti<lKskH(t,  IS41 
ou  the  llora  of  3t.  Thomas,  Dc  Candollc's  Prodroiuu*,  luii!  Gri- 
Ktora  of  the  British  West  India  Ishinds.  This  latter  work,  n 
Uxiin  wuut  of  material,  scarcely  ever  mentions  tlie  British  Virgin  Islni 

Collectiou»  of  idants  fh)m  the  ishinda  in  (question  arc  tViund  eUiefly 
the  Mii.senm  of  thr  linTaninU  li:irtleu  in  <'o[M*iihageii,  as  will 
teivd  in  other  European  herbrtdn,  collected  |tnneipally  by  v.  llohi,  -  .^^ 
Dr.  liyuu,  LinIiii,  UJedl6,  Lllenoiuler  in  tbe  fHiar  ef^ncury,  bjr  lU'unui 
\Vahlnmnn,  Ebrenlwrg,  Dr.  Knvn,  Dr.  llontbeek,  Duchassnirig,  Htlioot 
burgk,  Piee,  W.vdlcr.  Oreled,  Kitlis^  and  Eggers  iu  tbc  pnnent. 


PtOOA   OF  ST.   CBOIX   AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLA^'D& 


19 


k 


Bie  (bliuwinx  li^t  of  plauU  ii'um  St,  Croix  aad  tlie  Yirgiu  Islands 
focDcti  OD  uij*  osru  collections  and  the  pubticatious  or  collections  of  otlicr 
:  ir^e*^  1013*  species  of  phauexug:aiuous  and  vascular  co^j- 
J  of  wliicii  8S1  aw*  indigeuoua  and  132  naturalized,  tboye 
■MMjcnluva.t'Oil  being  added  in  brackeU  after  each  family, 
lb dt^Ceriuiuiug  the  Bpccics  I  have,  besides  consulting  the  more  itu- 
'  vatematical  works  on  botany,  as  much  as  iwssiblo  fol- 
'  LiacU'e  btundurd  work  ou  the  Flora  of  the  Kritish  Wesf^ 
iiMliA  Idljuids^  to  which  I  therefore  beg  to  K^fer  when  no  other  aathority 
i*  |iT«a.  Synonymes  and  references  to  other  authors  are  given  only 
it  was  tbought  desirable  to  supi)lcmeut  the  Flora  of  Urisebach  ia 
nmipi-cl- 
1\)  t\m  specific  names  of  plants  I  have  added  only  such  statements 
nut  giTKU  in  Grisebach's  work, — iis  local  name,  time  for  flowering, 
QflCjOa  well  as  descriptive  remarks,  where  my  own  observation 
illertnoe  from  the  description  given  in  the  flora  mentioned 
»knre, 

lo  rvferriug  to  SchlechtendaJ,  or  the  herbarium  of  the  Copenhagen 

'  ..  I  have  used  the  abbreviations  Schl.  andllb.na\*n.;  in  quoting 

I  Schlethtcndal,  their  respective  works  on  St.  Croix  and  St, 

ail,  mentiont^  above,  are  understood  to  be  referred  to. 

Sfd«rial  hicalities  for  habitats  arc  givcii  only  where  a  plant  ia  rare,  or 

*t ."  uromon  ;  otherwise  tiie  island  alone  is  mentioned. 

I        ..  :i^  '"-All  ishinds,"  is  meant  to  imply  that  the  species  is 

fonad  both  in  St.  Cruix  and  the  Virgin  group,  withoutuecessarily  meaa- 
kc  to  «:^v  that  it  occurs  in  every  island  of  the  latter. 

In  wmmiiig  up  the  statistical  results  from  my  list  of  Ri>ecies,  nearly 
tta  Min«  cortelnidous  with  regard  to  the  most  numerous  families  are 
Mrired  at  iw  those  given  in  Prof.  Grisebiich*s  Geogr.  Verbr.  der  PflauzeJi 
^«stiudk<u,  p.  73,  for  the  Caribbean  Islands. 

IV  jittiportion  Iwtwtvu  Mono-  and  Dicotyleilontms  plants  indigenous 
uii  Datojulizeil  is  1:5.8,  in  the  indigenous  ones  alone  1:4.0,  thus  show- 
n(  tic  plumlity  of  the  recently  iutnxlueed  i»lants  to  have  been  Dicoty- 
Waaonjs.    The  proportion  mentioned  in  thd  plants  indigenous  to  tho 
liat  low*»r  tliau  stat^Ml  by  Grisebach,  ns  cited  above,  to 
..    Wast  Indies*,  where  it  is  given  as  1:4,  indicating,  no 
itA  r.1ini»to  of  St,  Croix  and  the  Virgin  Islands  is  less  moist] 
•  ladies  in  general. 

'4.  ]i.  I'i74)  ^IvcH  tu  St.  Tlionuis  as  thv  probable  DWitbcr  of 
...  ;■/■,  ;)Ut  oiy  lUt  iiho%v8  about  9U0. 


20 


FLORA  OF  8T.   CROIX   AND   THE   VIRGIN  ISLANDS. 


Table  shmcing  the  disfrihuiion  of  the  Indigenous  SpetAe»  of  Phanerogama  and  Cryplogomm 
Vtuculares  in  St  Croix  and  the  Virgin  I$land». 


A.— DlCOTTLXDOmS. 

DiUontaccS) 

Anonacen 

McnlspeimAccn 

XjmpbtBacen 

PapaveraceiB 

Cruciiere 

CapparidacesB 

BixacciD 

VfohcetB 

PulygalAceSB 

Caryupbyllacea 

llulvoceai ■< 

Bombaccso 

ButtncrUoee 

Tiliacea 

TvrDBtrumUcen 

GuttifurtD 

Canclliicfie 

ICr^-throxylacoiB » 

Malpi^falaceje 

Sapindaceie 

Mi'lUicco) 

Oxalidaccfc 

Zy  f^ophyllaccsD 

Hutart'ffi 

Olatart*.!) 

Ani]M'lliU'm 

CvlimtrjcusD 

lUiamnaccH) 

Ti-rihSnihaceff, 

Lt'^uiiiino'UF:      

rhrvs'-'l.kaiflLnac'i'fB 

Myrtari'» 

IMt-UiHtuuuici'm 

Lyt  hrariacvro 

Onairracfie 

lihizopliuraceie 

Cninbn'tM'ciD 

CiirurltltHcesB 

I'ujwyocex 

raMsifloracpte 

TurDtTnceaj i 

CactaiTic 

Aniliarcic 

VmlM-Uifero) 

lAirantliat'ciB 

ItubiMeiP 

K,\Tianttierca! 

LtthfUaceay 

Goo(k»iiviac«iD 

MyralBRCPiB 

Sapotaccw 


S 

I-* 


5 

1 

1 

!• 

8 

7 

6 

i 


u 


FLOBA   OF  ST.   CROIX  AND   THE  YIBGIN  ISLANDS. 


21 


l^bte 


the  di$tritutum  of  tht  Indigenoia  Species  of  PhanerogamcB  and  Cryptogama 
Voaeularm  i%  St  Croix  and  the  Virgin  J«2aii(f»— Contiunod. 


CrtkaMB 

AnrtoloeUMMB 


B.*-MOXOCOTrLKDO!nB. 


(MMkw. 


C— CBmOOAMJt  TAflCVURKa. 


tUM. 


H 


98 
17 


12 

1 

J5 

21S 


o 
O 


lOB 
fl77 


3 
34 

8H1 
133 

1013 


FLORA  OF  ST.  CROIX  AND  THE  VIRGIN  ISLANDS, 

WEST  INDIES. 


L  PHANEROGAMS. 
^     A.  DICOTYLEDONES. 

DIIX£]VIACEiE. 

1.  BsvOla  mson,  Poir. 
St.  Thomas  (Giiseb.  FL  p.  3). 

ANOIYACEJB. 

L  Anona  iniirioBta»  L.  (t.  Sonrsop,  Susakka). 

FL  Feb--May.  Leaves  with  a  i>eculiar  strong  scent,  used  against 
fever  and  vennin.  Fruit  edible;  pulp  resembling  curdled  milk,  acidu- 
loas.    In  forests  and  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 

a.  A.  lanxtfbUa.  Dan.  (t.  Wild  Sonrsop). 

FL  Feb.-May.  Besembling  the  former  Bi)eGies  in  the  foliage,  but 
leaves  of  a  quite  different  smelL  Not  uncommon  in  forests. — St.  Croix ; 
St.  Thomas. 

4.  A.  pAhastris,  L.  (t.  Moskey-applc,  Banya). 

FL  May-June.  Prnit  not  edible ;  used  as  bait  for  flshes.  Common  in 
marshy  soil. — ^All  islands. 

9.  A.  sqnamoaa,  L.  (r.  Sagar-apple). 

FL  April-Jane.  Foliage  partly  deciduous  in  March  and  April.  Fruit 
edible,  sveet,  soft.    Common  in  thickets. — ^All  islands. 

6-  A.  raticalata,  L.  (t.  Cnstard-apple). 

FL  April-May.  Fruit  edible.  In  woods, not  uncommon;  also  planted 
near  dwellings. — All  islands. — ^The  enlarged  top  of  the  connective  in  all 
species  of  Anona  is  siliceous.  None  of  the  si)ecies  enumerated  abovi^ 
contains  narcotic  principles,  as  is  the  case  vith  A.  Cherimolia,  Mill.,  and 
others. 

7.  Ofwttola  Onregoo,  Dnn. 
St.  Thomas  (Griseb.  Fl.  p.  7J. 

S.  Osaadn InuiftaUo,  Rich.  {Vcaria  fxcehaf  Vahlin  lib.  Juss.). 

St.  Croix  (Caled<mia  Gut,  West,  p.  202). 

83 


24  FLORA  OF  ST.   CROIX  A2iD   THB  VIRQIN  ISLANDS. 

mCNISFi:  RMACE  JB. 

9.  Cocculns  dominseiuia,  DC. 

FI.  Juue-Aag.  Stem  woody,  as  much  as  two  inches  in  diameter. 
Inflorescences  often  3  or  4  oniserial  in  the  same  axiL  (See  Delesserty 
Iconcs,  t.  06.)  In  forests,  not  common. — St.  Thomas  (near  St.  Peter, 
lOOC). 

10.  Clssampeloa  Fareira,  L.  (v.  Velvet-leaf),    a)  Pareira  and  j9)  mlorocazpa,  DC. 
Fl.  ilov.-March.    In  forests  and  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 

NmPILaEIACEJE:. 

11.  Nympfasea  axnpla,  DC.  (t.  Water-lily),    p)  parviflora. 

Fl.  April-July.    In  rivulets. — St  Croix  (Kingshill  Gut]^  Yieqnee 

(PortRoval). 

PAPATEBAG£^. 

12.  Argemone  mesdoana,  L.  (v.  Thistle). 

Fl.  the  whole  year.    A  very  common  weed  in  dry  places. — ^All  islands. 

CBUCIFEB^. 

13.  Naatortlum  officinale,  R.  Br.  (v.  Water-cteas). 

Never  seen  flowering.    Naturalized  along  rivulets. — St  Croix;  St. 
Thomas. 

14.  Sinapis  brasaicata,  L.  (t.  Wild  Mustard). 

FI.  Jan.-June.    xYround  dwellings  and  in  waste  places,  not  nncom- 
mon. — All  islands. 

15.  Sinapis  arvensis,  L. 

Fl.  cleistogamous  in  February.    Regular  flowers  later  in  the  year. 

Naturalized;  rare. — St.  Croix  (near  Auguilla). 

16.  Ijepidium.  virginicum,  L. 

Fl.  the  whole  year.    A  common  weed  along  roadsides  and  near  dwell- 
ings.— All  islands. 

17.  Cakile  aequaUs,  L'Her. 

Fl.  Feb.-July.    Kather  common  on  sandy  shorcs.-rAU  ishind.s. 
[Cultivated  species:  Brassica  olcraceay  L. (v.  Cabbage);  Lepidium  «at^ 
rum,   L.  (v.  Cress);  and  Rapkanus  sadvus,  L.  (v.  Radish).] 

CAPPARIDACE.£. 

18.  Cleome  pentaphylla,  L.  (v.  Massdmbce). 

Fl.  the  whole  year.    Flowers  often  polygamous.    Leaves  used  as 

spinach.    A  common  weed  near  dwelhugs  and  in  waste  places. All 

islands. 


PLOBA   OP  8T.   CROIX   AXD   THE   VIRGLV   ISLANDS.  25 

IS.  C  pmcBSMk  W.  (r,  WiH  MnuiimlxH!).    e)  aad  /3)  Swartzlana. 

II  Uto  mM^  ycnr.    Commoa  alon^  roadti  and  (Utclies.— All  ifilands. 

30.  C.  TlMOAa,  L. 

FL  Miky-DiH%    Katwralized  here  and  there. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 
21  Kodsc*  ptezyeotfperma,  G.  {t.  Uor»c-radUL-trcti). 

FL  Hie  wholis  year.    Root  with  a  flavour  of  hor&o-radish.    ^atoralizcd 
aodaMbmou  ueai-  dwellings. — All  iciluuds. 
22.  C^ipoils  smygdallna.  Lam. 

R  MAtri>-Juue.    Lwives  on  young  radical  shoots  linear  in  this  and 
the  tro  following  species.    Not  uncommon  in  thickets. — All  ialauds. 

SS-  C^tauloeoda,  Jacq.  (r.  Black  Willie),    u)  marglnata  aud  fi)  slUqaoBa. 
iX  ApriW-Aug.    a)  not  uncommon;  j9)  les*i  comiaou  along  the  shore 
io  Udckete^-AIl  islands. 

C.  OTOophaUophor^  L.  (t.  LlngDAn-tree).    o)  and  0)  saligna. 
ft  FolK-Aag. — Glands  2-4,  uniseriol  in  the  axils,  exuding  nectar 
bufore  the  time  of  floweringj  and  are  to  he  couMdered  na 
tchcs  or  inlloi-escenccs. 

CL  vcxraooM.  Jm^^. 
Fl.  April-Miky.    A  middle-sized  tree.    Not  uncommon  in  forests  on 
Vlrpn  lidands. 

O.  fcoodci,  Jac<i.  (v.  Kat-beon). 
FL  Fel>--May.     Seeds  very  poisonous.    Common   in  forests. — All 


» 


amaiioana,  L.     n)  and  ft)  sabpeltata,  Oris,  in  litt. 

Fl.  May-Oct.    A  considerable- sized  tree,    a)  aU  islands;  0)  leaves 
hte.— Si.  Croix  (Spring  Gut). 

BIXACEJB. 

BIzm  OrttOABS,  L.  (t.  Boncon). 
FL  Jooe-July.    The  red  pigment  of  the  fruit  was  generally  used  by 
iCwibs  for  anointing  the  whole  body  {Dn  Tertre).    Naturalized  iu 
t-  Croix  (Creijuih,  Wills  IJay)}  St  Thom^is  (Crown). 

39.  TxUU  enad^  OriMib. 

FL  ApriWttDo.  Stipules  very  variable.  Petals  always  abortive  in 
my  cperimciixs.  A  low  tree  or  sUrub.  Uncommon  in  forests.— St.  Croix 
iWOla  Bay,  Mt.  Kagle);  St.  Thomas  (Flag  HiU);  St.  Jau  (Cinnamou 


26  FLORA  OF  ST.   CROIX  AND  THE  VIBaiK  I8LAHDS. 

30.  Oaeearia  syWestsim,  Sw. 

Fl.  Jaa.-Feb,  and  May-July.  Seed  covered  by  a  led  arOlns.  Com- 
mou  iu  forests  and  thickets. — ^All  islands. 

31.  C.  parvifoUa,  W.    a)  and  0)  mlorooaipa,  Egg. 

Fl.  Marcli-July.  Flowers  odorous.  Stamens  alternately  of  equal 
length.  Not  uncommon  in  forests.  A  low  tree^— a)  Yirgin  Islands; 
^)- fruit  small,  2"'  diam.,  St  Croix. 

32.  O.  ramlilora,  Vohl.    a). 

Fl.  Jan.-Feb.  and  July-Aug.  Pedicel  articulate  below  the  middla 
Arillus  fibrous.    Common  in  forests. — All  islands. 

33.  Samyda  glabrata.  Sw. 

Fl.  June.  Bare,  in  thickets  on  highest  hill-tops. — St.  Thomas  (Crown, 
1400'). 

34.  S.  Bermlata,  L. 

Fl.  Feb.-May.  Flowers  odorous,  precocious.  Pedicels  articalated  at 
the  middle.  Leaves  of  young  radical  shoots  linear.  Common  in  thick- 
ets.— ^AU  islands. 

TIOLACEJS. 

35.  lonidiom  atrlctum.  Vent. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Flower  matutine.  Kather  uncommon  in  fis- 
sures of  rocks  in  thickets. — St.  Croix  j  Water  Island. 

TAIVIARICACIIJB. 

36.  Tamarix  indica,  Willd.  (v.  Cypress). 

Fl.  Sei>t.-Oct.    Katuralized  in  gardens. — St.  Croix ;  St.  Thomas. 

POL.rGAI«ACE^. 

37.  Polygala  axteustifolla,  IIB.  Kth. 

Fl.  Dec.-Feb.  In  the  shade  of  dense  thickets.  Bare. — St.  Thomas 
(Cowell's  Hill). 

38.  Securidaca  Bro^^mel,  Gr.  (S,  acandena  of  West). 

Fl.  Feb.-April.     Naturalized   around  Christianstcd,  v.  Bohr. St. 

Croix. 

39.  S.  erecta.  L. 

St.  Thomas  (DC.  Prodr.  i,  3:11;  Oris.  Fl.  p.  30). 

40.  Krametla  Ixlna,  L. 

Fl.  July.  The  three  narrow  petals,  resembling  abortive  stamensi,  ara 
bent  forward  and  cover  the  authers.    The  two  lateral  olbs  are  fleshy. 


CHOIX  AKD  THE  VIROIK  ISLANDS. 


Rare.— St,  Croix 


Rare- 


covered  on  the  outer  side  witli  fleshy  papillro.  Frait  l-seedcd  by 
tttMirtion.  Ore^noHA  along  roadsides  iB  dry  localities^  but  uucom* 
tnoo. — St.  Tlioma«  (Bovoni). 

L  PAROSYCmACE^. 

I>rymatiA  oordaU.  W.    ^)  diandra. 
PL  May-Juue.    In  moist  localities  in  the  shade. 
spring  Gonlcn). 

Cjp«e3«a  bttmifaaa,  Tiirp. 

W  Jaly,    Gregarioos  around  a  small  fresh-tvater  lagoon. 
i&ler  IglftTi'l. 

I,  IT.  IfOLLCQIXKJC. 

ka.  ICoUneo  vertlciUata.  L. 
I  FL  Aug.    Leaves  often  fleshy.    On  rocky  shores.    Rare. — ^Buck  lal 
mnA,  ncBT  8t.  Thomas. 
fiodfoaaU^  La  in. 
FL  3<'pt.-Dec.    Xot  uncommon  in  moist  localities. — St.  Croix;  Back 
i<l  nei&r  St.  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

IIL  PORTVI.ACe.K. 

Tallnvm  trtaueulaie.  W. 

FL  all  tho  year  round-    Flower  open  till  11  A.  M.    Sepals  of  unequal 

Tlie  large  one  1 -ribbed,  the  smaller  one  S-ribbed.    Petals  often 

yellow  (aa  represented  in  Jacq.  Stirp.  Amei'ic  t.  13o).    Rather  uncom- 

On  roclcs  near  the  seashore. — St.  Croix ;  St.  Thomas. 

FL  aU  the  year  nmnd.    Flower  ojwn  finm  3  P.  M,  till  sunset-    Petals" 
red  or  ycUon-  (15ot,  Mag.  t,  15-liS).    Root  tuberous.    Here  and  thei*e 
m  rocky  situations. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

•7.  Portolaca  ol«rac«a,  L.  (v.  Puralane).    a)  macrantlia,  0)  micrantba,  Egg. 

Fl.  the  whole  year.  Flower  open  till  10  A.  M.  a)  brownish,  5  petals, 
a»  muix  •'»  '  mens,  corolla  C'"  diam.  /?)  green,  4  petals,  10-12  sta- 
Mctia,  oorj.  .  iiam.  Both  varieties  common  along  ixmdsidcs  and  iu 
<ip«n  gpoi$^ — AH  Ubmls. 

4a.  p.  qnadrtflda,  L.  (Mant.  78). 

FL  all  Iho  year  round.  Petals  4,  yellow,  2'"  long.  Flower  ojKsn  (torn 
1!  '  P.  M.    liCaves  opposite,  clasping  together  towanls  even- 

bi  ...lu^io  wccil  in  gardens  and  along  roads. — ^AU  islands. 


,  iu 


28  FLORA  OF   BT.   CBOIX  AKD   THE  VIBOIK  ISLANDS. 

49.  P.  pilosa,  L. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Often  nearly  glabrous.  Boots  taberoiUi 
Petals  red  or  yellow,  large.  Corolla  up  to  IC"  diam.,  open  only  till  9 
a.  m.  Seeds  dark  brown.  Leaves  adpressing  themselves  downward  to 
the  stem  towards  evening.  Kot  uncommon.  Along  ditches  and  in 
grass-fields. — St.  Croix  j  St.  Thomas. 

50.  P.  hallmoldeB,  L. 

Fl.  Jnne-Doc.  Common  along  roadsides  and  among  rocks. — St 
Croix  5  St.  Thomas. 

51.  8esuvium  portulaoaBtnim,  L.  (v.  Bay-flower). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Sepals  rosy  inside.  Common  on  sandy 
shores. — All  islands. 

52.  Trianthema  monogynom,  L. 

FL  all  the  year  round.  Branches  always  originating  in  the  axil  of 
the  smaller  leaf.  Stamens  7-17.  Sepals  and  stamens  rosy  or  white. 
Common  on  rocky  shores. — St.  Croix ;  St  Thomas. 

mAiiTACi:^. 

53.  Malvaatrnm  spicattim.  Oris.  (v.  Hollow-stock). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Flower  expandiug  in  the  afternoon.  Very 
variable.    A  common  weed  along  roads  and  in  fields. — ^All  islands. 

54.  M.  tricuBpidatum,  Asa  Gray. 

Fl.  all  the  year  i-ound.  Common  along  roads  and  ditches. — All  isl- 
ands. 

55.  Sida  carplnifoUa,  L.    c)  and  ft)  brevicaspldata. 

Fl.  Sci>t.-]March.  Pedicel  geniculate  at  the  base,  or  as  often  not  so. 
Petals  imbricate  dcxtrorsely  or  sinistrorsely.  Both  forms  very  common 
weeds  everywhere  in  dry  localities. — All  islands. 

56.  S.  glomerata,  Cav. 

I'l.  Aug.-Oct — Buck  Island  near  St.  Thomas ;  'Vieques. 

57.  S.  cUiaris,  L. 

Fl.  Sept.-March.  Flower  expanded  till  10  A.  M.  Stipules  always 
lonj^er  than  the  i>etiolcs.  Leaves  closely  clasping  the  stem  in  the 
evening.    Gi'egarious  on  roads  and  near  ditches.   Common.— All  ialands. 


FLORA  OP  BT.    CBOIX   AMD   TQE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


29 


J>ee.-Man^li.    Flowt-r  expanded  tUl  0  A.  M.    Calyx  shorter  than 
iti  gnuus-tielda  und  thickt^ts.    Often  siiftrntesceut,  G'  high. 
tu. — All  inlandti. 

.  ■ptnota,  h,   a\  ff)  aneQBtlfbUa,  Lam.,  and  y)  polycarpa.  Egg. 
Se|tt--Matttb,    y)  sulTrutoscent,  V  liigli.     P<i(licol  as  long  a*  the 
itlt?  WaC     l^«til8,  ovaries,  and  carpide  always  12.    a)  and  fi)  conuuon 
•fl«Ul»  aiul  (lo^tnre^    y)  ucur  rivnlet^. — All  island^i. 

B-  rlMoibifoUa.  K.  (v.  Swart  Morfin).    7 )  retuaa. 

Dec.-Mmvb.    retab*  showing  a  purple  blot  at  the  base.    Com- 
io  waste  idax^es. — All  islands. 

ft-txladK,  Schlrclit.  ^Uimaia,  iii,  271). 
)t.  TbomiiK  (Seiil.). 

&  iwptna,  UUeiT.    a)  glabra  Ati<l  ^)  pUosa,  Egg. 

FL  5ofV.-Mttreb.    Two  vt»rj'  distinct  forms:  a)  in  shady,  moist  places 5 
kndiy  localities.  Not  uncommon  in  thickets  and  forests. — All  islands. 

arevta,  Cav.  (tint  8.  arptila,  Sw.,  u  stated  inGrlMb.  Syut.  Unters.  p.  31) 

8t  Ctt)ix  (We«t,  297);  St,  Thomas  (Schl). 

&  Berroaa,  DC.    e)  and  0)  viacoaa,  Egg. 
FL  I>ec^A}irt].    ^)  viacnus  and  glandular  pilose.     Petals  reddish ; 
luatib  ml.    >'ol  uncommon  along  roads  and  ditches. — All  islands. 

H.  &  ■CTiatnata.  DC.    a)  macrophylla  and  /}]  mlcrophylla. 
dc  Thomas  (SchL).   '*Iu  locis  siccis." 

;M>  B^  eontUbUa,  U    ii)  altluefoUa,  8\v. 

FLMarth.    Her*  and  there  along  roa<la.— St.  Croix  (West,  297);  St 
'i«B(Uetiiaaia). 

•|.akB»Utta,W.(t>CAT. 
ficTbomaA  (Si'hl.).    "  In  locis  umbrosis,"  < 

I&  AfaatOoii  parlplocifaUtun,  G.  Don.     a)  and  /I)  albloane,  cnrpids  3-ovitlate. 

1^  »II  the  year  wmnd.  Reeds  dimoq>bou8.  The  tT\'o  seeds  in  the 
tvftaiitreU  gbdirons,  the  one  in  tho  inferior  silky.  «)  not  nnoommoa 
•ln«f  xm^    fJ)  uneommou.— St.  Croix  (a  and  .^);  St.  Jan  (i), 

r.  Tii^--Mui^.    See<U  cordate,  brown,    ^ot  very  common  in  open, 
— iVll  iidduds. 


I- 
r.  ■' 


FLOBA   OP  ST.   CROIX    AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


31 


KSibdaxl^  U  (T.  Bed  Sonvl). 
FLUet-Kov,    Leaves  iwecl  as  n  vegetable.    Calyx  at  length  fleshy, 
kejnooailc     Cultivated  and  iiataraluod  here  and  there. — SL 
[;  8t.  Tbumu«. 

B.pbcMilc«iu,  Jncq. 

PL  Srpt.* March.    KatJior  common  in  thickets,  especially  near  dwell- 
«$B^-8t. Croix;  8UThoma8. 

"  a.Orwx(West,  p.  208) 

OoMypinm  baxbadenae,  L.  (v.  Cotton-tnw).    o)  ainl  ^3). 
FL  lU  the  >  OUT  rriUtHl,    Down  stellate    Common  in  dry  localities. 
:rly  coltivated. — All  ialands. 

A  rttifoUva,  Lam. 

SatanUnvd  in  St  Thomas  (Schl.),  perhaps  Dom  having  been  cultivated 
ttattirr  times. 

17.  FsiStiiraitfUaoeain,  A.  Jobs.  (r.Malioo). 
r  rvh.    Baric  employed  as  ropo.    Along  coasts,  but  rare. — 

l.".^  ^ .,  crii,  p.  297) ;  St  Thonias  (Schl.)  j  St.  Jan  (l^sh  Bay). 

TTxtfiwIii  populnea,  Corr.  (t.  Ot^ilif  ito  TrtH*)- 
PI.  aU  the  ye;ir  round.     Very  ea.'iily  i>ropagated  by  cuttings.    A  shady 

iwilh  very  lianl  \v)mh1.    Natui-rdized  aud  ciUtivat<Kl  oveiy where,  espe- 
t\j  ill  \mAxst  loailities.    All  islands. 
AU>|(Uvac«a>  are  protiindrous. 

(Ctltivatctl  siHH:ies:    Altlia'  rosea^  h.  (v.  TTollyhock);  HibtMeus  rona- 
i>,U  (V.  Chinese  rose);  and  11,  inutahifhj  L.  (v.  Changeable  Ilibis- 

BOnBACEJE. 


difitata,  L,  (v.  Guincn  Tainnriud). 
Fl  Jene-July.    l>*aves  deoiduous  iu  Manih-April.    Tho  acid  pulp  of 
•1*6  frrrit  osbil  for  k^moniule.    Naturalized  in  wooded  valleys. — SU  Croix 
H[I^Httt3>-;  Crequia);  8t  Thumas. 

W  Briodoidroa  uifraotiiotum,  DC.  (T.Silk-cottoa-tree). 
1  Foh^ApHL    Leaven  (1e<'.iduous  A(urch-Ai>nl.    Stem  growing  to 
«iz<*.    Common  tti  fort^KtH.     All  i.ilanils. 


\a  tmi^inat  I 


nicD,  West^  p.  208), 


32  FLOBA  OF  ST.  CBOXX  AKD   THE  VIRGIN  I81ANOS. 

92.  Helicterea  jaxoalcensls,  JoccL. 

Fl.  March-Aug.    Spiral  of  carpids  2^.     Common  in  thickets. — AH 

islands. 

BfTTTNERIACEJE. 

93.  Ouaziuna  nlmilolik,  Lam.  (v.  Jackass  Calala). 

Fl.  April-June.  Wood  used  for  oaxs.  I^ot  uncommon  in  postoreB^* 
St  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

94.  Theobroma  Cacao^  L.  (v.  Cocoa-troe). 

Fl.  June.  Naturalized  in  shady  valleys. — St  Cioix  (Prosperity; 
Mount  Stewart). 

95.  Ayenia  paalUa.  L. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Flowers  often  transformed  into  a  hoUov 
monstrosity  by  the  larva  of  a  wasp.  Fruit  muricate.  In  thickets,  com- 
mon.— ^All  islands. 

96.  Melochria  pyramidata,  L. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Common  in  pastures. — St  Croix. 

97.  Id.  tomentosa,  L.  (t.  Broom-wood). 

FL  AU  the  year  round.  Calyx  tomentose,  greyish  white.  Xomentam 
interspersed  with  glandulous  hairs.  Used  for  brooms.  Common  in  diy 
thickets. — All  islands. 

98.  M.  nodiflora,  Sw. 

Fl.  Nov.-July.    Common  in  pastures  and  along  roads. — ^AU  islands. 

99.  'Walthexia  americana,  L.  (t.  Marsh-mallow). 

Fl.  Oct.-May.    Common  in  pastures. — All  islands. 

TII.IA€EiE. 

100.  Triumfetta  Lappala,  L.  (v.  Bur-busb). 

Fl.  Nov.-Ajml.    Common  in  thickets. — ^All  islands. 

101.  T.  altheeoideSf  Lam.  (v.  Mnboe). 

Fl,  Dec-March.    In  forests,  uncommon. — St.  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

102.  T.  semltrUoba,  L.  (t.  Bur-busli). 

Fl.  Oct.-March.    In  thickets  and  along  roads,  common. — ^All  islands. 

103.  T.  rhoinboidea,  Jaoq. 

Fl.  Dec.-xVpriL    Uncommon  in  thickets. — St  Croix  (Spring-jyut). 

104.  CorchoruB  acutang;ulae,  Lam. 

Fl.  Jime-N^ov.  The  lowest  serratnres  of  the  leaves  in  my  speohneu 
often  sbow  one  or  two  long  setaceous  bristles,  as  stated  in  DO*  Piodr. 


FIjOBA   of  ST.   CBOIX  AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 

K     GriAcb.  FI.  p.  07,  does  not  ineiitiou  them,  a^  he  does  in  C-  olito- 

nmther  does  the  flgiire  in  Wiglit*8  Icones,  iii,  t  739,  show  them  in 

tl&is  epccicA.    From  obsorvatinUH  uuu\&  V»y  me  on  C.  acutantfuhutj  an  well 

B^  o-  '  •  *  ■ -/M,  suvl)  bristles  on  the  lower  serratiires  of  the  leaves  are  ot 

^Ku    ^  value  in  this  geiiUH,  being  a  variable  feature.    In  gardens 

^^Bltmu*  ilwtiQinj^  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix^  St  Thomas. 

10&.  C.  itilquomia.  L.  (r.  Pupa-lolo). 

^H  FL  Nov.-^Tuly.    Leavex  n^ed  as  »  vegetable  (Calalu).    Along  roadH 
^HMln  pusture^,  common. — All  islands. 

^^K  C.  hlxtnm  L. 

FL  June-Sopt*  Two  lowest  Hernitnres  of  the  leaves  Hometiracs  show- 
one  or  tvo  setuccout)  bristles.    In  gardens  and  along  roads,  not 
tt.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

2A7.  C.  hlnatn%  L. 

FL  ail  tiM*  year  rotui<l.    Hairs  of  the  stem  scabrous.    On  sajidy  shores, 
ro. — All  iitlands. 

TEBIVSITBOiniACE^. 

Tenutr6mU  eUiptlom,  Sw. 

¥L  PrU,-Aprih    Tlie  two  bracts  at  the  base  of  the  persistent  calyx 

tu  be  coiwidt'rwl  as  such  (Swartz,  Flora  Ind.  Occ.  p.  061;  DC.  Prodr. 

■  ";;  and  Iloiik.  &  Benth.  G«nera  Plant,  i,  p.  182),  and  not  iis  sepals 

_  ^ui-  FL  p.  U>3)  on  account  of  their  being  deciduouy,  but  thu  sepals 

d«  number  of  ovules  in  my  si)echneus  are  about  twenty  in  each 

(Hook.and  Bcutli.  I.  c.  ascribe  to  the  gonos  only  two,  rarely  three 

J  '-ell;  GrisobacliL  c.  only  two  to  four.    In  the Catiil.  Plant. 

.jseh.  mentions,  however,  a  variety  of  T.  obotalin^  llitrh., 

with  ten  t4>  thiriCMin  o^'uU*^  in  each  coll.)    Sepals  rosy,  flowers  fragrant 

In  fiimtU  on  Idgh  hills,  rare.— St,  Croix  (Maroon  Dill,  lM)0')j  St.  Jau 

iBonlMUX  Hill,  nO(K). 

OVTTIFER.C 


199.  ClaflU  rOMa,  U  (v.  Cliigfrer-upplu). 

FL  May-J^pt.  Aeiiol  roots  as  much  as  20^  long,  supporting  the 
jKMujB  tn««  ou  rock«  or  other  tree«i.  In  forests. — St  Croix  (rare,  Wills 
Itay);  Virgin  UUmU  (not  uncomniou). 

l^  1.  L.(v.WildManjcy). 

•  -  ■  . -a  (West,  p.  312).    Probably  a  mistake  for  the  ftrst 
BttU.  Xttt  MuJL  >'o.  13 3 


[rare,  Wills 
Irut  named    I 


84 


FLORA   OP  8T.   CBOIX   AND  THE  VIBOIN  I8LA?ffD9. 


1X1.  Mammea  amerioana,  L.  (v.  Harney). 

Fl.  Feb,  and  later  In  Aug.    Fruit  generally  one-seeded,   ei*tabl 
Common  in  forests  and  planted  along  roads. — All  ialan<l8. 

112.  Calophyllum  Calaba,  Jacq.  (t.  Santa  Maria). 

Kl.  JMay-July.    In  fure.sts  along  rivulets. — St.  Croix  (commou  in 
uortbcm  part  of  the  island) ;  St.  Thomas  (rare). 

CANEIiLACJGA. 

113.  Canella  alba.  Murr.  (v.  Whito-bork). 
Fl.  Jan.-ApriL    Berry  dark  crimson.    Leavoe  used  in  warm  baths 

rheumatism.    On  sandy  shores  and  in  forests. — ^All  islands. 

EBTTnBOXYI.ACE£. 

114.  Srythroxylum  ovatum,  Car.  (r.  Wild  Chorry,  BrisMelot). 

Fl.  April-Sept.  Precocious.  Brancbea,  as  a  rule,  transformed 
brachyblrtsts.    Common  in  thickets. — All  islands. 

{E*  arcolatum,  West,  p.  2S(j,  and  U,  brcvipett,  Itertero  in  Schleobt. 
rula,  are,  no  doubt,  mistakes  for  the  species  mentioned  above.) 

]VAL.P10UlAC£iK* 

115.  Byraonima  aplcata,  Rich. 
Fl.  July-Aug.    In  forests,  rare.— St  Croix  (Parasol  Hill);  BL  Th< 

(Signal  mil);  St,  Jan  (Bordeaux). 

116.  B.  luclda.  Kich. 
Fl.  Oct.— St.  Thomas  (DC.  Prodr.  i,  580);  Vieques  (Campo  Asilo). 

117.  Bunoboala  Bwaxtsiana,  Gris. 

Fl.  July.    I*ediccl  imiglandular  and  bibmoteolate  at  the  joint.    Vi 
much  attJteked  by  insects.    In  thickets. — St.  Croix  (rare,  Kingsblll); 
Thomas  (not  uncommon) ;  St,  Jan. 

118.  Oalpbimla  glaooa.  Cav.  (Icon.  ▼,  p.  61)  {O,  pmciUtf,  BartiO> 
Fl.  all  the  yeai-  round.    Natunilited  in  gardens. — All  islands. 

119.  MalpighU  gUbra.  L.  (v.  Cherry). 
Fl.  May-June.    Fruit  edible.    Cmnmon  in  thiclcttsw— St.  Omfac; 

Thomns. 

120.  M.  oreoa,  L.     a)  axid  f})  lanoeolata. 

Fl.  Jiuie-Occ    ct)  oommou  in  thickets. — ^AU  iblindji;  0)  mt^,  Su  Croix 

(Spring-gut), 


FLORA   OF  8T.   CBOIX  AND   THE   VIBQTS  ISLANDS.  35 

C  CiddM,  Bpntng.  (Neoo  Entdeck.  iii,  fit). 

Jane-Sept    AJong  roady  and  in  thickets,  not  ancommou. — 5t» 
f  Water  Islumi;  Vieques. 

132.  M.  «ii«aiti/oUa.  U 

■^l*  Jono-Oet.    Ill  thickets,  not  nncommon. — ^Watcr  Island;  Vicqaes. 

^Hs,  StSCBuphTUon  peiipIoeUbUam,  Jobs. 

^VFL  all  the  year  i-ouiul.     Saiiiane  red.    In  tbickets,  common. — All 

_^4.  B«t«ropt«n«  purpurea,  Kth. 

FLaQ  the  year  round.    Common  in  hedges  and  thickets. — All  islands. 

a  puTlfoUa.  DC.  (T.  DnU  Vis). 
n  lU  the  year  rounds    Am  common  as  the  preceding  species. — ^All 


SAPRVDACE^. 

OwdliO»peiiUQm  Halicacabum.  L.  (v.  Bnlloon-vinc). 

1.  Scsit-.^farch.    Rather  common  in  tliickots  and  near  dwellings. — 
Cn>ix;  SU  Tliomas. 

C.  micfooatpum,  Kth. 
R  Jan^Marcb.    In  thickets,  rare. — St  Croix  (Spring-gut);  St  Jon 
it). 

Ua  BMjanU  Inoida,  Schoin.  (v.  White  Vis,  Cabrltc  rutting). 

Fl  I>w>-,Iuup.    Stem  used  as  rope.    Common  in  thickets. — All  isl- 
^tikr-^piaullinia  curossartca,  Weat,  p.  2dl,  is  no  doubt  a  mistake  fur 

231  Cttpaxda  AUva,  Mart 

FL  Janiuuy.    lu  forests,  not  oncommon. — Virgin  Islands. 

Sffptodoa  tzi^qoalU,  DC.  (▼.  Soap-wed). 
FLDcc^on.    fieeda  used  for  ornaments.    In  foresta  along  rivulota. 
■ftOQauiNni«-*St.  Croix. 

in.  l|GtaSdalU  oocidentalia,  8w. 
Ft  May-Sept    Not  uncommon  in  forests,  esiKKsially  in  St.  Grois. — 

UX  IbUeocoa  Wjaj*.  U  (v.  Eencppy  tree). 
RApr'  "         Le4(fle«>H  during  flowering.    Flowers  fhigrant   Fruit 
li»2ei.  Nuluralized  and  now  very  commoa  everywhere, 


36  FLORA   OF   ST.    CROIX   AND   THE   VIBGIK   ISLAJ7DS. 

often  forming  a  secondary  growth  in  cleared  woodland.     Introdui 
from  tbo  SpiinisU  maiu. — All  isluuds. 

133.  Dodonaea  vlscosa,  L, 

Fl.  April.    On  windy  soaphorcs,  rare, — St  Croix  (Sandy  Point), 

134.  Melia  scmpervirens,  Sw.  (v.  Ltluc,  liagbush). 

Fl.  all  the  yeai*  round.    Common  in  forests  and  near  dwcllin^& — ^ 
islands. 

135.  TrichiUa  hirta.  L. 
Fl.  Jnno-^uly.    Common  in  thickets. — All  islands. 
(Guttrca  tftcliiUoides,  Jacq.,  said  to  occur  in  St.  Croix  (West^i*. 

set'ms  to  inc  nither  doubtful) 

136.  Swietenia  Mahagooi  L.  (t.  Mobogauy). 
FL  April-June.    In  wooded  valleys  and  along  roads  and  dwol 

J^ot  un<iommon. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas- 

OEBANIACC^. 

[CuUix'ated  occur  several  species  of  Geranium,  L'ller.,  and  P« 
Diom,  L'Uer.] 

BALSAinilVACE^. 

137.  Balaazniua  hozteaais,  Dcap.  (v.  Lnily-sliiipera). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Naturalized  evej^'whero  in  gardeua. 
often  germinating  in  the  capsule. — AU  islands. 

AUBANTIACEJB. 

138.  dtms  medlca,  L.    a)  (r.  Citron),    (i)  Llmontun,  UIbbo  (r.  Lbne). 
I'l.  April->Iay,    a)  natuntlizcd,  hut  nire,  in  gardens.    H)  natui 

common  in  gardens  and  near  dwellings,  also  in  forests. — All  isloudft. 

139.  C.  Anrantium.  L.     a)  (t.  Oronge).    p)  Blgaradla,  Dub.  (v.  8eviUo 
Ph  May-Jtdy.    Both  forms  naturalized  in  gardens,  wqiecially 

Common  in  St.  CVoix;  rare  in  St.  Tliomaa  and  St.  .Ian,  where  tli< 
is  said  to  liave  died  out  nearly,  ii'om  disease.— (Moutioiiod  _..^ 
Brentel,  London  Jom-nal  of  Botany,  ii.) 

140.  C.  bajdfolla,  Pft4lr.  (v.  Forhifldon  Fniit). 
FL  July.    Xatuialized  in  a  few  places. — St.  Croix;  St,  Tlionuift. 


141.  C.  deoumana,  L.  (v.  Bbnddock). 

Fl.  Julv-Anjr.    Fruit  used  for  prewenoH.    Natuniuzeii  m  ^ojx 
St.  Croix;  St.  Thomajj. 


uu 


rtOUA    OP  fiT*  CROIX    AND   THB   TIKQIN   INLANDS.  37 

L«a.  Tl^phuU  toifoLUta,  DC.  (t.  Sweet  Lime). 
FL  AprU-Juufr.    Naturalized  iu  UiiuketB  and  uear  dwellings.    Com- 

■■:-'-  (K 

..Li-.cs:   Munaya  exotica^  L.  (v.  Cyprian),  aiid  Coohia 

OXALIDACCf. 

Oxftltfl  Martiana.  Zurr. 

.  3Iay-A.a{;.    Natorolizcd  in  gardens  on  all  the  inlands. 

O.ootttlcnlata,  U    ^)  mlcrophyUa.  Poir. 
FL  an  tlw  year  ronud.    Gie^oiious  in  fields. — St.  Croix  (  Ainuilly); 
Thomas. 

ZTGOPlITLLACEiC:. 
L4S.  Trttralaa  oUtoidea,  L. 
FL  all  the  year  round.    Along  roads  and  in  open  spots,  gregarious. — 
Cms  (in  the  eosteioimoGit  port  of  the  island  only). 

Lie  T'  BMxiawia,  L.  (v.  C<>nl}pc(vroot,  Lnngln). 

FL  «U  tbc  year  roand.  Stamens  alternately  of  equal  length.  The 
«Me  pUiDt  ifi  uftcd  in  1>aths  against  boils.  A  very  common  weed  aloug 
mdtt  Atul  iu  xvuste  place^i. — All  ifedauds. 

UT-  Ouijactnn  offldnale,  L.  (v.  Lignnm  viiw,  Fockenbolt). 

i'L  Maixii-ApriL     Cunimon  in  former  times,  buk  now  nearly  ester- 
tikUcd.    Ou  the  seoaliore  and  in  fori'^sts,  rare. — All  islands. 

^  raoeupos  racemosoa.  VilIU. 

Fl  Pfb^Miirr,b.     Leaves  undivided,  3-foliate  or  impari-pinnate  in 

tbaanw  tcpecdmeu  (as  stated  in  Hook.  &  Benth.  Genera,  i,  209,  and  Fl. 

fciaL  fift»c.  (15),     luHorescence  terminal  and  axillary.     A  low  tix^e.    In 

towu,  nre.— 8L  Jan  (RiugsbiU,  1(KK)') ;  Vieques  (Itavn  in  lib.  Ilavn.). 

from  Montserrat  iu  Hb.  Havu.  also  named  P.  lauri/oliuj/, 

■) 

IMInIa  punctata.  Or. 

'StrpL     Leaves  often  pinnate.     Dots  on  the  leaves  pellueid.     In 
not  nneoinmnn. — SL  Croix. 

Uftj-Juiie^     I>>anets  )>nckly  on  the  principal  nerves  on  both  sides, 
"  i'  H  nt  the  ba.se.     Caqiid-s  3  (2-1)  globose,  T\-itb  a 
'  (titi\  S"*  long.    Seeds  block,  bhiuing.     Haro  iu 
igUill,  000'). 


38  FLORA   OF   ST.   CROIX   AND  THE  TISQIX  tSLAHDS 

151.  Fagara  mlcropbylla,  Dest  (v.  Rtungoat-bnsb)  {F.  tra^odrnj  Jncf].  hi  Wcai] 

Fl.  June-Dc€.  Dots  of  tho  leaves  pellucid.  The^hole  plant! 
Rtron^'  Kinell.  ISot  uncommon  in  thickets. — St  Croix  ^  Buck  Xq 
near  St.  Croix. 


run  ui. 


192.  Zanthoxylnm  ClaTa-HercnliB,  L.  (r.  Wliito  Prirlcle). 

FL  April-Jone.    Aculei  corky,  6'"  long,  greyish,  with  a  narrow  h 
point.    In  foreflta,  not  nncominon. — All  islands. 

153.  Z.  flavum,  VahJ  (Natiirh.  Selak.  Skrift.  vi,  IS:!,  IBIO)  (v.  Yellow  Bru»l< 
>'ot  seen  llo^^erin;;.     A  Hug  timbor-trce,  used  for  furniture,    ^oj 

common  in  forests  in  former  times,  but  now  nearly  extinct — St>, 
(Bortieatix  mils)  (9t  Croix t  St  Thomas!)  (Montserrat,  Eyun  in 
Hrtvn.) ;  Martinique  (West  in  PTb.  IIunti.), 

154.  Z.  Oobrojcylumt  DC.  (v.  Yellow  Prickle)  (Z.  iimpiM/oUum,  Vahl  in 
Fl.  Junf^Xov.      5  Panicle  1"  long;  pedicels  i'"  long,  bractea 

the  biise  decidnons.    Calyx  5-paitite,  J"'  dlani.    Petals  5,  imbri 
white,  I'"  long,  pellnoid-dotted.     St>lo  thick,  j"' high;  stigma*  % 
lar.     Ovaries  3  on  a  short  gjTiophore.     Can^ids  3  (1-2)  globoseJ 
cosCj  partly  dehiscent,  1^"'  diam.    Seed  shiningbhick.    Stem  a^ 
with  large  corky  aculei,  often  connected  anil  forming  long  ridges 
the  stem.     Wood  yellow.     The  M'holo  plant  is  i>o6sessod  of  tho 
strong  smell  as  Fagara.     Not  luicommon  in  forests, — St  Thomas 
Hill  000')  J  St  Jan  (Kogiers)  (Montserrat,  Kyan  in  lib.  Iia\Ti.;  H 
niqne.  South  America,  lib.  llavn.).    (A  branch  without  flowers,  nui 
Z>  inacrvphyllum^  St  Croix,  Ryan  in  Hb.  Havn.,  seems  to  belong  to 
8])ecies.) 

159.  Qaaeala  amara,  L.  HI.  (t.  Qaasia). 

Fl.  Xov.-Feb.    yatiurulizcd  in  gardens. — All  islands. 

156.  Castcla  erecta,  Tnri>. 
Fl.  Feb.-June^    Petals  purple,     9  with  8  rudimentary  stamens, 

natcly  of  equal  size.  Cai-pids  lf-3-1.  In  dry  tliickets  along  the  l 
coast,  not  luioommou. — St.  Croix. 

157,  PloraBoa  excelaa,  Lludl.  (v.  Bitt«r-AftU). 
Not  seen  flowering.    "Wood  very  bitter,  used  for  stomachic 

in  drinks.    In  forests,  rare. — St  Croix;  St  Jau, 

OLACACEJE. 

198.  SohoBpfia  arborMoeiiB,  R.  S. 

Fl.  Fob.-March.  Fruit  nearly  always  Iseeded  by  nlwrtioi 
and  there  in  forests.— St  Croix  (Saltri^er,  Wills  Bay);  St 
(Crt)wn,  1400'). 


FUIRA.  OF  ST.  CBOXX   AND   TH£   VIBQIN   ISLANDS 


39 


uticyoid««,  L.  (v.  Latubrali,  Pinun  liuop). 

R lUl  tlie  year  round.  l'lowei*s  j^uiple  or  ycUow.  Aeiial  roota  long, 
mni.    Common  iu  foreuU. — All  u^luuds. 

m.  C.  tftfoUaU,  U 

n  ill  the  year  round*  On  rocka  and  trees,  not  common. — St.  Croix ; 
BLTbaauuL 

R  Jtmo-Aug.    In  thickets  near  the  coast^  common. — All  islands. 

Ul  Tltk  MribAfl.  PC. 
n.JiiiK*.    In  dense  forests,  rare,— St.  Croix  (Caledonia  Gut)j   St. 
Uam  (Cromi). 

CELASTRACE^. 

U3- Martesixa  elaeodendioldes.  Grirt.  (Cat.  I'lnnt.  Cub.  p.  &4).    (Khamnut  polg- 
f^mms,  Vuhl  ill  Ht>.  Tlavii,,  iiDil  iti  V^cst,  p.  OTA.) 

FLDec  Flower  brownish,  small.  Calj'x  .5-partite,  3"'di]im,  Petals 
^ffvilj  I"'  Joug.  Stamens  5,  often  all  or  part  of  them  transformed  into 
pMBbiod  more  or  Iohh  sterile.  Sti^a  subse-ssile,  2-Iobe<l.  Ovary  2- 
Wir,  S^vulaleu  I)i«o  bro^-n,  undidatc,  J"'  high.  Seed  black  with  a 
N  ttiUmj,    Rare  in  diy  thickets. — St»  Croix  (Fair  Plain). 

Ui  H  l»vt«aCn«,  Oris,  in  Utt.  iHJumnua  Unigatus,  Vfthl  in  Symli.  Bot  iii,  41 ; 
CnnM>aH«,  DC,). 

R.  May-Oct.    Capsule  tardily  dehiscent-,  l-3-8eeded,  C"  long.    Seeds 

Iwtn,  nHicidate  with  red  veins,  2'"  diam.     Arillus  tough,  white.     A 

toif  or  middle-sized  tree.    Not  oncommon  in  forests. — All  islands. 

1ft  Elaodendron  xylocaximni,  r»C.  (v.  Rimon-tpoc,  Nut  Muscnt). 
H  Si^pt^Uec,      tStami'.iis  otten  tninsfonne^l,  as  in  ^faytenuH  eUcoden- 
Drupe  orange-coloored,  8'"  long.    Common  ou  rocky  shores; 
>Mt  QDcofDmon  in  St  Croix. — All  islands. 

H<>cL-May.    Common  in  thickets,  principally  in  marshy  soiL — ^AIl 


&.  Croix  (Pfliig,  sec  VaUI  Symb.  Bot.  ii,  32)  j  St  Thomas  (Schl.). 


&^>,*rt.-wt,  trutescenv,  .Tncq. 
VI-  i;.    Couimun  in  thickets. — All  islands. 


40 


FLORA   OF   ST.   CROIX   AND   THE   TIRQZK  ISLARDSL 


169.  Reynosla  latifoUa.  Gris.  (Cat.  PI;  Cnb.  34)  <t,  Guomn).    Emend,  in  Efl 

VidL'usUab.  Mcdd.  fra  Naliirhist.  Forcuiiig,  Copcuhngi-u,  Ii*7»?.  cnm  icoDe,p 

Fl.  Junp-July.    Common  in  dry  tbicketd. — Viigui  IkIuihIs. 

170.  R.  nmcroDatat,  Ort&  (1.  c)  (EggcTs,  1.  o). 
Not  seen  flowering.     Kore  iii  dry  tliicket^  near  the  coast — St  C 

(easternmost  part  of  tlie  island,  near  Taj^rao  Buy). 

171.  Condalia  fcrrea,  Gri«.  (v.EiUU'u-wocKl). 

Fl.  8ei)t,-J.'ui.  Keel  of  tlie  ealyx-Iobes  foliaccons.  Drnpo  oval, 
long,    ^'ot  uncommon  in  thickets  and  forests. — All  islands. 

172.  Colabiiua  fennginoaa.  Ilrongii. 

Fl.  Jan.  and  May-July.  A  low  Bhrub.  Common  on  sandy  tdior^ 
All  islands. 

173.  C.  reclinata,  Unrnpn.  (v.  Snake-root,  MaVc-liark). 
Fl.  Nov.-^larch.    Style  2-3partite.    Leaves  used  for  tJie  prcpttn 

of  etomaeliic  drinks.    Ifot  uncommon  in  thickets. — All  islands. 

174.  ZizyphoB  reticulata,  DC.  (Prodr.  ii,20)  (TatrariM,  VulU,  Eel.  Am.  iii,  8). 

FL  July.  Disc  brownish.  CapsiUe  3-locular,  one  seed  in  each 
5"'  long,  glabrous,  Seeds  i>uri»le;  pulp  reddish  browoi  In 
thickets,  rare. — St.  Croix  (Fair  Plain). 

175.  Qoaanla  domiugeneU,  L.  (v.  S<^i>-slick,  8ilvi), 
Fl.  Oct.-Jau.    Stem  used  iis  roi>e.    Common  iu  thickets. — All  isU 

TEUCBIlVTIIACEf. 

176.  Burseragnmmlfera,  L.  (v.  Tnri>eDtb<stTe<i). 
Fl.  April-Sept.     Protandrons.     Kasily  propagfatcd  by  large  ciitt 

and  genemlly  used  fur  forming  fences.    Common  in  forests  and  a 
roads. — All  islands. 

177.  Bedwt^a  balaamifera,  6w. 

8t.  Croix  (We.st  in  lib.  Unvn.  and  p.  281  aa  Idea  althnima). 

178.  Amyria  sylvatioa,  Jarq,  (v.  Flainlioyant). 
Fl.  I'Y'b.-April   and  July-Sept.    Inflorescence  triebotomoiis. 

resinous  and  usetl  for  torches,  especially  in  catching  lubstcrs  a 
Not  uncommon  in  forests. — All  islands. 

179.  Spondiaa  lutca,  I*,  (v.  nog-plum). 

FL  March,  coetanoua,  and  later  July.    Leaves  deciduoua  in 
Fruit  oval,  edible.    Conimou  in  forests. — All  islands. 


ruOSA   OF  &T.   CROIX   AND   THE   TIROHI   ISI^AIfDS.  41 

180.  &  pQipares,  L.  (r.  Jttmoioa  Flam). 
FL  Frb^March,  pn^xtcioas.    Naturalued  in  gardens  and  woodod  val- 

•BtSlana.  Egg.  (n.sp.)- 

Ad  Stmnch,    Li^ives  impari-piunatc ;  leaflets  4-5-jii{^a1,  potiolulato, 

kBQflolKe,  actuninato,  obtuse  at  tiio  ba^o,  entire,  glabrous,  cbartaceous ; 

ttias  prominulous  bcneatli.     Cyme  ramose;  braucblcts  bracteolatc, 

«qu&UiD{;  tlie  leaver.    Flower  iHMlicellate,  small,  gnnm,  5-mei'ous,  mostly 

^.IhereAi  beriuapLaxHiite.     Calyx  aiid  jHitals  persistent  in  the  fertile 

StamcuB  erect,  a  little  longer  than  the  ixjtals,  inserted  into  a 

!»hr  oentiul  disc  j  filaments  villous  at  the  base.    Ovary  inserted  upon 

duirt  tlwsby  gynoi)hore.     Drupe  globose,  glabrous,  1-seoded  by  abor- 

A  low  tree.    Approaching  H.  metopiumy  L.    Fl.  Jan.    In  forests, 

t  Thoma*  (Signal  Hill,  1400') ;  8t  Jan  (Hb.  Ilavn.  as  Xanthox- 

).    (8t  Croix,  Stony -ground?) 

lUeifoUa,  Sw.  (v.  Pravm). 

y.  Boot  contaiuiug  a  lasting  red  dye.    Common  on  lime- 
All  islands, 

lUncifm  iodlca.  L.  (v.  Manj^trco). 
FL  Fi'b.-April.     Fnrit  edible.     Introduced  towards  the  close  of  last 
ttutm^,  atid  now  cultivateil  and  naturalized  everywhere. — AH  islands. 

ji     IK  Aatoardloin  occldeatale,  L.  {v.  Ciwhoiv,  Cherry). 
^K  FL  Dov-ApriL    Pu<iicel  becoming'  lieshy,  and  containing  in  abund- 
^^■Mli  slightly  a^itringent  juice.     Seedn  used  as  ahuouds.    Commou  iu 
^Hmk  and  slong  roa4ls. — All  islaiuls. 

us.  ftouUrta  vorracoui,  U 
FL  all  the  year  round.    NaturaUzed  along  roada.    Very  commou. — All 


1^  C.  retUM.  L. 

Fl  ill  Ube  yeiir  round.    Commou  along  roatls  aud  in  waste  places. 
^E'tendi&Ml. — All  inlands. 

1*7.  C  btUbtia,  L. 

Fl  5o',  H  golden  sericeons  beneath.    Corolla  greenish.    Not 

VBniniMHt  iu  ■iiiuket«. — All  islands. 


■  FL« 
Bukm 


Claostu,  L.{v.  ]UtU<^-bDHli). 
FL  nil  ihv  yror  round.    Stipules  deciduous,  the  scar  exuding  nectar 
anU,  Bfl  wi;U  as  the  hnse  of  tlie  bract4M)Ie8.    Common  aloug  roads 
mardwdOinga^— St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 


42  FLORA  OF   8T.   CBOIX   ASV  THE   VIRQIX   ISLA5PS. 

189.  Indigofera  tinctorla,  L. 

Fl.  Apiil-Aug.    Cultivated  in  former  times,  but  now  ouly  found 
or  uaturalizcd.    Commou  m  di-y  localities. — AU  i&lauds. 

190.  I.  Anil,  L. 
FL  all  the  year  round.    The  whole  x>lant  is  much  attacked  by  u 

Yoiy  commou  in  diy  thickets. — All  islands. 

191.  Tephrosia  ciuerea,  Pcre.    a)  and  0)  litoralls,  Pcni. 

Fl.  Feb.-Juno.    Both  tonus  here  and  there  in  thickets. — All  isl 

192.  Cracoa  carlbaea,  Bonth. 
St.  Croix  (Schl.);  St.  Thomas  (Gris.  Fl.  p.  183), 

193.  CoursetJa  arborea,  Gria. 
St  Jan  (Oris.  FL  p.  183). 

194.  Sabineaflorida.  DC.  (v.Watoqianna). 

FL  March-July.    Precocious.    Wood  used  for  fishpots.    Gregario 
Common  in  thickets  and  forests. — Virgin  Islands.    (Cultivated  in 
Croix.) 

195.  Pictetia  eqaamata,  DC.  (Pmdr.ii,  3U)  (t.  Fustic). 

FL  June.    Flowering  period  only  5  or  6  days.   Branches  in  tills 
the  following  species  commonly  trausrormed  into  bniehyblasts.    C< 
mon  in  forests  and  thickets. — Virgin  Islands. 

196.  P.aristata.  DC.(Lo.)(v.Fastic). 
FL  Feb,,  March,  and  June-Aug.    Rather  common  in  thickets — ^ 

gin  Islands;  St.  Croix  (Jacq.  Uort  Schcenbr.  ii,  GO).f 
(Both  species  are  i)erhaps  to  be  united,  as  proposed  by  Jacquln.) 


197.  Agati  grandiilora,  Dcor. 
FL  all  the  year  round.    Naturalized  in  gai'dens,  common. — AU 


11^ 


198.  Sesbauia  serloea,  DC. 

FL  Nov.    In  thickets  near  the  coast,  uncommon. — St.  Thonms  (fi 
HiU). 

199.  iESschynomene  amerioana.  L. 

FL  Xov.-rlan.     In  pnsliires  aud  along  roads,  not  nncomn^on.— 
Croix. 

200.  Zornia  diphylla,  Vfn, 

FL  July-Ang.     In  pastures  on  high  hills,  rare. — St-Tliomas  (Sij 
Hill,  Cn)WH). 

201.  XiOttTWi  TMpertUtonia,  Desv, 

FL  Fob.-ApriL    Naturalized  In  gardens, — St*  Croix  j  8t  Thomas. 


»F  ST.   CKOIX   AND   THE   TIROIX   ISLANDS. 


43 


3C1  Alphmipjtm  vaglaaU«»  DC. 

R  XoT.-I>t»c.    Leaves  very  Tamble,    Along  roads,  common. — All 


lOft  Cftmodlum  trlflonim.  DC. 

FL  lJw.-roU    CouiJuoQ  near  ditclies  and  in  moist  localities.— All 

IM.  D.  tooonam.  DC. 

FLOct.-.Jan.    Common  in  pastures. — All  islands. 

901  D.  •oorptanw.  Ihi^r. 

RDeoJim.    in  jnistwres,  not  very  common. — St  Croix;  St  Thomas 
(Dochutt). 

30S.  DMinodhiin  tortnovnao.  DC. 
FLOtt-Jan.    Couuuod  in  pastures. — St,  Croix;  St  Tliomas. 

IM.  D  •ptrale,  DC. 

flJto\.-JaJi.     l^ot  uncommon  in  pastures  and  along  roads. — All 


Joe.  D.  mon^  DC. 
B    RDpc-Jan.    Lomentnm  often  3-4-jointed.    Katber  common  in  i)as- 
■ta|Mtt.  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

^    Wf  9t7to»uitlie«  prooiunbenB,  Stt. 

11  Oi:t.-l)ec-     Lomenttim  in  my  8i)ecimeUH  always  2-joiQted.    Com- 
mon ftN>tig  mads. — AW  islamltt. 


^ 


UO  6.  Tkoou.  Sir. 

8t.Cro(x  (Wttjt,  p,  .301),    (Perhaps  a  mistake  for  the  former  species.) 

311  Anchl*  hypogsi,  L.-  (t.  Ptndam,  Gronnd-nuto). 

Ft  Uxy~\ug.    Seeds  u.se<l  for  making  cakes  or  eaten  roasted.    Cuiti* 
*iM  oml  oatunilixcd. — All  islands. 

tUL  Alinu pnEcatoriua,  L.  (v.  Jtiinl>eo-tK-ai1,  Scniblirr,  Wild  Liqnorico), 
Kl()ci.-lVlK    Ix!uve«  Hhwl  for  washiug  clothes.    Common  in  thick- 
*  and  on  hedges.— All  islands. 

2U  KbynohoaU  mlolma.  DC.    a)  and  /?)  Iutea>  Egg. 
ft  all  ilie  year  round.    Seeds  black,  with  small  grey  spots,    a)  Stand- 
.1  vith  puq)le;  a  low  <'lind>er.    fl)  Standard  uniformly  yellow ; 
■tiz  up  t"  ♦■'      I'Otli  forms  common  in  pastures  and  tliickets. — All 


44'  FLOBA  OF  ST.  CBOnC  AKD  THB  VTBODT  lOUllBiL 

214.  R.  phaseololdes,  DC. 

Fl.  March.  Stem  laterally  compressed.  Bare  in  forests^-St 
(Signal  Hill,  12W}. 

215.  R  retloulata.  DC. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Leaflets  as  long  as  If.    CommoD 
and  along  roads. — ^All  islands. 

216.  Cajanns  indloOBi  Spreng.  (v.  Pigeon-pea,  Vendn  boonlje). 

FL  all  the  year  roand.  Seeds  nsed  as  a  common  vegetable 
Gulttvated  and  natnralized. — ^AU  islands. 

217.  Clitoxla  Tematea,  L.  (t.  Blae  Vine). 

F].  all  the  year  round.    Common  in  thickets. — ^All  islands. 

218.  Centroaema  virgfnlaTinm,  Bentli.    o)  and  0)  angoatUcdliim. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Very  common  in  ditches  and  on  feo 
islands. 

219.  Tetamnoa  unoinatna,  Sw.,  tot.  alUflomai  Egg. 

FL  Sept.-March.  Corolla  1^'"  long,  constantly  white.  Lc 
long,  black,  pilose.  Common  in  pastures  and  along  roads. — £ 
St.  Thomas. 

220.  Oalactta  fillfonniB,  Bonth. 

FL  Oct.-Jan.  Roots  often  bearing  small  tubers.  Common 
cts. — All  islands. 

221.  a.  tenuiflora,  W.  &  A. 

FL  L>b.-,Juiie.     In  forests,  rare.     There  seems  not  to  be 
niasoii  for  uniting  this  species  to  the  preceding,  as  done  by  G 
J,.  IIM.— St.  Thomas  (Flag  nill);  St.  Jan  (Kogiors). 

222.  Vigaa  luteola,  Bentb.  (v.  Wild  Pea). 

J'L  nil  the  year  round.     Common  in  moist  localities. — ^AIl  isl 

223.  Dollohoa  lablab,  L.  (D.  hcnghalensis,  Jacq.)* 

FI.hM  the  year  round.  Seeds  brown.  Very  common  along 
Hliorrit. — All  isIandH. 

224.  Pliaaoolua  lunatua,  L.  (v.  Bonny  Vis). 

I'i.  I»<r.-K«-b.     Corolla  white  or  rosy.     Xatunilized  in  tliit 
tU'ur  <l\v<'llint;M. — All  iHlauds. 
UStO.  /»  h.  vulgaris,  L.  (v.  White  Bean). 

///^^r(,h^.luly.    Cultivated    and    natnralized    near   dwdlii 


PLOBA   OF  ST.   CBOIX  AND   TH£   VIBGIN   ISLANDS. 


45 


2S6  Fk  tUtUB,  L. 
8t.(Vou(\VvJBt,  p,299), 

W  ?b.  Mml«reotua,  L. 

R  an  ihe  year  round.  Flower  expanded  only  in  the  snn.  Common 
ilutg  roads  suid  in  iHistnrcs. — All  islands. 

23ft  CiatTaliB  panriilora,  Ui-uth.  CFlur.  Bras,  xv,  i,  177). 

R  Feb.  Intidif  sceuce  extra -axillary  (as  in  C,  bonarienttis^  lAniW,  Bot. 
Brj;.  1191)).  Legume  broad  on  the  back,  without  prominent  ridges,  3" 
iuuS, IJ" hroad.     Seeds  crimson,  shining,  |"loug.    In  forests,  rare. — SL 

1lH>tmi8  (Signal  Hill,  1300'), 

J29.  C^dlata.  DC.      ft)  enslformls,  DC.  (v.  S»iur-oyc8,  Overlook)  {DoHehot  fltriwa- 
ci>nM^,  Jiici).  Irou.  Ror.  t.  5rj9).     Br>t.  Mag.  4027. 

rLAnjj.-Dec.   ^atnralizeiPin  provision  grounds. — St.  Thomas  (Signal 
C  obtMifoUa.  DC.  {DoUchns  mtvndifoUvSj  Yulil). 

PI  ill  tho  yf'Af  rotmd.    Common  along  the  seashore. — ^All  islands, 
n     293.  Mnoma  prnrieu,  DC.  (v.  Cow-itch). 

■  ROut-Xov.   In  Hhudy  valleys.   Rare. — All  islands. 
I  232.  GrTlhiliiA  Corftllodendroo,  L.  (v.  Flamboyant). 

^■tfl  Fub.-Apnl.   Prt'cocion^.    Stamens  all  of  unequal  length.     Rather 
^^Rnon,  eAi»etriaIly  along  roads  and  near  dwellings. — All  islands. 

233.  S.  horrlda,  Kgg.  (a.«p.), 

Fl  F(*b.-March.     Very  prickly.     Ap[troa<*ljiug  to  the  preceding,  but 
itHiD,  bmnchcs,  petiole,  and  leaf  ribs  on  both  sides  armed  with  stoat 
lltfTAight  pricldeH*,  legume  tervte,long'b<*aked.   A  low  tree,  branches 
libmL   In  forests,  not  uncommon, — All  islands. 

^J9i  FiNUU  EiTtbriaa.  h.  (v.  Dog-wood,  Stint-tree). 

PI.  Mflrcb-ApriL  PreiMx^ions.  Only  thuse  individuals  that  flower  drop 
tt*  lores.   Common  in  thickets. — All  islands 

Its.  DtepoiiocaTpuB  Innatuft,  M«y. 

■  ALCroix  (liwrt,  1787,  in  Hb.  Uavn;  West,  p.  298). 

22C  BtcaMopbyUnm  Brownel,  Pcra. 
PLiQni9-I>e&  Jfwt  aacommon  on  sandy  shores. — ^All  islandBt 

^T  Aadtra  locnilll,  8w,  (r.  Dv£  Almond,  Uoalard  Maloifiiiiy.  Hun  Kloot). 

nd  Dec.     Xot  uncommon  in  forests  and  along  livn- 


46 


FLORA   OF   ST.   CROIX   AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


238.  Sophora  tomeutosa,  L. 

Fl.  July-Jan.    Along  sandy  shores,  rare- — St.  Croix  (Wbittfa  Baj 

Turner's  Hole). 

239.  Myroapennum  fratesoens,  Jacq. 
Fl.  May-Juiie.     Lcgiuuo  i-esiuous.    Ifaturalizetl  near  ilwelliiigs-— SL^ 

Croix. 

240.  H^matoxylon  campechiannm,  L.  (v.  Logwood). 
Fl.  Ft'b.-May.     The  y<Huig  plants  prickly  on  the  stem.    Here 

there  on  samly  shores.   J^Ioro  coinmon  iit  former  times. — AU  island^., 

241.  ParkUuonia  aouleata,  L.  (v.  Hotse-beau). 
FL  all  the  year  round.   Common  in  dry  localities. — All  inlands. 

242.  OuUandlna  Bondtto,  L.(r.T(*llow  Niekon). 
FL  May-Oet,    Coumiou  along  Bandy  HlA)re8. — All  islands. 

243.  O.  melanospenna,  Egf;.  (n.  np.)  (v.  Black  Nirlirtn). 
Fl.  June-Oct.    Itesembling  the  precedinuj  but  leallot^  BuiaUer,  g\ 

brous,  shining,  prickles  rad  and  seeds  shining-black.     Seoda  used  fc 
oraameuts.   In  dry  thickets  neai'theshorc,  rare. — St  Croix  (Sandy  Point, 
Grape-tree  Bay).  ■ 

244.  O.  Bonducella,  L.  (v.Qrey  Nickars).  " 
Fl.  all   the  year  n>und.    Anthers  successively  dehiscent.     Flower*  „ 

polygamous.    Very  common  along  sandy  shores. — AU  islands. 

245.  Ceoaalpiula  pulchenima,  Sw.  (v.  Dudeldu). 

FL  June-Dec.     Bracteolos  large^  subulate,  but  deciduous  before  th^ 
e.vpansion  of  the  llowcr.     Commonly  natunUize^l  along  roails  aud 
dwellinga. — St  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

246.  Foindana  regla.  Hqj,  (Dot  Mag.  2884)  (v.  Fkunboxaut). 
Fl.   May-.Tuly.   Bracteole-s  as  in  the  preceding.     Leaves  de<Mdn:w 

Dec-April.     A  handsome  tree  of  very  quick  growth.     Naturalized 
gardens  and  near  dwellings. — St.  Croix ;  St.  Thomas. 

247.  Lobidlbia  ooriarla,  ScM.  (v.  Dividivi). 

Fl.  April-May.    Legume  used  for  tanning  purposes.    Itather  commi 
on  drj-  hills. — Virgin  Islands  (St  Croix,  cultivated). 

248.  CaaaU  Flatula.  L. 
Fl.  Sept.     Naturalized  hero  and  there  in  shady  valleys. — St 

(The  William). 

249.  C  graudia,  L.  (v.  Llqnorice-tiw). 

Fl.  April^iily.    The  pulp  containing  rhaphides  in  abundance.     Nat- 
uralized and  cultivated  near  dwellings. — St  Croix  j  St.  Thoinaa. 


FLOKA   OP  ST.   CaOIX  AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


47 


lsaCbMUIuls.L. 
VLNnv^May.    ComxnoD  in  thicl^cts  and  woods  on  high  hills. — St 

Ul  C  blc«p«alaz1a,  L.  (v.  8tiTerT>uab,  Styror  bla). 
H  all  the  year  round.     Vei^-  common  in  waste  jtlaces. — All  islands. 

331  C  fladda,  VuhL 
RDiH!,    X«tundize<l  near  towns. — St.  Thomas. 

391  C  fadflora*  L.     0)  ansvstUUiqaa,  Lam. 

Fl,  JTor^May.    In  Uiickets,  rare. — St  Croix  (Longford). 

IM.  C.  lUta.  L.  (T.  Goldvn  Cnndlcntick,  Fleitl). 

R  May-Xov.  Along  rivulets,  not  uncommon. — Virgin  Tdands  (nat- 
nnliiwl  in  St,  Croix). 

3S1  C.  occidentaliB,  L.  (r.  Stinking-Trcod). 

FL  all  tUe  yiMT  rouiiil.  Root  used  against  fever.  A  very  common 
i«cd  near  dwellings  and  in  waste  places. — All  islands. 

^  C  obtnalCaUa.  L, 

RJwMvNov.     Common  in  dry  localities. — St  Croix  j  St.  Thomas. 

(C.  trijhra,  Vahl  (Eclog.  Am.  iii,  p.  11)  (West,  St  Ci-oix),  ia  a  doub^ 
W  i{iecio».  I  have  not  been  able  to  hnd  the  original  specimen  of  Vahl 
aflKHarn.) 

^7  C.  ctendttlosa.  L.    a)atrictB,  Schl.,  and  0)  ramoaa. 

Fl  ill  the  year  round.  Both  forms  common  in  pastures  and  along 
'^•Av— AU  JsldDda. 


J'  .  i-ar  ronnd. 

iCma}  SLTliomas. 


In  the  same  localities  as  tbo  preceding. — St 


m.  ftmarindna  Indioa,  L.  (T.Tomaiiud-tTee). 

FL  MiiTch^  uuc  KaturaUzod  everywhexe,  especially  near  dwell- 
tBS>^All  lAlands. 

M  Uyvmomm.  Courbadl,  L.  (v.  Locnst-troo). 

Ft  Jan.  and  Jnl>-Aiig.  Bracts  large,  early  deciduous.  The  wood  is 
isttoillait  timber  on  account  of  its  l>eing  very  hanl  and  close-grained. 
^  bcwtA,  here  and  there. — All  islands. 

Ml.  BuUaU  tomtntou,  L. 

FlMay^iine.  Lwivea  partly  deciduous  in  Sfarch.  Naturalized  In 
Jfwloa  iud  near  dwellings.— St  Croix ;  St  Thomas. 


^^  =TOBA.  OF  3T.   CBOIX  ASD  THB  VIBGIH  XBLAIM. 

162.  3.  in^ola.  -■  tct\ 

'ff3     ir^r^T^^^  »M—»— ■■!■   r     -  I'^.Mifmiiofi*^ 

1.  ~—  -iT.     I'anzrouzed  uetir  dwellings  and  in  shady  vaOc 
"..  ^JL^    ^-.nrzikr  i.T>nrMT]mg  as  many  as  A  seeds.  Bare^— Bock  It 


".  .^   ixc    '^ar  -rjuniL     3oxh  rbims  oommon  in  pastores  and  i 


:.    lI    :u'    tur 'tuLuu.     Ill  r)^2^nln^!3  :uid  along  roods. — St  Croix 
ntT<.  'I:.  Si-wait-;  'vir^iu  Uiuiid!}  common). 

.    i-iN'i.    I 'it  ii;^ii  "nil.-*. — St.  i.'i-oix  \\\':it,  p. 31:i ;  liisspec 
■y.   ■  „:;u   It    ill.  !la\  :i.. ;  Vir^m  I>lainls  i*:ommon). 

•■•  .!  In-  \r.ir  -ituiMi.  LoaiU'ts  i-losin;;  to^ii^ther  in  stroDj;^  sui 
;,,,:^  iMti  (M-  ':iin*>  wtiik,  -iUi'h  us  cnllai-s,  ba^ikets,  etc.  Verj' co 
^-  :  ^  >\iirti\  iiNt..is M'niutlaryjri-owth oil fleiired  woodlands. — Allit 

•  '  Mm  .■u',\  sicMi  I'lirriishod  with  sti-on;^  black  acoleL  Xatm 
..  .:.  .,;\  \i:U\s. .  Si.  ("i-oi.x  i<.'ix'4ui.s). 

»^.t       (    •«ti«lillfii,   U       \      \!ii.irrl  '. 

•'     M  i\  i!r,i\»t\.   I  >*■!■.    ProtaiKlnni:?.    Youii":  foliage  reddish. 
,-;. ,:  MM  li-ii.  .M  .      V  low  live.    Couiuiou  iu  thickets  and  woods. — 


■•     K  «t»»«j«»»\»**.  I  v.,v.  iv.C.«ch-an<l-kt^p,  WTiitc  Police). 

•  *iv  .-M-rt  St**m  •;eiu'rallyanpiliir  or  even  winged.  Averj 
All  I  u  b.t  tio  uvurviHl  spiues  of  which  often  make  thickets  ix 
SMtiHiou  (Ml  dry  hills.— Virgin  Islands. 


FLOBA    07   ST.    CROIX   AND    THE    VIRGIN   ISLANDS.  49 

an  k  onexmouttha,  HB.     0)  Blabrena  (v.  Stink  Cnshll). 

Fl  Def.-Aprtl.  A  shrub  or  low  tree.  Wood  oxhaling  a  very  dis- 
i^nttthlf  odour.   Coiuniuii  in  thk'kuts  on  diy  hilK — All  iKlandrt. 

m.  A.  tertoowi,  W.  (V.  Cuahii). 

Fl  sfl  Iht*  year  round.  Flowers  fraj^ant.  Bracteoles  rliomboidj  cUiate. 
Oftdi  gre^aiiooB.    Commou  on  dry  bills. — All  islaude. 

,A-Puii««teiM.  W.(v.OdAlifi). 

.all  thv  yeAT  ronnd.  Flowers  iVa^mt ;  bracteoles  spathulate,  ciliatt*. 
FoBajcuor  UUH  and  the  two  former  8pC'cie»  eaten  by  goats,  and  their  wood 
inezally  lued  for  making  chan-oal.     Common  in  dry  localities. — All 

tn.AanMea.  W. 

TL  Xor.F-JaD.     27atui*aUztid  near  dwellings.^ — St.  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

am  A  Lebbek.  Vr.(Y,Thilwt-!Tw). 

R.  April-Sept*     Leiivea  deeiduoas  Xov.-Mai*cb.     Flowers  fragrant. 

by  wkttle.    Tlie  tree  is  often  overgrown  by  Loranihua  emar- 

M-      .  -.Liirsdized  in  pa«fui*es  and  elsewhere. — St.  Croix  (very  eoni- 

i);  Vbgin  Inlands  (common,  except  St  Jan,  where  the  tree  seems  not 

(0  thrive). 

fi.  frmdo^a,  W,,  vnr.  etfhindulomj  St  Tliomas,  is  mentioned  by 
•^ittirht<'Jid»l  AS  ApontantHiUH,  but,  being  an  Kn^t  Indian  Kpecie-K,  is  most 
I«^Wyonly  cultivated  or  at  most  mituralized.  I  have  not  seen  tho 
ui  the  island.) 

fn  CaUUodra  portoricezul*.  Donth. 

H  IVh.  Climbijig  bj-  the  aid  of  young  brancheH  that  twine  themseivea 
woaml  the  branches  of  other  trees.  In  forests,  rare. — St  Jau  (King's 
ffitf);T»cqDe8. 

!*ft  Cpnrparea.  IWntk.  (v,  SoWier-wood,  \Vo<rt), 

StCniix  (Gria,  Fl.  p.  224,  probably  on  the  authority  of  West  Tliis 
•*W,  however,  says,  p.  312,  that  the  tree  is  only  cultivated  in  the  isl- 
•i  Ilk  Kpedroens  are  in  existence  in  Rb.  Uavn.    I  have  not  seen  the 

>n.C.8Mua.Gri«,(v.(»anl  Tliibrttrcc). 

ClMny-Anp.  A  voiy  large  ti-ee  of  qnick  growth.  Nataralixed  near 
^Hhtpiaud  pbinte<l  lUong  roads. — St  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

'tt  Pttbcooroblnm  uneoiii-omtl,  th-ntli.    a)  anri  ji)  toxfex,  Klh.  (v.CralvprickV). 
fictiC^au.     O.^'nophorc  1'"  long.     Seeds  black,  shining;  iLrillus 
VMd  for  fishi>ots.     Both  forms  cooimon  on  limestone  and 
noil,'— All  islands. 
tfalU.  Kftt  Mvis.  No.  L3 i 


•       -'li.....  1.;  2')ineiana 


*•■■- 

te  ■ . 
.V 


f0. 
■I 


oaivu*— All  Ulii 


,  —1.:   ..    -^-  ■■ . ;<i.  L.. are  cu 
-       •*-:'::_:  -^ir::*iantlyall  i 

-    J.    :j-i:i'rr    :  zrailaala< 


-tsn  «.£.£. 


■1... 

!^.   ::jri>amii.*n. — AH  i^k 


FLOBi.  OF  ST.   CROIX  AND   THE   VIRGIN   ISLASDS. 
3«lB.Polf«tU.  DC. 

,noiaag(Gri8.FL:.>30). 


51 


'at  S  mautSooU,  DC. 

FL  July-Sept  Leaves  vimablc,  distichona.  Flowera  strongly  fni- 
(juL  Wlien  not  flowering,  tbo  shrub  emits  a  i'oetid  smell.  Itatber 
«ouum  In  forestt.— All  i^Uinda. 

m.  B  umarU,  Pvir. 

FL  AaK«-Oct.  Leaves  variable.  Petiole  reddish.  In  thickets; 
nw^t,  Croix  (Lebanon  Oill,  Fair  Plain). 

291  B  Utexiflora,  W.  (£.  oordala,  DC.  ProOr.  iii,  273,  And  probably  E.  HsaUifiora,  ib. 

FL  Sept*-^ov.     Leaves  very  variable,  ovato,  ouncate,  or  oblong. 
:8cssile  or  subsessile,  crowded  in  the  axils.     Berry  globose, 
diazn.     Common  in  thickets  and  furest^s. — All  islands. 

ML  a  MHfllflora.  Vulil  (Symb.  Bot  ili,  G4). 

Flittly-Oct.  Fioijt  large,  rosy,  %*'-V*  diam.  Flowers  sessile,  large, 
«Wi,  fi"'  diani.  In  tliickets,  not  nnconmiou. — StCroLrj  St.  Thomas 
(CMr^IIiU). 

(Rrtli  DC.  and  Oris,  seem  to  confouTul  these  two  very  distinct  species, 
^  ttowvrn  and  ihnts  of  which  are  highly  diCfercnt  in  most  resiiectij, 
W!.  Prodr,  iii,  373,  says  of  his  E,  sesailiflora :  Fructus  dlmidio  minor 
E,  lateriflorocy  yet  immediately  abo%'e  he  says  of  this  latter  species: 
tiw  H  sena.  i^moti.  Vald's  descripti<m  is  \  ery  correct,  also,  of  tho 
toiOf  irhich  ho  says:  Pruui  magnitudiue,  globosos.) 

^ Hlbfvovlrenfl,  lUtrg  (I.e.). 
St  iuk  (Kavn  in  lib.  Ilavn.). 

M  &  lUbrata.  DC  (Pndr.  iil.  274). 

I^  & |»a«a«,  DC.  {E.  mitidxL,  VRhl  in  Hb.  Havn.)  (v.  Crotnborry). 
ftfiept^Kov,    Leaves  shining.    In  forests,  uncomn»on. — All  islands. 

**  t  KvtoMtM,  Polf.  (DC.  PrmJr.  1.  <i,3ft3). 
^  ifto  (in  forentey  Berg  in  Linnsea,  xxx,  G62) ;  St.  Croix  (Moont  Eagle, 


Leaver  variable.    Common  along  the  seoahoro  and 


FLORA  OF   ST.   CBOU   A5D   TBE    VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


53 


in  Punloa  srao>t^iUB>  '••  (^-  Pnmpgrunnte). 

Jl  ApriMVL     Flowiu'8  cTuusou  or  yellow    Fruit  the  suiae.    ^atnr* 
in  ralleys  and  near  dwellings. — All  islands. 

Hi  MoartxU  domlnseiuiS)  Walp.  (PetaUtma  Mouriri,  Sw.)^ 

^1  '  'audoniiiB  Gut,  West,  p.  -'.S5,  and  Hpecimens  in  lib.  Havn.). 

[l-.: a  species;  Jf^riu*  cowmwnw,  L.  (v.  Myrtle), and  Couroupitti 

^MMMM,  Aubl.  (V.  IN^atmeg).] 

nnQLASTOMACC^. 

ni  ClldasBte  hirta,  Don. 

bLTliutuas  (Uiedle  see.  >'andin,  Ann.  des  sc.  nat.  1853,  sviii,  p. 532). 

ne  C.  iploftta,  DC. 
PL  .lnne-July,    In  forests,  not  uncommon, — All  islands. 

>lf  C.  rabrai  Mut. 
SLThiimas  (Oris.  Fl.  p.  248j  Finlay  seo*  Xaiidin,  1.  c). 

31&  Oiploohita  sermlaU,  DC.    • 

R.  r'lli.-May,    Not  uncominoa  in  wooded  valleys. — St.  Croix  j  St. 

lU  Tvtnayfiia  elataenoldes,  DC. 
n  Apiil-Aug.    Common  in  forCHts  and  on  high  hills. — All  islands. 

W.  KioonU  ar£7Tophylla,  DC. 
StTliumMJS  (Fliiliiy  sec.  Xandin,  Oris.  Fl.  p.  256). 

^  M.  ImpvtloUxift,  Dmu. 

IttTca  an  long  lis  1  j' St  Croix  (West  in  lib.  ITa\-n.);  St,  Thomas 

^Hi  R  p.  250;  Bunpland  see.  Kaudiu.    Montserrat  (Kyan  in  lib. 

^  «  pnalna,  DC. 

^Tbomiis  (fii«dl4?  sec,  Xaudin). 

'  I  uly.    In  forests,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

Ui  It  ■eccuMlibUA,  OrU 
^^lArch.    A  guod-8i£ed  shrub,  often  gregaiioua  on  limestone.— St. 
in  IIlKlIavTi.);  Virgin  Islands  (not  uncommon.    Mont- 
"'    'Uvn.). 

; '    ics  mentioned  by  Xaudin  as  having  been  collected 

Tbutuan  I  omit  as  being  a  mtber  doubtfiU  habitat.    These  are: 

ty  Gri^.   {Miwnia,  Naud,);  Crt'manium  amygdalinmny 

,'«*atf,  1^*-.;,  and  Kepncra  aquaticOf  Xaud.J 


:r^     '  ''      S-JIX  AHD  THE   ViadlK   ISLANDS. 

->  luu.  riieie  in  moist  localities.— St.  Croix  (Lover 
'  .  riiyiuas  (Flag  HiU). 


Liii   :^yxnb.  Bot.  iii,  66)  (r.  Prickle-irood). 

'*^:(a:iuu:^    Petiole  bibracteate  abov«  the  niiddk. 
i^     ^1^    .i.>iiisc. — St.  Croix  (rare;   Fair  Plain,  Stony 
...&uu:«  L'uiumon). 
.  .      ^.x«.    Mtcvunia  inernm.  It.  {V,  Mignonette),  ttoALifff- 
.  'juetju  of'  Flowers).] 

.    ^  %iUbiot>M.  u.    a)  lignstzlfoUa,  Kth. 

...    •■niitU    Uere  and  there  in  moist  places.— St  Cfoii 
.  .1  ^ouA  :  :5t.  Thomas  (Caret  Bay). 

BH1ZOPHORACE.C 

.  ...  Maiifjis,  I,.  ,v. Mangrove,  Man^elboom). 
...    tMiiui.    Ci ivirarious  along  the  shore  of  lagoons.— All 
v\     •tu;iiu>k:i  Xotiser,  1877,  Lund,  and  Vidensk.  Meddfra 
.'n*;;;ij;  '«  Coponhugcn,  1877-78.) 

rCUBBETACE^. 

...  K  ."^Lii'^M,  !  .  ,^v.  Vlmond-trco). 

.  ..!aS'i>i.    Naturalizod  in  valleys  and  near  dwellings. — ■ 
.,  ...I   .  \  ir^iu  Ii*lands  (rare). 

i. ..»  -.u'cuK^a.  ll.  (v.^Vliito  ManRrovo). 

.    w.;.   -I'liml.    AVood  used  for  fl-shpots.    Common  in  salt- 

V'!  jnI.iihU. 


4».  I     ^N.iliv^'i'ryi. 

V  splvudid  timber  tree.    Leaves  often  attacked  by  * 
.,iv'  Kuu/e  niyn»l.  Ilofte,  ii,  148).    Flowers  often  tnii*^ 
iNiuvsiiies  (tiguretl  already  in  P.  Browne's  Jamai*^*^ 
ii.>:i    w  \.ilU'\s  and  especially  along  the  coast. — All  i=* 


■It.'Sl' 


.\\  •   .li«K' 


1 .4  t    V  ^    r.iirton-wond V     a>  and  3)  procumbens,  Jaoq. 


;i.  \».ii  u'liiul.    (\unuK»n  along  the  coast  and  in  lagoons 


FLOHA    OF  ST.   CROIX   AND   TH£   VIRGIN   ISLA5DS.  55 

CI7CITR11ITACEJE. 

(OtbftK  Flora,  and  Xamlui :  Aimalus  dca  sc.  nat.  185U,  '63,  '63,  uid  *66.) 
333.  ftSoao«dic«  Charuitia,  L.    a)  and  ^)  pfteudobalBamina  (r.Maid-npiile). 

^FL  Dec  nod  A|>rU-Apg.    Cuuiiuoa  on  fences  and  near  lUtchcs. — All 


)34.  Luff- 


•*exa.  (Sjn.  Mou.  ii,  03)  (Z.  Petota,  HcK  Wight  Icon,  ii,  t.  41K>) 


ft 


yi  Oct-Dec    Tendril  5-fid.    Fruit  brown,  4"  long.    Naturalized  on 
It  Croix ;  St-  Thonian. 

Cttcntblta  Pepo,  l>.    a)  (r.  ptimpkui)  uu«1  /j)  Melopepo  (v.  B<]ua8h). 
FI.  May.-Nov.  and  Feb.      Fruit  used   extensively  as  a  vegetable. 
SoBmlised  and  cultivated. — All  idiuids. 

>M>  Utcmaria  ▼al^aTlit  Bvr.    u)  (t.  Gobie)  and  ^)  ▼lacoaa,  Egg.  (v.  BiiUn-  Gobiu). 

PL  SffpU-Jan.  The  whole  plant  lias  a  strung  smell.  Tendi'il  2-fid. 
^Inves  vitK*ontt,  ]K;t1olo  bij^luudular  near  the  top.  Used  as  a  blister. 
Ifol  VBooininon  in  waHte  places,  a)  on  fences.  Fruit  used  lor  goblets.— 
dL Croix;  St  Thomas. 

Sn.  Vfllothrta  perrafii,  Oris. 

K  I*<'c-April.    In  thickets,  not  uncommon. — All  fslnnds. 

Cuomola  Ajigiula,  L,  (v.  Cnt-iitubtT). 

Ji^iu-March.  Anthers  glabmus  in  tlie  bud,  pilose  aj\er  dehiscence, 
*«lIit^tiojg  the  pollen.  Iterry  used  for  soup  and  pickles.  Common  in 
IMtazn  and  i>u  feiu'^A. — ^All  islands. 

n)  OlphaUadra  Indloa,  Kand.  (I.  c.  18^,  p.  14)  (CocHnia,  W.  &  A.). 

H  IVir^tuQe.  Xuturalizod  near  dwellings  and  in  shudy  vidleys, — 
StCmix, 

MO.  TlUaoipmaB  sniclUfloniiu,  Grls.  (7.  Iklatujmi,  Naud.)> 

Ft  XoT^^an-  Leaf  3-5  lobed.  Tendril  often  bifid.  In  forests,  not 
BMwunDtL— AU  islands. 

Ml  T  AeiCatJom,  Hart.  (S^st.  nat.  mod.  vcg.  Bma.  79)  (BryoHia,  Lsm.)- 

Fl  ^'  •^      '     1  ".  sts,  not  uncommon, — St.  Thomas  (Soldier  BJ^y); 

at., 

au  AacBcU  cillobftta,  L. 
fitCfUx  (Uam's  liluff,  West,  p.  305). 

'^  A-  ilowrttta,  CfCfC'  (n.  «p.). 

ATchand  May-Anp    Root  tulH'rous.     Stem  suffniticose, 
,      T-'v-Hs  alternate,  ovate-tnangulatc  or  3  lobed,  some- 


r>r>  FLORA  OF  ST.   GBOIX  AND  THE  YIBOHr  ISZJLHBS. 

tiiiu's  :Vinirtlti\  luirrowly  cordate  at  the  base,  denticoIatCy  acaminalK^ 
M*a1iiMU$  ubuvc,  whitish  pubescent  beneath.  Tendril  simple.  9  flowcn 
;;U>inorato,  sostaiile  or  subsessile,  8-20  iu  the  glomemle.  Calyx  iiioeobl» 
I  >  liiulrioal,  Huiall.  Petals  5,  orange-coloured  or  red,  lanceolate,  erect,  9** 
Ion;;.  iStyle  biliU;  Migiuas  tliick,  globose,  obsoletely  2-lobod.  Oraiy  S- 
ItH'ular;  ovules  3-8  iu  each  cell.  Berries  densely  glomerate,  sessile  v 
suliKossilo,  oval,  glabrous,  striate,  red,  8"'  long.  Seeds  3-8,  nroeolato- 
^lobosc,  vernicose,  brownish,  2'"  long,  i  unknown.  A  high  dimber. 
iSti'in  ot'tou  y  diaiu.  at  the  base,  succulent.  In  forests,  not  nnooni* 
iniin. — St.  Croix  (JacoVs  Peak,  Clarcmout,);  St.  Thomas  (FicaraPeoiii- 
Nula). 

All  (\i<rurbitaceai  are  protogynous. 

[Cultivated  si>ocies:  Scchium  cduie^  Sw.  (v.  Choco);  Cucumu  aatirnttL 
y\.  MuMt»n-cucuiiiber);  0.  il/Wo,  L.  (v.  Muskmelon),  and  Cifrullut  tid- 
./III  i«,  Sriinider  (V.  Watermelon).] 

PAPAYACE^. 

S-A4    Clmltiii  Pnpaya,  L.  (v.  rnpiiw). 

I  I  Miin-li-Aug.  Stom  often  branched.  Fruit  used  as  a  TegetaUb 
t  tMiiniiiii  iii'iu-  dwclliugs  and  in  waste  places.    All  islands. 

P  ASSIF  LOR  AC£  .C 

t  *  1     ravalJIdra  auberoia,  L.  (v.  Vu\t,  Iiidi;;ivlH*rr}'). 

I  I  .i*;|ii.  Dec.    Common  on  rockh  and  fences. — All  islands. 

*k.i     r    |falllr|il,  I.. 

II  1 1. 1    I  ><■«■.    Ill  forests,  rare. — St.  Cix)ix  (Wills  Bay);  St.  Jan. 

a    »  11.)  .  aVi-sl,  p.  JJO. 

t  itl     I'    |i»llrtfrt,  ''ilV. 

)i   I  iiitiM.i-i  ^S4•hl.). 

> .  .1  I'  1  iiiiiti,  1.. 
I  t     1.  |.i    l<N.     Iri  foii'sts  and  on  roeks. — St.  Ci*oix  (rare);  Virgin  Id- 

•  ii-l      -.i  ■ittiliimi;. 

•  ■  >    I-   i.i>.ii(..n>t,  I,.  (V.  H*-lN:i]>i)1i-). 

M    .11  iiii   ',1 .11  roinid.     Lcaf-niiujrin  ^landulifeiT»U8.    Ben^' fragrant, 
■■>   iiiiiii,   ,111  tdiliN'  pulp.     In  thirkcts  on  liigli  hills  (i>erhaps  only  nat- 
M.iii  .ill  .Mill  i-iilli\:ilfd. — All  islands. 

ii  t,  p.  :tlM). 


FLORA  OF  ST.   CROIX  AND  THE   ViaOiN  ISLANDS.  57 

SSa.  p.  ftatlda,  L.  <v.  Love  in  the  mUt). 

FL  Sept-Jan.  Protandroiu.  Ou  fences  and  uear  ditches,  common. — 
St  Croix ;  St.  Thomas. 

[Cultivated  species :  P.  quadrangular^^  L.  (v.  Grcnadilla),  the  berry' of 
which  is  ediblcj 

TVRNERACEiE. 

353.  TDiiMniiilinllblia.  L. 

FL  March-Oct.    In  waste  places,  common. — ^All  islands. 

354.  T.  puTlflon.  Bcnth. 

FL  Sept^Dec  and  Jan.-May.  Leaves  always  eglandalar;  calyx  not 
tomentose.  Gregarioas  on  rocky  seashores,  rare. — St  Thomas  (Cowell's 
Hill; ;  Buck  Island,  near  St.  Thomas. 

CACTACEJB. 

355.  aCunUUzU  iUtom,  Link  (Pfciffcr  Enum.  Cact.   1837,  p.  11)  {M.  iorioleMiB^ 

Hort.  Bexol.). 
FL  all  the  year  round.     Flower  jiale  yellow;  berry  clavate,  purple. 
Seeds  brownish.    On  rocks  near  the  seashore. — Buck  Island  and  Flat 
Cays,  near  St  Thomas ;  Tortola  (Pf.). 

356.  Melooactna  commania,  DC.  (v.  PopC'V  Head). 

FL  all  the  year  round.  Berry  clavate,  puri>l<?»  3"  long.  Seeds  black, 
verrncose.  Up  to  four  feet  high.  On  dr>'  hills  and  rocks,  especially 
Dear  the  shorc^ — All  islands. 

357.  M.  atTOMUiKiiineiu,-Hoxt.  Bcrol. 
St-  Thomas  (Pf.  1.  c-  p.  44). 

35A.  Cerena  floccoaiis,  Hort.  Bcrol.  (v.  Dikto). 

FL  Oct.-July.  Berry  depressed  globose,  dark  ciimson,  1^"  diam. 
Palp  red;  seeds  small,  black.  On  dry  bills  in  thickets,  common. — All 
uilaads. 

359.  C.  afinatn%  Otto. 

St.  Thomas  (Pf.  L  c.  p.  Ql). 

360.  C.  txluiBnlaria,  Haw.  (r.  Cbiggor-appio). 

FL  July.  Berry  large,  crimson,  edible,  5"  long,  oval.  On  tivcs  and 
rocks  in  forests,  not  uncommon. — All  Islands. 

3€1.  C-  modiflonu,  Haw.  (t.  NighthUMmiiug  OrciiH). 

FL  May-July.  Katoralized  in  gardens  and  near  d wc  lUngs. — St  Croix ; 
St.  Thomai. 


58  FLOBA  OF  BT.   CBOIX  AND  THB  TIBOm  IBUUTOS. 

362.  Opontia  oorauavloa,  Mill.  (v.  Bncken). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Berry  purple,  |"  long,  Glavat&  Giega 
in  dry  localities,  which  aie  often  rendered  impenetrable  by  its  pieo 
Very  common. — ^All  islands. 

363.  O.  Tuna,  Mill.  (v.  Prickly  Pear). 

FL  aU  the  year  round.  Beiry  ovate,  crimson,  edible.  Seeds  m 
black.  Used  for  fencing  purposes.  In  dry  localities,  very  oommc 
All  islands. 

364.  O.  honlda,  Salxn.  <t.  BoU-enckers). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Flower  reddish-yellow.  In  diy  looalities,  i 
mon. — St.  Oroix ;  St.  Thomas. 

365.  O.  aplnoalwlma.  Mill. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Spines  white,  5-8  in  each  duster,  deddi 
on  the  stem.  Flower  J"  diameter.  Plant  reaching  20'-25'  high.  In 
thickets,  common. — ^AU  islands. 

366.  O.  tabenmlata,  Haw.  (t.  French  Prickly  Pear). 

FL  the  whole  year.  Flower  small,  yellow.  Branches  used  for  ] 
tices.  Plant  10'-15'  high.  Naturalized  and  planted  near  dwellin| 
St.  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

367.  O.  cocoinoUifera,  Mill. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Plant  15'-20'  high.  On  limestone,  un 
mon. — St.  Crois^  St.  Thomas. 

368.  O.  catocantha,  Hort.  Berol. 
St.  Thomas  (Pf.  1.  c.  p.  16G). 

369.  Peireakla  acnleata,  Mill.  (v.  Surinam  Gooseberry')' 

FL  July.  Fruit  acidulous,  edible.  Xaturalizcd  and  cultivated.- 
Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

370.  P.  Bleo,  HB.  K. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Sepals  accrescent  on  the  fruit.  iKatura 
and  cultivated  in  gardens. — St.  CroL\ ;  St.  Thomas. 

[Cultivated  species:  Cereus  perucianusj  Tahamrj  C.  monoclonoB^ . 
C  repandusj  Uaw.,  and  C.  PhifUanthns,  DC] 

CRASSlTLACEf. 

371.  BryophyUnm  calycinnm,  Salisb.  (v.  Wonderful  Leaf). 

FL  Jan.-March. — ^Naturalized  in  dry  localities,  common,  gregaiioo 
All  islands. 


PLOKA  OF  6T    CBOIX   AND   THE   VIBOIN  ISLANDS. 


59 


Pft&JLX  «p*c]oauin,  WiUd.  {H\m^c.  Plant,  iv,  p.  112^). 

««?ij  (Iow<*rinj;.    Luatleto  8,  of  unequal  size,  tlie  central  ones  lur- 

MATf^n  sUghtJy  unUulntv  and  dcnticiilaUi,    Up|»cr  snrfaco  covered 

idbOiQt  And  dtx'idnnuH  ranrie4ite  hairs;  tomentum  on  the  lower  aur- 

adoimrt.     A  low  txee.     In  forests,  very  rare.    St.  Jan  (King's 

',  OQ  the  northern  slojie  of  the  hills).    (Cuba,  Purto  Eicu,  Ca- 

innBELLIFER.IE:. 

ighssn  fceHdnm.  L. 

[)W-May.    liictoiiaL    Along  rivulets  and  in  moist  places,  rare. 
"nsmKUM  (Can-t  Bay). 

iMlbiBB  Biweoluis,  L.  (v.  Dill). 

Xatoh-Oct.    Naturalised  along  roods  and  near  dwellings.— All 

'aUivated  species:  Petn>8efinwn  Mtivum,  Hofila.  (v.  Ts^Bley);  Daucm 
L»  (r.  Carrot) ;  PimpincUa  Anisumy  L.  (v.  Aiiise);  Twniculum  wl- 
[V,  Fennel);   AiUhriscwi  oer^o/iwwi,   L,  (v.  Chei'vil),  and 
fneeolenSy  L.  (v.  Celery).] 

LORATVTHACEA. 

Bmiir^xiattiv,  8w.  (v.  nnaa-ir:ira'boom). 
the  3rftar  ronnil.    Inflorescences  uniseiial.    On  trees,  especially 
^  IMfJi  and  Pi^onia  nuhcordata,    Comuou. — All  islaiida. 

Wm  idamliTOD  flaTena,  GriA. 

1  Apiil^une.    Batal  conipre«Bed,  green,  with  white  bands.    On  Pi- 
ftkordatay  rare.~6t.  Croix  (Stony  Ground). 

CAPRIFOLIACEf. 

Altirjted  otxtxr:  Sambueug  nigroj  L.  (Fl.  April-July),  and  Lonicera 
'i««,  L.  (t.  ilouey-suckle).] 

nrBiACEjE. 

n.lttijr.    In  ftjrt'KiM  oo  Tiigh  hilln,  rare, — St,  Thomas  (Crown);  St.  Jon 


Proit  black,  shining.    In  dry  thickets,  uncommon. 
'■  tiir  Plalu). 


i.r; 


I*. 


I" 


vi 


t'v 


TLORk   or  ST.   CaOIX   AND   TBE   TIBOIK   ISLANDS. 


61 


w 


Mg.     In  forefite,  rare. — St.  CroU  (Fair  Plaiu);  St 

ilOMBittini  venloolon  VahL 
Oct^Dcc.    PwlieelB  often  transroiiDed  into  8i>incs,  as  mcntiouod 
.  (Prodr.  iv,  484).  Leaves  2'"-3'"  long.— 8t  Ci-oix  (West  and  llyan 
Bxivu*);  SU  Tliomnjs  (rather  common  in  thickets);  Water  Xsluod. 

5  frutlcoMa,  L.     o)  nurt  3)  odorlfera,  Janq. 
I .Murch.    AJoiig  the  coast,  not  imconimon. — AU  islands. 

Clitooocc^  rae«mo«a,  Jiu-q. 
March-Dec.    In  forests,  coramon. — All  islands. 


Ixora  forrea,  Brntli. 

Fpb.-May  ulid  Xov.-T)ec.     Among  rocks  on  high  hills  over  1200', 
[VQCttoimoQ.-— St  Tliomns  (Crown). 


aiabloa.  L.  (r.  Cuffwtreo). 
May-July.    Berrj'  r\\wi  Nov.-Der.    Naturalized  in  Hhndy  localities. 
ly  ealUvate<l  on  most  estates  on  u  small  scale,  principally  in  St. 
-All  ulnndM. 

I  odoratiMima.  DC.  (v.  Willi  Coffee). 
JuKL    In  thieket.H  on  hi;^!i  liiHs.— St  Croix  (West  and  Benzon  in 
nam.);  Vir^rin  iHlaudH  (notimcommon). 

--1.—^.  -labrata,  fiw, 

.    llL^re  and  there  in  shady  valleys. — All  islands. 

Maj.    In  thickets  on  high  hills,  rare. — St  Thomas  (Crown,  IGOC). 

*Ttukts-Sei)t     In  woods,  common. — All  islands. 

>.>iot1ionra«a.  fiw. 
■ItMsy-Dec-    AJiiug  roads  and  in  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 


y*»rtt<,  DC.    a)  BUtl  fl)  vur.  rocea,  Kjxs;. 

Wk  and  Ang.    A)  corol!a-Iobes  I'osy,  anthers  bluish,  and  stem 
In  forests,  not  uncommon. — fi)  all  islands,    a)  St  Thotuas 

dUiibll'i.  V  I  '.     t'aiii  killer). 

-AniT.     I>'a\%.-^  ii.-M.tl  agaiu.st  headacho.     Naturalized  in  gai'- 
:  St.  Thomas. 


62  FLORA  QF  8T.   CBOIX  AHD  THB  TIBGOT  JSUJSXiB. 

405.  Gtoopbila  renifonni«,  Cham.  &.  Sobl. 

Fl.  Deo^Tan.  and  Ang.  On  the  ground  in  denae  woodSi  la 
Thomas  (Signal  Hill,  St.  Peter) ;  Vieques  (Hb.  Havn.). 

406.  Bmodeft  Utoralla,  Sw.  • 

Fl.  Dec^May.    Along  sandy  coasts,  not  imoommon« — ^All  islai 

407.  DlodU  riglda^Chom.  &  ScbL  (Llzmaia,  iii,  341). 
St.  Thomas  (Schl.). 

408.  D.  ■aznxentou,  Sv. 
St.  Thomas  (Schl.). 

409.  Spermaoooe  tennior,  Lam.  (t.  Iron-graas).    a)  and  ^)  angostUisUA, '. 
Fl.  all  the  year  round.    ^)  leaves  linear-lanceolate.    In  pastn 

along  roads.    Both  forms  common. — ^AU  islands. 

410.  Borrexla  ▼ertiolUata,  Hey. 

Fl.  Hay-Oct  Soffiniticose.  In  pastures  on  hills. — St  Cro 
Havn.)  J  St  Thomas  (not  uncommon  on  Crown). 

411.  B.  strlota,  Mey.  (Primit.  Fl  Esseqaib.  p.  83). 

Fl.  Dec.-March,  In  pastures,  here  and  there. — St  Croix  i 
Ground). 

{B.va^inatiZy  Ch.  &  Schl.  (St  Thomas,  Schl.),  is  a  donbtfol 
(DC.  Prod,  iv,  551).) 

412.  B.  parvlflora,  Mcy. 

Fl.  March-June.  Along  roads  and  in  forests. — St.  Croix  (Be 
lib.  Ilavn.)  J  St.  Jan  (Rustenberg,  not  uncommon). 

[Cultivated  species :  Ixora  Bandhum,  Roxb.  (v.  Burning  Lot 
J.  strictaj  Roxb.] 

SYNANTHEREJE. 

413.  Sparganophorus  ValUantU,  G. 

Fl.  March-Sept  In  moist  localities,  not  uncommon. — St  Cn 
Thomas  (DC.  Prod,  v,  12). 

414.  Vemonla  arboresoens,  Sw.  a)  Swartalana,  0)  Leaainglana,  y)  divarlc 
Fl.  May-Dec.  In  thickets,  all  three  forms  not  uncommon. — ^AU : 

415.  V.  panotata,  Sw. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    In  thickets,  common.-— All  islands. 

416.  V.  Thoma,  Beoth.  (Vid.  Medd.  fraNat.  For.  1852,  p.  66). 

FL  all  the  year  round.    In  thickets,  not  uncommon.— >St  Then 


FLORA.  OF   ST.   CROIX    AKD   THE    VIRGIN   ISLANDS. 


63 


IT  Wtphmrtoimi  mollis  Ktb. 

FL  llBrob-Haj.    Hvad  4-llowcrcd.    In  pastures,  here  and  there. — 


DIKuptm  •pio«tnai  Cm. 
l-lJaiL-March.     In  pfwtwee  and  aluiig  rocMls,  common. — All  islands. 

Afcnttim  conysolcUA,  L. 
FL  Dec-June.   Achotiium  usually  4-gonoas.  Along  roads  and  ditches, 
I.— All  wkiudii. 

Bi'tMcUaluin  maoropbyllum,  DC. 
Fl  JoM^-Sept.     AohL»ni»m  black,  S-gonous.     In  forestR. — St.  Croix 
))  Cttlciloma,  Wills  Bay) ;  St.  Thomas  (not  nacooiinon).  ' 

lom  odomtum,  L.(t.  ChristouMi-bush). 
PLKuT^Harcb.   Along  roads  and  in  thickets,  common. — All  islands, 

PLOer^uly.   On  hills,  not  common. — All  islands. 

K  atripUoUbUam.  TaUl  (Rvuib.  Bnt.  iii,  9G). 

FLDiv^51;iy.  ]ji*jivoj4  coniK^eouH,  glabrous;  glandular  impressionn 
a  on  the  uppcsr  surface.  Flower  o*lorous.  On  sandy  shores, 
,— All  ishiuda. 

K.caQe«oen»,  Vahl. 

nOct.-Nor.  Ju  tUiokets,  uncommon.  St.  Croix  (Spring-gut);  St- 
(UC.  Prod.  V,  155). 

K  Ayapana,  Vcui. 

?t  Cmit  (natundizcd  sec  Vahl,  who  received  it  from  Pflug;  probably 
I)  ruUivttU?d). 
JM^  AMMlkilSua,  Wtlhl. 
SLIlMinm  (I>0.  PnxL  v,  177). 

UkuiU  gonoolada,  DC. 
n.  ^        ^  ,rdi.     In   forefits.^^t.  Croix  (rare;    Caledonia) ;  Virgin 

'1^  L.-  ,.  .Liiconmion). 

^MlMaoetUMifoUua,  DO.  (Proil.  v,  26'^). 
PlOoo^oly. — lihixome  perennial,  for  which  reason  tliis  Bt)ocies  must 
'Mnidwtd  imfflciently  distinct  from  the  nnnntd  E.  Jamairenjtitt,  Bv,\ 
ipccies  are  nnit<Ml  into  one  by  Pi*of.  Grisobiu-h  in  hie*  Fl.  p.  3*55. 
on  high  hills,  not  uneouuuon  above  l^OC. — Virgin  Islands. 

&  ip«tllalAtuB,  Vnbl. 

•VAnnUdly.    Along  roads  and  ditcher,  ratbercommon.— ^Vll  islands. 


J-4  TLQRA,  OF  ST.    CBOIX  AND  THE  YIROIN  ISLANDS. 


yi.  -;tuit!->'ov.    Bay-flowers  often  ligalate.    Along  roadSy  oomn 

4di.  3Hac&ana  VrnfaUl,  DC.  (Prod,  t,  4U)  (B.  diakOj  Yahl). 

L*'l.  .til  Ui«  ytiiir  round.  As  much  as  30^  high.  On  rocky  seas! 
^.itf^ai'iouiS  uot  unoommon.  (The  specific  name  of  DO.  is  to  b< 
tii-i%«i  Eu  thac  ot*  Vahly  notwithstanding  the  priority  of  the  lattc 
'  ill:  i-tMbiutu^  stuted  in  the  Prodromus.) — St  Oroiz  (northwestern  co 

■kj;!^  PtndMA  odomta.  Caas.  (v.  Sweot  Soont,  Ovra  bla). 

l**t.  bob.-April.  Leaves  used  as  tea  against  colds  and  as  dit 
ucdicuie.    In  moist  localities,  not  uncomnion. — All  islands. 

■44:3;  W.  ptttpur— B«ni.  DC. 

1«'l.  all  tht*  year  round.  Along  rivulets,  not  uncommon. — St  < 
v.iiiUow9  Bay.  Kiugshill  Gut). 

^«^  Ftvracsttioa  Tizsatam,  DC. 
b't  atl  iht*  vtHir  round.    On  dry  hills,  common. — ^AU  islands. 

^44w  M«lMnpodiain  diTmrioatnm,  DC.  (Prod,  t,  520)  (M.  paludoaum,  Kth.). 

tX  Wt.-Feb.    Along  ditches,  gregarious,  rare. — St  Croix  (Jolly  1 

4^  Oi(t«ia  ruderaUs,  Grift. 
\  u-iu  Uslamls  (Oris.  Fl.  p.  360). 

43*    Ac«utbo«p«nua2tt  humile.  DC. 

Vl  all  ihc  your  round.    Leaves  not  glandular  beneath.    A  com 
«v\\l  ,»liniij  ixxuLs. — St.  Thomas. 

4Jt4L  XAutMum  xnacrocarpum,  DC.  (Prodr.  v,  533)  (X.  orieniahj  L.). 
VI.  vVl.-1'Vb.    A  common  weed,  natiu-alized  around  dwellings.- 

4^t^  r-UChtfutumHysterophoraa,  L.  (v.  Mule-wood,  White-hcad-broom). 
VI  aU  lUo  >  ear  ix>und.    A  very  common  weed  everywhere. — All  isla 

44xN  AwNoalA  artemisiee folio,  L.     /?)  trlnltensU. 
Kv.  5y'p;.  i  Vt.    Naturalized  in  waste  places. — St.  Croix  (Fredrikssi 

441    SkwuU  multEflora,  L.  (v.  Sn.ikc-flowor). 
VI.  VVK-  Aujj.    Along  roads,  not  uncommon. — Virgin  Islands. 

4«S.  B^  fltc«na^  *'<^^^- 
Vl.  Mj^'-iVt.    Xaturalized  in  gaitlens. — All  islands. 

«««.  BellpU  alba.  Hoask. 
Ft.  Juuc-f^b.    In  moist  localities,  not  uncommon.— All  islands. 


FLORA   OP  ST.   CBOIZ   AND  THE  VIRGIN  ISLANDS.  65 

444.  Borrichla  arboreaoeiu,  DC. 

FL  an  the  year  round.    On  sandy  shores,  gregarious. — St.  Croix  (com- 
mon); St  Thonsas  (Smith's  Bay). 

44S.  ^^adalia  cuhomi.  Rich. 

FL  Juue-Jan.    Along  ditches,  gregarious, — St.  Ci-oix  (western  part 
of  the  island,  not  uncommon). 

44€i  W.  IrapbthalmoideJi,  Oris.  (v.  Wild  Tobacco),    a),  0)  antigaensU,  XieholKj 
and  7)  dominioeiiaiflb 
FL  all  the  year  round.    Leaves  delicately  f^ngrant,    a)  rare;  ^)  and  r) 
common  along  roads  and  in  thickets. — ^All  islands. 

Ml.  W.  affinl^  DC.  (Prod.T,  541)  (m  calydnoy  Ricli.). 
8L  Thomas  (Wydler). 

Mft  W.  acapnlenala,  HB.  K. 

8t  Thomas  (SchL  in  Linmea,  1831,  727). 

(Grisebach,  Fl,  372,  thinks  these  two  sx>ecies  to  be  included  probably 
■  W,  fruteicens,  Jaeq.) 

Ml  W.  cradaiui,  Rich. 
Bt  Croix  (DC.  Prodr.  v,  542). 

Ml  W.  dlKoidea,  Leas.  (Linniea,  1831,  728). 

St.  Thomas  (Less.  L  c.). 

UL  Helanthan  deltoidaa,  Rich. 
8t  Thomas  (Less.). 

ttL  Boleroearpna  afiioanna,  Jacq.  (Icon.Rar.  i,  1. 176). 
FlNov.-Dec    Along  roads  and  in  tliickets,  rare.    (Naturalized!) — 
8t>  Thomas  (Parade  ground). 

ISIl  Kdana  lanoanUma,  W. 
FL  Sept.-Dec.    Under  trees,  on  high  hills. — St  Croix  (West,  p.  303) ; 
^vgia  iBlands  (common). 

M  B.  Uplnnataa,  L. 
^  Sept-March.    Acheninm  often  5-ari8tate.    In  pastures  and  along 
^tthe&,  common. — All  islands. 

^  Couoa  oandataa,  Kth. 
^  Dec-March.    Along  roads  and  in  fields,  not  uncommon. — All 

ihnda. 

«lT«bMluaIatii,L. 

VLh^Ang.    ITataralized  in  gardens.— St  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 
BalLKat  Hob.  Ka  13 5 


64 

430.  y 

ri. 

All  i- 

431. 
I'i 
g,v 

Ion 

tlM 

43 

lit) 
4: 

(< 

4 


•E:! 


;• 


FLOiU   OP  bT.   CUOIX   AND    TUE    VIRGIN    INLANDS. 


67 


AOil  M  no  spDcimciiH  nre  to  ha  found  in  nb.  Uavn.,  I  have  not  been  ablo 

[Coitirated  RpccioH:  Uelianthiut  annuus^  L.  (v.  Snnflowcr);  Pyrethrum 
Wmm,  Csisa;  Attter  vhtntuMiM^h.;  Ttttjcft'tt  patitlUy  L.;  Tithoma  apeciohOf 
IM.;  O^rgina  r«rw//(7i*,  Willil.,  and  Xrtofitoa  «a*irfl,  L.  (v.  Salad).] 

LOBELIACE.K. 

MB.  Ttotmna  loogiilora.  Pnl. 
R  all  the  year  round.    Tlie  whole  plant  is  poisonous.    In  shady  locali- 
pa8|.ur«'«  on  high   hilts.      St.  Croix   (i-an*,  Mount  Plfawant, 
■■■r.y  iN«,>/;  Virgui  IidondM  (j-uthcr  common  on  the  hill^t). 

GOOD£WOVlAC££« 

•q»VOU  Pluaai«rt  U 

Jan.-ApriL     On  sandy  shores. — St.  Crois  (not  uncommon) ;  St. 

(Smith's  Bay). 

nVBSIJVACEJE:. 

Ar£lsU  oorlAcea,  8  v. 
Fl  Jine-AniT.    licaves  minutely  Bpoltod  beneath.    In  forests  and  on 
ioIUf  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

laeqvtnU  armlUaria,  L.     u)  and  $)  arborea.  V.  (r.  nny  SalUo). 
Kl  8ept.-F»*b.     On  tho  ro4.'ky  nUorf,  not  uucominon. — AJI  iHlands, 

SAl*OTAC££. 

^  ChryvopbyUmn  Calziito,  U  (r.  Btar-npplo). 
H  May-nluly.    l>uit  e<iil)le.    Jn  forest*,  rare. — St.  Croix  (Springfield)  j 
ft.'nuwnEU(BiifualHill). 

^  C.  fonelfloruni,  ham. 
n.June.     In  iorests,  uncommon. — St.  Thomas  (Flag  Ilill). 

^  C  oUvflbnBS*  6vr.    0)  monopyreoam. 
^Jtt(y.    In  forests,  not  very  common. — St.  Croix  j  St  Thomas. 

^  C  mfcciophyUnm.  Juq.  (v.  Pnlm^r). 
fl  •Sept.-.Tan.    In  woodtMl  valleys,  rare. — St  Croix  (Bngby  TTole) ;  St. 
(^Aota  Mttria  Gtit). 

^*H  C  i&tbraa,  Jiirq. 

^  ^'^t.-Uec.  and  March-July.      In  woods  and  thickets,  common. — 


^•Bipoti  Achrmj.  UilU(T.MMp«1). 

:.  and  )Iiirrh.    Fruit  sweet,  edible.    In  Arrests  and  culti- 
i. — All  tjdandft. 


(58  FLORA   OP  8T.    CROTX    AND   THE    VIRGIN   ]SLA17X>S. 

473,  a  SlderozyloD,  GriB.(v.Ba]ly  ttocwJ). 

Kot  ficen  iu  ilox^'cx.    A  tall  tree,  a^fonliug  a  splendid  pnrplo 
hard  timber.    In  foredts,  rare* — St  Jon  (Uaas  Gut).  ^ 

479.  Blderoxylon  Maatlcbodendron.  3acq.  Ct.  Mastic).  ^^ 
FL  Ang.-t>oi»t.    -:Vii  excellent  timlxT  tree.    In  forctsts^  rare. — S^ 

(Lebiwou  Hill);    8t.  Thomas  (^urtlmiae  Buy);   St  Jmi  (] 
(MontseiTat,  Kyan  in  lib.  Havn.). 

480.  DiphoUa  sallclfoUa,  DC. 
F\.  FL'b.-Muit:h.    In  thickets  and  forests. — St,  Croix  (not  ni 

in  the  western  pait  of  the  island);  St^  Jan  {Klein  Caneel  Bay).] 

481.  Bumella  cnneata,  Rw.  (t.  BrfuUc-biU), 

Fl.  FeK-April.    Branches  often  tranBfonued  into  long  spin 
good  timber  tree.    Along  the  coast  princiimlly  in  marshy  Hoil^ 
tomuiou, — All  iKlninls. 


4 


462.  Luouxna  mnltiflora,  DC.  (Aehrtu  macrophj/lla,  Vnlil  in  Hb.  Ilnm.}. 

Fl.  June-July  arul  Dec.-Jan.    L<*uves  m  much  as  lA'  long. — St* 
(Hb.  Ilavn.  f^-om  Wills  Bay)  j  St.  Thomas  (here  and  there  i 
Signal  nm,  1500'). 

STTRACEf. 

483.  Symplocos  martiuioensiB.  Jiu-q. 

Fl.  :Mi\rch-Ang.    In  foi-ests  on  high  hillrt.    Flowers  fra( 
Thomas  (Signal  Ilill  above  1200',  not  uncomuiou). 

EBENACEJG» 

464.  Maccreigbtia  carlbaea,  A.  DC. 
Vieques  (Duchassaing  sec  Oris.  System.  Unters.  p.  01), 

fl^LEACE^. 

465.  Llnociera  oompaota,  R.  Br. 
Fl.  May-Oet.     In  forests,  nither  common. — St  Croix;  St, 

486.  Foroatian  pornloaa,  Polr.    a)  and  !i)  Jacqulnii,  EqS'  (Jacq.  Ic 
Fl.  Fob.  and  Sept.-Oct,    In  thieketa  near  the  coast,  uncoi 

St  Thomas  (CoweirH  HiH) ;  t*)  St  Croix  (northern  shore  near  CI 

JASmiVACE^. 

487.  Jaamlnum  pubeacena.  W.  (v.Star  Joaaombie). 
FL  all  the  year  round.     ^Taturalizod  in  gardens. — All  ialaJ 
[Cnltivnted  .tpecJe.H:  ./.  oj??c(;iafr,  L.;  .^  rrrolutum    T    ;\ 

saminc),  and  Sifctanthcs  iiktmOtiCj  L,  (v,  Double  Je«.- 


FLORA  OF  ST.   CBOIX  AND   THE  VIRGIN  ISLANDS.  69 

APOC¥!VACEiE. 

4S&  nvfrtUnatiUbUa,  Jasa.  (v.  Milk-bnsli). 

FL  all  the  year  roand.    Wood  employed  for  buildiiig  boats.    In  thick- 
ets <m  dry  liill%  commoiL — ^All  islands. 

m.  SnxwoUa  nltida,  L.  (t.  Milk-troe). 
R  an  the  year  round.    In  forests  and  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 

«9a  &Lemareka  A.  DC.  (t.  Bittcr-bnsU). 
FL  an  the  year  round.    On  dry  hills,  common. — AU  islands. 

49L  Vvlnm  Olaander,  L.  (t.  Noritun). 

FL  all  the  year  round.    Naturalized  in  gardens  and  near  dwellings. 
CommoiL— All  islands. 

491  Tkbanuainonf  n a  (dtrifolla,  Jacq.  f ). 
RJune-Aug.    In  thickets^  hero  and  there. — St.  Thomas  (French- 
MB^Bay). 

ttl  Tbioa  Rxwa,  L.  (v.  Church-flower). 
FL  aU  the  year  round.    Xear  houses  and  on  waste  places,  very  com- 
MXL-All  islands. 

M.  Plomlaila  mbra,  L.  (t.  Red  Fmnchiponi). 
R  all  the  year  round.    If  aturalized  near  dwellings. — All  islands. 

4M-  P.obtaaUbUa,  L.  (v.  Whito  Franchipani). 

R  all  the  year  round.    Naturalized  in  gardens.-— All  islands. 

^  P.aRM,  L.  (v.  Snake-root,  Klang  hoiifc). 
R  all  the  year  round.    On  rocks  near  the  shore  and  in  dry  thickets, 
BODiiDon.— All  islands. 

^>  BddtM  Assliitinate,  Jacq. 
FLJuIy-Aug.    In  thickets,  rare. — St.  Croix  (Cane  Bay) ;  St.  Thomas 
%fiiU). 

HlB.oiioiiiaiii^  Sw. 
FlDec    In  forests,  rare.— St.Thomas  (Flag  Hill), 

^  t  aviuidn.  Oris. 
^  Oct-Jan.     Here  and  there  in  thickets,  not  uncommon. — AU 

I    '^B.wbawwt^Jacq. 

^May-Aag.    In  thickets,  uncommon. — St.  Thomas  (Cowell's  nil!) ; 


70  FLOKA  OF  8T.   CBOIX  AND  THE  ymaVS  ISLAKDS. 

501.  E.  barbata,  Dobt. 

St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas  (DC.  Prodr.  viii,  463). 
[Cultivated  species :  AUamanda  catharHoa,  L.,  and  Tahemam 
eapensiSf  L.  (v.  Cape  Jessamine).] 

ASGIiEPIADACCS* 

502.  Metastelma  parviflonun,  B.  Br. 
St  Thomas  (Duchass). 

503.  M.  Schlechtendalll,  Decs.  (if.  albijtorumj  Qria.). 

F].  all  the  year  round.    In  dry  thickets,  very  common. — AD  la] 
(The  specific  distinction  of  Orisebach's  species  does  not  seen] 
sufficiently  permanent  to  justify  a  separation  into  two.) 

504.  Aaoleplaa  caraaaavlca,  L.  (y.  Wild  Ipecaonaaa). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Eoot  used  as  an  emetic    Along  roa 
ditches,  common. — ^All  islands. 

505.  A.  nivea,  L. 

St.  Thomas  (Oris.  FL  419), 

506.  Saroostemma  Bro^rnel,  Mey. 

St.  Thomas  (West,  p.  278,  as  Asclepias  viminaliSj  Sw.). 

507.  CalotroplB  procera,  R.  Br.  (v.  Silk  Cattlin). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Katuralized  in  dry  localities,  commoc 
islands. 

508.  Ibatia  mnrlcata,  GriR. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    In  dry  thickets,  common. — ^All  islands. 

509.  Flscheiia  scandens.  DC. 

Fl.  Aug.    In  forests,  rare.— St.  Croix  (Sprinff-gut). 
[Cultivated  siwcies;  ffo}fa  carnosa,  R.  Br.  (v.  Wax-flower)  an 
phanotis  Jforibunday  A.  Brongn.] 

co?rvoi.yui.AC£.i:. 

510.  Zpomsea  bona-noz.  L. 

Fl.  Oct.-May.    Natimilized  in  gardens. — St.  Croix  j  St.  Thomas 

511.  I.  Tuba,  Dou. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    On  shrubs  near  the  coast,  uncommon 
islands. 


FLOKA   OF  ST.   CROIX  AND  TH£   VIRGIN   ISLANDS.  71 

912.  Z.  tabMon,  L. 
\V\.  Fel).-MarclLi     In  foreBte^  rare. — St.  Croix  (Biig:by  Hole);   St. 
•). 

S13.  X  ffiAMOta,  PanH  (t,  Xofna  Viuu). 

FL  Nov.-Miiy.     CitrolUi-tub©  X'*^^^^  inside.    The  whole  plant  lias  a 
of  i>nw*ie  acid,  and  is  used  for  the  prrpanvtion  of  a  liquor  ciiilcd 
tyiiu.    Ou  fences  and  ulong  roads,  common. — All  iHlnnds. 

L4.  I  pvtttaphylla,  Jocq. 

FL  Otc-Marcli.    In  thickets  and  along  ditches. — St.  Croix  j    St. 

X.  qnlaqnefoUa,  Gris. 

FL  Dhi'.-,?i«i.    Corolla  cxpandotl  from  8  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M.    In  pastures 
low  thickets.  iM)mmon. — St.  TliomiiH. 

LBatataa,  Lam.  (v.  .Swt>rt  {'otatn).    u)^ /^  lenoorrbtMt,  and  }')porphyTOrhixa. 
FLftUche  year  round,     rropa-rate*!  by  cuttings.    A  common  vego- 
Cultivated  and  naturalized  everywhere. — All  islandn. 

I  CMdgUta,  Swt.     a). 

Fl  Oct.- Jan.    In  thickets,  not  uncommon. — St  Thomas. 

IttLLTioUoM.  L.<T.OnuiniVine). 

FL  Deo-Feb.    Coi-alla  exi>anded  towards  ovening.    In  forests  and 
tluui  ri%'ulet6,  not  uueommon.— All  islands. 

Hi  1  carD^,  Jsu-f\. 

SLCruix  (Wills  Bay  sec.  West,  p.  272). 

S3o  T  !«-,-,. kf-    T^(j   (Iroo.Riir.  ii,  1.311^). 

1  ! . .    CapBule  pUosc;  roots  tuberous.     On  dry  biUs,  not 
4t.  Jan  (near  Klein  Kanelbay). 

1  IfflDba*  !«.    a)  oAd  H)  BaBtachlana,  Jacq. 

SepL-.Man^b.    Corolla  expanded  till  10  A.  M.    Both  forms  in  m< 
tir»t.  nncommoti. — St  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

b«!ijita.  Mey. 
n.  iaa^Mim;li.    Along  rivulets  and  ditches,  common. — All  Islands. 

^  Im^pm,  «ir.  (».  nay  Vine). 

n.  -.v.  r,..-.  r .  ir  mand.    Corolla  sometimes  white.    On  sandy  sea- 
son.— All  hslauds. 


72  FLORA.   OF  ST.   CBOIX  AND  THB  TIBQIN  ISLAVDS. 

524.  L  asarifoUa,  R.  S. 

Danisk  islands  (Gris.  Fl.  p.  471). 

(As  this  species  is  a  native  of  Senegal,  I  doubt  the  coirectoess  of  ttie 
above  habitat) 

525.  I.  qainquepamta,  B.  a  (Ccmv.  ooai^oUua,  West  (non  Vahl)  aeo,  DC.  Ftodr.  1:^ 

367). 

St.  Croix  (West,  p.  271). 

526.  Z.  triquetra,  R.  S.  (Conv.  triqaeter^  Vahl,  Symb.  Bot.  MX,  32). 

St.  Ci-oix  (West,  p,  271);  St,  Tliomas  (SchL), 

527.  L  repanda,  Jacq. 

Fl.  Feb.-March.    Leaves  beteromorphous,  often  2-4-lobed.    Tubera 
•  large,  a  favourite  food  lor  wild  bogs.    In  forests,  uncommon. — St  Thomas 
(Flag  Hill);  St  Jan  (Macumbi). 

528.  L  fillfoxmis,  Jocq. 

Fl.  Oct-April  In  thickets,  often  near  tiie  shore,  not  nncommoBu  fit 
Croix;  St  Thomas. 

529.  I.  arenaria,  Stoud. 

Fl.  Dec-April.  Stem  woody,  as  much  as  }"  diam.  Boot  luge^ 
tuberous.  Flowering  partly  precocious.  On  dry  hills,  in  thickets,  not 
uncommon. — All  islands. 

530.  I.  QuamocUt,  L.  (v.  Sweet  William), 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Isear  dwellings  and  along  roads,  commone- 
st. Cix)ix;  St.  Thomas. 

531.  T.  coccinoa,  L.  (/.  hcderccfoVm,  L.). 

Fl.  Dec-March.    In  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 

532.  I.  Nil,  Rth.  (Bot.  Mag.  t.  188)  (v.  Moming-glnry). 

Fl.  Oet.-March,    Corolla  expanded  till  9  A.  M.    Along  ditches  and. 

near  (hvelliugs,  common. — All  islands. 

533.  I.  purpurea,  Lam. 

Fl.  0;;t.-Fcb.    Naturalized  in  gardens. — St  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

534.  I.  acuminata,  R.  8.  * 
Fl.  Nov.-March.    Corolla  crimson,  as  stated  in  S.^^ub.  Bot  iii,  2^ 

Near  rivulets,  on  trees,  rare. — St.  Croix  (Golden  Kock). 

535.  I.  tillacea,  Chois. 
St  Thomas  (Schl.). 


rLOBA  OF  ST.  CROIX   AND   THE  VIUOIN   ISLANDS. 


73 


fpM.  lacqaamoaUa  tamntfoUa,  Gris. 

^VL  DocL-J^eb.    Beedfi  glabrous,  greyisb.    In  thickote,  common. — All 

'  537.  CODTolmiluB  peotanthTiB,  Jacq,  (Jnc*jitemontia  violacm,  Cbois.). 
^^L  Aag.*Dcc    in  tbiukets^  on  liilln,  common. — All  islands. 

^BB-  Cl  j«BBaSo«a*U,  Javq. 

"FL  Dcc.-Fcb.  In  tklchctft,  on  the  sandy  soashon*,  rare. — St  Croix 
Point)?  SU  Thonww  (Cowell's)j  AVater  Island. 


C  oodlflanu.  Dor.  (C  ath^fionu,  West)  (v.  Claahi-uiilat). 
Oct-March.    Common  in  thickets. — All  islands. 

C.  mtUaovtictiu.  ScbL(Liiuiwa,  vl,  737). 
.Thomati  (Schl.). 

aaagfttUbr,  nB.Ktb. 

6tThonu)i»(Scbl.). 

BfOlmlus  llnlibUua,  L. 

SL  D«c^ApnL    In  moist  localities^  hero  and  there.— All  islands. 

S  mcroxiataa.  Sw. 
KL  Deo-ilurch.    In  marshy  soil,  not  uncommon. — AU  inlands. 

GL  snmmolatlait  L. 

FL  Sovw-ManJi.    Among  rocks  in  shady  localities,  not  uncommon. — 
[iMitUiulii. 

Hi  CttacQU  americaaB.  L.  (v.  LoTe-w«ed). 

im  year  round*     In  dry  thickets,  covering  shrubs  and  troM) 

-    tiem.     Very  conmion. — All  islands. 

;      <  1  f  menti<mH  two  species,  Conrolntlm  mattttiniu  and  C.TfTie- 

M  occurring  in  Bt  Croix,  and  refers  for  their  description  to  Vahl's 

BflL  pars  .1*,  as  Bpoe.  nov.    As,  however,  tlioy  are  not  described  in 

^ViV"        MicationA,  and  no  Hpeeintens  are  in  e.\istenee  in  Ub. 

.1  U*  to  aay  whether  tlioy  are  old  speeios  or  new  ones.) 

irateil  sjtecies:  /fonuro  Loarii,  AnnaL  Fl.  et  Tom.  1840,  p.  381, 

nVDBOLEACEiE. 

L. 

%&11S.  Among  stones  and  rocks,  a  common  weed. — St.  Croix ; 


72  FLORA.  OF   ST.   CROCC    iiSD  THE  VTHQIN   ISLAm>f 

BORAOIWACEf. 

647.  Cordia  Oerucazitbas,  Jacq.    /3)  suboaneaoeiu  (r.Bosfwoo(l,C«ppiis) 
KI.  Oct.     Au  excclleut  timber  ti*ce.     In  Ibreste,  not  very  oomJ 
Virgin  iHland. 


548.  a  alba.  B.  S.  (v.  Wluto  ManJoclc). 

FL  Harch-Scpt.    In  thickete  and  along  roads,  not  uu 
Crobc  {eastern  part  of  the  island). 


549.  C.  Sebaateua,  Jncq.    u)  {hot.  M&ff.  t.  794).      P)  nibra.  Egg.  (r.  Sculct 
Flujfte  buum). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    j3)  leaf- ribs  re<i;  cal^TC  scarlet  as  The  c 
Both  forma  conmion  iA.  forests  and  planted  near  dwellings. — All  if 


550.  C.  CoUooocoa.  U  (v.  Mm^ock). 
FL  Maifh-ApriL    Precocious, 


In  forests,  common. — All  lsUuk 


551.  C.  niUda,  VaUl. 

I'l.  Jau.-Fob.  and  Sept-Oct,    Flowers  slightly  odorous, 
not  uncommon. — AU  islands. 

552.  C.  laevigata,  Lam. 
8t  Thomas  (Schl.). 

553.  C.  Bulcata.DC. 

FL  June.     Leaves  up  to  IJ'  long.     In  forests,  not  common,^ 
Islands;  St.  Croix  (West,  p.  275). 

554.  C.  ulmifolia,  Jaaa.    o)  ovata,  0)  ovalla,  and  /)  lineata.  ' 
Fl.  May-Aug.   In  dry  thickets,  common. — u)  all  islands;  /9)  St,T 

(Lcdru);  ;-)  St.  Croix  (West). 


555.  C.  oyllndrlBtachya.  Spirngl 
A)  graveolens,  Kih. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.     Ou  dry  hills 

Croix ;  St.  Tbomafl. 


a)  portorlcenata.  Sprgl.      ^)  flortbuida 
AU  thx'ce  forms  coi 


556.  C.  maxtiiiloenaia.  R.  8. 
St.  Ci-oix  (Giiseb.  FL  p.  481). 

557.  C.  elobow,  Klh. 

FL  July-Sept.    In  thickets,  not  uuconmion. — St.  Croix  f  St.rfhi 

558.  Bearrerla  auocnlanta.  Jocq.  (v.  Jnniper).  I 

FL  June-Sept.    In  forests  and  thickets,  common. — AH  iijJaiid&. 

559.  Roobefortla  acanUiopbora.  Qrii. 

FL  Jum^Si-.|»L    In  Ihieiketa.— St.  Croix  (rar«,  Fuir  Ph 
Peak) ;  Virgin  Islands  (not  uncommon). 


FLORA    OP  ST.   CROIX   AND   THE   VxHOIK   ISLANDS.  75 

La  Bnnphalodeft,  I?.  Br.  (v.  ScA-lnvcnder). 

Rflll  the  year  txmiid.    On  Baudy  shores,  oommon. — All  islands. 

r.  Umitiaalm^  I^  (v.  CUchery  gTftpo)- 
n.  S^^ApriU     Along  roadn  and  in  thickets,  especially  on  lime* 
IOC,  ooottnoiL— All  ialanda. 

&.Cwix  (West,  ^  270). 

Im  T-  btcolor.  8w.    fi)  teevjgata,  Lam. 

n.  May-    Uerry  glol>oHe^  white.    Among  rocks  on  high  hills,  rare.— 
}6LHo(na»  (Crown,  1500'). 

StTlumia*  (DC), 

T.volii%dli%  L. 

PL  Mii^'-Aug.    Inflorescence  extra-axillary,  often  transformed  into  a 
JW,  frlolyo^e^  muricate,  given  monstrosity,  in  which  lives  the  lar\'a  of 
|jdii>hrroa«  insect,    Cuiuniou  in  thickets. — All  islands. 

bylla.  I>e«v. 

I't,    lu  the  same  1<K^Uities  as  the  furmer,  common. — All 


■tUotroplttm  Indlcum,  L. 
n.  nil  tfaf  year  rt»und.     Along  roads  and  in  waste  places,  common. — 

I  KB,  fi  pmriilomm.  I^  (r.  Eyc-bright). 
R.»U  tUc  ymr  round.    A  (H>uuuon  weed  erer^Tvliere. — All  islands. 

^'  &  o&nMavlcuBi,  1^ 
Fltli«  whiilo  yeAT.    On  the  sandy  seashore,  common. — All  islands. 

^  H.  frvtlccwaa.  L, 

^  -;ir  rtjnnd.     Up  to  (i' high.    On  dry  hills. — St.  Croix  (com- 

*  -,..-icni  part);  Vir;rin  Islands  (not  tmcommon). 

u«d  Fpeciea:  Jl.  pcrnrianttm,  L.  (v.  Heliotrope.)] 

POLEinOTVIACC.C. 

|C«l3rited  in  gurdena:  Phlox  I>ntmmf>vdn,  Hook.] 

SOLANACCE. 

^  BnniUaJA  miDcricaiia,  6w.     a)  uod  <i)  pubeacons  (v.  Rain-trpe). 

"  ^-Dtv,    VI       '-    ridorotw  befoiv  rain.     In  tliirkot.s  nnd  woods, 
^^^i   A'inrin  I  i<nlnvjite*l  in  gardens  In  »St.  Croix). 


76  FLOHA  OF  ST.   6bOIX  A3S[D  THE   TIBGIN  I8LAKD& 

572.  Datura  Metel,  L.  (v.  Fire-veod). 

FI.  all  the  year  round.   Flowers  noctomal.   Along  roads  and  in  waste 
places,  naturalized  everywhere. — ^All  ialands. 

573.  D.  faataosa,  L. 

FL  all  the  year  round.    Katuralized  in  gardens  and  near  dweiUings^'* 
All  islands. 

574.  D.  Tatnla,  L. 

FL  May-Dec.    Along  roads,  naturalized,  but  rare. — St.  Croix  (Hope). 

575.  D.  Btraxnonlixin,  L.  (t.  Fire-woed). 

FL  Sept-Feb.    Naturalized  in  waste  places,  common. — ^All  iHlnT><li|. 

576.  Nlootiana  Tabaonm,  L. 

Fl.  May-Xov.   Used  as  a  medicine,  but  not  for  smoking.   Xatnralized 
near  dwellings. — ^AU  islands. 

577.  PhjrsaUs  pamvlana,  L. 

FL  May-Xov.    In  fields,  uncommon. — St.  Thomas  (Rapoon), 

578.  F.  pubeaoeDS,  L. 

FL  March-May.    In  shady  yalleys,  uncommon. — St.  Croix  (Creqnis); 
St.  Thomas. 

579.  P.  Linklana,  Ns. 

FL  Dec.    In  cultivated  fields,  not  uucoramon. — St.  Thomas. 

580.  P.  aDgulata,  L. 

Fl.  Sept.-»Tiiii.    Stamens  of  unequal  lenffth ;  anthers  successively  de- 
hiscent.   Along  roads  aud  ditches,  common. — AH  ishnuls. 

531.  Capalcom  dnlce,  II»rt.  (DC.  Prodr.  xiii,  i,  •I'J'^)  (v.  Sweet  IVpiwr). 

Fl.  ]\Iarch-July.    Beny  obloug.    jS^utuiiilized  in  gardens. — St.  Croix; 
St.  Tlionias. 

582.  C.  fzntetcens,  L.  (v.  Binl  Pepper). 

FL  Aug.-I)ec.    Used  as  a  condiment.    Here  and  there  in  forests  and 
cultivated. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

583.  C.  baccatum,  L.  (v.  Small  Pepper). 

FL  Aug.-,Jau.    In  forests  and  near  dweUings,  not  uncommon. — ^Ali 

islands. 

584.  C.  annuum,  L.  (v.  Pepper). 

FL  all  the  year  roun<L    Fruit  universally  used  as  a  condiment-.    Cul- 
tivated aud  naturalized  everywhere. — All  islands. 


FJUOBA  OF  ST.   CBOXX  AND  THE  TIBOIN   ISLANDS.  77 

S85.  Iiyoopentonro  cenuiforme.  Dnn.  (Solan,  p.  113)  (v.  Small  Trovo). 

Fl.  May-Sept.  Berry  globose,  small,  yellow.  Kot  nucommon  near 
dwellings  (])erhax>8  oidy  uatuialized).  Used  as  a  vegetable. — St.  Croix ; 
8t.  Thomas. 

586^  la.  Mcvlentnm,  Mill.  (t.  Tomato,  Tmro). 

FL  an  the  year  round.  Berry  used  as  a  vegetable.  jCultivated  and 
naturalized  evei^'where. — All  islands. 

987.  Wolannm  aodlflomm,  Jacq.    a)  and  0)  oleracenm,  Dnn.  (t.  Lnml)n8h). 

FL  May-Dec.  Stem  often  prickly.  In  fields  and  in  waste  places,  com- 
mon.— ^All  islands. 

58S.  B.  veibsacllbliiuii,  L.  (y.  Tnrkey-1>erry). 

FLJnne-Oct.  In  waste  places,  not  uncommon. — Virgin  Islands;  St. 
Croix  (West,  p.  274). 

989.  B.  ncemosnm,  L.  (v.  Cankcr-beny). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Froterandrons.    In  waste  i)laces,  veiy  com- 
^All  islands. 


980.  &  <!:"•«■".  L.  (v.  Canker-berry). 

FL  all  the  year  round.    Habitat  of  the  preceding.    Very  common. — 
An  islands. 

991.  &  baliainenae,  L.  (5.  per«ocp/o7tif m,  Dan.) 

Fl.  Jan.-Ang.    Along  coasts,  not  uncommon. — ^Virgin  Islands. 

992.  S.  ImceifoUnin,  Jacii. 

Xot  seen  flowering.  Leaves  and  stem  verj-  prickly.  In  forests,  rare. — 
St  Jan  (King's  Hill,  lOOO'). 

993.  a  turrain,  8w.  (r.  Plate-bnHh). 

FI.  all  the  year  round.  A  shrub  or  small  tree.  In  forests  and  near 
dwellings,  common. — ^AU  islands. 

99ft.  8.  Inclnnzni,  Grin.,  var.  alblflonun,  F.ffg. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Corolla  white,  S"-l"  dinin.  Stigma  .*?-5- 
hranchwl,  stellate.  Berry  globose,  somewhat  depressed,  hirsute*  orjinjre- 
colonn»d,  1"  diam.  The  excrescent  calyx  prickly.  In  drj-  thickets,  not 
oncofflmon. — Virgin  Islands. 

999.  8.  ocmlwitlasliniiinf  Jacq. 

Fl  April-May.  Xaturalized  by  mules  irom  Montevideo. — St.  Croix 
(Fredttiksied). 

St  Croix  (West,  p.  275). 


78  FLORA.  OF  ST.   CBOIX  AHD  THS  YXBGIN  ISLANDS. 

997.  3.  polygamtmi,  Vahl  (v.  Kakkerlaklub-lteny). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    In  dry  thickets,  common. — ^Virgin  Islanda. 

(In  DO.  Prodr.  xiii,  i,  197,  it  is  stated  that  this  species  has  been  fomid 
in  St.  Croix  by  Wydler,  which,  however,  appears  doubtfnl  to  me.  West, 
p.  275,  only  gives  St  Jan  as  habitat,  yet  Yahl  in  his  Symb.  Bot.  iii,  39^ 
and  after  him  probably  Griseb.  Fl.  p.  443,  refer  to  West  as  the  oathority 
for  St.  Croix  as  habitat.) 

598.  Cestnxm  laurlfollum,  L'Hcr. 

FL  Jan.-ApriL  Petiole  black ;  beny  dark  pmple.  In  forests,  not 
uncommon. — All  islands. 

599.  C.  dlnnrain,  L. 

Fl.  Feb.-Juue.  In  forests,  uncommon. — ^Virgin  Islands;  St.  Cnnx 
(West,  p.  270). 

600.  C.  nootnmiim,  L. 

Fl.  March.    In  forests,  rare. — St  Jan  (Rogiers,  Joshee  Gut), 
[Cultivated  species:  Datura  suaveolens,  HBK.;  Petunia  nyctaQiniflorOy 
Jnss.,  and  P.  violacea^  Liudl.;  Solanum  Seaforthtanum,  Andr.,  8.  tubcro' 
sunif  L.  (v.  Irish  potato),  and  8,  Melongena,  L.  (v.  Egg-plant,  Beranger).] 

SCBOPHVI^ABIACE^. 

601.  Bcopaxia  dulcis,  L. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  A  common  weed  along  roads  and  in  moist 
localities. — All  islands. 

602.  Caprarta  biflora,  L.    a)  and  |3)  pllosa  (v.  Goat-wcccl). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Leaves  used  for  tea.  Both  forms  idong  roads, 
common,    a)  in  moist,  li)  iu  dry  localities. — ^All  islands. 

603.  Herpestis  atiicta,  Schrad. 
St.  Thouuis  (Benth.). 

604.  H.  chamsedryoides,  Kth. 

FL  Dec-March.  Pedicel  bearing  two  bracteolse  at  the  base.  The 
two  innermost  calyx-lobes  setaceous.     In  moist  localities,  rare. — St 

Croix  (Sjiring-gnt). 

605.  H.  Monniera,  Kth. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Along  rivulets  and  on  the  margins  of  lagoons, 
common. — All  islands. 

606.  VandelUa  diffusa,  L. 

St  Croix  (Uyan  in  Hb.  Havn.,  VahPs  Eclogue,  ii,  47)  (Montsenat, 
llyan  in  lib.  Ilam.,  ^^vulgan$^). 


FLORA   OF  ST.   CROIX   AND   THE   VIROI?!   ISLANDS. 


79 


ft 


(Cnltirat«l  iqieciea:   Maurandia  Barclat/ana,  Liiidl.  (v.  Fairy  Ivy), 
«na  XnuednJuHeca,  Zticc.  (v.  Mmleini  Plimt).] 


BIONOmiACE^. 


C07.  CrcvovtstlM  Cujeto,  L.  (v.  Calaluutb-troe). 

Fl  All  ilw  y«ar  runnd.    Leave**  dmdnoiis  in  Dec,    The  fi-uit.  is  used 
f»t  n»twK    Nvar  dwellings  and  in  forests,  common. — All  iwliitKls. 


^ 


cot  ■  ^*tlna,  L.  fv.  Black  Calutjiwh). 

FL   -      -    >ov.     Wood  iise<l  tor  l>oat-building.     In  dense  foreaU  near 
)fts  not  nnuomniou. — AIL  isluuds. 


1609.  Cttalpa  lonsitiUqaa,  CliAiu. 
^  Tlionubfi  (Oris.  FL  446). 
: 
but 


0.  Teooma  Berteril,  DC. 

VI  Mdrch-July.    Leaves  decidnoos  Feb.-ApriL     In  dry   thjcketn, 

minon. — Virgin  X>iland8. 


^nX  T  ICQGOjcyloo,  Man.  (r.  White  Ccdtu-}. 

^H  FL  March-AprHf  precocious,  and  later  coetauous  in  Sept.-Oct,    Wood 
^^■^  for  Imilding  lK»atH.    In  forests  and  on  dry  bills,  common. — All 

m  T.  tUoA.  J  UM.  (V.  Wlhiw  Cpfltir). 

n.  ttl)  tlie  year  roand.    Antbers  pilose  bencatb.    In  Uiiclwets,  corn- 
Ban}  ofteu  jn^garioOAf  enpccially  in  St.  Groix^ — All  ishiuds. 

CU  Blcaonia  eeqialoootJaU*,  L. 

PI- April-8ept,    Aiitliera  piloAC  or  frlnhrons  (henre  VabVs  distinction 

'   -int  betvecn  bis  B,  spcctabilh  (Symb.  Dot  iii,  p.  80)  and  tlii* 

-ilifled).     Here  and  Ibore  in  innrsby  furewts. — St.  Tboinas 

iudde  Bay,  Sta,  Maria);  St  Croix  (Salomon's  estate,  West,  p.  2W), 

(14  B.  lUicniB,  L.  (t.  Cat-claw). 

n.  April-Mny,  p^<H•o<^c»ns,  later  flpiUi  coiManons  in  Kov.  Stem  Ij" 
■&>M^  *liu«rinj;  tbt«  invpnlar  stnieturo  peculiar  to  nil  cliiiibinfr  lilffttrmi- 
****•  Fruit  ai3  nmcb  us  20"  long 
iftlmtU. 


In  foreftts,  not  uucouuuon. — All 


•IS  DittlclU  UctiOon.  DC.  (Prodr.  ix,  191)  {Itiffnonia,  Vahl). 

Fl.  aU  the  year  rontnl.    On  fences  and  in  dry  tbiekets,  berti  and 
fli«»._>if    rntix  (Cotton  Grove,  Soutbgate  Farm)  (cultivated  in  St. 


|CUUv«ted  ii]>«cie§:  Twoma  captmsifj  Luidl. 


80  FLORA  OF  ST.   CBOIX  AND  THE  TIBOIN  ISLANDS. 

ACANTHACEiE. 

616.  Rnellta  tuberosa,  L.  (v.  Christmi»-prido). 

Fl.  all  the  year  ronnd ;  most  abandantly  towards  Christmas.  Along 
roads  and  ditches,  coinmou. — All  islands. 

617.  R.  strepena,  L. 

St.  Croix  (Isert  sec.  DC.  Prodr.  xi,  121). 

618.  Btemonaoanthos  cocclnena,  Gris. 

FL  Jan.-April.  Cleistogamons  flowers  in  July ;  also  an  intermediate 
form  between  cloistogamous  and  normal  flowers.  In  shady  forests, 
rare. — St.  Croix  (Caledonia,  "Wills  Bay);  St.  Jan  (Bordeaux  Hills);  St 
Thomas  (WydL  nee.  DC.  Prodr.  xi,  217). 

619.  Blechnnm  Broinrnel*  Jusb.  (t.  Penguin  Balsam). 

Fl.  Dec-April.  Used  against  cough.  In  pastures  and  along  ditches, 
common. — ^AU  islands. 

620.  Barloria  lupnllna,  Lindl.  (Bot.  Keg.  t.  1483). 

Fl.  Dcc.-April.  ^Naturalized  near  dwellings  and  in  gardens.— St. 
Thomas;  St.  Jan. 

621.  Thyrsacanthoa  ultldaa,  Xs. 

St.  Croix  (v.  liohr  sec.  Symb.  Bot.  ii,  5,  and  Isert  sec.  DC.  Prodr.  xi, 

327);  St.  Thomas  (Xees). 

622.  Dianthera  pectoralis,  Miirr.  (v.  Ganlcn  Balsnni). 

FL  Dec.-]Murfh.  Used  against  coughs.  Ifatnralized  near  dwellings 
and  in  gardens. — All  islands. 

6'?3.  D.  seasills,  OriM.  (JiifitUia  paudfiora^  Yulil  in  Eclog.  Am.  i,  3). 

Fl.  June- July.  Flowers  often  cleistogaiiious.  Khizome  perenniaL 
In  thickets,  here  and  there.— St.  Ci^oix  (Salt  Kiver);  St.  Thomas. 

624.  JuBticia  carthagenenaia,  J:)rr|. 

FL  Dec.-Miueh.    Along  ditches  and  in  forests. — All  islands. 

625.  J.  reflezlfiora,  Ric-li.  (ValiVfi  Ennm.  Pl.tut,  i,  ir>7),  var.  glandnlOM,  Egg. 

Fl.  all  the  year  roinid.  Bracts  densely  glanduliferous.  Seeds  glo- 
bose, brown,  ri-ocunibeut  among  biLshea. — St.  Croix  (rare,  Fair  Plain); 
St.  Thomas;  Buck  Island  (not  uucommon). 

626.  J.  perlploceefoUa,  Jacq. 
St.  Thonms  (SchL). 

fAl,  Beloperone  nemonMa,  Xooa. 

Y\,  Jan.-Maich.  Calyx  one-sixth  of  the  length  of  the  cotolla.  In 
forests,  rare.— St.  Croix  (Caledonia,  Ham's  Bluff  Valley). 


FLOBJl   OF  AT.    CBOI£   AND   THE   VIBOIN   ISLANDS. 


81 


CM  ftiMModra  iafimdJbullfonnlfl,  No^a. 
FLMarcb-Jiuie.    Natui-nlizeil  in  gnnleug. — St.  Cniix. 

£29.  SuauicSiium  rapeatre.  \s.  (DC.  Prmlr.  xi,  3)Q)  (Ruelliat,  Sw.  Ft.  lud.  OtfO. 
I'  I'TI  ;  I'liim.  Iton.  cd.  Dmra,  t.  75,  u»  Gerardia).     a)  ^labivjuii,  /3)  pUow. 

Ft  !>w.-Mfty,  c1elst4)^iTiuin8.    Nonnal  flowers  JnnivAng.    Corolla 
uM  till  9  A.  M.    Kbi/x>me  jwrennial;  root^  fti-sifomi,  tnl>oi*on», 
iw  on  Ibo  g^otind  iu  forested  rare, — a)  8t.  Tborutiai  (Flag:  Hill, 
;  fl)  8L  Juu  (Diui8Gut). 


AttthaouxthaB  ■pfnoanst  Noes. 

VI  aU  the  year  roiiiMl.    Flowers  hctexostylons.    On  rocks  and  in  for* 
ta»  njcuman,  M[»e<naU>  in  St.  Croix. — All  ittlands. 

IX.  ▲.  JiMinnftBU,  Gris. 

KL JaAo--.f tUy.    CoroUalobos glaudtihir inside.    On  limestone, rare. — 
Omix.  in  *tti>ny  ^»»nd. 

A.  nlcrophyUn*,  Na. 

FL  3fay-Aag.    In  tbrest«,  here  and  tliere.— All  Islnnda. 

[doUp^era  adatuB^na,  Jiim. 

.lAn.-F*?l>.,  vlfistoffnmoiifl ;    nonnol,   Mar<:b-A|M'il.     In   tUit-UvU 
unu  iliU:Les. — St,  Croix  (coninion);  8t.  Jan  (IcNWCwnnion). 

Tkaabarvta  TohiMlla,  Vitn. 
PI  aU  the  yeur  rwiivd.    Nutni-alizod  ulonic  ditches  and  rivu]et8.^9t. 
nm^  Mt.  St<>wart);  St.  Thomiw  (Tntn). 
il   sjK"4Mpj»:    Orttptophyilum  hortensCj  N'e«^s,  Juiiticia  Ifieohr^ 
Tkmmhrr^a  alata^  lJ*U-»  Th.J'rttgratt^ty  Koxli.,  and  l^HtimujH  oriat- 
i«tff,  L.(r.  Bcny*?).] 

GCSTCBIACEf. 
•1&  M4nrala  dfaxidia.  '•U'X,  (v.  C<K:k»i 
—       n.  Si-pt^Dco-      Thn-i^   mdiinf-ntjirj-   niamentaj   l'-3'  hijrh.     Alonft] 
^btud*  aimI  m  waate  pUieeA,  nut  uncommon. — St-  Croix ;  8t,  Thomas. 

V  LABIATE. 


II '  [  t  if  i  cd 


I« 


FL  May- AtijBT. 
0, 


Xaiu!idi2<^  in  ganlemi.^ — All  islands. 

Hided  during  the  nioniin^.     I'si-d  apiinsi 


u 


piisturf^ft,  gre;:arii»u-s.— All  i&buid*. 


ii-it.  T^  iv,  TmH  India  Thftoe). 

niiized    in    dry    localities,  {rn-ff-arionfl.  —  AU 


UuO.  XnL  Mna.  No.  13 6 


82  FLORA  OF  AT.  CBODC  AND  THE  VIBOIN  ISLAHDS. 

639.  Hyptls  capitate,  Jacq.  (t.  Wild  Hops). 

Fl.  Nov.-Marcli.    Along  rivulets^  common. — St  Gioix;  St  Thoii 

640.  H.  vuaveolena,  Foit. 

Fl.  Oct.-Feb.  3'-4'  high.  In  dry  localities,  common. — St.  Gioi: 
Thomas. 

641.  H.  pootlnata,  Poit  (v.  French  Tea). 

Fl.  Xov.-April.  As  much  as  8'  high.  In  dry  localities^  not  w 
mon. — ^All  islands. 

642.  H.  -rertlcmata,  Jacq. 

St.  Thomas  (Oris.  FL  p.  480). 

643.  Salvia  oooldsntalls,  87. 

Fl.  Dec.-March.    Bhizome  thick.   Along  roads,  common* — ^AIl  is! 

644.  8.  teneUa,  Sw. 

St.  Thomas  (Oris.  FL  p.  490;  Schl.). 

643.  S.  aerotina,  L. 

Fl.  Sept.-ApriL  Leaves  very  bitter.  Corolla  white.  In  dry  1 
ties,  gregariouSy  common. — ^All  islands. 

646.  S.  coccinea.  L.    a)  and  (i)  ciliata,  Benth. 

FL  all  the  year  roand.  Along  ditches  and  roads,  common.- 
Islands. 

647.  Xieonorua  aibiricas,  L. 

FL  all  the  year  round.    Corolla  sometimes  white.    A  common 
in  iields  and  along  roads. — All  islands. 

648.  Leucaa  martlnlcenala,  R.  Dr. 

FL  March-Kov.    A  weed,  common  in  gardens  and  along  roads. 

Croix- 

649.  Leonotia  nepetsefolia,  R.  Br.  (v.  Hollow  Stock). 

FL  all  tlie  year  round.  Corolla  sometimes  white.  Gregarious,  a 
common  weed  everj'wliere. — All  islands. 

650.  Mentha  aqaatica,  L.  (v.  Mint). 

Xot  seen  flowering,  Natundized  along  ri\'ulets,  gregarious.- 
Croix  (Caledonia). 

[Cultivated  species:  Rosmarinus  officinalis^  L.  (v. Rosemary),  W| 
rnlf/aris,  L.  (v.  Thyme),  and  Origanum  Majoranay  L.  (r.  Sweet  Maijo 
Tea).] 


FIjOCU   of  dT.    CROIX   AND   THE    VIRGIN   ISLANDS.  83 

VEBBEIVACEjE. 

Ml.  Fxivm  •chlnata,  Juw. 

teAll  the  yvAT  round.    Corolla  expanded  till  10  A.  M.    A  common 
lUon^  rouda  and  iu  gardens. — AJl  islands. 

Ib^SX  BoDCbea  Chrttobersil,  CIibiu. 

^B  FL  Doc-May.    (jrcgaiioiia  along  roiidd  and  iu  dry  localities  com- 

Hkhu— St  Croix  ;  8t.  Tboimuii. 

J39.  ttteolqrf'pba  iam^censls,  V.  (t.  Vervain). 

V\,  oU  Ibc  year  round.  Flower  osi>an<le<l  till  noon.  Pollen  3-4- 
ird,  Mellntc.  Leaves  used  apiinst  fever.  Very  common  along 
and  ditches. — All  inlands. 

a  stzieoM.  Valii. 
TUoma«  (Elironb.  seo.  DC.  PnHlr,  xi,  504;  Gris.  Fl.  p.  404). 

MS.  Llpptft  Md&flon.  RleXt. 

fl  til  tbo  year  round.    Gregarions  in  moist  localities,  not  uncom- 
mwL—Sv  Croix  (La  Beine,  Fair  Plain). 

€Aft.  Xiftiiuua  C«Darai,  L.  (t.  &igtO* 
Fl  all  ii»c  yt'jur  round.    Berry  considered  to  be  poisonous.    On  dvy 
>ni«,  very  common. — All  islands. 

tor  L.  polyacBnlba.  StUuinr  (IKJ.Prodr.  xi,ffl7)  (/,.  ncahridn,  Ait.)- 

FL  *U  Ihe  year  round.    In  dry  loadities,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix 
^<aLG«ffge);  St  Tbomas  (Solberg). 

L  tirrolacrata.  U 

tU  the  year  round.    Corolla  and  berry  violet.    In  thickets,  com- 
»a^  wpe<iAlIy  on  limcstont^. — All  iMlunds. 

•W  L  rvtlcttUca.  Per*. 
R  lUl  iho  y  e«.r  round.    On  limestone,  rare* — 8t>  Croix,  in  stony  ground 

Ho.  CUh«r«JtTliu&  qoadrimeaUrA,  jAcq.  (v.  Fii1<ll<inn<Hl,  SawiniiA). 
n.j«]j-8e|»t.    In  forests,  not  nncommoD. — St.  Croix;  St  Thomas. 

O'SlacrMtt.  U  fv.  HuwinnA). 

'/nly-IVr.    Lnkven  of  both  these  species  bet'oming  red  in  Feb,,  and 

)ittx  (iff  at  tho  unnse  time  that  the  new  ones  make  their  appear- 

Uii  yonng  nidivaJ  shootjs  the  leaves  arc  linear  and  deeply  scrrut^). 

»t  less,  even  for  firewood.     In  dry  thickets  and  for- 

4,  :..,.■.  ^ii^gariou9. — All  islands. 


84  FLOBA  OF  8T.  CBOIX  AKD  THE   TIBaiN  XSIJUTDB^ 

662.  C.  TiUosum,  Jacq.  (Icon.  Yar.  1. 118). 

St.  Tliomas  (3clilecht.,  Bertero,  Duchass.  sec  Oris.  Syst.  Uiit). 

663.  Dnranta  Flnmierl,  Jocq. 

Fl.  May-Dec    Along  roads  and  in  thickets,  common. — ^All  islanda. 

664.  CalUoarpa  retionlata,  Sv. 
St.  Croix  (West,  p.  269). 

665.  2lglpliila  marttnioenaia,  Jacq. 

Fl.  Aug.-Jan.  Flowers  often  heterostyloos.  In  forests,  common. — 
St.  Croix. 

666.  Clerodendzon  aonleatiim,  L.  (v.  Chnc-Kjlino). 

F].  all  the  year  round.  Common  on  dry  hills  and  in  marshy  soiL— 
All  islands. 

667.  C.  fragrana,  W. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Long  creeping  rhizome.  Gregarious  on  high 
hills  in  shady  places,  naturalized. — St.  Thomas  (Dorothea,  Liliendal). 

668.  Petitla  domingensia,  Jaoq.    a). 

Fl.  May-Sept.  Leaves  often  temate.  Drupe  commonly  4-localate. 
A  tree  up  to  5(K  high.  In  forests,  not  uncommon. — St^  Crois  (Caledo- 
nia, Punch,  Wills  Bay). 

669.  Vitex  cUvaricata.  Sw. 

Fl.  May-July.  Filaments  glandular-pilose.  A  low  tree,  here  and 
there  in  forests. — St.  Croix  (Caledonia,  "Wills Bay);  St.  Thomas  (Crown); 
St.  Jan  (Cinnamon  Bay). 

670.  Avicennia  nltida,  Jacq. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Upi>or  surface  of  leaves  always  covered  with 
wtnall  salt  <'rystals.  Along  the  seashore  and  lagoons,  common. — All 
islands. 

671.  A.  tomentosa,  Jacq. 

St.  Croix  (West,  p.  200) ;  St.  Thomas  (Schl.). 

[Cultivated  8i>ei*ie.s:  Verbena  ehamccdrifolm,  Jus8.,  in  several  varie- 
ties, Petro'a  rolubiliH^  Jac*).  (v.  \Vroath-plant),  Aloyaia  citriodora,  Ortega 
(V.  I^nion-scented  Verbena),  Vifex  Aynus-castuSj  L.  (v.  Wild  Black  Pep- 
per), and  HohnnkjoMia  ttanyuinea^  Retz.] 

nYepeBACE.£. 

672.  Bontia  daphnoldeH,  L.  (v.  White  Ailing). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  On  sandy  shores.-^t.  Croix  (rare,  Tamei's 
Qole) ;  Vir^u  Islands  (not  uncommon). 


njOHL  OF  ST.   CHOIX   AKD    THE    VIEOIN    I8LAJ1>8.  85 

FUntago  mftjor,  L.    p)  troptoa  (v.  Eu^^liah  Pluntaln), 
JaD^Mim:U.    Pruterogj'uous.    Leuvea  u«ed  agaiu8t  iiifluiDUiatiou 
the  eyes. 

PLUnBAGIIVACE.C:. 

^%.  Plombago  acazidena,  lliuub,  (v.  UliMter-lfoO^ 

FL  oU  tho  year  round.    Leaves  used  as  blisters.    In  tbickets  and 

K^ratBi  cfinuDotu — ^AU  UlondH. 
(CoUiTateil  specieis:  P.  capenttH,  TljunKJ 
PHTTOLACCACEJE. 

Fl.  Junii-l>cc    Htnmens  mostly  10.    FilamentH  pilose.    On   sandy 
ftborau  Dot  tuicommou. — All  itUauds. 

VH.  McroUa  dsbUla.  Sw. 

Fl  Jttly-8epC  In  sliady  [daces,  rare. — St.  Croix  (Spring  Garden, 
WOb  »iy). 

<77  WMam  IsbtU,  I..  (7.  Snnke-liaiih,  Stark  mabart).     a]  and  /})  pabeaceiu. 

yi  »n  the  year  ronnd.  A  commou  weeil  oterywUei-e,  both  forms. — 
AU  WmidH. 

Fl  >rli.-Aug.  J\MUc<il  and  calyx  becoming  reddish-brown  as  well 
M  i}a  fruit.  Stamens  in  two  whorls,  mostly  li!.  In  tliickots  and 
^'>*«t*,  common. — All  inlands. 

*^  NtlrAdA  alUaoaa,  L.  (v.  Gully-root). 
yi  liW  ilm  your  round.    A  verj*  common   weed  everywhere. — All 

CU£  IVOPODIACE.K. 

M  CbMopodlom  ambrosloides,  L. 

^  kiudL  In  wa8t»  (»liH'ert  ami  on  walls^  bore  and  there. — St  Croix 
f^Wrik«t*<l)  J  SU  J«u  (Cmz  Bay). 

I    n.  Jaii^Uiby.    On   walls,  uncommon,  ntthir.ilized. — St.  Croix;  St. 

••l  OUqm  ertoUta^  M.h|.  (DC.  rr«dr.  xHI,  il,  p.  110). 

'     '  On  &nnd\  shurew,  uncommon. — St,'nioma»(' 

M.Cn>U  (JJidil,). 


86  FLOBi.  OF   BT.   CKOIX   AND  THE  VIBGIN  ISLANDS. 


683.  BoaHlnganlUa  baseUoiaaB,  Kth.  (Hot.  Mag.  t. 
Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Katuralized  in  gardens  and  cnltivated. — &t 

Croix;  StXliouaA. 

684.  Batls  marltima,  L. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    GregariouB  along  the  coast  of  lagoons,  com- 
mon.— St. Croix;  St. Thomas. 
[Cultivated  8i>ecies :  Beta  vuJgarU^  L.  (v.  Red  Beet).] 

685.  Celoala  argentaa,  L.  (C  margaritaceay  L.). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Katuralized  around  dwellings.*— ^t.  Thomas ; 
St.  Croix  (West,  p.  277). 

686.  C.  nitlda,  Yolil. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    In  forests  and  thickets,  not  uncommon. — St. 
Croix;  St. Thomas. 

687.  Chamiuoa  altlMima.  Kth. 

Fl.  Dec-March.    In  forests,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (Lebanon 
Hill) ;  St  Thomas  (Signal  Hill). 

688.  Aobyranthes  aapera,  L.    a)  argentea.  Lam.    ./3)  obtaailbUa,  Lam. 

Fl.  Dec-March.    In  thickets  and  on  Maste  places,  common. — All 

islands. 

689.  Oomphrena  globoaa,  L.  (v.  Bacholor'M  Button). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Naturalized  in  gardens  and  near  dwellings. — 
All  islands. 

690.  Iresine  elatior,  Rich. 

Fl.  Sept.-Mairh.    Uppermost  leaves  always  alternate.    In  thickets, 
(.'oiinnon. — All  islands. 

691.  Phlloxerua  vermtculatua,  R.  JJr.  (v.  B:iy-fl«Tvor). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Along  the  coast,  very  common,  gregarious. — 
All  islands. 

692.  Alternanthera  pclygoDoldea,  R.  Br.    c). 

Fl.  all  lh(».  year  round.    In  sandy  places,  common. — All  islands. 

693.  A.  ficoldea,  U.  Br. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.     In  moist  localities,  nncoiumon. — St.  Thomas 
{Ilaulover), 

694.  A.  Achyrantha,  R.  Br. 

l''l.  ^March-Ajig.    Among  rocks  and  stones,  here  and  there, — St.  CioiX| 
St.  Thomas  (Schl.). 


FtiOSA    OF  ST.    CROIX    AND   THE   VIRGIN    ISLAKDa 


87 


^^5.  AtnMocype  poljrgooold««.  KAf. 

^■Tt  nil  tb«*  your  round:  ^  tlowers  X'erj'  few.    In  fttindy  plucctt  near 

fr— 


FL  All  the  ye:u-  round.    I^euves  often  discoloured  with  white  cross- 
In  haudy  liKiUities,  eomuion. — All  inlauds. 


FL  &11  Uui  yvar  rouud.    In  wu«te  i>Iuces,  eoinniou. — All  islands. 

B.  oHmmoBnm,  Mch).  (v.  LunilHi). 
FL  all  the  year  round,    ^cur  dwclliugn,  common. — All  iblundK. 

M.  AmaraDtua  splnoaus,  L. 
FL  Jan.- April.    Nrar  riMilet^  and  ditcbeii,  uiH^mmon. — St.  Cn>isf 

A.tri«di^  L. 
St.  Thumait  {Wydler  sec.  DC.  Prodr.  xiii,  ii,  260). 

TOl.  A.  pwiioolatvik  L.  (t.  Bovcr). 

PL  all  Uie  yeAT  round.    A  trouhloRome  weed  on  account  of  its  long 
i|»-w»oL    Coaimou  everywhere.— All  iHlunda. 

JVVCTAOINACE^E. 

^0*3    MlrabOl*  JaUp*,  L.  (V.  Foiir-o'cliK'k). 

n.  kW  Uw  jwir  round.   Flower  expanded  fVom  4  P.  M.,  pui-plo,  yellow, 
ur  |tuik.    Aroand  dwelliuf^H,  common. — All  islands. 

lot.  Boirlua¥(«  erocta,  L. 

FU  Drf--FeU     Along  diteliert  and  in  jjustnres,  uucoinmou. — St.  Croix 
(Ml.  Slrwart). 

101  B.pttrtmilata.  Rich.  fv.  Batta-bnttu). 

1!  U»  year  ronnd.    Calyx  often  tmnftformed  into  a  hollow  mou- 
-iiwstv  by  tlu*  !rtr\'a  i»f  a  wanp.    A  verj'  common  weed, — AH  JHland-s. 

''OS  Plaonia  aenjeatft.  L. 

>lFt4».-.Viiril.     In  fon^AtJS, common. — St  Croix;  St.  ThomaH. 

lot  P  aabootdaba,  tiw.  (r.  MarupdOf  Lublnlly). 

-lutiQi    Leaves  jiartly  dt^ciduous.    \Vo(mI  uaeless  for  tiuiber 
- "  i     Alonjf  coMtH,  4!ommonf  growing  to  a  large  tree. — AH  i«landK. 

^  '  .    Tieavejion  the  young  branrhe>*  wborleiL    In  forests, 

Ilk 
•'iiMMii  -jMTii'ji:  Bougainvitlea  itpcciabiitHf  WiHd.J 


86 

683.  B( 

Croix ; 

684.  r 

Fl. 
moil. 


683 

1 
St. 

68 

('! 

G 


OF   BT    CROIX  AND  THE   VIBQIK   ISLANDS. 


89 


noib*  ■ntniBna.  U«i>«a.  (PC.  Prodr.  xr,  i,  p.  31).    y)  onbenaia. 
Crmx  (WeAt  in  Hli.  Petrop.  sec.  DC.  I.  c). 
^Fk,  manlnntSy  Ori.-*!.,  wiiil  by  Meiniftn.  (DC.  I'lvxlr.  1,  c.  p.  23(5)  to  be 
(til  Ij^uriui  lonffi/olitu  VuliU  mentioned  by  West,  \t.  22,  ns 
roni  St.  Cniix,  oiitfbt  porhaiis  to  bo  addctl  to  this  list ;  but 
tlu>  HpKimen-H  neeii  l^zne  in  Ob.  Uavu.  ii8  Laurtut  Uingi/oliay  XaWf 
not  agn-e  wiUi  Gri^ebtich'H,  I  prefer  t4>oinit  tlie  ^iMMnen  here,  an  being 
.) 

7IA.  rww  tiMllii' OucTtiu  (V.  AUigutur  Pnir). 

|i       FLUvch-Mny.    HtauicnH,  1>  porfiMt,  3  less  perfect  and  sterile,  C  rudi- 
LacBUry.    The  fruit  is  a  favourite  vegetable,    lu  gardens. — All  islands* 


Hnfelmodla  pendola.  Nn.  (B.  Thommi^  Neo«). 
StTbotnaft  («ec.  DC.  Prodr.  I.  c.  p,  Co,  Hb.  Knnth!). 


no.  Aofodtnlirttum  uOiclfoUam,  QrhL 

Fl  >lay*Aag.    In  forests,  hero  and  there. — St.  Croix  (WUls  Bay, 
Spring  gut). 

ytt  Vtotaadn  cotUcas,  Grin. 

FLibv-Aug.    In  fon^ta,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Soldier  Bay)j  StJnn 
(UI».U«vn.). 

ni  V.  nwi&bnaaoea.  Orii. 

FL  Jrnic    III  donse  forests,  ancoinmou. — St. Croix  (Wills Bay);  St. 
Tknttw  (Signal  ilUl). 

^  v.  ULtJIlaaa,  Mri«m.  (DC.  Prodr.  U  o.  153)  (JV'.  leucantha,  GrU.). 
VDtiy-Juue.    In  rore«t«,  not  uncommon.    Fi*a^;u]t. — All  islands. 

^  Oraodapluv  leoooaEyloo,  Neea. 

Fl-  'luty.  In  denjw  fon-ntM  on  hifjh  hills,  uncommon. — St.  Thomajj 
fipal  HiU)  (Moutaerrat,  Ityan  in  Ub.  llavu.). 

^^  CMgyta  AaMHoftiu.  L. 

HH»pch-AprH.  lnfli»re»eeDce  often  branched.  On  Manchineel  and 
^^^ttfe»  idriitg  the  seaahore,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (Cotton 
**»«*)(  SUTlmmius  (Water  Hay);  Viequca  (Hb.  Uavu.). 

THTnEL^ACE^. 

^H  I>4phoop«ta  c«xlb«a,  Grin. 
'    '  '         '   T'       "Tarrh.     In  inivstH,  not  uncommon. — 8t-  Thomas 


90  FLORA   OF  ST.   CROIX   AND  THE  VIROIN  ISLANDS 

ErraOBBIACEiB. 

727.  Biucna  VaUii,  Batll.  (DC.  Prodr.  xvi,  i,  p.  16)  {Tricera  lavitfaiCj  8w.,  var.  Sandm- 
CructBj  Eggcrs  in  Fl.  St.  CruciB,  p.  111). 

Fl.  Jnne-Oct.    On  limestoue,  rare. — St.  Croix  (StoDy  Oiooiul). 

72a  Savla  MulUflora,  W.  (Spec.  Plant,  iv,  p.  771). 

Fl.  Juue-Dec.    In  thickets  on  dry  Lills^  not  aucommon. — All  islands. 

729.  FhyUantbn*  aonminatoa,  Yahl  (Synib.  Bot.  ii,  95). 

St.  Thomas  {Herb.  BC.  sec.  DC.  Prodr.  xv,  ii,  381).  Vahl,  bowerer, 
gives  only  Cayenne  (Rohr)  as  habitat 

730.  Fb.  Nixurl.  L.  (v.  Creole  Chininc). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Very  common  in  gardens  and  along  roads.— 
All  islands. 

731.  Ph.  diatiohna,  Mttll.  (DC.  Prodr.  1.  c.  413)  (O'cra,  L.)  (v.  Gooaobeiry). 

Fl.  June-Sept.  Fruit  used  for  preserves.  Katnralized  near  dwell- 
iugs. — All  islands. 

732.  Ph.  nobllla,  MUll.  (1.  c.  415).    17)  AntUlana  (Ctooa,  Jnsfl.)  (r. Gongora-hont). 
Fl.  July,  and  afterwards  precocious  in  Dcc.-Jan.    In  forests,  not  un- 
common.— ^All  islands.  « 

733.  Ph.  falcattiB,  Sw.  (v.  Boxwood). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    In  marshy  soil,  not  uncommon. — Vieques. 

734.  Seonrinega  acidothamnns,  Mlill.  (1.  0.4')!)  (FWggfa,GTiB.). 

Fl.  Maj'-June.  In  thickets,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix  (eastern  part 
of  tlio  island). 

(I  have  adopted  Midler's  generic  name,  FWggea  being  an  older  name 
for  a  genus  of  OphiaiMgonca:  established  by  L.  0.  Eichard.) 

735.  Drypetea  IsBvigata,  Gris.  ine<l.  (£>rar«rirt  polyandra,  GriH.  Cat.  PI.  Cub.  p.  20, 

&■  I)iii;;noa.  ncuer  Eiiphorb,  p.  It^). 

Fl.  Sept.  ^.  I  have  not  found  the  female  flower  nor  fniit,  and  am 
tlierefore  not  able  to  supply  the  deficiency  in  this  rcsi>ect  in  Griae- 
bach's  3>iagno8is. — St.  Croix  (Fair  Plain)  j  St.  Jan  (Cinnamon  Bay). 

736.  D.  glaiica,  Vuhl. 

St.  Cioi.v  (111),  llavn.  Kyau,  Kohr;  "IIollow  berry  of  Bugby  Ilole") 
(Montsernit,  Ityau  in  lib.  llavn.). 

737.  Croton  aatroitea,  Air.  (v.  Whitr  Maniii). 

Fl.  Dec-rJuly.     Style  IG-bianched.     In  dry  thickets,  very  common.^ 

All  itslauds. 


TLOHk   OF  Sr.    CBOIX   AND   THE   VIBQIN   ISIiANDS. 


91 


C.  baCaUcma.  r*lij  (S^rmb.  Bat.  it.  p.  &e<). 
.FL  nil  tiie  year  ToaniL    A  lotv  6hrub,  brownUb.    Cuiumon  in  thick- 
i«liitiilt». 

\9.  C.  aavftM,  L.(r.  3lAnin). 

KL  ail  Uie  year  rcmnt].    Gn^giirioiiM  on  dry  hills,  alao  at*  M>cou<biry 

ivUi ;  v<^ry  commou,  and  a  troublesomt^  fiiirnbby  weed. — All  iMhiiulx. 

J*0-  C.  dlaoolor,  WUlittSiw.Pliint.  Ir,  352)  (C.  baUamifa;h,), 
FL  all  the  ypor  i-ound.    Alon;;  roiula  in  diy  localitie^t,  couunon. — SL 
i&  (ciuitA'rti  p;u-t  uf  the  ttfUind);  St  Thonms  (lib.  Tlioiib.  sec  DC. 
ndr.  L  u.  |>.  tilO). 

FL  all  thv  year  nicuul.    Alon^  roads  and  in  waste  places,  very  cooi- 
>AII  i&buidH. 

C  lolMtiu^  L. 

FL  March-Dw;.    In  tho  ftniu<>  i>laceji  as  the  preceding,  very  common. — 
iiihuidft. 

C.  tittffllUa.  L. 
Stlltoffiaa  {Dertero  sec.  DC.  Prodr.  l.c,  CTO). 

(An  orboreonH  as  y«*t  nndetenuinod  Crotonfa^  not  found  ui  blossom, 
in  a  Ti-w  siiednieus  un  Fla^  Hill  in  St.  Thuma».) 

AlnsttM  Molacoaaa,  Will*].  {^\wc,  Ptuul.  iv,  GTO)  (^.  triUU,  Fitt-vl.)  (v, 
Wafant). 

Flail  the  yciir  round.    Naturalized  near  dwcIlingH  and  in  gardciis.— 

r.  Civix ;  Sc  Thoaiais. 

lU  petfaDOnlOM.  MUll.  (Linnn-ii,  xxxiv,  153)  [JdcUa  Kianrlla,  L.). 

Fl.  ya/rh-Mar,  preco<:iou».    Always  very  spiny.    In  dry  thickctS| 
lUMuounim.— All  islands. 

FAC  AifytothamrHa  fucicolata.  Mdll.  (LiniiH^it,  1.  c.  146)  {THtojis,  8c1il.}. 
njui^May  and  Sept.     Ju  thiekets,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

17.  A. ewidScuia,  MUll.  (DC.  VnnU;  1.  r.  741)  {.injifthamnia,  Sv.)- 

Fl,SqH^Af>ril.     Ca|)aule  dark  blue ;  seedd  vcrrucoHe.    lu  thicket«y 
wmott. — All  ibbindtL 

7<d  A04lrpaa  ohMiuvdftfoIU,  Mtlll.  (1.  c.  070).     p)  geuuiiia  (.1.  reptanB^  Sw.), 
7>bc«vlpM. 

FL  oU  the  year  ronnd;  female  tlowm«  developing  gradually.  Bracts 
tent  after  dMtHemination.  On  rocks  and  in  crevices,  not  iiucou- 
•8C  Croix  (.9);  St.  Tliomos  (r). 


92 


FLORA   OF  8T.   CROIX    AND   TU£   VtBOIN  l^UiSDH. 


749.  Tragla  voltibUJa.  L.  (v.  NettU?,  Oran-uettl^). 

Fl.  Feb.,  SaiyU   Male  flowers  uften  ti-ansftinued  iiilo  a  gU»l»rM«e 
8ti'0!*ity.     The  plunt  is  believed  by  tlie  uf%TH.»e«  to  give  theiii  Inok 
marketing.     In  thickets  and  nXoxi^  roadfl,  curamou. — All  i»IuudA. 


750.  Rtolniu  oommonU^  L.     o)  (r.  C*Ator-oU  tree). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.     Seeds  lued  for  prestiin^  caiftur-oiL 
ized  on  waHt«  placid,  eomiuon. — AH  inlands. 


iiM\ 


751.  Manihot  ntlUsftUna,  Tohl  (Plant.  Ilra«.  1,  32)  (v.  ConaarA). 
Fl.  March-May.     Itttot  uHed  f(.»rmunufiir.taringMnn*h  luid  llonr,  whi 

is  made  up  into  flat,  thin  cake^  (bainbaui).     ^'atiuuUzod  uod 
vated. — Ail  iHlandH. 

752.  Jatropha  Curoas,  L.  (r.  French  Phyfdcnnt,  Kkituctchi). 

Fl.  all  thi^  yeAf  round.    Seedn  ver>-  dr»fitil^    A  low  trco,  oft^ii  plant 
on  graves.     Katurulized  near  dwellings,  common. — All  itflands. 

753.  3.  goasypiifoUa,  L.  (v.  Pliycffc-nnt).    a)  ■taphyaagrixfoUa,  ,i)  elegana. 
Fl.  all  the  >ear  round.     Tlie  "^N'hole  plant  ban  a  disa^riM^Hble 

SiiftVutefleent,  V-'i'  high.     A  troublenome  weed  near  dwellingn 
fiehla.    Very  conimou  everywhen*. — All  inlands. 

754.  X.  multlflda,  L.  (v.  Coral-bush). 

Fl.  all  the  year  rouuil.     Xaturalized  in  ganlena— St  Grobc; 
Thomas. 

755.  Sobastlanla  lucida.  MHll.  (IX'.  Pi-mlr.  Ur.  IIM)  i  /i^ixmiria,  8w.). 

Fl.  Feb.-.Fuue.     A  nhrub  or  low  tree,  D'-21V  high.    In  tiiickeu 
I'o  rests,  common. — All  itdands. 

756.  Hippomane  MaoolnelU*  L.(v.  Maurhhiwl-iref). 

Fl.  precocious,  Feb.-A]>ril,  ooetauons,  May-JnuA.     Wood  afliQ 
excellent  timber,  but  very  little  used  (m  account  <tf  the  c-iiu^tic  mi 
juice.     On  sandy  showw,  4)ften  gregarioun,  gomelinieA  in  the  intmor 
the  ihlflnds  on  hillK. — St. Croix  (common);  Vii^in  Mandnt  ((lucoini 


757.  Ezocooaxia  Laun>oeraan«,  Mllll.  fl.  p.  ISOiJ).     ? )  laurlfollau 

Not  seen  flowering.    A  high  iw^:  bark  smootl^  white. 
forest&f  rare. — 3t.  Jon  ((cinnamon  Hay). 

753.  Hura  orepitatM,  L.  I'v.  Saii>1I>ox-tri«). 

Fl.  Sept.  Leaves  decidiiouft  In  JaD.-A)>riI.  Swttn 
tree  with  horizontal  branche.M  and  i>rickly  ntom.  In 
dwellings  common. — All  i^lnnds. 


In 


VLOBA  OP  8T.   CROIX    A5D   THE   YIROI.V    ISLANDS. 


93 


FeU-«Tnn«.    MuW  mtlore8<^ii<*e  beiiring  at  the  base  two  rcsinons 
tofffMifr  with  the  nuUe  liowera.     Biiilloii  coiisi^lorH 
[1*>  .toU;  Miillvx  ttikc'H  tlieiii  for  moiistittUH  anthent. 

itruX  fpfnale  6ower  pedtcellntc.     In  thickets,  common. — All  inhtads. 

da  bcuclioUii,  Lam. 
PLaU  tW  jTMir  ruiiiiil.     Ou  tiie  mmtly  shore»  oommou. — All  iisluiids. 

B.  utictilAtai,  Biinu. 
FLaD  the  yvaur  iDuuiL     Along  th^  Heucoo^t,  common. — All  islumU. 

B.  paottftra,  L. 

HaD  the  yvnr  rcniud.     In  wustt?  places  and  nlotk^  roads,  very  c<»m- 
•AU  hdfttidM. 

B.  bypttrlollQlla,  L.     a)  unil  ,-(}  hyssoplfoUa,  L. 
n.i]|  ilir  year  ruuod.     Leaver  di^tiobous.     Used  n}j[ain8t  dyseuter^'. 
jilacm  an  the  previ'dtng.     A  common  weed. — All  iuhindn. 

B.  ttlyiaifolU.  Itimu. 
n.  iill  UiH  year  ronml.     The  whole  pUmt  reddinh.     Leaven  folding 
?rdurlu;r  ni^ht  and  in  rainy  weather.     Anionj;  stones  and  along 
rety  cM^nimon. — AU  islnndM. 

B  prastnta,  Alt. 
Kl  thi!  whole  yeair,     Toj:ether  with   the  piwediug,  common. — All 


kUnm,  -mil*  ^  Ilo!.  M«>;.  I.  tiSIJ  (v.  Muiicbinrel). 

FVlh**  nhulo  year.     Tartly  jirecocious  iu  the  spring:.     On  dri*  bills 
•■J  Ib  lliicketa.— Virjrin  IsluudH  (common)  j  St,  Croix  (Went,  i».  288 f). 
'Wfitf'H  /;,  nf(iMi/iW/<i,  Raid  to  occnriii  i^t.  Oroix,  is  evidently  meant  for 
'*  ---■'-.».     I  doubt,  however,  the  ri»iT4'ctiie,<«M  of  the  habitat,  aiMl  am 
thikt  It  is  A  mist-uke  for  St.  Thomas,  where  the  species  is  ex- 
ijkKv  eommoii.) 

W7  B  ftsUcniaU,  Ortoga  (tiicivl.  p,  16;  DO,  Prodr.  xy,  ii,  73).    (ff.  prvni/otia, 
"         '-'Wntir.  lii.  I.  27T,  n  r<tr»i  wUh  livrjit-r,  •priiik'  Wvwi,) 
^  111  foreHts  aud  near  dwelUnf^s,  not  nnrommon.  of^en 

JWiPriwpu— at,  Troix  {GoYcnunent  House);  8t.  Th(»ni;Ls  (Signal  Hill). 

'W  B  bflCwDphyU*.  L.     ,i  cyfttbophora,  .TAi(|. 

^  All  the  y€«ur  hMtml.     (ire^arioUH   in   dry   phu'CK,  i-omnKin. — AU 
i4ukiU 

''^  B  Mtniftlla,  U  iVC.  tMnut.  GntMm,  t.  (.  iA). 
H  Marrh-JuiMS.    A  hirfi;c  tree,  stem  2'-3'  diam.     Naturalized  ucac 
'  fomiDon.-»All  Inlnnds. 


FLORA    OK  er.   CBOIX    AKD   THB    VIBGIN    I8LAKD8. 


95 


m.  Muhtn  tinctoHa.  Don  (v.  Fustic). 

Fl  Jnne-Oct.    Yonng  >fli<>ota  with  deeply  serrate  leaves.    ATowl 
Mvnt  •tiiDlK»T,  but  now  verj*  scarre.     In  forests,  bore 

;.,_.;,;      M..'-< 

PI,  Jnne-[leo.    On  mckft  in  shady  Toresta,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix 
[^Ipnne  Harden);  St, Thomas  (Crown), 

Urarm  data.  Oris. 
^Cniix  (Spring  Garden,  West,  p.  306  j  hi«  siH^diiicu  in  Hb.  Havn.)- 

'm  V.  taaooifiaTa.  Gaad. 
St.ThtM«ai^  (AViMhI.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xvi,  i,  03). 

(WeM^ft  Urtioa  elonffata,  Tahl,  »aid,  p.  300,  to  ooenr  in  St.  Croix,  and 
'itrnded  for  an  Vrera^  I  have  not  been  able  to  identuy,  fi-om 
ruuutiK'zxrriptiun  and  specimens.) 

Me*  mlcrophyila,  Ltcbiii.     a\  ii)  trianthemoides,  Linill.,ftnil})  succulenta 
{\.  Iiurk-wiiCil). 

Flail  th(*  year  ronnd.     On  rofrkn  and  stonea  in  shady  situations,    a) 
mrijcuDoo ;  ,s)  and  r)  oommon. — AU  island.'). 

Itt.  f.  atnldeotata.  Wrdil. 

(VVarrh-July.     Oi'eE;iLrioTi8  among  rocks  on  high  hills,  not  uncom- 
|»«i^8t  Thomas  (St.  Peter). 

P.  gnoAia,  WmM. 

n  JuQL'.     In  leaf-mould  on  high  hills,  gregarious,  uncommon. — St- 
Tfcottu*  (Crown,  1.500'). 
^  P  cnnunolulfoUa,  WcmIiI. 

tiiH  (HoTOlH."ek  in  lib.  IIavn.)|  Vieques  (near  Campo  Asilo). 

^  r  tawNpiaHa.  W«lcL 
n  July-Aug.      (irc^arious  on   rocks    iu    forests,   nnoommon. — St. 
(Hignal  Hill,  Crown). 

9.  BmCftm'CneAm.  Lk-bm.  (Vid.  Si<lsk.  SkrlO..  v.  IbcUke.  ii,  301). 
lllCnMx(0nile4l,  It*.). 

Irn—itto  Uppulaoea,  Oand. 
"'  "^  IM\  Pwxir.  xvi,  i,  235;  Oris.  Fl.  p,  160). 

-rwiNv«-  /VrH«  Cftrica^h.  (v,  Fi^-trct'),  and  F,  cla$tica,  L.J 

ARI8TOLOCIflACE.£. 

%  iiMoTocUa  tJttobatii,  I*.  (v.'n.lxiPoo-pliM'). 

;:.    Oil  fruce«  and  at  forettts  on  high  hills.^St.  Croix 
Vhrgin  Islands  (not  uncommon). 


96  FLOBA  OF  ST.   CROIX   AND. THE  VIRGIN  ISLANDS. 

794.  A.  ansulclda,  L.  (DC.Prodr.  xv,  i,4r>4;  Bot.  Mag.  4361  j  DeMOortUx,  FLlMAi 

do»  AntiUes,  iii,  S02)  (v.  Craue^s  Neck). 

Fl.  Oct.-Dcc.  A  namber  of  dipterous  insects  are  usually  found  isL- 
prisoned  in  the  lower  part  of  tbeperigonal  tube,  whence  escape  is  impos- 
sible on  account  of  the  downward-bent  hairs  on  the  inner  surface.  Tbm 
hairs  dropping  off  after  fertilization,  the  imprisoned  insects  are  set  a4 
liberty  again.    In  thickets,  rare. — St,  Croix  {Recovery  Hill). 

BEOONIACEJE. 

795.  Begonia  hnmilla,  Ilort.  Kew.  (ed.  i,  vol.  iii,  353). 

St.  Thomas  (Finlay  in  lib.  Mus.  Paris,  sec  DC.  Prodr.  xv,  i,  297). 
[Cultivated  occur  several  species  of  Begonia.] 

AMENTACE^. 
[Cultivated  in  gardens  and  near  dwellings :  Casaarina  egtftMfi/ofia^ 
Forst.    (Fl.  June-Aug.)    Of  very  quick  grow^th.] 

PIPEBACE^. 

796.  Piper  Sieberi,  Cas.  DC.  (Euckca,  Miq.)- 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  In  forests ;  often  gregarious  and  forming'  c 
dense  underwood,  common.    Used  for  walking-sticks. — ^AU  islands. 

797.  P.  Bredemeyerl,  Jacq.  (Artautho,  Miq.). 

Fl.  Sept.  In  shady  valleys,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix  (Caledonia 
Oreqnis). 

798.  P.  auritum.  Kth. 

St.  Tliomas  (DC.  Prod.  1.  c.  321). 

799.  P.  Blattarum,  Sprsl. 

Fl.  Jaii.-March.    In  forests,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Crown,  Signal  Hill) 

800.  P.  peltatum,  L.  (v.  Monkey's  Ilniifl)  (Potomorphc,  Miq.). 

Fl.  Feb.-Aufr.  lu  forests,  alonj?  rivulets,  and  among  nx'ks  on  hijrl 
hills. — St.  Croix  (rare,  Caledonia,  Springfield) ;  Virgin  islands  (not  uim 
ronnnon  on  high  hills). 

801.  Peperomia  pellucida,  Kth. 

I'l.  :May-Aug.  In  forests,  rare.— St.  Croix  (Rohrs  Minde)  j  St,  Thoma^ 
(1)(\  Prod.  1.  c.  4(»2). 

802.  P.  acuminata,  Miii.  (P.  awuMmtiKmh^  Caw.  DC.)  (v.  Stone  Ginger). 

V\.  all  the  year  round.    On  i-oeks  in  forests,  common. — All  islands. 

803.  P.  glabeiln.  Dictr. 

Fl,  ^Iay-Sei>t.  In  the  same  places  as  the  preceding,  common.— 
All  islands. 

804.  P.  cnbana,  Ct^.  bC. 

St.  Ci-OL\  (UC.  i^rod.  1.  c.  413). 


FLOBA  OF  ST.   CBOIX  AND  THE   VIRGIN  ISLANDS.  97 

Sm  F.  obtwUbUa,  Caa.  DC,  Dietr.,  Miq.    a)  and  j3)  cliudeefoUa. 
FL  April-Jolj-.    On  rocks  and  under  shady  trees  in  leaf-mould.    Gre- 
not  uncommon,    a)  all  islands ;  fi)  St.  Thomas  (Crown). 


WL  P.  WMimlani^  Ruis  et  Pay. 
St  Thomas  (DC.  Prod.  L  c,  434), 

Mf.  F.  polyvtsohya,  Uiq. 

FL  Dec-Jan.  Stem  and  lower  surfoce  of  the  leaves  reddish.  Among 
neks  in  forests,  not  uncommon,  gregarious. — ^AU  islands. 

B.  GYMNOSPERM^. 

CTCADACEJB. 

(Cohivated  in  gardens  occurs  Cycasrevolutaj  Thunb.  {v.  Sago  Palm).] 

CONIFEBJQ. 

[Cultivated  in  gardens  occur  several  species  of  Thi\ja.] 

C.  MONOCOTYLEDONES. 

Al.I9IIIACE^. 

IB&  BcUnodonu  oordlibliiu,  Oris. 

n.  April-Aug,  FloM-er  expanded  only  till  10  A.  M.  Leaves  hetero- 
^houH,  the  primordial  ones  submerged,  lincar-lanceolato,  passing 
^  degrees  into  the  ordinary  eraerscd  ones.  In  rivulets,  here  and  there. — 
SttYoix  (King's  Hill  Gut,  Arma«  Hope  Gut). 

HTDBOCHABIDACEJE,  L.  C.  Rich. 
'^  ThiIiMli  teatudinnm,  Solandor  (Kocnig). 

^^ot  seen  flowering.    Gregarious  in  shallow  sca-wuter,  very  common. — 

AniiUnUs, 

POTAME.E,  Jnss. 
'''^  C7BM)dooMi  manatonmit  Ascheraon  (Naturf.  Fronndc  in  Bi-rlin,  Jiin. — Oct., 

^'ot  seen  flowering,  gregarious  on  the  bottom  of  the  kcu;  mostly  iu 
Aallow  water.— All  islands. 

■ILBdodola  "Wlrlghtil,  AiicUers.(l.  c,  ami  NoumayorH  Aulcit.  ziir  wins.  Uoob. 
ufBeiaen). 
8t  Tlumaa  (Krebs  sec  Aschers.). 
BoU.  Nat  Mas.  27o.  13 7 


98  FLOBA  OF  ST.   CROIX  AND   THE  YIROIK  ISLAITDS. 

812.  HalophUa  BalUonll,  AsclietB.  (iu  Noaraaycr,  1.  e.  p.  307). 

Hhizome  ereepiug,  thin.  Leaves  oval,  deuticulate,  whorled  or  op| 
sile,  3'"  long,  Ij'"  broa<l.    MoncBciotis. 

Fl.  <y :  3  nienibraiiaceons  wliite  bracts ;  1-3  stamens ;  filament  ] 
long;  anther  cylindrical,  yellowish,  glabrous,  l-celled.    Volte 
grains  fusiform. 
Fl.  9  :  3  persistent  bracts,  aa  in  S .    Ovary  sessile,  ovate,  J"'  loo 
-  loculate.    Style  bifid,  2J'"  long  j  branches  i}ointcd,  often 
unequal  length.    Capsule  oval,  ghibrous,  2'"  long ;  seeds  abo 
20,  globose,  hanl,  tcssellate  on  the  surface.    Starch-grains  tiia 
gular. 
Male  flowers  Axiy  rare  compared  to  the  number  of  female  ones. 
Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Gregarious  on  the  bottom  of  the  seaou  ooai 
coral  sand  in  a  depth  of  from  two  to  four  fathoms,  here  and  there.—! 
Tliomas  (harbour). 

813.  Ruppln  rosteUata,  Koch. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Gregarious  in  shallow  rivulets,  not  unco 
mon. — St.  Croix  (King's  Hill  Gut,  in  company  with  a  species  of  Chan 
St.  Thomas  (Tutu  Gut,  Krebs  in  lib.  ira\ni.). 

[Another  Potamea,  possessing  a  creeping  rhizome  and  delicate  line 
leaves,  has  been  found  by  ine  in  the  harbour  of  St.  Tliomas  at  a  depth 
from  3  to  <»  fathoms,  but  on  account  of  only  sterile  specimens  havhig  be 
obtained  it  remains  as  yet  undetermined.] 

814.  Authiarlmn  EuegelU,  .Schott  (v.  Royer)  {A.  acanle,  Prli.). 

l*'!.  .luly-Maich.  Young  radical  leaves  very  ditiei-ent  fi*om  the  old 
ones,  beinj;  lanceolate  and  U)ng-i)etioled.  1  consider  Sehott'S  *1.  (W«« 
not  to  be  specilieally  distinct  from  this  i>"pecies.  On  rocks  and  tri-^s,  n 
uncommon,  often  gregarious. — All  islands. 

815.  A.  macrophyllum,  Sch. 

Fl.  July- Dec.  Among  rocks  in  forests,  uncommon.  St.  Jan  (ne 
Uethania). 

816.  A.  cordifolium,  Kth.  (v.  Wilil  Taiiirr,  Marmm  Janctdo)  (Bot.  Maj;.  t.  SsOl,  &e 

lioinj;  a  misprint  in  riris.  I'l.  ]».  .'iOH). 

Fl.  .Tuly-Xi)V.  .\inonj;  rocks  in  forests,  gregaiioiw,  here  and  there-- 
St.  Croix  (Wills  15ay,  r»lue  .Mountain)  j  St.  Jan  (Macumbi,  llW)'). 

817.  Dleffenbachla  Segulne,  Sch.  (v.  Dtiinh  Cane)- 

Fl.  >iay-l)ec.    In  moist  places  on  hi*»h  hills,  uncommon. — St  Thouw 

(Caret  Bay,  1(M)0'). 


FLORA  OF   ST.   CROIX   AND    THE   YIRGIN   ISLANDS.  99 

818.  Phflodendron  hederaoeiun,  Sch. 

FL  Aug,    On  trees  in  danae  fore8t8,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Crown,  UOC). 

819.  PL  slgantonm.  Rch.  (Pr<Hl.  Eil.VHt.  Aniid.  p.^Gl). 

Fl..Maab--Iul.v.  Petiole  2'-24'  lonjr;  lamina  2i'-3'  lonjr,  2'  ImnMl, 
PWiracle  li"-3J"  lonfr;  spatbo  11"-12"  long,  ()i)eninjf  itself  only  diirinjf 
twniglita.  Simdix  wLitc,  giAing  out  a  strong  odour  aiul  consi<l»*riible 
bi;:h  temperature  during  anthesis.  Numerous  aerial  roots,  stem  1 '-2' 
king.  Among  roeko  in  dense  forestB  on  high  hills,  gregarious  on  trers. — 
8t,  Thomas  (Signal  Uill  and  Crown,  1500'). 

(Thppietnre  in  Bot.  Mag.  t.  .'V314,  of  the  much  smaller  Ph.fraffravtitmi- 
■KB,  Kth,  {Ctrladinm,  Uook.),  gives  a  good  representation  of  the  habit 
of  this  species.) 

lift  Csladinm  snuuragdlnum,  C.  Koc-h  (Scliott.l.  c.  lOT))  (v.  Onincii  Citigifr). 
Fl.  May— July.    Khizouic  tuberous,  yellow.    In  pastures  on  high  hills, 
nut  uncoirimon.— St.  Thomas  (Sigfial  Tlill,  above  St.  I'eter,  1400'). 

KL  Xantbosoma  atrovlrenaf  C.  Koch  (v.  Scratrh-tlimat). 

Not  seen  llowering.  Ithizonie  large,  tuberous,  used  as  a  A'egetable. 
leaves  pungent  when  eaten  as  spinaeh.  Cultivated  and  naturalize*!  ou 
pnivihiun  gx'ounds. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

Itt.  X  Mt^ttmtoUxun,  Sch.  (v.  Tanier). 
Fl..Iuly.  Laniina  of  the  spathe  white,  ^vith  a  delicate  rosy  tinge, 
•''lathe  disclosing  itself  during  two  nights  from  7  to  10  o'ehw-k;  sjiadix 
iwnvliile  giving  forth  a  strong  fi-agranee  and  showing  a  temiM'nitiu'e 
"H:;'  i.'.  above  that  of  the  air.  Ix^aves  used  as  spina<rh  and  llie  tuberous 
rtitt'iDie  as  a  common  vegetable.  Cidtivated  and  natunilized  on  pro- 
^m  inxmnds. — All  islands. 

123,  Z. ?  haatatum,  Kgi;.(Aniiii,  Vahl.)  (v,  Imlijin  Kale). 

Xiit  swn  flowering.  Leaves  hastate,  with  hnig  pointed  oblique  basilar 
^''"'■s  \wh\  for  spinach.  (Naturalized?)  Cultivated  and  spontaneous 
iaf«^.<ts. — All  islands. 

^  Hstla  occidentalism  UI. 
Fl. all  the  year  nmnd.    Cultivated  and  naturalized  in  gurdcns. — St, 

•W  Lemna  minor,  T* 

-^M  mm  flowering.  Inrivulets,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix  (.b-alousy 
<iDt  Fair  Plain  Ont). 

i^'ultivated  siieeics:  Caladium  hUolor,  Vent,  T.  pkfum,  DC,  and  C- 
''*w(«m,  Linden.] 


100  FLORA   OK   ST.    CROIX   AND   THE   TIRGIK   XaLABDB. 

TVPHACE^. 

826.  Typha  ansnstlfoHa,  L.,  var.  domlngexuls,  Pen. 
Kl.  Sopt.-Maivli.    Used  for  making  mats.    In  rimlete  and 

lii|;<K>iiM,  not  uueommon. — St.  Croix;  St.  Jan. 

PAIVDAIVAGEiE. 

[(Ju1tivato<I    in   gardens  occurs   PandunM  odoratitsimuiy  L.  fiL  (r. 

Screw  Pino).  I 

PAI^MiE. 

827.  Thrinax  argentea,  Loilil.(v.  Teyer-tree). 
Fl.  ]V]ay-.huio.    StiMn  10'-20' high.    Leaves  used  for  raakiDg  ropM, 

thatching  nmls,  and  other  domestic  purposes.  On  the  northern  dopeif 
lh(>  hills  in  lorcHtH  and  tickets. — St.  Croix  (very  rare,  only  one  sptaam 
seen,  near  lU'Uevuc  Mill) ;  Virgin  Islands  (common). 

828.  Oreodoza  regla,  Ktb.  (v.  Mountain  Cabbagt*). 

Kl.  Aprll-Aug.  The  young  loaf-bu(i  used  as  cabbage.  Berries  eats 
by  Iiog.s.    In  IbivAtrt  and  along  roads,  common. — All  islands. 

829.  Cocos  Ducifera,  L.  (v.  Cormi-mit  Tree). 

V\.  IVli.-March.    Loaves  U8C<1  for  thatching  roofk.    The  ripe  ftot. 

although  occurring  in  abundance,  is  scan;oly  used,  and  of  no  ecozHnnioI 

iniport!ince.    Naturalized  along  the  seashore  and  along  roads^ifl 

JKlands. 

COn:TIELVIVACK.E. 

830.  Tradeacantia  geniculata,  JiU'n.    ..?)  effusa,  Mart. 

I'l.  March.     S<hm1s  bluish,  v*'n-uruh»so. — Vii'qucs  (near  Camx)o  Asilo). 

831.  T.  zebriua.  Ilurnil.  tv.  Wnmlfriu;;  Ji'w). 

FL  May.    Xaturalizod  in  gardens. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

832.  T.  discolor.  Sw. 

KK  Apiil-Aujr.  Staincus  often  by  retrograde  metamorphosis  tran^ 
i'onued  into  iicials.  Naturalized  in  ^vaste  x>hices  and  near  dwelliDgs.— 
AUiiihiiMls. 

033.  Callisia  repcns,  L. 

I'l.  ,Iau.-M;trrli.  (Irtuaiious  in  shady  places,  not  uncommoD.— All 
i>hiiHls. 

834.  C.  umbellulatn,  I.nti. 

I'l.  .?;iir.  ScimIs  wliihMviili  a  rt-il  >]K»t.  rhiwersnioiiandrou.s.  Among 
rocks  in  sh^wlv  Dla^'cs,  rare. — St.  Thouias  tSi;rnal  Ilill,  l^OiV). 

835.  C  lyeiiuensis,  Kii-li.  f  rr<-iii-}i  (ir:i.s.s). 

'"  •  rontid.     riowcr  expanded  till  0  A.M.    One  ofthfi 

ahvay.s  abortive.    In  moist  localities,  common^— All 


FLOBA  OF   8T.   CBOIX  AND  THE   VIRGIN  ISLANDS.  101 


836.  CtHafUtM,  Kth.  (r.  French  Oiaaa) 

fl  all  the  year  roui 
coBDOo.— All  islaads. 


fl  all  the  year  round.*  Flower  ephemeral    In  moist  localities,  very 


OBAmilVACE^. 

MT.  BamboM  volgaxli,  Scbrad.  (v.  Bamboo  Cano). 

Not  seen  flowering.  Naturalized  along  rivulets  and  in  gardens. — 
8t  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 

138.  AithrMtyUdinm  oaplUifdUtim,  Gris.  (Plant.  Wright,  in  Mem.  Anier.  Acad,  viii, 
S31, 1862). 

Xot  seen  flowering.  In  forests,  climbing  among  trees  and  shrubs  to 
a  connderable  height,  rare.— St.  Thomas  (Flag  Uill,  70(K);  St.  Jan 
(Bonbeck  in  Hb.  Havn.,  from  "a  large  cataract,  calle<l  Batteiy''); 
Tvqnea  (flowering  specimens  from  Hombeck  in  Hb.  Ha\ii.;  others  re- 
tdred  from  Gampo  Asilo  by  me). 

n.  ftignMrtis  pcMBoldMp  P.  Br. 

FL  June-Dec    Stigmas  white.    Along  roads  and  in  dry  localities, 
^ gregarious,  common. — St.  Croix;  St.  Thomas. 
MO:  E  cmaxim,  Lk. 

FL  March-Bee.    Anthers  black.    In  dry  localities,  commou. — All 


Ml  Bporoboliu  virginloos,  Kth.  (v.  Shaader). 

FL  May-Oct.    Anthers  and  stigmas  yellow.     Used  in  baths  for 
^ildren.    Along  the  coast  and  lagoons,  common. — All  islands. 
lU.  B.  litonUs,  Kth.  (v.  Shander). 

FI.  May-Dec.    In  the  same  places  as  the  preceding,  common. — All 
HUnds. 

ML  8.  lttdten%  R.  Br.  (v.  Haii^grom). 

FL  May-Get.    Anthers  purple }  stigmas  yellow.    Along  roads  and 

^itdies.— .All  islands. 

Mi  Axlcdda  stflotii,  Mich. 

FLMarcb-Dec    Anthers  yellow.    Awns  of  unequal  length,  always 
loBgiT  than  the  glumes.    Along  ditches  and  iii  thickets,  here  and 
*««--^t.  Croix  (Crequis,  Fair  Plain);   St.  Thomas  (Schl.)j   8t.  Jan 
(Adrian  Estate). 
^  Olym  latUblia,  L.    /?)  unndlnaoea. 

FL  Dec-Jan.    In  forests,  rare. — St.  Jan  (Cinnamon  Bay);  Vieques 
l^po  Asilo). 
Ml.  Pkanu  glaber,  Kth. 

FLJime-Dec.    Anthers  yellow;  stigmas  white.    In  forests,  not  un- 
ialands. 


102  FLOKA  OF   ST.   CBOIX  AND   THE   VIBOIN  ISUXDS. 

847.  Pappophonxm  alopecuroidea,  Valil. 

Fl.  J'eb.-Mfli'ch.  l'-3'  high.  Among  rocks  near  the  ooast,  m 
Buck  Ifciluud,  near  St.  Thomas;  Yu'gmGorda(VahlinSyiiLb.BoLiii,l 

848.  Bouteloua  Utle;lo8a,  La^^, 

Fl.  0(:t.-Jan.  Anthers  red ;  stigmas  white.  In  thickets  sod  n 
I)laces,  not  nncommou. — St.  Thomas  (Cowell's  llill — ^Town). 

849.  Leptocbloa  mncronatai  Kth. 

ri.  Miiy-Oet.  Spikelets  often  1 -flowered.  Along  ditches,  not 
couinion. — St.  Ci-oix. 

850.  L.  Tirgata,  V.  Rr.    a),  fl)  gracilis,  Xb.,  and  y)  multiflon,  Egg. 

Fl.  May-Dec.  Anthei-s  white ;  stigmas  pnrple.  y)  spikelets  W 
ercd.  Awns  xavy  short ;  feililc  glumes  not  ciliate.  Along  roadSfi 
mon.^i)  and  ,?)  all  islands;  y)  St.  Croix  (Work  and  liest). 

851.  Chlorla  eleuslnoides,  OriH. 

Fl.  ^lay-Nov,  jUoug  ditches,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (Be 
Hill,  Mount  AVelcome). 

852.  Cb.  radlata,  Sw.  < 

Fl.  May-Oct.  Stigmas  brown.  Gregarious  along  roads,  codud 
All  islands. 

853.  Ch.  cillata,  S\v. 

I*'l.  I'\'l).-Si'i>i.  Authors  rosy.  My  siicciincns  shoAV  only  one  t 
llown-  ill  cjK'li  spilveU'l  licsidrs  the  fertile  one  (see  Swartz\s  Fliiw 
iUc.  p.  is:»).    Alonj^:  rttadsj  not  unconniion. — All  islands. 

854.  Dactyloctenium  eegyptiacum,  W.  fv.  n-ii-iu'r-criit  Grnss). 

Fl.  M:ircli-Nov.  AiUhcrs  straw-colouiXMl;  stigmas  white.  A 
piisiur('-;'rasK.    Ahni;f  roa<ls  and  in  lields,  common. — All  islands. 

855.  Elousine  Indica,  L. 

I'l.  Man-Ii-Dt'c.  Anthers  ;;ieyisl»;  stij^mas  purple.  Common< 
wlinc. — .Ml  islands. 

85G.  Cyuodon  Dactyloii,  I*  rs.  (v.  U:iy  CJiass  Hilly  Oras-s). 

Kl.  May-Oct.  Anthers  straw-eolonrcd,  with  ]>nrplc  spots;  st 
pitiplc  A  ;,'immI  pastnn'-jiia.ss,  and  til  tor  making  gocnl  hay,  but 
saiiic  time  a  most  trouhk-stmu!  weetl  in  caiie-iiclds  on  acxiount  ot'il; 
and  4'i('('i>in;r  ihizoinc.  Said  to  havr  Im'cii  iutroduced.  Along  the 
und  in  (irlds,  ;:ic;i;ii'i<"is. — St.<'ioi\  and  Si.  Thomas  (very  common 
Jiin  (unconnuon,  Little  riaulatiou). 


FLORA.  OF  8T.   CBOIX  AMD  THE  YIBOIN  ISLANDS.  103 

1ST.  pMialnm  compraMnm,  Nb.  (v.  Flat  Grass). 

RJune-Oct.    Anthers  light  yellow;  stigmas  white.    Near  ditches 
and  in  shady  localities,  not  uucouimou. — All  islands. 

•9&  P,  eoQjusatam,  Berg. 

R June-Dec    Anthers  yellow;  stigmas  white.    In  moist  localities, 
common.— All  islands. 

159.  P.  pasUlimi.  Vent. 
St  Thomas  (Flugge  sec.  Gris.  Syst.  Unt.,  p.  114). 

KO.  P.  Jlitiohtim.  L.    a)  and  0)  vaglnatum,  Sw. 

FLJone-Aug.    Prot«raiidrou8.    Anthers  light  yellow;  stigmas  black. 
Along  rivulets,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix ;  St.  Thomas. 

(SL  P.  Dotatnm,  FlUgge, 

St.  Thomas  (Fliigge  sec.  Oris.  Syst.  Unt.,  p.  114). 
KI  P.  UBspltoftimi,  FlUggc. 

FL  May-Sept.    Anthers  orange-coloured.    In  moist  localities,  not 
BBConmon. — ^All  islands. 

N3.  p.  gUbnun,  Foir. 

Fl.  May-July.    Here  and  there  along  ditches. — St.  Thomas  (Schl.) ; 
SLJaii(fiiffBay). 

N4>  P.  pUcatulQin,  Micliz. 
FL  March-Sept.    Along  the  seacoast,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

^  P'  Tir^tam,  L.    u). 

FL  May-Oct.     Anthers  straw-coloured;   stigmas  white.     In  moist 
't'^ies,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

K6.  p.  panicalattmi,  L. 

^•Thomas  (Sclileclitcndal). 

Ur  p.  ■pathmceQin,  HB.  K. 

Sl  Thomas  (Schlecbtendal). 

*C&  Untaria  UUbniil%  MUhl. 

n.  Dec,    In  dry  thickets,  here  and  there. — St.  Thomas  (Cowcll's 
Hill). 

N&  IX  —irglnif.  Lk.  (v.  Bnnniug  Grass). 

^3Ian!h-Sept.    Anthers  puri>le  with  white  stripes;  stigmas  puri)le. 
A  |ood  pasture-grass.    Along  <iitchcs  and  roads,  common. — All  islands. 


r^rf-**    ""^si-n^— '.uiirf^rf.:    ^iisziatt  t-nTDit^ 
.  -TT"' — -^r        TTi-^  .-:zz    imr-:   ^rTTTT  n[n7i&    E 


"1     ,-ijm — ■' '.  E.      ^jntrS'  ""^fttzjtft-    n^snas    -cnnr^'^ioiiti 
■■■ ,  ijsnrp'tt^-j-  -jwtt^-1.  -3i4  J3C  -J.    ^Hiisr  -Defied  « -E  !?aaicmiL 


.tjrry '  'paii:3?-*^>ionrpti:  '•nssniiH  black.     J 


FLOBJL   OP  ST.   CHOnC   AND   THE   VIEOIN   ISLANDS. 


105 


FL  May-4>rL    Anthers  onuige-culoured ;  stigmas  lUuk  parplo.    In 
locilUieB,  unoommon. — All  islands. 

Ill  P.  raa-rimiim.  Jac<].  (v.  Qiiiuca  Ornw)  (P.  p0l*/$amnm,  8w,). 

Fl.  Jiui»-Sc|>t.  Aiitbent  IjPowniKli;  HtigimiM  U^fht  purpU*.  A  spli'ndid 
Itatur^^^nu^T  (cruwiug  to  the  height  ol*  lli',  foruiiug  tlenso  tiiftu  and 
btifi^  Iiro|tii^t«<l  by  thu  rhizome.  Naturalized  and  cultivated  every- 
vbcre,— All  iiUand.'^. 

BU.  7.  divaTioatttm,  L.    a)  ami  fl)  pnbemlani. 

R  Mfty-DcH*'.  An thoTs  light  yellow;  stipmas  white.  Resembling  a 
tiin  liamlKWJ  Cane  8'-l«J'  high.  Both  forms  not  uncommon  in  forests, 
HUmbtof;  over  lives  and  tiUrubs. — All  islands. 

m.  P.  slatincwnm.  8w. 

8L  Croii  (We»t,  p.  267). 

IN  P.  brevlfoUtua,  U 

FL  Aug.-D«>c.  Anthers  and  Htigmaa  white.  In  gardens  and  along 
Wiifcf  here  and  ther©. — St  Thomas  (Bamicks). 

C  P-  0Kfmmtiam9,  lam. 
SLThumaa  (dcldechtendal). 

Bttaila  gUuoa,  P.  Br.    o). 
VL  3(ay-Oct.    In  forcat^,  common. — ^AU  iBlands. 

B.  tctOM,  P.  Or.    a)  and  ^9}  oandata.  R.  8.  (v.  Soar  Oram), 
'^m    FL  A|jril-l>oo.    Antlicrs  oranf^ccoloured ;  Htigmaa  ]mr])le.    a)  3'-T' 
^^^Eti;  in  forests  and  along  ditcliet^,  common. — All  islaudis.     ^)  in  diy 
^p^et»|  uncommoo^— St.  Thomas  (CowelVa  Hill), 
^Ptt>  C«iiohnu  •oblnatna,  L.    ^)  viiidla,  8prenf(.  (r.  Burr  Oram). 

K  April-Dec.    Anthen*  light  yellow;  Btigmns  white,  with  a  purple 
Ja  lh«  middle.    The  ripe  farinaceous  seeds  eaten  by  the  cattle, 
(be  coa«t,  Terj*  common. — All  islands, 

Aiitii«phot«  elegana,  Scbrvb. 

JuL-Oct.    Anthers  browniHli.    In  thickets,  here  and  there. — St. 
i;  Hu  lliomaA. 

lolasoa  InsttJarii,  Grid.  (v.  Bitter  Gnus,  Long  Gram). 

n.  March- I><i«.    Anthers  brownish;  stigmas  white.    Never  touched 
niulv*  wbilst  gnwn,  on  account  of  its  bitter  tjist^.    Sjnkelets  easily 
I  iod  fiir  awuy  by  the  wind.    Very  common  along  roads 
,.;-■«... >.^-AIl  islands. 


106  FLOBA   OF  ST.   CROIX  AND  THE  VIBOUT  I8LABD6. 

891.  Lappago  aliena,  Spreng. 

FL  May-Dec.  Stigmas  white.  Generally  both  BpikeletB  fe 
JS'ear  ditches  and  in  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 

892.  Andropogoa  saoobaroidea,  h, 

FL  Aug.-Oet  Anthers  light  yellow;  stigmas  dark  purple.  Awi 
twisted.    Along  roads,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (Beestou  Hill  6ra 

893.  Anathenun  bioome,  P.  Br.  (r.  Jolly  Grass). 

FL  July-Oct.  2'-4'  high.  Used  for  thatching  roofis.  Kot  eat€ 
the  cattle.  Gregarious  on  high  hills,  where  it  is  difi&colt  to  ooont 
its  spreading,  even  by  burning  it  now  and  theiL — St  Thomas  (nort 
slope  of  the  highest  ridge). 

894.  Sorghnin  Tulgare,  Pers.  <v.  Gnioca  Com). 

Fl.  Dec.    S*-W  high.    Naturalized  and  cultivated  for  herbage 
for  making  flour  of  the  grain. — All  islands,  principally  St.  Crou 
Vieques. 
695.  Saocbanun  officUiamni,  I*,  (v.  Sugar-cane). 

FL  Dec-May.  Naturalized  and  cultivated.  Sugar-growing  is 
are  now  only  two,  viz.,  St.  Croix  and  Vieques,  whilst  the  other  "V 
Islands  have  only  a  very  few  cane  estates,  principally  for  selliDj 
niw  cane  in  the  markets.  The  average  produce  of  sujjar  from  bot 
above-mentioned  islands  is  about  25  million  ])ounds.  The  plant  is  i 
gated  by  cuttings  that  are  laid  entirely  under  ground. 

(The  genus  Panicum  excepted,  all  Qram'maveiv  ai-e  proterogynou 

[Cultivated  species:  Andropogon  ;6fc/ia*w«n//iM#,  L.  (v.  Lemou-g 
Zea  Mat/Hj  L.  (v.  Indian  Com),  and  Coix  Lacryma^  L.  (v.  JoVs  Teai 

CTPERACE^. 

896.  Cyperua  polyatachyus,  Rottb. 

Fl.  July.    On  high  hills,  rare.— St.  Thomas  (Crown,  ISOC). 

897.  C.  laevlgatufl,  L.  (Cod.  p.  GI)  (C  mucronatus,  Kottb.)-    «)  albldus, 

Fl.  Mardi-Oct.  Connective  pointed.  Along  rivulets,  not  ui 
mon. — St.  Croix  j  St.  Tboinas  (Sold.,  liockeler). 

898.  C.  compresftiu,  L. 

Fl.  Dec.  Flowers  2 -androus.  Near  the  coast  in  moist  i)laces,  uj 
mon. — St.  Thomas  (Haven  Sight). 

899.  C.  confertus,  Svr. 

Fl.  Dec.  In  thickets,  here  and  there. — St.  Thomas  (OowelTs  '. 
St  Croix  (Oris.  Fl.  603). 


JLOSA   OF  ST.   CROIX  AND  THE  VIBGIN   ISLANDS.  107 

MO.  C.  ochnoeiu,  Vahl. 
lil.  MajT-Oct.    In  moist  localities,  UDCommon. — St  CroLs:  (Grequis). 

MI  C  Tiaooma,  Ait. 

R  April-Xov.  Stamens  always  3  (see  Swartz's  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  p.  113). 
Sttdii  genninating  in  moist  weather  on  the  parent,  and  often  growing 
oBt  into  young  plants  an  inch  or  two  in  length.  Along  rivulets  and 
ditches,  not  nneommon. — St.  Croix }  St.  Thomas. 

102.  C.  mdiuuneiiala,  KoUb. 
St  Thomas  (SchL). 

MS.  C.  utSonlatiu,  L.  (v.  Stiug  Bisom). 
FL  Mareh-Sept.    In  ditches,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix ;  St.  Thomas. 

901 C  ntandxUt  h.  (v.  Nut  Grass). 

R  aD  the  year  round.  Tubers  sweet,  oaten  by  hogs.  A  troublesome 
tmI,  very  common  in  fields  and  along  roads. — ^All  islands. 

MS.  C.  bnumeiu,  Sw.  (C.  planifoUuaj  Rich.). 
R  May.    On  the  coast  and  near  lagoons,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

MMl  C  tphacelatns,  Bottb. 
R  Feb.    On  high  hills  in  pastures,  uncommon. — St  Thomas  (Signal 

HUl). 

907.  C.  dtetana,  L. 

R  Aug.  In  pastures  on  high  hills,  common.— St.  Thomas  (Signal 
Hill}. 

90&  C.  nnifbUiu^  D<ccklcr  (LiDnicn,  Ncue  FolgCj  ii,  374). 

St.  Croix  (Uavn  in  Beliq.  Lehm.). 

909.  C.  mUbmil^  Svr. 

FL  all  the  year  roimd.    In  moist  localities,  not  uncommon. — St. 

Tliomas. 

910.  C.  odorataa,  L. 

FL  April-Oct.  Kear  rivulets  and  ditches,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix 
(Mouut  Pleasant,  Annas  IIoim.*). 

91L  C.  peniuitns,  Lam.  (Bwcklt^r,  I.  c.404)  (C.  Ehreuhrgii,  Kth.,  ('.>-xw<mii«,  Vnhl), 
Ft  all  the  year  round.    Along  the  coast,  not  uncommon. — St.  Thomas. 

A  If  arch-Dec.    Along  rivalets^  not  uncommon. — ^Ali  islands. 


108  FLOBA  OF  8T.   CROIX  AND  THE  YIRGIN  ISLAHDS. 

913.  C.  flavomaz1acii%  Gris.  (CJlavuif  Boackler). 

FI.  Aug.  lu  pastures  on  hills,  here  and  there. — St.  Thomas  (Signal 
Hill);  Buck  Island  (near  St.  Thomas). 

914.  KylUnga  fillformis,  Sir.    u)  and  y)  oapillaxls,  Oris. 

Fl.  June-Dec.  Involucral  leaves  of  varioas  lengths.  Both  forms  not 
uncommon  in  forests. — St.  Croix  (The  William,  Eliza's  Betreat). 

913.  K.  triceps,  Rottb. 
Fl.  March.    In  shady  moist  localities. — St.  Jan  (Baas  Gut). 

916.  K.  monocephala,  Rottb. 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  In  moist  places  in  forests,  common. — AH 
isUmds. 

917.  K.  brevifolla,  Rottb.  (Emeud.  iu  Boeckler,  Linnso,  1867,  425).    /3)  lonsifolia. 
St.  Thomas  (Ehrenberg  sec.  Bceckler). 

918.  Bcirpns  capltatos,  L.  • 
Fl.  all  the  year  round.   Acheninm  black.   Along  rivulets,  common^ — 

All  islands. 

919.  S.  nodxdosns,  Kth. 

Fl.  Jrarch-Dec.   Along  rivulets  and  in  ditches,  uncommon. — St.  Croix 

(Adventure). 

920.  S.  subdistichus,  B(i'ckl<T  (Liiiua'a,  1809-70,  490). 
St.  TIiomaH  (Bcklr.). 

921.  S.  mutatus,  V:ihl. 

Fl.  Manli-Doc.  Filaments  flat;  style  often  bifid.  In  moist  places, 
not  unroinuioii. — Ht.  Croix;  St.  Jan. 

922.  S.  ferruglneus,  L. 

Fl.  all  tli<*  year  round.  Filaments  flat.  Orogarious  in  tufts  on  the 
saiuly  seashore  and  near  lagoons,  uucouinion. — St.  Croix  (Frederiksted) ; 
St.  Jan  (Ucet'Uay). 

923.  S.  brixoidea,  Sw.  (Fimhristj/Hn  jwIt/morpluT,  Ikfcklcr). 

Fl.  Aug.-Sept.    In  pastures  ou  Iiigh  liills,  common. — Virgin  Islands. 

924.  Rliyuchospora  pusilla.  (iris. 

Fl.  Feb.-tluly.  Anthers  ly  long.  In  pastures  on  hills,  rare. — St. 
Tlioina.s  (Signal  Ilill,  1400'). 

925.  R.  pxira.  Grin. 

Fl.  Feb.-Ang.  Seeds  often  germinating  on  the  parent.  In  the  same 
'daces  as  the  preceding.    St  Thomas  (Signal  Hill). 


FLORA  OF  BT.   CROIX  ASD  THE   VIRGIN  ISLANDS.  109 

93Ci  Bclexla  pniteiuls,  Lindl.  (t.  Catting  Grass). 

FL  Ainil-Xov.    In  forests  and  pastures  on  high  hills,  uncommon. — 
St.  Croix  (Springfield,  Mount  Eagle);  St.  Thomas  (Signal  Hill). 

927.  &  ■etndens,  Nr.  (v.  Racor-grass). 
FL  Aag.-Sept.    In  forests,  rare.— St.  Thomas  (Signal  Hill,  1500'). 

92&  a  flUfonnl%  Sw.  (&  lithMpermay  W.). 

Fl.  May-Nov,  In  thickets,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix  (King's  Hill) ; 
St,  TboinaH  (CowelFs  Hill). 

[All  CifperacecB  are  proterog^nons,  Tvith  white  stigmas  and  light  yel- 
lov  anthers.] 

999.  Aloe  ▼nlgaris,  L.  (v.  Scmpervivie). 

FL  March- ApriL  Gregarious  on  limestone  (naturalized  f),  common. — 
AH  islaads. 

93a  Tncca  gloriosa.  L. 

Fl.  June-Aug.  Naturalized  in  gardens  and  near  dwellings. — St. 
Cruix;  St.  Thomas. 

93L  Agave  amexloaiui,  L.  (t.  Karatd). 
FL  Feb.-May.    On  dry  hills,  common. — ^All  islands. 

932.  A.  eoboUfera,  Salm-Dyck.  (t.  KaratK). 

Vciy  KL'ldoni  or  never  bearing  flowers.  Propagated  by  Imlblets  in 
•Tunc-^Tnly,  growing  out  to  a  considerable  size  whilst  still  on  the  i)ai*eut. 
(>ii  hilLs  and  iu  thickets,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

933.  Foorcroya  oabenais,  Haw.  (v.  Female  Karatii). 

Fl.  March  and  July-Aug.  In  dry  tluckets,  not  uncommon. — St. 
Cn»ix;  8t.  Thomas. 

934.  Pancratitun  caribeenni.  L.  (v.  Wliitc  Lily,  LailybuM). 

Fl.  May-Xor.  Flowers  nocturnal;  fragrant.  On  rocky  coasts,  not 
nnromnion. — All  islands. 

935.  Crinnm  erubeaoena,  Ait. 

FL  all  the  year  round.  Flowers  nocturnal;  fragiant.  Aloftg  rivu- 
lets, here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (Tlogensborg). 

936.  AmaryUia  equesttla,  Ait.  (r.  Red  Lily). 

Fl.  March-Oct.    On  rocky  shores,  gregarious,  not  uncommon. — All 


110  FLORA  OF  ST.   CROIX  AND   THE  TIBOm   ISLARD8. 

937.  A.  tubispatha,  Ker.  (v.  Snow-drop). 

Fl.  April-Oct.,  especially  after  heavy  rains.  In  fields  and  near  dv 
iugB,  not  uncommon. — ^All  xslandH. 

[Cultivated  species :  Allium  fistulosunij  L.  (v.  Ciboule),  Polyanthet  t 
rosUjlt*  (v.  Tuberose),  and  Crinum  giganteum^  Andr.J 

ASPABAGINACEJB. 

938.  8toMvi«ra  gulneenals,  W.  (Spec,  ii,  159)  (Bot.  M&g.  1. 1179)  (v.  Oiumfl-1 
Fl.  Nov.-Dcc.    Fibres  of  the  leaves  yield  a  goo<l  material  for  ro 

Katuralized  here  and  there  on  dry  hills,  gregarious. — St.  Croix  (I 
densfeld);  St.  Thomas  (aronud  town). 

SMII^ACEiE. 

939.  Smilax  haTaneools,  Jacq. 

Not  seen  flowering.  In  forests,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (( 
donia,  Wills  Bay,  Rohr's  Minde). 

940.  S.  populnea,  Kth.  (Enum.  Plant,  v,  192). 

Fl.  June- July  ( <J ).  Unarmed.  Leaves  4"-5"  long,  3"-4"  broad. 
forests,  a  high  climber,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Flag  Ilill,  OGC), 

DIOSCOREACEiB. 

941.  DioBCorea  pilosiuacula,  Bvrt.      » 

Fl.  Dec,  but  rjirely.  Oldor  loaves  ]»uri»le  beneath,  broad  white  .sti 
on  tlie  upper  surface.  iMale  iutlorescciH^e  3"  long,  pendulous.  Ax 
bulbs  lar*;<?,  often  l)itid,  givyisli-brown,  generally  producing  le: 
Avhilst  still  in  <;()rinectio!i  with  the  parent,  drojipiug  off  later  and  fi 
ing  new  ])lants.  l!i  shady  forests,  unronimou. — St.  Thomas  (Signal  '. 
northern  slope  above  St.  l*eter,  I(KIO'). 

942.  D.  alata.  L.  (v.  Yam),     a),  /?)  vulgaria,  Miq. 

Not  seen  flowering.    Propagated  by  the  rhizome.    Naturalized 
cultivated  in  jn-ovisiou  grounds,    lihizome  affording  a  nutriti\e  ve{ 
ble. — All  islands. 

943.  D.  altissima.  Lam.  (v.  Yniii). 

Not  soon  H(»woriug.  Stem  cylindrical.  Occurring  in  the  same  pi 
and  used  in  the  same  way  as  the  preceding. — Ail  islands. 

944.  R^ania  pleioneura,  Gris. 

Fl.  Dec.    In  forest^s,  rare.— St.  Thomas  (Flag  Jldl,  800'). 


FLORA.  OF  ST.   CBOIX  AND  THE  YIRGiK  ISLANDS.  Ill 


94&  S.  hMtxU.  L. 

n.  Sept^Dec    In  forests  and  on  fences  on  high  hill*,  not  uncom- 
moiL-St  Thomas  (Signal  Hill,  Xorthside)  (St.  Croix  9). 

IBIDACEJE. 

946.  Ctpnn  pUcata,  Gris.  (t.  St.  Jan  Grass,  Blooflroot). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Bulbs  crimson.  Katoralized  in  gardens  and 
Tank's.— All  islands. 

BB01IIEI.IAC£iE:. 

M7.  BromeUa  Pinenin,  L.  (v.  Phiguiii). 

R  Dec  and  April-June.  Pulp  edible,  acid.  TTsed  for  fences.  Gre- 
garioua  in  forests  and  thickets,  common. — All  islands. 

948.  Cheralllera  Ungnlata,  Gris. 

n.  Man'h-rliily.  Petals  white,  with  a  bluish  point.  Berry  glabrous, 
pink  or  bhie.  On  trees  and  rocks  on  high  hills,  not  uncommon. — St. 
Tbomas  (Crown,  Signal  Hill,  liKMK) ;  St.  Jan  (Alacumbi). 

949.  Pitcalnila  angnatlfolia,  Ait. 

Fl.  Ang.-Sopt.  Seeds  red,  pointed  at  the  basej  apjwndage  white, 
trancato.  On  trees  and  rocks. — St.  Croix  (rare,  King\s  Hill  Gut) ;  Vir- 
cin  Islands  (common,  e8i>ccial]y  on  the  coast). 

930.  nUandaU  faseiotilata,  Sw. 

R  JaiL-l'-eb.  Capsule  a  little  shorter  than  the  bract.  On  trees  in 
forejfts  and  on  high  hills,  uncommon. — St.  Thomas  (Crowu)^  St.  Jan 
(Baa8Gut). 

95L  T.  ntricnlata.  L.  (v.  WiW  Pine). 

R  Feb.-Aug.  Infloi-escencc  over  8'  high.  On  trees  and  rocks,  com- 
mon.—All  islands. 

9S3.  T.  reourrata,  L.  (r.  OKI  Man's  Doanl). 

R  Jan.-Feb.,  but  very  nin^ly.  Seeds  often  germinating  in  the  cap- 
■nlc.  Usetl  for  stufling  mattresses.  On  trees,  gregarious,  very  com- 
luun^AU  islands. 

953.  T.  osiwcldeB,  L.  (v.  Old  Mini's  Bt'urd). 

FL  Mui-ch,  nirely.  Petals  giveuish.  On  shrubs,  common,  grega- 
rious.—All  islands. 

994.  Catopala  nutana,  Gris. 
FL  Jane-Ang.     Fctak  fleshy,  white.     Seeds  brown;  pappus  IJ" 


112  FLORA   OF  ST.   CROIX  AND   THE  TIROIN   ISLANDS. 

loii^,  white,  silky.    On  trees  and  rocks  on  liigh  hills,  not  uncommon. — 
St.  Thomas  (Signal  HiU,  Crown,  UOCK-loOO'). 
[Cultivated  Ki>ecies:  Atianassa  saticay  Liudl.  (v.  Pine-apple). 

955.  Musa  paradialaca,  L.  (v.  Pluntain). 

Fl.  May-Aug.  Fniit  eaten  only  boiled  or  fried.  Naturtilized  and 
cultivated,  but  rare. — ^AU  islands. 

956.  M.  sapientiom,  L.  (v.  Banana). 

FL  May-Xov.  Fruit  eaten  raw  or  fried.  Jfaturalized  and  cultivated 
everywhere,  occurring  in  several  varieties  (Bacuba,  Fig,  Lady-finger^ 
St.  Vincent  Banana,  etc.). — All  islands. 

SCITAinilVEiE* 

957.  Renealmia  sylTestxia,  QriB. 

Fl.  Aug.  In  forests  in  shady  and  moi»t  localities,  rare. — St^  Croix 
(Golden  Rock);  St.  Thomas  (Signal  Uill,  1400')- 

958.  Zingiber  ofiacinaUa,  Bosc.  (v.  Ginger). 

Fl.  Sept.  Naturalized  and  cultivated  in  forest  districts,  hero  and 
there.— St.  Croix;  St.  Tliomas. 

959.  Canna  indica,  L.  (v.  Imliiiii  Shut). 

V\.  all  (lie  year  round,  la  moist  places  and  near  dwellings,  not  iin- 
cominoM. — All  iisliiuds. 

960.  C.  LambertI,  Lindl.  (v.  Scarlet  TiHlian  Shot). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.    Naturalized  iu  gardens. — All  islands. 

961.  C,  edulis,  K<r.  (v.  T«ut-lo-iii(»is). 

Fl.  all  the  year  round.  Tubers  used  ior  jn'oducing  salep,  Xatiiral- 
i/.ed  :nul  eidtivate<l  along  livulets. — All  island.s. 

962.  Maranta  anmdlnacea,  I.,  (v.  AiTnw-r(M>t ). 

Not  sern  rioworing.  Tubers  yielding  the  best  kind  of  salep.  Nat- 
uralized and  cultivated  here  and  there. — All  islands. 

[Cultivated  sjieeies:  Al/tiithi  nfifunN^  Jlaf.  (v.  Shell-plant),  and  Citr- 
vkuki  loiKjfij  L.  (v.  Turmeric). 

963.  Liparls  elata,  hintll. 

Fl.  ,lune-l)('c.  JJraets  purple.  My  specimens  on  the  wliolo  Bome- 
what  snuiUer  than  the  x>icture  in  Bot.  ^lag.  t.  lI7o.    On  red  clay  lunong 


.^    — ..1. 


FLOBA   or   8T    CBOtX    AlH)   THE   VIRGIN    ISLANDS.  113 

'^  fin  lit^b  hm»,  !>•'".  ami  tltfre. — St.  Thomas  (Liliendal,  Bonne  Ueao- 

FL  Feb^Martili.    Tubers  cyliiulrical,  8mall.  aevenil-leaveft.    I^cavos 
T,   I,   ,  Ilfil,  pointed,  n»uclj  shorter  than  the  scape;  steiile 
.1.  ^L.iut,  jKiiutetl,  llorul  ones  siuuller;  Uo-wtuts  in  a  simple 
it%  3-4.     Perigom;il  iliviMions  lanc4X)lat«,  pointed,  neaily  coiitiiriii. 
Ijp  Alif;htly  adnatfl  to  the  coUmiu,  3-lobedj  lobes  roundcil,  the  two  lat- 
•-^  a  little  shorter  than  tlie  middh^  one.    Colmnn  amirle^l  l»elow 
UvT}  auricle*  t&miUl,  purple.    Ovorj'  linear,  striate,  j"  lonjj.    Al- 
to £.  acicuiare^  Bat«m.,  but  lejivca  BOveTal,  uiueh  shorter  than  the 
and  Iii»  broadly  3-lobed.    Leaves  5"-0"  long,  2'"  broad;  scAi>e 
"-«4"  hltfli,  »t!*ai;Ltht,     Peduix^les  J"  h>"K;  peri^mial divisions  gnMni- 
witb  brown  s^wts.  j"  lonjj;  lip  purple,  with  darker  stripes  and  u 
crest  in  the  middle,  }"  long:.    The  whole  plant  of  a  sonietinie-s 
;«T,  Aometimea  lighter  hue,  flowers  even  sometimes  quit^f  white.    On 

f    of  tree*  in  dry  thickets,  here  and  there. — St.  Thomas 

. ..  .=  :i,.., . .....cTj:). 

B.  blfldnm,  AnhL 
Fl.  Miiy-Oee,    On  trees  and  roek%  not  uncommon.— All  islands. 

Fl*  JnnivFob.    Flowers  fragrant.     Gregarious  on  rocks  and  old  trC4J- 
tlL»,  uummon.. — All  islands. 

>«7    IL  OOOhlMtum,  L.  {Ibit.  Ma£.  t.  151,  hw\), 

FL  April-lkfay.    On  ti^ees  in  forests,  rare. — St.  Croix  (Mount  Blagle, 
IS(K;  JACi^b's  i*Cftk,  950^). 

B.  pAMSflpSw. 
PI.  Joly-Aug.    I^eaves  distichous;  scape  compressed,  r-2'  high.    On 
rk»  \n  l«af  mould,  rar^,  on  high  hills.— Sr.  Thomas  (Signal  Ilill,  1500'). 

gra— uroU  oucnUata,  R.  Br. 

JurK'-CKlU    Gregarions  on  rocks,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (John  Bruce 

^' 

^aijMtJkchfm  hkteola«  ITiMik. 

FU  Miurb-Xov,     Flowers  often  cleistogamous  and  normid  on  th4y 

■        '    i  till!  samo  time.     Both  forms  yioUliu^'  good  scinIs. 

:  .   trw  trunk s,   not  uncoininmi  on  hills. — St.  Thoma* 

il  mp-LWO'). 

iiat.  Mat.  Ko.  13 8 


114  FLORA  OF  ST.   CBOIX  AHD  THE  TIBeiH 

971.  Onoidlam  Lemonianiun,  LindL 

Fl.  May-July.  Never  giving  fruit,  but  propagating  itsdtf  l>y  pi 
ducing  young  plants  from  buds  in  the  axils  of  the  sterile  bracts  bdo 
the  flowers,  wliicb  remain  in  connection  with  the  parent  plant,  sad tb 
often  forming  long  colonies  of  plants  &om  one  tre^  to  another.  Infi 
ests  and  thickets,  gregarious,  but  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Picara  Peniml 
Fortuua). 

(Tbe  lateral  sepals  in  my  specimens  being  distinct,  I  am  inclined 
retain  Lindley's  specific  name  instead  of  uniting  my  plant  with  0.  M 
jyetalum,  W.,  as  done  by  Grisebach.) 

972.  O.  Taziegatnm,  Sisr. 

Fl.  July-Octb.  On  rocks  and  trees  in  shady  places,  not  nncommoiL 
Virgin  Islands. 

973.  ProBcottla  myosiinu,  G.  Rclib. 

Fl.  March.  In  grass-fields  on  high  hills,  nncommoa. — St.  Thoa 
(Signal  nai,  1400'). 

974.  Splranthes  elata.  Rich. 

Fl.  Marcli.  Ix^avcs  de<;idiioiis  during  anthesis.  In  leaf-mould  on  14 
hills,  not  uncommon. — Virgin  Islands. 

975.  Stenorrhynchus  lanceolatUK,  Rich. 

Fl.  ^U\y.    Lfuvt's  (U»ciduous  during  anthesis.    Only  i'-V  high, 
cliiycy  soil  aiiionf^  rock.s  on  high  hills,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Signal  Hi 
*('rown). 

076.  Habenaria  maculoBa,  l.inrll. 

Fl.  Fob.  Spur  \"  long,  noetariforous.  In  pastures  on  high  hH 
ran.'.— St.  Tluunas  (Signal  Hill). 

977.  H.  alata,  Ihink. 

Fl.  Feb.  Si)ur  G'"  long,  nectariferous.  In  the  same  localities  as  fl 
prc't-edin;;,  ran*. — St.  Thomas  (Signal  Hill,  above  St  Peter,  1400'). 


VUatk  OF  01.  OBOIZ  AHD  THE  YIBGUl  ISLAKI)&  115 


IL   CRYPTOGAMiE   VASCULARES. 

LTCOPOOIACBA. 

VK  Xiyoopodlnsi  omranni,  Xi. 
Gngarioos  among  rockB  on  high  hills,  here  and  there. — St.  Thomas 
iCmm,  Signal  Hill). 

If9>  FMOotDn  til^iotni2i](  Sw. 

bahady  places  among  rocks,  not  uncommon. — St.  Croix  (Creqnis); 
flLlluBnaB  (Signal  Hill). 

FII.ICE8. 

NOt  0|dting1o— nm  rtttionlataiii,  L. 
Ib  pastures  under  rocks  on  high  hills,  not  uncommon. — St.  Thomas 
(Ckown). 

ML  Omnia  aonleata,  Bw.  (t.  Prickly  Fern), 
h  pafltores  on  high  hills,  here  and  there. — St.  Thomas  (Signal  Hill, 
«boTeStPeter^]300'). 

Hi.  Adfamtiim  ▼Ulommi,  L. 

Among  rocks  in  forests,  unconmion. — St.  Croix  (Crequis,  Vieques). 
Ml  a.  intennedlTini.  Sw. 

On  high  hills,  not  uncommon. — St.  Thomas  (Signal  Hill). 

^  A.  aloTOpbylliun,  Kaalf. 
Pngrant  in  the  morning.    In  dense  forests,  uncommon. — St.  Thomas 
(Clown). 

«ll  A.  tenemm,  Sw.  (t.  Maiden-hair). 
h  thickets,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

^A.IrasUe,Sw. 

b  the  same  localities  as  the  preceding,  uncommon. — All  islands. 

HT.  ranHantiiaB  mioropbylla,  Sw. 
8t  Croix  (West^  p.  313,  Benzon  in  Hb.  Havn.)j  St.  Thomas  (Ravn 
*>Hh.Havn.). 

""^HwtoVmglfoUa,  L. 
^W  lindets  in  finesto,  tare.— St  Croix  (Creriuis). 


116  FLORA   OF  ST.   CROIX  AMD  THE  YIBGnT  ISL1HD8. 

989.  P.  pedata,  L. 

Gregarious  in  forests,  here  and  there. — St  Thomas  (Signal  Hill,  near 
St.  Peter). 

990.  TaBiiitls  lanoeolato,  R.  Br. 

In  leaf-mould  on  rocks,  not  uncommon.— All  islands. 

991.  Antropbynm  Xineatum,  Eaalf. 

In  forests,  rare. — St.  Thomas  (St.  Peter). 

992.  Bleohnum  ooddentale,  L. 

Gregarious  in  pastures  and  forests,  veiy  common. — All  islands. 

993.  Chiyaodium  Tulgare,  F^. 

In  marshy  soil,  gregarious;  up  to  15'  high.  Not  uncommon.— 'All 
islands. 

994.  Hemlonitla  palmata,  L.  (t.  Strawberry  Fern). 

Propagating  itself  by  buds  from  the  serratures  of  the  frond.  Grega- 
rious in  shady  forests,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix  (Eliza's  Betreat);  St 
Jan  (Bogiers,  King's  Hill). 

995.  Oymnograiiune  calomelanoa,  Kaolf.  (t.  Silvery  Fern). 

On  hills  and  among  stones,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

Yar,  pumila.  Egg. 
Dwarfy,  cartilaginous.     On  old  walls,  here  and  there. — St.  Croix 

(Bodkin)  J  St.  Tliomas  (Cowell's  Battery). 

996.  Aeplenlam  Berratnin,  L. 

Frond  up  to  4'  long.  On  rocks  in  forests,  very  rare. — St,  Thomas 
(Signal  Hill,  1400'). 

997.  A.  firmum,  Kzc. 

St.  Thomas  (Grisob.  Syst.  Unters.  p.  134)  (A,  abscisttum,  W.). 

998.  A.  pnmilum,  Sw. 

On  clayey  soil  in  forests,  gi-egarious,  here  and  there St.  Tliomas 

(Matthis  Gut);  St.  Jau  (Itogiers). 

999.  ABpldimu  punctulatnm,  Sw. 

lu  forests,  not  uncommon. — St.  Thomas. 

1000.  A.  eemlcordatum,  Sn-. 

In  shady  localities,  not  imcommon. — Virgin  Tqland% 


FLOBA  OF  ST.  CROIX  AKD  THE  VIBGIK  ISLANDS.  117 

1001.  A.  patani,  Sw. 
In  forests,  here  and  there.~St  Croix  (Greqnis) ;  St.  Thomas  (Grown). 

lOOa.  A.  molle,  Sw. 

In  the  same  localities  as  the  preceding,  not  uncommon. — St.  Thomas 
(Signal  Hill). 

1O03.  A.  laTlmiii.  Sw.    a). 

In  shady  localities,  rare. — St  Croix  (Creqnis). 

10O#.  FoljpodiQm  tetzasomun,  Sw. 
In  forests,  not  uncommon. — All  islands 

1005.  p.  erenatnm,  Sw. 

St.  Croix  (West,  p.  313,  Benzon  in  Hb.  Havn.);  St.  Thomas  (Hb. 
Havn.). 

1006.  P.  uttmun,  L. 

On  dead  trees  and  rocks,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

lOOT.  P.  nwdatnm,  Thmib. 
In  thft  same  places  as  the  preceding,  but  rare. — St.  Thomas  (Crown). 

lOOBw  P.  Innlwwn,  Sw. 
St.  Croix  (West,  p.  313). 

1009.  P.  inoanum,  Sw. 

Among  roots  of  large  trees,  gregarious,  not  uncommon.    All  islands. 

1010.  P,  pUoMUoldea.  L. 

In  forests  and  jmstures  among  rocks  on  high  hills,  here  and  there. — 
St  Thomas  (Signal  Hill,  ISOCK). 

lOU.  P.  aexpeiUk  Sw. 

On  trees  and  rocks  on  high  hills,  rare. — St.  Croix  (top  of  Mount  Ea- 
«te,U50'). 

1012.  p.  Fli]rmtldl%  L.    a)  and.^)  repena. 

la  forests  on  rocks  and  trees,  not  uncommon. — All  islands. 

U13.  CTsthea  arborea,  Sw. 

Stem  12'-16'  high,  3"  diam.  In  forests  on  high  hills,  rare.— St.  Thomas 
(Crown,  western  slope,  liOCK;  Caret  Bay  Gut).* 


120 


INDEX. 


Pbro.    [ 

AristolocbiB  animtrlda 96  >  BIGNOXIACEA 

tritoItaU ftS  i  BfU^OiBM 

ARISTOLOCHIACRffi SS  ,  Bird  Pepper 

AliOlUEiE 98  ' 

Am>w-root 112 

x\rthrt)st3ii(lluin  capillUbllum 101 


TO    ' 


Artocarptm  Im-ifia M 

ASCLKPIADACJifi 70 

Attcli-pias  curasaarica 70  ' 

nivea 70  j 

AHb.BttttT 38  ; 

ASFAIIAGINACE^ 110 

Aspidium  iiiTlfitiia 117  | 

niollo 117 

pat(>ns 117 

pauctulatum 118 

Hcmicordatum 116 

Anplenimn  flnuum 116 

pumilum llfl 

st^rratum 110 

Atlfr  rhinenni 67 

AUKAXTIACE.E 86 

Avicvnnitt  nitida 84. 116 


t«iT»trDto»a . 

Aynniii  piiAilla 

Bnas-fnim  Iwoni 

Bacrharis  VablU 

Bai'liflnr'n  ItuttoD 

BallcHiD-viut* 

JWIsiiu,  GarilvD 

rnsMia 

IVnfiuin 

Balnamtua  Iiurtt-iiHiR. . 
11ALSAMI.VACK.E.. 

Bull)  Ikki< 'line 

Jiaiiilxitui  vnl;;Hriti 

Banana 

Biillrri:i  lupulillll 

Itanttw,   FallfU 

BiiJ.t.ird  (tiiava 

MaluiiTiiny  .-- 

lUrttanliii  viKi'iiNi 

Ibtiin  iiiiiritiiuu 

liatla-liiitla 

J>aii)iiU)a  Iiitiiciit4m.t . . 
uii;:iilii 

r^.vtiow.r 

(JraMf* 

I..-nf 

Siilli.- 

Vim- 

JUmi.  llnrH.--. 

i;.it 

Whit.; 

Il.-.t    

Il<-L:'niia  IiimiilU. 

ni:(;<iMA<i:.i: 

iJ.iijt|.i.i.- 

ItiLipcnrnt-  iii-tiHirosa. 

B.»v.- 

/;.•.',(  rul'j'trif 

Uciirnrii»  wufMil'-ntn. 
Jliddis  Lipiiiw"*"" 


a:: 
59 

64 

86 
35 

80 
81 
80 
36 
36 
101 
101 
U-' 
w 

OG 
.12 

4r. 

yy 
i*fl 

87 

47 

4W 


07   , 

71  ; 

4(! 
44 

m  \ 

(Mi  , 

Titi 

W> 


Bbom , 

Bltlar-wh 

Buh 

Gobie 

GnM 

BiuOrellaiuk 

BIXAC££ 

Black  Anwret 

Culabatb 

Cbeny 

Mcku* 

P«pper,  WOd 

Torch 

WiUie 

BHark-ejo  Pm 

Bleohniun  Bminirl 

occidcntaltt.. 

BlistcT-lcaf 

Blood-Toot 

BhiuViDe 

BocrhaaviA  crcctib 

ItaniculaU 

BOMBACE^ 

Bonny  Via •, 

BoniiadapbDoidca. 

BOKAGINACEX 

Bont-ria  inrvidora. 

atricta 

vvrtliillata 

Bonrirhia  arboreacraa 

Jlunchoa  Elircuberffti 

Jtovfjainnllea  upectahilis 

i'tciuHsiiicuiiltia  lKim-llui(li>ii 

JUmtfldUU  liticioMA 

Ihiwrr 

BiixwoimI 

Brai-hyrhaniphuH  iutybuvrus. 

J'.nm  XcttU' 

Jlra^wiivolu  niculliitA 

liraanini  nUTurea 

lln>aill'i'iiil-trct' 

Bnakl.m 

BriHfM'l.-t 

r.mmvlia  Piiisiiin 

BIIOMELIAC.'KJ; 

ItDHtni.  M-liitf-Iifinl 

l.rtMim-wiKKl 

llniiiCtlniu  nincriruiia 

Iirvogili>lIiiT]i  calvcimmi 

ltii('i«l:i  liiuTraiJ 

liuU-siirk.i-H  


r.uUy  Wo(«l. 

IiuiiifliiV  ciiiK-ata 

lliiiii'liDsiu  Swart/iaiia. 

l\\iuya 

Vim'Amrt\i 

Viuviiiii'^  \.ov(' 


"iX  ,  \\(\rT  llr.ins 

■"i^j  \  V.\\\lott-*ww\ 

-i"!! ,  t\iYtt*\aWu 


INDEX 


Thei 


in  iloNcf  ue  those  of  the  caltiT&ted  plants  of  the  iaUnda. 


Page. 


OKhna  rsenuoBtiu 

nnmalifirhia 

30 

43 

oa  inAleiiB 

30 

liCDnnm 

30 

pal|doellbUiim 

vmbdlatiua 

kanMf* 

20 

28 

48 

Catechn 

..-___           AH 

frondrrM ^o 

l«bbek 

48,  58 

HUHTacaBttaa. 

48 

BodtSon 

4S 

HmmtMft 

48 

tnfftanaa     

48 

nte  cteaadrilblia 

91 

VTHACEiB 

BO 

iiiailMa  MnfiTa  . 

84 

80 

«dUlam«UctfbUiiin 

Ht^diaitaU  

88 

SI 

4S 

Mi«fri|[no 

US 

iaMcmcdlnm 

■fcnmhvUuiB 

115 

115 

tenenim 

115 

TfUomn  

115 

^hBiMrtfaiioaula 

thyMiKBR  auerieaaa 

MijCmUflon 

84 

42 

42 

iTManlrann    , ,     . , 

100 

whoUfm 

100 

mtoBiouayuidM 

63 

91 

iiUUCKA 

07 

imadrntaOMrtiaa 

iptorPMT 

70 

88 

iMiVhite  .„. 

B4 

mtptmlotmm 

no 

BiaiDoK 

45 

MBd-tM 

54 

tTdi^rii 

108 

pktftfiodon 

84 

uJiaafOM 

112 

nottktra  Achyrantha 

ftcrfUea 

poljgoiioklea 

ffff  rtiM 

86 

86 

88 

31 

danoa  nstBaUa 

43 

MtAXTAfTKffi 

86 

*"-*— aaalenlahM 

«7 

■plwaai R7 

ttlada ..,.                   m 

48 

Atnarctsteckel 48 

AmaryllU  cqueBtria 100 

tublBpatha 110 

Amblojtyne  poly^moides 87 

Ambroala  art«3DiBia>folia 04 

AMENTACE* 90 

Amnuinnla  latifolia 54 

AMPELimSJE...' 39 

Ani>TlB  Bylvatloa 40 

Anacardlum  occldentalo 41 

Anamomia  punctata 5S 

Ananaua  tativa 112 

Anathemm  blcome 100 

Andira  InurmU 45 

AndropogoD  aaccfaaroidea 100 

SehagnanthvM 100 

Anctfanm  pHToolens GO 

Anguria  glonierata S9 

trilobata 55 

An!ae G9 

Anona  laurifolla 23 

muricata 23 

paluBtria 23 

roticolata 23 

aqnnmnBa 23 

ANOXACE^ 23 

AnthacanthiuJiuiialrcDsta 81 

inicrophyllas 81 

aplnoHUB 81 

Anthpphora  elopana 105 

AQtheryllum  Eohrii 54 

Anthriacut  Ctrffolium SS 

Authudiim  curdlfulium 08 

IluemtlU 08 

macruphyllam 98 

Antifjonon  ct/rdatum 8S 

Aiitrophyum  lineatam 1 10 

Apium  graveolent 58 

ATOCYNACE^ 69 

Apple.  BoU 06 

Chlgp?r 33.57 

Ciuturd 23 

Maid 5.> 

Monkey Zt 

Pino Ill 

Star 67 

Sngar 2:* 

ArarhiHhyiM>(nca 43 

AIIALIACE-E. BO 

Anliitfu  coriacca 97 

A  rgi'tatiui!  lucx  Icann 24 

Arg^Ttithurouia  caudicons 81 

fiiaciciilata 01 

AiiatldaatriuU 101 


120 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Ariatolochia  anmiicida 96 

trilobata 90 

ARISTOLOCHIACE^ 95 

AROIDE^ 98 

AiT»w-root »...  112 

Arthrofltylidiuin  capillifollum 101 

ArtocarpDs  incffta M 

A8CLEPIAI>ACE^ 70 

AsclepioA  cnrassavica 70 

aivea 70 

Ash,  Bitter 88 

ASPARAGINACE^ 110 

Aflpidium  invisuiii 117 

mollo 117 

pat«ni 117 

pnnctaUtuiD 116 

Mmicordatnm 116 

Aspleniom  flrmnm 116 

pumilum llfl 

sernitum 116 

Atttr  chinensit 67 

AUrvANTlACE^ 86 

ATtcvunlanitidA .84,118 

tomentoea 84 

Ayc-niapiutlla 82 

Boos-fhim  Ifoom 50 

BacthariaVahlU 64 

nachelor's  nutton 86 

BallooD-Tine 85 

Balaam,  Ganlcn 80 

PiisaU 81 

PeD);uln .  80 

BalnaTninn  burt«DsiH 36 

IJA  LSAiUNACli  Ji 36 

HuuilMioCoun 101 

Ifciiubusa  vulgaris 101 

Itniiima llli 

Bin  li-riii  Iupulin» HU 

Bnrn»w,  l''ulltii  60 

lluHtanI  (iiiava W 

Maliofpiny 45 

Bafitanlia  vi»i.-ona 30 

Dntiit  niuritima 80 

IkiltalHitta 87 

lluiihiuia  tnniontixm 47 

uuf^ula 48 

Kay  (lowor 28,86 

O  niHB 102 

Xx'af 52 

Sallic 07 

Vine 71 

Bean.  n»rw> 40 

Rat 2:. 

White 44 

Boct 80 

B«'i:(>iiiii  ImmiliH 90 

11K(H)NIACK^ m 

lU\la\>\}lv WI 

ll«-li'|"'ni!ic  nt-morosa 80 

JVnv«< M 

ISfta  i-H/jori* 80 

liiMirrtTia  siu'ciiloiita 74 

JlidcuH  blpiuDUtiin 65 

U'liviiiit  tiuB 65 

'     ^nonlaafiiiiDuftlaUa 79 

luignia 79 


BIGNONTACEJB 

BUlyGrmaa 

Bird  Pepper 

Biaom 

Bltter-aah 

Bnah 

Gobie 

Graaa 

BizaOrellanft 

BIXACRffl 

Block  Amaret 

Calabaah 

Cherry 

Xickars 

Pepper,  Wild 

Torch 

"Willie 

Black-eye  Pea 

Bleohnum  Bromiei 

occidcDtole 

BliBtor-leaf 

Blood-nwt ] 

Blue  Tine 

Boerhaavia  er«ct» 

panloulala 

BOHBACE^ 

BoQoy  Via -. 

Bontia  daphnoidoB 

BORAGINACKiE 

Bon-eria  parvidoni 

atriota 

rerticiUata • 

Borrirliia  arboreaceiia • 

Boiifbca  Klircnbrrffii I 

Jiou^ainriUea  tpfftabiiit '■ 

BotiHHingatilt  ia  liuwlloidfa ' 

Bnutc'loualitifriutta I' 

BowtT ( 

Boxwooi) I 

Itrachyrliampbus  intybac<'UB * 

Bmu  Xeltlo ! 

BniKHiivuIii  ruciinata U 

Bratiica  oleraeea • 

Jtifadfruit-lree • 

Brt-akbUl « 

IlriBStUt 3 

Broini-lin  Pinpiin 1' 

BKO-MKLIACK.K U 

BnHini,  M-biti'-bcad * 

Bnmin-wooil ' 

ItniiifcUia  amerirana ' 

Bryoiphyllnni  calyciunm * 

Buc-ida  lincfraH " 

BiiU-sm-ktTH •■' 

ViR 3 

BiiUy  WmMl • 

BtitoWia  runouta * 

Bunvlnwia  SwQi-t/.inDa ' 

Biiitya * 

Biir-bimli 

BiiniinK  I<ove 

Biirr(iniHH '* 

Biirw-rs  jiummlffra 

BCTTXEHIACE.E ' 

ButtOU-WlNMl 

BuxuaVablii * 


INDEX. 


121 


■Mft 

84 

waXm 

u 

!^:::;::;:;:::;:::::;:::::  « 

itata 

IM 

^:;::::;;;;::;:;;: : : ::  « 

« 

60 

, 67 

kbrrrfma    

46 

44 

■  .................... 

24 

rk. 

70 

?:;::;::;;;:;;;:;;:;;::::::  ™ 

ibr 

00 

tHM.. . 

00 

tmrmtwm  , 

00 

krupllloiltn  , , 

00 

w ., 

83 

rtwtimiaft   

40 

man* 

40 

40 

(nvlftta 

84 

■ ...................... 

■     100 

nnlaia 

100 

Ualain 

84 

KCTft.. ....... ......... 

70 

iChjrtnenU* 

rfllKH..  ..,     .     . 

- 60 

60 

Thfliwuluui  , 

BO 

dtete 

45 

wUoUft 

45 

rriflom 

.  .           45 

(fpMfn 

47 

V.............. ......... 

_   .    . .      iiti 

Og 

ai 

Rxe 

77 

iia 

_-       119 

•rd 

112 

ue 

70 

&C££ 

24 

Ffri^fff^ 

25 

•oplulkvbon 

mIom 

25 

26 

>lH>Mfl.       . 

25 

rnnwft 

25 

c« 

78 

ACE^ 

__        na 

iwcB tn 

Katom 

;;:..::  7;  1 

In 

70  ; 

itveoH 

76 

urn  HaUcMabum 

■SftnmuTian 

35 

35 

%. .,., 

M 

rji 

"^ACKff! 

27 

rIMta 

•  •                 26 

ittan 

•>« 

"tttota                                          20 

*•>>■>■....                   ..■>>                   49 

60 

Page. 

CasaaTft 02 

Cassia  alata 47 

angnatlailiqiia 4? 

baciUaris 47 

bicapsoUris 47 

bifiora. 47 

Fistula 46 

florida 47 

glanduloaa 47 

grandls 40 

nicticans 47 

obtusifolia 47 

occideatalis 47 

CnnKytadinK^rkiiQiL 80 

Castela  erecta 88 

Citstor-on  tree R2 

Camiarina  eqnlsetifolia 06 

Cat-claw ; 70 

CiLtoJj^alnDg'tKiliqua 70 

Cfttc'h-aurt-krep         48 

CaUabnapiuTiilura 60 

CntopfllH  nutans Ill 

Catttta                70 

CetmjiiflpeltjaCft M 

C*Har                  70 

CELASTItACE^ 30 

Olfry                   » 

Celo^  argeDtea 80 

nttlda 80 

Celtis  acoleata 04 

trinervla 04 

CciK^bniJit  pi'liinatuB 103 

C<?nTl.|ri<^-root .            37 

Outriiar-marlrj^xiliilium 44 

LVpbalnxLtiTu  ili<li<'u  55 

Ccreus,  KlAht-bloomtDg 67 

Cereus  annatuB 57 

flocfUMaa 67 

grandittoms 67 

vionoelonoi 58 

perurianut 68 

rhyUanthut 68 

repandut 68 

ti-iaugolaris 67 

Cestnun  fUumum 78 

laurifoliani 7(1 

noctumom 78 

r  hi)  Til  1^941:1  »1lJ-<M)iitii 80 

CbaDEcablo  liibiscas..., 31 

Cheilanthes  microphylla 113 

^.FJKXiJPtJlMACE.E M 

Chcnopodium  ambrosioidi-s 85 

mutttle 83 

Cherry 34,41 

Black 52 

("brUtmaH 62 

Surinam 52 

"WUd 34 

Chprvil 50 

ChevaUifra  linguluta Ill 

Chlchrry  (irupu "5 

Chipger-ai)j>I« 33, 37 

Chincsv  Kouo 31 

CbiocotTCa  JV,euoi>A 01 

Cliione  glabra 61 

Chlorls  cUiiiU US 


122 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Chloria  eletulnoidea.... 102 

ndlata 102 

Cfaooo.. M 

Chziatnuu-btish 63 

Cherry 62 

Pride: 80 

CHBTSOBALASACE.f: 60 

ChT^Bababujiui  Joaco 60 

Clii^'^iodJuu  Tulguv 110 

Clirysogoniun  (llrbotcniDZD, * 60 

CbO'H^hylliimCainlto 67 

gUbmm 67 

miorophyUnm 67 

oliTifcnme 67 

pftaoiflomm 67 

Cbn<M!hno S4 

Cbnrch-fioT^er 00 

Ciboule 110 

Cinnuioiniiin  iriluiooin. 88 

Ciuuanidn^bush 63 

Clpnnk  pUi'jkln Ill 

CiBaampi'loa  rDTtiIra 24 

CiMiuacid* 89 

BlcyoldM 89 

trifoUftta It9 

Gittaarexylom  olneraum 83 

qiudr«ngnlai« 83 

Tinoamn 84 

Citron 80 

CitniUu$  vulgarit 66 

Citrus  Aurantlnm 86 

bnxlfoUa 86 

decamana 86 

medica 36 

Clanhi-malBt 73 

Cleome  pentapbylla 24 

pungeDB 25 

TJBCOsa 25 

Clerodendron  oculeatam 84 

fragruns 64 

Clidemla  hirta 53 

rubra 53 

npicata 63 

Clitoria  Tomatea 44 

Cloaia  alba 33 

rosea 33 

Cocc«loba  diversi  folia 88 

Klotzsrbiana 88 

Ktintbtana 88 

laurifulia 88 

leoganensls 88 

nivca 88 

obtusifolia 88 

pnnctata 88 

rapoNa > 88 

uvifi-ra V8 

CoccnluB  doroiDgcDslB  24 

Cocke 81 

Cocon-Qut  tn>o 100 

Cocoa-plam 50 

Tiw 32 

Cocoa  niiclfrra 100 

Codiaum  variegaUtm 94 

Coffeaarabica 61 

Coffee-troe 61 

Cois  Laeryma 106 


ColcnR  anibobilf  Dfl 

ColuUriiiA  fi^mig^iauia  .....>■■ 

rccUimta 

COMBlRETACEJS 

CoEninelyiia  caxeanenaU 

filcglDI  .... 

f  "OMKE  LTSJl  CEM 

ComocLndJa  UlcLfolia 

CnwJnlla  ftTR-u. , 

n>MFEIL£ 

CniwKairpuftt'rMtii- 

CO  N  TOLT  UL  ACEiE 

ConvolTulnaJaiiuiioensia 

matntinna 

melanoatictua... 

nodiflorua 

pentanthna 

aagtttifer 

Tenenatiu 

Cookia  punctata 

Cotjuellcot 

Coral-boab 

Corcbortw  acatangnliia 

htrantaa 

hirtna 

aiUqnOfliis 

Cordia,  Scarlet 

CordU  alba 

Collocooc* 

oyliadrtotacbya 

Qeraaoantbtu 

globoM. 

IsvtfCata 

martinicenBls 

Ditlda 

Si'bcBtena 

sulcata 

ulmifolla 

Com,  GiiiDfa 

jDfliau 

Cosmos  caudatas 

Cott«n-tn?o 

Covroupita  ffitianentit 

Conrwctia  arbor«>a 

Cow-Hcb 

Cnib-prickle 

Cracca  cariba>a 

Crnne'd  Xork 

CRAssrLArK.T: 

Oi'mrtDium  amy^dalluam  — 

('TTivbrljiiiinr         

Crt'sccntitt  rurarbitina 

Cgtte 

Cn-RH  

Crinum  eniI>e«C(>nB 

^i/fanUutn 

CromtM'TTy 

CroNuindra  fnfnQdibullformls. 

Crutolaria  inranii 

latifulia 

n-tuRa. 

•       vcmn-oaa 

Croton  astmitoa 

iM'tTiHuiia 

discolor 

flaveiiB 


INDEX. 


123 


Page.  , 

DicUptoraadsnrgeiw 8i 

DfeffenbttohU  Segulne 08 

BigiUrUflllfomiis 103 

marglnala 100 

•etigera ]i4 

Dildo B7 

DiU 60 

DILLENIACRffi 23 

Diodl»  rigid* es 

aanneutou 92 

BloMorea  alAta 110 

BltiMlma no 

piloafnHiilft 110 

DTOSCOREACE^ 110 

I>i;»bo1u  HftlicLfoUu       ..- 08 

XlSplocbitB  BorralAtA, 63 

Dbstictifl  IttPtiflotn   79 

l>iHtrE<pt(i»splca.tua 63 

IMTi^vi 4« 

Dodoniea  TisooM 86 

XiOfC  AlDiund         45 

DogwfKKt 45 

DoUchM  Lablab 44 

tetquiptdaUt M 

tpkegrotpermui fiO 

X>rfpAni>ciu:paaliuiattif 45 

iDnrxuarlD  wrdfttB 27 

Diyp«tec  glanoft 90 

IflBTigata 90 

Dnolc-weed 93 

Dadeldn 46 

BuiiibCane  ..H>. 98 

!t>qruBta  PlutolAri 84 

£iLHr  rnilia  Thjiue 81 

EiiE^ACE^          68 

Ik-hinodnnm  cordLfoHDH 97 

£^liit€.'9nf:f;Iutill»ta 60 

Wbat* 70 

circinalia 69 

nrriandra 09 

subereota B9 

EcUptaalba 64 

Edil"  in-wtwd.                40 

Efrupljuit                    78 

lS,0^te*  iloming'T'TjMB- 06 

£lir(i(lt*[idtx>n  lylouarpum 89 

£ltphruit«pui  muUU 63 

EU'tiHiUf  iB^Uca 102 

EmiliA  eagitteto 66 

Banchlfolia 60 

English  Flantain 85 

Epldendnim  bifldnm 113 

cillmro 113 

oochloatam 113 

patcDB  113 

■nbteqnalo 113 

Eragroatis  ciliaris 101 

poffioidea 101 

Erecfathites  hleracifoUa 60 

Erigeron  oanadenals 64 

oooeifoliu* 63 

Bpatbulatua 63 

Briochloa  punctata 104 

Eriodundron  anfractuotom 31 

ETiUuOis  Antlooaa Cl 

odoiUera *• 


124 


IKDEX. 


GrDodeAlltoialia 83 

Kryngium  foetidam M 

Erythrina  CoraUodeDdnm 45 

horridA 45 

ERTTHROXTLACBa: 84 

Erythroxylnm  areolatum 34 

brevlpe* M 

oTstum 34 

EagenlaaoetoMiia SI 

axilLiris 61 

bnilfoU* 60 

fiaTOTirau 61 

floribond* 52 

glabrate 61 

;                lateriaon 61 

Ugnatrina 02 

I               marginata M 

mioraiitbA 62 

I               utoatioola 61 

pallens 61 

Poiretil 61 

portorioeiuda 62 

prooei* 62 

psendopalditun 62 

aeasiUflora 61 

nniflora 62 

Tirgaltow 61 

Enpatoriam  atripltcUbUnm 09 

Ayapana 63 

caneBccnt 83 

cnneifoUiun 88 

odoratom 83 

rcpandmn 63 

Euphorbia  antiqwmim M 

articalata 03 

bnxifi.lia OT 

cotinifoUa 93 

Ki-Diculitta . .' 93 

hptprophjlla 93 

bypfricifolia 93 

nt'riifolift 93 

put  iolHriu 93 

piluliff  ra 93 

proHtrata 93 

piiVherrinia 94 

apU'UiU'UH 94 

« hyni  Ifolia 93 

EUPnORBlACE^ 90 

Kuxolus  caiidatus 87 

ulcraceua 87 

Evolrulus  liuirollufl 73 

mucrunatus 73 

namTDularlna 73 

Eii'fwaria  LaanxiTaAtiH 02 

Ex<mt«>mma  cariba)imi 60 

Kyobriiiht 7r» 

1  .ktJJiiMiL  mJi'riJ|j|]^11jt 38 

I'jiiry  Ivx                  71* 

I'jtniiiiciiimluniliwiiiDa 01 

Katton  Bamiw 06 

>'i-n)iilc  Karatl 109 

FiDUfl 69 

Fim,  Prickly 115 

Silvery 116 

Strawberry 110 

FiemCariea 06 


Fleas  craaafaierriA. 


IcTigata 

lentiginoaa 

podimeiiia* 

populBM 

trigtmat* 

FIddlewood 

ng-tre©   

riLICKS 

Fire-weed 

ripclKTLi  f^ntnclfui 

Flamboyant .4^1 

FlatGraaa 

Flem. 

Fif  ur^rn  a^vtrmae 

FldJ'WiljOME..      

Fomuru'um  rulgcr* 

Forbidden  Frntt 

Forestlerm  pomloaa 

Foarcroya  cabenaia 1 

Four-o'clock 

Franchipani 

FreucbGraaa IM^l 

Pbyaio-nnt 

Prickly  Pear 

Te» 

Pnatlo 4 

Oalactla  flUfoimia 

t«nuiflOTa 

G-alphltniaglauc^i 

Gttnlt-a  Balsam      

Of  &]pM  americanat 

G vifYl\ ila  f  cnifnl-mii 

QtoTi^na  TVrfti^'iif    

GliRANtACE.iE    

€min\v7n 

GEi^NtRLACEj; 

(iimit  'J'hiboCtrp* 

Uinijtr 1 


Gainea 

Stooe 

Goat-weed 

Goblo 

Golden  Condlt'sl  tck 

((■■tiijilirtnu  jjlobgRa 

Gf»ni:i:»rii-tiiint       

(.ii>[j;ji1i.^u  Edpicala 

(;0(lDEXOVIACK.E.. 

GeoAi'lHrry 

Stirinam 

GosBypium  barbudcnao. 

vitifolium . . 

GonADla  domin^MtMin. . . 

GKAMIXACE.E 

Oninni  Vine 

Grape,  Chic-hery........ 

.Sta 

GraptophyUum  hartenw. 
Gnitis.  lluy 

ItiUy 

Bittor 

Burr 

Cutting 

nat 

I^vnch 


INDEX. 


125 


Page. 

105 

101 

104 

100 

106 

105 

107 

109 

103 

Ill 

104,105 

104 

; 103 

60 

64 

57 

46 

48 

43 

» 87 

40 

no 

1 36 

62 

62 

: 52 

82 

1 23 

83 

i» eo 

60 

! 46 

wIU 46 

■pennft 46 

106 

00 

105 

, 81 

85 

83 

HDcilanM 116 

114 

a 114 

^teehlanum 46 

36 

101 

»7 

08 

60 

60 

npbyllam 63 

rownel 45 

i«m 40 

f 67 

oaU 32 

75 

iMTkum 75 

oMum 75 

vm 75 

noroiB  •••..............•  73 

pfmurn 75 

^ 118 

tyvUet 78 

» 78 

78 


Page. 

HeteropteriB  parpnrea 95 

HibiBcoa,  Changeable 81 

Hibisou  brasUiensia 81 

olypeatua 30 

mvUMbUia 81 

phoeniceua 81 

£o»a-9inenti* 81 

Sabdarlflb 31 

Titifolliu 30 

fiipponuuie  Mancinella 93 

Hog-ptum 40 

HoUowatock .....' 28,82 

Hollyhock 81 

HolnukjottUa  $angwin«a 84 

HonKloot , 45 

Honey-suckle 69 

Hopa,wl]d 82 

Horse-bean 46 

Grass 10* 

Horsc-radlsh-tree 25 

Soyaeamota 70 

Bafelandia  pendola 89 

Hare  crepitans 92 

nrDROCHAKIDACE^ 97 

HTDROLEACEiE 78 

HymeiuBa  Coorbaril .47 

Hyptia  capitata 83 

pectlnata 82 

suaveolena 82 

TerticUlata 82 

Ibatia  marioata 70 

Indian  Com 106 

Kale 99 

Shot 113 

TndlgD-berry 56 

Indigofera  Anil 42 

tinctoria 42 

Ingalaorina 50 

lonidlum  strictum 26 

Ipecaouana 70 

Ipomcca  acuminata 72 

arcnaria 72 

aaarirolia 72 

BaUtas 71 

Bona-nox 70 

carnea « 71 

coccinea 73 

diasecta 71 

fustigtata 71 

fllifurmis 72 

•               HorsfuUiiB 73 

Learii 73 

luucaotha 71 

Kil 72 

pcntAphyUa 71 

])es-rapnu 7L 

purpurea 72 

QunmiH-lit   72 

fjuinqutf  folia 71 

(iuiu<|iicpurtita ••.  7J 

rfpanda 72 

tiliac^ 73 

triloba 71 

tritiuotra 73 

Tuba 70 

tubcrosa 71 


IKDEX. 


127 


FUto. 


wad. 


brri^Utu 

Inm  divmrieatiua. 

kdeHoUea 

JMACEA 

pcTTiraw 

iM. 

M»o«» 

»  atttiaangnbwiu. 


pyramldato. 

tunraUMft ., 


CB3IACE£. 


la  psrvf  floniBi 

BcUeelitcBdAlU , 


28 
S8 

M 


34 
87 
03 
92 
64 
41 
41 
54 
M 
92 
74 
01 
29 
00 
112 
08 
80.32 
81 
24 
25 
88 
79 
80 
80 
M 
65 
S3 
86 
86 
85 
67 
67 
32 
32 
33 
65 
24 
82 
67 
70 
70 
88 
63 
63 
53 
53 
53 
85 
54 
(O 
68 

eo 

48 
48 
48 
82 
87 
27 
27 
27 
56 


Page. 

Honkpy-iqiple 23 

Monkey's  Hand 06 

Morinda  cltrifoUa 61 

If oringa  ptetyEOBperma 25 

^iiri^ouinamfTiiaLaa 25 

Mi'kmiDj^-^tfiTj 72 

AlountBh)  Cabba^ 300 

^oiiriria  duming^Aili 63 

MucTEDapmriuis       ^ 45 

AIu1i'-we«i 64 

Aiwerajta  ATvtim 37 

Ma^ajiiftrarlifiiaca 118 

anpivutiiua 113 

IfUSACE^ 118 

Hnscatinut 88 

Mnskmelon 66 

Muat««l,Wild 24 

JttiirLoa-ciirmnbisr 66 

Uyginda  latifuUa 30 

pallcii9 88 

MTOPORACK.F. 84 

^yn'iji  cotiaLirA            ......................  60 

M.^Tw«ia  turbiiuiia,     81 

U^-Foiiipt?miiim/itLt4.-f«eiLi 46 

mVk^IXACE^ 67 

MYRTACBiE 60 

Myrtle 63 

Kock 62 

Martha  ccinmttaii 63 

Nnuin  JulimJi^t'nitbi 78 

^'lUMtriiumolli^umlo 24 

NecUndTaantillana f>0 

coriacea 88 

membnuacea 89 

Nepsera  Bfinatloa 53 

Nc]>tuiiia  jmbviKeil* 48 

Ktirium  Oleander 69 

JTeMIo 02 

Bnm 02 

>'ickars.  Black 46 

Grey 46 

YiUow 40 

KicotLinaTubacuni TO 

Nigbtbloiinung  Ccreua 67 

Koyau  Vine 71 

Nut,  Ground 43 

NutGrasa 107 

MoiK-at 38 

Katmcg 53 

NYCTAGIN"ACE.F. 87 

NifetantAt*  Hambae 08 

>'vraphata  ampin     24 

KTMPa.EACE.^ 24 

ObJo[Li>  ehfttata 85 

Ocimum  Itattilicum 81 

mli'nmtbum 81 

Ogiora  ruderalin W 

Okm   30 

OLArACE.K 38 

Old  Man  li  Jkunl Ill 

UlUcubuidiu  nillitrli-hitiidvfl 60 

curymbosa 60 

OLEACE^ 08 

01>Ta  iBtifolia 101 

ONA(iItAA(:K/E SI 

OocUlium  Lemuuinnum ■ U4 


130 


INDEX. 


Eejnoslalatlfolla 40 

mucronata 40 

BUAMXACE^ 40 

Ithizophora  McnKle 54 

KHIZOPHORACE^ M 

Ithiifl  ontiUona 41 

BliynclicjsLa  miniina 43 

pliuseolofdea 44 

TotlculatftA. 44 

ShynrfaoBpora  pnra 166 

pu»Ulft }08 

BU-liK-Ua  podniiculosa 91 

KU'tniiH  c<iuuDunUi 02 

Kivluu  iHtviH 85 

octandra 85 

KwhrfortUi  aoantbophora 74 

Kmk-iiiyrtlp 62 

Km-h»ut 88 

RnutMctia  pilosa 00 

Sow  centifolia 50 

yaltica 50 

UOSACK-* SO 

KiHH>,  ChluvM 81 

Kowmary 82 

KuM>W(>od 74 

Kvtiiiarinut  oficiaalU 82 

lltinam 25 

l!niiHm>lta  liii>palttcc>a 05 

KrniA<'E.K 60 

ltm>UUt  wtrt'iH-nii 80 

tubenwa 80 

Ituuifx  rrtifnriuM 88 

Kiiimiii}:  * IraM 103 

lliilipiu  ntNli'lIiUu 06 

lii'sitliit  JHncra "0 

la  T.\ri:,K 37 

Siiliiiifii  tliuUlii 4- 

NiHi  liiu'uiii  ((rtlriiiarmii 100 

S,iii.-    ^ 

Sau"  I'lilni y7 

M  .1.111  (iniHrt Ill 

h.il.Ml 07 

Uil.l CO 

^jlh.    Itii.v ff" 

•'*.l|vU(  l-IK't'illl-ll    ftJ 

(II  ( i«li'iit,iliH 8J 

.-.i-.tiiia 82 

I.-1..IU        82 

ftiiiiii.'i,  II,  ii'i'irn r»9 

>.iiij',<t.i  ;;l..l>i;it;i          'JO 

».  iiiiliiiu 26 

.v,i,.n,..>  II..     lr_> 

f*.niiii I   \.ii«*w ;w 

.'>.ti.  -•  ^  li  I.I   ;.'tjili<  •  li-li- Ill) 

>   i.r..  M..iut      :U 

^.\j-jM)A''r:.i-.      r. 

>.i|i:i.il>i-  111.1  i|ii.i|]>    ;•.'■ 

.-.;i...l.i  .\<l.i,i>     fiT 

.vi.|.  j..vv).,i, fin 

>.\I'iH  .\'"J..K li7 

*•■•"••— 'I'lIilUH  Ill«>>M|i  i    7« 

(Uoiit    ;w 

IUii>  li 07 

iia  71 

iuit  SL.jI  112 

Jl'llli.'M  1  liH        39 


ScbmldcUa  oecidcntalla. 
Srhcepfla  atlwrceciiiB. .. 

Sdipiu  lirUoUlcB 

oapitatoB 

foirajdiieiu 

mntatos 

Bodulouii 

I  Bubdlstichna. .. 

I  SCITAMDfKE 

Scleria  flliformte 

pratcnsis 

■cfBdcnii 

I  Selerocarpusafricanni.. 
I  Sctpropua  ■maTontoiilea 
I  ScotowDthiu  Tcnlcolor. 
I  Scoparta  dulclt 


Scratch-throat. 


I  Screw  Pine 

I  SC'ROPHULABIACR£  ... 

]  Scnitber 

I  Sea-RTape 

'  Sea-Iavendor.... 

I  SebMtlimia  lucida 

'  Stehium  tdvU , 

I  Securidaca  Brovnei 

I  erecta , 

Sccniinefia  acidothamaiut  . . 

:  Scmporvivio 

,  Seijanla  ladda 

''  iSetamumorUutalt 

'  SeHluiDiA  •eiinv 

,  SeAuvium  portulacastnmi  .. 

Sctaria  iilauca 

setosa 

Serillo  Oranjie 

Shiulilm-k 

,  Stmndcr 

Shftl-pluiit , 

Sbiit,  Indian 

S«'arlt*t  Indian  .  - 

Sida  ncunituiitu 

iir^ita 

carpinifolia 

cilLiriN , 

conlifolia , 

j:l<tmcrata 

hiunilis 

jamairoiiMis „ 

nen'Ofui 

rlioniUiftilia 

HpinoHti ... 

tuipina 

trifttiM , 

Stili'nt\.\  Ion  Mimti('Ii(><li-ndni 

SilkC'jiltun   

Silk-cot  t«m-tivi* , 

Silvery  Fciii , 

SiKi 

SiiiiipiH  iirvr-iisiH 

lii-.)itHU'a(u 

SkitDttdii 

Small  rcpiiiT 

Tn>vo 

SMILACK.K 

SuiiLix  liaviincuMH 

]iopu)m>a 


INDEX. 


129 


iii* 

ia.. 


'alia 

:uU-cati. 
E^ 


EX. 


lU. 


1... 


Pftffe. 
7» 
7« 
OS 

02 
K> 
38 
42 
42 
44 
05 
»!> 
05 
05 
05 
05 
37 
S3 
52 
50 
43 
100 

in 

111 
111 
SO 
00 
0« 
00 
00 
00 
00 
45 
87 
87  I 
90.87 
00 
50 
111 
.40 
8o 
85 
112 
85 
77 

04 
50 
40 
41 

ar. 

85 

85 


JTat  Mus.  No. 


Page. 

Polypodlum  crenatum IIT 

incanum 117 

inclmun 117 

PhyUltidia 117 

piloeoUokles 117 

serpens IIT 

tetraeonum 117 

Folyntachra  lutcola 113 

Pomcgmnatc - -.^ 53 

Potueroee-trec 80 

Pop fiO 

Pope's  Head 67 

Portlnutlia  ginndlflora 00 

Portulaca  halimolik-s 28 

olvracea 27 

pUoaa 28 

quadriflda 27 

PORTCXACRfi 27 

POTAMKE 87 

Potato,  Irish 78 

Swoot 71 

Prapra 41 

ProscottiaHyoBunu 114 

Prickle,  Crab 40 

White 88 

Yellow 88 

Prickle-wood 64 

Prickly  Fern IW 

Poar 58 

Priva  echinata 8B 

Psidlam  cordatum 53 

Guara 58 

Psilotum  triqaetrum 115 

Psychotria  Brawnei 81 

gtalirata 81 

faorizontalis 01 

tcnuifulia 01 

Pteris  longifolia 115 

jH^lata 118 

Ptr^rocAiilon  rirgatum 84 

Pumpkin 55 

Ihinicu  i^nmnt  urn B8 

Piirslam; 27 

Pyrethrum  indieum 87 

Qiiassia 38 

Qunnsin  amnra 38 

Qiiecn  of  Klowwrs W 

Qititqtialui  imlica 54 

Radish 24 

Itaiii-tu'0 73 

Itajauia  hfistata HI 

IiU'ioiiL'ura HO 

Itamfioat-butdt 38 

Kaudta  aculeata 00 

Jtaphanru  §atieu4 '^ 

Itazor-^O^sa ^*** 

Kiit-b»'im 25 

Itiit  tU-biisli *^ 

Itaii woltla  Lniiinrckii 00 

niiidtt •• 

Itt'd  Beet W 

ymiithipani - ** 

Lily 1» 

Soml 31 

Ccdwooil ^ 

Itc-uealmia  sylveatria • jJP 


180 


INDEX. 


Page. 

B«yiuwialBtlfollft 40 

mucnmata 40 

BHAMNACRS 40 

Rhizophorn  Mangle M 

nHIZOPBORACE^ M 

Khun  antUlan* 41 

Kliynohosla  minlnw 48 

pliuet^ides 44 

Tetlonlsta^ 44 

BhynchoapoTS  para 108 

pnaUlft 106 

KlcineDa  pednncoloaa 91 

Ricinua  oommnziis _ B2 

BItIiui  Uovis 85 

octondrs 85 

Bochrfortia  ooanthophora 74 

Bork-myrtlo 62 

Roehont 88 

Bondclctla  piloea : 00 

Ro»actnt\folia 60 

gaUUa 60 

BOSACBS 60 

Kotte,  Chinese 81 

Boacmary 82 

Bosewood 74 

Botmarinut  oJleittoU* 82 

Boaooa » 

Boaaaella  lappolacea B5 

BUBIACE^ 60 

BnelUa  atnpens 80 

tuberoaa ' 80 

Sum^  vetiemriiu 88 

BunuioK  Oraaa lo3 

BuppiA  rostellata 08 

Jtusselia  juncea 70 

RFTACEiE 37 

Sabinca  florida 42 

Kaccharuni  offirinanim 106 

SaRc 83 

SagoValin 07 

St..runGra8a Ill 

Salad 07 

Wild 00 

8allio,Bay 67 

Salvia  cocclncA 82 

octtidcntalia 82 

semtiQa 82 

tpni'Ilo 82 

Sambitciu  nigra 50 

Saniydft  glubruta 26 

aerrulata 26 

Sand  box -tn*e> 02 

SandLT,  Tillow 38 

.SansfTlpra  ^ineentiis 110 

Santa  Matin  ■ 34 

SAPINDACE^ 35 

Sapiiidiifl  iiiR'<]u»liti 35 

SniH>tu  AchruB 07 

Sidcmxylou 08 

HATOTACEJ-: 67 

SarcoHtrmma  Urownel 70 

Sav{afH>88iliflorn 00 

Scwvoltt  I'luDiit'ri 07 

Rcuilct  Cordiii 74 

Indian  Shot 112 

S^tefftriafiutvact-ua 80 


SchmidcliajDOctdcntaUs 

Schoepfla  arborcaccna 

SdTpDs  biizoidca 

oapltatoB 

fbrragineiia 

mntatue 

nodulowu 

aubdiatlchna. 

SCITAMEXE^ 

Sderia  fllUbnuto 

pnteiMis 

•ciBdena 

SclerooarpuaafHcanos 

Scleropus  amarantoldea 

Scoloaanthiu  rcraloolor 

Scoparia  dnlcto 

Scratoh-throat 

Screw  Pine 

SCBOPHtnLABIACB£ 

Sorobber 

Seft-ffiape 

Sea-lavender 

Sebaatlanla  Incidft 

SeehiuM  edule , 

Becttridaca  &t>wnel 

erect» , 

Secnrinega  aoldothamnaa  ..... 

BemperriTje , 

Seijania  luotda 

SetamumorietUale 

SeabanJA  aeiioea 

Sesuviom  portalacaatnim  .... 

SetAiia  glauca , 

setnsa  

ScTille  Orange 

Sbflddnok 

Slinnder , 

ShWlplant , 

Shpt.  Indian , 

Scarlet  Indian , 

Sida  nruQiinata 

arguta ., 

cnrpinifolia 

ciliario 

cordifolia 

glomerata , 

humilU. , 

jnniair4>nsis , 

unvOiUi 

rhonibifuUa , 

Rpinusa ., 

atipina. , 

tristis , 

Sidcroxyhm  AIn8tiii)0(U>ndron 

SUkCattuii  , 

Silk-cot  t^m-trt^ ^ 

Silver>- IVni , 

Silvi.' 

KiuapiH  arvi'Dsin 

bniHHicata 

Skitnctchi 

Small  iVpptT , 

Tr«v« 

SMILACE.E. 

Smilax  havanpnala ..., 

populne* .........I 


INDEX. 


133 


Page. 

- 109 

CteTB-Hnonlia 38 

38 

38 

OcbiDXjrlnm 38 

lfay« X06 


Page. 

Zinfcilier  officinalis 112 

Zinnia  eleguis 64 

multiflora..; 04 

Zizyphua  reticulata 40 

Zomia  diphylla 43 

ZYGOPITFLLACSA 87 


i 


132 


INDEX. 


Page. 

TILIACE^ 32 

Ttlhuidsia  foscicnlata UL 

rccurrata Ill 

uBueoides Ill 

utrictUflta Ill 

Tithoniatpfciota 07 

To1>acco,Wild 65 

Tubacco-pipe SS 

Tobinia  punctata 37 

splnoiia 37 

Tomato 77 

Torch,  Black 60 

Toumofortiii  bloolor 75 

fcEtidlsalma 75 

gnaphulodes 75 

hirsutiaiiiinft 75 

laurifolia 75 

i»icn)p)i,vHa 75 

vulubilis 75 

TooMc-mols 112 

TradescHutia  diHcolor 100 

gt'Diculata 100 

zebiina 100 

Tragia  TolnbUls * 02 

Trianosperma  flcifoUnin &5 

graciliflonua £5 

Ti%iilli)'tii»iiMiiifi{:p)uui Sf* 

Tribulus  cistoides 37 

niaximus »■ 37 

TricLilla  liiila 86 

Trichobena  inaularia 105 

TriUxcTUcia 25 

Tripliiiffia  trifoliata 37 

Triumfi'tta  alt  hseoiilcB 32 

I^ppula 32 

rhninboid(>a 32 

Bi-uiitrilolMk 32 

TroTo 77 

Sinnll 77 

Tniiiijt.t  -t  ivf 04 

ThIiihIv:!  Iwrbitvann 53 

TulM^ii.se 110 

Tiiikt-y-lxTry 77 

Tiinu.rk-. 112 

TunitTu  parviflitra 57 

ultiiJI'oliA 57 

XrUNKltAtKj: 57 

Tui-jwiitiin'-trfi- 40 

Typliii  iiii;:urttifolm 100 

TYI'IIACK.K mo 

rillULLLlFtlLi; M 

tritiinliiUiia       : 30 

Fivrii  Icu'ciliTii .■ 0.'( 

cinhi y:> 

Trtii*]*  *'Uiijj;aiii 85 

r  nU'ACE.K  iM 

T(n.iMliii*i|]ril»ft 7« 

Vvlvct-Iriif 24 

VcihIu  iHiuutJo 44 

TcrlM'iiii,  IicnHiii-HCciitril 84 

Vfrbfttn  cha in (fdri folia H4 

VEUIJKNACK.K K3 

ViTlM'hina  alalu C) 

Vi'iTionitt  urlKtrfwcnw 02 

ptmrtittu C2 

Thomu 02 


Vervain 

Yigna  lutcola 

Yinca  rosea 

Yiue.Blno « 

YIOLACE^ 

Via,  Bonny 

Bull 

■\\'hite 

Titex  AgnuM-etutua 

diraricata 

Yitia  caribsia 

'Wdllhi-riaamcricnua 

'W'jitt(k-riD<^  Jew 

"Water-crew — 

Water-lUy 

Wateimelon 

AVaterpanna 

\Vjl!l-lluHl  T , 

WcdcUa  acapulc«n>ia 

affinia 

bupbthabnoides 

cartiow 

cruciana , 

dinooid«a 

White  Ailing 

-bark. , 

B«Mm , 

Cedar.... 

FroncbipaDi 

Lily 

Man^^Tc 

MatOack 

Mar«n 

I*nlir<i 

I'rickle 

Vi« , 

■Wblt«'-beiid-l)room 

Willi  niiuk  PfpiMT 

rbciry 

C'ftflVc 

Hups 

IlHTnrtiana 

Li(iiH>rict>... 

!Mani(>y 

Miiiu(Aiii1h*v 

Mii»tanl 

Vvsi 

riuo 

S:dad 

Tiintiiriiid 

TiinUr 

Tolwrco 

T\*<)nib'rful  Lcuf 

Wonii-wcfd 

\Vn>atli-pl;m( 

Mexican 

Xniithium  murnH-arpum 

Xiiul  hiisoinii  at  ntvirciiA 

haHluliiiii 

Mifcittu- folium 

T.'»ni « 

Yfllow  CVilitr ' 

Nirkars -     * 

ZMckle 

Sander ......«•..- 

Yerba  d«  FazA ....■ 


1 

■ 

^^^      ^c|>arim«ni    of  fhc    Sntccior:                  ^ 

J 

^^^^ft                I.'.  K  NATIONAL  mi;^:l*m.                      /^^^ 

m                 ri 

1  *^^l 

Fbut-t-etin     "" 

^^^^H                                                      or  TQB 

jNITFT)  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSKTTAf. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^p                         ^PTtlir 

^B^^^^^^Vm 

^^^^^^V     ^A8UlNUTON:                                      fl 

1 

^^^^^^^^H                                                                             ^^^^^^H 

^cparfmcni    of  fKc    ^ixieviovt 

U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


14 


BULLETIN 


OF  THE 


UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


ISTo.    14. 


PUBLISHED  UXDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  SMITHSOXIAX  IXSTITrTIOX. 


WASHINGTON: 
GOYEBNMENT    PBI^TZNO    OFFICE. 

1879. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 

This  work  is  the  fourteenth  of  a  series  of  papers  intended  to  illnstrate 
the  collections  of  Natural  History  and  Ethnology  belonging  to  the 
United  States  and  constituting  the  National  Museum,  of  which  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  was  placed  in  charge  by  the  act  of  Congress  of 
August  10, 1846. 

It  has  been  prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Institution,  and  printed  by 
authority  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 

SPENCER  F.  BAIRD, 
Secretary  Smithsonian  Institution, 
Smithsonian  Institution, 

Washington^  April  3,  1879. 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,    1876. 


CATALOGUE 


OF  TUB 


COLLECTION  TO  ILLUSTRATE 


THE 

Animal  Resources  and  the  Fisheries 


OF  THE 


TJISriTED   STATES. 


JXHIBIXEX>  AX  PHILADELPHIA  IX  1878  BY  THE  SMITHSONIAX  lySTITTJTIOX 
A-yp  THE  tTNTTED  STATES  FISH  COMMISSION'.  AND  FORMING  A 
I»-A.BT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


rRXPARED  nmiui  the  uiaEc-no:!  of 


G.    BROWN    GOOOE 


WASHINGTON: 

OVBBNUENT    PRINTING    OFFICK. 

1879. 


LIST  OF    PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  THE  PREPARATION  OF  THE 

COLLECTION, 


JOSEPH  HENRY, 

Secretary  Smithsonian  InntitttHon. 

SPEKCER  F.  BAIRD. 
Director  of  the  Exhibition, 

G.  BRO\VN  GOODE, 
Jh  charge  of  CoUiction. 


CHAIRMEN  OP  COMMITTEES. 

CtmmiiUe  oh  £coMomioal  Invertebrates.— 'WiUAA^t  H.  Dau.,  Wasliin^ou,  D.  C. 
Committee  om  Frttk  and  Preserved  J'wA.— EvcKXi-:  G.  Blackfoku,  New  York. 
Committee  on  Filing  Boats  and  Fittivgs. — A.  R.'CBlTrKNl>KN;-Middlctow-u,  Couii. 
C'«aiaiillcr  on  Hunting  Apparatus  and  i<itortsman^s  Equipment. — Fouestanu  Stiii;am  Pub- 

Ui^Hixo  Company,  Now  York. 
C^tmmittet:  on  Fishing  Acto.— Amemcax  Net  ^d  Twjne  Company,  Boston  aiitl  New 

York. 
t.ommittee  oh  Anglers'  Equipmcntn  and  Apparatus. — BluDPoKD  &  Antiioxy,  Boston. 
I nmmiitee  on  AlcokoUc  Collections,  <yc— Dr.  T.  H.  Bi:ax,  Wasbiugtou,  D.  C. 
fJommittee  on  Furs.—C.  A.  Herpicii  A-  Co.,  New  York. 
Committee  oh  FitJi  Culture  and  its  Apparatus. — J.  W.  Milxeh,  AVn8lihigtou. 
Committee  on  Whaling  Apparatus. — E.  B.  &.  F.  Macy,  New  Bedford,  Muss. 
Committee  on  Whale  and  Fish  Oils. — Capt.  N.  E.  KrwiMjUy  l*rovincetown,  Mobs. 
Committee  on  Chemical  Products.— V,.  U.  figuiim,  M.  D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Artintn. — J.  H.  RiciiAiiD  and  A.  Zexo  Suixuixit. 
Modeler. — Joskph  Palmer. 
TaxidrrmM. — JVLius  Storrzer. 
Fkotoffrapher. — T.  W.  Smilue. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

INTRODUCTOIIY  KOTE...'. , XV 

Section  A.— LIST  OF  ANIMALS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA  BENEFICIAL  OR 
INJURIOUS  TO  MAN. 

L  Mammals 1 

L  Fenp (carnivores) 1 

Fissipeclia  (laud  carnivores) 1 

Piurupedia  (seals,  &.C.)  .......... ...................................  5 

2.  Uof^ulata  (Iioofed  animals) 7 

3.  Sireuia  (sea-cows,  &c.) 9 

4.  Cete  (whales) 10 

Douticoto  (sperm  whales  and  dolphin*)............... 10 

Mysticete  (baleen  whales) ......  13 

5.  lusectivora  (moles,  &c.) 13 

6.  Glircs (gnawers) 14 

7.  Marsupialia  (marsnxnates) 20 

II.  Birds 20 

III.  Reptiixs 21 

8.  Crocodilia  (crocodiles) 21 

9.  Testudinata  (tortoises) 21 

V.  FiSHKS 23 

10.  Pediculati  (anglers) 23 

11.  Plectognathi  (globe,  trunk,  and  file  fishes) 23 

12.  Lopbobrancliii  (pipe-fishes,  &c.) 25 

13.  Teleocepbali 26 

Ueterosomata  (flat  fishes) 26 

Anacanthiui  (cods,  &c.) 2i5 

Acanthopteri  (spiny-finned  fishes) 31 

Percesoces  (mullets,  &.C.) .  53 

Synentognatbi  (gar-fishes  and  fiying-fishes) 54 

Haplomi  (pikes,  &c.) 55 

Isosjxtndyli  (salmon,  herring,  &c.) 56 

Eventognathi  (carps) 61 

14.  Nematognathi  (cat-fishes).... 6*2 

15.  Apodes  (euls) 63 

IG.  Cycloganoidei  (auiias)  . GH 

17.  Rhomboganoidtii  (gar-pikes) 64 

18.  Selachostomi  (paddle-fish) 64 

19.  Chomlrostci  (sturgoous) 64 

VI.  Elasmobran'CUIates 65 

20.  Holocephali  (chimeeros) 65 

21.  Rai^  (skat«s  and  rays) 66 

22.  SqnaU  (sharks) *" 

vn 


VIII  ANIMAL  EESOUECES   OF  THE   UKITED   STATES. 

.  T*$». 

VII.   MARSIP0BRA^X^IATE9 70 

23.  Hyperoartia  (lampreys) ---  70 

24.  Uyperotreti  (bags) 70 

Vni.  Leptocardians : 70 

25.  CiiTostomi  (lancelota) 70 

Section  B.— MEANS  OF  PURSUIT  AND  CAPTURE. 

iApparatag  of  direct  application. 

L  HaXD-IMPLEMEXTS  (SIMPLE  TOOLS) ^ 71 

•  For  striking, 

1.  Clnbs y 71 

2.  Slung  weight 71     i 

**  For  cutting. 

3.  Knives 71 

4.  Axes 78 


•••  For  tkru8Hng. 

5.  Spears  and  prods 76     i 

II.  Implements  for  seizure  of  object 79 

*  Scooping-inttrumenta, 

6.  Scoops 79 

•*  Grasping-hooka. 

7.  Hooked  implements  (used  with  single  motion,  that  of  hooking) 80 

H.  Barlied  implements  (uned  with  two  motions,  the  fii-8t  that  of  thrusting).  pi 

9.  TongH,  *S:c bj 

***  Grasping-linca^ 

10.  NooHcs  (I:iriat8  and  snares) e*6 

11.  Loaded  liucH  (bolas) - - 8(j 

"*"**  Entangling-Unes, 
V2.  Tangles 87 

'f\  ApparaUts  of  \iul\nct  application. 

III.  MiSSILKS 1?7 

*  Simple  mi8»ih'»  {those  2n'02)elh(l  by  the  unaided  arm). 

I'X  llnrh'd  weights ,..  87 

14.  Hurled  sticks 67 

15.  Hurled  upears,  lances (<:} 

""  Centrifugal  misKiteH  (propelling  poiver  augmented  by  artificial  lengthening  of  the  arm). 

IG.  Slings,  and  spears  thrown  by  straps &i 

IT.  Missiles  thrown  by  "  throwing-sticks"' 6d 

***  MimiUa  propelled  hy  a  »pring. 

\  Spring  consisting  of  bent  rod. 
18.  Bows  and  arrows - .•••        68 


TABLE   OF   CONTE>JTS.  IX 


[U.  Missiles — Contiuned. 

U  Spring  conustlng  of  claatic  cord, 


I 
19.  India-mbbcr  slings 69 


tU  Spring  consisting  of  metallic  helix. 
aO.  Spring-guna. 89 

****  Mi»»i1e»  propelled  by  comprawd  air  or  water, 

21.  Air-gUDs 89 

:££,  Water-gfuns IKJ 


••*•*  MinU^  propelled  by  comhustion  of  gunpoxcder, 

23.  Fire-anas ." 90 

24.  ( Acceaaoiy. )    Anunnuitiou  and  its  preparation 91 

25.  (Accessory.)    Acccssoricsofloa<ling,  repairing,  and  testing  fire-aruis  ..  93 

26.  (AccoH8or>'.)    Accessories  for  carrying  lire-arms.     (Accoutrements)  .;..  94 
IV.  Batted  hooks — Axglixo-tackle it5 

27.  Hooks  with  movable  lines. — Hand-tocklu 95 

^.  Hooks  with  stationary  lines. — Sct-tacklo 1)7 

29.  (Accessor^*.)    Farts  and  accessories  to  nngling-a})paratiia 97 

ttl  ApparatM  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  auiomaiic, 

T.  Xets 122 

ail.  Entangling  (meshing)  nets 122 

31.  £ucircUng  nets 120 

aWApparatUB  entirely  automatic. 

Vt  Traps i:tl 

32.  Pen-trai»s : i:U 

:I3.  Clatching-tratw l.!4 

:u.  Fall-traps l.i.% 

Xi.   Missile-traps IXi 

3B.  Adhesive  preparations I'.iit 

Til.   APPARATt'S  FOR  WHOLESALE  DESTnUCTIOX I'Mi 

37.  Poisons 1:WJ 

3^.  Asphyxiating  apparatus i:W5 

3tf.  Tori^edoes IJG 

ttttt  Jccc88orte«  to  the  chase  and  Jinhiiiy. 

VIII.  HVSTIXO-AXIMALS l:!G 

40.  Httnting-mammals..... I'M* 

41-  AccvsAories  to  bunting-mammals I'Mt 

42.  Ilanting-birds ].t7 

43.  Aecemories  to  hnnting-birds I:t7 

44.  Iliintiug-fisbes i:t7 

IX.  DECOVS  and  01SGVISE9 liw 

45.  Baits 1:17 

4G.  Decoys l:n 

47.  Covers Ill 

X.  Pi-R?nT— rre  methods  a:«d  appliances 1-12 

46.  Methods  of  transportation 112 

49.  Camp-ontflt 102 

SSL  INwiil  eqiiipinento...- H'>-t 


X  ANIMAL   KESOXJRCES   OF  THE   TTinTED   STATES. 

Section  C— METHODS  OP  PKEPAHATION, 

I.  PitEPAHATIOX  AND  PRKSERVATION  OF  FOODS • 

1.  Preeterration  of  the  living  animals  (see  E,  3) 

2.  Preserration  of  fresh  meats •.*• 

3.  Drying 

4.  Canning  and  pickling 

5.  Preparation  of  l>ait« 

II.  Manufacture  op  textile  fabrics,  felts,  and  stcffinos 

fi.  From  hair  of  mammals 

7.  From  whalebone 

8.  From  feathers 

0.  From  silk  of  insects 

10.  From  soft  parte  of  other  invertebrates 

III.  Preparation  of  tiiu  skin  and  its  appendages 

11.  Currying 

12.  Tanning 

13.  Fur-dressing ...• •......• 

14.  Feather-drossing : ....*......... 

15.'  Manufacture  of  quill  articles 

16.  Hair  and  wool  work 

rv.  Preparation  op  the  hard  tissues , 

17.  Ivory  cutting  and  carving ^... ....* 

18.  Preparation  of  horn  and  hoofs 

Id.  Preparation  of  whalebone 

20.  Preparation  of  tortoise-shell 

21.  Preparation  of  fish-scale  work,  &o 

22.  Preparation  of  nacro..... •••••..... 

23.  l^*eparation  of  coral 

24.  rnparatiou  of  other  hanl  tissues 

V.  PlEEI'AKATION  OF  OILS  AND   CiELVTINES 

2.\  I'xtriU'tion  of  whiile-oils 

26,  Kxtrudiou  of  other  mammal  oils 

27.  ICxtiaction  of  bird  and  reptile  oils 

'J-'.  Extraction  of  fish-oils 

21).  Extraction  of  glne,  polatine,  and  isinglass 

VI.  ri:::i'.vi[ATiox  of  diux;s,  pkufimks,  and  chemical  products... 

of  I.  Pivparation  of  perfumes 

'.'A.  Miiuufaeturo  of  ivory- black 

;;2.  Aliinufaoturo  of  pnissiiites 

;>;i.  Manufacture  of  murexides 

VA.  Muuufacturc  of  cocliiuoal  colors 

:'.;■>.  Manufacture  of  inks 

;Ki.  Manufacture  of  albumen .-■ 

37.  Manufacture  of  pepsin 

3H.  Mauufactnre  of  phosphorus 

;!!>.  Maiiuiaeture  of  sal  ammoniac 

4'K  Manuiacture  of  ammonia 

41.  Manufacture  of  albuniou  preparations 

42.  Manufacture  of  ]iro]>ylaniine 

'i:i.  Manufacture  of  formic  acid 

41.  Manufacture  of  carbazotatcs 

VU.  Pi:i:i'.\i{.\TioN  OF  fkutilizeus 

45.  Preparation  of  fertilizers ..-..•..,..,, 

VIII.  I'ltr.PAitATlox  of  umes ....•• 

40.  Uiuiiiug  of  lime .......••••• 


TABLE   OF  CONTENTa  ZI 

PKracBVATiox  or  the  animal  for  scientific  uses 17(1 

47.  Vnmtrrmtum  of  wet  preparations »• 17C 

48.  Skfileton-inakiiig 177 

49.  HodAling * 177 

50.  Tmxidenay 178 

51.  (AceeMOiy.)    Photographic  and  other  delmeating  apparatus 178 

SBCnosr  O.— ANIMAL  PRODUCTS  AND  THEIE  APPLICATIONS. 

?ooDs 179^ 

L  Foods  in  a  fieah  condition 179 

9.  Foods  dried  and  smoked 182 

X  Foods  salted,  canned,  and  pickled 184 

4.  Gelatines  (Me  34) 187 

5.  BiUts  and  foods  for  animals 187 

LClotbixo 188 

C  Fuia 188 

7.  Leatben  (see  SBO) 195 

8.  Textile  fabrics 195 

ELMaTZUALS  EMPLOTKD  IX  THE  ARTS  AXD  MAXUFACTCRES 197 

'  Sard  materiaU, 

I  iToiy  and  hone 197 

1«.  Horn 201 

a  Hoois  and  claira WW 

H  Baleen 203 

U  Tortoiae-sheU 205 

II  Scales 2rr> 

la.Ptail 200 

w-SheUs arw 

17.  Coral Utt7 

14  Inflisorial  earth 2^/7 

19.  Other  materials  derived  from  invcrtebratee SfPi 

**FZerift2r  maUriaU, 

».  Leather 20e 

*l.  Hair  and  vool  (see  also  li) 217 

ttQniHii 21M 

aFeathew 219 

Ji  GrUtine  and  ininglass 2a^» 

^  Flexible  materiab  from  izbiMts  aa<i  molliuka. Vf^Z 

*l  Bpongwi 2555 

***Fhud4  mwi  mfi  msUrialt. 

S?.  Oik  and  fau 2Sn 

*^  I'trfiuneii , .„.,..„, ,-.... ..............-...•........-....-«•••>  2iff 

JS-  Cotoring  materials... - 2*-W 

«■  Chemical  prodnetii  anrf  a^ntA  employed  in.  th**  artj*  aofl  m*^li.  i:."- 250 

•LPertOiieM 2:n 

*  lines  (leeonderTij ^>i 

3^  Otiwrmatefiak -J^W 

E.— PBOTKTKWr  .Un>  CTXTTTiE  OF  USEFUL  .OfTSrAl>». 

- «n 

dUfiBt  Firth  Comciudion....— ...«—->'"•  ^33 


XII  ANIMAL   RESOURCES   OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


n.  Protection 

2.  I'lcservation  of  game  and  fish 

4.  (AcooBRory.)    Euemies  of  useful  nnimalfl. 
IIL  Propaoatiox. 

5.  Propagation  of  mammals  ...--. 

6.  Propagation  of  birds 

7.  Propagation  of  reptiles , ,. 

8.  Propagation  of  amphibians 

9.  Propagation  of  fislies 

10.  Propagation  of  insects 

11.  Propagation  of  leeches 

12.  Propagation  of  mollusks 

13.  l*ropagatiou  of  corals 

14.  Propagation  of  sponges 


CATALOGCE  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  ECONOMICAL  INVERTEBRAT 
OF  THE  AMERICAN  COASTS.    BY  W.  H.  DALL. 

MoLLfSCA  CErnALOPODA. — Squlds  and  Cuttles - -— S 

MoLU'scA  GA8TEUOPODA.— Sea-Snails,  &c 8 

A.  Useful S 

1.  Used  for  food  or  bait.... i 

2.  Useful  by  producing  pearl-shell,  &.C.... J 

3.  Affording  eameo  and  porcelain  stock • S 

4.  Used  in  Indian  trade J 

5.  Afibrding  dycstnffa . .. S 

6.  Aifording  bird-lime , - - 5 

B.  Injuriou.s i 

1.  By  dcslroying  food-produ<'iag  uiolhisks  or  sliell-fwh,  such  :ih  clamrt, 

nmss^^ly,  oysters,  and  razor-lish i 

2.  Injurious  by  destroying  vcf^etabk'  HubHtan<-('8  and  ganh^n  plants....  ! 
MoT.LisCA  A<i:i'iiALA. — Uivalvi'  ShclUiah • 

A,  Producing  (nod  or  nsi-d  as  bait "• 

1.  Si'rit's  illustrating  distribution  and  geographical  varieties  , 

OsTUKA  viiKJiNirA,  Cuielin. — Kast  American  Oystvi-s 1 

Omkka  i,ri!ii)A,  rpr.— West  Coast  Oystei-s ; 

1.  Kxtra  liniilal ■ 

2.  Scries  ilhisl rating  culture  and  individual  variations.... 

OsTRi'.A  viUiilNUA,  (Jnu'liu. — Kiisl  American  Oysters 

a.  (irowth.     1-2*)  years  tfld 

h.  IVculiiu'ities  of  form  autl  growth 

('.  Kneuiies  and  parasites 

*  *  '  Other  hirahrft. 


A.  Afl'ordiug  or  available  inv  fttod  or  bait .- -, . 

It.  I'sctnl  or  ornanienta!  bivalves  otlier  tlum  tbi>so  atVording  fowl. 
(/.  rear!-i»rodneing 

1.  liiver  mussels 

2.  >hirine  jicarl-slnlls 

h.   Oiber^visi'  nsel'nl 

C.  Injurious  bivalves ., 

a.  Di'stroyiug  submerged  tind)er 

1.  SpeeinuMisof  wood  showing  ravages 

D.  Prepared  fou<ls.... •...•....•..•».., 


TABLE   OP  CONTENTS.  XIII 

Page. 

rSTACKA  PnYLLOPODA : 2rj9 

A.  Useful.    Converted  into  fortilizors.    Carapax  tisod  as  a  Bcoop  or  boat- 
bailer 259 

'STACEA   IHOrODA 2(i0 

A.  rHcfiil;  by  ruuioving  wrcckn  or  Hua{;8  -.---. 2fi0 

B.  lujurimiH;  by  dentroyiiig  tiubuiorged  timber 36() 

;8TACEA    STOMATOPODA - 260 

;sTACKA  DKCAPOOA. — IjobatiTs,  Slirluip,  Crawfish,  Crabs 260 

A.  rrtcfiil;  iVKxl-HUpplyinj; 260 

B.  Commensal  with  other  food  supplies 261 

C.  Injurious  by  burrowing  into  and  weakening  levees  and  dams 261 

D.  Prepared  fiHMls 201 

JtiPEDiA  (iuJurioiiB) 263 

a.  By  dnlling  the  e<1go  of  knives  and  spades  employed  in  "cutting  in" 

whale  blubl>or 262 

ft.  By  obHtructing  the  progresttiou  of  vessels  upon  wliieli  *hoy  affix  them- 

Belves 262 

S'EUDA. — AVomw  and  Leeches 262 

A.  Useful 262 

1.  In  mirRery  and  medicine ,  262 

2.  For  bait  in  fishing ....^., ,  262 

3.  KorftKHl 262 

B.  Injurious 263 

1.  By  borinfj  into  and  destroying  oyster-shells ,  262 

DIATER. — Sea-Urehins,  Starfish,  Corals,  Medusae,  etc , 2(»2 

A.  Ust'fnl 262 

1.  K<M>d -producing 262 

B.  Injurious 26:t 

1.  Destroying  oysters,  clams,  Ac ,,.  263 

2.  Ity  their  iirticatiug  iH>wers  annoying  bathers  and '"fouling"  nets 

and  liHhing  lines  with  slime — various  acalcx>hs 2C3 

>TOZAXS.— SjMMigeH,  etc 263 

Useful    26:1 

1.  Tor  e«>uveyance  of  fluids  requiring  an  elastic  and  t^'mporarj-  men- 

Htruuiii,  and  as  a  detergent.... 26:< 

2.  Useful  as  au  elastic  medium  or  abstu-beut 264 

Injurious.... .'..  264 

1.  Ily  destroying  oysters 264 

izoi'oDS 2f)4 

SCELL.\M:0US   PUODUCTS   of   sea  or  shore,   not   of  AN  ANIMAL 

NATURE. 

a.  Lichens 264 

6.  Algic 265 

1.  Having  economical  applications.... 265 

2.  Ornamental  algae 265 

>ItOA>1C  MATERIAI^ 271 


XIV  ANIMAL  RESOURCES   OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 

COMMERCIAL  STATISTICS  OF  ANIMAL- PRODUCTS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
A  REVIEW  OF  A  PORTION  OF  THE  REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE 
BUREAU  OF  STATISTICS  FOR  THE  FISCAL  TEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1877. 
BY  G.  BROWN  GOODE. 

Living  animals 87S 

Food  productsi  except  fish.... S74' 

Fish fn 

' n 

Ivory 

Horn 

Whalebone 

SheU 

Coral 9B|^ 

Leather 

Hides  and  skins .' 

Bristles 

Quills 

Feathers 

Glue  and  gelatine 

Spouges 

Oils,  fats,  and  soaps 

Perfumery  materials ......... 

Coloring  materials W^ 

Chemical  preparations,  medicines^  «Vo 

Bones 

Guauo  and  other  fertilizers 

Specimens  of  natural  history 880 

Aliihabetical  index 3(A 


INTRODUCTOl 


OTE. 


Ibe  occAi«Jou  of  tlio  lutonmtioual  Exhibition,  in  1876,  cortnin  ai)i»ro. 

iiiK  were  mmXe  by  Cuugress  to  the  Suiithfionian  Institution  and 

r'nitt'il  rttatfa  Fish  Connnission.    The  former  waa  called  upon  to 

?.  an  I'xhibition  to  illnstrato  the  economical  value  of  (In*  ?(iine»",il 

lal  produvU  of  tho  country,  Tvhile  the  latter  was  to  perfonu  a 

taiik.  fur  the  national  linherics.    It  wna  sub^eqaently  found  desLr- 

fiir  tlio  SuiJtbHonian  Inntitution  to  unite*  with  the  Indian  Bureau  in 

lyiuj:  tbo  iTondilion  of  tlio  ulwrigiual  tribes  of  the.  United  States  in 

toric  iiud  motleru  times.    Four  distinct  departments  of  work  were 

provided  for,  (1)  an  ethuolopcal  exhibition,  (2)  an  exhibition  of 

Ills  (•'5)  an  exhibition  ornninml  resonreex,  and  (4)  a  fishery  exhibi- 

Tbo  fir«t  and  w?roud  were  aniiuged  on  opposite  sides  of  tlie  mive 

tlie  OcfVKmment  building,  at  Philadelphia,  and  at  ita  north  end.    The 

r,  it  was  found,  coiUd  not  bo  septirated,  since  the  character  of  the 

SIM  and  the  methods  of  arrangement  n'quired  were  the  ^ame. 

were*  arranged  in  one  Hcries  on  the  uortli  side  of  the  ea^t  tr.msept 

to  thti  eaftt  of  (he  nave  extending  north  to  the  beginning  of  the 

8erie«. 

ratalogtic  is  a  sirapU*  enumeration  of  the  objects  exhib- 
I,.  ...; .  ...  i.^H,  and  illustrative  of  the  auinuil  rr*Kmrces  and  the  fish- 
of  tb**  UniUMi  8t4i.te».     It  is  essentially  a  reproduction  of  the  ciinl- 
113  prepared  in  1870  and  stUl  in  use  in  the  administration  of  the 
•tion,  whi<di,  having  been  greatly  augments  by  systematic  offoits 
IIm?  UtiitCHl  States  and  by  donations  from  foreign  govennuputs,  now 
an  im)M>rtanl  section  of  the  United  States  Xutional  ^luseum.    The 
oataln^ki?  ha«  been  as  far  us  practicable  ma<Ie  complete  up  to  the  ]u'esent 
in  so  far  ba  it  relates  to  Xorth  America.     No  etl'ort  has,  however, 
Buulu  to  include  tho  collateral  scries  of  t^pccimeus  from  foreign 
intrMM. 

The  plan  of  urmngcmont  is  fully  shown  in  the  Tabus  of  Contekts. 

ith  the  UticAtt  and  Injurious  Animals,  it  next  takes  up  the 

PiusriT  AND  f'APTi'BE,  then,  successively,  the  Mktiiods 

»A]UNo  TilEM  FOR  Uhk,  Tiik  Useful  Puoducts,  and,  Hnidly, 

XV 


XVI  INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

the  Means  of  Protection  and  Ctji-tube.  The  preliminary  plan  of 
classification  is  given  in  full,  whether  specimens  were  obtained  to  iUnt- 
trate  it  or  not,  and  indicates  wherein  the  collection  isstill  imperfect* 

It  seems  appropriate  to  remark  that  a  very  large  number  of  the  spedf 
mens  included  in  this  catalogue  and  exhibited  in  Philadelphia  iren 
boiTowed  from  the  permanent  collections  of  the  Kational  Museum,  and 
have  for  many  years  been  on  exhibition  in  the  Smithsonian  building. 

G.  BEOWN  GOODE. 

Washington,  April  11, 1879, 


*  For  <i  fuller  oxpoBition  of  this  plan  see  the  following  pamphlet ; 

lutcmntional  Exhibition  187G.  |  Board  in  Bohalf  of  United  States  ExccotiT«  Dep«i#« 
uienta.  |  ^=:=.  \  Classification  |  of  the  |  Collection  to  Illustrate  |  the  Animal  JBlK 
Boures  of  tlie  United  States.  |  A  List  of  Substances  derived  from  the  Auimal  Kingdom 
with  Synopsis  of  the  Useful  and  I^jurlons  Animals  |  and  a  Classification  of  the  ll«tk 

odrt  I  of  Capture  and  Utilization.  |  |  By  G.  Brown  Goodo,  M.  A.,  |  Afsnsti 

Curator  |   U.  S.  National  Museum.    | |  Washington:  |  Government  Printi*^ 

OfUce.  I  1H7G.  I  dvo.  pp.  xiii  (1)  1£6.    Also  published  as  Bulletin  No.  6,  Departmentflf 
tlio  Interior,  United  States  National  Museum ;  and  as  Article  VI  iu  Vol.  XII  of  1 
Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections,  Woshingtouj  1876. 


SECTION"   A. 


ST  OF  ANBJALS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA  BENEFICIAL 
OR  INJURIOUS  TO  MAN. 


*L  MAMMALS. 

Ordeu  FER^. 
SuBouDEE  FISSIPEDIA. 

ruftiM^  (Oaldenstiiclt,)  Raif. — BAY  LrNX  or  Wild  Cat.— Nortli 

Amorica. 

<!«.  Unmtad.    Denver,  Col.    C.  £.  Aiken.    Dec.  14,  1875. 
tl77.  MoontciL    (Young.)    Denver,  Cul.    C.  K.  Aiken. 

■yni  cnnndensis,  (Geoff.  &  Desm.,)  Baf— Canada  Ltt^x.— -North- 
ern North  America. 

1347&.  lf(mait«<L    Hoitlton,  Mo.    Ber.  B.  R.  McLcwt    Dec.  15, 1B75. 

Frlt9  ejrm,  Dcsm. — Evra  Cat. — Southwestern  North  America. 

9jHL  MoauliMl.    ToUiuuitcpoc,  Hex.    F.  Sumicbrui. 

>li»    yniniariindi,    Dcsm.— Yaguaeundi    Cat. — Southwestern" 
Xortli  ^Vmerica. 

SltA.  Moant«d.    Tabaaco,  Mex.    CoL  Barto. 

Prlla  concolor,  Linn. — Puma  or  Cougar. — America  generally. 

tlBVt  Ifoanted.    Control  Colorado.    Jiudcs  8teTenson.    1^74. 

Fell*  onra,   Linn. — Jaguar. — Southweateru   Stut^j^,   Central   and 
South  America. 

i-vlSEMk  UomiUd.    Biwl  in  captivity  at  Govenuneat  Inaane  Aajlum, 
Wa«htD^loti.*  ■ 


'Tb*  oUDtk'  i\  In  the  i'tiutuumtion  of  sp<'4*ia]ens  nro  .Smithsonian  catalogoo 

aban.    V  !  nnlM-nt  nm  tjivnn,  ncparaled  by  tho  mark  of  division  (-r-),  tlw 

Ammxatkm^  ilor  pri'iiiLrationof  ilioauimal  taqacstioD;  the:»econjl. 

othat  .  II  lu  ft  (liftorpnt  BcriiN*.    Foroxamplo,  in  10390  — 12298, 

aimbiir  bcUinga  to  iii«  slun  and  tho  Mccnd  to  the  akoleton  of  a  Bpecimea  of 

BulUH.M.No.X4 1 


2         AKOEAL  BESOUBCBS  AKO  FISHEBIES  OF  tmiSD  BA 

Felis  pardalis,  Liim.— Ooelot   or  TtoEB 

liTortli  Amoricfk  ;  '•■ 

13179-*- 14170.  UoanteO.   TalwnBnca,  Co«taJttlcfc   Tttkin>no>kt><dlrt<li  IM 

W.  U.  Oabb. 
1S187.  Mounted.    TaUmiaiiea,  Coat*  RloL    TalaniMim  cajpedHtofc    XtaC  VI 


€A2f|i>J)B.  '■" 

C!anto  Input,  laim.,  var.  ffriseo-iilliiu^-^BiY  WolVi^— JSoA 

America  generally. 

3573 -I- 3G80.  Mounted.    (Winter  pelage.)    F]fitfcaBi««^N«b.    aOmcta^ 

Talpet  IliiTU*,  (Desm.,)  var.  f)iilTii%  (Deam.)— Bbd  iV>x^-0!tett> 
em  KotUi  Ainerica. 

71S4,  Monnted.    (Mile.)    LoPiene'sHonae,  Becky  Uti.    B-Kconloott.    Sm, 
1861. 

6403.  Mounted.    (Female.)    Yukon  ^Ter.    B.  Eennieott    Oct  81,  IBM, 

Talpea  ililraa,  (Desm.,)  var.  deciinHitiui.--Oitoss  Fox. 

6407.  Mounted.    (Female).    Ft  McPheAon,  Feela  Blver,  Kndad^'fti^^f^ 
tory.    B.  Kennicott    Not.  fiS,  1861. 
"A  TCOEj  fine  cronlbz,  nearly  8UYer,amall  and  appanauOyyMag;  Hm 
Indiana  told  me  she  wonld  be  *  aUver  fine  nezft  yew."—- KenntBatt 
6406.  Mounted.    (Female.)    Ft  McPhenon,  Peels  Blver,  H.  B.  T.    B.  Xsn^ 
eott    KoT.30, 1661.  •'   i  ■ . 

"A  good  typical  croas  fox ;  tall  ratlier  amall."— Keaaieott 

6404.  Mounted.    (Male.)    Yukon  River.    R.  Eennieott.    Oct  22, 1800. 

"A  rather  fine  crosn  fox,  approaching  more  nearly^tho  ailTcr  fox  than 
the  red." — Eennieott 
12466.  Mounted.    Houlton,  Maine.    Ber.  R  B.  McLeod.    Bee  31, 1875. 

Tnlpes  fdlTus,  (Dcsm.,)  tar,  argcntatutu — Silteb  Fox:  Black 
Fox. 

6410.  Mounted    (Male.)    Yukon  River.    B.  Eennieott.    Nor.  17, 1800: 

"A  fine  silver  fox." — Kcnn. 

6411.  Mounted.     (Female.)    Ft.  McPherson,  Pecla  River,  H.  B.  T.    H.  Kenni- 

cott.   Oct.  17, 1831. 

"Black  fox ;  some  had  still  less  silver." — ^Eeun. 

Tnlpes  macvurus,  Baii-d.— Prairie  Fox.— Western  States. 

.  Mounted.    Wyoming, 

Ynlpes  Telox,  (Say,)  And,  &  Bach.— Kit  Fox  or  Swift  Fox^-Westr 

em  States. 

13470.  Mounted.  Colorado.  Chas.  E.  Aiken.  Jan.  15,  1876. 
124G9.  Mounted.  Colorado.  CUas.  E.  Aiken.  Jau.  15,  1876. 
11085.  Mounted.    Rocky  Mountains. 

Talpes  laffopns,  (Linn.,)  Gray.— Arctic  Fox.— Alaska. 

.  Skin.    St  Paul's  Id..  Alaska.    Q.  R.  Adams. 


AXIUAL  BBSOtTRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

rrocyoB  Tir^niaaus,  (Silirote,)  r.niy.— Hrav  Fox.— UnitcA 
8UUm  g:ciienilly. 

Momiieil.     Vti-gtnia. 

Trocj'on  virfCBnianii«,  (^chrel>er,]  rar.  tittornQifi* — Coast Geay 
Fox. — IslamU  of  the  Calil'oniiii  coast. 

'4 1. .    ^fouDlC4t.     Sunto  Cruz,  Cal.    H.  W.  Hoiwbaw.    U.  8.  Survey  W.  uf  HX>  M. 

niJSTELID.C 

ilk  Pennanti,  Erxl— Fisimu.— Nortln^m  Nortli  America. 

Mmmtnl.     Ilanlton,  )[atuc.     Rer.  R.  R.  MrLwid.     Jiui.  Ki,  liflv>. 
K  Moontcd.     Olympui,  W.  T.     Geo.  Uilfbcs. 

[««trln  amrricnna,  Turton. — Vtxk  Martin  or  American  Sable. 
Northiini  United  Stntes. 

V£'  •.•<I.     Hndson's  Ray  Trrritorr.     K.  Keniiicott. 

'•''  <«l.     HiuIsoqV  May  Tcrritorj-.     R.  Ucuuicutt 

Mm  ,1)-.!.     llijiWin'ji  Bjiy  Ti-mtorj-.     R.  Kounirott. 

ll»i:.    .Ni.iihri'd.    Hu(l«ou'«  liay  Territory.    R.  Kenuicott. 

0114.  Moantcd.    Ynkuu  RivcFi  mouth  i>f  Torcupiue,  tiudiiou'fi  Bn.v  THTitnr>' 

R.  Kriiuirntt, 
Sm.  )ftMiutr«l.    Yukon  River,  mouth  of  Porcnpiiie,  HudHnu'tt  Bny  Ti!n*itf)r,r. 
R.  Kennicutt, 

ttorion  rrmiuea,  {Uiin.j) Cavier.— White  Weasel:  Kumine.— 
Northwii  UuitcU  States. 

97*5.  Honnlfd.    Eodiok.    V.  Ilbtchoff.    1609. 

MOe -i- l(rj£).    Mounted.    (Male.)    Yukon  River,  mouth  of  rorciipuie  R.     K. 

Kcrniicotl. 
1437.  UoaulL-d.    (Mule.)    Middleboro,  Mass.    J.  W.  F.  J«iiks. 

Falorios    lon^^icanda,    Bonaiiarte.— Lonotailed   Weasel.^ 
AV(vst**ru  United  States. 

1850,  MomitoiL     Wyoming  Tcrrilorj*.    Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden, 

Pntoriaii  riHoa,  UuU. — Minic — North  America  genei'aHy. 

iau  Mcmntcd.    (Male.)    Mnora'A  Lake,  Miun.    J.  IL  Batty. 
12.«.  M'-nnli'd,     Li.^id  Rivi«r.    R,  Ki.*iinicott, 
I'i"-  -  xs.vyj.  .Moiiiiu-a.    UuiUii  8tau*«. 
^Ji-;'    MmuiKciI.    iro|ic  Flatt<xy.  W.  T,    Df.  Sncklcy. 

itortQv  aiuripc^N,  And.  &  BhcUv— Bi^ck-footkd  Ferret,—" 
\\'i'iit4ru  Slatt'S  (iu  h(»leH  oi  IV.iirie  dogH). 

ItUO,  ItrHtntiMl.    Bpotlpd  Tail  Agency,  Kcb.     Col.  A.  Cliuiulwra,  17.  8.  A.    Oct. 

I,  IflSw 
tttt  MmiiIciL    Ch«7«Diic,  Wyoming.    Cnpt.  Jns.  Gilliss,  U.  8.  A.    Dec.  ICT, 


AKIMAL  RESOUKCES  AXD  FISHEEIES  OF  UKITED  STATES. 

Gulo  Iiiscus,  Sabine. — ^Wolv£BEM£  or  Gluttox. — ^Northern  N4 

America. 

;?747.  Moontcd.    Grunt  Salt  Lake,  Utah.    Capt.  Stanabiuy. 
A:m.  ilomitcd.    Ft.  Simpson,  H.  D.  T.    li.  R.  Ross. 

Taxidea   niii^ricaua,  WuterU. — ^Uiebican   Bai>geb. — W< 

United  States  and  Paeifio  Slope. 

12471.  Moantod.    Colonulo.    Chuu  E.  Aikeo.    Jan.  la,  1676. 

[ephitis  mepliitira,  (ShaTr)  BainL — Common   Skutte. — Eastci 

United  States. 

434a  MoDntetl.  Waabinfrton,  D.  C.    C.  Droxlor. 

l^o'^^.  Mounted.  GoUIoD,  Uol.    C  £.  Aiken. 

1071.  Mounted.  MiddleWro,  Mass.    J.  W.  P.  Jcnks. 

41'^.  Moauted.  Lynn,  Mass.    6«orgo  Welch. 

1070.  Mounted.  (Malo.)    Middleboro,  Mom.    J.  W.  P.  Jonka.     Doe.  3,  U 

inephitis  mexicana,  Gray. — ^^Iexica:^  Sicr^K. — Mexico. 

8566.  Mounted.    Orizaba,  Mex.    3llr.  BottoQi. 

$^pilogale    zorilla,   (Linn.)  Cones. — Litti.b   Stkiped    Skx'xtc. 
Western  United  States  and  Pacific  Slope. 

118d.  Moanted.    S.iuU  Clnra,  CaL    Dr.  J.  S.  Noirborry.    Nor.,  ]Ki.V 

Couepatiiiit     inaptiritOy     (Gmelin)     Cones.  —  AVhite  -  Backed' 

Skunk. — SouUiwcsleni  United  States. 

790  — leee.    Stiu.    Wt-stom  Texas.    Cnpt.  J.  Pope,  U.  8.  A. 

Lutra    canadensiSf  Sab. — Amebioan    Ottku. — XortU    Ami 

gonemlly. 

3380.  Monotod.    Steilacoom,  Woah.  Xcr.    George  Gibba. 
5145-7-4456.  ^fountcd.    Wusbiuj^u,  D.  C.    National  Iiistitutioo. 

Enliydra  marina,  Fleming. — Sea  Otter. — Pacific  Coa^t 

Uuitt'd  .Stales. 

9457.  Mouutcd.    (Adnlt)    Alaska.    Dr.  T.  T.  Minor. 
M&8.  Mounted.    Alaaka.    Dr.  T.  T.  Mloor. 


I'RSID.li;. 

Urnas  horribiliN,  Ord.— Guizzly  Bear. — Western  United  ^1 

and  Pacific  SIoim?. 

1230a  Mottutod.  (10  yoan  old.)  Lanmio,  WyMahis.  HiO«r  TirbH;  (Oi 
tilled  iu  the  Govcmincnt  Iiiaano  Ilottpita],  WaahlAgton,  thva  IS^j 
1^4.) 


AVDC^L  BS80rUCES  AND  PISIIERIEfl  OP  UNITED  STATES. 

IlfrMift  aBtericnnus,  Pallas.— Black  Bsar. — Unit^  States  g^ji- 
I  endly. 

I         UOBOL  lloimtod.    MorUiern  Michigao.    Johu  WiiHaoe. 
Pi 


^lialarclos  marilimiis,  (Linn.)  Gruy.— White  or  Polar  Bear. 

— NorltierH  ^Viiierica,  Kuropo  und  Aisia. 

USnV.  Mounted.    Grcenlund.    John  Wallxico. 

PR0C10I\ID.«:. 


^rovy  on  lotor,  '^Unu.)  Storr. — Raccoon. — United  States  generally. 

.*  1  if"    MoiiiiUmL    Nuttunal  Iiwlitutiun. 

■'■147     MotinUHl.     NatioDol  Institulioii. 

:2i^;^.  iltrant«<L    Wyoming,  N.  Y.    IL  A.  WanL    fiochentcr,  N.  Y. 

.— CoATt3n:r?a)T. — Texas, 

tSTST.  SCoODled.    BrownaviUo,  Tcxoa.    Dr.  J.  C.  MeniU,  U.  8.  A. 


PINNIPEDIA. 

OTARIID^. 

CnllirhinnH    iirMinas,  (Schreber)  Gniy.— Fur  Seal, 
citio  Ocean  and  Bering's  Sea. 


-North  Pu- 


lled.   (Group  of  17.)    Prybilov  Islaodfl,  Alaska.    Alaskn  Commercial 
icuiy,  San  ynuiciaco. 
MomiUr*!.    Alwika.    H.  W.  Elliott. 

Inmrlopift!*  ^telleri,  (Fischer)  Gray.— Sea  Lion^— Pacifle  Coast. 

1:^4^.  Mmmtcnl.     (Fema](!.)    PrybHor    Inlanclii,   Alaako.      Aloiika  Commercial 

Company,  San  FrAXioiaco. 
JiMeid^  Mouot4*d.    (Mule.)    Piybilov  lalantlfl,  Alaaka.    Aiaaka  Commoicial  Co., 
8an  Prancuit'O. 
Kount«d.    (Toung.)    North  racl6c. 


tm   «IUIc«pii 

Coast. 


(Macbain)   OilL— The  Sea  Dog.— PaeiBc 

ll«atir|«d.    8oathcm  Califonua.    Capt.  Baker. 

PHO€ID.£. 


piioci:«.<E. 

«ilfiiin.i«  Linn. — ^TitB  Co3iM0N  Seal;  ITabdor 
Nortli  Atlantic. 

11M6X  Ctwf.    Provincrtown,  Majw.     1W5. 

'<.    (YooDt;.)    V.  8.  Kinh  Commiwion, 
•M.  i  h,     r.  g.  Kiah  Coimaiwiion, 


6  ANIMAL  SESOUBCES  AND  FISHEKIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Phoea  Richardsii,  (Gray)  GilL— Leofaed  Seal.— North  Faeiflc 

3742.  Monntcd.    Califomia. 
12494.  Motmted.    AdakU  Id.    Alaska.    W.  H.  DalL 

Paffophilus  ffrcBnlandicuii,(MiUl.,)  Gray.~HABP  SEAL.~Arctic 

Seas. 

5833.  Mounted.  Sablo  Island,  N.  8.    P.  W.  Dodd. 

dl22.  Mounted.  Frauklin  Harbor,  Arctic  Seas.    B.  McFarlane, 

5451.  Mounted.  Sablo  iBiand,  K.  a    F.  W.  Dodd. 

12040.  Mounted.  St.  John's,  N.  F.    Rev.  M.  Harvey, 

5852.  Mounted.  Sable  Island,  N.  8.    P.  W.  Dodd. 

12039.  Mounted.  St.  John's,  N.  F.    Rev.  M.  Harvey. 

12038.  Mounted.  St.  John's,  N.  F.    Rev.  M.  Harvey. 

Eri^nathnts  barbatns,   (O.  Fabricias)  Gill.— Squase-flipfeb 

Seal. — Arctic  Seas. 

12422.  Skin.    Newfoundland,    Government  of  Newfoundland. 

Histriophoca  eqnestri85  (Pallas)  Gill.— Banded  Seal. — ^Pacille 

Coast,  Arctic  Seas. 

7530.  Skin  (in  collection  of  Furs).    Cape  Bomanzoff.    W.  H.  Dall. 

Pusa  irryphus,  (O.  Fabriciua)  Gill.— Grat  Seal.— Atlantic  Coast 

8694.  Monntcd.    Scclaud.    Zoolo^cal  Mnscum,  Copenhagen. 
C  TSTOPHORIN^. 

Cysfophora  cri^iftata,  (Eitxl.)  iS^ilsson.— Hooded  Seal. — Atlantic 

Coast. 

12043.  MomitocU    St.  John's,  N.  F.    Rev.  M.  Harvey. 

iVacrorhinuA    an^ii^tirostris.    Gill.— Sea   Elefuaxt;   Ele- 
phant Seal. — Paeitlc  Coast. 

12441.  Mouutcd.    (Malu.)    California.    Capt.  C.  M.  Scanunon. 

ROS^ARID^. 

Ro!9maru»  obelus,  (IlUg.)  Gill.— Walkcs.— Xorth  Atlantic. 

11*7(>,  Moiiutod.    Grccnlaud.    Dr.  1. 1.  Ilaycs. 

Rosmaruiii  Cookii,  (Kromeiy)  Gill.— AValrus.— Xortheru  Pacific. 

12403.  Mounted.    Prjhilov  Ishiuds,  Alaska.    Alaska  Commercial  Co.,  San  Fran- 


ANUiiLL  RBS0UHC£3  AUD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Okder.  ungulata. 

DOVED^.. 
BOVINE. 

iivoB    anicricnnus,   (Omflin)   tJniy. — ATtrERicAx    Bitfalo.— 
I'iiuiis  between  Itocky  Aloimtains  and  Missouri  IJiver. 

U&tO.  Moantocl.     Colorado.    C.  £.  Aiken. 

Tibo**  ino4AChalu«,  BlaiuviUe. 

IJ^*-.  Mnnnt^.     (Fwnftlc.)    Arctic  Cooat..  H.  B.  T.     W.  L.  HAnletitle.    JaL. 

).     AImi  ftkelottiu  of  hniue  aiiiiuul. 
laayr,  (Male.)     Arctic  Coa«t.  H,  U.  T.     W.  L.  HiLitlpflti«.     .Inn.  ^i, 

i>^&.    AW>  skv^luton  of  8aiu«  aniinaJ. 
titJOCk  AlouuUd.    (MuJr.j    Ft.  Good  i{u[it>,  H.  B.  T.    J.  S.  OnioiL 


AlVTILOPlIVf. 

lazani.-i    monfannv    (Ord)  Gill.— Moutjtain   Goat.— Norrhorn 
Kocky  MouDtAiuH  of  the  Unite<l  Huites  and  Britisli  AniericJt. 

IIH^M.  Monntrd.     (Malr.)     Mniitftu».     W.  F.  'Wlieoler  and  J,  Arniitam;, 
lt"iXt.  AEountcd.     WudibiU{^ton  Tt-nitory.     V.  S,  Nurthnm  Ilimmlmy  Snrvfv 

ovinje;. 

»TiB   montann,  CuWer. — Biguork;  Moxt^taik  Siteef.— Koeky 
Muuutuiu  regiuDfi. 

lian.  Monotcd.    (Male.)    Ft.  Fettcrmfto,  Dakota.    James  Stcvciisou,  U.  S. 
OeoL  Hurvry. 
Um,  UactUL     U.  U.  AtaUbaawn. 

AilTII.O€.\PRlD.]i:. 

Antilocapra    asnerirann.    Did.— I^roxghoux   Antelope    nr 

tCADREi^. — Plains  west  of  Missouri  iroui  Lower  Rio  Gmude 
to  SaakatchewaiL 
c 


9094,  MnuiiCiH!.     (Malo.)    Ycllowstou©  River.    Dr.  F.  V.  Haydeu. 
M7L  BanuL    Ft.  Cliwlbotinic,  Texas.     Dr.  SviO,  U.  S.  A. 
eOli.  Honu.    Ft  Whi[»i.lc,  ArizoooTy.     Dr.  Elliott  Conee,  L'.  S.  A. 
KB4.  Hiinu.    ITpprr  Ml»Miirl.  f 

CER^^D.C 


Fre*    machSis    (Liiin.)    Gray. — Moose. — Nortbwesteni 

tl9C&  Moontcd.     (Adidf  inulc.)    Nm-n  Scotia.    Geo.  A.  Uoordman. 

tS&l±  Moantrd.    (Ailttit  nwdc)    >fovA  ."^ciitia.     Mr.  J»r-k. 

11<901.  MonntviL    (Vuitui;  t-ulf. )    Nova  Scotia.     Dr.  IWiuord  GUpiu. 

fQ9.  Anllvr*.    Maiiir.    (;riirn>l  i<,  Cburchill,  I'.  S.  A. 
.  AaiUtrt*.    Adiroudacks.  N.  Y.     UcDJ;;  J.  Uiddlo. 


Unitwl 


8  AiaMAL  RES0UBCE8  AND  FISHEHIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Tarandus  ran^ifer,  J.  Brookes,  subspecies  caribou.  Anil. 
Bach. — Woodland  CAitiBor. — Xortbeastem  North 
ica. 

12473.  Monnted.  Uoulton,  Mo.  Uev.  R.  IL  McLeotL 
1^407.  Mounted.  Hoaltou,  Mo.  Rev.  H.  U,  McLratL 
U@65.  Mounted.     Lake  Superior.    J.  BoruBtoo. 

3*J*).  Autlors.    (Female.)    Nelson Kiver. 

yayo.  Autlen.    (Kemaic.)    N'eltwu  River. 

Tarandufi  rangif^r,  (Br.)  siibsp.  g^rcrnlandicii)*.  Br. — Babbi 

Guui  ND  Cajubov. — Arctic  America. 

6255.  Moimtod.    Arctic  AmcrlcA. 

yOo,  Antlers.    Xorth  Greenland.    S.  Sternberg. 

9n;i.  Atitlers.    Xorth  Greenland.    S.  8teml>org. 
67S2.  AnllftM.     Plover  B»y.     Cnpt.  C.  M.  Scnmmon,  U.  8.  E.  M. 
TM9.  Antlere.     Yukon  River.     W.  11.  Dall. 
4036,  Aulleni.    I'urt  FouJke,  X.  Ureexdoxul.    Dr.  I.  L  Huy os. 

"Cerrus   canadensis,  ErxL— A-MERicAy   Elk. — Nortliem    Xoi 

Amonca. 

13474.  Bfonnted.    Ft.  Bandore,  Wyoming.    Cnl.  A.  G.  Bmckett^  U.  8.  A. 
4iri7.  Antlers.    Elk  Co.,  Pf-nna.     Prof.  S.  R.  Haldramn. 
£911.  Antlnra.     Ft.  Bertbold,  MiiiAouh  River.    Lt.  Warrcn,  U.  8.  A.,  Tir.  P. 
Hayden. 

eS7.  Antlers.    Utah.    Col.  0.  Cross,  U.  8.  A. 
5J579.  Antlers.    Platte  River.    Lt.  Bryan,  V.  8.  A. 
3.Vi*2.  Antkm.     Ft.  Tejon,  I^wer  CaL    John  XoutuA. 
3551.  Antlem.    Ft.  Tejon,  Col.    Jolin  Xantus. 

840.  Antlen.    Ft.  Union,  Slo.    A.  Oulbcrtsou. 

7G1.  Antlers.     Ft.  ITtilon,  Mo.    A.  Culltertsnu. 

760.  Antlera.    Ft.  Union.  Mo.    A.  CulbcrlaoiL 
aOlti.  Autlen.     Ft.  BertUold,  Mi&souri  Uivm,    L(.  Worrea,  U.  8.  A.^  Dr.  F. 

Hayden. 
2905.  Antlers.    Ft.  Berthold.    Dr.  F-  V.  Hayden. 
2903.  Aiitlcre.    Fi.  Berthold.    Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden. 
2910.  Antlers.    (Male.)    Ft.  Berthold     Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden. 
a4Sfl.  Autlen*.    Oregon.    U.  8.  Expl.  Exped.    Capt.  WilkoH,  U.  8.  X. 
34^.  Antler-i,     Oregon.    U.  8.  ErpL  Exped.    Cnpt.  W»lke«,  U.  ft.  K, 


Cariacus    virgin£annfi,   (BofMn^it)  Gmy. — VraanctA   I>i 

TJuited  Suites  cast  of  the  Missouri 

Mount«Ml.    Cumberland,  Md.    D.  P.  Widploy.    D*c.  23,  1875^ 

-2&(^.  Monnted.     (Vomigf  femalA.)     Uisdjoine  Bow  River,  Ark.     W. 

Wood-    Sept.  e,  1656. 
Mouut^id.    (Albino.)    Peshtigo,  WIk.    J.  H.  Leawnwcirih. 
Antlons. 

Lcvisbnrg,  Pa.    .1.  C  Djtrl>«r. 


.\ntlcra. 
Antlers 
Antlers. 
Autlcra. 
Antlers. 
Antlera. 


(Male.) 

(Male.) 
(Male.) 
(Mttlo.) 
(Male.) 


Cimtbrrland.  Md. 

Vt.  Mason,  Tt-v.    Muj,  G.  If.  Thomna. 

WuHblnjrtou,  D.  V. 

Arkaufuia.    J.  M.  Stanley. 


SsruxL 


UeSOTTRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 


JUriacuM  f  irgrinianiiH,  (Bo(Ula>rt)  Gray — Contiiined. 

33BX.  Amii-n.  (Molo.)    Ft.  Muiion,  Tex.     Mi\t.  0.  H.  ThnmoA. 

33(f7.  AxiSIata.  (Ualt>.)    Ft.  MKM»n,  Tpx.    lAnj.  Q.  U.  TLomafl. 

HKL  AntUrw  Kt,  \j*nw.  Mo.     .1.  ,S.  Bowmtiti. 
X:-  '  '^ou,  Tox.    Maj.  O.  H.  Tbonioe. 

&  '  1  laiiil,  Mil. 

VXa.  Attiknu  iUmlo,)    Ksm.-x  Co.,  N.  Y. 

fiB6w  Antlm.  (Mjile.)    Bi.  LnntN,  Mo.     J.  S.  Botmuui. 

9M3.  Antlen.  Kcor  Dunvor,  Colo.    E.  Palna-r. 

M77.  AntUnu  (Male.)    Washington,  L>.  C. 

UfSX  A&llftn.  Upper  lUiwonri  T 

'ariacuM  viri^inianus,  (Bocld.)  Gray,  rar.  mexicanus.— Vir- 
ginia Dkku. 

lieco.  MouutwL     TiUnmanctt,  Coeta  Kicn.     I'rof.  \V.  M.  Gabb. 

'aruciifi  macroliSt  (Say)  Grivy> — Mule  Deeb. — Central  North 
America. 

11*W.  Monnt©d. 

1-XKt.  MnitiiUul.     ChryeaDe,  Wyo.     Cftpt.  J.  M,  OUlias  U.  S.  A- 

0615.  AiitlftTK     Pnwi.tl,  Ariz.     Dr.  E.  Coum, 
831.  Antl*-!*.     Big  Sioux,  t    T.  ColiwrUou. 

4t7&  AnUpxv. 

<eil?.  Aiitlen*.     Ft.  Lnrnroio.     Col.  W.  O.  Collins. 

3SdS.  AxLtlen.    Mouutoliu  of  New  Mexico.    Dr.  J.  6.  Nc^Wny. 

CariacUM  coluiiibiauuN, (Rich.) Gray.— Coluhbia BLACKTAaED 
Deeb.— Pacific  Slope, 

M.'a  A)iil^r-i  ^:l_M^f  Pounil.     J.  O.  Swnii. 

»' :  Aiir  1. 1  V  V.  inlby's  Inland,  Pugot  Sound,  W.  T.    Dr.  Goo.  Suckley. 

."*'-"  ^  !■  I.  r>  I'ii_^'  t  Sound.     Dr.  C.  B.  Kcnncrly. 

".  't  A  i:l-  n,  Wiii'iby'a  Iflloiid,  Pugtit  Sound.     Dr.  (Jeo.  Sttckley. 

jDer>  UM  dania,  Liim.— Fallow  Deeq  (iatroduccd). 

IJ^*.  .iutlrnL     Porli,  Clftrkc  Co.,  Vu,     Col.  J-  Fiiley. 
*67.  AntlcTM.    Clarke  Co.,  Vn.     Col.  J.  FiUfry. 

BICOTVI.TD.1:. 


(Icotjltm  torqaalu«,  Cuv.— Pecc.iby 
and  Sontii. 


-Red  River,  Arkansas, 


rCMA.  Mounted.     Tabuuuica,  CoaU  Dlca.    Talomanca  ExpML    Prof.  W.  U. 
Gabb. 

Order.  SIREMA, 
TRICHECHIDiE. 


richerhttn  manadm,  Linn. — Ma:<{atee.— Florida,  West  IndioSi 
und  N.  K.  South  America, 


'Uiuiu«1.     l'I'<tidA.     P.  T.  Bamnm. 
■  (.rUtoii.     noDdji.     U.  A.  Ward. 


10      akiual  resources  and  fisheries  of  united  stated. 

Order,  CETR 

delphiivaptebinje. 

Delpliinaplerii!>«  caloiloii^  (Linn.)  GUI.— WinTE-Fisn  or  Wi 

Wrall:. — ^Vi'ctic   aud   Subui'ctic  Sean    (aucfuUiug    largl 
rivers). 

IS490.  CftsL  Oalfoffft.  IJvwTPnrfl.    O.  R,  Renfrew  &  Co.,  Quobec, 
'IG0U8.  SkelPtnn.    Gnlf  of  St.  Lawrence.    Q.  R.  Ruufrtiw  Ai  Co. 
3tiV.  I'liudignipb.    U.  6.  Fiab  Commiwion. 

Monodon  monoeeros,  Llun. — Xarwhal. — Arctic  Seas. 

1.'>304.  Task.     Greenland.     Pnroliased  from  George  Y.  Nickf^nson. 
DELPHININJE. 

icorliaiiiphiiM  borealiN,  (Peule)  GilL— Right-whale   Poi 

roirjK. — Pacitic  Coast. 

— .  Skeleton. 

DelphiniiM  nairdii.  Dull — B^urd*3  Porpoise.— California  C*4 


lfWi42.  Sk«lotoD.     CaliToniia.     W.  H.  Dull. 

l.'>403.  BkuU.    San  Gabriel  River,  CaL     Lieut.  Borgloud,  U.  S.  A. 


tL. ^,»,_„... 
l-i4i3l.  f  Cust.    New  York  Harbor.    John  W»IIacc. 
Turf9iop«  ercbennus,  (Cope)  GUI.— PoRroiuE.— Atlantio  C 
irt78C.  Skeleton.     Rwkaway,  Long  Id.    Alired  Lawrenec. 
Tur(«iopi«  €}illii,  Ball.— Cow-fibh.— Pikiilc  Coti8t 
I(HW:t.  Skeleton.     Culifaruia.    \V.  H.  Dall. 


Iiagenorhyuchiit«  perMpicHlattiK,  Co2)«.— dicu>*jk  Poupo] 

Kajstern  Coast. 


123a'».  Cast.    Capo  Cod.     Vinul  N.  Edw:ad^ 

La^enorliyaachnM   oblii|iiidcnN,  GilL — Striped   or   Goxmi 

POEPOISi:.— Paeitic  Coast. 
U»29.  Skeleton.     CuUfuniia.     C.  M.  Seamiuon. 

LaKenorliyiicliim  j^iibcruator.  Cope.— Eu.st^i-u  CoasU 

.  Coat.    Caaco,  Kay,  Mo.    XI  8,  VUh  Couiniiiufion. 

La|B;cnorhyiichii*t  leiicoplctiriiMf  (Raiuic!i)  Gray. — Cow- 
liutitcru  Coast. 

19000.  Cut.    Capo  Cod,  Maes.    U.  S.  FUb  CommiMitti. 


ASmCAL  K£80fBCE8  AKD  FISHEUIE8  OP  UNITED  STATES.        11 


torhynchiiM  Ihicolea,  Gniy.— Porpoise.— West  coast  of 
!NartU  America. 

'rra  atra.  Cope. — Killeb. — Pacific  Coast. 

laolB.  Jftv.    CaUfornUi.    Copt.  C.  M.  ScADiTiion. 

Orra  gladiator,  (Bonnaten-e)  Gray,— Killer.— AUautic  Coast. 

llOld.  8kua    SauLk  Atlantic    8.  F.  BuinL 

'horvna  vosncrina,  Oill. — Bay  Pokpoise. — Pacific  Coa»t. 

liiW*.  tJktU'lrtn.    Caltfonilo.    W.  II.  DaU. 

a  linenla,  Coxie. — Striped  1*oupoise. — Atlantic  Coast. 

mi.  Pliwto^roiili.     u.  8.  F.  c. 

'liocjrna  brachycion,  Cope. — The  Snuffing  Pig  or  IIebbing 
Hog. — Atlautic  Coast. 

l-ijy-i.  C*»l.    C»i>e  Cud.    Vinul  N.  Edwnnla. 

tiLOBICEPHALIN^. 

vloblcrphalun  Hcammont,  Cope. — BLACK-Fisn. — Pnoifle  Coast. 

S>076,  :$knU.    Cttlifomia.    Capt.  C.  M.  Bcuamon. 

CvlobiccphaliiN  interBnediiiN,  (Harluii)  Gray.— Black  pi^sn. 
Atlantic  Coa«t. 

1:M79.  Cwt.    (Fmtiu.)    Cape  Cod.    U.  S.  FihU  CommlMtuu. 

r::-'  »■'     vr  pwit,  <7  fijel.)    Cape  Cfld.    EdwanK    \ov.  U,  W;*!. 

I-*: 

l»viii  i..i>.i  ^t&l.    CMtof  btwi.    South  Donuio,  M.iks.    U.  H,  Fish  CommiBsIonT 

ISML  Cant  3Sa.    Cut  of  bead.    South  DcnuU,  Maaa.    U.  8.  Fiah  ComiuisHiau. 
L?75. 

L    ^rAnipii<4  ^iseiiw*  (Cuv.)  Gray. — Gkampvs;  Cow-fish. — XortU 
H  Atlantic. 


ISni  —  irr.O,  .VW.  Ca*t.     Dec.  2,  IM7ri. 

IjJTiJ— l-rCJ,  ,VU.  (^kiilU.     Nov.  iS),  1P75. 

15773  —  137GI,  &00.  Cant  of  hoad  and  caat  of  ^bolo.    Nov.  30,  1975. 

MS  A.  Caat.    (Oi-er  cnlnmcc.) 

(BS.  PbotO};rnpb.  IT.  S,  KUb  CoumiUsion. 

isr»'     r     -    ■•       '  ^iT     Cod^Masa.    V.  N.  Edwarda. 
tv  Cod,  MiiM.     V.  \.  Edwurds. 

t£»U.  tiwt  ot  In  iiil.  Lui'C  Cod,  itiuB.    V.  N.  Edwaida. 


Carampn*     ^Irarnnli,     Dull- Wiuteue  abed    or    Mottled 
OKiUU'iy.— PuL-ilic  Coacit. 

taon.  gboUt«M.  Caurorau.  w.  a  d&u. 


12        ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FTSHERIKS  OF  CKITED  fiTATES. 

zipniiD.!:. 

ZIPIIIINJS. 

ifleNoplodon    ^owerbiensls,    (Blainr.,)    Ger\'ai8. — Sowubbv^ 
Whale. — ^Atlantic  Coast 

AKARWACINJS. 

'Anarnaciifl  Acnaijiinrtus,  (Coik-)  Gi!K— Bottle-head  Whali 
Atiautic  Coast. 

FH1KETERID^C« 
PnTSETKRINJB. 

Physetcr    macrocephaliis,   Liim. — Sferh   Whalx. — Tropk 
poljtan  IScas. 

SSOGfi.  Iron  model.    Made  by  captain  of  wbaling  &Uip.    J.  H.  Tbomp«oa.     X< 

Bedford^  Mass. 
IGOIG.  Jaws.     U.  8.  Fieh  ComiDimiou. 
10047.  JuwB.    National  iDstilute. 
2&004.  WuuUeu  modi-l.    Capt.  Beq}.  BuhwUL    New  Bcdfonl,  Maaa. 

Koj^ia  Floweri,  GUL— Poepoihe  Sperm  Whale.— Paciftc  Coa«t. 

8010.  Lower  jaw.    Lower  ColiTumia. 

BAL^I%OPTERID.K. 
AGAPnELlN.E. 

AgrnplicliiN  g:ibli>09U»,  (Cope}  Cope*.— Bcrago  Wbate. — Axlani 

Ocean. 

Rhachianocles  ^laiiciiM,  Cope,— Gray  Whale. — Paciiic  Oeeai 

13tW3.  ekoli.     CaliforulB.    W.  H.  Dall. 

IflEOAPTKRIIVA. 

ITIegaplera  yersabilis.  Cope— UoiPJiACKAV  HALE. — PacifiaCi 

l\k*i.H.  Vcrtibra.     Alcutiau  lalauda.    W.  U,  Dall 

IVIegaplera  o^phyia^  Cope.— UtmpBACK  Whale. — AUaotio  Ci 

fischrichliUH  robustus,  LiUjebor^.— GrXb6  Whalb. — AUaotd 

Coast. 

BAL^.'VOPTERIIV.C 

!9lbbaldBii9    tectirostrii,    Cope. — Finback   Whax^, — Atlanl 
Ucean. 

IGM^.  Skeleton.    Cape  Cod.    U.  8.  Flab  Coanniirion. 


AiHMlL  BEdOCRCEfi  AND  FISHKRIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        13 

9»ibl>al<liuH  luiM*roi9usi,Cope. — Finback  Wiuui:. — ^AtJantic Ocean. 

llbbaldlUN    borcnliM,    (Fischer)    Geoffit>y. — Sulphvb-bottom 
WnALK.— Atlantic:  Ocean. 

100CO.  SkuletOD.    Cape  Cod.    U.  S.  Fish  Commieiaiou. 

Jdlufl    salAireus,    Copo.  —  Stxpmni-BOTTOM   Whale.  — 
Paciiic  Oceiiii. 


nlirnoplrra    roMfrnta,    (Miillex)  Gray. 
Coaxi. 


lUAJIPUS. — AllHUtic 


t 

^■lalarnoplera  Daridiiionii,  Scamnion. — Shabpheaded  Fixneb 
^B  W^'ilALE. — Pacific  Coofit 


ilj»optcm  Telif^ra,  Cope.— Finback  Whai-e;  Okeqon  Fin 
NEK. — Pa<:ilic  (.)cortn. 


It)0«(t.  Skelttoa.    CaUlbmlo.    Capt  C.  U.  ScAOunoii. 

bajljgmidje;. 


B4il«rna  uiyMlicetus,  Linn.— "Bowhead  Whale.— Arctic  Seas. 


t 


19998.  Mad<>l  In  j»lAKr«r.    From  drawings  and  tnt'Mnremffnta  of  Capt.  C.  M. 
1AM1.  Javra.    Arctic  Ocean.    U.  8.  Fiah  ConimiKiioii. 


^CnbalAua    Cullamarh,    (Cbftmisso)    Cope. — Pacific    Kionx 
^ft  WuALK.— Xortli  Faciiic. 


IfOOl  Uotlcl  in  jtltttttcr.    From  drawinga  and  mcomireiucnta  of  Capt.  C.  }l* 

Sutuinuu. 


;nbalirna  f*i»arrli«*af  Cope. — Kight  Whale. — Atlantic  Coast. 


Order,  INSFXTI\  ORA. 
TALPID.V;. 

Jo|Mi  aqunliriiM,  (Linn.)  Cuv. — Kast«m  United  States. 

3£*C..  Xfouut'Hl.  (Malo.)    Washioffton.  D.  C.    G.  ExuII. 

6K*!.  MoiinU«d.  (Ffmalo.)    AViwhiujfton,  D.  C.    O.  ExnU. 

OSnCL  MuuDted.  Diritiict  of  Colnmbia,  IS^    C.  Droxler. 

XK^  MtraoXtd.  (Albino.)    Vlr^nia,  October  '^),  1846.    D.  F.  Kent. 

>icalop«  arffrnlnlitSt  -^n'^-  &  Bach.—SrL^'EnY  Mole,— Western 
Unitea  States. 

i'^lic.    Mt.  CiiriDcl.  III.    R.  Rldj;way. 
wL    Tremoul.  UL    W.  J.  Bha'T. 


14        AXIMAL  RESOURCES  AITD  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATEl 

f$ca|>ani3»  Toxvn^icndii,  (Bachman)  Pomel.— Onroox   Moi 
Pucitic  Slope. 

39fiX  Motrntcd.     Ore^n>n,     T.  K.  P««le.     U.  &.  Es.) 
19C3.  Monntod.    Ft.  Steibccxfiu,  Waali.  Tcr.     Dr.  i . 

Scapanu»«  Breweri«  (P>achman)  Pomel. — ILmbt-tailed  Mi 

Eastern  United  States. 

8S3.  UooutctL    Cleveland.  Ohio.    Dr.  J.  P.  KirtlttDd. 

Condtliira  rristala,  (Ijiun.)  DUgcr. — SxAK-rfosED  Molb!^ 

cm  ci8mout;uie  iStates. 

'JQ6S.  >lwiui«a.    Woahington,  D.  C. 

Ohder,  glires. 

S€I1RID.¥:. 

iuriis  I'increuN,  Liun. — ^Fox  SQUiRitEL. — Eastern  tlnit^ 

4143.  Monnt«l,    DisTrJct  of  Colmobia.     C.  Drexlcr. 
3-^1  -r  I'^O.  Mounted.    Wostcrn  Mifsouri.     Dr.  I*.  11.  lloy.     16S4. 
4044.  Moiuited.    (Mole.)    Distriot  of  Columbiu.    A.  B.  Jenkins. 


SriiiruN  carolincBB«iii9,  Graelin.— Guay  Squjkrel. — Unit<^  St 


Moiiiit«'d.     Dislriot  i)f  Columltiii.     8.  F.  Rain). 
-12r.2.  Mounted.    Racbip,  Win.     Rev.  A.  C.  Barnr. 
-  120*).  Mounted.     Eacinc,  Wia.     Dr.  F.  H.  Hgy. 
Mounted.    Now  York.    J.  G,  BtOl. 
Mounted.    Washin^onf  D.  C.    J.  K.  Townwnd. 


8i*iiirus   foi^sor,  Peale.— CALrpoRNiA  Gray  Squirrei^ — 

Slope. 

^ilonntcd.    (.Male.)    California.    Dr.  Ucenuan. 


4040. 


1207D. 

12573. 

1M3U. 


Abertii,  Woodhoasc—Tirpr  eared  Squirrel. 
Colorado,  >'c'W  ^lexico,  &c. 

Ikloiinti-fl.  (Male.)  Colora«lo  tSprin^i),  Colo.  C  E.  AikctL 
Mounted.  (Male)  Colorado  Sprinpa,  Colo.  C.  E.  Aikm. 
&louutod.    ban  Francisco  Mt«.,  H.  M.     Dr.  \Yoodlioutk«. 


j^ciurusi  hiidfioniuif,   Palht^.— Red    Squirrel;  Cnicj 
Cismoutane  United  States  and  Aloskii. 

12435.  Mount«L    (Male.)    H.ortfard,  Minn.    .1.  H.  Batty. 
&iA\.  Mounted.    Now  Hniuftwirk.    O.  A-  Bimrflniuu. 
3*2G4.  Mounted.    Lonuuiu  Peak.    J.  Ucuman. 

Tnitiias     Hfrialuw,    (Linn-)    Cnv. — C'nxpMiTnc^iiustvm" 
Slates. 


4013.  Mounted.    WMhington,  D.  C.    A.  .1.  FjUU. 


AllWAL  RR50DECES  AND  FlflHEUlES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


15 


il  JM     qnadri  v  i  f  la  I  un,    (3ay)     Bicb. — ^^rissomi     STniPCD 
SQUinREL. — PnoiDc  81o|iGj  in  nioimtninB. 

.  CaL     W.  Viclle. 
..  CnL    W.  Viello. 

lateralis,  (Hay)  Allen- — 8at*s  Sxnrpni)   SQunmEi — 
Rocky  Mountains,  from  Mexico  nortUwanl. 

Moixnlctl.  Cjitwiu  City,  Ncvjida.  U.  8,  Survey  of  Fortietii  Faranel. 
fiobcrt  Ridjfway.     Mnirh,  Jf^. 

ophiliifii  $;raiiiiiiuruM,  (Say)  Bach. — T-altpornia  OnorND 
SQtnuBFX. — Western  Texas  and  Kew  Mexico  west  to 
Siemi  Xtivadu  Mountain*. 

15.  Muiin(«-<1.     Jaja  Nojralc*,  Sonora.    M(0-  ^^'  H.  Emory,  U.  8.  A. 

■mophilnj-i  KraiuniuriMy  (Say)  Ba<^-h.,  var,  Beechyi*— ^ 

CAUFORMA  (IrOUND  gQUntRKL. — Calu.  iiUil  IjOWtT  Culii., 

we«t  of  SiejTji  Xevadas, 

tted.    T»'j«n  Valley,  Cal.    Dr.  A.  I*.  TTporman. 
luted.    Tojon  Valley,  Cat    Dr.  A-  L.  nwrtiiau. 

'OiopbiJuM  llarriMi,  And.&  Bach.— XIakuis'  Ground  Squiu- 
REL. — The  Great  InUuior  Busiu  and  Lower  CaJifuruia. 

47l-rl600.  Monnted.    Mohave  Desert.    Lieut.  R.  8.  'WilUamBou. 

iopTiiliit  Franklini,  (Sabino)  Birli.— Gray  Gopiier.— ^ 
>'<trlln'ni  lllinuihj  iiortUwai<I  to  thu  8n^katchcwau. 

Skin,    Rai'iae,  Wi«.    Dr.  P.  R.  Hoy. 

lopbiinH  IcrelicaiidiN,  And.  &  Bach. — Bound-tailed 
(i ROUND  SgiriRKEL. — Arizona, 

liKt  MVin.     Fort  Yimm,  Cnl.    Miy.  0.  U.  ThoiuAS. 

lophilUH  tridrccni-lincatus,  (Mitchell)  Aud.  &  Ba<-h.— 
STRlFEDGopriER;  Pli.URiE  SQUIRREL. — Tlic  pniirieH  ot 

r*.ia03.  MoiHiIiHl.     Hi-Ai]  of  ArkiiuRas  River.     Capt.  K.  G.  Beckwitb. 

^pbilUM  tnexlraniifi,  (Erxlcbon)  Wapmer. — Mexican 
Ground  Si^uirhel. — Southweytem  Texas  and  Southern 
New  Mesicn,  southenatwanl  into  Sfoxieo. 

:1l©nnt**il.     E.-n;Ii'  Vaks,  Tf?;n».    Dr.  W.  S.  King,  V.  P.  A. 

»liilaN    Parryl,   Bich. — Parry'a    Marmot.— Northern 
|iart»  of  thu  Continent,  iroui  Iludson^a  Bay  to  BeUrinK^a 
StrsdL 
jW.  UDoatMl.    P.?lly  Lttkr.     R.  R.  MacFarlnof.    .Tano  «1,  ISW. 

UoonlMt.    Uickhiirt  r:iv.-r.  It.  R.  T.     It.  R.  R(m«.    Jnly  4,  Ittta 

KMibt4<|.    Kodiak.     F.  BiHcbuff.    Bept.  13,  nm. 


16        ANIMAL  B£SOURC£S  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Spcruiophiliis  ^pilosoffua,  Bennett— So:<oba  Gjsounp  ^ri 
niuL. — Last^im  base  of  the  Rocky  Mouutaiiu)  north  to  W 

em  Wyoming'. 

SOaO.  Fort  Thoni,  N.  Mex.    Dr.  T.  C.  Henry. 

Speriuopliiliis  Rirhardstoni,  (Sabine)  Bainl. — Tku.01 
GOPUEB. — PUiuH  oi'  Uio  Saakiitcliewan  Houtbwurd  to  tl 
Upper  Missouri. 

ISaeO.  8Idn.    Fort  Sauuders,  Wyo.    Col.  A.  0.  Bradcett. 

^pcriuophiiiiN     TovrnNendi,    Bach. — TowNSGia>^s     Gboi 
SQum&EL.. — Plains  ot'  Columbia. 

3776.  Camp  Lloyd,  Utah.    Capt.  J.  H.  Simpson,  TT.  S.  A. 

fKperniophiliiN   annulnluH,  Ami.  &  Bach. — Kesged   Groi 
tiQUicuEL. — Plains  of  Colima,  Mexico. 

.  Skins. 

Cynoiiiys  liidovi(*innuM,  (Onl)  Baird. — Pbaiiue   Dog.- 

plains  cast  of  tho  Eocky  Mountains. 

4037,  Mounted.     (Foinalo.)    Plait*  River,  Ark.     Dr.  WooilbouBo, 
7770  — »46.     Mounted.     (Mule.)    Ft.  Lamed.    Dr.  E.  Conca.    M»y  31,  IflJil 
lUr^H.  MountoiL     Colorado.    J.  H.  Butty. 
i>ool>.  Moimti'd.    Soda  Springn,  Colo.    Jas.  Stovooaon. 

Cynoniys  coluntbianus,  (Ord)  AUen.— Shoiittailed  Pr. 

Dog. — The  parks  and  plains  \ntliin  and  ww*t  of  tbe  Rocl 
Mountains  to  the  plains  of  Columbia. 
C649.  Monutcd.     Fort  Bridger,  Utah.     C.  Dr«xlor. 

Ar€toni>f$  inonax,  Linn. — ^Woodchuck. — ^Eastern  Xorlh  Amei 

aores.  Mount«<l.    Wyoming,  N.  Y.    H,  A.  Ward,  Roi^lientflr,  N.  Y. 

Arctoniys  calig'aluH,  Eschw:hoItz.— yoBxnwE.sTBBN  ^LAJUiOTd 
Puget'a  Sound  northward,  west  of  the  Rocky  Mounl 

949.1.  Mounted.     Ft.  Keniig,  Alaska.     F.  Bisohom    May  10,  IPf©. 
1*2485.  Mounted. 

Arctomys  llavirenler,  Aud,  &  Bach.— Yellow-footed 
sioT. — ICocky  Mountains  wost  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 

C^;U.  Mounted.     Fort  Anderson.    XI.  MtiFailauc. 
W^.  Mounted.    Near  Fort  EUiB,  Montana.    W.  B.  Phitt. 

nAPLODO]%TlD>i:. 

Haplodontia   leporina.  Rich.— Sewellel  ;  Sa0WT*L. — Pi 

Slope  (eajwcially  about  Pugct^s  Sound)* 

IJWii.  Monutcd.    (Mall".)    Ft.  Steilaootmi,  Wuh.  Tcr.    Dr.  tKK>.  Muiktrj 
4(MG.  Mouuled.     Piij;«t'rt  Sonod.    Ex.  Ex. 


A5I1UU  RE80URCE8  XJSD  F18BEBIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


17 


CASTORID.E. 

or  ranadeiiHB«,  KuhL — Amkhic.vn  Ueaveb. — United  States 

97"!,   Mimntr.l      rV.uin:i  )     TKnry  Fork,  O   Tf.     Pi ,  F.  V.  Haydcn.     Oct.,  1870. 


Iromy*  biirnariuft,  lUcb. — Pouched  or  Pocket  GopnEn. — Mis- 
•ouri  (u  M-iunesota  and  Xebraska. 

91.  IfaontwL.    ColombU  River,  Oregon.    Acwt  Nat.  Sci.  PbiU. 

reomys  tuza,  (OM.)  Coucs.— Florida  Salama?<der.— Southeast- 
eru  States. 

1I1K15.  SkuiB.    JadoouriUe,  Fla.    G.  Brown  Ooode. 

■!>'■   rsMtanops,  Haircl. — Texas  Pouched  Gophkk.— Texas 
aud  N€*w  Mexico. 

4U*7.  Moantrd.     noiit-ii  Fork,     Lt,  Abcrt. 

*liOiiioin>'s  Inlpoides,  (Rieb)  Bnii'd.— Caufounia  GorniiE.^ 
Nonlitra  uud  Western  ^S'ortli  America. 

3C6— ISWU.  Moaated.    Monterey,  California.     Lt.  W.  P.  Trowbridge. 

Tboi»oniy«  rluMiiiiv,  Cone*. — Small-footed  Pouched  Gopher. 
^^  — Uocky  Mouutain». 


BltintL.     F1.  Uridg«r,  Utah. 

nrRiDJE. 


^ 


Has  deriimanuN,  Pallati.— Brown  Bat. — Uoited  States  geuerally. 
(Iutroduc4Ml.) 

S»M7,  Monntod.     ^Mbin^a,  D.  C. 


|i 


^os*  ra(lu««  Linn. — Black  Rat. — United  States  ^f^merally,  but  rare. 

(Iutro<Iiic<4,) 

»^»a.  Skin.    Foiburg,  Pa.     S.  F.  Baml. 


Jilaia  muwrnlus,— Common  Mouse.— United  States  generally*.    (lu- 
crodacod.) 

Moiut«d.    (Albino.)    IHtfttiet  of  Colnmbia. 

[rSprromyn    leuropiiiw,    Wagner.— WniTn  footed    Mouse.-^ 
.NiirtJjeru  Tuited  States  west  of  tlie  MissisHippi  River. 


laoa.  Mnnnted.    Halifux^  \.  8.    A.  Dowuo* 

Bull.  K.  JL  Xo.  14 3 


18        ANIMAL  RESODECES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


Erefhizon    domataK,  (Linn.)  Flcni.,  rar,  dorAatUA« — Vr\ 

ILUUED  PoRcupi>-E.— Northern  Uuit**il  SlalfJi. 

11036.  Mounted.    Moiiw.    John  Wallace. 

12400.  Muuuttid.     (Female.)    Mt  WafrhingtoOi  N'.  H.    C.J.King.    July  3.  It 


IVeotoiiia  lloridana.  Say  &  Ord.— Florida  Kat;  Wood  Rat.-- 

Atlautic  Bloi)e  northwiird  to  \ew  York. 

4334.  Mooutcd.    Hillsboru,  Va.    N.  Janney. 

feolonia  cinerea,  (Onl)  Bnird.— Rocky  Mountain  Rat, — Pocifl^ 

Slope  and  Upper  Missonri. 

5665.  Mounted.     Fort  Liord,  HudBoa'i  Uny  Terr.    Rom  and  Hardeaty. 

I  Fiber  zibelliiciis,  Cuv. — Musk  Rat— United  States  genemllj 

^ 4060.  Mounted.     (F«nalo.)    Duitria  of  CotumliiA.    R.  0.  PoUnnL 

I     Eret 

I 

~      Erelliizon    doi^aliif^,  (Linu.)  F.  Cuv.,  ror.  opiianthu!«. — Yf.i 

ILow-nAiKKn  PoRCUPDfE. — I'lU-'itic  yiopo  an<l  Tjiper  M\ 
soiiri  regioDu 
Lepi 
Lcpi 


9745.  Mciiiutcd.    Fort  Bridger,  Wyoming,    Dr.  F.  V.  Uaydeo,  U.  8-  Gcolu^ 
Sept.  2d,  ld70. 

SuDOBDER  DUPLICIDENTATA. 
LEPORID.V:. 

ricpiiN  llruidiiN,  Fab.,  rar.  arcticus.— Polar  Hare, — ^^Vrctic  and 

(Subarctic  Aniciica. 

1356.  Monnt«fL    (Young.)    Newfoundland.    John  Dcnuu.     Simuiuir  If 
61HL  Mounted.    Newfound! anil.     J.  R.  WiUls. 
3&3.  MouuRhI.    Newfuundliind.    J.  G.  Bell.    Wlntnr  IB54. 

Lepus  ameiicaniiSf  KrxL,  rar,  ameriranus,  AHcu. — Xok* 
EK.\  JLlAREj  White  Uaue.— Xurthc^iiiioru  ^'ortU  Aim-Tn-, 

12478.  AIouDted.    Cumbcrlnnd.  M<L     D.  P.  Wetjdey. 


k 


Lepii9  ainericanii«4  End.— Xortuebn  Hare;  White  ItABBtTi. 

Ahij^kii  imd  ItritiHh  Xortli  America  c««t  of  the   Hod 
Mountains. 


4430.  Momitcd.     (Male.)    Ft,  Liunl,  H.  B.  T.    Robert  KenaicoU. 


LepuH  americaniis,  rar.  Tir^inianuiu — Vucginla  n. 
Ka6t<!m  Cuitod  States  aoatU  of  Nova  Scotia. 

110177.  Mcmntrd.     .T.  G.  Boll, 
iKi).  Mounted.    Mlddkboro,  MftM.    J.  W.  P.  Joob. 


■hia 


rniAL  RESOCRCES  ASD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


19 


LrpuM  amrrlcaniinf,  Krxl.,  var.  i;%'aiiiEiing:tonii.— Ukd  IIare.— 
WtBt  of  Rocky  Honntains  ftom  Columbia  River  into  BritiKb 
Colnmbia. 

3617.  UoootcMl.    Clulonejnitk  Depot,  Oregon.     Dr.  C.  B.  Kennerl.v.  V.  «.  A. 

Lrpu*  americanns,  Erxl.^  var.  Bairitii.— Baiud'h  Hare.— 

Higher  {r^rtM  of  Kocky  !Muiintain8. 

4:^w.,   .M.Muitml.     (Female.)     Wind  Kivcr  3InaDtaiii8.     Dr.  F.  V.  Iluydcn. 
&Hrj.  Mi,u»r.iid.     HwmI  of  nntbcjid  Uiver,  WaHhiiigtonTy.    Dr.  C.  B,  Kcancrly, 

a.  W.  HcuiiMlnry  Suircy.     Wint^T  l.^>. 
371IL  UoantriL     Ft.  ItriU^ijr,  Utah.    J.  If.  Siui{wtnu. 
303.  Momiti'd.    Shoalwaicr  Buy.    Dr.  J.  G.  Uooper,  Pacific  R.  R.  Snrvcy. 

UokU  :>,  1KG4. 

i«pa«  caniprNtriMf  Bucli. — Puairie   IIahe. — Ceutral   plains   of 
North  America. 

I.Mi:^  Monut4Nj.    Upper  Mte»uuii.    Dr.  F.  V.  UayUen. 

*»*(».  Mwintc4l.     (Mnle.)    Deer  Creek,     Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden.     Dec.  IHl,  1839. 

6tf  —  97*2,  Mtitiu!i.il.     Ft.  Uiiinii,  Neb.     T.  CiiHicrtwii. 
ISOVi.  Monulid.     (Malo.)     rrenchman'ttC'it'ok,  MontAun.     Dr.  E.Cou«sU.S.A^ 
>'cirthcni  Bouudary  yiirvcy.    July  5,  ld74. 

I«cpu«  callolifj,  Waglor. — Jackass  IIake;  Jack  Uabbit. — SonUi- 
W4;«toru  United  States.  . 

1170.  MonntH.     Klamatb  Lakr.    Dr.  J.  S.  NfwlMTT:!-. 

6V77.  UotutM.    (Femalo.)    Ft.   Whipple,   Arizona.     Dr.  E,  Cones,  U.  H.  A. 
M*y  17,  1^^. 
«S0.  Vountnl.     Red  River,  Aric.    Capt.  Morey. 

.epa«i  ralifbrnicuN,  Gray. — Califobnia  IIare. — CaUfornia. 

IlOm  Mounted.    Ci&Ufoniia.    J.  G.  BeU. 

t9S0,  MonntwI.    IVtalnuia,  CftUfbmia.     E.  Satniiela. 
tflS86.  Muutit«d.     Cape  St.  Luc»n.     Jidni  XauttiK, 


I«cpn»  MflTalocuN,  Biuh. — Gray  Rabbit.— Eastern  lJnit«.*d  States. 


124gX  UiHintrfl.  F»tr&x  Co.,  Yo.     O.  Browu  Go«k)c. 

HOOD.  Unanti-d.  N^w  York?    J.  0.  K<-II. 

tltML  M<mut4^ll.  New  rorkf    J.  n.  TU<1I, 

4<n7.  ai«nuil4Ml.  New  Vvrk.    J.  0.  BeU. 


I»rpn«  Barlirnani,  WaterhonKc.— Raoitilvn's  TIare.— Texas. 

sa*  ;  243.  Sklui.     Iir^>vi  luiv  Ulc,  Tejtiis.     Couch  ftud  Vun  VUot, 

irpns  «ylraliritM^  Riu^h.^  rar.  Aiidiibonii. — Audubon^s  ITarr] 

— SiiuUu'ni  Arizona  ami  CiiliUmjia. 

UM.  Moaat4Hl.    6art  Diej^,  Cul.     Dr.  J.  F.  Haiumond.     Dec.,  ISSS. 

UnHstj.'vl.    (Female.)    San  Diogo,  CoL,    Dr.  J.  F.  HauunowL    Dee.  W^ 


20        ANIMAL  RESOUBCES  AKD  FISHESIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

liCpus  sylTaticus,  Bach.,  var.  I¥uttalli.— Saqe  Babbit.— United 

States  west  of  97th  meridian. 

8896.  Mounted.     (Female.)    Camp  Grant,  Ariz.    Edward  Palmer.     Feb.  20, 

1867. 

Lepus  Trowbridg^ii,  Baird. — Tbowbsidge's  Hare. — California. 

1183.  Mounted.    Santa  Clara,  Cal.    Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry.    Nov.,  1855. 
2974-^351.    Mounted.    Petalnma,  Cal.    £.  Samaols. 

£«epus  aquaticus.  Bach.— Wateb  Kabbit. — Gulf  States. 

2306.  Mounted.    Prairie  Mer  Kongo,  La.    Jamea  Fairie. 
2309.  Mounted.    Prairie  Mer  Rouge,  La.    James  Fairie. 

Lepunf  palustris,  Bach. — Mabsh  Babbit. — Sontheastem  United 

States,  on  lowlands. 

4018.  Mounted.    St.  Simon's  Island,  Ga.     Dr.  Wilson.    1860. 
1250.  T  Mounted.     Society  Hill,  S.  C.    M.  A.  Curtis.    1856. 
1C21.  Mounted.     St.  Simon's  Island,  Ga.    Dr.  S.  M.  Wilson. 

Order,  EDENTATA. 

DAStTPODIDiG. 

Tatu$(ia  feiepteiii-rinctiis,  (Linn.,)  Gray. — Armadillo. — South- 
Avestoni  United  States  and  South. 

10197.  Mounted.     Tobasco,  Mexico.     C.  H.  Laszlu. 

Order,  AMARSUPIALI, 

Didelphyi»(  rirg^iniana,  Shaw.— Possoi.— United  States  gener- 
ally. 

l^r>l.  SttiftVd  skins.     Family  grouj)  of  jiiuc.     Wasliiugton,  D.  C.     G.  Brown 
Goode. 


II.  BIRDS. 

Fix)m  want  of  space  it  has  not  been  thought  deskable  to  exhibit  a 
coUectiou  of  North  American  birds. 


XSlUkL  OESOUBCES  AXD  FISUERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        21 


III.  REPTILES. 


Order,  CROCODILIA. 

CROCODILTD^. 

CrocodiluA  americanu^i,  Seba. — Florida  Crocodile. — Soiitli- 
vni  Floiida. 

Kl^.  MounttHl.    Biaonyne  Day,  Flu.     Parcbrwed  fixiiu  H,  A-  Wunl. 

.liiicator  inimii«iiiiippBen8ifii,  Damlin. — Aelioator. — AoiitlieaMt- 
cm  Xurtli  AiufU'ica. 

iO-o.  <.;Mt.    Jjiok«»uvaie,  Flii.    F.  C.  Goodc 

Order,  TESTUDINATA. 

TESTUBIIVID^. 

Tr*tudo  cjirolinn,  Linn.— Florida  GorncR-ToRXOisE.— South- 
t^itstfnj  Xortlj  America. 

9G^.  <*aiit.    Flnrida.    G.  Brown  Go(h1c. 

Teiitudo  Bf  rlandsers,  Agassiz. — Southwestern  Uuited  States. 
mm.  BrowngrUle,  Tox.    Dr.  J.  C.  MenriU,  U.  S.  A. 

£inTI>BDJE. 

IMalaroc3eniniyH  palMNtript^Gmclin. — Diamond-back Terrapix 
I  — Coast  irom  2Cew  York  to  Texas. 


ihH.    J.  W.  Mflnor. 
li<\  L».    G.  Kobn. 


*flettdcm}«     ruKosa,    Slmpr. — IIedbellied    T£RRA^I^^ — New 
JeTMcy  l<j  Virginia. 

fHUk.  Cast,    Klnirton,  N.  C.    J.  W.  Miluor. 


P%cadeiny»t  concinna^  Leconto. — Florida  Terrapin. — South- 
eswilcni  I'uitctJ  States. 

TC^.  Ca^r    flt.ri.lii.    rnt^^sor  Bolrd. 


22        ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  PlsnEKIES  OF  UNITKD  STATES. 

CHEL¥DRID^. 

inLacro€bel)'s  laccrtanar  Scliw. — Axligatob  Titstle. 

9ail.  C»8t.     Greenville,  Hiss.     S.  W.  Fergtuon. 

Chelydra  serpentinat  Lum. — Snatfing  Tortoise. — Caaada 
Ecuador. 

8&10.  Cut.    WMhtQgton,  D.  C.    JOMpli  Palmer. 

TBIOIVYCEUO^. 

'Aiipidonectrii  fepox,  Hcbvr.— Soft-shell  Tuhtlk. — G<M)rgia 
Wostoni  Loiiisiaua. 

970a  Cnst.    Millcdi^villo,  Oft.    Torleton  H.  Bean. 
6d89.  Florida,     rrofeasor  Baiixl. 

AfipidoncctCM  spinifVr,  I*cs. — Soft-siiell  Txtbtle. — Middle 

uorthcru  ti-ibiitaries  of  tbe  Missisisippi  and  the  Saint  hix^ 
ruucc 

8300.  Mounted.    Bidhi|i;SDii,  Ind. 

9614.  Alcoholic.     Mt.  Carnicl,  111.     R.  Ridgway. 

CHELOIVUD^. 

rhrlonia  inyi1n«,  Srhw.— Green  Turtle.— Atlantic  Coo8t  soul 

ol'  Lou^'  Islaud. 

8393-f-l5267.  Coat  iu  papior-morli^.    New  York  inark«t.    E.  O.  Blackford. 

ChelonJa    vir^ata,    Schw. — ^Pacifio   Green   TmtTLia. — PaHi 
Coast. 

9639.  Cant.    San  Diego,  CaL    O.  N.  HiUJioook. 

ThalaA^ochelyn  caoiiana,  LLnn. — Logoerread  Tltrtlk. 

838G— ir,2:ji).  Cast.    Now  Y«rk  warket,    £.  G.  Blackford. 

Eretmochelyn     imbrioata,   Linn. — Hawk's  bill   Timxi 
!S«jutlieru  AtlauUc  Coast. 

.  Oast.    Xfiw  York  market.    £.  O.  Blackford. 

ErefinochelyjUHqiiaBnatfa^Liun. — ^Pactpic  IIatyk'«  bill  Tntxi 

— Pacific  Const. 

1338a.  8b«Ua.    F^i  laland.    U.  &  Expl.  Ksi>edi(ion. 

ipharffl!«  coriacra,  Kondtlct.—LEATHERBACK Turtle, — Atl 
Coujst  to  Mass;ichiisett«. 

83ad-rU^;;.  Cast.    Kew  York  market.    E.  0.  BlacklbnL 


ASni^UL  BES0URCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        2S 


V.    FISHES. 


Obder.  pediculatl 

]IIAI.TI1£IDJ!:» 

Jtlic  cubilVonH,  Bicli. — Sea  Bat. — West  Indian  Fauua. 

167W.  Cftftl.    St.  Aa^fitine,  Fla.    Dr.  J.  M.  Laing,  U.  8.  A. 
euo,  Pbotograph.    U.  &  Fish  CommUeion. 

LlUie  Tespertiilo,  (Linn.)  Cav. — Sea  Bat. — West  IntUan  FaunaT 
1S57&*  Alcdholie  vpecuaen.    Amastms.    BritiaU  Museum. 

I.OPHIID£. 


•opiiius  pE*(ratorinfl,IJnn. 

tu  Cupu  llatteraa. 


^oosE  Fisn:  Angler. — Nova  Scotia 


l£Q^  Alcoholic  BT>eriinoD.    Tcmipldnsrille,  N.  Y.    Coplry. 

nam.  Cjwt.     Wo-xlV  HoH,  Mus.  •  U.  S.  Fish  CommiB«ioD.    Jmie  22,  1873. 

l$$S4.  Coot.    WuoU'ii  Hull,  Maas.    U.  H.  FiBh  Cuimauttion. 

U;  13^  14,  IS.  Fhologniphs.    U.  S.  Fiiih  CouuniaBion. 

AlfTEIVIVAUIlD^. 

Ptcrophryne  hiMtrio,  (lann.)  Gill. — Mouse-fish. — ^Tcla^c. 

H  ttOex  Aloubolic  8]iocimeii5.    Wood'ti  UoU,  Muui.    Y.  N.  Edwonb. 


Oedf-r,  plectognathi. 

]flO]LID^. 


.^ola  rotamln,  Cuv. — Sun-fish. — Newfoundland  to  Cape  llatteraa. 

A»t.  Nniuik.  Couu.     ir.  S.  Fifth  Coimiiissioii.     Sppt.  Ifi,  1874. 

'  J^.1.  Vi.:uik,  Conu.    V,  S.  FJsh  CommiHBlon.    Sopi.  IG,  1874. 

1.  ;  '■{.    IT.  S.  Fuh  Commissioa. 

ifri.  Lo-.-.  .*^ich.     (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Comtnlssion. 

DIODOIVTIDjE. 

iiloniycteni**     ceos»elrU*ti8,     (Linn.)     Kuup. — ^BtTE-Pisn.— 

tM*iilJi  ulCiipc  ('(Hi;  \Ve«t  Indiun  Fauna,  &o. 

155W.  Tm*-    K*w  York  innrkot.    E.  0.  Bhwkfonl.    Oct.  7,  1875. 
li^'  U.  8.  Fish  CoinniiHaion.    Aug,  1, 1S73. 

:  iid.)    U.  S.  Fiah  Commiasiun. 


24        ANIMAL  KESOURCES  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATEflL 


Chiloniycterns  l^iU^inosus,  (Do  Kay,)  Gill. 

13936.  Alcoholic  spucimcn.    Watch  Uill,  B.  I.    U.  8.  Fuh  CommiMion. 

IS,  1874. 

Trichodiodon  pilosis^,  (Miidi.)  BIeck<?r.— IIaiby  Box-pi81I. 
Cai)0  Cod  to  Cai)e  liattenus. 

.  Alooholio  specimen.    Bccsly'A  Fouit,  N.  J.    Pro£  8.  F.  Baird.     1^4* 

TETRODOIVTID^. 

Tetrodon  liCTi?alu«iy  (Linn.)  GilL— Babbit -fish. — Cape  Cotl 
Florida. 

148tt7.  Coat.    Vineyard  Sound.  Mjuh.    IT.  S.  Fish  Commiasion.    J  ulf  13,11^4. 
3, 3.  PhotographA.    L'.  6.  Fiuh  Cominiwiou. 

ChilichthyM  turgidns,  (Mitcb.)  GilL^SmxLL-FiBH. — Cape  Cod 

Florida. 

10740.  Cost.  Wood*8  IToll,  Mam.  U.  S.  FiHb  ComuuBsiott. 
499.  Color  sketch.  (Richard.)  U.  8.  Flah  CoauniMiuii. 
CI&-l(i.  Color  sketch.    Fmf.  Alex.  Agmtsi/. 

08XRACIIOJB. 

Ostraciuni     quadricorne,    Linn.— Cowfibh.— West     Tndiai 
Fauna. 

10006.  Cost.    BonuudM.    G.  Brown  GomIa.    March,  1^*.'. 
661.  Color   skcUb.     (Burkhoidt.)    Florida.    Prof.  Alvx.  Agauix.    AUvu 
Boston  Aquarial  Garden  June,  ISGO. 

Ostracium  triqnetrnm,  Linn.— Cuckold.— West  Indian  Faui 


ILactophry!4  Iriffonus,  (Linn.)  Poey. — Thvnk-kisu. — ^West 
Fannaj  occasional  in  MaBsavhusetts. 
: 


57»-a0.  Color  sketch.    (Borkhardt.)    Santa  Cru2.    Piof.  Alex.  AgMrit; 

J».'flric». 


^20010.  Alcoholic  spodxnons.    Wood's  Holl,  Mass.    V.  N.  EdwanU. 

BaliMtcM    rin^en^it    Liiui. — Spotted    File-fisu. — Wc»t    lot 
Fauna. 

581.  Color  Bktioh.    (Burkbanlt.)     hOaud  of  Bombroro,  W.  I.     l^tuf.    A 
Agwals.    Sept.,  18&8. 


Balii^tCM    vetnfla,    Linn. — Oldwife;    Fu^i'Fisn. — ^Wc«t    In^ 
Fanua;  accidental  on  con8t. 


UftnO.  Vml.    Wootl'fl  Iloll,  .Mnss.     i 
[1380.  rhoiograph.     IT.  8.  Kisb  Cm. 


Cotmnlirfan.    Oct-  9^  1373. 


AxnuL  RBsoiracES  and  fji^uekies  of  united  states.     25 

1'<23X  Aleolioltc  9pocinbcu.    Kiwt  Cotist.    John  SnUicrlonil. 

itcphanolcpiM    Hrtirer,  (Bcunet)  GilL— BxoncR'd  FiLE-Fisn. — 
Xova  t^oUu  to  Floriila. 

1G&19.  Akv>ltn)ic   Mfwimeu.      Wood's  Hull,  Masa.      IT.  S.  Fiah    Committ^iou. 
N-pt.,  IHTS. 
ea?.  C'llorMki'trli.    (Burklinnlt.)    C«|ioCod.    Frut  AlejcAgoaftis.    Aug.,  1859. 
49a  t  tu    (UicboFd.)    Wood'a  Boll,  Maaa.    U.  8.  FUh  Commi^ou, 

\mtharhiuun  occideralalis. — West  Indian  Tauna,  &c. 

1j874&,  AltMihoUp  spcriiuoii.     ChrJMiprfiko  Ituy.     Capt.  JoUd  Evans.     Oct.,  1875. 

Jntrra  cnMpicaiida,  De  Kay. — Losg-tailed  File-fjsh. — Cape 
Ctii!  to  FIi>ri(l;i. 

t04l.  CmU  Wood'i»  Roll,  Mass.    XJ.  S.  FitOi  CoinmEasioii.     Sept.  13,  1875. 

1SS6S>.  Oa*l.  Xwir  Yurk.     E.  O.  IMackfoM. 

ljfiI7,  C»»l.  Now  York  mitrket.     E.  it,  Bluckford. 

ISiOI.  Cortl.  N.?w  York  market.     E.  G.  Blackford.     Oct.  9, 1875, 

4W-15-1 L  Cithir  Hkctclie*.     U.  S.  FUh  Ci>iutuiMt>iuu. 

>rmtarantho«  anrantiaciiM,  (MitcU.)  Gill.— Orange    File- 

n.su. — (.'ajMi  C'otl  to  Florida. 

140I4.  C«««.    WocKrH  Koll,  Mjum.    U.  8.  Fiidi  Commismon.  Aug.  14,  1873. 

1>  WiXMi'-i  tloll,  Ma.H«.     IT.  S.  Fish  Couimifwion.  Aug.  M,  1>C3. 

141'  Woud'k  liull,  Muiw.    U.  U.  Fiah  Cominiaaion.  Aug.  14,  ltf7X 

S^  •  t  It.  I'botugrapliit.     V,  8.  Fiah  t*tiiuiui»!sioii. 


OuDEn,  LOPHOCRANCHIL  ' 

IIQPPOCAinPID^. 

t^pocaIupuM  auaoquoriiiu,  Ll-ucU. — SK\-noBSE;  Horsefisu. 
— Ctipe  Cud  to  Ca^Hj  llattoraH. 


XS044.  AJdobnlic  «ppclincn.    St.  George's  Banks.    0.  Brown  Go<k1c 

NYmCiI%ATUID^. 


Ifomrnathiiv  Prckianas,  Storor.—PiPE-FUin.— Newfoundland  to 
CuiH>  lliittt?ra8. 

lOfltt.  Alcobalic  Rpcrlttii-iL    Wood's  UoU,  Ma«.    U.  &  Fish  CoaunisBiou. 


26        ANIMAL  BE80UBCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITKD  STATES, 


Order.  TELEOCEPHALI. 

HETEROSOMATA.  ,      . 

^AchiriiN  linratisN^  (Linn.)  Cuv. — Ajserican  Sous;  Hog  Cnoi 
— Ciipe  Cod  to  Florida. 

15743.  Cast,  (uppor  side.)    Wood's  HoU,  Mom.    IT.  S.  FUh  Conunlaatoa.    ¥* 

81,  1874. 
15743.  Cast,  (uudur  tddo.)    Wood's  Hull,  MiUH.     U.  S.  Pltdi  Commjauoii.    k'> 
21.  li?74. 
380.  Photogrnpli.    U.  S.  Fish  Commiauao. 

448.  I*hotogr:iph,  (upper  side.) 

449.  Phatograpli,  (under  eido.) 
561.  Color  sketch.    PruC  Alex.  AgassiK. 

Solea  vulgariN,  Queusel. — Sole. — Coast  of  £ait>pe. 

1^13.  Cast.    Knglaud. 

16.  Phptograpb.     U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

pleuroivectidje:. 

'Eii4*ha9nrodflif«  PcifiBaanii,  Gill. — PrxNAai^  Flatfish. — Ti 

only  iu  Salfiu  Jliirlwn*. 
5368.  Aloohulio  specimen.    Soleui,  Mass.    F.  W.  PainAni. 

PiiicuclopBeuronectes  aniericanus,  (Walb.)  Gill. — Flat- 
WiNTEE  Floi^ndbe.— Nova  Scotia  to  Cap©  Ilattcms, 

14911.  Cust,    Wood's  IIoll,  Mtws.  U.  ff.  Fifth  Commission.  Jaly  S3,  187a 

15693.  Cast.    Wood's  HoU.  Moss.  U.  8.  Fish  Commission.  Deo..  187X 

lo701».  Cast.     Woods  UoU,  Aluas,  U.  S.  FisU  Coinmissioii.  Fob.  2ei.  l(?74, 

14(191.  Cast.    Woo<rs  Holl,  Mam.  TJ.  S.  Fisli  Cummiasiou.  Fob.  20,  1874. 

14913.  Cost.    Wood's  UoU,  Mass.  U.  S.  Fisli  Commiaaiou.  Feb.  2,  1874. 

15934.  Cast.    Wood's  lioJl,  iljiaa-  U.  .S.  Fwli  Commiwinn. 
1«,  19,  20,  21,  22,  360.  Phntogrjiplis.     U.  S.  Fish  Commlasion- 

7SJ.  Color  Bkol<;h.     (Ricluird.)  U.  8.  Fish  Commission. 

inyzopsetfa  ferrcigrflnea,  (Htorer)  Gill— Rustt   Floukoi 

Xova  8cotiii  to  Cape  CwL 

15068.  Coat.    New  York  market.    E.  G.  Blackford. 
15067.  Cast.    New  York  murk«*t.    E.  O.  Blackford.    Murch  22,  18?a, 
S3.  Photograph.    U.  8.  Ilah  CommlMlan. 
TdO.  Color  sketch.    (Richard.)    U.  &  Fish  Commiasloiu 

'leuroncclcN  jrllaber,(Ston*r)  Gill,— Smooth-back  Fx-otwri] 
NortbiTc  >'uw  Englaod  Cou^t. 

SOarai  Caat,    Portland,  Mo.    Torleton  H.  Bmu. 


A.T5IMAL  EESOUBCE8  AND  FISnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


27 


rlyi»locepbaSuM  cyno^BossiiH,  (Linn.). Gill.— Pole  FLousroEa, 
— Muim^. 


V^ 


I      U.  8.  I'ish  CoinmiNainu. 

i>eciiucn.    TrfAlV  IiilaDiI,  EfMtport,  }le.    U.  8.  Fiah  Commift- 


ttuu,    Aug.,  1372. 


lOphop^etta  itiai*ulaflaf  (Mitch.)  Gill.— Watery    Flounder; 
t^poTTED  TrEUOT^— Capo  Cod  to  Cape  Hatteras. 

I'fDV  rant.    >VrM«riii  HoU,  Mans,    V.  S.  Fiali  C'oiuinifwion. 
wl.     WfKHl's  HoU.  Mxis.     V.  S.  FUU  CoimuiHsioa. 
.  ~.  .  r.  i'Ui>Ii>}p^iph>(.     I'.  8.  Fiitli  CouiniisHinn. 
T*>-1,  Color  sketch.     (RiohardO    U.  S.  Fiah  Conuniaftion, 

hxriiop«elta  ocrHarfif*,  (T>o  Kay)  Oill. — Commox  FLOirxDER. — 
Cape  Cod  to  Cape  Hattcras. 

I'-irx.  Ciuit.  Norfolk,  Vn.    U.  8.  Fiali  CommiMUon. 

ltc?|    CuaH.  WiMtd'fl  llnM.  Ma«8.    T.  S.  Fish  ConiiiiiMiou. 

■art.  Blurk  Uanil,  IM.    V- 8.  FLhIi  Comiuissifiii.     Bcpt.  24,  1^4. 

,i«f.  Wnnil's  Uoll,  Mass.     U.  8.  Fisb  CiiRUiusaiuii. 

I    iri".  I  .«lk,  Va.    1".  8.  Fish  CoiiiiiiiiMtioD. 

tT.-J--,   k  ..lis.     ir.  a  Fif»li  Couuninsiou. 

r.iJ-4.  Cotor  6ket«]i.    (Kicbanl.)    U.  S.  Fish  CommUalcm. 

ipHelta  obBon^a,  (Mitch.)  GllL — Four-spotted  Flounder. 
—Cape  Cod  to  Cape  Uattcras. 

'  wt.    WiioiVii  Hull,  Mjw».     U.  S.  Fi»h  Coiiuui»wion. 
'  Mt.    ^ViiuU'a  ilull,  Mom.    U.  B.  FisU  C<iui(iiiHsiuii. 
:£.f.  JU.  rboeograplu.     U.  S.  FIbIl  Comxniaftion. 


'nopsetta  dentata,  (Linn.)  Gill. — 8ouTm-:RN  Flounder.— 
Ciipo  nutt4.*ruH  to  Florida. 

1-14^    AM.Mlif  ajwcliiiru.    8t.  JuUu'h  River,  Fin.    Profcwior  Bairtl. 

lippoff It^^w**  acnrricancis,  Gill. — ^IlALrRUT. — ^NcwfoiimUund  to 

C;iJK'   H;itt<TH-»i. 

1  jrt»».  <'rwt.  Krurtcrn  Maml  U.  8.  Fiah  Commission.  Fob.  28, 1874. 
i^ni  Moat.  U.  8.  Fish  Ctnumissini*.  Feb.  28,  1874. 
md,  ^ta».     F.  n.  JolLDson.     Sopt.  ^4,  1875. 

„    ,■  I'.    U.  8.  Fish  Commisafou. 
TV.  Cfllnr  tfeotch.     (Uichard.)    U.  8.  Fish  Commlfoion. 

»ldeB  liuiandoidcs,  Glinther. — Sand  Dab. 

lg\itSS.  ASco)ao)i<  •pccimim.    Halifax.  N.  S.    U.  8.  FUli  Commiwion.    8cpt,  11, 

l«7. 
9I(*UL  AlMb^fto  ipwlmMi.    Oloucvst^r,  5Ia»s.    U.  8.  Fiah  CommluUon.    July 

»,  1-C-. 
1«HS.  CmI.    ^VowTs  Hull,  Ma«a.    Y.  N.  Edwards.    Feb.  S,  1874. 


28        AKIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Rcinhar«UflU»   hippoglo«9oide«,    (Walb.)   Gill. — Gm 
TUBBOT, — Greenland. 

14809.  Cast,  (upiM?r  sitli-.)    NcwfonnaUml.     K,  G.  BIiM'kford.    Feb.,  1S74, 
14S89.  Cflflt.    NpwfountUojid.    E.  G.  Dluckfoni.    Feb.,  1&74. 

33.  rhotograpb.    V.  S.  Fiah  Commisalon. 
S15G4.  Coat.     Le  Hnve  Bank.     C.  S.  llsh  Commission. 

Psettichthys  naeSanof^tscluH,  GininL—CALiFOB^aA  '*Sroi 

Sole.** — Coast  of  Califomiu. 

10701.  Cast.    San  Frauclsoo,  Col.    L.  Stooe.    Jan.  27,  1«7(T, 

1C09.  CMt.    San  Francisco,  Cal.    L.  Stone.    Jan.  27,  \rQCt, 

16700.  Cast.    San  Franciaco,  Cal.    L.  Stone.    Jan.  27,  ie7e. 

1G(S)9, 16700,  IC70I.  AlcoboUc  8iKn-ini(.im.    San  Fnuiciscn.    I  *  >J  Fiwli  Coi 

30, 39.  rbotograpbs.    V.  S.  Fisb  Cotnmimion. 

777.  Color  aketcb.     IT.  S.  FUb  CummiMUou. 

754.  Color  eketcb.     (Agaaaiz.)    Prof.  Alex.  Agaaaiz. 

PlatichthyM  §tellatu«,  (Fall.)  GilL—KoraB  Floittideii. — C' 
of  California. 

1009S.  Cast.  Son  Franciwo,  Cul.     L.  Stone. 
38,  Phittogropb.     C  S.  Fi»h  Commiasiuu. 
531-S.  Color  Rketcli.     (Ricbanl.)     U.  S.  FiRb  Commission. 
657.  Color  akL'tcb.     (Aga&aizO    Saa  Trancbico.    I^f.  Al^x.  AgBaaU.    2C< 
1?59. 

Parophrys  retiilns. — "Sole." — Ooa«t  of  California. 

170C4.  AJcobtilip  siwcimcn.     San  Franciwn.  Cal.     C  S.  Fish  CominiMiUici. 
776.  Color  skotcb.    (Ricbonl.)    U,  8.  FUb  CommiHsion. 

Ancylop!«etta  qiiadroceBBata,  Gill. 

17133-4.  AlmhoUo  apM-lmeiis.     Cborlrstou,  S.  C.     Prod  S.  F.  BainL     Ui 

1877. 
17123.  Cast.     Charleston,  S.  C.    l^f.  8.  F.  Baird.    March,  l^TT. 

Blioiubus  maximum,  ^ViU.— Ttrbot.— Coa^ttt  of  Europe. 

12511.  Coat.    En{:1aad«    Middlcton.  Cannim  &  Co. 
35,391.  Photograph.     V.  8.  Fish  Cuuuiiission. 

Rhombus  to  Tin,  Rondel. — Brill. — CoaiiU  of  Eiiroi>«. 

12512.  Cast.     England,    Middlehm.  Canuan  A  Co. 

34.  Photograph.     C  ^.  Fish  Couuuimion. 


ANACAKTHINI. 

TflArRIRID.C 


MacruruR  rapcutriM^  Dl— Osion-Fihl— XortJi  Ailiintic 

K'^KJH,  Caat.     ftt.  OwrxvV  Bank*.     E.  G.  inarkfomt    Ort.  JT,  MTO. 
7da  Color  skcU-b.     ^I^chant)    T'.  .H.  Flih  Cimiiaarfoa. 


AN1U1L  RE80UBC£8  ANU  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


29 


w 


[acmnift  Bairdii,  Goode  &  Beau.— Spike-Tail. 

SIUI4.  AlcoboUc  ii]M>ciin(!U.    (Type.)    Gulf  of  Mnine.     U.  S.  Fifili  CommiMion. 
Aug.  ID,  IKH. 

GADIDJE. 

'ollaclunit  carbonaritUt  (Linn.)  Itou. — Pollack. — Greenland  to 
Cape  Hatt«TJW. 

15WI-  Cant.     WiMiiVn  H«n,  Mh.*h.     V.  8.  Fish  Conimitwion. 

UBM.  Caflt    MartbaV  Vint-yard.     U.  8.  Fish  Commission.    July  30,  1875. 

41, 42, 43.  Pfaofojtmphfl.     U.  S.  Fish  Comiuisaiou. 

T??.  Color  feketch.    (Richard.)    U.  S«  Fish  Comntissiou. 

^adofi  morrhiiav  Linn. — Codfish. — ^Pohir  KogionH  to  Cape  Hat- 

1©T0.  Ciwl.     Irish  8«^».     Livcq)ool  Fn*  PiiWic  Mtittotim. 
I|9a>.  Cant,    Srw  York  market,    K.  G.  niackfonl.    April  3,  1674. 
VaUX  CiMt.     rurilftii.l,  Mv.     \:.  8.  Fij^h  Coiumis»ion. 
41, 45s  ^>>  39)2.    FhotoKraplis.     V.  S.  Fish  Commuwiou. 
eVK  C'ohir  sketch.     I'tnf.  Alfx.  Aganiuz. 

irrogaduN  proxiiniis,  (Gtrurd)  Gill. — Tok  Cod. — Coast  of  Cali- 
furuia. 

lOCOC  CmU    8iin  Francifioo,  Cnl.    L.  Stono.    Jane  37,  187<I. 
4T.  Photograph.     U.  S.  Fioh  CommJAsioD. 
61^  C'ohir  sketch.     (Agamiz.)    8uu  Francisco.    Pro£  Alex.  Agamiz,    Nov., 
1>^». 

iicrovatlu'*  tomcoduN,  fWalb.)  Gill— Tom  Cod  j  Frost-fisu.— 
Xewfoundland  to  Cai>«  Uutt'enis. 

1WH4.  Ciwt.     WiKi<r(»  lloll,  Muss.     l*.  8.  Fifth  Cniiimi*,sion.     June  11,  IiWl. 

14*^.  Cjwt.     Wood'*  Holl,  llasi.    U.  8.  Fiah  Commiiwiou.    Jimo  11,  IBTJ. 

li;t  Wood's  HoU,  Slaw*.     U.  8.  Fish  Commission.     Sept.  27,  187.1. 

i^mjih.     r.  8.  Finh  Uommiiwion. 

firiEi.  Color  akoMu    (AgoMlz.)    ProC  Al«x.  Agnsiix. 

Irlano^ammiiH   n'^j^leflniiN,   (Linn.)  Oill. — Haddock. — ISer^- 
luuinUuiul  to  C'iipe  Uuttijras. 

I4«'7.  Cwl.     Wowl*s  HoU,  MwjH.     U.  8.  Fi»h  Commission.    June  18,  1973. 
l4^Bft.  CmI.     Piiilluiid,  Me.     U.  8.  Finh  Cnmmiminii.     Ang.  S,  lifT3. 
4B,49t&}.  Itiotof^ruph.     U.  S.  Finh  Cnmmiiiwinu. 

43f«.  Color  akrtch.    (Uichnnl.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commimaioa, 

Phyrift  rhuMMf  (Wulb.)  Gill.— Hake.— Xewibuudlaud  to  Cape  Hut- 


lflS99.  Cturt.    DoKton,  Mum.    F.  H.  Johnson. 


■    ^Pfayrfn  trnuifl,  (Mitch.)  Dc  Kay.— Squirrel  Uake.— Xewfoun^^ 
^B  land  to  Cape  IlatteraB. 


'xrH  Holt.  >Itim.    IT.  S.  Fiah  Comnusaion.    June  16,  1973. 
>U.     U.  8.  FUU  Couuuisaiou. 


30        ANIMAL  RE801THCES  AND  FISEIERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 

Phycis  Chcsterif  Goode  &  Bean.— Lo^g-finnkd  Hake. 

31840.  Alcoholio  specimon.    (Typo.)    Oulf  of  Moiucu    U.  8.  FUh  C( 
Anjti.  27,  l^a 

Uropliycifi  regius,  (WiilU.]  Gill-— Spotted  Codliao. — Caiie 

to  Caiw  TIattenie, 

788.  Color  skelcb.     (Emorton.)    U.  6.  Hub  ComniisrioD. 
16845-6.  Cast«  and  alcoholic  flp«cimotiiL    Now  York.    Frvd.  Mother. 

nolTa  ral^ari«,  Fleming. — Lino. — Polar  Seaa. 

1(3775.  Ciist.     Const  of  Euglaufl.     LivoriMMtl  Frw  l*iibHc  MuM-nin. 
390.  Pbotograph.     U.  S.  Fish  Conmiiasiou. 

RhioioneniUA  caiidaciitaf  (Storer)  Gill. — Foub-beardkd  Koci 
LING, — Isova  Scotia  to  Cape  Cod. 

10650.  AU-oholic  «pccimtm<     Wood**  HoU,  Miun.    V.  X.  Edworda. 

Ciliata  ars^cntafa,  (Ueinli.)  Gill.— Mackerel  Midge. — Green 

to  Cape  Hatteras. 

10179.  Alcoholio  Hpecituvn.    Vineynnl  Sound,  Mom.    U.  B.  Fish  Conimiaaoo. ' 
Hyp»ipf€ra  argenfea,  GUnther. 

21631.  AlooUoUo  wpecininu.     OS  Capo  May,  X.  J.    Cnpt.  R.  H.  Harlbfrt. 

IIro«iiniiiA  amcricanniitf  GilL — Cuse.— Xova  Scotia  to  Cape  Ci 

IGGOa.  Cost*     nimt4.n,  >Iii«*.     Win.  Prior.  Jr.,  &  Co.     Srpt.  25,  1875. 

15*^.  Coat.    Wood'*)  Ho!l,  Miuw.     I'.  P.  Fish  Commiarfon.     Frb.  21,  1674. 

58.  Pboto^mph.     U.  S.  I'iHh  Commimion. 

429.  Color  sketch.     (Ricfaanl.)    U.  8.  Fish  ComtuiseiuD. 

Haloporphyrns  vIoBa,  Goode  &  Bean. — ^Blue  Haki;. 

31837.  Alcoholic  apecimcD.    (Type.)  Bonqucrcftn.    Capt.  Jo*.  W.  CoUnuk   Ai 

1H7H, 

Lota  maculoHa,  (Le^,)  Ricli. — Burbot.— Fresh  wHtera  oT^oi 

North  Ainerictu 

16640.  Cast.    Now  York.    K.  G.  Dlarkford. 

1663S.  Now  York.    K.  G.  BUckford. 

53,54,55.  riiotograpbs.     U.  8.  Fiuh  CommiMioD. 

438.  Color  i^koU-h.     (Richard.)     V.  8.  Fish  CommiaBiOB. 

491.  Colomktt^h.     (Rntt^r.)    Prof.  Alex.  A^imIz. 

Ifl£RLlCIIDJE« 

nierluciUM  bQlini*ari!«,  (Mitr»i.)Oni.— Whitino:  SiLVKn  Haks.- 

Nova  Scotia  to  Cajw  Hatteras. 

15747.  Caet.     U.  g.  Fi«b  Cimtmisdion. 

IStKU.  Ciwt.    WiMNlH  HoU,  Miwft.    ir.  8.  Flab  CummiMUoa.    Oct.  »,  IBTl 
56.  PlioUi^n'tti'h'     V.  S.  Fish  ComniburiotL, 
SeSF.  Color  skcti-U.     Prof.  Alex.  Atfasulz. 


AXIUAL  BESOURCES  AND  FlSUKQIES  OF  UIHTED  STATES. 


31 


OPniBIID^, 

fpblclinin  marf^inatuiu,  ADtch. — Ca|>e  Cod  to  Cnpe  Hatt^rne. 

Itl7<ii.'.  Alt^li.ilio  aptfciuien.     TompVLruiviUc,  N.  Y.    C.  Copley. 

LVCODID^. 

;e«  an^niillarSs,  (Peck)  Storcr.— Eel  Pout.— Newfoundland 
to  Cape  Uatt'CnM. 

149961  CMt.    Xevr  Yotic  morkot.    K.  G.  Tllarkfnnl.     Mnrch,  1674. 
IMM.  CwL    N'Biitock-  :     '  U.  &.  Flab  Coxomiaalon. 

ttL  Co)i>r  ekeU'h.     I  Aguasiz. 

€RTPTACA.liTIUD^. 

'ryivtacanthode^  macMCaicas,  Storer. — Spotted  WBY-aiocTn" 
— Xova  KcutKi  to  Cape  Cod. 

10031.  Prvvinrvtonn.  Moss.    U.  S.  Fiah  Comminion. 

!>**».  Ciwt.     Portluiiil,  Me.     U.  8.  Fish  Coauuijwioo. 

IXW.  <'•*<.    VorllaiiiL,  Mt?.     IT.  S.  Flah  CommiMion. 

4£X.  (^ili>r  AkplcU.     (Kicliard.)    V.  S.  Fiah  Commlsaiou. 

tU3.  Color  sketch.     (Uarkhjuxlt.)    Boatua.     Proi*.  Alex.  Agiiauz.     Dec,  1661. 

'r>'ptacnnlhodei!i  inorDsatus,   GdL — Ghost-fisil  —  Coast  of 

Miisj<iu*lin.s**ll.s. 

1701.  AloohoUo  apecUueu.    Maiue.     W.  StimpwiL. 

AJfliHODTTIDJE;. 
lodytm  amcracanus. — Sam>  Eel. 

.  Pbotognpli.    V.  8.  Finli  ComTiiUiHlnn. 

,  Color  ftketcfa.     (Riebard.)    U.  b.  Fieth  ComuisBion. 


HCxchirn!*  puactatfuit,  (Fubr.)  Rciuh.—Nodh  Atlantic  Coast. 

SBQ.  CftWrftketcb.    (nurkhardt.)    Prof.  Alex.  AgnMis. 
SlOMh  AlcoboliQ  ipvoiiiieiL.    Haliliuc,  N.  8.     U.  8.  Fhih  CommiMioD.     Srpt.  4/ 

len. 

loirrainintiM     MibttiAircatus,     (Storcr)     Gill.  —Nova 
8ootia  to  Cape  Cod. 

SIO0T.  AlMriulLe  ipecimcn.     Hnlifiuc,  N.  8.    U.  S.  Fish  Couunlwion.     Aug.  U5, 

ISC7 


32      a>'jhjll  besources  and  fishebies  of  united  states. 


I91uricnolde§   luiacrouaAus  (Mituh.,)  GilL — Uock  Bbx^—'S* 

►Scotia  to  Capt'  llutteius. 

13S17.  Alcoholic  apcoimra.    Eustport,  Sfc.    IT.  S.  FUb  CominTwriott. 
488.  Color  skotch.    Prof.  Aks.  Agoasix. 

iniiraenoideK   ornatBB<>i,   (Gu*ai*d)   Gill. — Facific   Bock 
Paeilic  Coa^st. 

C39.Color8kctcb.    (Agiwsiz.)    Ft.  Boberts,  Gulf  of  Gvorgia.W'oiJi.Ten'. 
Alux.  AgiuMX.    July,  18S9. 

AiVARRlUCHABID^. 

AnarrhichaA  TomerimiA,  (Ag.)   Storer. — ^^'olf-fish. — Gi 
laud  to  Cape  Uatteras. 

16-I39.  Caat.     Boston,  M.m.H.     F.  H.  Johnson.     Sept.  8,  1875,  , 

HtKK>.  Cant.    Coxewftiu'e  UiXi^c,  R.  T.    U.  S.  Fish  Commiaaton.    July  26, 

57.  I^otflgraph.     V.  S.  Fish  Coiuuiisiinm. 

770.  Color  sketch.    (Richard.)     U.  S.  Fish  CominiMioD. 

Anarrhichas  lupuM,  Linn. 

S1675.  Specimen  in  brine.    Olouccster.    U.  S.  Fish  Commiflsion.     1878. 

BATRACHID^. 

BatrachiiM  tail,  Linn. — Toad-fish;  OYSXEB-Fisn.— Kova  Scotia 

(rulf  of  RIt'xioo. 

10r43.  Cttst.     WoinI's  Holl,  Mmuf.     U.  8.  Fbib  Commiwiou. 
EONS.  Color  sketch.     (Bichard.)    U.  8.  Fish  Commiaaion. 

Porichthy's  nofatus.— Pacific  Coast. 

640.  Color  sketch.     (Asiaasiz.)    Simiahmoo,  TVosb.  T«rr.    Prof.  Alrx. 
June,  lEJ5». 

VRAIfOSCOPID^. 

AstroscopUH  anoplUM,  (Cuv.  &  VaL)  Brov<M)rt. — Naked  Stj 
GAZEB. — New  York  to  Florida. 

AI0S2,  Alcoholic  spocimon.    Norfiilk,  Yo.    Prof.  ThoA.  Qilh 
671-  Color  sketch.    (Borkbanlt.)    I'ousacoU,  Fl».    Prun  Absx.  Ak 

Jcffixys,    April,  1^*54. 
S7S.  Color  aketeb.    (Borkhardt.)    Iliunptofn  Ro«ds^  Ya.    Prof.  Alrx.  Aj^ 

T.  Lcib.    April,  lf?54. 
684.  Color  sketch.    (Burkhonlt.)    JaohBOBTiUe,  Flo.     ProC   AUx.   Aj 

1853. 
C8S.  Color  sketch.    (Barkbaidt.)    CharlMtoo,  a  C.    PMf.   Al«x.  A| 

1854. 
GflO.  Colnr  bkrtrh.    (UarkbArdt.)    Con*;  IsUnd,  K.  Y.    PmC  Akx.  Agsatt.^ 

Aprilf  Iei54. 


.L  RBSOCBCKS  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        33 


CY€I.OPTEniD.<:. 

'yclo|it«ru«t  luiiipus,  Linn. — Lr^cr-nsiL— Nortli  Atlantic. 

lU-  Now  York.     i:.  G.  macUl'ora.    May  1'..  1871. 

i:.T  Now  Yurk.     K.  li.  Ijlurkford.    April  lH,  187-J. 

leoaw.  Cnat.    ^Vikk1*8  lloll,  Mom.     U.  8.  FUb  Comuiiiutioa. 
S&  PUuIograph.    U.  S.  Fiali  Coniiniftsion. 
79S,  Color  sketch.     (EiiictTou.)    Ytuuig  ppeciinen.     Fiaber's   Island    Soand. 
V.  8.  FiBh  Ci>mnii?wiou.     Aug.,  1874. 

liparidid.t:. 

lipariii  linrutAf  (Lcpccbui)  Kroycr. — SraiPED  Litasis. — XortL 

Atlauiic 

139G0.  Alctoholtc.    "Watrli  nUl  Reef;  R.  I.    Tf.  8.  Finh  Comniisfu.n.     Aug.,  I9r4. 
Tffij.  OoUn  ikotcb.     (Emcrtou.)    U.  S.  Fittli  Coniiniaiiiou. 

iparift  .TlontagiiJ^  Don. — Sea  Snail. — ^KortU  Atlantic. 

9M32.  AkoboUo.    Wood^a  IIoll,  Moss.     V.  S.  Fiali  Comiuissiou. 


I 


TUIGJLTDM, 

>arlylopfrrn«  volilanK,  (Linn.)  Liuh»ii.— Flying  (Ji-rnard.— 

Tuuipt'nitc  and  I'rupical  Atlantic  and  Medit<»iTanean. 

feSTX  Ca0t.    WoodV  HoTl.  Miua.     V.  S.  FUb  Commission.    Aag.  B,  1?73. 
.  Color  ^ctclt.    (Xticltard.)    U.  ti.  Flab  Couuui&siou. 


PrionotUA  caroHnns,  (Linn.)  €nv.  &  Yal.— Broad-fingered 
^K  &£A  KoBiN. — Cape  Coil  to  Florida. 

Prionotu*    r«olanfi,  (Lixm.)  Gill. — Striped  Sea  Uobik. — Cai>6 

ICo<l  to  J'lorida. 
•1 


•  ':-     t,*.  S.  Fish  CninmiRsiton. 

t  .1.    (Rtrhaitl.)    U.  S.  Flub  Commisfrion. 

Uld.  Color  vkuub.     (Dorkbardt.)    Prot  Alex.  AgOMiz. 


VSSV*.  Cfl«t.     WixhI'h  HoTI,  Mum.    U.  H.  Flab  Comroifwion. 

UffTD.  Cast-     WikhI*s  Hull.  Uaw.    U.  8.  Fittb  Couuuiwiou. 

Umi.  Ctal*     WwdV  HoR,  Moaa.    U.  S.  Fiab  Comiuisuoa.    Sept.  25,  lOTu. 

ti»,  Ol.Ott.  Pbolograpli.t.     l'.  8.  Finb  t'luumission. 

Wl,  4UU.  Colut  ftkctcb.    (Ricbnrd.)    U.  8.  Fiidi  ConuniaaiOD. 


.vpldophoroideii     nioiiopforj^'Kiiif^i    (Blodi.)    Stoier. — Polar 
Jkiiiii  and  Hoiith  to  (..'onnecticul. 

YITHU.  AlfiohuUc.    Mftisacbtuwtns  Buy.    U.  6.  Fiab  Coiumiaaion. 
Bolt  X.  M.  No.  U 3 


34        AUIMAL  SESOUHCES  AJID  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


COTTIDJE. 

Cottiis  octodeciiuspinoKUsf,  Mitcli. — SouLPn^.— Xova  Seotiik  Ut 

(Jape  llattcras. 


1C437.  Cast.     Boetou,  Miwa.    F.  IL  JoImsoD. 
63.  I'Uotograpb.     V,  S.  Fioh  L'onuuitMloii. 
537-6.  Color  ttkvtoli.     Prul*.  Mas.,  Agasaiz. 


Sotif.  8.  IbTS. 


Cottns  grccinlandicii§,  Cuv.  &  Vii].— Gheenlaxd  Scitlpcn. 
Polar  Kc^uua  to  Cape  CotL 

10436.  CMt     Boston,  M.oa*.     F.  IT.  Jobnson. 
C5.  Photograph.     U.  S.  Fiuli  Coinminsdou. 

545.  Color  sketch.    Prof.  Alox.  Agasuiz. 

CottUfi  mitchilli,  Cuv.  &  Vul.— Piomt  Sculpi^.— New  £u| 
Coast. 

14606.  Alcoliolic  spccinions.    Wood'd  Uoll,  Man.    U.  8.  Fiali  Cominiasion, 
62.  PhotnfiT&ph.    U.  S.  FiAh  Conuiiu>8iiiii. 

546.  Color  sketch.     Pro£  Alex.  Agosalz. 

Franidca  TiMCONa,  (Hald.)  DeKay. — ABrEnicA>'  Milleb's  Tnr 

6011.  Color  ftUotch.    (Itoctter.)    Plymouth,  Maas.    Prof  ^Vlcx.  Agasdi.    llj 
l«i&. 

HE:vurKiPT£RiD.«:. 

Ilciuiti*iptrrii»!i  aiiiericaniiN,  (Gmol.)  Cuvicr.— Sra  Ba^t2?.- 

^cwrouiuUaml  io  >'ew  Yorkj  Seaa  of  Japan. 


H     ScbafitCN  inarinai«,  (Linn.)  LUtken. — \obway  IlADBOCKf  lie 
H  Di  i:gan  ;  Ked  Pebcu. — Polar  Seas  and  Houtii  to  Ca 


1.1736.  Cast.    WtKHl'H  Hull,  Sfoss.     tJ.  S.  F'tnh  CoinmisMOD. 
1G414.  Cast.    AVood'a  IIoll,  MiU».     U.  8.  Fish  CommiMiou.     8cpt.  2,  lOTS. 
66,67,  PhoUigrapbti.     U.  S.  Fish  Cotnmisaiua. 
471-2.  Pliotogriiphii. 
476.  riiotoj^aph  of  young. 

8€ORP.«:i¥IB.«. 


.  Alcoholic.    EMtport,  Me.    l^.  8.  Flab  C<mimiiHdon. 

tebastes  TiripariK,  Kroycr.—ItosE-Fisn.— North  Atlautio. 


I 


15^70.  Cftdt.    Wotxl'ti  lioU,  MatnA.    U.  8.  Fish  CoDuuiflwaa. 
:(iff.  I'hotogriiph.     II.  8.  Fitth  ConuutNAion. 
7tiU.  Color  NkotclL    Prof.  Alex.  Agasfiix. 

SebaKtoniiiH  roMacruH,  (Girard)  GilL — ^RosT  Boce-fish. — C<)a6t 

of  Calii'umia. 


A5UUL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  CN'ITED  STATES.         35 

Srba«loniiiM  atirioiilaluN,  (Giraixl)  Gill.— Blace-eascd  IIock- 
n^H.— CoaHt  of  CiiHfornia. 

CW.  CoWftkntch.   (Aguaaiii.)   Siui  Francisco.  Col.    Prof.  Alex.  Agnesiz.  Nov., 

fcrba^fomuH    niAciatiii^,  (Gironl)  Gill. — ^Ba^vdeo   Rock-fish. — 
Cofkdt  of  CalUbmia. 

-teOw  Color  Kktrlrli,   (Kirhartl.)    San  Franciaco.    Liringston  Stone.    U.S.Fiiih 

Comuiiaaiqn.    March,  lii76. 
tfIC  Color  Hkeicb.     (Agoasiz.)    Deep  Bay,  Msyuo  M..  W.   T.    Prof.  Alex. 

AdTUdz.    May  20,  1859. 

■ 

tbastotnnH  plon^atus,  (Girard)  Gill. — ^Pacific  Coasu 

(UX  Color  dkeCcU.    (A^oaaIz.)    Suit  Franeuco.    Prof.  Alex,  Agauiz.    Kor. 

'bantOfooniim  inclanopfi,  (Giranl)  GUI. — Black-headed  Bock- 
FISU. — Coiktii  of  Califoruia. 

63SL  CoW  »k«1<-1i.    (AgJiwii/:.)    Sau  Frunoiwo.    Pnif.  Alex.  Agossiz.     Nov., 

UH80.  Ca»4^    Son  Fnini-isco,  C»l.     L.  $ti>ne. 
483.  Cftlor sketch.    (Ri.Iiord.)    V.  S.  Fiiib  Comraiwiou. 

'ba»tod€H  paiici!«piniif,  (A^Tes)  GiU. — Coast  of  Coliforaia. 

CSJ.  Color  nketch.     (AgJisslx.)    San  FroncUco.    Prof.  Alex.  AgaBsii.    Nov., 
1659. 

hint**  conHtellafiis,  (Ginml)  Gill.— ^'Kock  Trout.**— Coast  ol 

Ciilil'oriiiiL 

10997.  Civti      Rao  Franriaco,  Cal.    L.  Slouc. 

ADL  I'  !.     U.  S.  Fish  CommlMion. 

4&0>.  r  I.     U.  6.  Fish  CouimiBntdu. 


'blrun  picluVt  Girard, — Pacitic  Coasts. 

M8^  Color  nkotrb.    (AgafnU-)    Soil  Fmiioiflco,     Prof.  Al6X.  AgitA«lx.    Nov., 
1800, 

hint*  initlaliiK,  Girartl. — Coast  of  California. 

(vt^.  C^jUir  skuuli.    (Agatikiz.}    Suu  Fmucisou.     Prof.  Alex.  Agawiz.     Nov.^ 

HVXRIBJE. 

raw   M|iinli<liiiii,  rocy.— Tawxy  PAnnoT-FisH, — West  liulian 

i'unrui. 

fTX  8(ttffiMl  dkio.    Ilavnnu  market.    Profc  F.  Pory. 

in  .Iblld^aardii. — Paruot-fish. — West  Indlau  Pauaa. 

VSnM.  StsRM  «kia.    Huvaua  markeU    Prof.  F.  Pory. 


36        ANIMAL  BESOUBCES  AKD  FI8HEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

$caru!»  radlan§,  Val. — Spanish  Pobgt.— West  Indian  Fauna. 

550.  Color  sketch.     (Burkliardt.)    Kov  ProTidenco.     Prof.  AJex.  Agaani; 
F.  8.  Shaw.    Apiil,  1H61. 

Pseiidoscarus  cceruleus.— Blue  Pabrot-fish;  Ku^magobe^— 
West  Indian  Fauna. 

9733.  Stuffed  skin.    Havana  market.    Prof!  F.  Poey. 

LABRID^. 

Tauto^a  onitis,  (Linn.)  GUntlier.— Tautoo;  Black-fish. — ^Bay  of 

Fundy  to  SotKU  Carolina. 

10598.  Cast.  Wood's  IIoU,  Mass.  U.  S.  Fish  CommuBion. 
15623.  Cost.    AVood's  Holl,  Mass.    U.  S.  Fish  CommisBion. 

14693.  Cast.    Chesapeake  Bay.    U.  S.  Fish  Cominunon.    May  13. 

10599.  Cost.    Wood's  IIoll,  Mass.    U.  S.  Fish  Conuniasion.    May  IS. 
10643.  Cast.    Wood's  Holl,  Mass.    U.  S.  Fish  ComausBion. 

15959.  Cast.  Wood's  HoU,  Mass.  U.  8.  Fish  Commissioii. 
10599.  Cost.  Wood's  Holl,  Mass.  U.  S.  Fish  Commiauon. 
70,  71.  Photographs.    U.  S.  Fish  Conuniasion. 

450.  Color  Hketch.    (Adult.)    (Bichard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commiaaion. 

451.  Color  sketch.  (Young.)  U.  S.  Fish  Conunisrion. 
554.  Color  sketch.  (Biirkhardt.)  Prof.  Alex.  Agossiz. 
661.  Color  sketch.    Prof.  Alex.  Agaasiz. 

Tauto^olabrus  ad^persns,  (Walb.)  Gill.— Cunker  ;  Chogset.— 
Xcwfonndland  to  Cape  ITatteras. 

14r?94.  Cast.  AVood's  Ildll,  Ma^us.  17.  S.  Fish  Coiouussion. 
10740.  Cast.    WiKxV.s  Ilotl.  Mass.    IT.  8.  FUli  Commiasiou. 

'^Sl.  PhotOfjraiih.     L*.  .S.  Fish  Commission. 

'MX  rh<>1()p"ai>h. 

045.  Color  ski'tt'li.    Pn>f.  Alex.  Agassiz. 

4:U-433.  Color  skt'tch.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

Harpe  riitUn  (Linn.)   GUI— Sp.vxisn    Lady-fish.— West    Imlian 

Fauna. 

597.  Color  skotrh.     (niirklianlt.)    Santa  Cniz.    Prof.  Alex.    Agassiz :    Dr. 
J*'tl'rit's. 

Ch(rrojiili!«  radiatus  (^'"in-)  <^'0*^tl<?-— Kltje-fish.— West  ludiuu 
Fauna. 

59o.  Color  ^kl■t^■h.    (Biirkhardt.)    New  Providence.    Prof.  Alex.  Agafcoiz;  F. 
8.  .Sbaw.     April,  I'r^l. 

liacliiiolseiiiUH  fhlcatiiM,  (Linn.)  Val.— West  Indian  Fauna. 

•jtlT^n.  C.ist.    K<-y  West.  Fhi.    K.  G.  Blackford. 
51)!!*.  C'tflorsketrh.     rn)f.  Alex.  Agassiz. 
:&J.  Color  sketch.    (Burkhardt.)    Prof.  Alex.  Aguois. 
<M0.  Color  sketch.    I*rof.  Alex.  Agaasiz. 
GOl.  Color  sketch.    Prof.  Alex.  Agaaiiz. 


AKnCAL  RESOrRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        37 


POlIACElfTRID.f;. 

»lypUidodon  liaxatills,  (Linn.)  Cnv.—SERGKANx-MAjoii.— West 
liulian  Fauua. 

MU.  Color  iikctib.     (Burldjarilt.)    Prof.  Alex.  Agoseli. 

S9I.  Color  ftketrh.    (Dall.)    IVriniuUa.    Alive  iu  Baninm^B  Aqiinrium.    Prof. 
A)c3t.  AgaMttz.    Dec.,  I«K. 

^oitiacrnlriifi  leiicostJctuSt  Ar.  tSt  T,— West  Indian  Fauna. 

•217tiX  Alcohnlio.    Ff.  Joffci-sou,  Fla.    Thus.  Moore. 

[rlia^tCM  iik^olafius,  C.  &  V. — West  Indian  Fauna. 
M7M.  Alooholio.    Ft.  Jeffeiwm,  Fla.    Tho«.  Moore. 

EnBflOTOClJD.C. 
;nibiotoca  lU'ebbi,  Gu-artL— Coast  of  California. 

(Ulk  Color  Bkotcfa.    (Agaui2.)    San  Francisco.    Prof.  Alex.  Agoasiz.    Nov., 
IflCiO. 

^lubioloca  Jackfvoni*  Agnssiz. — Coa^t  of  California. 

GS&.  CoItT  bkotcli.    (AgaMix.)    Ban  Francisco.    Prof,  Ales.  AgOAiilz.    Nov./ 
IrCS*. 

'irniotoca   laleraliN^  (Ag.)  A.  A^f.— Stkiped   TERcn. — Coa^t 
of  CaUforuia. 

%G(Vl.  <  >  Pranriw'o,  C'til.    L.  Stono, 

iTt  t                  I  U.  8.  FiiUi  Conunitisiun. 

4^fO.  )                  i,  V.  8.  Fisli  C'oDui]if»lon. 

«5S.  »                  '  Ii.  (Agaasiz.)     Crescent   City,   Cat    Prof.  Alex.   Agaaaiz. 

Mnv,  i».'»0. 

GS0.  Color  tak^'tcli.  (Fcuialr.)   (Agaagiz.)   Son  Francisco.    Prof.  Alex.  AgoMiz. 

Nov,.  K&y. 

OM.  Coliir  dkouli.  Sou   Frwiciaco.     Prof.  Alex.  Agiwsiz.    April,  1860. 


Dacnalii'htb}!^  racca^  Gii*anL — Coaijt  of  Califomia. 


P 


fJS7.  Ck»lur  ftkctcb.    CAgAMlx.)    Bun  Francisco.    Prof.  Alex.  Agnaniz.    April, 


llrlroffajctrr  a|;:^rr^atUK,  Ag. — Paciilc  Coaat 

ML  Color  akrlob.    (Female.)    (Agamiz.)    Son  Francisco,  Cal.     Prof.  Alox.* 
.VgadHiz.     Doe.,  1^59. 

n>pikaru»  Caryl,  Aj^ass. — P£Rcn. — PaciHc  Coa^tt. 

BH6,  CoW  aketeli.    Sou  I'Vanciaco,  Cal.    Prof.  Alex.  Agosaiz.    April  1,  lb(A 

Phancrodon  llirrata^,  GiiurU. — Coast  of  Califomiiu 

O^  •  !i.    (.Fk'umlc.)  (Agofisiz.)  Sun  Francisco.    Pruf.  Alex.  Agftaals. 


38        ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISDEKIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 
Aiupkisticlius  arg:euleu«,  Agw — Coast  of  CaliTornia. 

C35.  Color  sketi'h.     (Agaasix.)    (MiUe.)    San  FraneiMO.     Prof.  Al«x. 
April,  1860. 

Aiti|»lii»tichu*<  !4iB»ili*4,  Oirard. — Coant  of  Callfomiu. 

ti;W.  C'ulor  skL'tch.     (Agosslz.)    San  Franoiaco.     Prof.  Alex.  A^;x.^sii. 

RliacliochiliiH  toxotei*,  A^s.siz, — Coast  of  Califoniio. 

G33.  Color  •Icdttfib.    (AgoMiz.)    San  Fraucii*co.     Prof.  Alex.  Agmnix. 

Holconolus  puIchcllUHf  A.  Ag.— Coast  of  California. 

632.  Color  sketch,     (Male.)    (Agaasii.)    Saii  FranciftCO.     Prof  Aloz. 

April,  1(^60. 

IIoli*onolU!)4  rhodoferu§,  Gii*ard. — Coa^st  of  Calitbrnia. 

*>41.  Color  skcuh.    (rcinnlo.)    (Agaiwiz.)   Snn  Franridco.    Prof.  A1»'X.  A^r 
Dc^c,  1859. 

HyperproHopon  nrgenteuM,  Gibbon. — Co;»st  of  Ciiiiforuia. 

630.  Color HkPtrh.    (Fi'iuaIo.)   (Affaasir.)   f>an  Francisco.    Pmt  Alrx.  A( 

Uarvli,  11500. 
639.  Color »k<'U'h.    (FoinuK)   (Agoasui.)  San Fnuicitfoo.    Prof.  Alex.  A; 

Avril,  1H«). 

Abeona  Trowbrld^il,  (!irai-<l. — Coa.st  of  California. 

629.  C"t»lor  skottli.     (Friimlr.)     {.\giwsi)s.)     Caliiinnio.     Prof.  Alex.   Aj 

teivtiiididje:. 

AcaiilhiiriiH€liiriir$rii)«9(Bl.)3clm.— DocTOR-Fisn. — Wcstliw 

Fauna. 

569.  Color  Akctcli.     (UurkliATiU.)  Floritln.     Prof-  Alox.  Agar«ut.     AlJva 

13o4(t4>ii  Aquariul  GunlPiiH.  Jimn,  llDOO. 

&70.  Color Hketch.     (Hnrkbanlt.)  Horiila.     Prof.  Alex,  Agaaste.     A]|t« 

Dosrton  A(|narial  (janlens.  Jtmo,  ld60. 

Acanthiu*iiH  nigricans,  (Linn.)  Gill.— Black  Doctor-fisi 

West  Indian  Fauna  and  occasional  north. 

'JinC7.  Alcuhtilir.     Ik-rmuilaH.    0.  Brown  Ooode, 

UKSl.  lJri»MV  H^ipciiui'M.     Kvy  Wi^t,  Fin.     Tbumas  Mooitt.    Nov.,  ISTBl 


€HArTODO\TID.«:. 

SarollirodiiJif  rapi»trati»«  {hh\u.\  Viwv.—X 

dian  Fauna. 


'ntiVV 


.\\-...f  T. 


5SS.  ColiTT  Hki'tch.     (UiirUlutrtlt.)    New  pToriOenro.     Prot  Ai> 

H,  Sluiw.    April,  l^I. 
:Jii2.  Color  ttkotcli.    (Utiikli.^ 
ms.  Color  ski'"  I'      I'M-'    V 


AirOUI*  KESOI7RCES  AND  nSUEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


30 


»throdcia  luacuSocinctos,  Gill 

iaOG&  AlcoboUo  specimens.    Wood*«  BoU,Mas8.     U.  S.  Fisb  ConnniBsion.    1876. 

[olacantliim  Iricoflor,  (61.)  Lac. — Black  A:«GEL-pisn.— We3t 
iTiiliiin  Futinii. 
DOO.  Color  ftkotch.      (Burkbardt.)     Santa  Cm/.,     rrof.  Alex.  A^aasiz;   Dr. 

GM.  CwloTftkMch.     (Burbhnrdt.)    Sombrero  Id.,  \y,  I.     Vnt.  Alex.  Agaseiaj 
&  H.  Knox. 

lolnranthtif*  rifiiaris,  (linn.)  Lac,— AjMOEl-fish. — West  Indian 

B7&.  Colnr -tkt'toli,     (niirkbanlt.)     Floriihu     ProC  Klox.  Aganiz,    AUvu  in 

IVnitori  .\(|niiriul  UurdrnH.  Jttn<\  1800. 
£7A.  Color  akctclu     (Uiirkhanlr.)     Florida.     Pnf.  Alex.  Agaasiz.     Alivo  iu 

Bnvlon  Aqtmrinl  Ounlmw.  June,  1«00. 
BJ7.   Colornkftob,     (Uurklmrdt.)     Florida,     rrof.  Alex.   AgaafliiC.     Alive  in 

Boston  Aqnurial  tjftrdcns.  Jirno,  1^(10. 
Jl^fi.  AlrohoUc.  Il*Tmniln«.  O.  Brown  Gmhlf. 
ysX  Color  ftketcii.     (Burklmrdt.)    Ik^nnudIla.    ProC  Alox.  Agassiz.     Alivo  iu 

iJHrntimV  A'loaritim.     IttOd.  ' 

^omacaiilhuM  arruaf  Uf$,  (Linn.)  Cnv.— PALOM:ErTA.— West  lu- 
(Imn  Fuianu 

iM.r*.  Color  «ketoli.     tllnrkliardt,)     Florida.     Trot  Alex,  AgiiAsiz.     AUvo  in 
n«>A|iiti  Ai|Uuriu1  OanUui.    June,  I860. 


XIPHIID^. 
Xiphiax  Kladius,  S\yoiED-Fisu.— Atlantic  ami  Meditemmcan. 

16I::A>.  Ca»t  In  jMpur-mtichc.    OIT  Nouijui'a  Lund,  Maaa.     IT.  8.  Fisii  Commission.' 

Aujl:..  iht:.. 
21099.  Swonl  H  lncbi*a  lontr.    Taken  from  noatril  of  lAimna.  rornuhicvi.    Ctlouceo- 

U*T,  Maiw.     U.  S.  Fisb  CommbwiMU.     St-pt.  2C,  1878. 

XrapluruM  aBbiilns,  Poey. — Spike-fish.— Capo  Cod  to  West 
imlitv<. 

IfiKM.  ^''-'      '■''  HHr*  UoU,  Mum.     f.  S.  Fiab  Commission.     Jnly  23,  1873. 
7X  I  1.     U.  8.  ri?tb  Cnnimiatiion. 

111.   N' .41- .-• '["r  tikotcb.     C  J?.  Fisb  Cumndwion. 

[Ifltiophorn*  amerlcaniifl,  Cnv.  &  Vul. — Sail  fish.— Atlantic 
C<w«t  of  AnioricjL 
lO  dV  lloU,  Muss.     r.  S.  Fi.^  Commiaaion.    Aug.,  1W3. 

1 1,     v.  S.  Fi.-*li  (^tnuidNtfion. 

TRaCllllRIBJB. 

iXrit-hstirnn   leptunifl,    Linn.— ITair-tail;    Scabbabd-fish.— 

TpdiimtjIc  iiml  TrDpictil  Atlantic. 

U.  **.  Fifib  Comnnssion. 
'.)    pnif.  Alex.  Agnaaiz. 


40       AXtMAL  SGSOUBCES  AND  FiSnEUIES  OF  UNITED  STATK& 

Scomber  sconiliruNf  Linn. — Mackisrel. — ^Nortliem  AUontii 

164-13,  Cast.  New  York  marktt.  K.  G.  Blackford.  Sept  10,  1873. 
1(W04.  Va»\,  (M*Ie.)  Watilitoffton  raarkot.  8.  V.  Balrd. 
10650.  C(wt.  \VouiV»  HoU.  Mass.  T7.  8.  Fish  ComnuMicm. 
lOCGO.  Cost.  Woml's  Uoll,  Mass.  U.  S.  I'^sh  ConimisaioQ. 
76,  77,  78,  393,  395.  Pliotograplw.  U.  .S.  Fiali  ConuatwiOfZi. 
7.'ir»-6-7,  Color  sketches.  U.  8.  Fish  CoiiuiiisAion. 
6M.  Color  akotcli.     Prof.  Alex^  Aj*a««lx. 

J!larda  pefiamysy  (Linn.)  Cnv. — BoMTO^^Atlaiitic  and  Medj 
neau. 

163SS.  Cast     Wootrs  Moll,  Mqjk.     IT.  S.  Fish  Coramission. 
15746.  Cast.     New  York  market.    £.  G.  Blackford. 
79,  HO,  81.  Photogrmihs.     U.  8.  FUh  Commuaion. 
407-6.     Color  aket«l!v«.     (Bicliurd.)     Wood's  Hull.     U.  8.  Full 
1876. 
556.  Color  aketoli.    New  York.    Prof.  Alex.  Agtiwu.    Oct  SO, 

Orcynus   ficciinds-flor^ialiN,   (Storor)   Gill.— Tuxmr; 
iiACKEEEL. — Xewluuudland  to  Florida. 

16509.  Cnsf.    3«ow  York  markot.    E.  G.  Blackford. 

60,  83.  H4.  PhotORTopb*.     U.  8.  Fish  CnuimiMtii.in. 

436,  37,  DG,  513.  Color  sketches.    (Rldianl.)    V.  8.  Flah  CommiMloiu' 

Oroynus  allileraliiis,  (Raf.)  Gill.— Little  Tunny;  Albico 

Pelagic. 

15710.  Coat.    Noank,  Conn.     V.  8.  VuAi  Commlsfiion. 
IfitVQ.  Ckst.    Noiuik,  Conn.     U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
85.  I'hotogrftph.     U.  8.  Fish  Comnuasion. 
497,  Color  flkciti*h.     (Richard.)    U.  S.  FUh  Coaumi&«oii. 

Orcyniis  pcBaniyA,  (Linn.)  Pooy,— Ocea>'io  Bonito. 
anil  Tropical  Sea«, 

filR59.  Alcoholii-.    Cliiliiiiirk.  Mnas.     U.  S.FiHh  romnuHsioa. 
S1502-a.  CoAts.    Woods  IlnJl.  Mass.    IT.  H.  Fiidi  ComuiiaBiaiu 
S13G6.  Alcoholic.    Kow  York  innrkot     E.  0.  Blackford. 

OrcynuN   alalon^n,   (Gim'lin)   RisMx. — Lono-pixned 
Atlantic,  Mediterranoan. 

21344.  Alcoholic.    Banfiocrcmi.    Capt.  Wm.  Thompaoti 

OrryniiN  arffrnti*vitlalUMf  (C.  &  V.)  Goodu  &  Bean' 

81702,  Skins.    Hiarjni'raim.    Capt.  Wm.  Thomji^n. 


AXDUL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIKS  OP  UXITED  STATES.        41 

Cjbiam  marnlnlum,  (MitcU.)  Cnv.— Spamsh  I^Uckerel.— At- 
hintic  fthowji  of  Tn>iiical  aud  Tonjperato  Amoricn, 

Nttrfvlh,  Va-     U.  S.  FisU  Commiwion. 
Wood's  Hull,  Mius.     U.  K.  FUli  Cumutissiou. 
Ntsw  York.     E.  0.  lUiickford. 
"Lr:n^ih«-     U.  8.  Fifth  Ctiiumiasion. 

u  li.     (Rk-bartL)    U.  8.  Viflh  Commission. 
.  .  .:,.n:li.    Tiuf.  AK'X.  Agnussie. 

ifkim  rcffalc,  (UI.)  Cuv.— Spotted  Ckro.— Wost  ludian  Fairna 
aud  north  to  CajK.'  Cotl. 

Ctft.     Key  West,  I'lK.    E.  G.  Blackfurd. 
if  ._  ^.    fji   ,.,... .,1^^    U.  S.  Fish  Comaiiasion. 

1      (UiclianL)    IT.  S.  Fii«h  Comtniasion. 
.;ii  1-.  >iitn<«i.     ». v.un,    Trof.  Fclip«  I'ooy. 


Atlautic  Slioroa  of  Ti-opi- 


ihium  cabal  la,  Cuv.  &  Val.— Ceuo. 
cal  and  Tciupei*at<*  America. 

WCa  C»iit.    Kcw  York  raiirket    E.  O.  Bliwkfont     Sept.  14,  1875. 
1U,  n» «.  at.  91,  ftnd  95.     Photo-^aplw,     V.  8.  Fish  CommiMion. 
MMiK-7.  Color-Mketch.     (liichunl.)    U.  8.  Fitdi  Coinaiiasion. 
nm.  femffed.     Cuhu.     Prot  Fdipn  Poey. 

CARAI^CilDJC. 

VoDifr  itetipinnis,    (Mitch.)    Ayres,—8iLVEU-FisH.— Maine    to 
Florida.    West  ludian  Fauna. 

1«)I5.  Cwt.     Wood's  UoU,  JIans.     Y.  N.  Eilwaiils.     Sopt.  7,  1^3. 
I'i^ti.  Cairt.     XcflT  York-     E.  O.  Dlafkfunl. 

l^nrriTiottOft  romcr,  Lac. — SiLVEn-FLsn.— Cape  Cod  to  Florida, 
and  Weat  Indian  Fauna. 

*  *"  t      X«ff  York.     E.  0.  DImikfont 

WofKt'ii  lIoU,  MaiS.     V.  >'.  EdwanU. 
-'  '  [«It     U.  H.  FUh  Commissiou. 

M^  i  ;ct(ihuH.    (Rii-hiiiil.)    U.  B.  Fiah  CoiimiU&ion. 

Paralmclu*!    piiicnirtus,   (Cuv.  &  Val.)  Gill— Ykllow  Cbe- 
VAl-Lii. — Cape  Co<l  to  Florida. 

'  '"    '•    -      "       ".  IIolJ,  Maw.     U.  S.  Fisb  Commission.    Sept.  14,  1873. 

linll.  Moss.     IT.  8.  Finh  Comtuisftion. 
'  ■"■-   i_;i^t.     \\<'t.it  «  Iloll,  M.iftfl.     U.  S,  Fish  CommiMion. 
\iiSf?t.  I'luit.     WimmI'^  HoII,  Musi.     U-  t^-  Fiuh  Cdiimiissinti. 
>  ipbA,     17.  8.  Filth  Comniisiuon. 
.     (Richard.)     U.  H.  Fish  Comiubsiou. 

'•^rtiiirop**  crunit*noplitlia!mui9,  (Bloch.)  GUI.— Big-eyed 
ScAiJj  OoOGLE-ErE. — Pelagic 

.     New  York  markot.     E.  0.  Dlockfvrd. 
>[i\u     V.  ti>.  Fifth  Cammiattiuu. 


42        AfinUAL  RESOURCES  AXD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATE& 

Decapteru#«  piuictatiiH,    (Mitch.)  Gill.— ItorxD  Bobim— W« 
Indiuu  Kauna  un<l  north  to  Massachusetts. 

18861.  Alcoholic.     Wood's  HoU,  Ma9».     U.  S,  Vvdi  CommiaMoo. 
S13^.  Ak'oUoUu.    BeniiuUiw.     G-  Urowu  Ouode. 

DccaptcruN  uiacnrcllaN,  (0.  &  V.)  Gill.— I^Iackerix  Sr.U). 
West  Iwliaii  Fnunu  and  north  to  Mai>s;ich(isett.s. 

in-2?9.  Alcoliolic  8{»criincn.     WoodV  Ilull,  3Iaa8.     V.  S.  FUli  Coxumiaiiua. 
21030.  AltoUolit;.    NcwiMjrt,  K,  L     Saniiwl  l*owcl. 

Caran^iiH  hippos,  (Liuu.)    Gill. — ITor.^e    Crevaj.li^. — Atliuil 
Couiita  of  Temperate  antl  Tropical  iVincrica,  East 
and  Australian  Seas. 

1485.0.  Cast,  norida.     E.  G.  BlarlJ'onl. 

UH.  rhotogriiph.     IT.  8.  Fi»li  CoDuuitwioo. 
31C54.  AkohoHc.     Ncw^Kirt,  R.  I.    Sumuel  Towel. 


Carnii^iiA  chrjsos,  (Mitch.)  Gill.— Teli-ow  Mackerel. — W« 


ludiaii  Fanua  and  north  to  Cnpe  Cod. 

15706.  Cost.  Wiwtd*8  HoM,  Muss.  V.  S.  Fish  Couuniftsion. 
15740.  CiMrt.  Wooil's  Uoll,  Mbm,  U.  S.  Fish  Commimion. 
1560G.  Ctust.  \Yood*H  n»U,  Mawt.  X'.  8.  Futli  CotuiuiaiUou. 
102,  103.  Photographs.    U.  S.  Fiali  CommiMlou. 


Sopt.  15,  1873. 
Oct.^ld7X 


Blcphnri4*li(li>9  crinitiis,  (Akerly) Gill.— TmiEAD-Fisn. — W« 
Indian  Fatina  and  north  to  Cape  Cod. 

ICtSO.  Ca«t.  Wood's  IIoll,  Mass,    V.  8.  Fiah  Commisalon.     8opl.  18,  I8T5. 
10.V105.  Fhotoyruphi*.     U.  S.  Fish  ComniiMioD. 
475.  Color  sketch.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Conuukaiou. 

Zoiiii*h1liy»^  fhsiciafus,  (Bloc^h.)  Sw.— Berkuda  Bo:cito; 
REGAL. — Cuhti,  South  Carolina,  Bermuda. 

15828.  CftBt.    Ntnv  York.    E.  G.  Blackford. 
404.  Color  Hkctch.    U.  S.  Fiah  CunimiKsion. 

Traciiynotu»«    carolinas,  (Linn.)  Gill. —  Pomi'a:(o. — Atlanl 

Coasts  of  America  sonth  of  Capo  Cod. 

I.  Cftst.     Xoriblk.  Va.     V.  S.  Fiah  Commiiaion.    Juui*  . 
»0i).  Cast.     New  York  market.     E.  G.  Blackford.    Octoh' 
UKi,  107.  Photographs.     V.  8.  Fish  Conuuieaiou. 
47;t— I.  CmIui  riki-Ci-lii'K.      f  Rirlmril.  \     t_'.  S,  Fihh  rnni(ii'r'i*»iuii_ 


Trarh>iio(ii.*«  o^alu^,  (Liuu.)Othr. — Siiuut  i'uM 

UmI'7.  Now  Yi.rk.     E.  G.  Rl.iokfont 
400.  Color  Nkotrh.    (Yoiihr.)     (ULcliard.)     Tl&ej?ttrd 

Fish  <  ■  ■ii. 

547.  Color  hKi  honL)    U.  &  * 


i  i'b^'K 


XSlUAh  aKSOt'KCES  AND  FISIiEBIES  OF  CNITED  STATES. 


43 


lafrncliif«  X€>nnlu«,  (Mitcli.)  Gill.— Banbf.d  Ki  DDV.n-risH. — 
Capt*  Cod  to  Florida. 

liMT?.  CiMrf.     WowrB  HoII,  »I:i*».    V,  8.  Fisli  CommiMion.    fiU,»pt.  14,  1875. 
103^  CjmI.     WtMnl'i*  Ht'Il.  MttsH.     U.  8.  Fliih  CommiKsiuti. 
IU0-U.  i'tiolo^ruiiUn.     V.  S.  I'lNh  Cumin )!ir.iou. 

477.  {'  '  '  11     L".  fS.  Fi-^b  CommiMion. 

4X1  t  li.    U.  S.  Finh  Commiaiion. 

479.  Coluf  sLcu-b.     V.  S.  FiHh  Couunlsaioiu 

rioln  LaIaw<lli,C\&  V.!— A^niER-Fisn. — Atlnntio Ocean ;  Japnn. 

lOT'W.  (':wt.     ritiritlii.     E.  G.  Dtttrkfonl. 

110.  FbDU>[pii]>li.     ir.  ti.  FUh  CommUdiDii. 

'li^oplilc!*  orcidenfali^f  (Linn.)   GiU^— Leatueu    Jacket.— 
VVoJst  ludii;^;  occasional  ou  coast. 

Un&C  Ca»t.    Xow  Ynik  miu-kot.    K.  0.  RlfiP>jfrtril.     Any  13,  1875. 

111.  Fliuto^apU.     V.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
4S9.  Color  »ketvh.     (Kicliurtl.)     L'.  8.  FiaJli  Commifiaion. 

or>  |iha*iBa  .Siieiiri,  Cuv.  &   Vul. — Dolphot. — Pelagic;    occa- 
witmal  on  aotiat* 

164IU  Cwt.    Now  Y»»tk  iimrkft.    E.  Q.  Blackfonl. 

.  Coii*r  HketcU.     (Kivhurd.)    V.  S.  FUh  Couuniwiou. 

iai4t\  CMt.     New  Yurk.    K.  G.  Uluckford. 
tClisL  Cuf.     Now  Yurk.     K.  U.  Blackford. 

■or>'pbiena  punrfiilata,  (Cuv.  &  Val.)  CUlt.— Sjlvll-spotted 
UoLFiiiN. — l*ebgic ;    occiiaional  on  coast. 

IGIIM.  Ca»l.    Koank.  Conu.    J.  H.  Ltitbnm.    Aug.  !^>,  1^5. 
liv;  li3»  and  111.  FUutogrupluL     L'.  H.  Fivb  CummiHiiou. 


PalinarirlilhyN  pc-rcirormiM,  (Mitch.)  Gill.— Black  Ecddeb- 
I-T8U, — Ncwl'oundliunl  to  Cai)e  Hatteras. 

UnH',,  foMi.    Mtirtlia'^  VJufvtinl.     U.  S.  I'iwii  Comiiiistilou.     S«pt.  S!5,  li?75. 
rffCv  Crt»t.    WouI'm  Moll,  MnHK.    IT.  8.  FUh  Commiseiiiu. 
TM.  Cidiir  4k<M4:ti.    (ItliMiAitl.)    U.  tj.  Fish  Commiasion. 

PoroMolnv  IriarnnthiiM,  (IVcU,)GilI.— rrAKVEST-FisHj  BcrTTER- 
lisu.— Miurjo  to  Cape  ilatteras. 

mmu  C*a,    Vrt»n*\U  H«n.  Vmm».     v.  ».  Fish  Comiuisnion. 

MNMIUn. 

f     LT.  8.  Fiali  CommiMioa. 


44        ANIMAL  RtSOURCES  AND  FISHEKIE3  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Peprilus  Ciardenij,  (Dl.,  Sclui.)  Gill. — Suobt  IlAnvKfiXFiBiL- 

W'est  liidian  Fauna  and  uortJi  to  >'ew  York. 

ICaia.  CiWt.     Cliesapcftkc  Bfty,     .Sibl4'>-. 
16£!4.  Hisvr  York  uurkct.    John  SutliciIuDfL 

LATILID.C 

Caiilolalilu)^  niBcropiki,  GocHle  &  Beau. — Gulf  of  Mexico. 

20971.  Alctiliulic.    TcUhJicola,  Fla.     Sil:ia  i^UaruH. 

BERYCIO.!!:. 

Holocenlmni  so^o,  Blocli. — Squirrel. — West   Indian    Fftiii 

accidental  on  coast ;  found  at  J^e^iwrt,  It.  I. 

r76.  Color  Bkotcb.     (Burkliardt.)    ncnuniUs.     Pror  Alex.  A|tn»«ir..      AUi 

ic  Bamtmi'a  Aquarium.    VcCj  IrHit. 
59G.  Color  ttkvti'h.     (Iturkliardt.)    X<?w  l^riJeocc.    Prof.  Alex.  Aga^U; 

S.  Shaw.    April,  im. 
Sl'2^3.  Alcohullc.     BermutUuf.     J.  M.  Jgncs. 

8€IAi:.\idj:. 

Cynof^cion  resali!«(,CBl.)Gill.— Squkteagits;  AVeak-fi31I-^x:« 

Aim  to  Florida. 

16216.  Cant.    Wood's  Holl,  Mass.     U.  S.  FUli  CuumiliMion.     July  S7,  l^X. 
r^21ti.  Ciut.     Wood's  HoU,  Mom.     U.  B.  Fish  Conuuission.    Jaly  VT,  lef7Aw 
HG,  117,  118,  U*l.     Plu»l4»j^npb».     U.  8.  Fi*Ji  Coiuuiijwion. 
469-70.  Color  akotchca.    (Ukhard.)     U.  S.  Fish  CommitMloa. 

CynoiNcion  caroliaenNis,  (Gov.  &  Vol.)  Gill. — Spottkd  Sqi 
TEAGXTii:. — GuU'of  Mexico  au4l  Soutlicrti  Atlantic  8tat«fi. 

Cost. 
IS9^.  Caat. 

120,  121.  122.  Photoprapha.     U.  R.  FUli  Cororaiiwion. 
7W.  Color  sketch.'    \UicUanl.)     IF.  8.  FUb  Commiaaion. 

€ynoj«cion  nolhus,  Holbrook^—^tLVER  Squeteaoxte. — 8oni 
Coast. 

21180.  Alcoholic.    PouMcolft,  FU.    SUa4St««ni9. 

Poffoiiia^  cliroinis,  Lacop.— Drvm.— Gajje  Cml  to  Florida; 

of  Mexico. 

i;|S09£).  Cost.     WootlV  Hnll.  Mww.     V.  S.  FIkU  Cnunuieion. 

mi.  CoMt.    KUiliLT'.t  NUnd  ^onnd.    i^irleii  P(itti>r.    Jolf  10^  1874. 
'123,  121.  12.1.  rhntogrnplw.     U.  K.  Flah  Coniniiwion. 

7l>l.  Color  Hkelch.     (KlrhonL)    17.  8.  FWi  i;oiural«i«ian. 
2128^.  Alcuholic.    f^i.  .luUn'a  Rirrr,  FIm.     U.  Itratvn  OomW. 


AKUUL  UESOt'RCES  AXD  FISHERIES  Or  UXITED  STATES.        45 

iaploiilonoliiH  ii^rnnnienN,  Baf. — rnESH-WATEU  Deusl — Great 
LakCA  ami  MisHiAsippi  Vnlley. 

If.;  y,  Ohio.     J.  W.  Milnor.     1873. 

VJ>  V.  S.  Fuili  Coniniisiiioii. 


iia%totniiN   obliquus,    (Mitch.)  De  Kay.— Spot.— Cnpe   Cod  to 
Floridii. 

tA^a  CmmU    Norfolk,  Ta.    U.  S.  Fiali  CommitMion. 
1&6I7.  Cost.    JiLUti  10.  1873. 

141.  rUotogmpli.     U.  8.  Fifth  Coimnianon. 
USt,  Color  Akoivli.    Kew  Yurk.    Pittf.  Alex.  A^aadz.    Oct.  S6, 1&17. 

ilo«1oinuM  xanlhiirus,  Lacep. — Yellow-tailed  Spot. — Sonth- 

eni  Atlantic  States. 

142.  Photogntpb.     U.  8.  Fi«li  Coniniisaion. 

Laircliella    |»unclata,   (Liun.)    GUI,— Silvkb-fish;    Yellow 
Tail.— C'upe  Cod  to  Florida. 


ii» 


•h.     V.  S.  FtBli  Cnininiwtion. 
St.  John's  Uivur.  Florida.     G.  B:own  Oootle. 


is»mop«  ocellntiis,(UDn.)Gill. — HedBass;  Spotted  Uass.— 
C*ax>e  Cod  to  Florida ;  Gnlf  of  3Iexico. 

IM^TV  Ca»l.     WoHhiiigton  market.     .1.  W,  Milnt'r. 
lS7:tt,  V-MU    New  York.     E.  G.  niiu^kford. 
19*.  l«ff.  \:V>.    inicrtographi..     I*.  8.  Msh  Commianion. 
.  Oil  jiaixiting.     (.1.  H.  Kiehnrd.) 

eallcimifi  alliiiraiiti,  (Linn.)  GiU,— Soutuebx  Ki>'aFiSH.— 
GaiH^  Uuttoni.s  to  Florida. 

TUT.  PhotonTTAph.    U.  8.  Fish  Coinniiwifm. 
19M1.  Alcoholic.    Ht.  John's  River,  Flu.    G.  Browu  Goode. 


^cti(icirrii*«  nrhiiloNiiM,  (Mitch.}  Gill. — Kixq-fish. — Cape  C< 
to  l''h>ridii. 


IRirropoj^on  iindiilatiiN,  (Linn.)  Cnv.  &  Val.—CKOAKEB.— At- 
lantic CiiUKtrt  of  America  south  of  Cape  Cod. 


lftn?».  Cnmi.    Wood'ii  noli,  Mom*.     IT.  8-  Fbh  Commiwion.     July  27,  1875. 
r  Ni^w  York  nmrkct.     E.  G.  lllackfonl.     OrloVr  11,  1975. 

I  ■  New  Ydik  iiiiirkit.    E.  (J.  BUckfoM.     Otoher  14.  187.% 

til,  t.tit  i:a,  IM,  i:i.\  imd  VM.  Photu^ntplw.     U.  B.  Fish  Commission. 
:IN-^10-1I-12.  tVtloi-  Mk^^^-bes.     (Richard,)    U.  8.  Fish  ConimissioD. 


UAiX  CtwN     Xurfulk,  Vft.    V.  8.  Fidh  CommJiurion.     Jnno  19,  1873. 

J'- '     *        "    Vtt.    U.  8.  n«h  CommiMlou.    Jolf  Ifl^  1878, 

1  iphs.     U.  8.  Fifth  ComralMion. 

t.»*-,    Mroiiuh.      .SI.  John'i  River,  Fla.    0.  Brown  Ooode. 


46 


ANIMAL  RESOURCES  A^D  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  8TATI 


«ERRIDJE, 


EucinoMomiis 

1«0(>0.  Alcoholic. 


WorKl'd  Holl,  MaAS. 


Eiicinof<loiniiN  lit'Troyi^Goodf 

Fauua, 


&  G. — Cape  Cod  and  sonl 
U.  S.  Vish  Couuninion. 

— BER>nTDA  Shad. — West  lu 


31358.  AJcobolic.    ncrmiidiu.    O.  Brown  Gocwle, 

PmE;LEPT£RlD.£. 

Piineleplerii»«  Bo^cii,  Larop. — Bream. — "SVest  Indian 
north  to  Capo  Cod, 


'Jf)84^.  Alcoholic. 
120635.  AlcuhoUc. 
S1368.  Alcoholic. 


Xowiwrt,  R.  I.    8.  PowoU. 
Wood's  noil,  Mttiw.    IT.  S.  Fish  Co 
Bcnnudufl.     0.  ISrowix  (ioode. 


SPARIDJS. 

Lngodon   rhomboiclef*,  (IJnn.)  ITotbrook. — Satlor*3  Cnoii 
West  Indian  Taanu  aiid  nonb  to  CajK)  Cod. 

212^.  Alcoholic.     St.  Jehu's  Rivcir,  Fl».    0.  Brown  Ooodc. 

ArcliosargfiiN  probalorephnliis,  (Walb.)  Gill.— Suekfshbj 
CaiK'.  Cotl  to  Florida;  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

lOCa*!,  CMf.    Wiiflhlujtton  umrket.    J.  W.  Milnr»r. 

15825.  CMt.    New  Y«.rk  market.    E.  G.  Blackford.    October  20,  187i. 

15eiti.  Cast.     Nt^w  York  nwrkcit.    £.  G.  Blackfonl.     OotobiT  14,  1876.1 

14t«0.  C^t.    XorfutlcVa.     U.  S.  FiiOi  Commiwioa.    July  U,  1972. 

IGtSia  Cft«t.     Xew  York.     E.  G.  BluckfonL 

144,  143.    Photograph*.     U.  8-  >"i»Ii  Comniiwion. 

&48.  Color  Bkctoh.    (RichanL)    U.  &  Flah  CommtMioa. 

$lcnotoinu!(arjaryrop«,  (Linn.)  Gill. — ScurpAro;d(7n*; 
Capo  Auu  to  Florida. 

July  10,  m& 


U.  &  Fish  CommiMion. 
V.  S.  KdwonU. 


iar.V>.  Ciuti.    Baziuml'a  Day 
1Uk».  VatiU    Wood^  HoU, 
1I£W9.  C'Mt. 

UMjt)|.  C'lutt.    WutKl'fl  Holl,  MuA.    V.  X.  EdvAnb. 
HtM7.  Phot*>]{raph«.    l*.  ti.  VXtU  Camiui«*aua. 
4m  Color  «k«4ch.    (Yuanjf.)    (KieUnL)    U.  a  FuOi  Caosmasiea 

lnr^U9  Holhrookii,  Bean.— Celabij^stok  Brrax.— CaroliBft 

aWl>.  CjioI.    ChatlortaD,  S-  C.    0.  nrmm  Gooi}^. 

SpiiniH  acnlralav,  (Cav.  Si  Viil.)  Gill  e^BASTAiiD  Bsi 
Sutitht-m  CooAt. 


«Wl.  C^tsL  OMtkaUtt,  S.  C    a  Omwrn  Good*. 


ASnUL  BESOL'RCES  AND  FJSHEEIKS  OF  UNITED  STATES.        47 


PRirsTiponATin.t: 


tylnm  arciial«m,Cuv.&  Val. — DuE-cuErKED  Uedmou'u. 
— doutii  Atlautic  Coa^jt  of  Uuitvd  ^5Uit«r& 
■17.  QmU    Horida.     E.  O.  Bliu^kibnl. 


ylum   forinosuni,  (Liim.)  Cuv, — SQrrnREL  Bed  iiouxH. — 
Boath  Atlaudc  Coa^t  of  ITnitcd  Stateti. 


imrfflfi.  Cm(.     Florida.     E.  Q.  Bloikford. 

ietny Inm,  sp. — South  AtlauUc  Coant  of  Uuite<l  States. 

iHas&IO.  Ca^    Flun'da.    £.  O.  Blackford. 

vtnyluni    chrj^opteriiiu,  (Linn.)  Cnv.T  — TKU.ow-FrNNED 
llKrxT.— South  Atlantic  Coast  of  Uuitcd  States. 

flSOia  CmL    Floridu.     K.  G.  Blackford. 


lyliitti  rlri^anx,  Cuv.  &  Vul. — iJi.rr.-sTRTPKD  Kkd-moctu. — 
Soutb  Allautic  Coast  of  United  States. 

U-ms.  CiMit.     Horidn.     E.  O.  BlaoklVird. 

WJ*  CoKt  pkctcli.     (Dall.)     Florida.     Frof.  Alex.  Ag.i&sii.     Alive  in  Bonton 

Aqtuirljit  Ounloit.     Juue,  IMOO. 
874.  Color  hkctd).    (Biirklmrdt.)    Bormndiu.    Prof.  Alex.  Aganaiz.    Alive  in 

ituniuiirB  Afiiukriutu.    Nov.  iBG2. 

rmylum    arara,  Poeyf — Abara   Redoiouth. — West  Indian 
Faiuiu. 

tai  Wttt<T-rolorhkfl)h.     (nmUh.inU.)     Flnridti.    Ftof.  Alex.  Agawu.   Alivo 
iu  Buituu  Aquuriul  l#tirdvia.    Jane^  IdOO. 

iboprintifi    Ailvomacnlalaiif   (Mitch.)    GUI.— Speckled 
(iBU?(T.— South  Aliantic  Coast  of  UnitM  States. 


U«u%  Catt. 


X<irfolk,  Va.     IT.  8.  Fish  C'ummijiaian. 
Nort'olL,  Va.     V.  8.  Finh  Cuuiniietuou. 


^trriuim  Tir4;^iiiica»,  (Limi.)  GUI. — South  AtiauUc  Coaat  of 

'^l.  C»t.    Florida.    E.  O.  Blackfonl.    April  10, 1874. 
5<4  T-  ,1,.     It.  S.  Fiah  Cfiinnilfwinn. 

^^  h.    (Burkliardt.)    New  Providcuco.     ITof.  Alcr.  AgaaaU;  F. 

^.toli^w.    Ajiril,  LtiOl. 

'"Unnuit  Rlnrkfbrilii,  Gocxlo  &  Rean.— Ueu  Snapper.— West 
Iiidiiiu  1-^mtia  and  unrtU  to  8avauuah  Bunk. 

'**'  CmL    K«w  Ywrk  market.    E.  0.  Blackford.    May  7,  ie74. 
^^>i;i.  Cmi.    Wttiilii»>:loii  umrki't.    J.  \V.  Xlilner. 
*^'    I'tiMtojcrnph.     V.  ti.  rittli  CunuoiMiuu. 


48        ANIMAL  BES0TJBCK8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STA1Z8. 

liUtjanus,  Rp. — S^'APFI:B.— West  Indian  Panna  and  Soathfim  At-  l| 
lantic  States. 

15917.  Cast.    Florida.    £.  G.  BUekforA. 

liUtjaniiSy  sp. — South  Atlantic  Coast  of  United  States. 

16641.  Cast.     Key  West,  I-To.    E.  0.  Blackford. 

liutjanus  caxis,  (Bl.,  Sclm.)  Gill. — Gray  Snapper. — ^West  Indian 
Fauna  and  Southern  Atlantic  States. 

18101.  Alcoholic.    Bonnndas.    G.  Brovu  Goode. 

Liitjanns  Steamsii,  Goode  &  Bean.— Gulf  Snafpkb. — Gnlf  of 
Mexico. 

iflXvO.  Cast.    Pensacola,  Fla.    Silas  Steams. 

RhombopliteM,  aurorubcus,  (Cuv.  &  Val.)  GUI. — Mangrote 
Snapper.— West  Indian  Fauna. 

2V2a4.  Alcoholip.    Oharloston,  S.  C.    C.  C.  Leslie. 
2l:t38.  Alcobolic.    Peusacola,  Fla.    Silas  Steams. 

Ocyiirus  chrysurus,  (Bl.)  Gill.— Golden  Tail,— West  Indian 
Fauna. 

149a'>.  CaHt.    Now  York  market.    Horida.     E.  G.  Blackford.     April  16,  1374. 

150.  Photo^jiph.     U.  S.  Fish  Comniiasion. 

r»55.  Color  sketch.     (Bmkhardt.)    New  Providence.    Prof.  Alex.  Aga'wiz;  T. 
S.  Shaw.     April,  1><(J1. 

tEI%TRAR€HID.«;. 

EiipoiiiotiM  aiireiiM,  (Wall).)  Gill  »&  Jordan.— Si'N-Fisn. — Fi-esh 
Avators  of  l^asteiii  North  Americii. 

I494I.  Cast.    M'nshingtnn  market.    G.  Brown  Goode.     FebniaTy,  1875, 
151,  15'J.  Photo;;r;iiih.     I',  S.  Fish  Commission. 
ri05.  Color  sketch.     (liichard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

LepiopomiiN   paSHdiis,  (flitch.)  Gill   &  Jordan.  —  Blve-nose 
BuEAM. — Great  Lakes  and  Southoasteni  United  States. 

isUlc^.  Alcoholic.     .St.  John's  liiver,  Fla.     G.  Brown  Goode. 

PomoxyM  ni;;roiiiaoulatiiN,  (Lcs.)  Girard.— Gkass  Bass. — Great 
Lakes,  Mississippi  Valley,  and  Soutlieni  Atlantic  States. 

U«-2.  t'aj,t.     >'orr.>lk,  Va.     Pr.  II.  C.  Yarrow. 
!.'►;».  l.Vl.  IMiotiigrapli.     i;.  S.  Fi^h  Coiiunission. 

Aiiibloplites  riipc!!itris,  (Baf.)  Gill.— Kock  Bass.— Great  Lakes 
and  ;Mississii>i>i  Valley. 

1595S.  Cast.     U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

151.  Photograxih.     V.  S.  Fish  Commission. 


AimCAI.  RESOtTRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


49 


lirr^plrrtio  pnlliduSf  (Tl;if.)  Oil!  &  .Torflnn.— LARaEMOtrTH 
lfl*ACK  BA88. — Givat  Lalci's,  ^lissisvsipiti  RiviT  and  tiibu- 
tiirit->f;  Southern  StnU'-s;  iiitrodm^td  nortliwaid. 

iii\-i.   r...      v-.-ImIK,  Tu.     Dr.  H.  C.  Yuiraw. 

I  '  ,  Vrt.     U.  S.  FimU  T'onimiiMfiuu.     Nov.  5,  1673. 

'  .'.ijin'ik,  Vn.     Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow. 

CiLmiUtou,  Ky.    J.  W.  iliUier. 
I  ' .     Nnrfulk,  Vn.     Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow. 

I-  I'liinf^mplui.    tJ.  8.  FUU  CouituiKsiori. 

icroplcru»$  »(alinoide<<,  (Lac.)  GUI.— Smai^l-moitthed  Black 
Bas8. — Circut  L»ke»  and  Miseiesipin  Valley;  intioducod 
eustwiird. 

US97.  Ca»i<    Fototuac  lUvcr.    Mi^.  Ilubbs. 

PERCHD^. 

*trra  flaTialallfl*  L.— Ykij.ow  Perch.— Fresh  waters  of  Kaat 
eni  United  States  and  Western  Kiirope, 

r^ton  murkot.    O.  Brown  Goode.    Feb.  27,  1875. 

.  I  :(itlis.     U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
TAi.  Culur  likotclu     (Richard.)    U.  S.  FUh  Conuuission. 

tifo«itnliiiin  vStrc^iim,  f;^^itoh.)  Joi-dan  ^  Copeland*  (Val.)  Voju\ 
— Vku.ow  IMfiKPKKciT.— Fresh  wat<?rs  of  Central  United 
States. 

Ufifil^.  CmU     Skw  Yr>rk  innrUrt.    E.  O.  Itla^krnrd. 
Ub«.  ComU    Suuilusk.v.  Ohio.     J.  W.  MHirt.     Oct.,  1673. 
tfU.  Color  «k«tch.     (Roctttf.)    gaokctt^s  Uarbor,  N.  Y.    Prof.  Alex.  Aguitx. 

New  York  market.    E.  G,  Blaolrford,     Nov,  5,  1075. 

■  •■',  I.I.  i7'J,  173,  174.  Phot<>^nph.s.     U.  8.  Fish  Coinmuaiou. 
Wfll  Color  nkntch.    (RicJiun!.)    U.  S.  Fish  Cororaissiou- 

iliio«trdiiini  cnnndcn^e,  (Smith)  Jordan. — Canada  Pike- 
i»t:ncii. — 8r^  Lawrence  River  to  tlie  Upper  Mi88onri. 

i'"    !''"tograpU.     U.  S.  Fi»U  Cuauaii^ion. 
Oliio  RiTcr.    J.  W*.  Mthirr. 

■  ■■^>i.    I   list. 

I^.  I7f\  177.  PliotogTftphs.    U.  S.  Fifth  CoramiaAioD. 

8ERRA.\ID.f:. 

•pittf  phrliiM  niorsOf  (Onv.)  Gill. — Red-bellied  Snapper. — Weat 
Indmu  Funua  and  Southern  Atlantic  States. 

tew  CmmX,     Vro*hinfft*»n  ntailcet.    ,1.  W^Ulner. 
Ulk  Ilii'fOfcmiih.     I'.  t<.  FinU  Cnttiinitttfkou. 

PincphcluA,  «p.— Snapper,— West  Indian  Fauna  and  Southern 
AiUustic  States. 

I"'  "    "..    K.  G.  niackfonl. 


50 


AKIMAL  HES0UHCE8  ASD  FI8HEHIE8  OP  UNITED  STATKa 


fpinejihelus  Druniniond-Hayi,  GocmIc  &  Beau. — Stab 
PER;  HiND;  JoHN  Paw. — West  liuUiiii  Fauna. 

Ib795.  Cast.    South  norida.     E.  G.  Blaffcford. 
'2l*'5o.  Alcoholic.     PtiDsacola,  Fla.     Silaa  Sleurns. 
.  Color  sketch.     Burmuda.    Col.  U,  Dmuuuoud-Hur. 

Epinephelns  ni^itus,  Holbrook,— Black  GnouFER. — GoMt 
Florida. 

313^9.  Caul.     PeDNocola,  Fla.    8iln6  Steams. 

EpinepbeliK   striatus,    (Bloch.)   Gill— Hahlet;    Groi 
West  Indifiu  Faiuia. 

180S8.  Alcoholic.  *  Bemiudjw.    G.  Brown  Oootlo. 
&83.  Color  akotch.     (BurkhaTdt.)    Bi^nnudru.    Prof,  Alox.  Agassiz.     AiiwI 
Banmm's  A<]tiahiim.     Nov.,  ]6it2. 

EpinepheluN  ^nltatuiit,  (GmeL)  Goode. — ^Beruuqa  Hend.^ — ^Wi 
Indian  Fauna. 

18118.  Alcoholic.     Bvmiudas.    G.  Brown  Gnoilc. 
S07.  Color akutch.     (Burkhardt)    Riniinditti.    Trot  Mtx.  A^^mAu    ABrttl 
Bamum*a  Aquarium.    Nov.,  IHti^J. 

TrisotropQ!^  iiudiilosus,  (Cnv.)  GiU.T—RocK  Oroupkkl-— Ca| 

Iliitteras  to  Florida;  West  Indian  Fauna. 

15462.  Catft.     Now  York  market.     E.  0.  Blackford.    Jnno  14,  ISTSu 
lO&^l.  Caat,    Ni<w  York  market.    E.  U.  Itlaokiord.    Jiid«  14,  1675. 
794.  Culor  sketch.     (Siciuixd.)     U.  S.  Fiah  CommiMtoo. 

Promlcrops  gxiasa,  (Poey)  Gill. — Jew-fish;  Oua>a. — VVeat  In? 
diau  Fauna. 

15305.  Caat.    Koy  West.    E.  G.  Blackford. 
444.  Colomkotch.    (Kichard.)    U.  S.  Fiah  Commianon. 


lentropriMift  alrariiiH,  (Linn.)  Baru. — Sea  Ba£:& — Cupe  Cod 

Floriila. 


10643.  Cast. 
10S97.  Cast. 
15684.  Cant. 
150%.  Ca^t. 
0607.  Cast. 
15D«3.  Cast. 


WoouVHoU,  MnAA.     U.  S.  FUh  Commimioo. 
Wood'a  Uoll,  Maw.     IT.  S.  Fi«>h  Coiimiliwion.     May  IS,  1874. 
(Male.)     Knank,  Conn.     U.  S.  Fish  Commiwinn-      Aneuat, 
Wood's  tloll,  MawL     IT.  S.  Fij*h  Comiiiivuon.  '-tlK  U 

(F«nmlft.)    Woods  Ho\I,  Mom.     IT.  S.  Fish  t- 
Koy-lwh  RrM^ks,  Vii.     U.  >*.  t'lsU  ConiiiuMinn.     Ju 
IW,  158,  V/J,  ItfO,  161,  lea.  ie,J,  IC-I,  l«l.  lUiuHigraptiH.    tj.  a  F»- 
463-1  and  5.  Color  i»kctcUfVi.     (Uichanl.)    U.  8.  Fiah  CommiMion 


Diplectnim    f^Mciciilarv,  (Cn^'.  &  Val.)  nolb — Syui 
CaiKS  Hatteras  to  FIori<la  j  West  luiUan  Faanii. 

15944.  Cast.    New  York,     E.  G.  Blnckftird. 
ICG.  Photograph.    U.  a  FUh  Coiimiimdoiu 


ANIUAL  BE80URCE8  AND  PISHKRIES  OP  UNITED  STATES,        51 


LABRA€ID.£. 

;occu«  lineatit«t  (Sohn.)  GUI. — Stripkd  Ba&s;  Hockfihh.— St. 
La>vK*ucti  to  Florida. 

(F»"niult».)    Potiitiuu!  Uivi'T.     Dr.  11.  0.  Yarrow. 

WoimI'h  IIoU.  Mans.     U.  6.  FUb  Coinmiseion.     May  27,  1873. 

Wiutltiu(;:tou  uiarkot.    G.  Brown  (.ifKKlc. 

Sew  York.    E.  G.  BlAckfurd.    Nov.  a«,  1874. 
le5-lH6j  IW.     I'hutogrupba.     U.  S.  FUh  CumiuifisioD. 
9t0-^  C«kn-  akoich.     (Kickunl.)    U.  8.  Fiab  C'omiziiaaion. 


'occu«t  chrv4iop?i«.  (Itaf.)  GUI.— AVhite  Bass. 


■Great  Lukes  ana 


IMOfs,  Cwt.    Sew  York  niarkot     E.  G.  Blackfowl.     OcT.  7, 1875. 

iSfl.  V  'Its,     U.  8- Fish  Commifwiou. 

u<U.  '  '  h.     (Rii'bartl.)    U.S.  Fish  Commtasion. 


[orone  aiii<'rioana^(Gmol.)GUl, 
to  Florida. 


-WiUTE  Pebcu. — Nova  Scotia 


C  t-    Ci^t.     'WfKHl's  Holl,  Mnss.     V.  S.  Fish  Commisaion. 
FT'-"^.  C.i-r.     (Frraftlo.)    "WinxI'm TToll,  Miww.     U.  S.  FiNh  Commi«Aion. 
':  Wootl'ct  Holi,  Maah     U.  8.  Finh  Cominiwiion. 

WrxMl'M  IloU,  Mus.     U.  8.  FUb  CuiiLinii^.siun. 
'    1*1,  IHJ,     Pliotoiiraiilis.     U.  S.  Fish  Oommissioo. 
'  1.     (Ricbanl.)     IT.  .S.  FUh  OnmmitMion. 

EPHIPPIID^. 

*arcpliippUN  qnadratUfD,  (Gun.)  GUI.— Moox-Pisn.— Cai>c  Cot! 
to  Fbii'iila  ;  WuKt  Indian  Fauna. 

JtmR.  Ciutt,    Norfnlk,  V».    U.  8.  FUb  Coniraiwtioa.    Jnly,  1870. 
llSt^.  Cut.    Norfolk,  Vn.    U.  S.  Fieh  CoimiiLwiou.    July.  1873. 
11&(K  Cost.    Norfolk,  Va.     IT.  8.  Fifth  CommiMioD. 
196,  197.    Pbuto{p*ai>lLa.     V.  8.  Fiflh  Cominiaiiiun. 

LOBOTID.i:. 

IfObotc^    MurinaineiiHiM*  Cuv.  — TniPLE-TAn.  Flarheh. — fape 
Cod  lo  Floriila;  WciSt  and  Eiust  Indies, 


1&702.  CiUtL    WoodV  null.  Mum.    V.  8.  Fish  CommiHMon.    AngnstSR,  1(^3, 
iraaOi.  Ciyit.    Now  York  markpt.    E.  (j.  BUukforft.     Jaly  SO,  1873. 
■jf'l,  'Jf^i-     riioto^ruiib*.     U.  B.  Fifib  CotiiinlHsion. 


^V  P0.1IAT0IfllD.C. 

PotiialoiuuM  saltatrix,  (Linn.)  GUI.— Blue-fibh.— Pelagic. 

ISan.  CMt.  Wmd'fl  Holl.  Mjuk.    Y.  N.  Edwarda.    Jiuio  11,  1873. 

l;^ :  SWrtIk,  Vik    O.  Brown  Goode. 

! 

'-^.    FhnU>;rri^|ilui.    U.  S.  Fisb  Commiauon. 
i.ti'd.)     U.  8.  Fifth  Cummioaiou. 


52       AKIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  8TATE8. 


EL.ACATID.V;. 

F.lacate  caiindiiiK,  (Lluu.)  Gill.— Cobia;  Ceabkatkb. — CapeO 

to  West  iDdics. 

1U9S0.  Cast.  New  York  market.  E.  0.  Rlackf.ird.  Jnly30,  I87S. 
149^2.  CiWft.  Point  Lookuiit,  Vu.  J.  U.  Skiduioiv.  .liily  9.  ltfJ4. 
196,  UW,  800.  Phot4)sniphfi.     U.  8.  Fisb  Commisaion. 

PRIACAIVTIIID.l!:. 

P<»eiidopriairanthuw  allui«,  (Gill)  Bleeker.— Saonx  Big  K\*s. 
Cape  (Jod  ta  Cape  Ilatteras. 

J203.  Pliotojinipli,    U.  S.  Fiab  Conimiwion. 

441.  Color  sketch.     (Richarr!.)    U.  S.  Fish  Coraniission. 

3K><3.  AUohoHc.     \VV»otrs  lloll,  Miww,     V.  S.  Fish  Coiimiifwion.     Mt-pt..  IW5. 

h;93l.  AJcoboUc.    ^Vo4kJ'»  Hnll,  5Ia&s.     U.  t^.  Fiab  Cointuiwlou.     ll^tiu 

ECHEIVEIDIDJB. 

Leplechenelii  nAUcrateoide»,(Zuiew.)GiU.— Biihoba;  brcKi 

Fisc, — Coa.st  gi'iiL'i-uUy. 

16071.  Cast.  WoodV  Holl,  Maas.  IT.  S.  Fiah  ConuniMion.  Jnly  10,  lf(7&. 
,16617.  Cast.  Wood's  UoU,  Maaa.  U.  R.  Fish  ComuiiMftUm.  Sept.  Iis,  !-*'■ 
>1KU4.  Coat.     WiM'd's  Hull,  Ma«9.     U-  S.  FieU  ConmiiMiuu.    Ang.  10,  l~y.. 

9»ii.  *207,  208.  PbotoyraipliH.     U.  .S.  Finli  CoiiiniiKoiou. 

51l-:2-3.  Color  Hkotch.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Coinmiwlou. 

Reuiorop»i8  braohypfera,  (Lowe)  Gill.— ^word-fish  SrcKEl 
— Parasitii  ol'  the  Hworil-llsli  {Xiphiatf  tjlaiUuM)* 

21093.  Alcoholic.     Sable  I'd  Bonk.     Capt.  G.  A.  Jobnwm. 

Riioinbochiru!«  o»leochir,  (Our.)  Gill. — Speabfi^h  Scokkb. 

Parasites  of  the  Bill  fi.sh  {TetrapturuH  aWidtu), 

1SB4SL  Cii0t.    Wood's  lioll,  MasH.     U.  S.  Fifib  ComnOMiou. 
SOfi^SlO,  an.  Phutnj^Taph^.     C.  B.  Fish  Cummiiwiua. 
704r-5.  Color  Hkctobre.    ^Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Cumuu'asion. 

SPHlRiEIVID.V:. 

$pliyrirna  borrali«f,  De  Kay.— Northern  BARRActrDA.— Cb| 

Cod  to  Florida. 

i497a  Cwt.    Florida.     E.  G.  Ulackford. 
904,  9(&  Pbotoj»r»pb8.     U.  8.  Fish  C4»mrniwiion. 
407.  Color  hkrtch.     rni..luLra.)    U.S.! 

with  Sp^yi'OTia  fpct  (llauj')  <H>.' 

raiican. 


sm^ 


tAL  REHOirRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 


53 


»plft>mrna    picu<ia.— Boi:thi;rn   BAJtBAOiTDA. — West    Imlian 
:fleife6.  AkolioUc    ticnnudiis.    O.  Brown  Ooodo. 


PERCESOCES. 

n^l  linrnluM,  TMitcli. — Stuipkd  Mullet.— Cape  Cod  to  Floridaf 

(iiill  111"  ^lc_\i<'o. 


lu    (RicIiAnl.)    U.  S.  Vwh  Commiiwsioii. 


uipil   allialftt  Linn. — Woite    J^Iullet. — Car>e   Cod    to   Florida 
(probably  young  of  the  pixsifdiog  species). 

1190.  Culur  ftlcrtch.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Finh  t'umniiMioa. 
^130ti.  iUcufaoUc.     riuridu.     G.  Browu  OncMlc. 


ATiiERirikip.«:. 

hiro^loiiia  iiotntiiiii,  (Mitrli.}   Gill. — Silti^rsedes;  Friar.^ 
.Maiuc  to  Florida. 

ion  ■    ' 

tU^.  Wood"))  HoU,  Mass.    TT.  S.  Finb  ComiuiasJou. 

30",  li«a.  t'hoto^niiUn.    U.  S.  Fiah  Commi^ion. 

&l«.  f'ohir  niiLtili.     (Richaitl.)    V.  S.  FbiU  Commission. 

hircHttoina   caliromiciisis,  (Gii-ard)  Gill.—"  Skelt.''— Coast 
of  Califuniia, 

vi».   Color  Akc^U'h.    (RirlmriL)    U.  S.  F'iab  Commiasion, 
2*«&)^  AlcuboUo.    Ran  FrancUeo.    Lirui^ton  StoDO. 
ir^KU.  CttflC    ijan  Fraiwlttco.    U.  8.  Fiili  Coiumiasion. 

HEMIBRANCHIL 

^yC<M»teitM  orcadrnlali^f  (Cuv.  &  Val.)  Brovoort.— Tenspined 
STiOJkLK-BACK. — >'ewiouiidliuid  to  Capo  Uattei-as. 

't.     17.  S.  FUIt  ConunisAion. 
h.    (ItiirklurtU.)    I'roJ".  Alex.  Agawii/. 

JcrofitcuH    noTclioraceiiniSt   Cut.   &   Val.— New   York 
6TtCKi4iBACK,— Xuw  Bniiwwick  to  Cai>c.  Uatteiiia. 

44.  CSoW.lh'tdi.    (BurkUanU.)    Prof.  Alox.  AgftMU, 


54 


ANIMAL  RESOUHCES  AND  PISREBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


ApelteN  qiiadracuN,  (Mitch.)  Bi-er.— Fousspined  Sxxcki£-baci 

— New  Bruuswi«k  to  Florida. 

2B4.  Plintogrnph.    U.  S.  I^sli  Ommidsion. 

C44.   (rolm-hkotrli       («nrH.r,r»Tt  )     Pr<»f.  Alor    AgOM«if. 

Many  otlicr  species  of  Goftturmtcos  arc  iurliuU'd  in  tlio  aottoi^  irhich  V4 
uot  ul'  fiuQioieiil  uiii)urtaucti  lu  he  i'uuiuerutod. 

AriiOSTOiTUDj£. 

AliloMoma   iiiaciilatiini,  Val. — TGr^iPET-Fisn. — West   Indii 

Fauna. 

Sda  Color  Bketch.    (Burkliardt.)    Prof.  Alox.  AgoaaU. 

fi^i^tulariidje:. 

Fi<itularia    i^erratai   Cuv.— Tobacco-pipk-pish- — Capo   Cod 
Floiida;;  Went  Indiau  Faiuiii. 

160G7.  Aloobolio.    Wuod'ii  HoU,  Maw.    U.  S.  Full  Contmiaaion.     IrfTik 

SYNENTOGNATHI. 

BELOKID^. 

Beloiie  lon^iro^friH,  (Mitcb.)  Gill. — Hilvea   Qjji-visn. — Caj 
Cod  to  Florida. 

16555.  Coat.    Wood'H  HoU,  Mom.    V,  S.  Fiah  Conxniiffiion.    Sflpt.  '^I,  l^j. 
16183.  Caafr.    Wood'ct  Hull.  Uum.     V.  S.  Fiah  Conimisstoii.    Sopt.  C,  ld«5. 

217.  Photogiiipli.     U.  8.  Fish  Coniiiiiasion. 

riG3.  Color  sketuli.     Prof.  A\ox.  Agaaaix. 

&40.  Color  sketch.    (lUckard.)    U.  8.  Fiali  CommlMion. 

Belone   latimanus,   Pooy. — Silveb   Gab  Fisn.—Capc  Cod 

Florida. 

161S1.  Cast.    Wood'a  HoU,  Maaa.    XT.  8.  Fiali  CommiaiuoQ,    July  lb,  1S75. 
TO.*!.  Colnr  hkntch.     (Richard.)    TJ.  8-  Fiah  Cominiasiirn. 
213.  Photograph.    U.  iS.  Fiah  Cotuuiiai^iou. 

Beloue  hianiB«  Cnv.  &  VaL — Bow-Monrnr-n  OAn-PiKn. — "«•<-«  Ti 

diau  Fanna. 
21410.  Alcoholic.    New  York  market.    0.  lirown  Gooctc. 

Belone  Jonesii,  Goodt*. — IIoxrND-FisH. — We»t  Indian  Fanna. 

£1392.  Alcoholic.     Benniidoa.    0.  Brown  Goode. 

8CO:nBERE!$OCIB.i;. 

Exoccelus  eiKilienA,  fimcl.— Bt  tteufly  FLV[XO-Fx«n. — Wewt 

diau  Faiiun  and  north  to  Capo  Cod. 

3U10.  AlciihuUc    Bortnmlaa,    G.  Bronu  Ooodo.    Mu.,  lif*% 


AKtUAL  RESOUKCKS  AND  FI8HEK1E8  OF  UNITED  STATES.       OH 

£soc€rtu«  novrhoracensis,  Mitch.?— Black- winged  Fltisg- 
VJsil. — Cape  Cod  to  Floridii. 

.  Alroboljc.    Bl(H*k  UIhiuI,  R.  I.     U.  8.  Fiah  Commiasion.    Aug.,  1874. 

Roudeletil*  Cur.  &  VaL — MciUterraxieuu  and  Atlantic. 


SIWO.  AJcoLuIti.     B*nuiula8.    0.  Brown  Goode. 

ypM^luma   Aircafii«f  (Mitch.)  Wemland.— Bka&ded  Flyi^o- 
Fisa.— Atlantic. 


21419,  Alcoholic.     Berniiulas.     O.  Drtiwn  Oootlo. 

Ktilrptorhnniphii!*«  long'iroftlris,  (Guv. &  Vul.)  Gill 

lo  FliJiidu- 

l&ftiw.  Alcoliolic    Kowpurt,  R.  I.    Air.  Brown. 


iipeCr 


[-HcomlK'refKix  HcntelfladiSf  Les. — Haij^-beak;  Skipper. — Xovji 
Scotia  to  Florida. 

1310-1.  Curit. 

410,  b^JUf.  Color  ftkotcbcs.    (fiicltnnl.)    U.  6.  Fiah  Commiaaioo. 

HAPLOMI. 

EMOCIDiE. 

C»o%  nmericaiiupit  Omeliu. — B&ooe  Picexrbl. — Massachusetts  to 
Miurybiiid. 

ITTCtt.  Alcobolic.     Kfeifvillo,  V.  Y.     Tf.  X.  Howitt. 
7WS.  Color  Hkolrli.    (Kicltord.)    V.  S.  FUU  Cummiaaion. 
490.  CiUor  ftkctcb.    Vtvi'.  Alex.  AgiUMiU. 

E«M>t  rrliciilatUN,  Iwcmipur. — PicioiaKL.— Atlantic  slope,  Ke\rEn; 
land  to  Aluli.'ima. 

I£i0l2.  Ciut.     WaflliiDgton,  V.  C.     G.  Brown  Goodc. 
K^  Pb»to};rujih.     V.  A.  FjkI)  rnnunUHiou. 
T5A  Color  aktrtcli.     C.  ft.  FUUi  ComiuiMion. 

0X9,  Color  akptctu     (Itocttor.)     Kasl  Warebam,  Miiaa.     Maat^um  of  Comii 
Zoology.    Feb.,  li^m. 

CaOX  Incinw,  IJnn. — Pike. — XorMiom  America,  Asia,  and  Europe. 

lW:ri.  Cftst.     Snn.hiMky,  Ohio.     .7.  IV.  Milaor.     Oct.  ac*,  IS73, 
1-^cr..  Ca-t.    tJiUHliwky,  ()hi.i,    .1,  W,  Milnor.    Nov.  3,  1973. 

tflU.  Phiito^ttph.     L*.  H.  F'itih  CouanipMiou. 

Itia.  CobT  Hk<*tiih.    (Kuvttor.)    Mitwum  of  Comp.  Zoology.     8Ackrtt*a  Hnr- 
iMir.    Xov.,  iJHttO. 

<W.  Colnr  mketcb.     Prof.  Alex-  .AgossU. 

*\  nobilior,  ThompHon. — MrsKET^LUNOE  (weight  ^7  ptnindM). — 
1 1 1        '    '« •!»  and  Southern  British  l*roviuce3  east  of  Bocky 

.M.     .,    ,u  .. 

1««C>.  CA€t.    Biuduaky,  Ohio.    J.  W.  Mllncr.     Oct.,  1873. 
^t  ^I   Pbutofimphit,    U.  8.  l-lfth  Coniiui/Mintt. 


56        ANIMAL  BESOURCES  AND  FISUEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


CYPRIMODOIVTID^. 

Cyprinodon  Tariegatus,  Lac. — Shoet  Ctpbinodon. — Cape  Cod 

to  Plorida. 

139B6.  AlcohuLic.    Noank,  Codq.    U.  S.  Fish  Commiaaion. 

Fundulus  pasculentus,  (Mitcli.)  Yal.— HuHMiOHoa. — ^Nova  Scotia 
to  Florida. 

13970.  Alcoholic.    Noank,  Conn.    U.  S.  Fish  Commigsioa. 
434,  797.  Color  sketches.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

Hydrargryra  snajalis,  (Walb.)  Val.— May-fish.— Brackish  waters? 
Cape  Auu  to  Cape  Hatteras. 

323-333.  Fhotograplis.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
13974.  Alcoholic.    Noank,  Cotin.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
434.  Color  sketch.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

ISOSPONDYLI. 
S¥]¥ODO]¥TID^. 

f$ynodus  Dctens,  (Linn.)  Gill. — Snake-fish.— Cape  Cod  to  Florida. 

16583.  Caat.    New  York  market.    E.  G.  Blackford.    Sept.  24,  1875. 
424.  Color  sketch.    (Riehunl.)    U.  Iri.  Fish  Commission. 

TIallotus  villosus,  (^liill.)  Cuv. — C.vtelin. — Polar  Seas  and  south 
to  Nova  Scotia. 

3417.  Alcoholic.    Gross  Water  Bay.    Dr.  E.  Couos. 

0»^iucrii*«  pacHlicus,  (Rich.) — Oulaciianj  Candle-fish. — Xorth 

Pacific. 

2n.V|.  AlcohoUc.    Wiishingtou  Tor.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

O^iiierus   Biiordax,   (flitch.)  Gill. — Sjieltj  Feost-fisii. — Nova 
Scotia  to  Cape  Hatteras. 

S^'}.  I'hotoj^;iph.     X'.  S.  Fish  Crtmiuission. 
507.  Color  skctoli.     (liicliiinl.)     1'.  S.  Fish  Comniissioii. 
13SC3.  Alcoholic.     Eastport,  Mc.     U.  S.  Fi.'<h  Commission. 

Argeiitiua    fiiyrten«<eHUi,  Goodt^  &  IJcan. — AVestern  Argen- 
tine.— Deep-sea  Fauna  of  Western  Atlautie. 

21G24.  Alcoholic.    Sable  Island  Bank.    Cupt.  J.  W.  Collins. 


▲XIMAL  RGSOUBCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  L'XITED  STATES. 


0< 


COREOOlilD^. 

ronn«   cOiipcBlbrmB«Y    (Mitch.)    Milner.  —  WniTE-Fisn.— 
Great  Jiokt^  and  British  Amorica. 

EcorHc,  Mich.    Goorge  Clark. 
'      I.     Eoarse,  Mich.     George  Clark. 
'  '     ji'-mtowti,  V.  V.     Eliliu  Phiuni'y. 
.  .  .'.-',  2^,  233,  :t29,  ^0.     Pbotogruplia.    U.  S.  Fish  ComnOnion. 


BUS   labradoricn§,  Kiob. — Laicb  AVHixiPia. — Northern 
hakes, 

fi3EL  rbnto/*rApb.    IT.  8.  Fifth  CommiMioii. 
16B66L  AlcoboLic.    l^aku  WiuuepUeogee,  Me.    U.  6.  Fi«h  CommiBsion, 

^rof^opiiim  quadrHlateraBeT  (Ttioli.)  Miluer.— "Siiabw-aithr;' 
— (iival,  L;tkcH  and  northward. 

S33.  riiotDf^ph.     L*.  8.  Fiah  Comnufittion. 
1^3t3i;.  .Ucoholk.    Grand  Lake,  Me.     U.  6.  Fiab  Commiseion. 

rM»piuni  CoueMi,  Mihier. — CinEP  Mountac?  Lake  White- 
rtsn. — Upper  Missouri  K^^^non. 

141-Mu  Alooboli«.    Citicf  Mountain  Lake.    Dr.  Elliott  Couea,  IT.  6.  A. 

roftomQA   Artodi,  (Les.)  Hoy. — Heeking  WniTE-Fisn.— . 
Ciffut  Lakt'^,  otc 

!£3Cw  rbotojcraph.     U.  6.  Fi«h  Conuniatuon. 

T"  r^  imrJ.)    U.  S.  Fiah  CommiAsion. 

11  •  ' ,  Mii'bigan.     U.  S.  Fifth  Comiuiaaion. 

lO  aalar,  Liniu — 8ai.mo>'. — Norihcni  America  and  Europe. 

l^P*.  Vrat.    DnckxpoTt,  Mo.    Josepb  Palmor,    Jnly  1,  1973. 
%fr  Uijck«port.  Mn.    C.  <*,  Aikliia.    Nov.,  li^.'J. 

1»"  Diii-kflport,  Mr.    0.  U.  Arliiiis.    5ov.,lH73. 

h  Uockhport,  Mc.     C.  0.  AtMim.    July  1,  1H73. 

SX.  -.     -li,  S'K.     riiotograiibs.    U.  8.  Fi«b  Cl«mui^*i(m. 
41&.  Wat«t'<-t)IoT  ikctcb.    U.  S.  Fish  Coramiaiiion. 

Imo  Milar*  rar.  i^bapro,  Gimr<l. — Sehago  Salmon  (land-locke*!.) 
—81.  Croix  Kiver  and  Sobago  Lake.  Introduced  into  other 
lakea. 

X6fA7,  Cwi.    A>HhiilolM(ia  T^ko,  Mo.     "DobciB  Club,''  tbrongU  Judge  Harvey 

jATolL    Jiiaoi  ld75. 
tfiffn.  Ca*L 
V 
&^  :  flkfitobes.    (Rtobnnl.)    U.  S.  Fiab  Comxaiflsion. 


68        ANIUAL  BESOmCES  AKD  F1SHEBIE8  OF  UNITED  STATK8. 

.Salnio  ffhrio,  Liiiii. — RrvaE  TKorr. — Rivera  of  Europe. 

S&2.  Pliotogi-upb.    U.  8.  Fifth  Commiwioa. 

Oncorh^-nrhim  quiniiat,  (Rich.)  GtliitlKT.— Qtinnat  or  Sai 
MENTO  tiALMON. — Korthwcst  Coast  of  America ;  feoutli 
California. 

10340.  Co«t.    New  York  market.     E.  O.  Blackfonl. 
1U:U7.  Cast     Sacramento  Uivvr,  CnL     L.  8Ume.     March,  1973. 
S4dj  24l»,  aaO,  251.     Pbotugraphj*.    U.  8.  Kwh  Uomniistiion. 
410.  Color  Hketvh.    (Bi4!bant)    U.  S.  FiaU  CoinuiiAftioiu 

€ri!!>tivoiner  naiiiayciiHli,  (Peiin.)  Gill  &  Jonlon. — ^XAJfAYcn 
Teout;  Lake  Tkout. — ^Nortbeni  Lakes. 

24G,  247.  Photogrftphs.     C  S-  Fish  Cftminiwinn. 
103l!i.  Ciutt.    M<Mi«oh«.ad  I>ake,  M«.     E.  M.  StiUwolt 
1G670-71.  CoMtN.     Ldike  Winuepiseoi;oo.     U-  S.  Finh  Commiwinn. 
46a,  5:26-7.  Culur akcU-bi-«.     (Eiiburd.)     U.  S.  Fi»b  Coimuuision. 


$alvelinu«ronfinaliA,  fMitoh.)G{ll  &  Jordan. — BnooK  Tnorr. 
Kiseis  iiiid  Lakes  of  British  North  America  ami  of 
noitberu  parts  of  the  Uuited  Stutea  and  Ajiiuihid 
Raugc. 

IfiCSe.  Cast.     WfMxVa  Holl.  Muss.    V.  K.  Edwarfs. 

lG9Ct.  CoHt.    SyHluiIobHiM  Lakv,  Me.     '*Dobabi  Cluh,"  ttiran^h  Judge 
Jewell.     Jiinci.  1875. 

16758.  Cast.    New  York  market.     E.  G.  BUckford.    March  28,  \P7X 

10311.  Cast.    Now  York  marki-t.     E.G.  Black/onl.    Mtmli  '22.  1H75. 

15470.  Ca«r.     8y«lad(ibnift  Laki%  Mt*.     "Dnbttia  CInb,*'  tbmiigb  Judge  U: 
Ji'WcU.    June.  1875. 

343,  244.  Photogrnpbs.    U.  S.  Fiah  ComniiKaJon. 
751.  Color  hketch.     (Richard.)     I.T.  S- Finb  (-imiiniwtion. 

9679'2.  Moimti'd.     (Male.)    Rad^I j  Lakf ,  Mo.    <Vo.  8hr<)tan1  Page.    Wrifhlj 
poiuKla,     Tb*  h»i'n:e«t  Br<x»k  Trout  on  record.    Taken  by  Oco.  Kh^ 
Pago  iu  1867.     TranHpijrtiNl  alivo  in  a  box  of  yeaUv  (whl^li  al 
taiuod  a  female  trout  wvigbing  S^  pouuda)  tu  Stanlp^',  ^Kirrid  C4 
Jeney. 

S^alvelinum  oqua^twa,  (Gimnl)  Gill  &  Jonlon ^Oquabsa  Toooti 

Riiu;>ely  Luke,  Ale.,  and  vicinity. 

S45.  Pbotoji^aph.     V.  B.  Finb  CninntuMion. 

540.  Color  sketch.    (Kichard.)    U.  3.  Fieb  CommiflaioiL 

750.  Culorakotcb.    (lUcbaid.)    U.  fi.  Fiidi  Commimdnn. 

Thynialluii  tricolor*  CV>fM».— MirninAx  Oratlc(o. — >oiiu< 
portion  .southern  ]keiiinsul>i  of  Michigan. 

15226.  Ca«t.    Au  8abto  BivKr.  Mich.    Fred.  Matbur.    AptU  7,  187&. 
aStii  V3d.  Fbot4itr«ph&    U.  8.  Fiab  Cunimianou. 


ALBUJLlDiE. 

Albala  Tnlpm,  ([^itin.)Good6. — Lady-fish. 

fciiibti-opicaJ  Seas. 


-Peln^c;  Tmi)icnl  and 


3S5l  Photofpniiib.     IT.  8.  FUh  CommiBsion. 
SieaV.  Alcoholic.    Wood's  HoU,  How.    U.  S.  Fish  CommiflBioa. 

IffYODOI¥TID.E. 

y  oiion  ler^tD^UNf  Les. — Moox-sye. — Qreut  Lukes  and  MiKHissippi 
VaUey. 

i.^.t.i.  Oftfit.     New  York  luarki't.     E.  G.  Blackford.     Nov.  15,  1675. 
I4et13.  Ca«*.    Cini^lruiati,  Ohio.    J.  W.  Milncr.    Nov.,  1873. 
3SKI,  *JM.  I*hotrt(jjr»ph»*.     U.  S.  Fish  Comniissinn. 

7*i3,  Color  skutcij.     (Kicbiutl.)    U.  B.  FitiU  Couuoisttioa. 


EIiOPlD^£, 
lopM  «anrii«,  XAmi. — Bia-EYED  HKRUTXtr. — Tropical  and  Subtroin- 


1S8B4.  Ciwt. 
tAdSS.  Cwit. 
)S744.  CamU 


New  York  niarkpt. 
Mew  York  nuirkot. 
Now  York  market. 
Npw  Ytirk  market. 
N»!**v  York  niiirket. 
Ni*w  York  market. 


E.  O.  niiiokfonl. 
E.  G.  Ulaokford. 
E.  G.  Bluckfonl. 
E.  a.  Blackfonl. 
E.  0.  Blnvkford. 
E.  G.  BIsckTord. 


Oct.  II,  1875. 
Oct.  U,  1875. 
Oct.  n.  I«T>. 
Oct.  U,  1^75. 
Oit.  14,  IW5. 
Oct.  11,  1875. 


S&A.  Fltnin^rapti.     V.  8.  Fish  Commissiou. 

77V.  Color  Bkvtcb.    (Ricluird.}    U.  8.  FUli  Coiniiiimion. 

'^ci^lopn    thrlAAoidcAf  (Sclin.)  Gilnther.— Tabpum.— Capr  C 

to  Fliiiidu. 


^^RtrumruH  lereN,(I>cIuiy}I3rcvoort. — Kuund  Ueruing. — Cape  Cod 
^H  t4i  Cu{>e  Iluttciras. 

BrrTOortla    lyrniiuuH,    (Latr,)    Goode.  — Menhaden;    Moss 
UUNKHB;  rooiE. — Newfoundland  to  Gulf  of  3Iexico. 

1^:      W.i.i.l'i  Iloll,  MaM.     V.  S.  FWi  rrtinmiMion. 

.-•      n  >.mI  ,  Hnt),  Mom.     U.  8.  Fish  CummisBinii.     Ang.,  1W5. 

l'ljnlot;;rti|ihH.     U.  8.  FiaU  Coinuiiiiaioa. 

Alex.  AgaMiz. 


14^1.  C«ist.    N«w  Jersey.    E.  G,  Dlnrkfonl.    Jnly  9,  1674. 
aw.  Photogmpb.     NowTwrt,  R.  1.    8.  PawcU.    Aug.,  W74. 

Dl;$^lMlB£BlDiE. 


sane.  AIcoUuUo.    NowptiK,  R.  X.    S.  PowoL 

CLlPElD.i:. 


60 


ANIMAL  RESOUHCES  AND  F1SHEHIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


Sbab. — Ne  wfoum 


Brevoorlia    pntroiiunt,   Goode, — Gulp    Menhaden. — Gulf 
^K  Mexico. 

^H  692.  AIcoIioUli.     BrazQ»  Santiago,  Texaa. 

L 


Alofifa  f«ai>iili^^aiiia,  (Wilson)  3torcr. 
Florida. 


mm.  Cast.    Potomnc  River.     J.  W.  Milnor.     T«73. 

10625.  CuKt.    rotoinuc  River.  D.  t\     J.  W.  Mllncr. 

14^78.  Cast.    Connecticut  lUver.    E.  O.  Uiackfoni,     May  7,  1874. 

•iOl,  !«W,  iW3,  am,  '-ftw.  PbotographB.     U.  6*.  Viah  CoumiisMou. 


k 


OpieifhoiieBua  Ihra^isa,  GUI.—Titrkad  IlGRRiNa.— ^e»t  Tndi» 
l-'uujui  and  north  to  Cape  Cod. 


20216.  AlcohoLia    Newport,  S.  L    U.  8.  nOi  Commlwdon. 


Pomolobu^i pfKeudoliarengiiiii<(WiL«on)GiU. — Alewtifk;  Frei 
WATER    Herrlng;    Uaspereau, — Kcvribiindlaud    n 

Florida. 

10682.  Cast.    (Female.)    TTood's  IloU,  Mau.    U.  S.  Fisli  Commiarioii. 
266,  9ffr,  268,  8tK>.  :iHG.  Pliofogrupb».    U.  P.  Kish  Commisalon. 
457.  Color  skt'tc'Ii.     (Rii-banl.)    U.  8.  Fish  Commisiuou. 

Foiuolobii!!$  luedaocrifi,  (Mitoh.)  Gill.— ^Iattawocoa;   Taxlox 
IIeruing;  8ka  Soad.— Kewtbundliind  to  Flontlo. 

10fl57.  CMt.  Potomac  River.  J.  W.  Milner.  1673. 
2*39,  270,  271.  Pbotogmpha.  U.  8.  Kisli  Commisirioti. 
458,  771.  Color  sketcUca.    (Riclianl.)    U.  8.  Fish  Commlaniou. 


C'liipea    hareiig^usy    Liun. 
Atlantic. 


■Herring  J    Sea   Herring. — Xortli 


399.  Pliotoginph.     U.  8.  Fiwli  Coinmissiun. 
136a&.  Alcoholic.    Eastport,  Me.     V,  8.  Ftah  Comiuisftion. 


C'liipea  uiirabiBii>i,  Ginird. 


Herring. — Coast  of  Califomifi, 

Prof.  AlWK. 


605.  Color  sketch.    GaliADii  Id.,  Gulf  of  Georgia,  W.  T 
June,  1859. 

DOROMOITIffD.F.. 

Doryflonia    repedianiitu,  (liac.)  Gill— Mud   .Siiad^    Wi 

8I1AD.— Cape  Cod  to  St.  John's  Uivcr,  FUu 

UWl.  Ca«t.    Pitr^mm..*  River.    0.  Brown  Gootlir.    Mtirch  I,  1^7.. 
l.'iiilKi.  Ciwt.     Wfuthiiigtou  umrkrt.     G.  Hrown  Goode.    Dec,,  lb"  i 
272,  ^73.     rhatog:raph«.     V.  8.  Kinh  Commiiution. 
7IM.  (.'olor  Hkoteh.     (Richard.)    U.  8.  Fiedi  CnrmniwdinL, 


Doryiionia  Cepedianiim,  rar,  heternrum,  ('- 

Omo  Gtzz.vRD  8uAi). — Ohio  iriver  aod  U' 


20^36.  AloohoUe.    Sorula,  Loko  nuna.    &  WUmot 


▲VtMAL  BK80UECE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


61 


H 


InirrauUM  viltnla,  (Mitth.)  B.  &  G.— Anchovt.— Cape  Cod  to 
Cupo  iiattx'ras. 

389:  Fhoto^^rnpli.     U.  S.  Fidh  Coiuiuission. 
MOaS.  Akdhohc    Watch  Hill,  IL  I...  &«.    U.  S.  Vish  Conuuianou. 

EVENTOGNATHI. 

;ato?«totuuN  tereit,  (Mit^hill)  Les. — Commox  Suckeb. — Eastern 
>^orthcm  America. 

279.  Fhrttoffraph.     U.  8.  Fish  CommiaKfou. 
l>*ir>.  Alcubolic.     Potomac  River,     U.  S.  Fisk  Commisstou. 

\y xomtomn     macrolopidotQiin,    (Le^.)    Jordan. — Stisiped 
SiCKEK. — .Mi.s.si.ssii)iii  Valley  and  Gi-cut  Lakes. 

1:^030.  Cult.  WoAlungtnn  market.  J.  W.  Milner. 
IffT—  '■-  Wodliliij;ton  murk(<t.  J.  W.  Miliior. 
liT  \Vanluiii;lou  mnrkct.     J.  W.  Milner. 

.T;-.  I'uotngraph.     U.  ^.  Fu«b  Couuuiseiou. 

lijcleptiift  e!onffatas,  (Les.)  Ag.— Black  Sue kke.— Mississippi 

Valley. 

Wr«.  Cjut,    Ohio  River.    J.  W.  MUner.    Nov.  5, 1875. 
88U.  I'hotogroph.     U.  S.  Fiflb  CouimiMlon. 

Irlmyzon    Hurrtta*    (Lac.)   Jnrdiui. — Chub    Sucker. — Easteru 

I'uiKd  States. 

'J**l.  Photogmpb.    U.  S.  Fish  Oommisdion. 

Erim>Kon  (noocIci,  Jordan. — Goodk's  Sucker.— Floridtu 

tfiOri.  AJuofaoUc    6t.  Jolm's  River,  Fla.    O.  Brown  Goodc. 


Bubalirlith%'44  biibalufl,  Ag. — BuFFALO-PiHn. — Mis8issip{M  Vnl 
I*?**.  r*rt.    Cmclnnati,  Ohio.    J.  W.  Milner.    Nov.  5,  1973. 


'arpiodea  cyprinuv,  (Les.)  Ag.— Carp.— Kuntern  Ui.ited  States. 

1073&  C*irt-    Potomac  River,  D.  C.    J.  "W.  Milnor. 

UO€0.  CwsU    Sanilusky,  OhJu.    J.  W.  MUner.    Nov.  3.  1875. 


CYPRiiTiDj;:. 

Plychocheiliui  graiidD«,(A5Tea)  Girurd.— **  Pike."— Pueifle  Slope. 


Plitf(o((Tftph.     U.  8.  Flab  CommiMiou. 


62        AXIMAL  RESOURCES  AKD  FISHERIES  OF  UXITED  STATES. 

i¥ot«niig^oiiiiM  niiiericaniis,  (Urui.)  Jonlan. — SHn«Es.— Soul 

ern  Rivtn-s. 

19063.  Alcoholic.    St.  Jolm*fl  River,  Fla.    G.  Brown  Ooode. 

?l*oteiiiJfi;oniiN  chr^NolenciiM,  (Mitch.)  Jordan. — Shus*ek,— E« 

orn  Atlautic  Statos. 

430.  Color  akutch.     (IticUiird.)     U.  6.  lliih  Comniisaioa. 

Xeiicii<icii9  pulchellus,  f^torer. 

630.  Color  sketch.     (BurkUunlt.)     New  Bodfonl,  Mass.     Pi-of.  Aic^x.  Agawi 

CaraNNHiM  niiratiiii«  (Linn.)  Blceker. — Gold>pi8H. — Donaeflticatt 

native  of  Cliin»  and  tTapan. 

16fifi7.  Cftiit.     WftshiniQitoii,  D.  C.     J.  H.  Richurd. 

ItSHM.  Alcoholic.     PuniU  uf  Mao'luuil.     U.  S.  Fish  Commiaaion. 


OuDEE  NEMATOGNATHI 


.l=)luri€h1hyM  inariniiN,  (Mitch.)  B.  &  G.— Forktail£d  Cai 

l*it>U. — Cape  C(k1  to  Florida;  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

15575.  Cast.     NVw  IVilforfl,  Matm.     V.  8.  FihIi  Cnmmissiou.     Oct.  11»  1875. 
yH3,  2tM»  iiHr,.  I'hotOKrunlis,     U.  8.  Fiah  Commissiou. 
mm.  Color  (fkotch,     (BicbanL)     U.  S.  Fish  CummiaiioiL 

Aniiiirus    cafiiR,    (Lion.)    GUL^IIobn    Pout. — Eastern    Noi 

Aiiioricu, 

406.  Color  Blcetch.    Prof  Al^x.  Agni«i«.    Nafnml  *!««  ilrnwin^y  hy  V.  Rov^ 
Icr  from  a  CrvsU  «}H^i\inon,   K;ibt  Wftn-haoi,  Miimh.,  F**!.*.,  iWii;  wcij 
t(  lbs.     "8.  T.  Tiftdalo  wiys  he  bftft  kccii  ilu*  .yuiug  of  lhi»  b[k*<:u^ 
lowing  the  mother  like  a  brood  of  chicktins." — Af«.  oi^lr. 

Iclithielnrns  ftiri^atoBf  (0.  &  V.)  GUI.— CHA^fyEt  CAJi*'Vt6B. 

Missi88iiiiii  Valley. 

mOiW.  Cnat.     Garrolltoii,  Ky.    J.  W.  Milner. 

157H7.  CmI,    Cnrmllton,  Ky.    J.  W.  Mihier,    Kov.  5,  1673. 

Pelodichlh>')!(  olivarifi,  (Uaf.)  Gill  &  Jortiau.— Mud  Cat-fi^b.— , 
Ohio  Valley  to  Iowa  and  south. 

ISSeO.  Cut.    CarioUtoa,  Kj.    J.  W.  Mibcr.    Nov.  5,  VSTU 


BE80URCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  DNITED  STATES. 


63 


Okder  apodes. 


(;o.\4>iKiDJE:. 

leer  oceanflea,  (Mia-h.)  Gill. — Congee  Eel. — Ne\vibumlluiMl 
to  West  Indies. 

^\4f9T3.  Caul,     W<*iKlit  11  It>»-     Block  Id.,  K.  I.     U.  S.  Fish  Cominiwiion.     8cpt. 
»!,  1874. 
14072.  Vmu    lllnck  lAlaDtl,  R.  T,     U.  S.  Fish  Comiuu»iOD.    S«pt.  30,  1874. 
SIB7.  FtMiloj;rtti>h.     U.  8.  Fish  Conunuaion. 


A.\«riLIiID.£. 

ilia  ro<ilrata,(Lcs.)DeKay.— Common  Eel.— EastenjUuiteU 
Stjites. 


L 


1"  ^  I.     >Vw  York.     E.  G.  Blackfonl.    Aug.  20,  1874. 

l<  New  Ynrk.     E,  0.  Blnckfonl.    Au^c-iW,  1874. 

l(J7*^t.  C'iMl.     Piitotii.ic  River.     .1.  W.  Milm^r. 
1641(1.  Cut.     WuodV  Hot).  Matw.    Wiu.  Palmer.    Sept.  6,  1875. 
Hf:40.  Vutt,     Wwa'6  Uoll.  Miw«.     v.  .N.  EawttPda. 

286.  PlufUiffTuph.     U.  8.  KinIi  Commiwiuiii. 
4gO-8l.  Color  Rkt'tohca,     (Rirhdwl.)    t".  8.  Fish  Cominisaion. 
77X  Color  fikutrh.     Prof.  Alfx.  Agansi/. 


]VEiniCHTHllD.«;« 

Snu>e  Eel, — Deep   waters 


IchlhyH  Mrolopaceiifif  I   Uicb 
of  the  Atlantic. 


H      sniSS.  AlcoboUe.    Ueorgo'd  Boiik.     U.  S.  Fish  Commlsaion. 

■  S¥]VAPHOnRAA€HID.«. 

Hnaph4 


aphobranchiiM  pinnaluHf  (Oronow)  Giinther.— Madkira 
EitL. — Deep  waters  of  the  Atlautic. 

Alcoholic.     8abK«  lalanil  Bank.     U.  S.  Fitth  Commiwion, 


Okdee  cycloganoidei. 

AlVIIIDJS. 


\m  caira,  Una 

Stiltea*. 


-MuB-Fisn. — Contxal  aud  Southciistern  United 


UW.  Om^.     Hnndn.ky,  Ohio.     .1.  W.  Miluor. 

i-k  niarkft.     E.  G.  BIftckford.     g*pt.  24,  187B, 
i^  .     U.  8.  Fish  Commliteion. 

M.  iolwr  ak«tTh.     (Btirkhardt.)     Churlvaton,  8.  C     Prof.  Alex.  Agawdz. 
Id&X 


XSnLkL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES, 


Okder  rhomboganoidei. 

LEPIDOfSTClD.C 

Lepido»1eii4(  ok^m^uh,  Linn. — Gar  Pike. — Mississippi  ValU 
Atlantic  States  south  ol' Delaware  fiivex. 

UTIW.  Vnht.     S;tndn8ky,  Ohio.     J.  W.  ^tilner. 
|tffl7.  Cftsl.     S4itidu»ky,  Oluo.    J.  W.  Miluor. 
\X¥Stl.  Cuflt.     Potfliimr  Rivtr.     J.  W.  MUnt'r. 
TJ*\  ai>l.  I'hotoyrnpba.     I*.  S.  Fieh  Commisaion. 

!M    Lr|»idof»teiiN  platyKtomus,  Bof. — Short-xosbi}  Gar 
^B  Great  Lakes  au<l  atreams  aonth  and  west  to  the 

^M  Moimtaius. 

r 


II.  Alcohnlio.     Cluvvtaod,  Ohio,     Prof.  Baird* 


Order  SELACHOSTOMI. 
rOLTODOIVTID^. 

•Fi-esh  waters  of 


^  Polyodon   roliiiiii,  Lac.— Paddle-fish 
jH  sippi  Volley. 

■ 

III-   Arii»e 


14871.  Coat.    Cincinnati,  Ohio.    J.  W.  Milner.     Nov.  5,  1878. 
15475.  Cla»t.    MftdiHon,  I«il.    Gfitrge  Simnglcr.    June,  187r», 
39:2.  Pbntograph.     U.  S.  Fiiih  Commisuoa. 


Order  CH0NDR08TEI. 
ACIPE.KSERTD^. 


ri|»enmer  »tiirio,  Linn.— Suarpnosed  Stubgeon.- 

lautJL'j  uscendiui^  rivers. 

1&745,  Cut     New  York.     E.  O.  B1ii<'kfi>nl. 
141^06.  Cast.    Wood'H  Uoll,  Mam.    U.  S.  Fish  Conunladon. 
14^*77.  I'otoiuac  Kivcr.     J.  W.  Milucr. 
fld3f  394.  PhotograpltA.     I'.  8.  Fish  (roiuaiifutou. 
619.  Color  Bketch.     (Richard.)    U.  S.  Finh  CommiHdon. 

pAcipenser  brcTiro^tri^,  Los, — Suoktnosed  Stitkoko! 
lantic  Coast  of  United  States. 

Photographs.     V.  S.  Fitih  Commiosiuiu 
ES30.  Color  sketch.     (Richnrd.)    U.  8.  FtiJi  Cummuisioti. 

Acipenser  rnl>icnndu«,  Les.— L.ike  STrBOBO!f,«Gmij 

UUil  MMltb. 

997^  3BS,  390,  300,  and  301.    Fbotoffraphe.    tJ.  S.  FUh  ConimtMlnn. 


ASDUL  BESOUKCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.         C5 

icl|»en»er   luaeuQoNUiK,  1^8. — Long-nosed   SximoEON. — Great 
Lakefl  and  Western  Eivers, 

m-e.  Color  sketch.    Huntavllio,  Ala.    rrofl  Alex.  Agamz.    1853. 

l^ajihyrhyiichopH    ]»lal>  rhyiicliiis,    (T?af.)   Gill.  —  Shovel- 
NosKD  tjxuUGEON, — Miis^ijs^ippi  Valley. 

1j93^.  Coat.     Ohio  River.    J.  W.  Sfiliirr. 

13KW.  Cwt.    Ohio  River.    J.  W.  Milnw. 

1M76.  Ca»l.    MadiiKiD,  Ind.    George  Spftn^rlor.    June,  1875. 

VH,  8QX    FboWgrnplia.    U.  S.  FlhIi  CuininiffHiun. 


VL  ELASMOBRANCHIATES. 

Order  HOLOCEPHALI. 

[Chlinarra  pluiubea.  Gill— Ebowk  Gimi^nA.— Deep  waters  of 
"Western  Atlantic. 

nm.  f.aiit.    Btutquereau.    Capt.  Joe^-pli  W.  OolHns. 

'HydrolafjTU-*  Colliei,  (T^ennett)  Gill,— Pacific  Ciidls:ra.— Noi-tli- 
west  coast  of  North  America. 

9B3.  Alcoholic.    Fugct  SoiuuL    Dr.  Qoorge  Sucklcy. 

Okder  RAIiE. 

IIIYLIOBATIDJB. 

tjHolNitiB  FrcmenTilBel,  (Les.)  Storor.— Eagle  Kay.— Cape 
Cod  Ui  Florida, 

IflOB.  Cant.    Wood's  lIoU,  Mfuw.     U.  8.  Piah  CommiMRioTi.     Sept.  23,  187.5. 
UI17.  Vaxt.    Wood>  noli,  Mom.    U.  S.  FUh  Commuwiou. 
a»G-319.  FhotQj:mphB.     U.  S.  Fish  Coinmissiou. 
700.  Color  aketcb.     U.  8.  Fiiih  Cuminiwnou. 

V|lioball8  caliibrnicus.  Gill.— California  Sting  Kay. — Coast 
of  Culilornio. 

10087.  Cjut.     San  Frnnriaco,  Cal.     L.  Stone. 

901.  Photogmpb.     If.  S.  Fish  Comzuiflaloo. 

Colar  akciob*    U.  B.  Fiah  ContniiBaion. 

inopfrra  quadritobaf  (Les.)  Cuv. — Cownosed  Ray. — Cape 

Cod  til  Kloriiia. 

SOGw  I'botogmpha.    U.  8.  Fiab  Conuuiaaiou. 
BolL  >'.  M.  Ko,  U 5 


fl6 


ANIMAL  KESOntlCeS  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATKa. 


TR¥«0]V1DJB. 

TryjBTon  renlrura,  (Mitch,)  Gill. — Stusg  Bay.— CwpoCod  to 

14U-iU.  Cost.     WiKHl's  Hull.  MasH.     U.  8.  Fuk  Couuniwlon.    Jane,  ItCX 

148Ha.  Cast.    Portland,  %lt\    Skillingn. 

a^M,  :K»r>,  :«G,  327,  328,  »;».  PhoUigrttpUii.     U.  8.  Fi«h  Coiiuiii«on. 

Trygon  Sabina,  Lesiiour.— Eivee  Sti>'g  Bay.— Southern  Co 
eutt'iiuju;  rivei's. 

mm.  Alcoholic.    Lake  Monroe,  FU,    Prof.  Dainl. 

Trj'fon  haMtata,  (Do  Ka^)  Storer.— Ssiooxn  Sting  Bat. — Sofl 
cm  Cimst. 

2H;i>6.  Skill.     West  Floriiln.     T>r.  J.  W.  V«ilie. 

Pteroplatca  niacBnra,  Hull.  &  Henle. — Butterfly  Bat.— C 

Coil  t-)>  Florida. 

16313.  Cost.  WooU'8  HoU,  Maas.  XT.  8.  Fisli  Coiumwaiou.  Aug-  5,  1875w 
3:J1,  322,  323.  Pbotograplts.     V.  S.  Fifth  Commission. 

TORPEDII¥IBiB. 

Torpedo  occidenlalis,  SU>ri*r. — Torpkdo;  CuAMP-Fisn. — Ci 
C(xl  to  Floriiliu 

14912.  Oast.  ^Vooa'B  IIoll,  Mum.  TI,  R.  FtMi  ComniiMimn.  Jnly  32,  lOTS. 
14U19.  Cftflt.  WoofVH  HoU.  Mass.  U.  8.  Fi^h  Corambmoti.  July  &.  1873. 
16665.  Cast.  WooiVs  Holl,  Masa.  V.  8.  Fiah  Cinumiwion.  Jnly  &,  1873. 
aaO,  331,  332,  333,  3:14,  335.     PhotOKTaphn.     11.  ft.  Fiah  ComuuscuoD. 

RAIIB^. 

Rata  crinacca,  Mitchill.—CLKAB  nosed  Skate.— Xora 

Florida. 

343,  'MA,  345,  34(3.  PhoU>gra|)l).s.     U.  S.  Fish  ComniisaioD. 

14681.  Oast.     Portlnml.  Mo.     V.  8.  Fish  roramifwion. 

10612.  Cofft.     Wood's  Hnll,  Moas.     V.  N.  Edwanlo. 

16506.  Cant.    Wood'a  Uoll.  Moss.    V.  N.  Edwurda.     Mu.t  14,  1873. 

33e«  337,  :ni>i,  -XX),  :uo,  341,  :t42.  Photogmplut.     U.  M,  Fifib  CoumiM&l 

iOe»  409.  Color  Hkttt<:hcri.     (Rk-hanLj    U.  8.  Fitdi  CoitimiMinn. 

761-^3-3.  Color  .ikctches.     U.  S.  Fish  CommiMiou. 

7&W).  CoUir  skotchos.     V.  8.  Fifth  Commiewion. 

774-ri.  Color  RkotohcA.     ProC  Alox.  Agacslz. 

Raia  ocellafa,  Mitrhill.— Spotted  Skati;.— >ew  Ilngland 

r.)i:!l.     AU'ibolii'.     Nikhaiit,  MxiHk    Mils,  of  Comp.  Zoologjr. 

Raia  radiala,  Uouovau.— Spixy  Skate.— Xortbern  AtUioUc^ 
194.1^.  AluuhoUc.    Nahant,  Maah.    Mtw.  of  Comp.  Zoology. 

Raia  efflanferla,  Lacep — Eola>*tin^  Skate.— Cttpo  Anti 

rtoiitUwartl. 
10-130.  .Ucoholic.    8.  Kenr  EnglaDd.    Mat.  of  Coaip.  Zoology. 


AXIUAL  RESOURCES  ANP  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        67 

ilaiallCTls,  Mitcb.— SuAttP-nosED  8katj3-— Nova  Scotia  toi'Iorkl*. 

itKH.  C'mU     (Vrning  male.)     Montaok  Point,  X.  Y.     U.  8.  FiBb  CommiacdOD. 
Ang.  1,  1(^4. 
401  Color  «1(rt«b.     IT.  9.  Fifth  CominiiwioD. 
IfiTOl  Cant     (Voirag.)    Xo&uk,  Conn.     IT.  S.  Vhh  Cominiitaion.     Aug.  1,  167-I. 
IStOX  Cast.    Koank,  C'onti,     V.  8.  Fteli  Commission. 
i6BJ^,  CtuH,     (Tuuug  uiuU<.) 

IttSA  CmI, 

U7,  .M(%  349,  .TiO,  351.  PbutogniphR.    T.  S.  Fwb  Commisiiion. 

BHl.\OBATlD^. 

iRhinobatUH  producta«,Giriml. — Long-nosed  Skate. — Coast  of 
Cttlifornia. 

H?7')4.  Cwr,     8un  Frautii»co,  Cal.     L.  Stone. 
'A3{.  Hbutogrnpb.     U.  S.  Finli  Cnmrnif^inn. 

TRISTIDjC. 

[friitU  antiqiiorum,   (Lini).)  Lath.— Saw-fish.— Cape  Cod  to 

riohtlii;  'l'n»i>io4iI  Soas. 

imi  Staffed  skis.    Florida.    H.  A.  Ward. 

^oatina  Dumerili,  Lo».— Monk-fi.sii;  Fiddle-fish.— Cape  Cod 
to  Florida;  Tempoi-atc  and  Ti-opical  Seas. 

•.     WomlV  ITolI.  Mow.     V.  N.  KdwanlH.     Sept.  1,  1873. 
-I.     Mtnit^mthn  Itight,  Mam,    Jowin  Liico.     Sept.  I,  I87.'(. 
Kd,  3Mj  3S6.  Pbotogrupba.     U.  S.  Fi«b  Commitwton. 


Order  SQUALL 

L,A.1I!VIDjE. 

rorniibica,  {Gmpl.)   Flpining. — Porbeagle  SnAUK.— 
Atlantic,  Mediterranean,  Japan. 

t\9A  Alwibnlie.    Gloucrat«r,  Mmr.    U.  S.  Fiiib  CommiBsion. 

I*iirtp«if«  D«kayftt  ^>11-  i^-  ^) — Mackerel  Shark. — Xewfound- 
land  to  rioritla. 

HMJl  C«^    WikmI '«  Uiill,  Miws.    V.  N.  Edward*.    Sopl.  an,  1W3. 
UWi  Cftrt,     Wirful'^  Hull,  M(i8».     V.  N.  Edwanbi.     Dec.  1875. 
»4A.  C6lnr  iiki<(c1i.    ( lilcburd. )    U.-  8.  Fiidi  Comminiim. 

('aitlkArodon  Alwoodi,  fStorer)  Gilt— Atwood's  Shark;  Maw- 
£Ai'Elc. — Newfoundland  to  Florida. 
Jswa. 


68        ANIMAL  RESOUKCES  AND  riSHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES, 

€f^iiO€ephafiu§  glaucus,  (Linn.)  Gill.— Blit^^xceabbd  Sbak^ 
Atlantic. 

mm.  AUioboUc.    \\ood*(i  Hull,  %tass.    V.  K.  Edwottlii. 

Eugomphodtis  littaralls,  GilL— Sand  SnAsiL— Pelagic, 

1{>647.  Coiit.    Wooil'ii  Hull,  ^lass,  U.  S.  Fish  Connmuoioii. 

10(>48.  Coifit,     Wood'a  Hull,  Mam.  XL  S>  Fish  Commit  Lou. 

419.  Color  skctcL.     (Bit^bnrtl.)  U,  S.  Fi»li  Couuuisaiou. 

445^  Coli>r  eketcU^     (Hi(*liard.)  V,  8,  Firth  Caiiimi4Aii>u. 

'  AI^OPECID^. 

Alopiat   vulpes,  (Liim>)  Bon. — ^TnKESH^^;  Swinglk-tail* — Al* 
liintic  and  Meditc^TaD(^aIl« 

ie25e.  Cast.    AI^B^mjjlia  Bight,  Maas.    \.l  S.  FibIi  CoumiiBsion.    July  30^  l^StX 
15733.  Cast.     Wood's  HoU,  Masa.     U,  »,  Fiah  ConinjiBStun. 
417.  Color  Bketcli.    (fiicliardO    V.  8.  Fish  CiniimiEflJoii. 

SPnTB!VIIft.£. 

Sphyrna  zj'g'xrna,  (Llun.)  Mull.  &  Heulo. — Hammeg-iiead  Sha£c. 
— Ti*opicul  and  Siibfa-opicol  Seas. 


1D^33.  Caat,    Noank,  Coun.    V.  S,  FUt  ComnuBftion. 

3U41.  3S1,  31^2,  30."!,  3I>I.  Fliotograpbs.    U.  S.  Fiab  CommUi^ion. 

4{j2'  Colur  ^ki^tcli.     (liicluird. )     V-  3.  Fiali  CamiiiWiioii, 


d 


Reniceps  tibaro,  (Linn.)  Gill.— Shoyel-head  Shabk.— Atlantic 

and  Western  Pacific  >  * 

13714.  Cast. 
.  Alcoliolic.    Becsloy'B  Point,  N.  J.    S.  F.  Baiid. 

«AIi£ORHII¥ID^. 

Enlamla  milberti,  (Moll.  &  Henle)  Gill.— Blue  Shabk.— Cape 

Cod  to  Florida. 

15742.  Cast.    AVood'a  HoU,  Mass.    V.  N.  Edwards. 
35G,  367,  3f5d,  399.  Pliotographs.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
418.  Color  sketch.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

Eulamia  obscoms,  (Les.)  Gill.— Dusky  Share.— Cape  God  to 

Florida. 

16070.  Cti3t.    Wood's  Holl,  Moss.    U.  9.  Fish  Commission.    July  10, 1875. 

Iso^omphodon  macalipiimifii,  Poey. — Spotted-ptn  Shakk.^ 
Tropical  and  Subtropical  Seas. 

356,  357,  353,  339.  Photographs.    U.  8.  Fish  Commission. 
Color  sketch.    (Richard.)    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
Cost.    Wood's  Holl,  Mass.    U.  S.  Fish  Commiseion. 


n 


iXlMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISaERlES  OF  UNITED  STATES.        69 

fcftlfocrrdo  ti^rinus,  Hull.  &  Ilcnle.— Tiger  SuAHK^-Atliuitic; 
Iniliau  Owftu. 

15740.  t'aat.    WckhVa  HoU,  Rlasa.     V.  N.  EawanU     July  M,  1?73. 
\iV9i.  Cut.    BuxzoTfl's  Uay,  Maas.     U.  ti.  l-*isli  Conmiiasion.     1^0. 
SO,  J71.    riioto]rruplM.     U.  8.  Fiali  Comzuisaion. 

lAuklcluii  canis,  (.llitcli.)  Dc  Kay,— Smooth  Dog-fish.— Cape  C(hI 
to  Cape  Hatteras. 

llWe.  Cmt.  Nurfulk.  Vu.     V.  S.  Fi«li  Coiamission.    June  25,  1873. 
I409&.  CoAt.  Wood's  tioU,  Moas.     IT,  H.  FiaIi  CommiMion. 
ICTM.  Ciut.  WofHl'a  noil,  Ma«a.     U.  S.  I'isli  Coiiimi88i(ni. 
10733.  Coat.  Wood's  Hull,  Mam.     U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 
UM&.  CmI.  (Molt.)    WDO<r8  UoU,  Miins.     V.  ».  Fiah  Conuuiwion. 
391,  3*1,  37-4,  nrs.  Flin(<tgrapbs.     V.  S-  Fi»h  Cniu  mission. 
.  Color  Akotcbcii.     (Rii^banl.)    U.  8.  Fiah  CoumUMion. 

OI^TGLYMOSTOnATlDiE. 

^iB^lymofttoma  cirratuni,  (Gmcl.)  M.  &  H.—NrssE  Shark. — 

Tmpical  Atluntic 

ltf>CO,  AkoLuUo.    Chesapeake  Bay.    Maryland  Academy  of  Science. 

HVINACTDJE. 

^ualna  aniericanus,  (Storer)  Gill.— Spd^d  Doo-Fisn,— New- 
fuun<llaii<l  U»  Cape  Hutterm. 

Ifi»,  Caat.     Martlia's  Vincyiint    U.  8.  FitfU  Commis«ion.    July  30j  1875. 
^  S77.  PhfilufiTikpba.     IT.  A.  Fisb  CommiAsioii.- 
IK.  Color  skclcb.     (Richard.)     U.  8.  Fisb  Cnmmissiou. 

Ccniroiirylliuni  Fabriciit  (IMnh.)  M.  &  H.— Greemjlxd  Dog- 
1  isu. — Deep  waters  of  Western  Atlantic. 

lUSa.  Om*.     Lat.  42^^  5li'  N.,  Lon,  tW'*  BC  W.    320  to  aC«  fathoms.     U.  S.  l-nsh 
Coraui»aioo. 

ins  microcephalusf  (Block)  Gill.— Sleeper  Shark.— 

JS^orth  Adarilii;. 

379,  379.  rtiotogrupbfi.     IJ.  8.  Finb  CommisHion. 

«7.  Cfflwr  nkftcb.     (Itichnrd.)     U.  S.  Fisb  ComraiMion. 

lOOO.  CMt.    Gulf  of  St.  Kftwrcncc.     Rcufrcw  &  Cu.    Nov.  SO,  1876. 

fntroHcymnun  ccplolepls,  Bocage  &  Capello.— Black  Dog- 
fish.— ^Duep  waters  of  North  Atlantic. 

Coat    Lat.  tT^  40-  N.,  Lon  63^  SO'  W.    220  to  tt60  fathomB.     U.  8.  Fiah 
Commlatlon. 


70        ANIUAL  BESOCBCES  AKD  FISHERIES  OF  UKITISD  STATElft. 


ECHEIVORHSIVID^. 

EchlnorliinDS  spinosns,  (GmeL)  Delamoille.— fipmr  Shab: 
North  Atlantic. 

21913.  Cast.    PioTincetown,  Moss.    £.  £.  8malL 


VIL  MARSIPOBRANCHIATES. 

Order  HYPEROARTIA. 
PfiTROmrZOlVTlDJB. 
Petromyzon  americanns.— Lahpbey  Eel. 

489-90.  Color  skotclics.     Prof.  Alex.  Agassiz. 

Order  HYPEROTRETL 

imrxiiYiDiB. 

myxine  g^lntinosa,  Linn.— Hag-fish  ;    Slime-fish. — ^KortU 
lantic. 

Sl(>79.  Alcoholic.    Le  Havo  Bank,  K.  B.    II.  S.  Fish  Commiaaion. 

VIIL  LEPTOCARDIANS. 

Order  CIRROSTOMI. 
BRAlVCHIOSTOiniD^. 

Branchiostoma  liibricum,  Costa. — La>'C£L£T. — Cosmopol 

21877.  Alcoholic.    Bermudas.    G.  Browu  Goode. 


SECTION"  B, 


(THE  CHASE  AND  THE  FISHERIES.) 

MEANS  OF  PURSUIT  AND  CAPTURE. 

L  HAND  IMPLEMENTS  OR  TOOLS. 

,  For  Rtr  iking. 

1.  Clubs. 
rnAnurd  rluhs.^ 

^     -rn  Inbs  n»ed  by  the  Indiniu  of  the  Northwest  coast. 
I  rraeu's  clabs. 

'/TIT.  "Halibut  killrr and  gob-stick."  Philip  Mercbiint,  tilrmocetrr,  Ma«». 
A  hottvyrlnb  with  wLii-Ii  the  fiithomiiin  kiUa  the  halibut  hya  blow 
ujion  the  hcud.  Out*  cud  \a  nhnrin-iu'd  fur  iitu.*  in  dl^tacUjllg  huokx 
ftxtm  tbo  giiUotH  of  fiah  which  haro  awnllowed  them. 

[Anufd  €lub«.' 

SttiDfsheiuled  clnbs.' 

»:  *  ,,»4  ^itji  teeth  or  bono  points.* 

'  Mf<l  with  metal  points*.* 


2.  SLtma-WKXGnTB. 


Mua^-^toncM.^ 

il«a;i;.«hot.' 

„  For  cutting. 

^tnight  bniTcs. 

3.  KjilVES. 

Himtrrs'  knives. 

£61.^3.  U»n(4?r'H  knife. 

5i-incb  bladfi.     Joho  RuascU  CntUry  Co.,  Turncr'a 

flSl.%3.  ntiitf4«r'i» 

knife. 

O'iufh  bhulc.                                  ' 

[FidU,  Mam. 

S61M.  Iln»t'<i'alaiLru. 

T-iuch  blade.                                  • 

«1&5.  Unotcr'*  knife. 

e-incb  blude.                                  ' 

tS172.  niintrr^H  kuifo. 

Di-ineh  bliulc.                                   ' 

tflTX  Ilnntcr'* 

knife. 

G-inch  blade. 

«1T4.  Ilnntprs 

knifr. 

(H-inch  blude. 

^.1- 

8-iiifh  bhido.                                     • 

r 

5-inch  blade.                                  * 

«i 

^i.ilu. 

6-inc*h  blade,                                     ' 

iar,i 

t.ifr. 

7-iiirli  bhule.                                     ' 

SCIM.  limit 

B-inrh  bliule. 

■      72         ANIMAL  BES0URCE3  AND  FISHERIES  OF  tTNITEO  8TA.TH 

H     S(raig:lit  knives. 

■ 

H            Hunters'  knives. 

m 

^^K               26£90. 

Uuattii'M  kniib. 

5-inc1i  blade. 

Jubn  fiusaell 

Cutler>'  Co.,  1 

^^H                 26^21. 

IluntprV  kutfc. 

6-inc1i  liUwIo. 

(• 

^^^1                 203*22. 

Hunter's  kuile. 

7-iuQli  blade. 

«i 

^^H 

Iluutcr'**  kiiifc. 

S-ini;h  blatle. 

it 

^^H 

nuutor's  knife. 

10<inch  blade. 

(1 

^^H 

Honter'*  knife. 

54-inch  blade. 

» 

^^M               SiOlXG. 

IXiintor's  knife. 

0-ioeh  blade. 

«■ 

^^H 

ITnator's  knifo. 

7-inch  blado. 

•< 

^^H 

IIanter*8  knife. 

B-inch  blade. 

i« 

^^H 

Hunter's  kuifc. 

&-iueb  blade. 

« 

^^^K 

Hnnter'H  knife. 

r»-ineh  W»d«i. 

M 

^^H 

Ilunter'n  knifo. 

7-inch  blade. 

ti 

^^H 

llunter'a  knife. 

8-iueU  blade. 

tt 

^^H 

Hunter's  knife. 

9-iueh  blade. 

14 

^^m               96165. 

Hantor's  knifo. 

10-inch  blado. 

ti 

^^m 

Hun  tor's  knife. 

U-inch  blade. 

tt 

^^H 

Hunters  kuifi*. 

12-incb  blade. 

■  1 

^^H 

Hunter^s  knifo. 

5-incIi  bhule. 

tt 

^^H 

Hunter's  knifo. 

&^iu(:h  blade. 

U 

^^M              SGl5d. 

Huntrr'a  knifo. 

7-inc'b  blade. 

tt 

^^H                96202. 

Uuntcr'e  kuifo. 

&-incb  blade. 

»i 

^^H                 SfU03. 

Hunter'ft  knife. 

G-iuch  bhwlo. 

tt 

^^m 

Hunter's  knifo. 

7-incb  blwlo. 

tl 

^^^                 S8305. 

Hantfii'to  knifo. 

8-ineh  b1n4lt>. 

tt 

K                      96806. 

Hiuitci>0  knifo. 

9-inch  blado. 

tt 

■                Sftsn;. 

Hmiter'B  knifo. 

10-inch  blade. 

tt 

H                      Seaoe.  Hontet'sknifi^ 

l*i-iuoh  blade. 

ti 

^t^       Dudley  bunters'  kuiv&a 

. 

m 

^^B                 S0197. 

Unutox's  knife. 

5-iuch  blado. 

"  I 

^^H                 !;i6198. 

Huutur'a  kaifc. 

6-inch  blade. 

1 

^^H 

Hnuter's  kuifo. 

7-ineh  bludc. 

■ 

^^^                   '26200. 

Huntei'ii  knife. 

9-iuch  blado. 

1 

H            HunterH^ 

(Urk-kiiives. 

J 

Hunter's  knifo 

metal  giinrd). 

5-iuch  blade. 

"  ^ 

^^^^^k                S0B36. 

Hunter's  knifo 

metal  guanl). 

6-iurb  blade. 

■ 

^^H                SG337. 

Hunt«r*8  knife 

^ metal  ipmnl). 

7-iuch  blwle, 

1 

^^H           se29& 

Hunter'it  knifo 

^motal  guanl). 

8-iuch  blode. 

I 

^^H 

Hunter's  knife 

(motal  guanl). 

7-inrh  hlndo. 

1 

^^V               9Cl&^- 

Uuutor's  knife  (solid  fpiaril). 

7-iUL-h  blade. 

"  J 

^^^       Splitting 

and  ripping  knives. 

m 

^^m 

Donblc-edgcd  throating  and  ripping  knifh.    A.  McCurd^,  ^ 

Mms. 

■ 

^^^^^         S9I03 

DuuUIr-edgMl  tliroatlng-kiiife 

(oM  itjb.). 

0.  &  rttum 

Mm*. 

■ 

^^^^^ 

Throatinf^  or  ripping  knife.    A 

.  McCurd.v,  01cmc««t«r,  U^M 

^^r               fiMll 

~—  --—n 

-      ^ -M 

_H 

AXUIAL  BISSOVRCES  AND  FISHEQX£S  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


73 


tl  kuivcu. 

Slilittiu(r  and  tipping:  kuives. 

SMKk  Doablp-cdfcod.  np|)tng-kuifo  (pecuiiar  to  coast  of  Mttlne).    Wilcox, 

Crittcudi'u  &.  Co.,  Middlctnwu,  Conn. 
9Mf>2.  Mockcirel-tfplittin;;;  kuilo.    A.  McCurdy,  Gloucester,  Maw. 
SMUtf.  Muckon  l-«[ilitiiii^r  k'nlfe.     ('apt.  Sara.  Klwell,  G1onc<>«tflT,  MasA. 
SMOi.  OcMltUh-tftilittiii-,'  knll'v.     A.  McCiinly,  GUmrcstcr,  Mass. 
1I941X  C<m1  or  luidtltick  ripping  knlfo  (old  styk').     G.  P.  Foster,  Bovi-rly, 

AIUAS. 

9d4!i.  Hake  i<r  hadditrk  t<plittui|{  kniTc*.    A.  McCordy,  Gloucurter,  Maiw. 
2W15.  Haddock-ripping  kuifi*.  **  " 

Flttying-knivefi,  aboriginal  and  rectmt' 
aOlGO.  Flaying-knifci. 

SGHO.  Flftpng-kTiife. 
W171.  Ilaylng-knifo. 
IfAlif.  I-layiug-kiiife. 
SolHrt.  Floying-kiiife. 
mm.  FlayinK-knlfn. 
SfilKi.  Flaying-knifi'. 
^Am.  Fluying-kuifi*. 
36187.  Flnying-knifo. 
Wide.  Flaying-knifo. 
KldB.  FlHying-knifn. 
86190,  Flftying-kiiiff*. 
S0S1I.  Flaying-knifo. 
ttftUe.  naying-knife. 
SOKtU.  Flaying-kuifc. 

BlahlHT-knives,  Eskimos.* 

Boftnling-knivwa  used  by  whulomen. 

Cird  In  r-ntlini;  |1i»«  MnldHT  into  ticctiimH  from  tlic  "blanket  piece"  or  long 
mipihhicli  U  pcvled  from  thn  sidcn  of  tko  ^lialu;  for  lUustratiuu  of  tbu 
nttuucr  vf  UM  sov  tliu  model  of  whalur  "cutting  in  tUu  blubber." 

9507a  Booniing-knifo.     W.  II.  Cook  &.  Co.,  Now  Bcdfonl,  Mass, 
"Tliia  kiiiiV  Ims  mi'u  many  years  of  wrvico." — A.  R,  C- 
tOeO^  Boardlngkuirct,  wUh  sUcatli,    A.  K.  Critteuden,  Middlotown,  Conn. 

^'^ktlomciiV  boat  knives. 

I'Md  to  out  tliL*  liorpoon-Unc  when  it  get«  tangled  in  paying  out. 

.  Itont-knifr  (model).     Capt.  L.  Hun-land,  New  Bedfoni 

This  model  lu  lis  alieutli  on  tht>  bulkhead  of  (be  whale-boat,  ready 
for  nsejs  shown  in  the  model  of  a  whalo-boat  (No.  24830). 

3900.  HaUbat-Ueiullng  knife.     Adolph  Vom,  GloneeMcr.  Man. 
'A^Mrinuf  Eiduuioaiid  Indiuu  llayiug-knives  is  displayed  in  tbo  Ethnological 

^^■Wrf  ibwA  impleownts  Is  cxbiblted  in  tko  Ethnological  dlviaioo. 


&-ineh  blade. 

John  Rnssell 

Cutlery  Co., 

Tnmer*« 

[Falls,  Mass. 

rninrb  blade. 

*'( 

*• 

7-ineh  blmlo. 

It 

ii 

5-ini;h  blaile. 

II 

tl 

(>-ineh  blade. 

tl 

It 

Ci-iucb  blade. 

(1 

« 

&-ini')i  blndo. 

•  1 

u 

fv-incli  blaile. 

It 

i* 

7-iucb  blade. 

ti 

tt 

5-iu(-b  blade. 

tt 

It 

*l-im!i  blade. 

tt 

•« 

7-inrh  blade. 

» 

It 

5-inch  blade. 

it 

tl 

6-inch  blndo. 

II 

11 

liLinrb  bindn. 

41 

If 

74        ANIITAL  HESOUECES  AMD  FlSnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


Mraigbt  kBurcs. 

FLmung-kiilves. 

31H00,  nalihwt-fliininglniife.    A]t?s,  McCnrdy,  C11oacefitpr,HML 

Chopping-knives, 

S94tirjl.  Ralt-clearcr  (iis«d  iu  balibat  fifilimg).    Alex,  MvCurdy,  Gloticcatei, 

33665.  Cod-bjiit  kiELfe,    Gi(^ace«tpr,  MttSfi.     U.  S.  Ftah  CommiaAtoD. 
39G64,  Bait-cleaver,  "  " 


Cheek- knivea. 

29438.  CodfiahcUfiek -knife, 

Tlii-oating-knives. 


Alex.  McCard.v,  QloncCAtor,  Mass, 


22670.  Cod-tliroatorCdoublciMlgp).  "  " 


rbsb-knives  (for  general  U8©). 


miS&.  Fisli^kniftj,      Heavy.      IS-mcIi  blftde, 

Tyrufr'M  Falls,  Moxut. 
2G19«.  Fit^h-khifu.     Htwk  hnndk*.     I34nck  hhuU\ 

Co.,  Tiimc^r'a  Falls,  Mium. 

Scaling^-knivea. 

215210.  Sftw-bladft  fisli-spaUng  knife.     Jolm  RitsiSell  Cittifj-j-  Co,,  Torner*! 

Falls,  MiiHa. 

Sailors'  and  fisliermen's  sbeatli-kmves* 

gailor»'  Bbeatli-kiiiveA.    Wilcoi,  Critlcndea  St  Co.^  >Iiildktowii|  Conn- 

29428.  Sbt^ntli  ami  belt,  with  ''law-abiding"  sheath -knife^     First  qnAlity. 
^)4^j.  Sht'ath  and  lieU.     Scranil  quality. 

SRM27,  8b<?ath  and  Iveltj  witli  "law-nhlding"  ahcatb-knifi'.    TUinl  qnaliry- 
Tim  "  law-ubidliig"  Alieath-kiufu  ia  round  at  i]i<i  Up  of  tha  biAde, 
which  i*  also  thick  atsd  dnll.  ^ 

Hunters'  ebeatU-knivea. 

The  hiiiiting-kjiivpfl  euHincrated  nbove,  niHntifartured  by  Ihe  jolin  Huasrll 
Cutlery  Co.,  atid  others  like  theniim*  iianally  provided  i%itti  shenllis  bc/oro 
they  art*  iiHcd  by  bimterH. 

H5a(i5,  Hiinling^Uiiiit«,alieath,  atid  Iw-lt.    Ftifpat  &  Stream  PtiLliHliin^  Co, 
(Proj,ji.^rty  of  Jalui  A.  NieholH,  SyniciiBo,  N.  Y.) 

Slivoring-kniveHj  used  by  fisliorjiieii. 

Tliesc  kiiivcw  mr  iisimI  to  Hlif<?  the  tU'wh  fmni  +Uf  oides  of  tie  menliAdf^fl  meS 
fur  bait.  The  slifea  ihxrn  prepart-d  arL^  cii^lled  '^f^liverH/'  andnreftaltod  Hows 
iu  bnrrcls  to  bo  tiHied  jm  biijtn  for  cihI,  lialibiit,  and  innrkcivt  boolb»,n'«ift 
{fTouuil  up  til  Ibt'  bait-iiL)n.4,  ftirmiiig  "sti*h"  or  "  Dlmrn,"  n  tbick  pairt*Tlii(|i 
in  thrpwu  over  the  aidvia  of  the  iiiiukvrcl-&macks  to  tolc  tho  fi^Ji  to  tbf 
surface. 


&E80CECE8  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 


ii} 


Stiveriag-kniveA,  umni  by  fiHlieiinun. 

IBMOT.  Stt«i>H»;;-ktiifi>.  (rnttcm  rinit  lived  by  Cape  Ann  fishcnDcn.)    G<v. 

B.  KujiliT,  Ilcverly,  MitiM. 

99300.  SlWeriitg-knifc.  (CnjH*  Aim  ]mtti<ni.)    Alnx.  McCiirdy. 

SWCft.  8UvrriuK-knifi\  (Nimtm?k«t  i>atteni.)    85mo<'l  KhvcU,jr.,Gloucrs- 

ler,  MaM. 

ttTAI.  SIivrriujf-knift\  R:umtfl  Elwfll.jr.jGlonoi'st^'r,  Miww. 

38860.  f^livrriiig-btHiXc.  Ulnutuoter,  MiU<ii.     L'.  S.  Kiab  Couituissiou. 

FHli;hmg-]cuivi.'j*. 

Cml  In  flUcing  hallhat  into  steaks  or  ^'flitt-bes"  iu  prcii»ration  for  aaltiog 
Had  UDokiug. 


Sbnnr  ilitdking-kiiifii.    Glnnroster.  Mfuw.     V.  8.  FihIi  ComiiiiHsiuii. 

2UB(i.  ]t;iiik  flitcbi^g•kuili^    Adul]»b  VctttA,  (ilonroHtcr,  Mfttu. 
3M10.  VliUbiugkiiirc.     Gluuct»tcr,  Mam,  A.  K.  C'ritti-udeu. 

Cbm  ftad  oyster  kuives. 

HSO^.  riani-l^nifo.    Jobn  Riuwll  CntUrj-  Co.,  Tumor's  Fiillis  Maw. 

.  O^hUT'kiUru  (model).    8fu  wodol  of  diMafwako  oyatur-cauoe  (Xo. 

*i6U>3). 

Nt-i-makore'  kuiveti. 

ThcK  knircs  nre  wiUintit  bnodlfs,  nnd  the  hwl  of  tbo  ttbort  (3  iuchcti  long) 
nwmi-tiotutrd  bindf  in  ciirltHl  ik»  lu  to  fit  tbo  finger  liki'  a  riug. 

SMaU.  Xt*t-rnfT»Iitigkiiivr.H(rii;bt-baml).     Wet.  Mrrnnly,  f»bmct«ter.  Ma*w. 
SMO.  NVt-tufudiii;;;  kuivi'ti  (loft4umd).    ALox.  McCiirdy,  UluuccAtcr, MiiM. 

^atkerel-rimmera'  futtinic-knives  or  ploughH. 

IV^  Id  erftiwing  thi*  nidoA  of  Iran  murkcrvl  (Notk.  S  and  3)  to  chum  them  to 
Memblp  tat  (So.  1)  miu'kerrl. 

B7W.  Muckrrrl-plotigh.  Edwin  Bluti-bford, 

ViK,  Ma<.'kvn'1-|iluu);b.  8.  Klwi*n,jr.,<jUMict'Hti<r,MnB9. 

STiTTO.  MiK-kfrpl-itlMtiKli.  S.  E1\v(;1IJr.,nbMin>ntt>r,  Mmh. 

iSTTl.  Mttckrrrl-iiloiigli.  8.  Ehvrn,jr.,UluiiCfHtc<r,Mau. 

15" ?3.  Ma<'k*'n.'l-pIiMi;j;h.  Eilwiinl  DttviM, 

2STT4.  MjK^ktTeVplnu^h.  Edwiiid  DiiviK. 

257Ti.  Mnokcn.'1-pluiigb.  (Vavd  iu  l-^tW.)    Mr».  nnmmb  M.  Bnrt. 

^TX.  Ma4;kcrel-plouglL  Centrnl  Wliorf  Co.,  IVovincriown,  Maw. 

MttingkiiiveA. 

tW  tn  cbMinfng  fiali  Tiritirc  snlting. 

WStX  Mackcrel-spltttlng  knir*'.     Glonrctttor,  Miuu.    U.  S.  Flali  Cuuimitwiou. 
'.  Cod-fl>pltttiiig  kniff  (ctirvod).  "  .*' 

Ciid'SpIilliug  kiiifi*  (ntmiglit).  "  " 

Btose  and  botics  kuivea  uscU  by  ludiaiis  nnd  Eskimos. 

7SI.  H«>iir  kiitrp.     Abilomon  Rirvr  Eakimoa,  Fort  Audenwn,  H.  D.  T.    R. 

M<;rarluui*. 


76         AK^lMAL  EESOUECES  AEiD  FISHERIES  OF  UKITEB  STATES. 

Sdrai^ltt  knives* 

IBtoue  and  l)oiio  koivija  used  by  Indiaus  aud  Eskimos. 
1G11&  Bono  kmfo.    Magemut  Eakimoe,  Nxmivjik  lalandii,  Alaska.    "W^ 
Dall. 
S178.  Bono  knifo.    Esklmoe. 
1326>  Bone  kjnifp,    Biikimoftt 


narpoonknives. 


4 


1034iS.  Horpoon-ktiifo,  wltli  aht&ath.    Mngcmut  Esklmua,  Kanivak  UU 

[Alaska.     \V.  iL  C 
IflllO.  Hiirpooii-kiiife,  \fitli  Aliefttb.  **  *' 

16105.  Harpoou-knifoj  witll  «Leatb.  "  " 

Itjioe.  Haipoon-knifo,  witli  (shenth.  "  ** 

103ES»  Harpo^i^'kiiife,  witli  alittti  blade^  "  *' 

Honey- knives.  I 

Tlie  thin  blado  bent  nt  an  augle  to  tkc  liandlc.  ' 

2GU5,  Honej'-kiiife.    Jolm  KuAsell  Cutlt^iy  C*»,,  ToniCT^A  rullii.  }i[a«s^ 

Skin  scrapers  and  parera,  used  in  preparing  leather* 

20144.  Taimor'a  knife.     t£-itLdil:>1adu.    Juke  RusacU  Cutlery  Co.^  Tntfl 

[Fall*,  J(( 
»G19G.  Tauncr'*  knife.     14-mi;lL  Made.  *' 


Axes,  proper* 

Head-axes  for  whalemen. 

Used  in  onttinff  off  head  of  whole. 
25913.  Head-axe.    £.  B.  &,  F.  Macy,  Kew  Bedford,  Ma«. 

Whalemen's  boat-hatcheta. 

Used  for  catting  haipoon-line  at  the  bow,  when  it  becomes  taoi^ed  in  "p 
ing  out." 

84660.  Boat-hatchet.    (ModeL)    Capt.  L.  Howland,  New  Bedfiud,  Mi 
This  implement  in  its  place  in  the  boat  is  shown  tn  model 
whale-boat. 
S6839.  A  boat-hatchet  may  be  seen  in  its  proper  place  in  the  bow  of  i 
large  whale-boat. 

Cnttlnff-spades. 

Whale-spades. 

Cutting-spades. 

Used  in  peeling  the  blubber  from  the  carcass  of  the  dead  wh^;  fir  Olait: 
tion  see  model  of  "  whale-ship  cutting  in  the  blubber.'' 

'  23679.  Cutting-spade.    £.  B.  &  F.  Maoy,  K«w  Bedftid,  iSmm 

SSOOS,  Cntting-flpade.    J.  H.  ThomaoB,  Kev  B«dlD^#M^^«>< 


ilOlUi  SX0OtmCE8  AHD  nSBEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.       77 
CittiBS^«p*des« 

Tbnwt-Bpades,  flat  and  round  shank. 
UimI  in  cutting  off  the  head  of  the  whole. 
S5995.  Thzoat-epade.    E.  B.  &  F.  Mocy,  New  Bedford,  Moss. 

Wide  spades. 

Cnd  ia  "  blubber-room  "  for  cattisg  blubber  before  mincing. 
SS039.  Wide  spade.    £.  B.  &.  F.  Maojr,  New  Bedford,  Maes. 

Halfnmnd  spades. 
For  catting  "blanket"  piece,  to  allow  blubber-hook  to  enter. 
SS937.  Half-round  spade.    £.  B.  &  F.  Mocy,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Head-Spades. 

Tied  in  cutting  off  the  head  of  the  whale. 
SSeae.  Head-spade.    £.  B.  &  F.  Macy,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Blnbber-mincing  spades. 
For  mincing  blubber  before  trying  out. 
SSOIS.  Hand  mince-knife.    E.  B.  &■  F.  Macy,  New  Bedford,  Moss. 

Chopping-knives. 

I'Md  to  chop  clams  for  bait. 

SM69.  Clam-chopper.    William  H.  Hesbolt,  Provincetown,  Mobs. 
3Sft76.  Clam-chopper.    Adolph  Yobs,  Gloucester,  Moss. 

Bait-mill  knives. 
Tied  on  the  rollers  of  bait-mincing  machines ;  for  mills  see  section  C.  5. 

SW17.  Bait-mill   knife.     Provincetown  pattern.      William   H.    Hesbolt, 

ProTincetown,  Mass. 
S571S.  Bait-mill  knife.    M.  W.  Grant,  Wellfleet,  Mass. 

Ice^ihoppers. 

Cttd  in  chopping  ice  for  packing  fish  or  bait. 
3B685.  Ice^shopper.    Adolph  Toss,  Gloucester,  Mass. 

tM  In  eotting  holes  in  the  ice  for  fishing. 

(nkkel-^lated).    Bradford  St  Anthony,  Boston,  Uoai. 


W       ANIMAL  RE80UHCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  tlNlTED  STATE* 


-  ^H  5,  THBuexiffa  bpeaks  akd  phods. 

FiAf n  g^  I  a  tice  i»» 

;•  ■  V-*--  ■■■  ■*■■■    '^v  ■• -^  .  t  i)  :!*.:■*    ,iw,.^...i.ri/i  ..;.K/ 
UMd  by  wludm  to  slv«  the  deayi4»low  to  4h«  wiala.' ^ 

9607a  muUfr-laaoe  with  luadk^  nadj  £»  lao.    X.  A.  *  3^ 


SG007.  'Whftle-laiioe  with  handle^  Mdy  Ibr  vao,   J.  B^  ntMM*  3mw 


THiale-Uiiioey  iron. 


.     ■  •■•"■*^'^ 


W.  a  Cook  ^b  Co.,  Hew  Bedfind, 


Seal-lanoes. 


IQUO.  BMd  of  laDoe  (hone  and  icon).    SeUmoe  of  HbvOieMl  mm%  ii 

west  of  King  lNnUU«m'elMd^Cii«t,<t,FsaWL    ..  ,    .  ; 
U17.  Seel-lanoe.    EaUmos  of  Aretlo  ooeet,  Andenon  Biva^  B.  Bb  T 

flBh-lanoes.    ••  ...,  ..-^v^  .^  .,•,...'.:.,  ./^.i  f 

SM63.  8word-fldi.huioe.    SeiaL  E^wdl,  Jy.,  Qknemt^tjipm^ 

33703.  Sirord-flsh  lance.    VineOd  HcCtaeb.    Glonoeeteiv'lUael 
.S5332.  Swoid-fidh  lonce  (with  Bcrew  to  fix  foUUng  handles).    U.  8. 

CommiBeion. 
26519.  Lance.    Indians  of  tbe  Northwest  coast.    J.  G.  Swan. 

The  tip  of  this  lance  is  mode  from  the  horn  of  the  mountain 
(Mazama  Montana), 

IVhaleman's  boat-spades  (thick  and  tihin). 

Carried  in  boat  to  disable  the  whale  by  catting  its  flakes. 

25928.  Boat^ade,  with  handle  and  warp  complete,  ready  for  nae.    I 
&  F.  Macy,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Prodding  instruments. 

Snow-probes. 

Used  by  tbe  Eskimos  in  probing  the  air-holes  in  ice  and  nnder  the 
tect  the  presence  of  seals. 

10274.  Bone  probe.  King  William's  Land.    Capt  C.  F.  Hall. 

10275.  Bone  probe.  "  " 

10276.  Bone  probe.  "  " 
2000.  Bone  probe.  Northeastern  Coast.    8.  F.  Baiid. 
8179.  Bone  probe.                    "                            " 
2180.  Bone  probe.                  "                          " 

>2181.  Bone  probe.  «  «  . 


'  Theoo  pioboo  aw  aoawtow  anpfUa^  yttfc  »  d  fltnwlnli||il1|i4a? 


AXaUh  BE80T7RCE8  AND  FISHEHIES  OF  CKIXED  STATES.        79 

*roddiBg^ijnstniinento« 

Probing-awla. 

Used  in  piercing  the  base  of  the  brain  in  killing  fisli  for  the  tabic. 

29416.  JjOTge  ateel  prod,  suitable  for  largo  fish.    A.  R.  Crittenden^  Middle- 
town,  Conn. 


II.  IMPLEMENTS  FOR  SEIZURE  OF  OBJECT. 

^Sooaping-instruments, 

6.  Scoops, 

]For  hand-use. 

Clam-shovels. 

.  1  Long-bandied  Hbovel.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

SG71G.  ■  Short-handled  shovel.    V.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

O^ister-shovelB. 

9G717.  (Model,  with  Chesapeake  oyster^^anoe,  Ko.  35003).    T.  B.  Ferguson, 
Uorylond  Commissioner  of  Fisheries. 

Trowels  used  iu  taking  burrowing  shore  animals. 

.  Collector's  troTrel  (flat).    To  be  sapplied. 

.  Collector's  trowel  (round).  " 

Hand-800ops  used  in  collecting  moUusks. 

— — .  ■  spoon-scoop.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

Bait-ladles. 

aSflSS.  "Bait-heaver"  (straight).    Gloncester,  Moss.    0.  Brown  Goode. 
'Bfllt-heaver''  (one-sided).  "  " 


(used  in  collecting  moUusks). 

98716.  Tin  hand-dredge.    TJ.  S.  Fish  CommiBsion. 


Mn9L  Fnme  of  pile-ecnpcr.    IT.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

'It  Is  thoo^t  oniieeeMary  to  exhibit  these  fiimilior  implemeatSi 


80        ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UHITED  STATES. 


Aruied  leads. 


^For  nse  mth  sonnding-Un€9,  * 


Common  "ilcep-seu  lead." 
Deop-sea-aoimdiiij^  up]iuratns. 

Cup-leads. 

Ncoop  soundin^-iuachine. 


7.   IIOOKED  INSTRUMENTS, 


,  Grasphighools, 

(Those  nscd  with  a  8ing:lo  modoo,  ibat 
hooking.) 


Single-pointed  hook«. 


Gail-hooks. 


2S495. 
2668. 
29388. 
32678. 
32C83. 
S5D35. 

25938. 

25939. 


29389. 


39094. 


Salmon-p^.afT  hook  And  stoiT.    Bradford  &  Anthony,  Do«ton,  SXi 

Gafl'-liook.     U.  8.  Fiuh  ComouMioQ. 

Halibut-gftff.    ir.  W.  Grant,  WeHflfiet,  Ma«». 

Halibut  huud'gftflr.     Oluucestcr,  MaiHi.     G-  Brown  Goode. 

Halibut  dick-gaff.  '*  ** 

Iladdock  bnritl-^^Aff'.    A.  McCnrdy,  G1oiic««t«r,  3Ia«s. 

Haddock-gaff.     il.  W.  Grant,  WcUikct,  Mass. 

Codfiuh-gatV.    W*d  iu  Gcurgu's  haiik  fishoriee.    A.  MoCurdy,  GI 

tcr,  Mawi. 
Dorj-  cod-goft     Used  to  aboio  fiahcriu.     A.  MoConly,  Oli 

Hum. 
Hoitd-gaff.    Uiu.'d  in  balibnt  flsIwrirH. .  A.  McCurdy.  Gloaostiir, 
Cotl-gaff.     M.  W.  Grnnt«  Wt-Uflovt,  Mom. 
Gaff-book.    Indiana  of  NurthwcRt  roost..  J.  G.  Swan. 
Gaff-bouk.    rroiHTty  uf  J.  U.  KiebnlH,  8>Tacuao,  N,  Y.     Coulril 

by  Forest  &.  Htn*nni  Piibliflbing  Co. 
"Pew,*'    Vtfcd  in  baudliug  Gab  ou  ^barvca  and  decks.     Ca|4.  &> 

Martui,  Glunreatvr,  Mass. 
"Pcw-gaff.''    Utwd  in  pitching  flab  from  doriea  to  vcaacla.     G1 

ti*r.  Maaa.    (•.  Brown  Gooile. 
Fittb-foric  (thrtH)  tiui-s,  uhort  bandlo).     Olooceatcr,  Mana.     G.  Bi 

Gooile.     Used  in  ydtcbiug  tiab  iu  a  dory,  or  fi^mi  Imb!  of  v«^«r|. 
HaHbul-cutter'a  book.     Ueed  by  tbv  **headur"  iu  dei'U{*itatLD£ 

bnt.     Gli>ucf»tor,  Maw.     G,  Brown  Goodc. 
Fifth  fork  (two  tinrtt).     Gloiic^'ster,  MoAa,    G.  Brown  Gomle. 
"Na(>P-bouvr'*  book.      Utt'd  in  the   preparalioa  of  IwijoVm 

Glouei'sler.  Mass.     G.  Brown  Gwdo. 


Bout-houk^. 

Arranged  vrith.  "AcccMorica  of  flahing'boata,"  B.  4d. 

Jiabbit  oud  squirrel  hooks,  used  by  IndiaDS. 

.  Sqairrol-hooka.    Pi-Ute  Indians.    Southcni  Ut*li.    J.  W.  PuvtdLj 

-Clam-hooks,  hou«,  nud  pioke  tuwd  in  gi&thoring  t^bellflidt. 


'fiee  exhibit  of  Navy  l>r]i«rtmrnt. 

•  it  i&  tboufjbt  uiuicvcaoary  to  exhibit  Ibeae  familiar  iiopIacMllta* 


AVTMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FI8I1EKXE8  OP  UNITED  STATES.        81 

rle*pointr(l  hookn. 

^  Fork«  wwd  in  liandliug  malted  aud  ilriod  tish. 

Wl»»leiiw^n'«  hooks. 
Blabbor-hook^. 

SSSISP.  BIabl»»T-ho«ik.    For  hauling  wimll  pieces  of  blnbber.     £.  B.  &  F. 

Macy.     Xon-  liedfonl,  Mu:«i«. 
aeiaa.  ]lluli1>er>book.     Alieut  Enkiujo.    Nuuivak  Islauil,  AhiBka.     W.  U. 

Dull. 

Blnbber  forkn  and  pikes. 

S561S.  Blubbi?r-pikp.     FsmI  for  tnfMJng  blnbber  into  t;ry*kntt1e.     Riimpbn-y 

S.  Kirby,  Ntiw  BtHlfDrd,  Ma«a. 
S!Un7.  BbiblMT-pikr,    Fnmt  tboHUirvrooiu  of  an'taru»Ml  whaler.    Uaiuplury 

S.  Kirby,  New  Bedford,  Most). 

Junk-lux>kt<,  oto.  ' 

Vor  tuiuUng  bMivy  pieces  of  blabber. 

jIG'SKj.  Oaff-bnok.     Pscd  to  hani  blublN?r  nrross  the  dock  from  chopper  to 

tr>-k<'itIo.     Hiuiipbn-y  8.  Kirby.  New  Ikilfiu-d,  >L'uh. 
cold.  Junk-hook.    E.  B.  &.  F.  Macy,  New  Bodfonl^  Ihuis. 

•Lance-hooks. 
iny-poiatcd  hookH. 

'Cati-hoiikK. 
'Gra|jjiliiig-iroiui. 

Lip-huuks  or  {^rapuclH,  used  liy  vrLalers. 

SSCl!*.  WlmlrrV  gTii|trii<l.    IV-d  for  towing  whale  to  ship.    E.  B,  Si  F.  Macy, 
Kt?w  Bc«lfurd,  Miuw. 

Line-books  aitcd  by  wUaIoi*8. 

a,  W  baler's  Une-hook  for  vatchiug  line,  &o.    £.  B.  Sl  P.  Macy,  Now 
bodfurd,  MiMi. 

Cbun-rakea. 

MilW.  Clom-Iuw.     Provincotowu  style.    Wiu.  TT.  UcsboU,  Provtucotowii, 

flM37.  njind-i'law.    Vmni  for  t^uthoHnf;  •'bi'ii-<"lnmH"n«d  '*B(ullop«."    Widl- 
rii-^^I,  Cap)'  Ciwl,  and  t oa^t  nf  Miiinr.     M.  W.  (Jrant,  Wi-llflt-Ht,  Mam. 

.  Clutti'iuki*  (luudi'l).     Vmni  in  i'<»lU'c-liuR  the  ftL*u-«lain  (Harlra  No/JrfiV 

•itfui)  (in  N»ntui-kot  Hht)uU.    Thvoc  olruon  nr>'  «iilt<-(l  down  unil  uwd 
tu  liaif.  fur  t^ni,  luilibtit,  Ag.    B«o  with  mtHlfl  of  Nantticket  di>ry 


iiiiwnsrtary  to  oxliibit  thi<»e  foiuillar  implcoaentA. 

Uint  flttings. • 
the  nmlioni. 


Bolt  N.  U.  No. 


82        ANUtAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  ITNXTED  BTATE&. 

ITIany-poiiitcd  hookf^. 

Hany-polDtcd  fisb-jigs. 

S9436.  Mackcrel-gaflf.    UHed  when  the  niBckerel  swim  clone  in  large  < 

M.  W.  Grant,  \Velii]uc-t,  Ma«ti. 
29441.  3tackerol-bob.    Usod  when  the  uiackorel  are  oloae  to  tbe  tmmI 

iu  large  schoola.    Wm.  H.  Uesbott,  Provincotown,  Uasa. 

Oulacbau  rakes  or  spears. 

Uacd  by  Indians  of  the  Xorthwcftt  coiwtt  iu  the  capture  of  the  oulachaa 
candlA-fieh  (Otmerut  pacijlciu). 
.  Oulochan  rake  or  comb.    Flatiioad  Indlaiu.    J.  G.  8wim. 

Squid-jigs. 

25848.  S<)uid-jig.  George  P.  Steelj  Provincetowu,  Mass. 

20714,  S<iiad-jig.  "  *' 

3&77(i.  8quid-jig.  Glouceator  stylo.    A.  B.  CrittcndfiaL«  MlddletowOf 

29443.  Squid-jig.  Over  fiiAy  yoan  old.    Lomnd  Cook,  *2d,  Provmc 

32721.  Sqaid-jig.     Capt.  R.  H.  Hurlbeit,  Glonce8t«r,  Ma«. 

32722.  Squid-jig.  '*  " 
25C!^.  Squid-Uuc  aud  jig.    Uaed  in  catching  iqiiid  for  haXU    Bradford 

Anthouy,  Button,  MaM. 
29447.  Molds  lued  in  forming  aquid-jiga.    John  B.  Faaono,  Rock|iorti  ^i 

Tit  i!!iliii{;'-rods  (u.sed  in  di'uwiug smuU  maumiala from  tlieir  biirroi 

.  Twistizig-rod.     Virginia. 

ti.  Babbed  I^iplements.    (Those  nsed  with  two  motioaa,  the  tlrst 

of  thrustiog.) 

$|iearH  with  Ii\ei1  liradft* 

Barbed  spears  (with  siugle  point). 

S5594.  Crab-Bpear,  nwd  about  Nowixirt,  R.  I.    J.  M.  K.  Sonl^wick,  5« 

port,  R.  I. 
2^95.  Floundcr-Hpoar.    J.  M.  K.  Sonthwick,  Ni»irport»  R.  I. 
.  '*Conch"  hariN>oii,     Used  by  Bahfiminna  and  fisbr-nnen  of  Key  ft* 

iu  Iho  c.ipturt3  of  largo  UMi.     Dr.  J.  \V,  Vrlio,  f 'Uicog«<,  Ul. 


Eel-spears. 


.  Eel-apeor  with  idx  prouge  for  vint«r  flahing.    Lcntby  RrailfonI  4fc 

[ihony,  lto«ioa,  Mi 
2555?.  Eol-spoor  with  t«u  prongs  fbr  winter  fiaUiug.  *' 

S&&^7.  E<d*s[>var  for  aonuner  fishing.  *' 

35jSG.  Nino  fisli-spoon.  " 

3ri2S4.  E*)l-Jiii)cjir,  wk<m1  in  mmthcni  Now  Eu;*! 
25647.  Now  Bc<lf«r(J  ccl-apcar.     H.  8.  Kirby,  ' 
2&(tOQ.  £vl-eiM!ar,  IfoNlun  iifiihini.     Uaod  un  Ca^  CuiL     i 
wick,  Newjiort,  K.  1. 


XSiUAU  R£80UBC£S  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


83 


Spears  with  fixed  bead»(. 


Abun^iutU  fUh-spc-ai-s. 


1439. 

1983. 

114-29. 

S35ia 


nr.id  of  llHb-spear.     Eskimos.     Fort  Audcraon,  Arctio  coast.     K. 

McFurlaDo. 
HeudH  of  fisb-darta.      Eukiiuos.      Mackenzie's  River  district.      R. 

Mi^Furlone, 
Head  of  lish'spear,  made  of  clk^boru.    Eskimoa.    NorttiTvest  oouMt. 

G<Mi.  Gibbs. 
n«ad  of  salmon-«}icar.     Indiana.    Fort  Crook,  Oreg.     Licat.  John 

Feimer,  U.  S.  A. 
Fish-dttrt  heads.     ludiuuH.    Columbia  River.    V,  8.  Exidoriuff  Kx- 

podilion.     Capt.  0.  Wilke*,  U.  8.  N. 
Lanc&-lu*a4l  of  bone.    Indiaus.    Now  Mexico.    Liotit.  A.  W.  Whip- 
ple, U.  S.  A- 
FisU-flpcurs.    ftitka  Indians.     Sitka.    J.  Q.  Svan. 
Salmon-spears.    FoHsaniaiinmldy  luilioos.    EoHtporf ,  Me.   E.  Pnlim-r. 
8almon-spoAr.    Eskimos.    Igloulik.    Capt.  C.  F-  Hall. 
Fish-spoar,    TflchiitRchi  Indians.    .Sonth  ravific  Kxploriug  ExinmIi- 

tloD.     Cupt.  John,  Rodders,  U.  8.  N. 
Three-prongfd  spear.    Northwest  coast.    J.  G.  Bwan. 


Aboriginal  bird  and  fish  spears. 


19CiI7.  Bird-spcftr.     Eskimos.    Greonlaud.    Geo.  Y,  Nickcreon. 

10:287.  Blrtl-sprar  n-itb  thravriag-stick.    Arctic  America.     Smithnoninn  In- 
stitution. 

10GO.  Flab-openr.     Mn^emnf.  Eskimos.    Niinirakr  Ahiska.     W.  H.  Dall. 

1135A.  Raib  or  binl  spear.    Eskimos.    Dristol  Bay,  Alosltn.    ViucontColyer. 

l6Qa&-0(MI1-9.1-a4-i)5-OO.  fiird-Bpeoni.    Eskimoe.   Nnnivok  Islands,  Alaska, 

W.  n.  DalL 
T943-7V0T.  FIhU  and  bird  speoxv.     Uiishegay  Indlunii.     AlMkft,     Smith- 
AoniftD  lustitatioo. 


im  wilh  detaoliabic  lieadi. 

lifly-iroBs. 

SSS30.  fiwoni-flsh  lily-irou.    Cftpt.  John  B.  Smith.     U.  8.  Fi«h  Commission. 
SSAIS.  Sword-tisb  dart  and  socket,  peculiar  to  New  BedfonL     A.  R.  Cril' 

tendt^n,  Middlctown,  Conn. 
aeni.  8w0nM)mlt  tU>'-in)n.    Adolpli  Voes,  Gloncerter,  Muas. 
am&  Swani-fish  lily-iron.  "  " 

flSUa  8vronliiMh-4lan.  head.     Wilcox,  Criitendon  dbCo..  Middlctown,  Conn. 
.  •*Tartlc.pog"  hoqwon.    Key  West^  Flo.    Dr.  J.  W.  Volic,  Chicago, 

III- 


10  liAr{HK>ii£  of  fitoiic,  bone,  and  iron. 

1IBB&.  Irxm  harp(K)n-head,   with  line  of  walms  hide.     Eskimos.     Bmith 

Soond.    Cupt.  C.  F.  Hall. 
lOlSO.  Hai'         '      T.  bnuHond  iron.    Eskimos.    Victoria  Harbor.    Capt. 

i 

BSI^  HAr]>'jc:jiu:;iiU  of  bono  and  Iron.    Eskimos.    Nortlieost  coast.    B.  F. 
iJaird. 


AKIMAL  RE80DHCE8  A}VD  FISHERIES  OF  tTNITED  STATES. 


8pearn  wHIi  delachable  lieadM. 

Eskimo  harixxms  of  Ht<me,  Inine,  and  iron. 


ldr«S3.  nnrpoon-licail  of  »tonc  nod  bono.     Eskimati.     OnH*iilnn<l.     0<<o<  T., 

Nii-lcfrsftn. 
10136.  Head  of  wttlrii**-harp«)n.     Enkimm.     Tf;1ooHk.    C»|»t.  C.  F.  HaO. 
104IK1,  Head  of  Heul-liuriMMin.     L«ikiiiiu».     I^l^olik.     VispU  L\  F.  IIiUl. 
1(M07,   UfniR  liariHioii-lii'iKl.     Eskimos.     King  WtUianrw  Sound.     Ca{»t.  CKj 

Hutl. 

10404.  Partof  auciont  Innnit  harpoon-bcad.    Repnlao  Biijr.    Cnpt.  CF.Ilalt^ 
10S73.  HiiTidle  of  vrhu1iu^-bnr]M)ou  miulo  of  Yionc  and  wood.      Eaki 

Grnmilimd.    SniltbADtiinii  IiiHtUnHon. 
1^19.  Handle  of  wbaliug-bivriiafiu  luodo  of  wood  nnd  lione.      Kcikiit 

Greenland.     <}vi).  Y.  Kk-kr<rwm. 
10]^.  'WlmUii^-liai-puou.     EskiuKM.    Nortbw(»tw«tft.    8niitbw»man  IiMti' 

tntiun, 
19518,  WTialiu^-bnriMKm  of  rect*tit  manofkctntp^  Trith  bradof  boiK  and 

handle  of  wood  and  iron,  nnd  flral-ekbi  lino.    Esldmos.     Orcri 

Oro,  Y.  Sirki'i'Miu. 
5^.  IlarpfMH-bcad  of  bono  nnd  Iron  witb  wnlnw-blilfi  llocu      Rf 

Port  Funlke.     Dr.  1.  I.  Hayes. 
3186.  Benl-h.iqMioii  bfwl  of  bune  and  iron.     KHkimnn.     Audpnuun  RiT<v,j 

R.  McFarlauo. 
13140.  \VuIntA-bniiM>nii  Ut-iMl  of  Umv  nnd  iron,  bide  Uue.     Innalt 

Gn*fuluud.     S.  F.  Bninl. 
19376.  Bonp  barponn-bend  with. bido  line.     RAkimon.     Alaska.     Bev.  Ji 

Curley. 
11618.  8(!fll-bari)oan  bend  of  bcrae.     EakinKM.     NunivBk  Ulsntlii,  Al 

W.  H.  Dnll. 
15631.  Miuiatiirt*  iiifulel  of  Meal 'harpoon.    EHkiinnc     AlA*<kA.     TT.  \V.  E11So4<. 

167P.  ^fiiiiiitiin'' mmb'l  of  M>aI-harponu.     Enklnion.     Abmku.     \V    T 
lBl2l>-iJl-an-25.  .VH«-70ai.  Real-baq»oon  htmU  of  Umc  and  iron.     ! 

Niiiiivuk  iNlaiidn,  Abit^ka.     W.  H.  T>n11. 
lf)61».  Hari»><»n-l»t.-ati  of  Ik>uc.     EskiuKw.     Alii»ka.    H.  W,  Klliott. 
SG74.  Boal'hnqjoan  beadHof  iKinf.     AndmonRircTKiiklmoH.     Fort  Ai 

m>u.     II.  JIt'Farlanc, 
201«. 2350, 2817,  :fi>7'i..^-'ir..74*i'J, 7440.  f|ii'a!-bHrp«><»ii  bnwls  of  Wtii».  and  \ttm; 

Aiidi*n*oti  River Eskiinns.   Ma^-kt'iiyii-'siRivrrdiwIrict.   K.\fr_Fiixla3ir' 
.  Indian  liarii«o»«"f  ftht-ll  atitliron.    WludinK-ltaqwon,  niKsl  hy 

Indiaua  of  VaucoiivcKs  Island  nnd  vicinit.v, 
4131.  FoiirmiMluUof  wlmlin^-bnr]>tHrn'»,lim<«  and  tltronl*.    Makali  Indiaai 

Neub  Hay,  Wiwb.     J.  *5.  Swan. 
1669.  Huad  of  wbaUu^-liuri^oon,  witb  lino.    Uakah  ludiuu.     C^e 

tery,  Wasb.     (ico.  Suckley. 

T1iii%  hnrjioon-boad  L«  niade  IVom  tba  iibell  ot  a  \arsyt  tftncU:^ 
Mj/tilun,  and  lllntirratcfi  thciuotbotUof  uiannf.i' 
IiubatiH  uf  tliu  N<irllnv4'?*t  votmt  ]irrvuiiu  lo  t^ 
mciul  iiy  tbi>  wbiti*  man, 

Hoadof  wb;i1iug'banH*ou»udUnc.    Maknb  tiidiiuiA.   tslUuk, 

J.  (!,  Swan. 

TUia  banwH)a-liond  in  constmcted  nf  i-Ticrt-Imn  and  «1i»*m  tJi 
nH-iliod  nuw  i-niployi-d  In  IIhmi  -ttpucuL 

ro|H>  and  covt-rs  an'  mndi'  tVom     >  !j*pm*%utL. 

Htuid  of  wbalin^-harp^xin  wlib  Uuc.     MakaU  tiMUwuk     Xnah  V^y. 


\v  ,.i, 


-I    r;.  Kiv(i> 


AWIMAL  8£fl0tTRCKS  AND  FISnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


85 


'nr%  with  drtartiabfli*  head*$* 

Jvikimo  buri>ooiiH  of  Htone,  bone,  and  iron. 


Makub  IiKliuns. 


Neah  Buy, 


l4fK  HKod  at  wlinling-lu^rfKioii  witli  liuf^. 
Wtwh.  Tit.    J.  G.  riwan. 
9fK7S-20'i!^.  HaiKlU'^  of  whiiling-hnrixKitiK     Miikah  Judians.    J.  O.  Swnn. 
tSfA).  HarpooiMlnrtM.     K»lt.iiiiiiH.     Ala^ku.    Nnrtli  I'ucific  Expkin'ug  £x|k'> 
(lition.     I'ajtt.  John  H(Mlfi|ri>rK. 
]At75.  Ilar)HKMMliirl.     Kotzcbuc  i^nud.     W.  H.  Dnll, 
£07^-f^7-lM»i».  Harpi>on-tljirl*u     Sitka.  Altwka.     W.  H.  Howonl,  U.  8.  K.  M. 

Haipooospea  r8. 

G5GI.  Hftt*!  nf  barbed  ftiib-dart,  made  of  native  copper.    Kskiino8.    .^itku, 

Alaakn.     Dr.  T.  T.  Minor. 
90tO.  Hifftd  of  Iwi'ImuI  fmb-dnrt,  made,  of  nntivc  coppor.     Aloaka.    LieiU. 
F.  W.  Hins,  U.  S.  N. 
90053.  Ilettd  of  burlwid  llsb-dnrt  of  native  copper  vitli  lino  of  twuted  Kiiic>n'. 

AliwkB.     guiithAoniiiii  InMitiitiou. 
21I1X  FlKb-tipoju'  witb  (letaoUiiblr  biirb.      Hoocbiinti   IiidintiR.     $i>ntb  Kfl 
liivcr, <'aUl<iratn.     Stcpbeii  Powt^rs. 

Dt>ul)b*-prtiriK4'd  ftpfar.-*  witli  dftAchabh^  heads.      MoC'lond  Rimt 
liidtaith,  ShiiKtu  Co.,  C'.il.     LivinKKtim  Stone.     Tht'iw  Hpoun*  uns 
u«rd  in  tUu  eajiture  »i'  tbo  -Salmo  ijuiHtiat.    The  baudlei^  an*  thirty 
fiHTt  in  If'iigtb.     The  barbs  are  u)adufit>ni  (bi^HpUiitlHMieHuf  drt  r, 
So©  No.  UU4:i,  iH'lnw. 
1SMH&  Finh-apear  with  di'ttioliablo  barbs.    Cooymia  l*i-Ute  Indiana.     Pyra- 
mid Lake,  Ncva<la.     Stcphm  Po^vrn*. 
SSSitt.  Twivpr»n^cd  sprar  wllb  di^taebabh'  barh;^.     ludiaiiA  of  NortbwrAt 

coMt    J.  G.  Swan. 
S6B96.  Tlaoillr  uf  n[H-ar  nituihir  tn  2.Ti22,  but  hin^i'r.     J.  11.  Swan. 
SSSOO.  Spi'ttr  vritb  many-liaibiMl  detacbabb>  lK<ud  and  k<dp  line.     Indiau-H  of 

XorlbWMt  ctiaat.    J.  <J.  tf^ran. 
IICIS.  PointJi  for  suIuion-Npi^ar  mudo  of  the  apliut  bones  of  tbc  deer.     Mc- 
Cloiid  Uivtr  Iniliau-s.    8ba«ta  Co.,  Cal.     Liviugstun  Stone. 
6&0l   HariKMin-nrrowH  with  iron  tipti.      ludinuK.      Cape   Fhillery^  Woali. 
Tiir,     (h<n.  GibbA. 
9UUS.  Wtrftdfn   l>arlis  for  ftflb-ban>ooii.      ludiaus.      Hoopah  T&Uoy,  Cal. 


8t«'pb»'n  Powen*. 
I|pn4l  of  ll(i|i-buquioiu     Eskiume. 
UartHHindart  with  bladder- llout. 

T.  T.  Minor. 


Andvnfou  Hiver.     R.  McFarbnn*. 
Naabi'ga)'  Indiana.    Alaaka.     I>i-. 


9.  Tongs,  &o, 
\  For  h<ind-HHe. 
'onff«  Tv^iih  two  lmiu]U'.s). 

Uystur-iongH  and  oywUT-rjikes. 

V"  '  H.  ftnliHbni'y,  Pmvidrnce,  R.  I. 


Wlbi>\,  Criltendiii  A  ('o.,  MidiUetown,  Conn. 
i<.  f<alii!*buri. ,  i'ruvidcnve,  K.  I. 


ti  For  u»e  mth  sounding-Unes, 
^^  ClamniB ''  for  deep-sea  soundings  (fofeeps  closed  b3'  a  weight).^ 

(Ross'  "deep-sea  clamras.'') 
(liuU-dog  soundinginuchiue.) 

10.  Nooses. 


Jerk-Huarefi. 

Bird-snares. 

Fisb-suores  of  wire,  giit,  hair,  &c. 


tt  Thrown  nooses. 


Lariats  and  lassos. 


11044. 
1912. 


COTtO. 
7492. 

11206. 

7317. 

90:14. 
G922. 


Apac*ho  ludians.     G«?n<?rnl  M.  C.  lloig!^  tJ.  8.  A. 

tiionx  Indiana.    NebraslcA.    Dr.  8.  31.  Hi>Tto«k,  U.  S. . 

Sioux  Indious.     Uxipvr  ftUsaouri  River,     Llnak 

Comanche  Indiana.    Tort  Cobb.  Ind.  T.    E.  ralnvi 
Couaaclic  Indiuu.     LUoo  Estacado,  Tvxas. 

Aparlio  Indians.    E.  Palnior. 
Muckcuzic  River  Indian*. 


Lariat  of  hide. 
Lariat  of  hide. 
Lariat  of  hide. 

K.  ■Warren. 
Lariat  of  hide. 
Lariat  of  hide. 

Palmer. 
Lariat  of  hide. 
Loriut  of  ujooeo-flkiii 

McFarlano. 
Lariat  of  rope.    Fl-Ut«  Indiaiu.    Soathenx  Utalu    UoJ.J.W. 
Lariat  of  buHulo-buir.     Apache  Indiana.     E.  Palmer. 

Apacho  ludiauii.     Mi^.  W.  H.  Mitk^  V.  9 
Nez  P<>raS  Iiitbiuw.     Idaho.     Dr.  F 
Cumancho  ludiaui.     Fort  Cobb, 


Lariat  of  budalo-hair. 
lariat  of  boifnlo-hair. 
Lariat  of  bnffalo-hair. 
E.  Palmer. 


11.  Loaded  lu(E&    (Bolas.) 
Bird-slings  (nsed  by  Eskimos). 

1«)&07.  Itirdhliitg.  Gnvonlujid.    J.  IT.  Ctarlc.    StnithmtuOn  Inalilulina. 

9631.  Bird-ftliug.  Grcculund.    8.  F,  aUtd. 

7414.  itird-sliug.  McKoiuiu'fl  River.    Fori  Audcxvon,  O.  B.  T.    K.  McFi 

Inuc. 

1>831.  Bird-MiDR.  GxucolssuL     6.  F.  Boird. 
7o3;.  Bird-«U«K  '      '         '     '        n,  H.  U.  T.    a  U.  Ruml 


tdul  bes0urce8  and  fisheries  of  nnited  states.      87 
12.  Tangles, 

The  tAti(;Ie»  are  rniplnynl  by  natnralUits  for  the  purpooc  of  gathering  siuull 

■  uiuU.  BUch  iw  tKiii-iiri-liiiirt  und  srai-imlit^  Uiiui  ihc  iHiitom  ul-  coti- 

ilcpth*.     Tlii^y  ftdhfrn  to  ihc  iilM.'rs  of  the  gpun-yam  lu  great  umn- 

Ikcxb.     1&  hn8  iH-i-n  thought  that  tliis  instTument  might  advantageously  Ih» 

emploTod  Ed  froeiug  uystcr*h«d«  inua  ibclr  worst  ouciuitfji,  tlio  Htar-finh. 

966M.  Bwab-tangle.    U.  a  FUh  Commission. 
{Dn^getoDgles,  used  by  English  collectors.) 

[arrow  -tangles, 

Harrow-tonglca 

9084&.  Models  of  hnnow-langlea.    V.  8.  Fish  Cotomimion.    Formerly  ii80<l 
by  ilio  Fiab  Cununiaffiou,  uow  roplucod  by  iho  wlteel-tauglea. 

HThrrl-tanicleff. 

Whcel-tuiigles. 

38&IG.  Model  of  wfaed-t^uglc.     U.  S.  Fi»h  Commission. 
aC$48.  Whfci-tauKh-a.     U.  8.  Fiah  Commiaaion. 


III.  MISSILES. 

^Simple  mU^iles  {those propelled  by  the  -unaided arm). 

13.  HlTlLED  WKIGHTS. 

^lonCM  nnd  diskti  (thrown  by  the  hand). 

^'ei^htii  (dropped  tvom  an  clcTiition,  deadfalls,  not  automatic). 

L  14  Hurled  sticks, 

Ulralshi  atick^. 

I        CInhs  n.*^  sxei  mif^tk-.s. 

Turned  Mtickn. 

TUrow-4tirlc8,  UBod  by  the  Moqui  Indiana  of  New  Mesioo  in  hunting 
robbittc 

9&43-C  Tlimw-stlrk*.    Hjird  in  rnbhH-htintlngbyMoqni  Indians.    Now  Mex- 
ico.    Dr.  Edward  Tuluipr. 


animal  resources  and  f18ueries  op  ckitkd  statbd. 
16.  Hurled  bpears. 
DartN  mid  lances. 

8e€>  nt»l(*r  "Lauvm  outl  sp<^ar8,"  nltove  cniiiurrAt4Ml,  uuuiy  of  which  may 
nsiMl  ua  luiwilDB. 

^^Centrifugal  nihsiks,    (PritpeUhif  power  augmenU:d  by  an  artificial 
create  of  the  length  of  the  «n»,) 

16.  Slings  a^d  spears  thrown  by  straps. 

^Unips. 

U532.  Sliuf^.     Narnjn  ludiana.    Smithsoniaa  InHtitatioo, 
\T£SA.  Sling.     Xudiuua.  ''  ** 

Spears  (with  straps), 

17.  Missiles  propelled  by  "throwing-sticks." 

8pearH  (^vltli  tUrowiug-sticks,  used  l>y  Eskimos). 

Sep  alKivc  nn^ler  **Birtl  aiul  fish  e|>wire/*  iMHiii-iiliu'Iy  No.  ICW07,  ft  ■|tr«r  wi 
thruwing-stiuk  attached. 

7899.  Tlirawing-atick.     Eskimos.     Alention  IslamU.     Dr.  T.  T.  Mil 

7U^t.  Thruwing-tttii'k.     Kskliuos.     Kt-xltEik.  ' 

10076.  TUrowiug-stiuk.     Eskimtw.     I'lialiwhka.     W.  II.  r>all. 

253;}.  Tlmjwing-«ti(>k.     Eftkimim.     Alnnka.    North  Pnoiflo  Explorlux 

pcfUtion.    Capt.  John  Kotlgcrs. 
11346-17.  Tlirtiwinp-sticka,     Yukon  Rivrr,  Alanka.    Ylnccut  Colyex. 
15643.  1642-1()'243.  Thruwiuj^-iftickM.     EHkiiuoa.    Nnuirok  lahuulii.     W. 
Dull. 

9367.  Thruwing-stick.     EHkinKw.    SruithHonlun  Iimtlfntinti. 

5774.  Throwiuif-stick.     Kskiimw.     Silka.     W.  A.  llonunl,  V,  8.  R.  M. 
20771.  Throw iug-fitick.     Eskimn*.    Sitka.    J.  G.  fiwau. 

, ^^Mmihs  propelled  by  a  epring, — {Spriufj  comi«ting  of  bent  rod,] 

18.   I^OWS  AND  ARROWS. 


Bows. 

Simple  bows. 

(Cross-bows.) 

(UalbstJia.) 

ThcM  artlolpH  «r«»  arrangiHl  with  the  Ethuolt*' 
rovrsj  with  tho  cxccptiun  of  a  few  furaiH  pec  i  . 

Arrows. 

IIiiuting-arrowK. 

11350-54.  Bird-arrows.    EHkimna.    Briiitol  Bay,  Aloahtu    Vlnr«ntC» 
in-lliMl-12.  nird-amma.     Enkimofi.     Nuulvok  laLuuK  Altudu. 
Doll. 


EESOURCE8  AND  FI8HEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


89 


Lrrow*. 

Ilautin^-arrowH. 

8B27-9t<-vm30.  Bir(l-urn>W8.    Eskituos.    Alaska  f    SmilhHonian  Institutiou. 
b09L  liinlttrruw»,     Viikon  River,  Alnitku.    W.  H.  DuU- 
l^lfikC  Hiiiitiii;{-urruwH.     KmliiLk  Iu«Unii8.     Aliuika.     W.  H.  Dull. 
16413-14-15.  HuitUii^-umtwii  with  Iii'imIh  t)f  tK>ut*  uiul  irou.    Kukluioe.     Xu- 
nivnk  Ishiixlfl,  .Vlorikn.     \V.  H.  Dull. 

.  IlaiiTiiig-orrowM   wiih   bone   bcudii.      EBkiuitM.      Nunivak   Ittlntxbs 

Alufiku.     >'iiiccut  Colyor. 

i-atT0W8,  iiseU  in  tisUiiig. 

1134^-C3.  Borpoon-arrowH.      KHkiiutw.      Biiittol    Bny,  Alaakn.      Viiioviit 

Colyer, 
15677-156&l-><3.  norpooQ-arrovs.    Eakttnoa.    Nouivak  Islands^  Aliutko.    \V. 

H.  DoU. 
1KI79.  Har]i)H>u-armir.    ENkimcm.    Aliwka.     Hrv.  J.  Ciirlry. 
^UQMi-d.  HAT|Kion-aiTciwN.    EHkimos.    NuiJuigny  ludituiB.    Dr.  T.  T.  Miuor. 

^r»orie«  ofboww  and  arrows. 

Arrow-hra«l  ponche«.* 

kptcmenlM  of  nianiillirliire. 

PltiitrcUipping  »I>[»anitUR.* 
.^*■      '    hI  HlmrpeiioTs.* 

<  tini-twUtiiiy;  Hpimnitiis.* 

**lmft-iH»Hj*herH.* 

*j|"'  Mil  kH,  uBecl  in  fastening  head  of  mtott.* 

AnnD(p[il  with  tlio  Etbiiologival  M'lieH. 

i\  Spring  comUilntj  of  daativ  cord, 

19.   I>*DIA-Rin)DER  BUNGS. 

^ft*«hooteni  (iiwd  In  killing  birtU). 

I}}  Spring  cojufijithig  of  metaUtc  IteUx, 
-_.  20,  SPttlNG-aUNS. 

»•••  MtAMileH  propelled  by  the  eomprcnitioH  of  air  or  icater, 

21.  AlBQUNS. 

*'*"«nii»  (rni*«iilc  pi-opi.-UvHl  by  the  breath). 


r,:, 


balU. 


90        ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

PiNton  air-^iins. 
Reservoir  air-guns* 

Air-gons. 

S9j35.  IWdfurd  Eutckii  alr-pialol,  willi  dAtU,  aliigv,  &bdgtm-i<«t,    (1*^1 
Dec.  21, 187A.)    Eureka  MunuCocturiiig  CompKtiy,  Bostoti,  Mi 


Air-gun  canes. 

8>  ring^e-gruns. 

llumiuing-bird  guns. 


22.  Watek-guns- 


•••• 


Fire-artns, 


23.  Guns  and  pisxols, 
IVIiiKzle-londing'  arms. 

2ffni.  riiut-lock  j^oD  (flioglo  bairel)  old  fitahion.    Bmitbftonlan  Ii 
809.  Single-harrei  ahol  (f)  pin. 

(jiven  by  Lord  Mclvillo  to  Sir  Jolin  Franklin,  vrlio  nsc*!  if  tn 

unfortunuto  oxpoditions  in  IftW,  Id'Jl,  and  l*l?iJ,  thva  gli 

Sir  John  to  liis  interpreter,  St.  G«nnaiu,  who  sold  it  to 

Factor  Smith,  of  the  HndAon  Bay  Co.,  vrho  gnre  ii  to  his 

luw,  Cbiof  Factor  McPherson,  from  whom  it  vim  obUUatd 

R.  Ross,  of  tho  Hudaou  B»y  Co. 

Breech-loadiug:  arms. 

25894.  Six-nhootiog  shot-giui.    Coifs  Firo-Anns  ManttfACtaiin^ 

Hartfnrd,  Conn. 
258^.  Double-barreled  breoch-loadiug  fbwUiig*pieofi.      £ 

Sons,  lUon,  N.  Y. 
80247.  Douhlc-barrelM  breech -loading  fnwling-piocc.     Damasoaa 

giingo.    Parker  Bro<i.,  Meriden,  Conn. 
9&SS0.  Single-barreled  breech-loading  sliotrgun.     (PaUiitM  M»y  S0v 

PhcDuix  colibru  12.)    Whitney  Arms  Company,  Whitney  rUlc, 
tGfffi.  Bi'eeeh-loading  gun.    Clark  &,  Sneider,  Baltimore,  MtL 
26573.  Broeoh-Ioading  gun.  "  " 

2&S33.  The  Sneidor  patent  double-barrel  breech-loading  ahot-gnn. 

Snoider,  Baltimore,  Md. 
S9S34.  The  Sneider  donbhvliarrol  broech-loading  sboi-gun;  *>)> 

(PiUonttd  Dec.  22,  18G8;  April  7,  1874.)    Clark  A  Si' 

95806.  Crocdiuoor  riflo.    E.  RemiJigton  &  Sona,  Ilion,  N.  Y 
.  Mid-range  rifle.    Peabody  «t  Murtiri  palti-ru  (44  vul..  |tK'  fir* ^ 

by  Providence  Tool  Co.    Sobuylor,  Waltlium  JcUtaUui:;   N-  «  V 
25d90.  Sporting-rifle.      KiugV   iinprovrniont.      (PatonUfl  Bia: 

October  IC,  1660.    Model,  1373,    CaUbr«  .W.)    Wlocbi-;-.,.- 

ing  Arms.  New  Haven,  Conn. 

«K»a.  8hariK''a  lifle.     (Patented  April  1,  1B8C)     M '•- ^. 

S9969-;iLI.  Maynard'H  rifle  with  appon-enancea.  -mUr 

sight.     Front  wiod-gaug*'  >■;   '  . 

calibre.)    Ma98uchn»t^tt<*i  An:i 


AKIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISQERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


91 


rrh-loadini^  arms. 


ssew. 


Shot-barrel  for  Haytuud's  rifle ;  3*2  luchcA,  .G4  culilirc.    Ma«ucliii4ctt9 

Arms  Company,  Chioopeo  Fnlln,  Mow. 
8ix-»hiH>titig  rifle;  44'iiirh  calibre.    Colt's  Ftrc-Amu  Mauufavtiirlug 

Cmupttuy,  Uortlbnl.  Coun. 
Cnrbiuc.     King's  improvement.    (Pntented  March  99,  18BC;  Octolirr 

16,    1800.      MtMlel  11^3.      Calibro   .44.)      WLncboHicr    KciK'ntiug 

Amu,  Now  Havpn,  Conn. 
Bircrb-loiiiiing  sporting- rifle.     (Patented  Orto]>er  17,  I8ti6.     Helsttned 

June-25,  lf^2;  Dec.^1,  lrlf>5.     Reiwue*!  Oct.  1,  lR(i7;   May  16,  l^uO; 

Jnly  IC,  1CT2.)     Whitney  Amu  Compjuiy,  Whitneyville,  Conn, 
Bmch'touding  Bporting-riilc.     Fbccuix  ctdibre,  44.    Whitney  Anii» 

Company,  WbitueyviUCj  Coun. 
Six^faootin^  revolver.     4.5  ealibre.     (Patentwl  Sept.  19,  187! ;  Jnly  2, 

1S73, )    Colt's  Fire-ArmB  Manufacturing  Company,  Hartford,  Coun. 


•■Hi^Si  C,  C.  Brand's  improved  whalinp-gnn.  Patent-ed  June  SS,  186S.  For 
ii*u  with  C,  C.  Brand's  imptovwl  bomb-Ionce.  24a?7.  Powdpr-fltwk 
with  charger.  241*?^.  Wad-cntter.  24989.  Wad^utter  (imtide). 
'M\m.  Prepur<>d  wads.  34990, '24991.  Surcw-drivew.  C.C.  Brand, 
Nonvir-U,Ci"nn. 

M909-07.  C.  C.  Brand's  improTcd  bomb-lance.  Patented  June  2*2, 18r>9.  For 
nso  with  C.  C.  Brand'ti  imptfived  whobng-gtin.  34UOT.  Exnlodeil 
l»uc«.  S^t906>.  I>ance-book  (for  drawing  cbiLrge).  C.  C  Branil, 
Norwich,  Conn. 
E.  Pierce's  horpoon-gun.  Patented  1865.  V.  8.  Fish  Commission. 
Cunningham  &  Hogan's  breech -loading  liomb-gan,  with  explusivo 
lauces.    William  Lewis,  New  Bedford,  Maa*. 


24.  (AcciBfiSOBT.)    Amjotnition  and  its  pkepauation, 

Gunpowdrr. 
Guo-cotUm. 
PercoMnoii  (Miwder: 

Caps. 

KeetUe  percossion. 

Primem. 
Wood  powder. 
BvtiAmUiv  or  gUuit-powder. 
y»  Hnt% 

P 

Li'  'Ui. 

Oolonia  powder. 
Other  fixplmiTcs. 

Vm  olHrbms  naaanH  tht«  scries  cotild  not  be  exhibited. 


92        ANIHAIi  RES0UBCE8  AND  FISHEBIE8  OF  UNIXED  STATES. 

inissiles. 

Bullets. 

(Accessory.)    Bullet-molds. 


29300.  Pair  of  molds  for  conical  and  cylindrical  bnlleta.     Moasaclinartto 
ArniB  Company,  Cbicopoe  Falls,  Maae. 


Shot. 

.  Series  of  samples  of  shot,  sizes  &om  Ko.  000  to  No.  IS.     Thomai 

Sparks,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Explosive  bullets,  shells,  &c. : 
Bomb-lance. 

11  adding'. 

Bulk  wadding. 
I*rei)ared  wads. 
(Accessory.)    Wad-cutters. 

The  articles  of  this  class  may  be  seen  in  connection  with  the  ommnnitioii 
series. 

Ammunition-measures. 

Measures. 

Hhot-iiieasnres.       i 

J'owder-in,.a.suies.  ]  Attuche.l  to  pouches  and  separate. 


1(5190.  Powdcr-rhargor.    Xunivak  InlandH,  Alaska.    AV.  H.  Pall. 
'Mr^J.  Gini-(]iar<jor.    Indiniisof  Xoi-thwest  coaijt.    Captain  'Wilkt'!*,  V.  i?.  X. 
U.  t<.  KxpIoriiigKxpcditiou. 

AVcijjliiuf?  scales. 

Prepared  ammunition. 

Ballj  sliot,  and  wire  cartridges. 

25891.  Card  of   riiii-tin?   caitridj^cs.      Wiiulicatcr    Repeating  AnnH,   Xrw 

Haven.  Conn. 
293114.  Ten  iiirtallir  <artri«l;^t'-sliell«.  .4,  for  rilk-.     MasMU-hus«rtts  Arms C«ini< 

l>any,  Chicopcc  I-'alls,  MaHs. 
293f>,'i.  Ti-n  iiu't<'Iltc  (■aitiiil^c-shcllM,  .(>4,  for Hliot-gims.    M:u«achuaetts  AniM 

Coini)any.  Chifoju-c  Falls,  Muhs.  • 

.HethoeN  of  preparing  cartridg'es. 

Loaders,  cnm]>ers,  and  cai>])ers. 

293U:t.  Mi'tallii-  luudor  for  rillc-cartridge.    MnM^hinntti  An 
Chicopce  Falls,  Mass. 


AKTVAL  REB0CKCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.        93 

JlrtbocI*!  of  preparing^  onriri(lg;c!9. 

I  SraoS.  BoAcwoDd  Iniulir  for  (*bot*<?tirtri>l^o.    ^riuuMii-liiiscttH  Aniiit  Coutpany, 

Cbirojwi-  l-'ullfi,  MiiHH. 
89900.  Two  roMwriod  lau4liiig*LlcM:kit.    MawAcliutwtUAiiuii  CouipUQ>%  CIUl- 

opf»  FaJJn,  M:ua. 
9BBID.  CarthiL^c-Uioiliiig  luikcliutr.    E.  Rtaubigtxnk  A  Sniu*,  Ilioiif  K.  Y. 
SUQOn.  CAnriil^<MUiiix»'r.    MoiMachiiaetu  Amm  C'ouiiituiy,  Chicapeo  I'iiIIm, 


^ 


OCOSSSOlcnCH  or  I.0AX)INC4,  cleaning,  and  RBPAmiNOf  STGHTING, 
AND   TESTING  KXBK-AUH8. 


Ittalrtimrntoft  for  cDcanin^,  londingr,  A.c» 

Hutu  uicm. 

r>mrg(Mlr»wer« — "womiK'' — ^nd  otlier  loading  tools. 
TImuw  nitty  Iw  mmi  littacliiMl  Ui  the  vnrioua  wmpperH. 

80907.  Wn^nch  adiI  cop-picker.     HuMacliuevtU  Arniv  Coinpauy^  Cbicopre 

Fa  IK  Mfibd. 
t9QU.  Boil  ni)«l  tip  f<ir  cloth,  plain.     MaMachi»iott«  Arnw  Company,  Cbicii- 

poi>  KfktU,  M;UiM. 
tPSSU.  Joiiifcil  roti  MUil  bntdh.     MnsHncbuiiPtts  Anns  Cimipiinyf   ChtcoiMn* 

l-'»ll.'»,    MlM». 

flB300L  Bcrrtv-ilriver.     MnwatbiiKettn  Knott  Company,  ChicapM"  Falls,  Mjinti. 
7SS&.  Gun^cn*wiliivrr.     A]>iicbt>  hnliauH.     Arixouii.     K.  Fnlnirr. 
9GQ06.  Lo«*linK-tool».     |*r(»p«'i-ty  of  .1.  A.  Nicbolf*.  Synuutu*,  N.  Y.     Cttu- 

iTibntcil  by  Forrst  &  8tTciuii  riiblitibin^  Company. 
SQEOK^  Clo«*r,     Propprly  of  J.  A.  Nii-boU,  SvrooUBts  N.  Y.    Contrftmtoil  by 

FniTHit  &  Stn'tiui  Fubliubing  Coiitp»ny. 
998^1.  OlI-lH^ltlo,  iiiiki'l  (No.  I).    Etlwiii  W.  Jiulgo,  Vrrw  Ilnvon,  Conu. 
«WSS.  on-lH.ftb",  iii.'kol  (N».  2).  '*  " 

OiN  uu.     IVi^ptriy  of  J,  A.  Nicliols,  Syracuap,  N.  Y.    CorrtribuU'd  by 

Furvtfi  &  iiilreHm  Publitibiug  Conipatiy. 


MehtM, 

Ac. 

m     Mnx]*Jf--?»i{;ht«. 

■  "" 

-. 

M'- 

!.U. 

■  '' 

■-.< 

■  ip 

Jit.s. 

■  i-i 

'itA, 

■  c 

:;'Kif{ht«. 

■  '^ 

IH. 

■  < 

I'd  lo  puiiM. 

■*>  lir  MMi  ■tlailhMl  to  lUe  gfini* 


til        ANIUAL  RESOURCES  AND  FIBHEBIXS  OF  UNITED  flTATBS. 

llocoil«rherk»« 

^t7t.V.  Williiua  D.  Hillei's  patent  leeoil-eheok  for  ahot-gnni  and  lili^ 
K  Fuvaiwd  2»oT.  %  1S75,  Ko.  S8.)    A.  J.  Koimui,  New  Yotfc. 
Ai  t'tnux  ta^xs  daizncd  for  thla  UTKngemeiit  mie  that  it  xepdt  tal 

omuralizcs  the  recoil,  pmnito  Btcadier  aim,  and  Inauiee  iacnMci 

ran^B  and  gRotcr  penetmtton. 

itf.  Fob  cazbtzxg abkb  aitoaioiuiiition. 


\*0i.  ''k>«ti«r-Uan>.    Sioax  Iiuliatia.    Upper  Minonri  River.    I^nt6.K 

'•Vjjrxvu.  U.  &  A. 
-  i>f.  *.*ik«»twc^Itiini.    Comiuichc  Indians.    General  D.  N.  Conchy  U.S.  A. 
'iwH*^.  !*owuvr-Iiuni.    ^itka,  Alaska.    W.  H.  Dall. 

'tHA<  '.ti««u!c^lMcu^yMi  pouch.    (Cont^nixigbiiUeta,gan-flinta,  andazmw- 
'*utui».'    ^^iiMUL  Imliiuis.     t'pper  Missouri  River.     Lient.  G.  E. 
\\;u,-fvu,  U.  S.  A. 
v^«.  'V»iU.-i>:iuni.    Papago  and  Apache  Indians.    £.  Polmer. 
MvJ-^.  -.'uvkuci'-IkuRi  joti  puuch.    Yankton  Sioox.    Dakota.    Army  Uedkal 

Huscum.     Vt,  J.  T.  Boa^ht«r. 
JWtHfc  0:ui-n*iit^:wx.    Ptoperty  oi  J.  A.  Nichols,  Syraense,  N.  T.    Coo- 
tiibuii^  l>v  FocvttC  Jc  Sttvam  Pnblishing  Company. 

;.     Pwptrrry  of  J.  A-  Xichols,  Syracaae,  N.  Y.    C'm- 
V  'c»,*«  «1  Siwam  Publisliing  Company. 
AV'*'.t''«'  Imlinns.    Miyor  ^lills,  U.  S.  A. 
Aluut  I'skimos.    Ouualaahka.    W.  H.  Dall. 
M:igemut  EtikimoB.    Xuuivak  Islands,  Alaska.    W. 

Alaska.    Dr.  A.  H.  Ilrtff,  U.  8.  A. 

rorterre  IiKliaiii*.    Dr.  J.  T.  Rothrock,  V.  S.  A. 

Kodiuk  E»kimuH.     Clurikoff.    W.  H.  Dall. 

Mi4>i  :iimI  bullet  holders. 

I  't>l|t  tu'.-t. 

>»ri..t  |n>mli.     Found  in  old  liouso,  Saint  Regis,  N.  Y.    R.  B.  Hongli. 
.ii.,  :    -.(...t  |«.iuh.     Indian!*  of  the  Xortliwcst  coast.    Fort  Simpson,  B.  L". 
I   I.,  sw.m. 
h.n     »:.:'.  .  |..-ii,  h.     N;iv;Oo  Indians.    E.  Faliucr. 

1 1.,. ,     \-„,'t.  1  I li.     Nii\;Oo  Indians.     Northweatom  Xcw  Mexico.     V;a- 

.    >.•  i  oNii 
.,•    I,,"  ,  ,...,  ii     in.li.insot*rpi»orMissimri.    War  Department,  f. :?.. I. 

.,.<.     ,...,.)(  iiid  U-lt.     I  Ma waro  Indians.    Arizona.    E.  Palm«?r. 

.,  ■    I,  ,i;  .  ,. ....  ti  tiid  t'tli.     Indians  of  Miiuwtiri  Valley.    War  IVpan- 

.,  I       :    \ 

...      I..X   .  ,.  ...  i> -umI  ii'lf.     .1.  Vanlcn. 
HHttt,'    i..i»t. .»      rioi.rii\  lii  .1.  A.  Nichols.  Syracose.  y.  Y.    Contxiboied 

I.,  t I  A  :'.ii.-,iiii  I'lildishing  Company. 

|(M.    I.  .>i  .  ,.  ..i  h  .ukI  ItII.     ludinu. 


»;»'A 

..■'UtiKi*.;«-d:toJ 

■ mi  '.". 

'  '!   >. 

"I'wili  t-.i;isk. 

■I    s*. 

"I'lt  .!<  i-.tj>k. 

■i  :■:'. 

•'.•mi.  i-.t.b>k. 

•I.  Va'.'.. 

'•ilH'. 

I'n\\dt.-t'-tla«ik. 

•  :  ^i. 

Vov\d»,-t-J;i*fc. 

,-_•;»•_• 

l*i>«ii«.i-li;u*k. 

96 


ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  Or  UNITED  8TAT^ 


Tackle  Tor  8url^ce-flsliin§:. 

Trolling-tackle: 
TruUiug-taukle. 
■VVniifliiig-taokle, 
Drailiiig-tatikle. 
Oiuigs  of  hooks  for  minnow-bait. 

Tlu-*  parte  of  these  gcoEH  may  be  seen  iu  tluur  prO}*cr  plaoM,  with 
hues,  Stc. 

JI6683.  Htnnow-fraii};.     Property  of  J.  A.  Nivbols,  Kymcuse,  N.  Y. 
tribatod  by  Forvet  aud  Strvam  Publishuij^  Compauj. 

Surf-tackle  for  throwing  and  hauliug. 
Striiwd-bass  ta<;kk'.. 
BedHHh  or  Imiss  tackle. 
Bine  tlsh  t,aokl<?. 
Tidedrailinj^  tackle. 
Pasque  and  Cutt^'hunk  bass-tackle. 

S48O6-0.  Blac-fbh  Uno.    Rigged  with  oel-flkin  squids.     J.  M.  K.  Bonth^ 

Newport,  R,  L 
34602-7.  Blti»-&ih  liiu«.    Rigged  with  cloth  9qtiJd.     BU»vk  IiilAad.     J.  U. 

Suuthwick,  Newport,  R.  I. 

7ckle  for  fltKiiin^  below  the  sarl^ce. 

Short  band-gear. 

35664.  Mackerol-Uiif-'S  and  rloftt«.     Bradford  &.  Anthony,  UontoD,  Mmil 

2&940.  Mackurvl  book  iind  liuu.     A.  McCiutlj?. 

il&iQS.  'hotter/' with  liuc  and  tliesattAchetL    UscdtDlAkc  aiMlrlTfvr  Aahii 

Willtiim  AlurriA,  Laku  City^  Mlun. 
19047.  Throu'-libe  with    niinuon'-haok«t.      Cooyuwoo   Pi*UteK. 

LAk<>,  Nuvftda.     Stephen  Towem, 


'p-sea  gear. 

S5786,  lltmd-linp  ^oar  for  halibtit  aud  rod.     Used  in  fSucnrgsV  Bftnk* 

criw.     Alfxnnrb^r  McCurdy,  Kotit  Gloucester,  MiMA.. 
SS697.  Gi'itr^  mwd  by  Autchran  tltllK*rllu^u  nu  George's  Dooka.     Undianl 

Anthony,  Ikwion,  Ma.<««. 
SSM71.  Hand-lino  ^i^ar.     VhcA  in  Ocori^i'V  Dank»  cod  iwd  liAiibat  lii 

A.  Moi'iirdy,  East  l)|»nce«UT,  Moa*. 
39483.  Cml-lbthini!  t^^Ar.     Uitctl  fWtni  1NV2-1S3().    L4*mu(*l  l\H>k,  9<lf  Vtnrit 

towti,  Mass. 
35668.  Cml  haud-liuv  nud  gtmr.     UmmI  rhii'tly  on  Wmtvm  and  Gt«n«l  UaaI 

of  Ncwfoimdliuid.     Driulford  &  Anthuiiy,  ItMf^tn,  Mim*. 
SSdfiB.     rollook  Hnr  nnd  i;oar.     Bradford  <!  Anlhonv.  nci«t^n,  Umm. 
34810-11.  Ri>fi[fLHt  tauto^r.lincA.    J.  M.  K.  Hoiithwiil.    ' 
25(iC5.  Liucs.     l{i;;Hfd  for  poiid-OAhing.     W'nt.  M.  \  i. 

1I4U.  Halibut-honk,  with  kolp  lin*«.     Maknh  Indtat**.     l'u^«i  8*>tui4t 

T.    J.  O.  SwftU. 


Trawl-Uae«,  or  bull-tows 


9&68S.  Mmlol  of  co<lfiRh-trnwl,  used  hy  Americun  fiMhcrraen  craAVcslem  and 

Gmnil  Bftnkd  of  Xr-wroiintllniid.     ItiioyA,  scaIr  of  oufl-t^ixth ;  an- 

cliors,  8calc  of  onc-flfteonth.     Orailfonl  &  Anthony.  Boston,  Maaa. 
Si9469.  8ecli«m  ((m*y6tth)  of  trawl-Unc     Used  in  (JcorgL-'s  Unnks  codfiab* 

crie*.     A.  R.  Crittoudrn,  Mitldlt^lo^ni,  Conn. 
Tmwl-llno  and  bookis.     Indiana  of  Vancouver's  Island.     Dr.  T.  T. 

Minor. 
Oni!  wction  or  ''skiitc"  of  ahaliliut  trawl-Unc  Tilh (No.  3S?7(KI)  inner 

linoy  with  Rag,  (No.  SWO?)  outer  bnoy  with  "blftck-lmll,"  (No. 

3*708)  bnoy-line,  nnd  (No.  32709)  anchor.     Copt.  Jo»,  W.  CuUinn 

and  Philip  Murchont,  Gloucester,  Maas. 


Pirkerfl'tmpfl.    With  lines  and  flags  for  fishing  through  tho  ioe. 
Bnulford  &  Anthony.  Boston,  Mns». 
Ji&Vxl  6«t  of  tmpU'mentJt  for  smrlt-tlshing  through  the  ice. 
.  Fishlug-tiowa.     W.  H.  Young,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BY.)     PaRT.H   AM)   ACCESSORIES  OP  A NGLI NO- APPARATUS 
AN!)  or  HAKPOON   AND  SEINK  LINES, 

tks  (includiDi,'  a  full  series  of  nninoiuit<^d  liookSf  of  recent  and 
aboriginal  uiauufacture). 


Tho  ten  procMnes  through  which  Aniorinan  hand-mado  finh-hook<) 
paw  from  tho  wire  to  tho  fluit!>bod  hook.  Mado  entirely  by  hand- 
labor  in  tho  f]irtory  uf  J.  W.  Court,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y,  Bradford  Sl 
Anthony,  B<>stou,  Mass. 

iibl(vn'<tlu«d,  cast-dte*'!,  tapered  point:  Virginia  hooks,  flatted, 
Nok  li)  to  1  and  t-0  to  ^~0,  American  Needle  and  Fish*Hook  Cuui- 
pany.  New  Harcn.  Conn. 

trri  blarkflsh-1ionk«,  Japnnnnl,  flatted,  Nos.  I  to  l^ 
•  lie  and  Fish-Hook  Company,  New  Tlaven,  Couu. 

lU.  ^~o.  14 1 


08        ANIMAL  nESOUfiCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  tTNITED  STATES. 


Slootis  (iiicUuliii^  a  full  smcs  of  nnmounted  hooks^  of  recent 
ulK)riginal  muuufacturc). 
Plain  hooks. 

25530.  EeUbookA,  No.  G.    Aznorican  Xocdlo  aud  Ptith-ITook  OamiMny,  Ke 

Havrn,  Conn. 
2SC40.  Halihnt-lionkB,  rui|;e<I;  Noa.  1  to  3.    American  NpfMll«  Ktid  PUb-lh 

CoutiMiny,  N'«'w  Hovcn,  Crtiin. 
25&2a  Ciwt-fltccl  Kirby  w>.i  fiHli-hmiks,  flattMl;  No*.  1  to  U.      Am*^ 

Newllp  ftud  FifJi-HfMik  Coiiiiiuiiy,  Kow  Havrti,  Ciiuii. 
25530.  Caflt-st«cl  Kirby  eva  linh-btMikH,  riii^rd;  Num,  1  to  12. 
35529.  Snpfrior  caat-Ktrcl  Kirby  wa  flHh-biHikB,  Kalvniiixcd,   tflattr^l ;  N 

I  tn  H.     AineTtcau  Xet'dlo  niid  Kish-HiHik  Ciinii»ariy,  X**w    HftV 

Conn. 
S5522.  Doubir-n^tinpd  cost-steel  Kirby  river  and  trout  fish-liookis  rui0«4j 

Noe.  1  to  1^2  aud  1-00  to  10-0.    Arovrican  Needle  mnd  I-'ub'U 

Comimny,  New  Haven,  Cnnii. 
SSJy^.  Kirby  river  and  tnmt  fi^li-bookii.  flalt<'d,  «'Xlni  HnTorftne;  Xc*. 

to  12  and  1-U  to  10-0.    Americuu  Kvcdk  aud  Fi«U-Hfwk  Com; 

Now  Uuven,  Conn, 
S&510.  ^a])('r(in<>  fqiriiig  utei'l  Kirby  Hulnioii,  6att'il;  Nii8.  V2  to  3^. 

ii'un  NmjdU'  and  Fi(ih-Ht>ok  C<mip:iny,  Kt-w  Havru,  Coiin. 
SG520.  Carliiilc  tmut-bcKtks,   l1o(to«l;    Xoh.    I'^*i0.     Aiufriniu   K«edl« 

Fiitlt'Huok  Ci»nii»auy.  New  HttvoiL,  Codu. 
S5531.  CurliHlu  trout-lHMikA,  rinjfod:  Nuh.  t$  to  3-0.    Aluorican  Needle 

Fitili-Ilook  C'ompuny,  New  Uavrn,  Conn. 
JffiSlO.  Siijtrrtinc  i-nMt-ctti'Ld  Liiiierii-k  ttalninii.  Hntlnl;  Nom.    1-0    ta   IS 

'Z-i.i  to  10-0.    Autt^ricau  NvedJe  and  Fi«b-lIouk  CcMupany.  N* 

Haven,  C'nuu. 
25517.  &ap«rtiuo  cust-stoel  Limerick  wdmon.  ringiMl ;  Not*.  1-0  to  9  aiul 

to  10-U.     American  Xevdlu  aud  Fibh-Houk  Company,  K«w  Oa« 

Conn. 
SS514.  Donble*refined  rast-Atcel  Limerick  river  and  tront  flab'booka  (i 

puints.  flrttlcd) ;  Nos.  l-U  to  ItJ  nud  S-0  to  10-0,     American  K 

and  FiMb-Hook  Cntnpaoy,  New  Iluven,  Conn. 
2^15.  Itoub )<'•»> fined  caJrt-Nt4?cl  Limerick  river  and  tront-  tlsb-lioul^  ■ 

liewl  |)oinl«i,   dutteil,  fthnnkH  rinisrd);  X(W.   1^  to  |£  ain 

10-0.     American  Needle  and  lljih-Hook  Company,  ^'ow   Hiv 

Conn. 
^UVld.  Extra  Nprin^-slrd  AlM^nlern   troiit-bmika,  Hatted ;    ?(<«,    H  U* 

Anierienn  Nredli^  and  Finb-Hoolt  ('oiupauv,  N<"W  Hnvrti,  i'luin. 
S5525.  Snpertiuc    opHn^-Mteel    KitiMi-y    liiiiti-bi>i>k>*,    tliiitid;    Nim.  fi  Ut  I 

.^>eriean  Needle  and  Fii>li-Uotvk  Ctmipnny.  Xen  Uamni^  Cmuu 
S5&91.  8u|iernuo  hU'cI  Kiusey  tntirt-bookN,  ringed;  Noi^  10  to  |fk     A 

NewUe  and  I'lKli-Hook  Coutpuuy,  Xew  Haven,  Conn 
SS534.  Cafft-fftcel  dm]>-point  uiai^kend-boukAr  lar^^e  and  unalJ 

XciA,  1  A  to  Ci  A,  nntl  2  U  lo  4  IJ.    Amriican  N^cdW  an^ 

Company,  New  Haven,  C»nii. 
S5527.  SuperttiM*  fant-Hlfel  J.  P.  eod-hookx,  ringed;  Kim.  1  lo  8. 

Needle  and  Fl^li-lltMik  Company,  New  Haven,  Ctnin. 
S55S6.   ^nperline  t  nHt-filcet  ,1.  I',  rml-liookti.  tlii(l«-4l;  Nnrt.  1  u*  (i. 

Ne«*f1b<  aud  Firtb-HiHik  Conipauy,  Nevr  Hawu.  t^'nn. 
Sb638.  CentmlMlrniiji^bt    codfi».li-book».   eyed;     Now,    10    • 

Nt-'-dlf*  iiivi  Ki-^)i-!lfw»U  <'"mpfiny,  New  !!nrfn.  < 
KS33.  D>ml>' 

bo.. 

Company,  Mew  Unven,  Conn. 


:«iiB.      ^M 


ANUIAI.  RE80CJRCES  AND  FISllEHIES  OF  UNITED  STATES, 


99 


3GM1. 


SMH. 


(ijirludiiig  tt  I'till  lierics  of  uumounted  hooks,  of  roc4^nt  and 

aboripnal  mauufa^turc). 
Plain  books. 

1E3631.  OonliU-^rfihi'Ml  t*ft«t-«ttiM'l,  firidltinl,  LMMilnil-ilniiisl't  end  "r  tnat-kcrol 
h(K>kM,  fljittt'cL    Amrricau  N<'i'<iio  iuhI  Kibli-IIiHjl;  C'i»iu|muy,  Now 
Hatmi,  Conn. 
9SSA1.  Cod-bonk6.     I'si-il  -n  hru  tUh  ritsu  to  the  iiiiirracc'.     J.  M.  K.  SoiitbwicU, 

Newport,  U.  I. 
35538.  ffliark  hoiikfu     TlrMlfonl  &.  Atitlinuy,  UnKtoii,  itoM. 
aM85.  8faark-l)nokiL     M.  W.  Grant,  ^Vl^ll^(•(•t,  Mtu». 

3D640.  Hhark-brxik.   (ExTraordiiuirj-.)  A.  K.  CritTomli'n,  Mitldloto-mi,  Coim, 
8>4ttl.  GnniiHl-Mlinrk  limtk.      8f>'U:    iuK'4l    forty   ynin*  u)^.      VAitihn   C'tKik, 

I^TDviijrrtnwti,  Mnwi. 
fiSfiOS:  I>>ij{-Hn1i  liiNik  uifli  rliatu.     Vtn^  AC  X<in7K»rl-,  R.  I.    J.M.  K.  South- 
wick,  Newjwrl.K.  h 
Dug-tisli  hofjk^.  riug'.'d.    Amcriciiu  N'vcdlv  awl  F^sli-Huok  Cumjiauy, 

y«'n  Hiivpii,  I'ouii. 
HorMT-uiackiTu]  hook.     Jobu  Tbumiw,  B«lJ<ist«  ]<«. 
98G06.  liook^  jirobaltly   loet   l>y  a  Freoch   tisliuig-TOfwl.      roniicl   on  St. 
<rt'«rgr''*  Ilaiiktt  on  a  jiifcc  uf  tntwl;   tisJicd  up  Ity  04HI.  H.  I^cwif*, 
Provinoetowii,  Maes. 
3S733.  Frruvh  cod-linokii ;   taken  fnun  co(Ltli«li   ou  Jullxies  X^udj^r.      Capt. 

JftuiPA  Tarr,  Gluui-fNltr,  M&nS: 
311731.  French  c»>d-ho<>k;   fakon  from  tmUihh  iu  fialvapcaf  Sboabi,  Cope 

Aun,  in  \f&6,    C'apt.  Jauic»  Torr,  01oiirc8t«r.  Mnw. 
40Q&4.  WtMHlen  tiith-houka.     Indiaiw  ol' North  wi.>Ht  con^t.     Bella  Bella,  B.  C, 
J.  O.  HwoH. 

.  rish-h«Hiks.     ImlinuA  of  Xorthwcrt  oooMt  of  AnK-rica.     Straita  o( 

Knca,  I'Uf^cI  StoiDil.     V.  S.  Esplnring  Expeditiou. 
lUGl.   KiMli-hrHtkN.     |'i);^^t  Suiind.     Ot'orp;!?  (iilibfi. 
VTtM,  Kt>ili-ho«)k.     Watlnpai  TiidiAns.     E.  Palmvr. 
i6fQ.  n'Ut-hor>kol* vrtiofl  nnd  Ifonu.    Ocn«dcfll-^oua Indiana.     Ynkonllivcr, 

Alusk*.     \V.  H.  DhII. 
iM/7,  FlKh-liiHik  Hiul  line.     C'hilkahtludiuitt.    AliuikA.    Liont.  F.  W.  Riu^, 

r,  8.  A. 

SGML  Fivb-htKtkN  mid  ouikcTH.    Frciiw>ntk.i  Iuclinu«.    St.  Iklirluit'rK,  Alnnkii. 

,    W.  n.  lyaXl 
19DS1  Fiwh-liookM.   CooyuwccPt-UtcImUauB.  rymmid  Lake, Xvv.   Stpphcn 

1U&1.  Fuh-htMtk.     Ik-lla  Bflln,   B.  C.     J.  0.  Swon.     Irulinu  ninko. 
JBWL  MnlHrnt-liiiok.     Alii>*kft.     Dr.  Iloff,  T'.  S.  A. 

.  HaliliiiMHM>k.     Silk.i,  AL'u*kii.    .).  C.  Swan.  *' 

P103-L  H»mrtii-lnN.k«.    Aliifikn.    LinH.  F.  W.  Kiuif.  T.  «■  A.  " 
II 4L  Butl-vDd  of  lirndark  liui)>  furiiuikiii;;  liuhluit-huiiU.     Muktth  Jiidiuns. 

T'nj^'l  84iuml,  W.  T.    J.  O  Swan. 
XHM^  Uulibut-faiwkrt.     Yakut  nt  KHkiino.     W.I  L  Doll. 
SOU.  Fiah-hook.    Nnrthwi-at  nuisl  of  Anirrirn.    rnpt,  Chnit.  WilkfR,  17.  R  N. 

V.  R.  Explorlny  Ex^M-dltion. 
UVi  II'X'kM  and  lln<«.     Kflkimi>.     Andor^on  RiviT.    C.  P.  Gaudct. 
liM.   FinU-h'iok.     Arrlic  Aiuirirn.     B.  IC.  lUiss. 
5119.  Ft«li-U'ink.     ATidorwin  Riwr  EfkiiiKtM.     Mftckotuic'A  River  diiitriot. 

U.  Krunicntt. 
nUL  Flih-Uook.     Fort  Awk<r»nii  Enkinio).     Mji<'kfiirie'«  River  lUslhct. 

U.  MttirFnrluuf. 
VB12.  ruh>lini<  nf  k'-tp  ( .Vrrro^i/Ji/b).  flrili-hnok,  and  htaddrr  buoy.     Makuh 
Indiuitt.    avail  Bay.    J.  G.  Swan, 


►raCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      101 

{inclDiliii^  a  full  writes  of  immoiintod  books,  of  recent  and 

ulK>iif<inul  mnniitactiu'e). 
.li^  anrl  dniiln. 

£«jU>.  UUitrlUh-tlrutl.      Pcoiiliur    to    IlyauuJH,    Miuw*.       Kiocuiuu    Hollott, 

llyminifl,  Mo&a.    AVlien  uetHi,  covered  with  an  ix>l-«tkiii. 
aSOOO.  M*f»k-rUb  jigs.     Used  in  Newport,  K.  I.    J.  M.  K.  Soulhwiek,  New- 
port. K.  1. 
9Q7&  MetAlUc«(|ni(L    ludlanH.    AlaakA.    Liont.  K.  TT.  Kiug.  U.  8.  A. 
aMW.  Caliooh-H    iinimivvd    Indliny-liookB.      (Polcuted  Slureh   ti4»   1?74.) 

TbumM  J.  (>ifford  A-  Co.,  New  IttMllonl,  Mocwi, 
1349G.  SlArkiTol-Jigs.     Cape  Ann.     J.  I*.  Niuon,  Itockport,  Moss. 
3Ki6«S  M»okprel-jig.     (tlonccstcr,  Mans.     (j.  Bronu  Goodc. 
S9I79,  Mmckfn'l-jig^.     Joliii  B.  riinsonn,  I£<iekpnii,  MniM. 
SSm.  Uockcrel-Jige.    Fsrd  tliirt.v  years  nj^o.    A.  Mct'unly,  Gloncmtc^r,  Mawi. 
95{WB.  Blackei^Ujign.    J.  M.  K.  tSouthwick,  Newport,  If.  I. 
S5M1.  Uackcrrl-jigH.     Um-U  iilHint  tliL^  yeur  IhjO.     Ciipt.  Edward  L.  Rnwe, 

Gloucester,  Miww. 
Ifim.  SoftpfltoQc  "Jiff''  rnoUlfl,  No.  1.     (I'atcDad  Mnrcb  lo,  1870.)    Cnpc 

Ann.    J.  1'.  NoiiOD,  Rockport,  Mam. 
25780.  Soapstone  markcrol-jig  mold.     Capt.  K.  I^  Rowr,  Gloncester,  Miiaa. 
£i7el-'i.  Wooden,  lead -lined,  oftckerel-jig  molds.  " 

iSiit.  SfjM^kerel-jig  mold.     (Patented  Mftrth  15,  1870;  J.  P.  Kohod,  No.  2.) 

Cent^d^Vlla^f  Comiiauy,  Provincotowu,  Mosa. 
3<!cBfl.  Mackerel-Jig  moUL    Gloucester,  Mwta.     G.  Brown  G«od«, 
ZiCA.  Min^kerel-jig  LwUe.  " 

3i!fi6l.  Mackercl-jlgra»p.  "  " 

3W».  Mackerol-jig  file.  '*  " 

WGX  Pewter  fur  luo  in  mauofacture  of  Jigs.    Oloacester,  Maw.    0.  Brown 

Gnode. 
tM6l.  Cotlti»h  "tiip"  and  '^fly-jig."    Style*  nsed  fifty  years  ago.     Lomiiel 

Cook,  *J»\,  Provincetown,  Mam. 
85601.  CwlfUb  jig-hook.    Uaed  when  the  fl*h  rise  fr<iin  the  bottom.     Mas* 

•acbuwtts.     A.  R.  Critteodeu,  Middletown,  Cunu, 

m-baitfl,  plain  and  fluted. 

SS5aO.  Fluted  spoons  for  pickerel,  Iiukb,  and  troat.  Mannfoctarcd  by  0.  M. 
Kkinner,  Gnnnnoque,  Ontario.  I'litentcd  United  States  and  Cnn- 
ada,  1)^4.     Brmllurd  J^  Aulbuuy,  Boston,  Masis. 

£u50.  Tr4dUng-«|HiiinH.  r<ir  biuM  and  plckeri!l.  Bruttroril  &.  Autbony, 
Boston,  Mom. 

&u55.  BluetiBb-«]N>ons.     Bi-adfotd  «&:  .\ntfaony,  Botstou.  Mitftfj. 

S6XL  l^pianorB.  For  pickerel,  Irout,  and  btuM  libbiug.  linidXonl  Ai  Aji- 
tltouy,  Boston,  Mam. 

IS&HK  Spoon-baita.  For  baiM,  pickerel,  pike^  and  trout  flahlng  (nickel- 
plate*!).    .John  II.  Mjinn,  SyraenM,  K.  V. 

&GAL  Spoou-balla.  For  biiMti,  pike,  ptekercl,  and  tront  (dlver'plated).  J. 
T.  Bni'I,  Whitehidl,  N.  Y. 

1SSQ3.  Spoou-btiitH.  For  pike,  pickerel,  buw.  trout,  and  binefisb.  \Viu.  11. 
.)amc«.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

mux  Spootibuitit.  Fur  pike,  baw,  pickerel,  and  trout  flubiiig.  Win.  IT. 
.Inm'"*   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

JC7X  y  ted  trolliug-HXMHma.     D.  M.  Skinner,  Ganouotine,  Onla- 

.la. 

39685.  Si  h.      Proiverty  of  .1.  A,  NiiboU,  Syr.-wuBo,  N.  Y.     Con- 

:  i,y  Forcsii  tSc  Stream  Puldisbiug  Compauy. 


I 


102      ANIMAL  BESOIKCES  AXD  PISUERIE8  OP  UNITED  STATES. 

Hooks  (iiicludiug  a  full  series  of  nninoiinti.'d  hooks,  of  recent  fti 
aboriginal  inaDiifactiiro). 

SjHK>ii-1>mts^  plain  uiiU  llutod. 

aaXK).  Tnmt-aiKJoii.     PrviH.rty  nf  J.  A.  Nichuld.  Synicnap,  N.   T.      Cuo-_ 

trihnlrii  by  Kori-nt  auil  Strcuin  PiiUlishiny  <_'<»iui>any. 
Sr^5G4.  6|»oou-1>ail!i,     Tur  pikr,  jiickcrvl,  ba«a,  amt  tniut.     \V.  D.  Chaf* 

&  Son,  Thfivaa,  N.  Y. 
S56da.  Tmrl  iiiiiiiiuwH.     \V.  M.  Voutj;?,  rhiUido1i»ht».  !*». 
^r.55U.  MarHar<^*t»  imnrl  sponnn.     For  pickerel,  tntut,  autl  l>ibiv».      nnnUvnl 

Autbuuy,  ItoHioii,  MoAo. 

Artificial  flies  on  hooks. 

32735.  Huwi-flirs.     Sura  J.  MtBritli%  Mamfordf  N.  V. 
li^Mi.  Tniut-fiiee.  »*  « 

2fil05.  8ttlnioii<nio«.  *'  " 


ArtiHcinl  tHo4  for  8uliiion,  tn>tit,  and  l>a.s8. 
thony,  lioston,  Miush. 


Bradfonl  &  Ai 


NoTK. — i'nr  coiivi'nirnro  tins  rntlro  rollt'Ctiiiii  m  pruvieuoiuUlf  en 
tiuder  a  aiii^lu  raluloi^i?  number. 

a.  Peacock,  witb  wntiT-tolor  8];*>tfU  of  nri;;iiiul. 

b.  Starch  Uro\ni,  wiili  wnti^r-folor  Nkotch  i>f  oriipnal. 

Ji«Mly — Kurnf  tlio  ftts-Bqiiirrol'K  fftfo  riblH'tl  uvor  Tvlili  olive  silk.     Tnil— 
Mti-aiKld  of  brown  iV^alliiT  of  l\w  wild  innllard.     Wiupi — t'tom   iIm» 
fcatliornf  tlin  HbtiVL'llrr  iliu'k  niipniiii'liin<;  tlie  (nil;  Ihr  li^bi  >*r 
fcatbtT  ifl  till!  bcHt,  luid  if  nitoly  titMl  imunt  \h>  tax  exifllcnt  ity,     1, 
(piiutlcd  cock's  hackle,  wound  iwUo  or  ihricc  ut  thr  abouUlrr.     y 
«ylvuuiu,  hooks  Noet.  f>  to  8;  f«tr  Kcw   York,  lionkii  Nim.  5  ami  6;  Kt'M 
hknd,  liooks  Nim.  4  uiid  fi. 


Eaj 


f.  Cr»'at  R«?d  Sjiinmir,  with  watrr-color  HLctch  <»('  <>ri<^iitul. 
</,  WaUT-crickrt,  with  ^xntrrn'nlor  Hkvtch  of  ori;^inftl. 
r.  Utvtit  Dark  Droui>,  with  waU'r-colomketch  of  orlgtital. 
/,  Cow-duny. 

Rmly— Yellow  ntithnir  nii.\(*d  with  a  littU*  din^'  hrowu  fitr  thnn  tb» 
Win^H — From   thv  quill-ftuithor  of  tho  ciiTlrw  ta  whlinbrul.      X.«gs— ^i 
i;iu^«r-(<ilorcd  ctKkV  hackle.    For  PcnnAylvniiin,  hooksNoo,?  to  10;  fory« 
Yi>rkj  liook  Xo.  i*;  for  Now  Ku^laud,  Ui»ok  No.  0. 

gf.  Rpd  Fly,  with  vttt*'r-polnr  sketch  of  original. 

lioily— Tho  red  part  nf  mpiinorrt  fur  ndxcd  with  an  pqiwil  qtiantUj  of  ria 
mohuir.     >VinK« — The  wttfivjil  tpiill-fojilhi-r  of  tin*  |M'a-hcn'«  wiuji;.     Lej 
t'Urvt-colorcd  hackle;  dip  yome  of  the  iipp4T  libcrv  ofTllmt  t1i*>  winca 
lie  Iha.     For  IVunH^lriuilu,  houk  Nu.tl;  fur  Nvw  York,  luMdc  N'o.  4;  Air  ', 
Kiifsluud,  houk  Ni*.  J. 


U,  Itluc  Dim,  with 'wutoT-cnloriikotrhof  orifflual. 


T««l-1 


Dofly — Fnr  of  a  ip^v  B(|nlm:l  simn  rrry  tliinly  on  fin»  yrlluvr  ultk. 
ni>nt)«  of  a  dun    lirudile.      Wiu^s — Fpitin    n   i)hin>r> 
Ix'i:* — Two  or  thiis' tiinit  of  a  ;jiiitcrr-dnn  linoklfi  :. 

kiH'p  tht:  wiii^iL  upiif:ht.     I'ur  I'tititNylvaula,  liook  2l(t*.  **i  in^t  hvm  Xmi 
hook  No.  5;  for  New  Kn;;1atid,  hoi>k  No.  4. 


ASDIXL  RE80UKCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      103 

(inchidiufr  u  full  scni'H  of  uuuioiintcd  hooks,  of  recent  and 
aborigiual  mmmfactiiro)* 

737,  ArtiUcinl  tUes  for  salmon,  trout,  and  bass— Continued. 

1.  Rmi  Sjiinnvr,  wjth  vatrr-color  ■ketch  of  original. 

Ifody^—lv  n  ftilk  ril'ItH.  villi  rttic  i*o\ti  twiHt.     Tnil — Two  fibcri*  of 

inl  ro.  Wiiipi — I'liri^lit   frnni  ii  iiitfttlwl  ^jray  frather  of  tho 

m  iH'ii  a  pah"  Mii*',  thr  brifjlitcr  In  oolnr  tho  better.     Lo;^ — I'lain 

mi  iu'kle.     For  Pi'iniHylvaiim,  book  Nu,  (i;  f»i*  Now  York,  hook  No. 

5;  iar  Unn  iCuglautl,  book  \(>.  4. 

J,  Nicboliou. 
1;.  IMmtk  l>og. 
JL  Atkiuaou. 

«,  Cl*rrt  Wiwp. 

o.  Blue  Wovp. 

j».  Wxva-lAil,  Willi  irAtCT-color  nkotch  of  ori)pOftl. 

IlfidT — (liiiffpr-Tfilort'd  fur  ribb<il  with  ^M  twist,  Winps — Ffatbri-a  fi-oiii  a 
vmiS  lAil;  if  tb('iM>  ruiiQitl  1h«  priM-nnHl  a  (uiinll  uriipular  tVatbor  of  rhr 
wood('(H-k  luakcH  :t  ;;oixI  iniitutittii.  ntid  tuuy  bu  hnckleil  with  tlj<'  s:iiiu*  kiiul 
iif  frtttikiT,  For  PuuoH>-lviiitiu,  hook  Na  lU;  fui- Nvw  York,  b(K>k  No.  d;  fur 
2f«w  Gii);Uiul,  boiiV  No.  H, 

^  Rrd  Aut,  wttb  wnter-colur  Nkotcb  nf  urigiiml. 

IVnI^ — Pe»cock'«  horl  Uod  with  r<Ml-brown  silk.  Wings — From  the  tjuill- 
£lp*lhrr  of  the  blur-Jay.     I^rj*!! — A  smnll  red  curk'n  1iaL-kb<, 

r.  ^tt*«r  HurnH,  ¥rilh  waler-color  iikWi-li  of  original. 

a.  Goklro-tliui  Mid^o,  with  water-color  ukotch  of  ori<;lnn1. 

t.  Sawl-tly,  with  wotcr-color  sketch  of  originaL 

IUhXj — Of  Ibt?  *anrly-eith»rwl  ftir  from  tlu*  ruhl»it'N  luxk  or  fr»>m  Iho  fox-sfjnirrol 
vpan  UD  nUk  of  tho  muuo  eolor.  Wiii|gft — t->oni  thn  wlumbri*!  wing  iiiaile 
fttlt  L4'g»— From  n  ll|£ht-fEin;;('r  feather  from  the  neck  of  a  hen.  For 
Pirnn»j  Wi»nin.  hiHikn  Now.  (i  to  8;  for  New  Yorii,  bunks  Nom.  &  uiid  0;  for  Now 
EeigUud,  hook*  Nom.  4  anil  Ti. 

«•  0<4ni*'fly,  with  water-color  skoteh  of  original. 

lSi«l7 — Vitt  of  fhf  Cray  Htjnlrrvl,  when  it  U  sbnrti'Ht  ih  IiobI,  mixed  with  ti  liltk 
yiOItiw  moliitir,  Wvinj^  yeljuw  :ibone  tin-  l;itl.  Tiiil — A  Mratul  «r  two  of 
btown  motfleil  featheru,  hay  »>f  uinlliird.  "Wiugi*— From  the  w>ft  inside 
fnaibt^r  nf  ilie  iw^a-beu's  wing.  Legs — lUnc<dun  rock'-*  haekle.  For  Feiin- 
»>  NoK.  (J  lu  H;  for  New  York,  bookbNoii.  &audA;  for  New  Eng- 

l»  1  nud  5. 

m.  Gn&Te)'b«Ml,  with  wnter'Folor  sketch  of  original. 

Bovlih— Du-k  dim  nr  lead-ooloKMl  hIUc  flooi  drcjisril  very  fine.     WInga — From  ft- 
#»•  the  wfNMlencU'tt  wing.    Legs — Abloek  e<irli*a  biM*kle,  rather 

1*  .  >  finly  iniuid  the  body.     For  re-nuHylvauia,  hooka  Noa.  B  to 

It'i  <uc  N««¥  Vorky  iiouk)*  Nua.  G  to  8;  for  Now  Knglanil,  hookA  Nos.  r>  and  Vk 


104     ANIMAL  BESOnnC£S  AND  FISUERZES  OF  UmTED  8TATE& 

Hookff  (including  a  ihll  series  of  unmoauted  hooks,  of  xeoort  ttl  1^ 
aboriginal  mano&ctiire). 

327.'S7.  Artificial  flies  for  salmon,  trout,  and  bass — Continued. 

V.  Grannnm,  with  watw-color  sketch  of  oziginaL 

Ikkly — Fur  of  a  ral)bit*s  Ckw  with  a  little  fine  green  -ntiA^ir  voziced  in  it  the 
tail.  Wings — From  the  inside  wing-feather  of  a  gronse.  L^»— A  pak 
ginger  hen's  hackle.  For  PennsylTonia,  hooks  Kos.  6  to  10;  fw  Keir  T€d^ 
hooks  Nos.  6  to  8;  for  New  England,  hooka  Nos.  5  and  G. 

X.  Yi'llow  Dun,  with  water-color  sketch  of  originoL 

l)4Kly— Yellow  mohair  mixed  with  a  little  pale  hlno  fixnn  a  monw  or  yeHinr 
floss  silk  with  the  least  blue  rabbit  fiir  spnn  npou  it.  Wings— Uprigta, 
from  the  inside  wing-feather  of  a  mallard  or  snnuner  dni^  For  PramyV 
vania,  hook  Ko.  10;  for  Kew  York,  hook  Xo.  6;  for  New  England,  hooiksSoa 
5  and  6. 

y,  Iron-ltlne  Bun,  with  water-color  sketch  of  original. 
s.  Hawthorn,  w^ith  water-color  sketch  of  original. 

llody — Black  ostrich's  horl.  Wings — From  the  qnill-feather  of  tho  Englidi 
Hiii]>o.  Legs — A  black  cock's  hackle.  For  Pennsylvania,  hooks  Nos.  8  to  10; 
for  Now  York,  hooks  Nos.  G  to  8;  for  New  England,  hooks  Nos.  5  and  6. 

aa.  Jenny  Spinner,  with  water-color  sketch  of  origiaal. 

ab.  Deunison. 

Itody — (ireeu  floss  silk  ribbed  with  silror  twist.  Tail — Orange-tipped  fibres  of 
tippet,  woml-duck,  ibis,  and  grecu  parrot.  Legs — A  golden  yellow  hackle. 
Wiiij;H — Of  the  folldwing  kinds:  T\ood-<luck.  tippet,  brown  mallanl,  bnstard, 
^rrri)  ])arriil,  liluo  and  yellow  macaw,  with  a  fuw  strands  of  red  m.icaw; 
blai-k  ohtrich  lit-ad.    lluoks  Ko».  1,  2,  and  3. 

ilu(l>      Itii^lH  yellow  Moal'M  fur  ril>licd  with  silver  tinsel  backed  with  gold  twisl. 
'iit\\    S|iii;;rt  of  jjray  innllard  and    ibis.      Legs — Bright    yellow   backle. 
\\jii;!fi    Sliijis  ol"  yniy  milliard  dre.ssed  fuUj  black  ostrich  head.    Hook* 
.Nii.^   M  anil  X 

-t    .M«iili>-iil. 

J*'.ii ;     <|,,iii  iiinliair  ribbed  with  ji:old  tinsel.     Tail — Throe  of  four  fibres*—^ 
-•.iiUt  ilii<..     l>e;;H— Claret  haeklc.    AViny.s — Brown  turkey.    llooksNos.' 

I»'..i .  It.iili  ilaul  miilinir  ribbi'd  with  jxt'ld  tinsel.  Tail — Fibres  of  wooi^ 
il<i<  1  .Hilt  ilii-i  l-'f?"'  I*;iili  ilaret  hackle.  ^Vin;J[ — Strips  of  wowl-dii<C 
ml  ,•  •!    .  nil  .<jM  i^^.i  i»t'  heal  let  ibi.s.     Iloukd  Xos.  1,  ^,  and  3. 

1  lii.i<  III  il    Jitlh. 

ILi.lj  tliiMel  liliheil  with  Kohltwist.     Tail — A  slipof  wood-<luckmixo<^' 

rjegs  A  iMvnl  wiii«;-featlier  of  the  ibis.  Winp* — Strips  froi*=^ 
ert  f'lalhn  III'  ilie  ibis  ((he  win;]:  may  be  varied,  nddingaslif 
k  uu  laeh  Mile);  blaek  ostrich  head.    Hooks  Nos.  1,2,  and 3. 


(incliuliiig  a  fUU  »cnvH  of  iinitiountc<l  Luoks,  of  recent  and 
nlK»rii^al  niniiufuctitrv). 

3l^3f.  Anifldul  llieH  for  sulmoii,  trout,  and  bass — Continned. 

oj.  Lab)  Qrorgi*. 

Daly— Gold  twiiit  rililtotl  witli  silwr  iwist.  Tail — A  fimall  Cliiua  topping. 
Lpg* — A  hH^lit  orrtiigf  bncUlo  witli  a  fiUoulilt^r  uf  hrigli!  rlarct.  Wiii^^s — 
Tk'o  t  ipi  •-  iiii  iv*X  V-  i  ( li  ax^ixtt  pbcosaut,  brow  u  maUard ;  black  o!»  trich 

kftd.     )1  1,  Si,  una  3. 

ai.  Chateaa^ay. 

Body— Lcioon-yeUow  floui  ribbcsl  trith  gold  tirint.     Tail— A  fim  flbrt'i  of 

Imnm  mallard.     Lcffs — A  /»intjcr- colored  cock's  buckle.    AVinga — fitripfl  of 
ikijv<>1tc-r  diiek  mixed  with  fibres  uf  argns  pboaaAnt. 

«t  Yclluw  I>rake. 

B0O7— Ywllnw  rooliRir  riltbbtl  witli  nilvnr  twiitt.  Tnil — Thrro  fibroH  of  yellow 
namw.  I.cg» — Ynlbtw  bueklu  niib  two  tiinia  of  ibis  on  shoulder.  Wiug« — 
Slripdof  gniy  iimtluid;  black  oatrieb  bead.     Hook  No.  H. 

';.  Kltb&nlfiOli. 

Bftily— A  ligbtbhu'  lluHfi  nilk  riblwd  with  Bilvcr  twint.  Tail — Tbrt-c  nlrauds 
of  bnovrn  mallard.  Lc'ga — Ulack  cock's  backle.  \\'iDgs — Stripa  of  KugUidi 
bloiyjay  mixed  with  brown  mallard.    Houks  Nua.  3  and  4. 

Aathfmy. 
-dy. 
CftjiUiu. 
CttmbinatioQ. 

Body— Firnt  half,  y&llow  seaVh  flirj  second  bolf,  red-clarot  seal  ribbed  with 
tiln'r  Husel  (Iho  fur  to  be  picked  out).  Tail — A  few  filires  of  gray  mallard 
ZDixM  with  il>ift,  I^gn— A  uutnriil  rv*\  hacklii  <lipi>ed  in  yellow  dye.  Winga 
—A  piece  of  the  faniA  kind  of  hackle  with  pale  Ibin  KiripA.  On  each  side  a 
piece  of  gray  niaUonl  sufileieiitly  large  to  moke  the  wing  full ;  bbick  ostrich 
UmL    Hooka  N08.  1,  9,  and  3. 

aittr  Doctor. 

wdj— Silver  tinwd  ribWd  witli  gold  lTrint.  Tail — China  i)be4)Hant  topping. 
J'S»^.A  jMilw-blue  Itjiokin  wiib  n  Hiiall  tea!  or  gtiinra-beii  at  the  fehoiiMf-r. 
W"io(p^— Mil «-<lflbreB of  w»»<Kl-<lnck,  brown  ninllanl,gninea-ben,  green  parrot, 
blBAioaciiw,  U'al.  ojid  binstanl;  black  ostrich  head.     Hctoks  Xoh.  U  onii  3. 


BalywFiwt  joint,  iillvrr  t^irt ;  second,  black  o«trich  with  tbrM  tumii  of  the 
**'  Toil — Ornnf^e  flos*  with  a  turn  or  two  of  twist,  a  lopping 

*"  hrr*t  of  Knglish  bliie-j.'iy.     Legs — A  yellow  dyed  Viai  hacklo 

•  AViugfl — Slri|t(j  of  wliite  swnn  dyed  yellow.     One 

**■  iiiher,  red  macaw  feelers;  blwk  ortrich  bead.    Tlookt 

^m.  a  UHl  3. 


104 

Hoe 


JUKDUL  BE80UBCE8  AND  FISIIKKIES  OF  UNITED  STATFA      107 

(inclMilin^'  a  tnll  scrit>8  of  iminouiiteil  hookn,  of  recent  Aiul 
aboriginal  mauiifucture). 

38T1u  ArtiOdnl  Hies  for  hhIiuoii,  trout,  htuI  Iniss — Continued. 

h,  lltraty. 

BoOy— Fliwt  half  pohl  twUr,  muniii(l<T  Itrown  mnlinir,  u-lth  tliwn  tnrns  of 
tbrtwUt  n\rT  it.  Titil — A  t»p]UiiK  iiiisttl  with  him*  kin^l^hfr.  Legs — 
BroTTi  liitrklr.  \Viii;p* — Twii  lijijK-i,  ffiithiTH  mixcMl  wieh  arjrns  phrnsnnt, 
lirown  QuUlunt.  l4*ul,  t'hina  itlic.isunl-tail  CfathHru,  hlut»  nml  yrllow  ltllU'a^v, 
villi  a  1ilii«  kiiiglltthcron  roch  fiiilc  of  the  niug;  black  oetricli  boml.  Ilook^ 
Not.  *i  kuii  ;t. 

Wjr— Brown  iirnhnir  rihl>c4  with  golfl  twi»r.  Tail— China  fpather  topping. 
I^m — ItriltlJMh  liruwii  hiiiklr,  l»lii««-iny  on  tihoitldrr.  Wings — riiiMwiiiit 
li]i|tct  feather  auil  tuil  mixed  vrith  sprtgn  of  grtM:)n  pAirot^  hliio  niaraw,  ami 
kuigfUhcT.     Heul — Oran^  inoluilr.     Itoaka  Noa,  1  nnd  ^. 

kr.  fioQDil  Lftbo. 

BikIv— Orftngt*  and  roil  clttmt  nw>r;2iiig  Info  pacli  othor.  Nilvprtinwllpd.  Tnil— 
!^pIi(IB  iif  Kold  phirtuitnt  lipiHtt,  hliut  niavaw,  iind  ffrrvu  parrakcel.  Lt*;;^ — 
AcUtvl  hncklr  nitli  a  Inru  nr  two  of  oniuge  ou  the  shuuldtT.  Win;?* — 
TVo  (»trii»»  ftf  hrown  InrUi'j',  with  a  «umll  jnuylc-cook's  feather  nn  eiich  side. 
Hottkft  \o«.  t,  2,  ami  3. 


*f.  Xlf hoUon. 
*e.  Our  ISttom. 

IWf— Clan*t  donsnlk  ribttcd  with  gold  tiusel,  backctl  wilth  nilver  twU). 
T«il— C'hina  ]ihrfljiant  rrifil-fiMitlior.  L<*p* — A  clarot  Imrkle.  Wing» — T«n 
(-liina  ph^ftKAnt  tip|M't  n*ar1i»*raunfithi*rmdf>,  astripnrtwoofbroxvnmnllavd 
vhI  argtiH  idivajiant;  black  uatrlch  head.    Huoka  yoa.  1-0,  3,  and  3. 

>i<  Long  Tttoi  uf  Long  Lake. 

I^J— Or»y  •quirr**!  mixed  wUha  litllogrfcnraobnirriblM'd  wilhwlvcrdnwl. 
T^ifl— ^.liina  phe:uttint  irn-'it-fi-jithrr.  T>i';;h~A  IiImo  dun  etM-k'n  haekle ;  ut 
•JutoMct  Iwuurlhrty  iiiruKnr  hriKbtcIart*t  haekle.  \Vinfp* — Stripji  of  brown 
DalUrd  niixrd  wilh  strands  of  eiinnuer  duck,  iicueock-win^,  nnd  np)K>r 
bivfrtk  of  thu  vUd  turkcj'.  n^l  luacaw  feelers;  black  pluiih  head.  Iluoku 
Kut.  1.  'i,  and  3. 

•*  fh,  fif^H. 

&aA,r--CIfuiA[ucra  znoluUr  ribbed  with  donblu  ^otd  twist.    Tail — A  strip  of 

Cin  Hit  tippet   mixed   with  ii  few  KtritndH  of  bnttlunL     I^-yft— A 

<li'  :.1(*  with  tbn'««  tiiniK  or  wi  i*(  ornnjie-flyifl  pTiinca-hen,  snnill 

■  •II    ■.■   'li.    t).     *.      Win;;:*— .SIri]mof  brnwn  muiluiil,  biim »  tnrkey, 
L:^;n>ti  j.ii<  ..  >:kMt  i,ul.  jitid  l.'hina  lip]>et ;  lilnck  ofirneh  hi-ad.     Hooka  N'lm.  I 


lOG     AN'IMAL  RESOURCES  AN 

HooE£f«  (itit'lutlin^  :i  full  st 
aboii;. 

o27:J7.  Ai-tiiicial  ilies  for  - 

on.  (Jri'at  lUiiw. 
at.  (.'adis. 
(III.  Murray. 

Ulark  sil!c  (loss  riiittnl 
oi"  (In*  scnrh't  il»ts. 
turkey;  blafk  os'.ri- 

<ir.  Uouml  Laki*. 
air.  Xami'h'i'R. 

I'i«ly — lirowu  ostr 
Two  or  ihn'c  si- 
Iiafklr.  Wnilinl 
]H'a<*0('k-wiii^  ' 
I>i*afock  lii'rl  I- 

ax.  IIari|iH'ttt\ 


I 

-.  ]iia<lr  ill  t\\ 

!>!nck  liacU' 

— A  inixt!i: 

«:/■ 

Priesr. 

fIZ, 

Kranrirt  .*i- 

h,. 

I>iiki>. 

hh. 

]>hiM>ii. 

/... 

Dublin. 

("/. 

I.ax'c'. 

/". 

Suit.-:. 

/./■. 

I'roiii 

;.;/. 

(ilMr. 

h}.. 

I'nW 

I'-. 

Ilav 

hi' 

Kih 

u. 

\VI 

hi. 

<':i 

bm. 

I'l 

Iio< 

'1 

riCHCES  AN0  FTSHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     109 

full  series  of  unmounted  hooks,  of  reccut  aucl 
aboriginal  manuiAGtorc). 

awa  for  sftlmon,  trout,  and  bass — Continued. 


.ifd  tuithaLr  nbbcd  witli  gold  tiuscL  Tail — Sprigs  of  mallanl 
:mt  ripi>et  fcatbcr.  L(*ga — A  blood-red  and  n  dark-blue  liaeklo 
Togctber.  W'iugA — Brown  mallard  aud  blue  macaw  feelers;  black 
mL     I]oof:s  Xoa.  1  ami  2. 


>  i;o\A  tituwl,  tag  goldcu-yellow  silk,  next  a  black  silk  joint,  tbo 

i-^y  carlboti.    Leg8 — Cimy  backlc  with,  a  claret  on  tbo  sbonlder. 

■  *ld  pbi'Jisaiit  topping.     Wings—Turkey  and  mallard  with  sprigs  of 

ami  plicasaut  tipx>et  feather;  black  ostrich  head.     Hooka  Nos.  1-0, 


—Yellow  floss  ribbed  with  silver  tinsel.    Tail — A  China  pheasant  top- 
•X*    hogs — A  yellow  hackle;  shoulder  hackle  a  guinea-hen.    Wings — ^Twii 

npet  feathers  of  the  China  pheasant  with  fibres  of  mallard  wuotl-<luok  on 

ich  idde;  black  ostrich  head.    Hooks  Nos.  1,  S,  and  3. 


[ 

ily— Deep  claret  mohair  ribbed  with  gold  twist.  Tail — ^A  topping.  Legs — 
A  eUxet  hackle  with  three  tiums  of  orange  hackle  at  the  shoulder.  Wings — 
Strips  of  brown  mallanl  andtipjiet  feather  with  red  macaw  feelers;  black 
oatrich  head.    Hooks  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3. 

•■  FI«ry-brown. 

Body — ^nery  brown  mohuir  ribbed  with  gold  tinsel.  Tail — A  small  topping 
mixed  with  wotMl-dnck.  I^egs — A  brown-re<l  hackle.  Wings — Brown  mal- 
lard with  a  little  wood-duck  and  golden  pheasant  neck-feather  mixed ;  black 
head.    Hooks  Noe.  1,  %  and  3. 

Of.  Parson. 

cr.  Gold  Wing. 

e».  Gold  Uallard. 

d.  Kircndbrightshire. 

ea.  Eagle. 

«r.  Tartan. 

or.  Last  Fly. 

or.  Atkinson. 

ey.  Strachan. 

cz.  Parson. 

Body— Black  mohair  tipped  with  orange  and  ril»l»ed  with  silver  twist.  Tail— 
A  small  topping.  Legs— A  black  backlo.  Wrings— Brown  turkey ^tail  f  black 
head.    Hooks  Nos.  2  and  3. 

da.  Boas. 

Body— Cinnamon-colored  doss  ribbed  with  gold  twist.    Tail— Sprigs  of  green 
parrot.    Legs — A  furnace  hackle.    Wings — Browu  mallard  mixed  with  ^  " 
cook  borl;  black  ostrich  head.    Hooks  Kus.  X-0  aud  1. 


%  Cham'bcrUii. 

f.  Wliltclior. 

^.  Lun^riu. 

'.  EniiiiH. 

I.  Captain. 

!.  Miijor. 

,  Durlin;;. 

-.  Durham  Ranger. 

'.  Ooiathu'h. 

I.   flritimiiiu. 

I.   ro]ilii«n. 

».  White  Tip. 

>.  Whiti'  W'iug, 

r.  DraUc  Wing, 

*.  Dun  Wing. 

t.  Dlnck  and  Yfllow. 

t.  Uhic  Doctor. 

I.  Katv. 

\  Rnygh'8. 

\  Littln  ^ellov  Stay  Dun*  vfith  water-colnr  sketch  of  original. 

■.  OftU  Fly,  with  water-color  elceteli  of  nri^nol. 

Bo4ly—0ran<;;o  flora  Bilk  ribUwl  with  n*th-ooIor<Ml  nillc  thread  or*" 
tlir  tiMh-cnlor  to  hv  shown  well  at  tho  tail  anil  Bhouldfra.  WiMj;*»~l''i 
Acapultir  fi'.ilhcr  of  llu-  wiNxlewk.  I*ogs — A  fiirnorr  litii>kh<>  or  rt»"l  ' 
hackle  with  a  black  list  up  tbo  midtUtf.  For  rimodylrania,  honks  Noi 
10;  fur  Kcw  Vnrk,  books  Xus,  6  t4>  tf ;  for  New  EiigluTiil,  houk«  Nas.  &  i 


dtf.  Black  Guat,  with  water-color  skvtrh  of  orlgiiuU. 

Body — niuvk  iwtiich  hrrl-  Wlugs — Froui  thr  ipiill-fi'athrr  "f  llw 
grnUh\  l^fga — Ithu-k  Imrklc  For  IViiuhvlvatna,  liiKik^  S*u%,  \ 
New  York,  hooka  Nos.  6  to  10;  for  New  Euj^loudf  hook  No.  S. 


it:.  Fcnj  Fly,  with  wator-coh)r  idcptch  of  original. 

ItfMly — Oniiigv  tloBS  Bilk.     Win;;* — From  tho  >piill*fi*alh«:u*  of 
tluck  wing ;  tbo  (unalU'r-aiztul  hookM  can  !>•?  Urt^itwul  tVoio  thf*  wli 
of  tho  bliK'-jiiy.     I,i*;;«— A  rvA  fiv-k'n  backlc.     For  I' 
H  to  10;  Cor  New  York,  hoolLA  Xon.  li  to  t*i  for  Xc>\    ; 
nudG. 

cii.  Yellow  8ally,  with  water-color  sketch  of  original. 

Body— Any  yrllnwisli   fur  rililM-il   rritli  yi'llow  it 
From  a  wing-fcatber  of  a  whiti' him  or  whiti*  i 
I'^tfi* — A  white  wtck'i*  liacklt"  ataini'd  in  th«*  miiud  dye. 
hooks  Ncift.  li  to  ^;  for  Naw  Vork^  hoolu  Nom.  'i  ami  6; 
hooks  NoA.  4  ami  &, 


JUnaCAX  RE80URCKS  AND  FISHERIES  OF  EXITED  STATES.      Ill 

S •**•*<•  (inolaiU»»tf  n-  <^iU  series  of  uninounto<l  hooks,  of  recent  and 
aboripnal  mauiil'aoturo). 
P^W.  -Artificial  tlio8  for  salmon,  trotit,  ami  bass — CoTjtiiixied. 
■••  AJ<l«.-c-  T\y,  wilh  wnlrrH*i>lor  Mkctcli  f)f  urij;;i»:il, 

I^^otly V^mcocWb  lierL     Wings — rrum  a  fuatlicr  of  n   liri»\ni  lien's  wing. 
X.**JK!» — A  wmI  cock's  hocklo  or  »  block  cock's  baoklc  ivill  ao«wer  loliTnlily 
*«»II.       For  Kimsylvania,  lii»nkft  Noil  8  to  10;  for  New  York,  hooka  Nos.  5 
»>^"ft  ^  ;  far  New  Kti;!laii<lf  litHtkit  Xom.  4  and  5. 
•   *"               "  -lni'.  with  wntiT-w-Oor  ski'toli  of  <iri;;iiin1. 
'  dark  8pinniT,  with  wiiter-ciilur  Rkrtrh  of  original. 

To  1  W  «»^  Broiru,  •with  walor-color  ttkotvh  of  orlglual. 
Bl&^^n.  Uoway. 

Body- Half  blftck  ostrich  nml  half  brown  mohiur  ribbed  with  goU  twUt. 

'''**»1- Sljort  tlliora  of  yeUow  ni.icaw,      I-.og» — A  fiimaoo   Uncklc  of   tbo 

•"*^*^l«lrT.     Wiit^M — StripH  «f  browu  qiiill-fcAUicrs  uf  the  i>oncock;  Uiu:k 
fli  XkoA.     Hook  No.  X 

1V»">~^ CbfHtiml  mohair  hIiImmI  with  Rnld  tinHi'l.     Tail — China  phroRinit  top- 

Lcgf»— A  cbeAtnur  hackle.     Wings— Strips  of  brow*u  jicMioock  mixed 
liQHtunl.     HfHfks  N'os.  1  an<l  2. 

•lot' maguu  tick. 

fi"^^ 'Almnt  cqnal  par1«  mised  of  gray  sqnirrol's  fitr  and  penp-inreon  mohair 

^  ••***54l  with  gnld  rwUt.     Tail — Four  stmada  of  nrKiiM  rcaih«>rN.     Loks — A 
ti  bittrni  hfirklr.     Wings — (»ray  upccklcd  tiirki-y.  whit^' tippwl  (dyo 
'''''^•■*^).  with  a  Ktrlp  of  argiiA  fcatbL<r  ou  each  side;  green  ostrich  bvud. 
llockV  No.  I. 

^  *****«!^rhmih«mtuik. 

P***  y "nmK4' rtn-w  Kilk  riblicd  with  ;;oM  tinnol,  harki'il  with  Bilvcr  twiHt. 

^^^ — (.'bina  phoaHiiut  lopping.    I>cg9 — A  ftimaco  hackle.     Wings — Brown 
'»»«Ml*rrf:  bUck  owtrich  head. 

lVMlv-_y,.||(,^  seal'd  fnr  rildM?d  with  silver  twist.     Tail— Sprigs  of  tippet 

•'■iii'ot  miv*:<l  with  jrljnw  macaw.    Logs — A  yellow  hackle,  at  tho  mlmnl- 

'**■'■  a  Miutlt  giiini'ii-hou  otuiueil  yellow.    Wings — Htrip«nf  swan  feather  dyed 

Sfiluw  nitJi  a  spray  ofgiiiiR'a-hen  (taJIfealher)  dyed  yt-lhm  ;  blm'k  ostrich 

)»^    Hooks  NkM.  J,  %  and  X 

J^ly— Re*l  chiret  midndr  ritibeil  with  pink  flow.  Tail— Vollow  (ag  with 
|tiivr«nf  iituiiu  ami  tipjx/t  fealbers.  Legs — A  clari't  ha<:kU'.  Wings— Slrips 
Inim  tb'' quilt-frallir-r  of  Itu-  iii;;tw    phea-Mint;    bliirk  niitrii'li  lirnd.      Huoktl 

Xm^l-tiuml  1. 

);enneba,go. 

■--'  -  *>d  pis'x  linlr  rihlMNl  with  hnwd  gold  tinsel,  backed  with  sliver  twist*] 
Ttil— A  niix'tiiii*of  hlwk  Itirkey  tipped  with  while  and  scarlet  ibis.    Lcf 

'  kh-,     Wi«!;»»— Kihers  fif  re«l  macaw  mixed  with  itriiM  of  hlacl 
I  tnrliey  tipped  with  white;  black  ostrich  head. 


112     ANIMAL  nESOURCEH  AND  FISIJIZRIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Hooks  (includins  n  full  scries  of  imnioniitetl  liook8,  of  rcoeut 
uborigmul  nmiuiiUcttirc). 

32737.  Artiflcinl  flies  for  trout,  8tiliuun,  and  bass— -Continued. 

Body — Silver  tinwl  rililiml  with  i;olil  tiriAt.     Tail — Fibemof  ChiitA  pbrna&i 

tail  laixcd  with  piintu-hon  and  rotl  nmoaw.     I^g« — A  hrilUoni  »catI 

hftckJe.     Win$:» — Mixetl  niid  tn  \tc  mndu  fiill.    Twn  striiMi  of  browu  tnrL' 

tipped  with  wliit^brown  mallard,  Chiiuk  pliroAant  tail  and  ^uinea-U'^nj 

l>I»ck  OHtrich  head.     IIoqIes  N'os.  1-0,  1,  luid  2. 

rn.  OranjfR  Grouw. 

<v.  Tliuuder  nnd  T.igbtaing. 

ep,  I^iigh  (iill. 

nj.  Lillii>. 

er.  niftck  Ant. 

f«.  Blu«  Blow. 

et.  Marc. 

rii.  Harv'0  E«r. 

er.  ItiiB. 

nr.  Seth  GreoD. 

ex.  Red  CrcepiT. 

eft.  Turkey  Brown. 

cs.  Qiieun  of  tbe  Waters. 

/a.  Governor. 

fb.  Whito  MiUcr. 

/r.  Lion. 

/rf.  AVater-witch. 

/f.  AlkiiiHoii. 

ff.  Our  Own  Putt<*m, 

/ff,  Grt'Bn  Drake,  with  water-color  sketch  of  original. 

Body — Pale  etraw-colorcd  6on  silk  ribl)r<1  Vith  brown  Kilk  tlnwul  nr 
tho  citruniities  arc  of  brown  ]ieaco4'k'B  hrrl.  Tatl — Three  rabbit's  wUI 
Wings — Made  from  a  umttlcd  ffaThcr  of  mikUord  -siuiited  a  pabi  y«>IU 
green.     Legs— A  grizzUil  ooek'd  haoklo  stained  a  yfllowi»l>  •  %\ 

same  dyo.     For  Pi-nnsylvaniA,  htHikn  Noh.  it  tu  3;  for  New  Yi.i  N'l 

4  to  6;  for  New  England,  books  Nos.  3  and  4. 

fh.  Gray  Drake,  with  water-color  sketch  of  original. 

Body — Tbe  middle  part  of  white  fl»ws  «iUc  ribbed  with  nilsrr  t"j-,i:  ibc' 
tremit  i«^«  of  brown  peai'ork's  berl.    Tail — Tbrei*  rabbil'H  w  hUkcni.    Vft 
&Iado  IVom  a  gray  mottled  featber  of  tbe  mallard.    ISiM  of  books 
green  drake. 

fi.  Orange  Dun,  with  water-color  sketeh  of  original. 

This  fly  is  equally  attrnetive  to  tmitt,  nud  is  u  prime  fbvoriti^  in  itii  day- 
end  of  June.  July,  and  August.    Ikxly^Dark  omngv  ailk.    Tall — Two 
of  bruwn  mallartl  feather.     W'ings — F'rom  tbe  quillfratber  of  thit 
xedKTOwnrd  woodpecker.     For  Pennsylvania,  bimks  Noa.01o9;  fur 
York,  houk  No.  C;  IW  New  Knglamt,  books  Nos.  &  anil  C. 

/J.  Green  Mackerel,  with  water-color  sketch  of  original. 
fk.  Brown  Mxkckerel,  with  water-color  Mcet^-h  of  original 
/I.  &Sarlow  Bue£,  with  wuter*coIur  sketch  of  urigiuaL 


IXniAL  nESOUKCES  AND  KI8HERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      113 

bUm  (Uicludiiig  a  fiiU  scries  of  iuin]ouiite<l  hooks,  of  rocout  aud 
aborigiual  znanufucturu). 

S737.  Artifidftl  llics  for  trout,  jwilinou,  ami  ba«ft— Continued. 

/■.  raJe  Evcuins  Dun,  with  walpr-folor  nkt^t^-hof  origioaL 
/i.  Jnly  Dim,  witli  wnUT-color  Hki'tch  of  ortj^iuftl. 

Iknly— MoK'h  fitr  ami  pnlc-ycllow  molmir  niixnl  anfl  iipim  on  yellow  mIIU. 
Tail— Two  or  thn-o  whiaki-ra  of  a  ilurk  duu  hiMUIc  \Vinfi»— Kmm  llu» 
<luiU-f4'a(ber  uf  a  bl««'-jfty.  L^ga — Dark  dim  liitckl'*.  For  IVniisylvaiiia, 
Kfioka  Nob.  9  to  10;  for  Xrw  York,  booki  Noa.  0  to  d;  for  Now  KngbnU, 
liaok*  NoA.  5  and  6. 

fo.  Gold-pyiNl  GAiige-ving,  with  watcr-oolor  sketch  of  original. 

/p,  Itdlf-hrr,  No.  1. 

y^.  Blue  BauKcr. 

/r.  BUck  UanpT. 

/«.  OIodH. 

Jt  CMklnttt*«  Farlnw. 

ya.  Csadleatiok  liaW^r. 

/r.  DaktT. 

yW.  Balchrr. 

^.  Btadt  uiit  TvaL 
/«.  OslacallMi. 


|4.  laqviduB. 

fc  JtAXwrU  Rungrr.     * 

frf.  Aagnat  Dim,  with  irAtor-«oIor  sketch  of  origiiUL]. 

B«4iy^BrD«xi  floM  silk  nbbrd  with  yrllow  nik  thrend.  TaO— Tiro  mliblt'a 
«hkk«n.  lK*iiig»— Festhrr  of  «  brown  hrn'a  wing.  httg»—X  dark  rttl 
kacfcle.  For  rvniuylraiilA.  hook  Ko.  8;  for  New  York,  bouk  yo,  6;  for 
Svir  KwglMid,  iiook  Xo.  0. 

Ona^  villi  iraier-oolor  skotch  <tf  nri^iuU. 

t  sUk  rilibed  with  black  eOk.  TTin^t— Dark  part  of  tbr 
%t«i  J»f  %  viae*  Legv^A  \-erj  dark  furnam  kacUc.  For  PcBBaylvaciU, 
tnhi5o>.^UlO;  for  N«w  Turk,  hooks  Ko«.  6  to  d;  fiir  Nw  EogUAil, 
teak  V*.  6. 

QaHaaon.  vitli  vatcr-color  Ak^tcb  of  original, 

b4T— rav»-c«iorcd  float  lilk  ribbnl  wilb  red  oUk  thread.  TThigB  Faattwr 
of  a  jvtkm-hnwn  heai^  jriasr  htgt—X  gingcT  borklc.  For  I*enar(v«Bl*i 
Wofc  5«^  fi;  A«  Xew  York,  book  Kow  C;  lor  Nrw  FngJaBJ,  hook  Xo.  H 

r,  Tith  wotcKolor  Ucetck  of  origiaoL 

bkM<hB««ak  wnhafnr  tonaorhnm  floM  at  tlw  ■favokkv. 

a  thA4«ai.fiBMk»ciraw«ter4en.  Lev»-Blaek  kMkle  frov 
»«aA  aia^pail  dawn  tb«  pirinHpal  part  ^T  cke  kodly.  For  PMwylTaoia, 
teifcS^e;  fhrlKa«Y4rk,hookKo.6;  ftr  9<nr  Ea^ad,  kook So.  Sl 

|L  Wliifci^4d—  Dsa,  vitk  water-calor^atek  of  ocigfauL 

■**»•■■  Air  aiixM  vHk  rcOnv  awhaii;.  tW  Oaa  «r 
I  akkJii  if  ■  fall  gji,u  kx-LL  Tnngj  Fiiim  ika  fill  fcafter  rf  a 
fevL  rw  rMa^rlToiiia,  kook  Xo.  8;  far  Vffv  T«vk,  kaak  Xo.  8; 
r  T^^t  It.  book  Xo.  <. 

S.  JL  50.  li 8 


.uiif-a.  ii^in^ns  ^si. 


3      .^. 


l**^-.— 1.-.     r- 


11      '.—  :■,.>  .''.-U'.-M-'^. 


.1    1:-*.     l.:ii:i»Hi  "?t  Fr^iioni  Jt 


f>in<-ti    t%i:<t<-il  .irifl  pl;iit«-<S 


//.;;•         '  '  ,  .  ■  -.      *     -.  .r '.- :  C  :•>  G.'    O.  H.  Mans- 

I   '■-*'■.        *    ..-.'<,; 

•'■/.'.'   'p,,..i    ........  .         ...     ^.  ]{.M»:.-L-:.:Jt  C'»..  CauTon,  M:i>^ 

.'/'.••■      :-.   ■.  \  \    -i;!    !,-(,   :,...  '.'.  :.,!•.■:, 

■/A,''t     '..*.  .iJl    f.  I.  ;.r,.         -.'.     .i/.l.. 

*',V*.:l    f.i.i..-  iinr  ■      :>«f-,  '1.   I,  .-in«i  :;  t;i],U-,   and  ^  ^lirmid.     Bra«lfi*nl  Jb 

A  nl  lion-  ,  Ito'-ldii,   .\l;i-". 
«:!.    r.iiii'li'1  (jMif;  liii'-.     firu'Moi'l  A:  Aiithoiiy,  Boston, 


tSraUL  RE80UBCES  A^O)  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      115 

(twilled  nnd  plaited). 

Hues. 

95C86.  nanl-braia  linen  lines.    (It-oS;  GOxoniscwl^)    G.  H.UaiufieJa  &. 

Co.,  CniiUfn,  MantH. 
SSCU.    Soriea  nf  Itnuili'*!  linen  flsh-1in«4.     (50  yurds.)    G.  K.  MaiiA6elit  &. 

Co.,  Cnntoii,  Ma6». 
S3<>12.  UufFii  tUli-lincti.    J.  &  8.  AJlon,  WalpoW,  M&ss. 
99613.  Ltnrti  tiHb-liuef<.  " 

9S61K  Linen  (ish-Uucs.  '* 

SG63r.  Liucu  boM-linc.     (000  feet.)    BnuUbnl  &  AnCliouy,  Boatoo,  Ml 


mUm*A. 


Cotton  fiqli-lini>»,    {00  tcet  hank. )    L.  CrauUnll  &  Co.,  .VsbuwAy,  R.  I. 

l\)ttiin  Itxli-liutie.     (50  feot  sbitnid,  Iftiil.)  " 

CncUm  nHli-lin<'A.     (QS-fAtboni  hawHcr.)  " 

Cotton  fl.«b-line8.     (1-l-fatbom  hawser.)  *' 

Kbtbing'lint^  No.  3.    (Sen-Ubmd  tly-line. )  J.  W.  Dresser,  CaatlnCr  Me. 

Finbin^-liuo,  No.  G. 

Fishing-line,  No.  5, 

Ki^bin|;-hne,  No.  C. 

FiNhiug-lioo,  No.  6. 

Fishiii^-liiit*,  No.  7. 

KiHbinc-Iine,  No.  7. 

n^binj5-Iinc,  No.  8. 

FiRhiug-hne,  No.  9. 

Fiflbing-linci,  No.  9. 

Fiitbing-linca,  No.  7,  8,  and  9. 


(Oohirn  mru-kerpl,  oibnl.) 
(Gohlen  uifi4:kcrol,  oiU^d.) 

(OohUm  nt&«kcrel,  while.) 

(White.) 

(Golden  raaokcrcl,  oiled.) 

(Golden  njuckerolf  oiled.) 


J.  W.  Vivmor,  Ca«tine.  Mo 


(Sea-side  cotton  chalk-linis  white,) 

(U  fathuois,  bawaer-lsid.)     J.  W.  Dres^T, 

(24  fathoms  long,  hawser-laid.) 

I^  Crandull  & 


f.K). 


Fitthing-lint*,  No.  10. 

Catiline,  Me. 
MHhlng-HriP,  No,  II.     (Bhu'fwh.) 

,T.  W.  Dn?«cr,  CoAtine,  Me. 
Tarrrd  cottim  tiKbing-liucs.     (i^fathom  shroud.) 

Co.,  A-tlmway,  It.  I, 
Cotton  riftliiuK-lini^H.     (50  foet  iihroad,  laid.)     L.  Crandall  &.  Co., 

Asluiway,  K.  1. 
GoIdi'H  tniick«<rul  linen  of  OBSorled  sizes.     Modo  from  pnro  Sco-Islaud 

eoltoit.     .1.  W.  PresfkT,  CuMiue.  5fe. 
BiuidMl  trottou  tinhing-liuM.     (>.  IL,  Mauttflcld  Sl  Co.,  Canton,  Mohi. 
ScO'-Iidnnil  eolton  mackerel-Une<».    UraUitmldE:  Anlhouy,  Boston,  Moati. 
Water^prrxtf  hniidiil  ilNh-tim-^     (J)  to  G.J     O.  H.  MouHlield  &.  Co., 

Canton,  Muhs. 
Fishiug-liue.     Northwet-t  r.oa'it  of  America.     G.  (iibba. 


^^  lulebom*  Unea. 


mX  Whal' 


>  lino.     Andrreon  Rivfr  Intlinnn.     Andenon  Slver. 
iiun  with  booUs.     Eskimo.     Andr<non  Klver.     K.  M.ac- 


iioii«  Uji&     Arctic  coast,     B.  R.  Ro6s, 


116      ANIilAL  nESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UKITED  STATES, 

Lines  (tMiated  and  plaited). 

Hide  ])nes. 

873T.  FiHlung-liiH'  mnde  of  Mal*flkin.    Malileuiut  Fjikimn.    W*.  H.  BalL 
6785.  Fiahing-lino  made  of  senl-flldn.      Knviakcmot  Kakinio.      tii 

Harbor,  AlaakA.    W.  H.  DuU. 
8786.  FiaUmg-liDo  mode  of  aeol-tkiu.    UaA]e«t  Eskimo.      St.   Mlcbi 

Alaska.    W.  H.  Dalt. 
1GR14.  Harpuon-Uao.    Nuuivnk  Island,  Alaak*.    W.  H.  Dall. 
1^17.  Harpooa-liiie.     Made  of  tildzi  of  young  ifalnitf.     Alaska,     H.  WJ 

Elliott. 
49376.  UurpooU'Unc  uutde  of  seol-tikiiu    Rev.  Jiuuw  Curly. 

Bark  lines. 

a06&&.  FiHbuig-liuo  iu»<lo  of  cedar  bark.    IkOla  BfOln,  B.  C.     J.  G.  8vran. 
SUS'H^  Fii4lLin;;-UDe  TQodcof  Bpmceroot'fibors.     Hunnngon  ludiaus.     I*nu( 

of  Wuluft  IftloudBf  Alaftka.    J,  G.  Swan. 
SGdZl.  Uan>w°'^^j  cedar  bark.    Makoli  Indians.    J.  G.  Svrau. 

Kelp  lines. 

656*  FishtDg-llnoa  of  sea-weed.    (NenoeifftU  lutkeana,)    Northwest 

of  Amcriptt.    G.  Gibba. 
GfiGI.  Fi»U-lineofkvlp.    (Xcreoci/ftis  tutkeana.)    \Vithhn[ibut-ho»kii.     Hat^ 

didi  Indians.    l*nuce  of  Wales  Archipelago.    Dr.  T.  T.  Mknar. 
10G2.  Fiah-liiip.    {XrreoctfsHa  lulktana.)    Northwest  coast.     Uimiu  J. 
Vrhite. 
S6dl6.  Ualibnt-Uncofkelp.    {yerroey$(l$  lutkc^ma.)    Mokali  Indlaas.    Xf 

Bay.  W,  T.    J.  G.  Sivan. 
26810.  FiAh-line  of  kidp  with  halibnt-hooks.     Clyoqnot  Imlious,     Vaai 
ver'a  Islnud.    J.  G.  Swan. 

(AccESBOHV.)    Apparatus  fob  xwiSTHfo  lines 

!!!»nood!»,  leaders,  and  trares. 

"Cat-gnt"  (sheep)  snoods  and  lea<lcrs. 

Silkworm  grnt  snoods. 

Flax  snoods. 

Gimp  snoods. 

Wiix?  snoods. 

Hooks  mounted  on  leaders. 


SJ540.  Kinsey  trout-houk8.     (Ticil  to  gut.)    Bradford  &  Aittltoa;^  B««ti 

Mass. 
Ii5&4ti.  Aberdeen  hooks.    (Tied  togiU.) 
35543.  Ho1Iow-]Hiint  LiniiTit-k  hookH. 

Anthony,  Boston,  &Ia!iui. 
25544,  Hulluw-puiut  Limerick  hui>kH. 

Anthony,  DoAton,  Mom. 
S5M&.  Hollow-point  Limerick  books. 

thony,  BoHtou,  Mass. 
S&540.  Carlisle  books.     (Tied  to  gimp.) 


Bradford  &  Autbony,  BcMtmi,  Ui 
(Ti«d  to  double  giit.)    Bradlocd 

(Ticdtotwist«dgnt.>    Brwllbnl 

(Tied  to  ginip.)    Bnulfoml  A 


SJESSSV.  UolIow-jKiint  LimiTtck  trout-hooks. 

ihouy,  BuHtou,  MasH. 
3S&41.  Xt*w  York  bai»-h<H>ks.    (Ticdtogni.) 

Moss. 


BradCctnl  A.  Antboay,  DmIoii,  Mj 
iTlodlogiit^}    JilnMlfant& 


BradfoT«l  A  Anibooy, 


I 


AXIMAL  BEfiOURCEfl  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.     117 

tkenu 

Sittkeci  and  swireK 

-^.  Sinkoniradeirivela.    Forfi«liiDg-line«.   Bradford  &AulboDy,Bo8tuu, 

*  UaM. 
99006.  8eri««  of  Binltfn  na^'d  in  fishiog  for  cod  and  tnotog.    Newport  modold. 

J.  M.  K.  Swilhwitk.  NewiMirt,  K.  I. 
85607.  Jlaud-Unc  eitUccrA.    Hhcxiu  Iidiind  and  Eastern  Connecticnt.    A.  K. 

Crittcndwi. 
95710.  Cod-liue  diiikcf.    Centrnl  Wliarf  Company,  ProvincctowD,  Mass. 
SH&O.  CiMl-lcml  mold.     Usf^d  to  make  form  in  molding.    John  Tl.  Pan»orutf 

Hockport,  Mum. 
15r*0l.  Sinki-r  niftdc  of  wftlnu  ivory.    Fomoox  Eskimos,  Alaska.     H.  W. 

Elliott. 

Not-einkrrs.    Wilcox,  CriH«ttdcn  &.  Co.,  MJddlotovn,  Coun. 
Not-ringa  or  sinkers.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  &  Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Primitive  nrt-Ktukcra.     U»cd  ill  Welltlect,  MuNt.     Ke-well  B.  Kifli, 
WpllUcf^t,  MiwH. 
9&800.  Mi'idiudc'ii-iit-t  stukers  (old  stylv).    yonnerly  nsed  about  Beverly  and 

8«lpm,  Ma«8,    Geui^e  15.  FuNtcr,  Ikvtrly,  ^In<B. 
SSC03.  Seuusainkcn.    Newport  mudtl.    J.  M.  K.  buiithwick,  Newport,  I{.  I. 

renders. 

Cliop«tickj9. 

One-anueU  cboj^ticks  or  "revolving  booms.'' 


Liue-flotittt  of  M'ood,  cork,  and  quill. 

SMGl.  Eitg-elmjiwl  ilnalM.    Wm.  M.  Young,  Pbiludt-'lpUin,  Penn. 
25660.  Barpel-ahapnd  floats, 

t.  Simki'-hcwl  floats.  "  " 

Qnill  tloata.  "  ** 

Seine  flouts  of  cork,  vrood,  glass,  and  rubber  hibing. 

25C»T.  ft-inc-ciirkd.     Via^l  at  Newport,  R.  I.    J.  31.  K.  8uuthwlck»  Newport, 
R.  I. 

Ilarpoon-floiits  of  bladder,  intlatc<I  skin,  and  wood. 

30^96.  S<-aI-nkiu  buoy.     Sitka  AliiMkn.     J.  0.  Snait. 

UCfi.  SfAl-aLiii  bqiiy.     Mtikiib  liidinns.     Piigi-t  .'^onnd.     J.  G.  Swnii. 
V.K*\:>,  M.i.I-HUin  butty,     Nortb  (iriTuIiind.     (J.  V.  Nickrmou. 
iBVtH.  Si'ikl  fikin  bni»y.     (Uocd  in  wbalc  fij«bcnc».)    Clyoquot  Indi-ins,  Van* 

louvor'n  liiljuid.    J.  G.  iSwan. 
JKttirt.  Sonl-iikin  bnoy.    (lT»d  in  v,  linln  tihherice.)    Cly<M|iiot  Indland,  Voa- 

roHvt>rV  Inland.    J.  G.  Swan. 
«(B04.  BraVH  blaiblrr  Imoy.     HcUn-  Itolls,  B.  C.    J.  O.  Bwan. 
*iT,  iV7t\  Soabftkiii  bimy  wilb  rojw.    Mukab  IndfAua.    Nerab  Bay,  Paget 
Son  ml.  W.  T.    J.  G.  Swan. 

1  otbcr  doaU  for  lobster-potH,  gill-nttt-s,  &r. 


251M12.  Halilmt-gaiigo.     ^bowtog  mode  nf  ftkstetihig  nn  the  liook. 

CrittendPiL 

2fl457.  Sbork-hortk  nwivt^l.  Wilcox,  Crit1«iidpzt  ^  Ca.^  Middlctowo,  C^Bii.  , 
^306.  PriiBitive  (nikwl-buoy  awivela.  Gtvorge  B.  Fii»ttrr,  BcvprliTr  Ujm.  , 
SOJv'd,  IlAllluit  tmwl-liiiDy  iSwiveL     1%h1  by  \h^  (<iwirgv'b  Baiiki  fliljfliML 

^ViiiAua  Taylor^  Pntviiicet'Ofmi  M:ci«h. 
29498.  Trais'l-liuoy  ^wivils.    Al«x.  ili-Cuni.v,  East  Glortt>Mter,  Mam. 
^Vft,  Traw]'buqyr<;>i»oBwiveL  WiIros,Ci'itltnMK'M&  Ci>.,Miil*UeluwD,CiBL| 
2594li  Tntwl-biioj  rLf|ie  swivt'L     <Je'U[jnil  Wliurf  CtJioiutuj",  rnrrUweton.  < 


Clear!  II  ;?-riiig«. 


h 


29435.  Trawl-fOieftvQ  bn^liing.     Samuel  Elwcll,  Jr,,  Glotie^ster,  Mn 
.  Halibut  '*  gob^itiek."    Pliilip  ^lercbtiut,  Glouwvtw,  M«<* 


V.  NETS. 

ENTAiN'GLDfC-NETS. 

Meiillllls^ttctM  (ciitanglui^if  in  hi^sLck). 

XBHmer-netM, 
Ttabbit-iiGta,  used  by  lniliuuH  of  the  Sontbwest. 

V\-VU-  linlifiiiH,  South*'™  I'tiib.     Mfij.  J,  W.  Powrll. 
14500.  Small  rabbit-net.  Pi-Ute  Indians,  Sonthem  Utah.  Ui^.  J.'W.Powel 
11245.  Small  rabbit-net.  "  "  " 

12058.  SmaU  rabbit-net.  "  "  " 

12051,53.  Large  rabbit-uet.  "  "  " 

11247.  Largo  rabbit-uet.  "  u  .        u 

14430-31.  Large  rabbit-net.  "  "  « 

14401-2-3.  Large  bunt  net  (for  rabbits).  "  " 

19049.  Rabbit-net.  Cooyuwee  Pi-Ute  Indians,  Sonthem  Utah.  Stephc 
Powere, 
These  nets  are  nned  largely  in  the  capttire  of  rabbits  for  food;  they  a 
stretched  in  long  lines  by  means  of  slender  crotelied  sticks  frhioh  snppo 
the  tip]H'r  edge.  The  chaparral  is  then  scoured  for  miles  by  the  Indioi 
on  horseback  and  on  foot,  and  the  rabbits,  which  are  reiy  abnndant 
the  sage-bruHh,  are  driven  into  the  meshes  of  the  nets.  The  species  t^ 
captured  are  the  sago-hare  {LepuH  stfhaticus  var.  artoHtn'w),  and  the  mn 
or  Jackass  bare  (Lepua  callotis). 

Bird  inesli-nets. 

Gill-net. 

Gill-nets  used  in  Great  Lakes. 

25751.  Model  of  Lako  Michigan  gill-net.     Scale:  Depth,  I  Inch  to  the  foe 
length,  i  of  inch  to  the  foot.  ^J.  W.  Milner. 
Tlio  gill-nettiug  in  nse  on  the  Great  Lakes  is  knit  from  llm-u  thma 
two  and  three  ply  (2i>-4,  2-cord,  and  30-50,  3-Gord),  ihjm  eleven  tutwoidl 


^ilDUL  BEB0URCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UKITED  STATES.     119 

Moldplyiiig  reels  for  bass  fishing,  with  or  without  check. 

i5&74,  Gcmau'dlvor  nsliing-n'ol.  Maltiptyiug;  2&  yards.  Bradford  dc 
Autbiiny,  BiMttoo,  Miw% 

%S!\l,  Hani  hiIjIkt  tront-ftHhiug  reel.  Multiplying;  GO  yanU.  Itradforil 
dt  AutU<iny,  BostuD,  Mo^s. 

VS&(H,  Bnuw  rinliing-rfH-l.  Multiplying  srup  and  plate.  Brrulford  Jk  Au- 
tfauDy»  BoHtoHf  Mow. 

115573.  Bnua  fUliii]g-n.''uI.  Maltiplying  drag;  60  yards,  Bradford  &.  An- 
thony, It^iatun,  Miwo. 

S957?.  Gi'nmiTi-nilviTr  ItHhing-reel.  StiH^I  pivot,  multiplying  drag,  300  yarda. 
Ili-n^lfofd  &,  Anthonyi  Bovton,  JAaan. 

2jo7!*.  Colltiloid  t)>)biiig-re4.'l.  With  nmltiplyiug  click  and  extra  spool. 
Brwlfunl  Jk  Anlliouy,  Btwtuu,  Mum. 

Trawl-Uiie  rollerH. 

2543a,  TrawJ-nillcr  or  Imulvr.     Provlncctowu  stylo.     Audrt'w  KcinK'uy, 

Fnivincetown,  Musa. 
2M34.  lYuwI-rnncr  or  banler.     Cape  Ann  ntyle.     Saunicl  ElwoU,  Jr.,  Glou- 

rpfitcr,  MtiHA. 
ttlSS.  Tniwl-rollrr  and  oyo-plnt^'.     First  n^'d  by  Provineolown  finlicnncn. 

AmoAa  Taylor.  Provincetoirn,  Mam. 
IM45.  Imprnrrd  trawl- roller  and  aockct.    AniaM  Taylor,  Provincvtuwn, 

Mow, 
867'J7.  Trawl-roller.    I'immI  t"  linnl  in  trawle  orer  Ihe^  aidw  of  dor)'.    Allen 

L.  M'Donald,  GlouceatiT,  Moha. 
.  Tmwl-winch.    Gloucester,  Mass.    G.  Droivn  Goodc 

Dl^g^Une  ToUers. 
Seint-wiudI  asses. 

^  lAali'inftn*8  Hnc-tub. 

*^  r.L".  8oTinilioi{-linP  nn-l.     U.  8.  Fish  CuinniiHaion. 

3fSU0>l,  Hui-]HHMi-lint«  and  tub.  I'ned  in  uliaJc-boat.  J.  H.  ThomaoD,  Kew 
Botlfurd,  Itaas. 

Tu!»  for  trawl-line.    (Soe  nnder  Trawl,) 

SBW8.  CratHlinP  r**-l.  Uiicd  In  Kowport,  R  I.  J.'M.  K.  Boutbwick,  New- 
iwri.,  U.  1. 


I 


S«n©-rwla, 


»t 


1.    Tlinr  pi(To/i;  oi^h  and  UomU<ani;  brua  moaotLcg. 
tV  Aiilbouy,  IbiHtun,  Haas. 


120     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FrSOERItS  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

25501.  GenenU  f)ahlii);-ro<1.    NinepiixwA;  Gcnnnn-Ailrer  xnoanting.    Bi 

ford  &  Autiioiiy,  BoHtuti,  Mua. 
SQ600.  Gt'neral  llnliin^-nxl.     Bix  pieces;  ash  nn<]  laurcwood  ;  Ocrman-ali 

inountiu^.     UradfnnI  Sc  Anthony,  IIoaUdi,  Moaa. 
26890.  Tmnk-rod  of  iptenhoiut :  five-joinUMi,  with  extra  fmirtli  piece 

tip,  ttuviui  picei'.s  in  all;  weight,  fi  02.;  Irngth,    11   firrt  (i  inrii 
•  Thaddens  Norri«,  I'hilodclphla,  Pa. 
S5613.  Gudgeon-rod.    Tlireo  jiii-ccti;  atth  aad  lionihoam;  bmm  tnoimtiiifl 

common.     Brndford  &.  Anlhouy,  BomIou,  Mnw«. 
S&510.  Common  pickcrtil-nxl.     Four  piccea.     Briulfurd  &.  Autiiottyr  Bovtii 

Mass. 
25S0U.  Bait*rod  for  front.    Four  pEeoca;  common.    Bradford  A  Antiunj'J 

BoAton,  Muiw. 
35513.  Jointed  rod.     Fonr  joiniA,  oxtm  tips,  tie  guldofl;  nuule  of  Cult 

bamboo;  fall  mounted  in  braaa.    Bradford  &  Anthony, 

Mass. 
3^08.  Common  bo«-rod.    Foor  piooe«;  broM  monntod.     Brjwlford  A 

thouy,  Boston,  Maaa. 

25496.  Light  ba^-md.    Fonrpieooa;  extra  top;  oah  And  laucvw-ood;  ' 
inan-eilrDr  monntiug.    Bradford  &  Anthony,  Boafm.  Haaa. 

25497.  Btisa-nid.    Four  pice^tt  and  cxtm  top  for  Boti-liKhiiig ;  ash  and  lane 
voo<1 ;   (terninu-ttilver  mounting ;  Jcwolwl  tip.      Bnutftinl  4e 
thony,  BnMton,  Moak. 

S5496.  Sca-bnfi.s  rod.    Aab  butt  joint,  bamboo  middio  joint,  lonci^ir. 

double  giddes,  jowtdud  ;  tlcnn  on -silver  motintiiig;  jov  1 

Brmlford  &■  Anthony,  Boston,  Mitss. 
25499.  Bliick-boMS  rod.      Four   jtifceA  ntid  two    extra  tap<i;    tfi\i%    U 

boo;   Gcman-ailver  mounting.     BrwUord  A  Anthony, 

MasB. 
95502.  Fly-rod.     Thrco  piccca  and  extrn  top;  cedar  and  tiylii  bambtHLJ 

Bnulfonl  &.  Anthony,  Boatoii,  Mawi. 
255W,  Fly-rod.    Thrt*  piece*  and  extra  top;  oxtrft  middle  Joint;  haaalMl 

tip  e&ao ;  a«h  and  laucowoiMl ;  Gtinnan-aliv«r  mvuntEnj^.    BnuUbdl ' 

&  Autbooy,  Boston,  Mara. 

55505.  Fly-rod.     Four  pieces  and  extra  top;  anh  and  hiocrwoijd;  G«nu»a-j 
ailvermounting.     Brwlford  Vk  Anthony,  Boston,  Mom. 

36887.  Salmon-rod  of  grtTulmin.  four-jointrd  In  t-irdarruse,  with  evtm  ihtl 
piecR  and  tip ;  Wf^ight,  30  o£. ;  Imgth,  17  foot  3  iurhrs.    Tha<ltli 
NorriH,  Philadelphia,  Va, 

S5603.  tly-HMl  for  trout.    Three  jiiwn)  and  extra  (op;  apHi  banibo*; 
muu-tfilver  muuiitiug.     Bradford  &  .\ntbuny,  Boston,  IkCaaiL 

55506.  Ti'out-rod.     Four  ])i(>cea  and  extra  top ;  onh  and  li)ncewotHl ; 
rUvot  mounting ;  agate-lined  tips.    Bradford  &.  Anthony^ 
Mass. 

95507.  6almnu>rod.    Four  piecu  and  extra  topn;  luuuboo  top-ema«;  0^ 

loucowood;  Germon-fiilvcr  tuonuting.    Bnulfotil  A,  Aittliooy, 

ton,  Mai^A. 
25887.  The  **Co]d  Brook,"  !i<dUiw,  fly-rod.     (Patented  June  42, 18:  > 

Graven,  8priiigticld,  Mnm. 
33886.  Tlie  **Cold  BnM.k,"  hnllnw,  Kiltnin 

plutvd,  with  ttHd  showing  un  tf\ 

June  S3,  l£f75.)    J.  L.  Qravea,  Bpnngtield, 


RESOCfiCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.      121 


Tbe  following  ara  tlie  lulvftntA^^  claimed  by  Mr.  Oraves  for  hU  new 
l<Dd«: 

"1.  The UneUconcenlefl  and  cannot  be  canght  in  nntlerbnisliorbraochee. 
3L  T!iP  Mtmin  on  fh*'  nxl  is  oqnulizwl  tUnniKli  the  nitirc  Icii^b. 
3.  Tlitrrc  id  uo  Irirtion  thn>ii(;b.  rings  or  guidi'i}  except  uu  the  tip. 
•I.  Thw  slrenutli  of  tbe  rwl  w  gnwitly  incrensed. 
^  'lliv  wi'igbt  of  tho  rod  is  diminished. 
fl.  Tbp  wet  line  ia  irtit  njclod  up  to  decay. 
7.  The  rod  goes  nndor  the  brnah  •vrhero  tbe  big  tront  lie. 
J,       8.  It  ftddfl  grrntly  to  the  comfort  and  pleojiuro  of  *tho  gentle  art.'" 
VBSL  Plulii  fly-nxi.     Propeily  of  .1.  A.  Nichols,  Syracuse,  N.  V,     CoQ- 

tiibnted  liy  Kor«"J*t  A  Stream  Piihlisluug  Cumpiiiiy. 
SOGG^.  Bfttt-riMl.     Pniperty  of  J.  A.  Nichols,  Syraruee,  N.  V.     Contributed 

by  Funvfi  A;  .Stream  I'ublifihlng  Coin[>any. 
S0G63.  B«lt-rod.     Pn)perty  of  J,  A.  Nichols,  Syraciiae,  X,  Y.     Contributed 

by  Fon-rtt  A  Stream  Publirthing  Company. 
SSnS.  Engllitb  tly-rods.     Prt»perty  of  J.  A.  Nichola,  Syraciwo,  N.  Y.     Con- 
tributed liy  forest  A  Stream  Publishing  Company. 
90707.  Ko«l'Case.     Pi-oi^oity  of  J,  A.  NJelioln,  Syriicnae,  N.  Y.    Omtributed 

by  Forest  &  Stream  Ptibli.shing  Company. 
$£/^etL  SpUt  bamboo  tront-r<jd.     11}  feet.     U.  L.  Leonard,  Bangnr,  Me. 
M0CO.  Split  bamlHto  r*n\.     Property  of  J.  A.  NirhnlH,  SyraeUMi,  N.  Y.     Con- 

tributol  by  Foreat  &.  Stn*am  Publiahing  Company. 
998^  Extra  gnx'idieart  trout-rod  I  cedar  ease;  three-jointed^  with  one  extra 
uiiddk'  and  two  extra  ti^kB,  six  pieces  in  all;  \reigbt,  @  ox.;  length, 
13  fe4*(.     Tliatldoun  Xorris,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
SCSSO^  Bciit  and  glued  hambfN>  tront-riMl  in  cedar  case,  vith  one  extra  mid- 
dle and  two  extra  tipK,  nix  piecea  in  all;  weight,  Sox.;  lengthy 
Vi  feet.     Thnddeiis  N<irri«,  l^biladelphia,  Pa. 
plain  iritut^rod  of  greenheart ;  thnoe-jointed,  with  extra  middle  and 

itp.  live  piecv8;  weight,  ti  oi.;  length,  .    Thaddeu^  Norris, 

PhiUdelpbia,  P». 

S5891.  Split  bamlHio  jtrilse-riMl.     14  feet.     U.  L.  I.£oiiard,  Bangor^  Me. 
S56B3.  itplit  hanilMio  salmon-rod.     10  fe«t.  '"  " 

SSSeM.  IMeco  of  liamboo.     Showiug  Hpliting  procvsH  in  cunatmction  nf  roibi. 

It.  L.  IxHmurd,  Bjingor,  Me. 
3&98L.  Piece  nf  bainlHxi.     Shoving  gluXng  procen  in  construction  of  nxlu. 

II.  L.  Leonard,  Bangor,  Me. 
2M91.  Chapman'^  eombination  troUiiig-polo.    Hnrpoon-linc  holder  and  cane. 
W.  D.  Cliapmaii,  Tiieresa,  N.  Y. 


iTfli 


'iT-TW.  Ilom  ctnl'line  8wl\eb  Much  naed  in  olden  time  by  Grand  and 
Oi-orge'o  Itauks  flwhcrmcu.    George  B.  Foster,  Beverly,  Sla&s, 

8SM&.  CwMine  swivel.    Ct^ntral  Wharf  Company,  Gloucester,  Mans. 

M017.  Cod-Unu  gange-awivel.     A.  11.  Crittenden,  Middletown,  Cimn. 

SMi-<t.  Patent  gange-BWiveb  Used  in  cod-fishing.  Central  Wliarf  Com- 
pany, Olonei'ster,  Man. 

SMM.  C(Hl-gaiigii  nwivel.  Showing  mode  of  fastening.  Lemuel  Cook,  2*1, 
^-  ■         -.,  Maw. 

2£Ui^.  II  wivrl.     Showingniodo  of  fastening.    Lemuel  Cook, 

.wn,  MaHA. 

HQCM.  V  •  1.     Udcd  uu  cod-liuo,    Capt.  E.  L.  Eowe^  GIouc«st«r| 

Ma«. 


122      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATE! 


$wivel«t. 


20457. 

99470. 

29496. 
25187. 

25Mti. 


Hiililiut-giirige.     ShuvriDg  mode  of  foftUtiuiig  OD  the  ImwI 

CrittemU'n. 
SU.irk-hook  iiwiveL    Wilcox,  Crittvndon  &  Co.,  MUliUrtoi 
Priuulivc  trnwl-buoy  •wi%'rl8.     0(H>ri;t*  B.  FoiU'r»  H*'vcrl>, 
Ilfitibiit  tr«uI-bno.v  swivi-l.     ITtwil  by  tbe  Gwirgr'n  Iluiikii  llnbrri 

Amiua  Taylor,  ProviHMtown,  Muwu 
Trawl-lmoy  swiveU.     Alex.  McC'-unly.  Kiwt  (ilnact-'sler,  Mt 
Trawl-buoy  rojieavri vol.  WUcox^CnttunilruA:  Co.^MiddlctirwS^ 
Trawl-buoy  rope  swivel.     Central  Whurf  Couipuny,  lYovii 

Mom. 


Clr.iriiig^-ring'A. 


294!t5.  Tniwl-Aheftve  Imshiug.    Samiiol  Elwell,  Jr.,  Gloncester, 
.  Hftlibut  "  golHSticlc/'    Philip  Mi*rcbaut,  (]louce0tcr,  H» 


V.  NETS. 

Entanglino-nbts. 
I?loshing'«ne<«  (cntnuKliii^'  in  meshes). 

t  Barriernets* 
Ruhhit-m^ts,  used  by  Intliuus  of  tbo  SoutUwcftt. 

M4<li>-<V-7-*=LO-HVll-ia-l3-l4-1&-lG-17-lr*-ia-aO-ai.       8tiiall 

Pi-T'tp  Imlians,  8oiithL-n»  TlUh.     Mnj.  J.  W.  PiiwrlL 
14500.  Siimllnibbit-not.   Pi-Cte  Imlians^SoatlwrnUtuli.  Mi^.  J. 
Iia45.  .Stuwil  nvbbit-iu't.  '*  •* 

12(»5H.  Siimll  riibbit-ui't.  '•  " 

l«(>51,rj3.   LariJi'  mbbil-uot.  "  " 

11247.   UirKc  rabbit-iicU  "  " 

144:ift-:il.   Lrtrjicrahbit-not.  '*  " 

144U1--2-;}.  LiiTiic  bunt  m-t  (for  rabbitJi).  "' 

19049.  Knbbit-hvt.     Co»yiiwe»  Pi-t'te  Indintin,  8oatlioni  Utah. 
Powers. 
Tli^'W  iti*tn  art*  urmI  largi'ly  in  thr  ca]>tfirp  itf  rftM>lt»  for  fooil; 
Btrrtcbctl  iti  Um;;  linca  by  nioatu  uf  Hlrndvr  cmlibtMl  stivkit  \ifait'l 
the  uitjKT  ciljcc     The  cbnpnrrnl  is  thru  Ht'ourvil  for  mi]nii  by 
on  bonw'bAck  ami  on  ftiot,  ami  tbr  mlibith,  Mbieb  am  vrry  atiitudaii 
tbt*  ttn^c-brudb.  aru  tlrivcii  iittu  the  iiit-tibivi  nf  iho  net*.     Tli' 
I'ajiturrd  air  th<r  sago-harr  {Lepuf  cyfroftciM  vnr.  arUimUltr),  : 
or  Jarkiwa  luire  (Lcpus  catlolit). 

IMrtl  mosU-nets. 

Gill-net. 

Gill-netA  uficd  in  Credit  LtiUes. 


S5751.  MihIcI  of  Liiko  Mitlii^rtui  j^ll-iiet. 
Irnglb,  I  i>f  iiicb  (>*  Ibi'  fiMit.    ^J 
Tht>  giU-ni'ltiiit;  in  uw  uii  tbf  lin-at   i 
two  niul  ihrt'c  ply  ('25-4,  S-oonl,  niul  'JO- 


•tb.  1  ludi 


AXnOL  BES0CRCK8  AND  FISUKRIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      123 


•liini;*arlii  (entangling  in  mesho^s). 
(ifll-nets  iwo»l  in  lUv  Greut  Lakoi). 

two  mrHLi-M  in  ilppth,  3-J  tnG  iiit-Ii  inrsh.  Thoncta  wheu  liung  or  mounted 
for  UMP  (^tutivlii  I'ltMii  ni)i<  U*  (IihM^  tHHiiMlH  of  W4*lilitnj;,  uml  rnngn  in  longtli 
from  OU  to  tlK)  yunlj!),  udiI  in  driitli  fn>Di  4{  to  6  feet.  Tbey  aru  not  iu 
{»))!*>  ttf  from  three  lo  flvi-  uvta,  and  tlireo  to  live  f;au^  arc  laid  ont  in 
oufM-itln^  iisniill.v  by  iiid*if  8uin34>ntHorMtvami.'ni.  (Svvniodulaof  Macki- 
Mw  lu>n)  tMiit  luki.' tcill-i>*-t  ett'iuncr. ) 

\  -^  llir  iippiT  Uni',  nHinrlurortng'mtt!  lloutsuriMirk,  oTM-ooden 

Iiii  1-  tuo  iind  oii4>'liair  fet'l  in  lt'ny;lli.  nro  uw-tl.     .SiiikcrH  tin-  of 

lowl  or  «iuiir.  Tilt*  nvU  nrt*  wx  in  fVf>m  20  to  1(KJ  fiithoiun  of  'wnter,  tlio 
lnod-Iiar  renting  niKHi  tin;  botrom.  Tbcy  are  taken  out  onuc  a  wevk  and 
ilrie*!. 

TIii?y  orr  ohhI  principally  for  tho  napturo  of  rbn  whitoiiiUi  (Corvgonut 
mtbm*f  tfc).  and  the  luko  iront  (Saimo  namaifcutift),  tbongh  most  of  the  com- 
lUQU  laki*  littbi**  are  taken  in  tbef»i>  meshea.  B(*a-lalund  cotton  (3.4.5,  and 
Cthnrod)  in  Win^  largely  8n1iHliliit<-4l  for  linen  in  their  nuinufaeture. 

TIw  irel^Ul  of  the  iwlue  pn-ferriHl  by  flahtnuen  varies  in  ilifl'erent  locali- 
tlcA,  that  umnl  in  <.fii<4>ii  Ituy  iK-in;;  the  lini-st.  that  in  Luke  Krio  next, 
ttivn  Lakt-:4  Miehi;;an  and  Sn[»erinr,  and  heavifnt  in  Luke  Hnron.  Lnko 
Oiitiirio  eontmn)i's  u1»ont  5,(HK)  poundH  of  uettiii;;  annually,  Lrie  7,&0<), 
Humn  C.(XMi,  Miebigan  'H>,im,  Green  Uay  '^r>)M).  ami  Luko  f<nperior5,(MW. 
The  ogj^rcgitte  Ifn^tb  of  iliin  netting  is  ]>rubul)ly  ulM>nt  i,^>7o,W0  yonls. 

8lw«  ami  JioninK  pH-nc'ts. 

t'v^l  in  tli»'  Orfnt  Lukr-tn  in  the  cnpturr  of  lUo  sisco  {Salmo  n«ovtrtfO  and  (lio 
takf  hirriii;;  { ArfjjfntmimuK  clupri/urmijt). 

'TlirtM'  lu'tnarr  bnn(;»nd  net  lik*-  the  whitcfirth-npt«previonAlyde«cribod. 
Tlii-y  ur»'  knit  from  linm  thread  (35-00,  fl-conl)  3()  to  40  nimhrs  in  depth, 
and  *H  to  5  tnrh  ineMh.  Altont2f50l>  pnauda  are  annually  eouHHiued.  chiefly 
sliuut  f9tH-ket*F4  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  and  Lukes  Huron  ami  MicUigaa.  (K.  U. 
Trench. ) 

AwhoTtil  i;ill-net4. 

r»«l  on  tho  i'oa>.t  fironi  rn|>e  C'imI  to  Cape  Hattt-ru*  in  the  capture  nftlteblne- 
fiih  i  J*omattrotu*  Mlttttrijr). 

'Tbe*e  net«  are  knit  fromeottont'n-ine«(  12-18  thread.  ^  patent),  and  ar^ 
7ft  to  I'Hi  fathoniK  in  h-nKfli,  and  ^  to  UiM  in<«b<'fl  In  depth,  from  4i  U>  6 
turh  me^h.  Thf^y  are  heavily  letided  nud  niiehorml  with  ]ead>liue  on  tbr 
buctain-,  off-<Jjon*,  in  fraui  IlJ  to  £0  lulboius  of  water.  They  are  rhietly 
tiirtl  by  New  York  lUhiiig  veMtdit;  proWdy  l^OOrinr  more  are  in  tt»eon  the 
Cf)a«(.  Iu  tho  winter  Mraaon  the  fmhin;;  vetwH!)!)  follow  the  bluelbh  a»  i'nv 
Miuth  OS  C'n|>e  Hattenui.    (E.  B.  French.) 

^(»^ltortrnp  giU-notH. 
L*«wl  iiu  tlie  <^ift»l  of  >"ew  Jersey  in  tlie  capture  of  tho  8puiiah  mackerel 
iCjfbium  maf-utattim),  &c. 

"Tbc^e  nela  art*  {Nfuliar  in  nlinpe.  They  an*  Ktriiij;ht  netn,  authored  in 
tUe  (firm  of  au  L  witJi  n  hmtk-Iike continuation,  heavily  leaded,  and  with 
aiirbork  at  th**  anglcH.  They  on*  knit  iVom  cotton  twiui'H  (\>-Vi  thn.'wl,  4 
tiiilrnt  V  thr  outrr  end  Im-Iiij;  of  (Inrr  twine.  Tlu-ir  Icnj^h  in  about  U*) 
fcthfini^  depth  "r.-l()0  nie.sliiw,  2}  to  A  inch  meMi.  AlM)«t  100  of  tliew  aru 
■  •  '  !  I"*  eooBt,  Duwtly  between  Sandy  Hook  and  Bomcgat  Light.     (K. 

gLu^  tu  fhia  ierirs  axe  eDimierated  below,  uiootig^oft.  '2!&6^^bSj$^. 


122     AKIMA 

KM" 

21M*. 

C'leariii 
Di9g:or;- 


Ifle«lt^ 


]; 


■p 

.  QESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UKITED  STATES. 

125 

■Ir»bin^*nct9 

[entangling 

in  nieflbes). 

H 

Series  of 

samp 

es  of 

gill  netting.     American  Net  and            | 

1 

Twiue  Company,  Boston  and  New  York : 

I          MMS. 

DcptU  15  mt'abca,  size  of  mesh  U 

nrh, 

No.  90  (3)  thread. 

■          »N». 

i( 

3& 

11 

(( 

2i 

u 

"    40  (S) 

" 

■       meuk 

ti 

lUO 

11 

II 

n 

11 

"    95(3) 

tl 

^HT  "B^- 

4t 

36 

ti 

tt 

»i 

It 

*<    30(3) 

II 

^■SHSBS. 

U 

50 

tt 

tt 

91 

t< 

'*    95(3) 

11 

^^ttSSX 

J< 

93 

if 

a 

91 

(1 

"    35(9) 

tl 

■         9S3&I. 

ti 

50 

<i 

tt 

21 

II 

"    16(3) 

tl 

^^S08S&. 

II 

100 

u 

II 

»i 

II 

"    25(3) 

tl 

^^■96866^ 

ti 

lOrt 

II 

11 

3 

II 

"    86(3) 

II 

^^WMSST. 

it 

100 

It 

tt 

3i 

(1 

"    SG(3) 

tl 

^Hiflese. 

it 

IG 

II 

tt 

34 

It 

**     25(3) 

II 

^■m856. 

14 

lU 

41 

H 

34 

ll 

**    30(3) 

ll 

^■mMOl 

(• 

40 

If 

tt 

3« 

ll 

"    ia(3) 

it 

^KiMt 

it 

DO 

M 

II 

4 

11 

"    SO  (3) 

tt 

^■tteis. 

tt 

17 

tl 

II 

4 

II 

"    35(3) 

it 

^■miis. 

t* 

35 

li 

11 

4 

II 

"    40(3) 

It 

^■fldMH. 

tt 

10 

II 

(1 

** 

*» 

'•    36(3) 

tt 

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If 

^M 

i  Those  tlrifting 

acroM 

the  tUle, 

^^■M^ 

i>» 

liolo  n 

f  brown 

gUl-ucttlng.    American  Not  and  Twine  Company,              | 

^^^^^f 

liotfttm, 

MlUH. 

■          9S130. 

One 

buln  nf  wLit« 

^U-notting.    American  Not  and  Twine  Company,              j 

^K 

IkMftnn, 

Ma.«.    . 

^ 

ft  Time  dri/thp 

along  the  iitle* 

• 

^    Mackeit^l  gill- 

ni>t«. 

■    Hairing  gill-nctJ*. 

1               »t9U4i»^'».    UrTTiugglll 

•not    Usoil  on 

the  coast  of  Nov  England  and  tho             j 

^^^^^B 

Phivlni 

<M»  {ii  iho  cai»lnn*  of  llic 

herring  {Clupta  h*Tcn$u9), 

AmocV'             1 

B 

kaa  N'ttt  and  T 

vine  Couipaay, 

Boston,  Uaaa. 

J 

1 

K.  - 


r'-^-If 


AIQUL  8£80URC£8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      127 

Heinr«. 

i'ijni.i ;  ... 

9Mll>.  Mmlt'l  t»f  horring-wine.    I'wmI  on  coorts  of  New  England  and  thB 
Proviuwra  in  capture  of  lu^rring  {ClujH'a  hnreHf/uit),  aittl  in  thoHnd- 
fton,  Potouutr,  Dolawiirf,  nnd  Chosaiieiikf,  and  in  yorlL  CaroUna. 
,  .^_^j^        Anicricau  Net  and  Twine  Coniiiony,  U<>»tnn,  Mims, 
'MHKi^Voilel  of  licrriu^-HC'iuo.    Aiui^ricuu  Net  uod  Tn-iuv  Cumpou^f  Boston, 


uv  tiaed  in  the  rircrs  of  tho  Atlantic  and  Oiilf  cnast. 

Tlt^Ap  (W>inpH  a3v  kntt  from  cotton  thread.  On  the  CoiHiiM!ticnt  River, 
tiw)  M<uu?ii  oro  of  uin<Nthrrml  twinfi,  ty-C^i  mcsli;  on  tlii^  Hudson,  the  mcHh 
ifl  fofir  liu-hM,  knit  of  MX-thn*Ad  t\vino  in  tho  wiiiju^  and  nine  tlavAd  iu 
the  iMuit.  In  th*^  UMawaro,  rotomnc,  and  CbcHapooki*,  tiic  lurah  is  3^  to 
4^  inrhoa,  iht^  twine  12,  15,  end  18  thivad ;  In  North  CnrDlnm.  thi'  mvtiix  Is 
fif  to  31  inch©*,  and  tho  cotton  twiuo  twclve-tlinatL     (E.  IJ.  Trench.) 

96137.  Model  of  cod-aeine.  Used  in  ]*rovincva  in  capture  of  cod  (Oadiu 
»»rrhua).  Aincricnn  Net  and  Twine  Company,  Boston  and  New 
York.     30  to  40  fi-et  deep.     Mesh  5  inches,  18  Ut  '21  thread,  cotton. 

tce-lmntji. 
i\  rolIe<rtiiig-aoine8. 

8S130.  Baini  net.  De^iinied  liy  Prr>f.  8.  F.  Daird.  I'^ed  hy  naturalists  in 
collecting  finiaU  lUbes  in  brooks  nnd  pondnand  infoUowiugU-bind 
large  tH'iurs  to  «ccnro  the  ttutalt  species  wliieh  ctM-iHK'  through  tho 
nienhitp,  nLx-thread  eoorHC  cotton.  Aiiierican  Net  and  Twine  Com- 
pany, Dofrton,  Moss. 

SfSlSfi.  McMlnl  of  Baird  net.     American  Net  and  Twlnu  ComxuUky<  Btwlou, 


it-iioin«is, 

1d6IS3,  S^IW.  Model  of  mirinnw-w*)uc.  Taed  by  nnintcura  In  raptnro  of 
niinnow-bait.  {  to  (  ineli  meab,  Hix-tbreail  cotton  tuiiir.  Aineri- 
can  Nut  and  Twiue  Compimy,  HoRton,  Masn. 

dSlatl.  MoiUI  of  miriiii>w-M>ine,  with  hii-*.  IVd  by  tUhemien  toaeenrobait 
til.     Auici-iean  Net  nnd  Twiuo  Cuiii|'U>>y.  Uohton,  Moah. 

llUtk*.  X  I  ic^.     I*i<HM'rty  of  J.  A.  NiebotH,  8yraruw,  N.  Y.     Contrib- 

qt«*d  bjr  Komft  &  t^treuui  rubliaUiug  Coiiipauy. 


I'TKon  niver  EMkimoH.   MuckenzieV  River  diiftrict.   Robert 

ine. 


XL  8.  N., 


lie."    Taehntihi  Imlianp.     Copt.  John  Rotlgen^ 
lUc  Exploring  Kxjtoditiou. 


126     ANiMAIi  BEBon; 
Horring  gill-nti 

The«c  11'  ■ 
strotcho<1  ■ 
by  »tom-.- 

tff  iXlcll  : 

M.- 

Other  gill  > 

1607. 
790.'. 

1901 


Pocket 


8c 


Liuidlng-net,    Property  of  J.  A  Nichols,  SyraouM,  N".  Y.    Contrib- 
nl«*l  by  F«rf«t  &.  Stream  PublifiUnK  Company. 
Wrn.  I««adiiifr'nFt.    I^^operty  of  J.  A.  NichoU,  Hymcuso,  N.  T,    Contrilt- 
uf^ol  r  &  Stream  Pabliahing  Coiupany. 

l]ii_  ■•{  rod.    Property  of  J.  A  Nichols,  Byractiso,  N.  Y. 

Cuutribuled  by  Forcvt  A  Streuni  Publiahiug  Company. 

o  mik-neiA. 
1S61C  Bird-net  frame.    Alient  Eskimos.    Alnaka.    Henry  W.  Elliott. 

iXad  hoop-net : 
Crab-nelA. 

Models  of  lob«<«r-Detft.    Usod  on  tho  0<NMC  of  CftUfomift.    Jolmsou 

&,  Yuiing,  DoAton,  Mus. 
9BS01*  Gi«b-ucta.    Auimctui  Net  and  Twine  Company,  Boston  and  New 

York. 
SSnOl  0\mn  ctwncr-net.    OIonc«sier,  Mau.    O.  Brown  Ooode. 
38711.  Folding  canner-net.  "  " 

rtiliof-nrtv. 

Irawis: 

Beam-trawl. 
(Otter-tniwl.) 

VBBSL  Model  of  boam-trnwl.    American  Ket  and  Twine  Compftny,  Boston 

and  New  York. 
S27VO.  Model  of  beiun>trawl.    Mode  by  J.  0.  Adam.    U.  B  Fish  Commisbiou. 

Dtcdgea: 

Flange,  or  ordinary  dredge 
Rake-dredge. 
Oyater-acrapen 
(ConU-drrdge.) 

M4Q.  Fow  brown  dredge-ncte.    Oyster-dredging,  Ac.     American  Ket  and 
Twine  Company,  Boston  and  New  York. 

Toiring-nets : 

Sarfiice  tow-noU. 

Towiug-net  ftvmo.    U.  B.  Fi»h  CommiHiotL 

iff  or  Jerk  nr(ii« 

ueto; 

Mackerel  i»ttn$e-8ciue8  (pursed  by  wciglit). 
MeoliudeD  puTBC-Bcines. 

90997.  Mod4^1  vt  iniK'kcn^l  putBC-ecine.    Used  on  North  Atlantic  coast  in 
1  (Scomber  tcomkrvt),    American  Net  and  Twino 
'  Mosa. 


ISO     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


American  Not  aud  Twinn 


Folding:  or  jerk  nets. 

Mcnluulea  parse-seiaes. 

26,  ISO.  Model  of  niar:kciro1  piirde-aotne. 
pany,  Bcwtoii,  Mass. 

TheMi  puT«e-M>iu<«  range  in  length  from  120  to  fidO  fAthnnu,  and 
700  to  1,000  meahea  In  dtiptti,  reacliiog  the  deptJi  nf  S()  to  30  faUunn 
water.    The  average  iiu**h  is  'J^  inches.    They  an  made  of  Anf*  ^ra-Ul 
cotton  twioei  and  onsl.  from  f750  to  $l,.'iOO  eumpleto.     Abont  300  are  i 
Sn  use  on  the  cooat  of  North  America,    Tfao  pnraiug  wvigbt  rariea 
100  iu  l&O  pouuda. 

2312^261*25.  Mmlcl  of  pur^e-siuoo.     Amcricau  Net  aud  Twine  Comi 
Boston,  MikSA. 

00  to  150  futlioius  ill  louKrli,  300  to  650  me«hc«  in  depth,  1|  to  if 
Si'ft-lBlAnd  twiup.     Wing*,  9  lo  12;  bag,  15  to  31, 


HiggiuA  &  Gillnnl,  Glouc 
WUcox,  Crittenden  &-  Co., 


35179.  Soatch-block  oaed  in  piirsing-wine. 

Miksa. 
2&ltJd.  Ring  or  thimblo  for  porsing-aeine. 

dletown,  Conn. 

Cost- nets : 

MiUIet  caat-ncts. 
Pompano  cast-nets. 
Biiit  cost-nets. 

250-16.  Ca*ftiag-nct.    Diameter  4i  feot    WUUom  £.  Hooper  &  Botm, 

more,  Md. 
90799.  Mullot  caat-net. 
86800.  Shrimp  cast-not. 


Diameter  5^  feet,  l^inch  meeh. 
Diameter  4^  feet,  |-lnoh  moah. 


Clap  nets  for  birds. 
Kabbit  spring-nets. 
Spriug-weirs  (St,  Lawrence). 
Sieve-traps  (for  birds). 

(Accessory.)    Tarts  of  nets  and  apparatus  for  mauiifacttire. 

Raw  material  of  nets. 
Babiche.     (.Soc  under  D.  20.) 
Ketting-lil>cr. 
Ketting-twiue- 

6G9.  Kotting-txrinvi.    Indiand.     Northwest  «OMi  of  Am^rtr-O.     O.  Oil 
1443^.  Fifior  usud  for  mukiug  aeta.     Pi-Ute  Indiana.    Hontiiem  Utalu    Maf.' 

J.  \V.  Fowell. 
80376.  38  hti\r»  of  white  nottiug-twiiic.   Amaricau  Not  and  Twioa  Om 
Ui>rfton,  Malta. 

Samples  of  netting  hung  to  linen.     Williujn  £.  Uoo|ieir  & 
Baltimore^  Md.: 

25048.  l-tuoh  rat^h,  12  thread,  1  fathom  loug,  2  feet  dv«*p. 

25049.  U  " 
25047.  U  " 
2ri0i'd.  li  " 
20050.  -i        " 


12 

•  4 

1 

II 

12 

It 

1 

U 

12 

1 

•' 

12 

'• 

1 

M 

AXIMAL  RE80UBCE8  AND  FISUERIES  OP  TTNITED  STATES.     131 

kCcetttor)'.)    Porta  of  nets  and  appanitos  for  mannractnr^. 

McMh-needlca. 

Ianging-no<HlIes. 
ikimo  ncttiug-ue^dlca. 


8560a 


lOQOS, 

2(1170, 

urn. 

1315. 


Seine-oeedJc  (home  made).    J.  M.  K.  Sonthwick,  Nc^rjwirt,  R.  I. 
SeiDO-noedJe.  •'  '* 

8««liie-neM1c  (called  hanping-nwNlle).    N.  H.  Payno,  WoIUU'cl,  Miihs. 
KuittlnK-f|;ang«.    Used  in  rt'^lntin^  sixn  of  iiteab,    Amoricuii  Ket 

ftiid  Twine  Company,  Ikmton  and  Now  York, 
Scino-ntH'idlv,     EsUiuiOH.    NorthcasttTa  jVniorictt.     8.  F.  Baird. 
S«ine-noed1c.    Magemnt  Eskitnof^    Nunivuk  lalaud,  Alaska.     W.  H. 

Dall. 
Bcbie-tic«dle  of  woo<l.    Ynkon  RItit.    W,  H.  Dull. 
Neollo  of  bono.    Norton  Sound  Eskimos.        ** 
lOICU,  Uim),  ir.Ifi7,  H;UW,  mni,  iniDU.  Si^inc-nocillea  of  bono,     Ma^'O- 

mut.  EskimoA.     Kunlvak  Island.     W.  H.  DalL 
9*'iao-iicc<no  of  wood.     rUirikotr.    IV.  H.  Dall. 
Netting-nctdle.     EakLiuoH.     SuiithfKiuian  Inntitittinn. 
SeiDe-ni>«dlo  of  bono.     Kakimoa  of  Northcastcru  America.     S.  F. 

Baird. 


VI.  TRAPS. 

33.  Pen-traps. 


ke(-tra|Mi< 


Pitfulh: 

PitJ,  covered. 
Barrel  traps. 
Jar  mule-traps. 

**  ltabbit-ti|»o,'^  used  in  En^^laud. 
lU'boski'ts  (Coluiiibiii  Eivcr). 
»n*weir8  (Upper  Coluntbui  River). 
rer-weirftt  with  ]H><di('t.s: 
Eel-tmpH. 
rifiliidide^: 

SluKl-slides,  Oiicd  in  tlio  rivers  of  Xortli  Carolina, 

aR830.  rUb-ftlide.    ITwd  iu  James  River,  Virginia.    Scale  1  Inch  to  Ibe  foot. 

J.  G,  Aibim. 
SS831.  Fb<h-«ntlo  (with  !k»x).    Used  In  rivvn  of  VirgiDiJi,    Scale  1  ineb  to 

thr  fiHit.    J.  G.  Adam. 

'riiilli«fra|iH« 

-tnipH. 


132     AXIMAL  RESOURCES  AXD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATEl 

Labyrintli»trap9. 

Weirs,  or  pounds. 

12102.  Bar-weir.     Uwh]  in  Bay  of  Fnnily  herring  ftsliorivs.     ScaIc,  t  inchla 

15  fofit.    Capt.  W.  S.  Trent,  EiiAtport,  Me. 
ISIOI.  Fish-wcir.    ITaed  in  DemuB  Biver,  Me.    Scale,  i  inch  to  ibc  fool, 

I'rof,  S.  F.  Bainl. 
12106.  Salmim-wtfir,     Uee^l  in  nv^n  of  Hatue.     Dcomia  River.    8«»V^ 

inch  to  84  feet.     I'rof.  8.  K.  Balrtl. 
UB833.  Mmlel  of  hoart-weir.    American  Net  and  Tvino  Company. 
33700.  Model  of  pound-uet.    Uoed  in  Lake  MioUigon.     Scale,  3|  fc«t  to 

inclu     Wankegan,  111.    D.  D.  Parmaleo. 
■    >,  Model  of  vrcir,  or  bcut-net.     Used  on  Bouthom  eotut  of  Kcw  Ea| 

laad.     Scale,  1  inch  to  d  feet^    iBpiuileVa  Cuve,  WocmI's  iloU,  Mj 

Pn>f.  S.  F.  Bftinl. 
26731,  367 4ti.  ModulH  of  bniftli-velrs.     Uaed  in  the  Bay  of  Fnudy  In  capt 

of  herring  (Clupea  hartngm).    W.  B.  McLaughlin,  Qraiul  Mani 

N.  B. 
S3899.  Model  of  dab-woir.    Utted  by  aborigine  of  Virginia  In  tbo 

century.    Fruoi  flgurea  In  De  Br>'.    J.  G.  Adsun. 
S5890.  Model  uf  tiab-trap.     Valley  of  Yukon  Biver.     Scale,  1  inch  to 

foot.     W.  H.  DaU. 

Fuuael-trai)s. 

Fislii>ots. 

1754.  Wicker  fiiih-pot  (motlel}.     TTsed  in  Wettt  Indiea.     5  to  15  latl 
Stalfl,  1  inch  to  the  foot.    H.  O.  Clanchton.  «t.  MartinV  W,  X. 
33738.  FiHb-iK>t  (model).     Bermudas.    Scalu  of  ^.     Mudo  from  TctMMl of  inil 
merged  cedar.    0.  Brown  Goode. 

Lobster-pota. 

12100.  Lobetcr-pot.     Used  in  Bay  of  Fandy.     4  to  lU  fathoam.     CMsic, 

inch  to  the  foot.     Prof.  S.  F.  Bainl. 
84801.  Lobster-pot.     Uaed  in  Narraganaett  B»y,  in  10  to  15fnUuima. 

3  inrhen  to  thu  foot.    J.  M.  K.  8utithwick,  Nrwpfiri.  R.  I. 
S93d6.  Model  of  Xoauk  lobHtcr-jrat.     O.  L.  Grevn,  Nckook,  Coun. 
SI9&31.  Lo1>ster-pot  net.     U«cd  on  coaitt  of  Now  Jervoy,    American  Xrl 

TwiiMi  Cumpany,  BoHton  and  New  York. 
9G586-7-6-9.  Models  nf  loluiter-potA.    Ifaetl  on  the  coaiit  of  New  Engl 

John»oQ  &,  Young,  Boston,  Mau. 
89303.  MfKlcI  of  lubstcr-pot.    N.  C.  Bmitb,  Stoidagton,  Cowk 

Eel'Weirs,  with  leaders. 
Eel-^>otH,  without  loadexa. 

.  Eel-pot.     Used  in  Fbther'a  laland  8onnd,  Conn.     Sc»k^  0B»4uI£ 

.Tames  H.  Latham,  Noank,  Conn. 
96015-1&  Wicker  eel-pot.  two  funncU,  wittt  leadofi.     lltrd  »bout  M«rtik«V 

Viixyunl,  in  3  to  10  fatiionw,     CapL  Joclab  CiOTi^laful,  aiUir, 

Vineynnl  Ilavcn,  Ma>w. 
S6014.  Wicker  ni'l-pnt  (tbn'e  funneln).      i  . /«  Vinqi^ 

Capt.  Judiah  Clevcliiud,  maker.  '  ■        .    \  im. 

20530.  Eel-|N>t  net.     Vm-il  on  the  coant  of  Ni-w  Jrmi-y.     XtuvtiMD 

Twine  Company,  Uoiiton  and  New  York. 


iXDUL  BEBOCBCKS  A^ID  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     133 

,  IjibyriDth-traps. 

HSel  potA,  without  leaders. 


SS016.  Leoduni  for  oel-pot  (Ko&.  £5014-15-16).    Ufi«d  in  Marttm'A  Viwy.'uxl. 

Cftpt.  Josioli  Clcvclanil,  Vineyard  Harbor,  MaM. 
96803.  Baakot  ec1-|Kit.    Aninrtran  Ket  uud  Twiuo  Conipouy. 
9ftO]&  RttotR  of  young  ]>iuc  tnwa  (/'iniu  «rro&iM).    Uacd  in  ninQufactnro  of 

o<!l-pota.    Viucyurd  lUveu,  Miuw.    G.  Browu  GiKHlv. 


Barrel  pots  for  veU. 
Sctneis. 

aB733;,  C.  S4>i-nHt.    Diomcf^r  of  largest  boop,  ISincbes.    U.  S.  Flak  Com- 
ininsidiL, 

FjlcM  (0e^net8  with  lenders). 

t06|&  Fjk&-not  ^th  wings.    Diameter,  3  feet.    Wm.  £.  Hooper  Jlc  ^on% 

BaltLiunrv,  MiJ. 
9013*  Ifodel  »f  niiimow-fyke.    Azucricnn  Net  aod  Twine  Company,  DohIou 

[and  New  York. 
9nil  Mimiow^ke.  « 

38117.  Mluuow-iyke.  "  " 

BixtM>ke. 

JiOl  15,  201 16.  MtMlfl  of  liird-net.    American  Net  and  Twine  Company,  Boatou 
and  New  York. 

-traps. 

rtU.  Iiaii«-trap.    tV-d  iii  Peconio  Bay  and  Fisher's  Islaod  Souud.    Scale, 
4  inch  to  Iku  foot.    Cluu-Ies  T.  Potter. 

C-lrnpn-. 

f  Closed  bjf  the  falling  of  a  door, 
•traps  (figure  4). 

KAXL  Hornn**  box-trap.    ITacd  in  rUiUdelpbia  Zoological  Gonlcns.    .Scale, 

one-hnlf.     Henry  Homn. 
!(&f76.  Ijox-trap.     Used  In  caxitiire  of  hare«,  possums,  olc    Scale,  ouc-balf. 

T.  N.  Woltz. 

IVftps  with  baugiiig  doorn. 

.  S4rlf-*ettinK  tmp.    Uftcd  in  capture  of  muakrat*,  bare«,4cc.    Soale, 

oDo-bolf.     Henry  linmn. 
twos.  ffflf-flettin>»  trap.    To  boeet  iu  mowtb  of  rabbit-bnrrow.    Scale,  one- 
bull    E.  HcnvD. 

K^Mo  l>ox-tnipB. 

n07.  Donblo  tiox-tmp.    Ua«l  in  capture  of  bares,  pOwumii,  Ac.    Scale, 
«n^.balf.     T.  N.  Wollz. 


13A     AIUIMJL  l^MHJBCSS  AND  FIgH£RIES  OF  UNITED  BTATl 


Spxing-door  tn^a. 

ttdOMNi  hyfaUing  of  ^hole  trap, 

Cob-hooaeUc^-tcaiiiVk,.., .  ,,,...  ;w^--» 

T.  K.  Woltfc 
S8706.  FBl]4np.     T7a»d  !r  upten  of  pirtriilgfMf  Ac, 

PigMm-netft  "  -     '  '     =-•'    '   "**^' 

ttf  OIow^  hyfaUing  0/  Wii     "*  ''' 

..I  If  ■*■« 
Bar-wdtSy  amnged  witli  tli^  other  wdis. 

Shear-Imps. 

Sheof-tcaps  (ETew  York  Harbor).      ~'  .         *' 

33.  Clutohino-tbafs. 
Ifooae-tnipa. 

Bnarea: 

Foot-poUi  and  barrier  sDorea* 

S033.  Snare  (made  of  »iiiew),    Uaed  1%  «^tii»  ^  JijiiXi^  iftlr^^ 

Fort  Beoolntitftiij  H.  B,  T.    K.  Eetmteott. 
19063.  Babbit-snare.     Cou^-ayi:  Fi-Ute  Indiana.     PyokoSA  Itikit^  H«Tada, 

Stephen  Power*. 
9&660.  Spring-trap  (modol).    Used  In  captim  of  liansy  groiney  &c.    Scalar 

ono-balf.    £.  Henon. 
25479.  Spring-trap  (model).    TTaed  for  captore  of  haiM,  grooae,  Ac    Scalfli 

one-bttlf.    T.N.  WoltE. 
25833.  Model  of  grouse-snare.    Ynkon  Blrcr,  Alaska.    W.  H.  DaO. 

Springes. 

<*  Kound  mouse-traps.'' 

Jawed  traps, 

"Steel  traps:" 

Kewliouse  traps. 

S5S63.  Nowhonse  trap.    No.  0  for  rats.    Spmad  of  Jawa,  3^  fneheaj 

onoagb  to  hold  muakrat.    Oneida  Conunnni^i  K.  T. 
35931.  Kewhonse  trap.     Ko.  I  for  moshxato.    Spread  of  Jawa,  4 

adapted  to  capturing  the  smaller  for-beaiing  "**■— ^t. 

Commnnity,  N.  Y. 
25200.  Newbonso  trap.    No.  1}  for  minlcs  and  Ashen.    Spread  of  Jaw%  4| 

incbcs;  strong  enoagh  to  hold  fox  or  fisher.    On^da  Conmnd^t 

N.  Y. 
25259.  Kowhoase  trap.    No.  9,  for  foxes.    With  donbla 

javSf  4|  inches;  strong  enough  to  hold  an«^(w, 

nlty,  N.  Y. 


A^KOIAL  RE80UBCE8  AXiD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     135 

Jawrd  traps. 

l«e«bouiie  traps. 

SSflSfiL  Ncwhoufto  trap.     No.  3,  for  ottera.    Double  spring ;  spread  of  jaws, 

^  Inches.    Ondda  Community,  N.  Y. 
SSSfiO.  Mewlioii^e  tmp.    No.  4,  for  deer.    Doable  spriug;  apreadof  jaws,  0^ 

uichfift,    Oneida  Comumnily,  N.  Y. 
S8967.  Newboiuwi  trap.    No.  4,  for  beavers.     Double  spring;  spread  of  jaws. 

(y^  tDcbcB.     Oneida  Community,  N.  V. 
ffWS.  Newbonse  trap.     No.  5,  for  bears.     Spn^ad  of  jawA.  1 1 1  inrhm ;  wei;;ht 

of  each  spring,  "2  ponnds  and  10  ouncns;  wtight  uf  trap  17  pounds. 

aoitable  for  taking  the  common  black  bear.    Oneida  Conunnnity, 

K.  Y, 
SBSM.  Newbouso  trap.     No.  C,  for  grieely  boars  and  moose.      Spread  of 

jaws,  IH  inches;  weight  of  vach  spring,  G  poiindu  and  10  oini<>(>8 ; 

Wright  of  trap  with  chain,  4'i  pounds;   uindo  tbronghoiit,  cxr*«pt 

the  pan,  uf  wrought  iron  and  stcul;   strung  enoogli  to  liold  the 

moose  or  grizzly  brar.     Oneida  Comuiunitj',  N.  Y. 
29850.  Spring  fiab-trap.     (Fatcutod  Dec.  9,  1850.)    Edwiu  W.  Judge,  New 

Haveiij  Conn. 

spring  bird-m.'t8. 
(FreDch  bird-trap.) 

13153.  Spring  blxd-tmp.     Used  in  FrauAC.     Dr.  H.  C  Tnrrow,  U.  8.  JC 

3^  Fall-ibaps. 

^nukinf:*!  ra  ps. 

I>««i1falb. 
l^grnvfour  tTiips, 

3S?4i>.  Log  dead-fall  (model).    Used  in  Missistippi  Valley.     Scale,  1  inch  to 

the  foot.    Henry  Horan. 
12014.  Fox-Unp.     Used  by  Mablcmnt  Eskimos.    Henry  W.  Elliott 

irrcinff-trap«. 

Mnle-tTJipH. 
Harpf»on-trapH. 

^prinf-books. 

PiokerelliookH,  arninged  with  otlicr  Looks. 


prin^'E^uuN, 


35.  MlSSrLE-TRAI>S 


30w  AUOESIYK  PaEPABATlOXB. 


Cird*liinr,  Ac. 

\OOdn,  boolfi,  Set* 


136     ASDUL  SZSOirSGES  AHD  KEgHEBIES  QW  UIOTED  STATES. 

VIL  APPARATUS  FOR  WHOLESALE  DESTRUCTION 

37,  POXSOKB. 

Food  poisons. 

PhosphoroB  poisons. 

Stzychnine. 

Aiaenic. 

CoiToelve  sablimate. 

Cyanide  of  potasaiiim. 

C^ium  poisons. 

For  obTioos  resaoiu  this  series  is  uot  ezhilrited. 

Blood  poisons  t  IVoorara. 

38.  ASPHTXIATOBS. 

Apparatus  A>r  smoldin^  oat. 

(Apparatus  Ibr  suflbcatinur  witli  Aimes  of  snlphnr.) 

Apparatus  Ibr  drownini^  out. 

39.  TOBPEDOES. 

39J.  Stomach-speings. 
Eskimo  whalebone  springs  (used  for  killing  bears). 

744'2.  Stomach-spriugs.    Used  by  Eskimo  in  capturing  boars,  &.C.    Fo 
AudeiBOUj  Arctic  coast.    B.  McFarlane. 


Vin.  HUNTING-ANIMALS. 

40.  Hunting-mammals. 

IliinlinfC-leopard  {Cynailurus juhatutf), 
^VeaNCl^i  and  turrets. 
OllrrN.  * 

•11.  Accessories  to  hunting-dogs. 

IHm-n  hipn. 
IKHl»wiii!ii||eN* 

*,W.v\  lS»);-cttn  (double).    Edwin  M.  Judge,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
V^^\vS   m*>;  crtll. 


u 

it 

It 

41 

tt 

u 

AIDUL  BB80U10B8  AHD  FISHEBISS  OF  UNITED  STATES.     137 


Dog-calL    Edwin  M.  Jadge,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
mo.  BoguaOl.  "  " 

S9908.  Dog-call  fiir  whip.  "  " 

S5854.  PoUee^Mll.  "  " 

SVasS.  Bailzoftd-call.  "  " 


Itf^Mllars. 


Nc^iBvxxles* 


42.  HiTNTnva-BIBDS. 

Ucoi 


wit. 

•rsi^rants  {Carbo  sineims).    Used  in  fishing  in  China. 

43.  AOCESSOBY  TO  HUNTING-BraDS. 


irmoraHt-GolIari. 

44.  HUNTZNO-FISHES. 

emora  (osed  in  West  Indies  and  Anstxalia). 


IX.  DECOYS  AND  DISGUISES. 

45.  Baitb. 
aturml  baits. 

Flies  and  other  insects.  (This  should  include  a  eoliection  of  those 
insecta  which,  as  the  favorite  food  of  fishes,  are  imitated  in  mak- 
ing artificial  flies.)    Arranged  with  hooks.    (See  under  29  a.) 

Worms. 

Mollnsks. 

Salted  baits  (prepared). 

Menhaden. 

Herring. 

Squids. 

Clams,  long. 

Clams,  hen. 

Pea-roe  of  cod  (used  in  French  sardiue-fishorios,  and  largely  ex- 
ported). 

Grasshopper  paste,  used  as  a  substitute  for  pea-roe. 

Toning  baits,  "stosh,"  &c. 

Hww  utieleti  on  Account  of  their  pcrisliublc  nature,  cannot  well  be  exhibited. 


it  II 

2tt39a.  Crab-can.  "  " 


138     ANIMAL  RE80UBCES  AND  FISHEBIB8  OF  UNITED  STAIXB. 

IVataral  baits. 

(Accessories.)    Methods  of  preparing  baits : 
Bait-catters. 
Bait-mills- 
Bait-ladles. 
Wheelbarrows  for  baitK^lams  (Kantucket). 

33740.  Boach-cart  Nantucket,  Hoss.    W.  H.  Chase,  2cL 

Bait-boxes  and  cans. 

^580.  Five  bait-boxea.    Bradford  &.  Anthony,  Boston,  Haas. 
28^.  Bait-box.    Forest  Sc  Stream  Fablishing  Company.    Propovty 

[A.  Nlchola,  Syraeni 
2S393.  Minnow-paiL 
38392.  Crab-can. 
il3691.  GrasshoppeiHsan. 

Bait-needles. 

Artificial  baits.  > 

Trolling-spoons.  ^ 

Spinners. ' 

Squids  and  jigs.' 

"Bobs,"  used  in  southern  waters.* 

Artificial  flies.  * 

Accei^if^ories  to  artificial  baits.' 

a.  Fly-hooks.* 

L  Haw  materials  for  making  artificial  flies.' 

c.  Tools  for  making  artificial  flies.  ^ 

Pa$itcs. 

Decoys. 
Mccnt-decoys. 
^ioiind-dccoys. 

Aiiimal-calls,  whistles,  &c. 

7452,2149.  Deer-call.      Eskimos.      Mackenzie's  River  district.      ] 
Farlaue. 
2253.  Deer-call.    Eskimos.    Mackenzie's  River  district.    R.  Kenni 

BiiHl-culls. 

atUG;».  Turkey-call.    Used  in  Illinois.    J.  W.  Milner. 
«3tK>4.  Turkey-call.    Used  in  Maryland.    G.  W.  Woltz. 

^Arranged  with  hooks. 


JLNUUL  n£&OURC£8  AND  FISHEHIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      139 

Mi|ht*<lccoyM. 

Livin«  decoy  animals  anil  bircls. 
Drnty-dog!^  UHCil  iu  Uuutiug  duckd. 

StiHjI-pigfOUM. 

Tuiui*  (lcvuy-<lucka. 
Tiuuf  decoy-bninte. 
Imitations  of  animals  and  binlH. : 

Decoy -waders  (carved  in  \rood). 

SS0I2.  Rliu^k-lirtvstiHl  iiliiver  (SquaUtmla  htlcetica).    P.  Bniahor,  Kew  York. 
SS04L  hotii^-hillcd  cuTlfw  (yumtnena  loitgiroatrU).  "  ** 

SS043.  ycllow-ahauks  (GarHhctta^Haripra),  **  " 

I>eooy -waders  (»tami)ed  iu  tUi). 

fS9tf09.  Bla<-k<bn*tut4Ml  pluvirr  (_Sqmttarola  hilrcUca),    Herman  Strattfr  3c  Soiu, 

[Dostun.  Maw. 
OoWlen  plovw  (Charadriwi  vir^ittiottM)  "  " 

-7.  Bi<4l*bn>afltvU  tniiM!  (Mncrorhampkun grlMtuif).     "  " 

^tO-Ll.  Motutoue  {Strepjiilas  inUrpret).  "  *' 

Thtwo  dccoy«  ore  luude  hollow,  titainped  out  iu  liaWes,  hinged  at 
bead  ami  tail  to  (»ih*u  and  iicat  together.  Oue  doven  plover 
vraigh  3  pniiudH,  with  hoxoccnpyiug  a  apucctif  t:<^  by  9  iiiL-hcs,  •! 
Inches  deep.     Patented. 

»y  B>vLmmiug-birdt4  (made  irom  tlie  akuis  of  birdv). 

71S7.  Skin  of  oauva»-bn4:k  diit^k  (FuUgula    raVisncyia)  MtiifTetl    uitli    dry 

tal6  gran  and  fitted  for  deeoy  with  atriugH  nud  weights.     Pi-Uto 

Indians.     Uol>ert  Kidgway. 
7198.  Skin  of  reil-head  duck  {FuUtjitJaferiua,  var.  americana),  dtUnl  for  iiao  im 

decoy.    Pi-Utf*  bitlians.     Bobort  liidj^wnj'. 
71S9.  Same.    Bobert  Bidgway. 

47^  Same.    Pi-lTlt'  Indiuus.     Cnraon  Lak<*,  ITtah.    Cfipt.  J.  Tl.  Siinpfton. 
1909L  Bkin   of    widgeon   (Sfarrca    americana),    fitted    fur    UM    as   decoy. 

Cooynwco  Pi-L'tc   Indians.      Pyramid   Lake,    Noroda.     Nativu 

naiuo,  Imoodooicr.     Stephen  Powers. 
Skin  ot  A  pin-tail  duck  {Ihtfila  acikta)^  stuflVHl  for  niw  as  a  decoy.     P. 

lyonlA  Jouy,  Waahiugtoii,  D.  C*. 

Docoy  swimming-birds  (caned  iu  wood). 

Brunt  {Bemida  hrcnta),    P.  Bnwhor.  Now  York  City. 
liaUard  {Ana*  ho»tha»).    Henry  A.  Stevetin,  WewUport,  N.  Y. 
'*  ^*  Male.    John  Krider,  Philadelphia. 

M  a  Keirmle.         *'  " 

lUock  duck  {AnoM  obicurut).    Kmnci-i  Dnrritt,  .South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
"  A.  Stevens,  Wecdaport,  N.  Y. 

4.  ino-Ult  duck  (Dajttn  acuta).    John  Krider,  Philadelphia. 

Buld-pa<<>diiok(ifarena<iMerJr(]iia).    Male.  John Kridor, Philodolphia. 
'9S0fi&  "  "  F«smole.      "  *' 

iSSOe.  •*  P.  Brasher,  New  York  City. 

^V&OSI.  KUnc-wing  teol  {\>ucrquc(tula  diumr*).    Hemy  A.  Stevtnn,  Wced»portr 
N.  Y. 


Vt&aEBIEa  OF  UHtTED  5TAXE& 


PouJe.  " 

i.Ji%iii  avAtV    P.  BK»dwr,  New  Yutk  CHt . 

*'  Prucii  BnnHt,  Sostli  Svvaft, 

B407  A«  eietciw,  Wev<ljif0rt,  K  T. 
■vtaaM).    Hetnnr  iL  Sinm^ 

**  M«K    JuliKKridfT, 

[Fiiii«ddfaaft. 

"  Female. 

■^  Male.   Jfdn  Kriilo-,  PkiU- 

[d«tplUJL 

"  Fouaie.        « 

(ApopAtflli    fwrftiMi).      Iltrsir^    A.    Sl«v««!^ 

dMck  (jr*rTpA<lii  hJIvvAi).     Bmary  A,  StevniH,  Weed»- 

Decoy  swinuning-birds  (stamped  ia  ttn,  viOi  vooden  bottoms 
auU  head  balanice  weii^ts). 

«U47.  MaUud  (  Jbm  ImcAmX     Mole.     Hennan  Stntar  A  Bmm,  Borton. 
^5iM5^        **  *'  Female.  *<  » 

«M(Jl  Black  a«ek(Jaata»inim>    Malei  "  " 

Mm.  **  •      '*  Female.  "  " 

MiMix  tU^a-lk«ad  d«ck  (/W^ala  /viiM,  tot.  mmtrkamm).    Kale.    Hennaii 

S^uaWr  Jb  $«■•»  Boetoo. 
MiiiMAk  lb)aa-^M»*iidack(/U^yM(a/friM,Tar.MMrka««).   I^eia^    HcnnaB 

$trttt«>c  Jk  iSoat,  Boeton. 
^Ui;4».  Cauv«»4MH:k  dtt«k  {Fklifuia  tmHkiteria),    Hale.    Hemuui  Strater  & 

[Sou,  BoaUm. 
•AiU^t.  •*  "  Female.  «* 

^^H.  WlU»tW-wia|$d«ck(i}iic9Aa7aa»enoajia).    Uale.  " 

^^tm^  *»  "  Female  ** 

■ii^lHia  ShelOrake  (ifrtyw  ma«ru»ii«).    Male.  «' 

^i^iiU.  "  "  Female.  *' 

■tt^H'.  5turfdutfk(<E*»iaj»er»j»ciHa/o).  " 

Vl!7iy.  lV*.H\v».    l^roiierty  of  J.  A.  KichoU,  Syracuse,  K.  Y.     Contribated 

by  Funwt  Jb  Stxvam  Publiohing  Company. 

iMof  tithes. 
t«i«^*ttlu   IV  II.  Fttihacfa,  Bay  City,  Mich    Used  ia  flihiiig  thnra^ 


SSS3S.  Centennial  dwOi-lAnip.     For  Bport«iniui*(i  haniiug-vngons.     WUUo 

Maun&ictniiu};  Conipnny,  Hridgoport,  Conn, 
90839.  Daali-lamp.     Used  for  huuthig  uuU.  fiahiu<^.     WLit«  Manufactoring 

Company,  Itridp'itort,  Conn. 
3Sd3d.  JacV-liunp.    For  ni^lit-hnntingand  general  camp  obcs.    W1iiU>Maini- 

factnring  Coinpauy,  Bridgeivort,  Conn. 
S5S40.  Julinson'sjack-lnrnp  support.    For  night  bnuting  and  &£hixig.    White 

Manufnrtnring  Conipuny,  Itridgi^port,  Cnnn. 
S5t37.  Fialiiug-luiip.    Whitti  Maaul'ucturiug  Companyr  Bridgeport.  Conn. 

Lanterns  for  we^quoBbin^,  or  fire-fishing,  for  eela. 

S93S&.  Boat-lantornfl.  t'«od  in  bow  of  boat  in  weeqiuutbing  or  spearing  eeU 
by  night.  Southeni  New  England,  Jcunes  H.  Latham,  N'oank, 
Conn. 

1V107.  Biirb-bark  ntetX  for  torvbllglit  fishing.  Fnwimiqnoddy  Indians. 
Eaatport,  M*-.     Dr.  E.  Fnlmfr. 

37739.  Torch  for  night  finliing.    UoUfox,  N.  S.    Capt  H.  C.  Chester. 


47.  CO\'ERg. 


^9tkl€  coTerfl. 


DeiT  lieadK  and  autoloj>o  IkmuIs. 

^iO.  Antelnjtc  decoy.  Made  {torn  brad  of  prong-horn  antelope  (AutifO' 
rapra  amerioaaa).     Preecott,  Ari^.     Dr.  E.  Conr-s,  V.  8.  A. 

—     .  Au(i*lo|>o  d*eoy.    Arizona.     Dr.  J.  H.  White,  U.  8,  A. 

8fi37.  lV*»rdtH-oy.  Mado  frtmi  hpadof  njule-deer(CnTH*wa(To(f»),  Apache 
liidiiuis,    Kdwnrd  Fulutur. 

^lovable  copses. 
Oorrrs  for  hunters. 
iOorent  for  boAt«. 


itlonarv  rorers. 

linutiug  Uxl^*«. 


142     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


X.  PURSUIT,  ITS  METHODS  AND  APPLIANCES. 

48.  Methods  of  transpobtatiok. 

Personal  aids. 

Snow-shoes. 

Skates. 

Alpenstocks  and  staves. 

Portable  bridges. 

Animal  equipments* 

Harness:^ 

Horse-trappings. 

Dog-homess. 

Girtbs,  sincbes. 

Bits,  cabrestos,  spurs. 
Saddles  :> 

Eiding-saddles. 

Pack-saddles. 

Aparejos. 

Kidiiig-pads  (for  bnffalo  hunting). 

Fur  pack-saddle  (Hudson's  Bay  Territory), 
Vehicles: ' 

Decr-sledges.  % 

Dofj-slcilges. 

"Wagons. 

Dog-carta, 

Kish-carts,  used  in  Nantucket. 

Boats. 

Hunting-boats,  fishing-boats : 

liircU  canoes. 
Birch-bark  canoes. 

Used  by  Iiidinns  in  hunting  and  finbing. 

2C)Ctlo.  Bnrk  cnnoo.    I^nsHamnqnoddy  Indians.    Eastport,  Me.     E.  Palmer. 
2G(I14.  Burk  cniioe.    Sixteen  feet  long,  tbirty-«vpTi  inches  wide    Montagu 

nnnl  Iiidinnn  of  BesnuiiH.    Labrador.    E.  11.  Powell. 
■firtO.  Bark  eanoo.    (Model.)    Lower  Ingalik,  Ala»ka.    W.  H.  Dall. 
STkS.  IJark  canoe.    (Model.)    Cliippcway  Indiana,  Athabasca  and  Great 
Slave  Lakes,     n.  K.  Ross. 
2358.  Bark  eanoe.    (Model;   scale, about  1  inch  to  foot.)     Xorthcastcm 
America.     J.  Vni-den. 


Arranged  with  EthuologicAl  seriea. 


'JUnUAL  UESOineCES  and  fisheries  of  united  STATEa.     143 

BircMiark  canoes. 

600.  B»rk  QAUiM^.    (MMlel.)    Slave  Iiitlions  of  MacIco»zi«'«  Bivcr.     Fort 

Simpson,  H.  B.  T.     B.  K.  Rons. 
A41.  Bark  runo(\     (Model.)    Upper  Colombia  RItct.     n.  Oibba. 
1S107.  Btrt'li-liark,  lutctlin  umnnfucttiro  of  ciinocs.    Pas«uuni|UiMl(ly  Indians. 

Eutport,  Me.     K.  Palmer. 


TTooden  sea  canoes. 

Used  by  lodiana  of  Nortlitrcst  const  iu  liuuting  anil  fishiug. 


flOCOS. 
13I(W. 

S05M. 
KM. 

1T8&. 

itoet. 


Wootlcti  can<K*.     Korthwert  conat.    J.  G.  Swan. 

Wooduu  canoe.     (Model.)    Qaecn  Chnrlotto  I&land.    J.  G.  8wan. 

Woo<lrn  PoncM*.     (Md<IcI.)    Nor1bwe«t  coast.     U.  &.  Kxplorinji;  Expo- 

diriim.     Cftpt-  cniArlen  Wilkt^s,  V.  8.  N. 
Woo^ku  eanoo,     (Model.)    lJ<!ll.i  BellA^  B.  f'.    J.  G.  Swan. 
WoodiMi  c*no«.     (Modol.)    Orr^'^u.     U.   8.  Exploiing  Expedition. 

Capt.  Cbiulea  Wilkea,  U.  8.  N. 
Woo«l«n  canoe.     (Model).     Nortbwevt  coMt.     Dr.  Geargo  Bnoklcy. 
Wo<k1oii  canop.     (ModoL)    Alaska.     Lientcnant  Ring.  U.  B.  N. 
Wooden  canoe.    (Model.)    Tluidah  Indians.     Priiicouf  Wales  Island, 

Abudea.    J.  O.  Swan. 


'oodcn  canoos. 


Uaed  by  Indians  of  ibo  Northwest  coftHt  in  whaling  and  sea  fisheries. 
907%. 

030. 


Wooden  cjinoo, 
WotNlen  canoe. 
Wotjden  canoe. 
Wooden  canoo. 

Wooden  canoe. 
Wooden  canoo. 

Swan. 
Woodcin  eanoe. 

W.  H.  Dall. 

W4KHlfU  t'HUtK>, 

WiKidctn  r-aiicir. 
WiMHicn  csjuie. 
WtKMleu  eanoo. 


(no  fef^t  Ioujl;.)    British  Columbia.     J.  Q.  Swan. 
(Moflel.)    Ritko,  Alaiika.    W.  H.  Ball. 

Alaska.    Dr.  J.  B.  White. 

Alaska.  " 

North  west  roast.     OeoT;go  Oibbs. 

Keab  Bay,  Washington  Territory.    J.  G. 


(Model) 
(Model.) 
(Model.) 
(Modtd.) 


(Model, painted.)    Ihliuket  Indians.    Sitka,  Abijika. 


Northwest  coast.     George  Gibbs. 
Vancouver's  Isliinil,    Dr.  C  B.  Kenncrly, 
It  it 


fMoilel.) 
(Model.) 
(Mmlel.) 

Mwlel  of  Haidah  canoe  (with  masts  and  pnshhig 
sticks,  for  traveling,  Ashing,  &c.).    Queen  Charlotto  Island.    J 
G.  Swan. 
.Wooden  canoe.     Motlnl  of  Haidah  canoo  (for  deop  sea  and  war) 

(^nren  Cliarlotto  IslauiL    J.  G.  Bwau. 
Wooden  canrH\    M(Nb-1  of  wooden  eiuiw  (with  masts,  paddles,  push 

lugHiticks,  and  ivory  liurp<M>iui).     J.  G.  Swan. 
WotKb'U  euiHK'.    Model  of  Cogwell  canoe  (for  deep  sea  and  war) 

2-1utbcad  IndiaiM.     J.  G.  ti^won. 
WrMMlrn  raiuM*.     British  Columbia.    J.  O.  Swan. 


\'.  iiioe 

J.  O,  eiwnu. 


Dug-ont  canoe  (GO  feet  long).    British  Culiunbla. 


144     AKIMJU.  RESOURCES  AMD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATE& 


Boat§. 


Kyaks  or  bidarkas. 

Used  by  Ealdmoe  of  Arctic  America  in  htmiing  and  fiahing. 


ao(ii7. 

14971. 
10275. 
14971. 
HlGOii. 
11:^7. 

14970. 
91604. 
«1006. 

21010. 
aiGOG. 

S66ia 

14750. 

S330. 


Kyak.    (13  feet  9  inches  long,  30  inches  wide.)     North«r«i 

Sitka,  AIoslcA.    WUliun  Btirling. 
Kyak.    (Model.)    Alaska.    W.  H.  DuU. 
(Model.)    Kodiak.  " 

(Mudd.one  hole.)    Alaska.    W.  H.  Dall. 
(Model. ono  hole.)    AlaAko.    Dr.  .7.  «.  Whit*. 
(Motlol,  two-hole.)     Koloflhes, Al(;[itiiui  Islands.     Cspt. 
B.  SauiU. 
Kjak.    (Mod«l.)    AJfutian  IsUudH.    W.  H.  Dall. 
(Model,  3-bolo.)    Alaska.    Dr.  J.  B.  AVhIte. 
(Model,  3-holc.)    Alaska.  *' 

(Modfc^1,3-hole.)    Alaska.  " 

(Model.  4-hole.)    Ahwko.  " 

(Model.)     Uaab««t  Kskimow    Norton  Sound,  AUuka. 
U.  Dall. 
Kyuk,    Eighteen  fe«t1ong,  22  incbeA  wide.   Grmnland.    Eskimo  J4 
Kyak.    (Model.)    £a«t  coast,  Upexnavik.    Dr.  Hayes. 
Kyak.      (Model,    vith    bini-s|iear,   harpoon,  ood  eeal-«kin  fl< 

EBkimos.  Tosiock,  North  OnM^ulaiid.    Prof.  8.  F.  Baird. 
Kyak.     (Model,  with  binl-Hpear,  lancea,  and  upear-redt. )     Am 
River  Eskimos.    Mackenzie's  River  dlatziot.    R*  SiacFarloAt. 


Kyak. 
Kyak. 
K,>'ak. 
Kyak. 


Kyak. 
Kyak. 
Kyak. 
Kyak. 
K>'ak. 


UmiakH  or  bidarraa. 

Used  by  Rakimos  in  whaling  and  soa  fisheries. 

109H.  Umiak.     (Model.)    Fort  AndeiBcn,  II.  H.  T.    Robert  MorFarlaas. 
150ia  Umiak.    (Model  of  frame. )    Halnt  Lawrence  Island,  Alaska.    U. 
Elliolt. 


ludiau  ratVboats. 

Usod  in  hunting  and  fishing. 

19028.  Raft  of  tul6  grass.    (Model.)    Pt-Utc  Indlxms.    Pyraaid I«ake, 
Stephen  Powets. 

'Dug-out  canoes. 

Used  by  Indians  of  Paciflo  coast. 

S13G8.  Dug-out  canoe.    (Blodul.)    Hoopob  Indians,  TriaJty  Ri\*«r,  CoL 
31359.  Dug-out  canoo.    (ModeL)  **  •* 

Dug-oat  canoe. 

Used  ia  river  flsheries  of  the  Southern  States. 

96728.  Dug-out  coooe.    (Model;  scale,  inch  lo  lom.j    e«ini  Joba  ■  tut* 
Florida.    Franoia  C.  Goodc. 


AKlilAJL  Rt^SOURCeS  AND  FISHKBIE8  OP  UNITED  STATES.     145 


Baal*. 


Pormblo  boats. 

SK05.  lleKvmiui  poHablo  foltUuK  hoiki.    heuffh,  10  ft'et;  \Tultb.  3  fcot. 
Ili*s<-aiuu  I'urlublo  rnlrling  Boat  Conipauy,  Bollatou  8pa,  N.  Y. 
Dtrcrllnu.H  iVtr  m'ttiii;;  up  lioiit: 
I,  irnfolil  lliti  t'rautr. 

£.  f1ac««  ll)«<  kiK-ew  ami  seats  in  piwition  iMrfurv  ffutoiuu^  llii>  Itottom- 
tw\  mM'A'um  nt  l)ir  ciidH  of  llm  iMiiit. 
FamIcu  the  bottoiu-«ml  sKctinii  tu  (bo  i-ikU  of  tho  bu:it  1>y  tl)i> 
tbumb-wruws. 
4.  Plocv  on  the  cnnvna  witli  the  cords  uitl  tic  in  a  single  loop  (or  hovr 
knut). 

me.  Model  of  Colviu  portable  csnvits  bout.    (Palcnt«il  Oct.  &,  1974.)    R. 
A*  8oott  Jk  Co.,  Albany,  X.  V. 

*'Tbi8  Inmt  cooBiats  of  a  cimvas  oit«rior  made  tborouj;hly  wntor-proof 

hj  ft  prcpnration  wbich  pri'WTvea  tho  *(tron(jth  nf  the  couvaa  and  proventa 

iW-AV  uml  <txiil.itini).     It  IN  tihjiped  like  u  cuuoi-,  Hbftri>  lit  IxHli  ends,  ami 

rittH  thf  wutrr  liantlHoniidy.     Alon^  the  Miles  and  bottom  arc  leatbcr 

tlionK*f  by  which  the  boiiRhs  and  lijulia  cut  for  frame  can  bo  loHhtHl  bo- 

itriy  to  tho  ruiiviw,  with  the  nsaistaiK**  of  tho  fnur  leufher  franiintc 

Ibirlu  or  sftoket*  (two  for  eaih  end),  whitdi  connect  the  utem  and  otcm 

|KNira(ur  prow  piccen)  uitli  the  keeliion,  and  it  can  bo  readily  ])nt  together 

iui>wb<i*  In  tlio  wrwilfi,  no  tools  being  required  for  tho  pnritose,  excepting 

fimh  B.%  tin*  ntirai/M  cttrrini  by  a  jmrty  nf  ^portanii'U,  or  ollien*.  an  bx  or 

Ju»t*'b»rt  *>«Iy  iH'inj;  nredf^l,    Tim  ^xhidoofii  can  bt-  ]>ackt'd  n way  in  a 

kdce  24  iiK-bcH  lori);,  H  inrlicA  widr,  and  •!  incbea  thick.     The  alze  now 

larf**  (X".  3),  altSotit^h  bnt  liJ  feet  Iimik.  ^^'H  carrj'  six  men,  or  four  men 

rilh  their  occcanary  ba^gap'.  bjhI  wcijriw  but  Vi  ponud«  when  ndled  up, 

\>rv\\  ti-fllcd  in  a  heavy  sea  with  i\  frame  (if  gn-cn  bonghw  cnl  only 

ifcoara  Imforc,  and  cjutiinI  a  weight  of  7U0  xtouuilii  tuifely  and  easily. " 

85(fnMJ6-113.  Mode]  of  Fcnner's  poHublu  boat.    Wltli  eauvos  bottom.    C. 
A-  Fermer,  Myntie  River,  Connecticut. 

OiHi  of  tbcM)  ino<lels  ]a  jihown  closed  up  iu  it«  case  ready  for  traunportA- 
tlotii  the  other  M«t  np  for  use. 

Canoe*. 


98619.  r«por  canoo  "  Maria  Thereaa."    N.  H.  Dishop,  Lake  Oeorgo,  N.  T. 

Designed  by  Rev.   Tia^len  Vowcll,  of  England;  built  by  E.  Wat^TH  & 
Bon*,  of  Trny,  N.   V.      Dimeutiiona:  length,   14  feet;  beam,   2H  inchcM; 
rpth  (amldKliip),  tf  iuohott;  weight  of  cunoe,  58  puundH;  weight  of  cii- 
»t,   13(>  poundn;  weight  of  (mtfU,  tK)  ixnindft;    total,  27H  jmnndti, 
iMtm*^  hy  Mr.  N.  II.  Hinhop  (fnmi  Troy.  N.  Y.,  'i,O00  miles)  while  on  IHk 
ftngvogtrnpbical  juuniey  fmni  thr  Gulf  of  Saint  Luwn-uco  to  thi<  Gulf  of 
MaxSco.  9,500  mllen,  during  l'*74  and  |f*7.'j.     Since  the  completion  of  the 
V'  t  injuries  the  IniU  tiufttaincMl  were  rrmedlcd  by  tlu*  tiimple  appli- 

.  slu-i't  of  jinprr  and  a  coat  of  hlipllue  vaniish  to  the  outMiibi  of 
ttwrtt.     Whrii  iti  iiMc  a  pii'C(i  iif  ranvrw  eovrr>i  the  uudeeki*il  jiart  itf  tho 
noe  and  ket  pi  tin-  iii(rrM>r  di*>-.     Watrr-conrmv*  travrnwd  by  Mr.  Dlthoii 
dtuiuf^  1^4  and  li^5:  tYom  Quebec,  rivcra  Saint  Lawrvnce  aud  Kicheliuu, 

Bun,  N.  M.  No.  14 10 


146     ANIMJLL  BES0U8CES  AXD  FrSHERIES  OF  UXITED  STATES, 

Boats. 

Cauocd. 

Lak«  Cliamplain.  and  cocol  to  Albany;  tb«  Had«>n,  KUl  Von  Knll.  aaA{ 
Karitan  ri%'(^a  ami  caiml,  and  the  Iiclawan^  Xo  riiilndrlpliiu;  I>ota* 
KivLT  niuL  bay  t4>Cui>o  Hpiiliii>cn,  nnd  uit^^Hiir  imlt-\vut'>r  |iaasagc«* 
uf  M»r>ittnd  and  Virginia  to  Norfolk;  the  Eli/ahi'th  Rivi-r  ami  canal  t< 
Cturituck  Botmd,  AU>ciTu.irlL>,  Pamlico.  Co\'c,  Bogue,  Stump,  auil  otli«] 
aouiids,  to  ui'ur  W'ilniiiif^ou,  N.  C. ;  Wocrainftii  River  to  Gforg«lowii,  i<* 
C. ;  bj  aalt-water  cnwkA,  rirors,  bayn,  and  soiuidn  along  the  cott:&t  of  t1 
United  States  to  FIori<ta ;  trom  Atlaatic  coast,  via  Baiut  Mory'a  uul 
wounce  livcre,  to  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

*JQGiS.  Btca  Lako  cauoo.     WUliaui  EngUah,  Pct43rborougb,  Ootaria. 

Coracles  or  skiu  boats. 

9785.  Skill  boat.     Hiduiza  (Gro<  Fcntrca)  ludluoo.    Fort  Baford,  Dakt 
Dr.  W.  Mulhewsj  V.  S.  A. 

TVTiale  boat  (used  in  Miialo  flsliorics). 

2iSm.  Whale-boat.    (Model,  with  all  fittings ;  *cale,  1  iacli  to  foot )    C»| 

L.  Howlund.  'Savr  Bedfonl,  Moss. 
^am.  Whole-boat.    (Model.)    C.  H. Shut«  &  Son,  Edgartown,  Mom. 
SG830.  Whalu-boat,  35  feet  long.    WUUama,  Haven  &.  Co.,  Now  Lmu 

Conn. 
This  boat  ia  inoanted  with  all  the  gear  tuod  in  the  ci^iture  of  the  vl 

Sciue-boat 


95877.  llodol  of  Capo  Aun  seine-boat. 
Moaa. 


Hlggina  St  Gifford,  Q\ 


Tilts  ino<lvl  shows  the  fittings  manufjictarod  fur  soinc-boats  hy 
Criltendea  &  Co.,  Middletuwnf  Conn.,  to  wit:  olcut,  Blcni-c»p> 
block  fur  pursing-Rvino,  stcrring-onrlock  with  st«ni  sockot,  socket 
on  aide  of  stern  for  steering,  davit-iron,  tow-imn,  tow-link  and  l»nok. 
Jajiag-pin,  oor-holdcr.  diivit-gnard  and  stt'p-platc,  broasi-bra4ri«  odiI 
plate  or  oar-holdcr  swivL'U,  all  of  which  arc  shown  iu  tht-lr  pr 
by  fbU-sizo  modols. 

^orySf  8hari)icSf  and  dingiea. 

25667.  Nantucket  dory.    (Model;  scale,  1  inch  to  the  <bot.>    WUUam 
Cboso. 
Used  iu  gathf^ring  claiUA  fur  rKHlilsh-boit. 
1SS78.  New  England  dory.    (Mmlcls;  scale,  1  inch  to  tbc  fool.) 

&  Stoveua,  Ferryvillo,  M«. 
13493.  New  KugUud  dor>-.    (Modvl;  sroJit,  1  iacb  tO  tlwi  foot.)    at 
&.  Stoveos,  Fcrryrllle,  Mo. 
I'mmI  in  coast  lljtbcriiNi  and  bank  cod  Aalinriea. 

3475*2.  Conuepfiriit  nhnr^iy,  (lH'al»,  1  iucb  totluifoof*)    Capt.  H,  C.  Cli««t«r, 
Noank,  Couii. 


HartWfl  Tinf^ynrtl  pinlcic-bnnt. 
WlUiAm  n.  ChiMT. 
Ueol  in  shnrc  fiaberiM. 
Xnmmn'ii  Lnml  piiikii^-lioat.     (MihIpI  ;  schIc,  iucU  to  thofoot.)    Capt. 
WilUnu)  (.'li'velrtiiil,  Vinf.vnnl  Hnveu,  Moss, 
UMd  in  ooil  and  coa«t  tiAliericH. 

■Iciffg. 

ifiuting  aod  fii»bint;  in  mouiitatii  lak<-ei. 


96821.  Adirondack  boat.     FilII  size.     Frederick  D.  Gravc^B,  mak^r,  Boston, 
Uua. 

9S681.  JkdErandjwk  boat.  (Model;  Acalo*  i  iacU  to  the  foot.)  Frulcrick  D. 
Graved,  umker,  BoHton,  Mow. 
DlmeiuionB:  15  foet  long,  3  f*M.it  SinobefiTvidr;  velgbt^  75  to 80  pottnda. 
For  tho  OM  of  it]x>rtAUii'n  thifl  l>oat  i»  cltunivd  to  excel,  on  account  of  ita 
rrtrtme  Jightan*  and  durabitity,  ono  man  being  able  by  means  of  a  yoke  to 
carry  the  •ame  to  any  distaace  vritUout  fiitigiic.  TbiM  bont  is  abw  adapte<l 
fitr  fumily  piirintitea,  the  patent  rotelock  enabling  the  most  inexperieueeit 
rvirtT  of  ciiUcr  sex  to  propel  the  boat  with  ciise  ami  peiffcl  safety,  and 
-without  liny  [K»«bible  cbiinco  of  loaiug  tht*  oarti. 
BeV.  Aiwablf  boat.     (Model.)    D.  L.  Fitzliu«h,  Jr.,  Bay  City,  Mich. 

Used   in   trout   and  gmyliug  Ibdiinf;:,   with  wcU  fur  llvn  fish, 
liength,  IG  feet;  sideA  twelve  inches  hi^h  inside,  2  feet  lU 
inebrs  wide  ou  to]i,  'J  iW-i  4  inches  at  bottuui. 
*fialnl  LawmncfT  iKiiif.     (Lt^nyth,  ly  feet;  vridth,  43  inches. )     Henry 
Kwe4>tnrati,  Clujton,  N.  Y. 
Vsvil  in  tndlin;;  ill  thoTliousandlialaiidregion.    Lcii^h.  10  feet; 
tridth,  4Uiuchea. 
ttOttX  Aleiundrin  nay  beat.  (Model.)  Coriiwalld:  Walton,  Ah  xamliia,N.Y. 
L'n«hI  for  hunting  and  fishing  in  the  Adirondaiks  and  the  Saint 
Lawrvncc. 

boats. 

S4D00.  !dtfW  KniUui')  huiMmiuI,     (M<Mlr1i  wabs  9  inehes  to  ttw  l^ttt.) 
gin  Si  Stirldoti,  uiakrrs,  lloston,  MnMK. 
UmmI  in  biirhor,  lake,  and  river  tisheKea. 
3&WL  Whitrhall  boat  (18  feet).     (Model;  scale.  ^  inches  (0  the  foot.)    Cr*- 

■■■■   »    '^lii.-ldnn,  Itostun,  Moss. 
SfiOOD.  ^  t.     (MiMlcl;  senio,  H  inches  to  the  foot.)    Cragio  «&  Shel- 

kiMii,  tH>4ton,  MaM. 
L'ujTie*!  l*y  coasten  and  Itshiug  smacks. 


148      AKlMiO.  RE30CRCK3  AND  FISHEBIES  OP  UNITED  8TA.TES. 

Boat«». 


Sea  boat^. 

3*^16.  Sail  FranclRoo  yawt.     (Mwl*!.)    Liviiigeton  Stoue. 

UiMHl  by  Iralian  tisbonnen  wn  cowtt  of  CiUlfomift. 
S50^  Nfliitmki't  Hurhor  iMmL     (Modclj  m-^If,  1  inch  to  the  foot.)    W. 
ChAfic. 

V»i^  in  harbor  Hsliing. 

Oyster-cauoes. 

35003.  CIie9Ai>oakc  oyMer-canoo  (made  from  two  logs).     (Model;  iciklr. 
iucb  tu  thv  loot.)    Mi^jor  T.  It.  Fergnsun,  Mnryloni:!  Pbih  Cai 
aioii. 

I'wU  for  oystcr-rakiiig  in  Cbefwpcake  Bay. 
S500'2.  Ctit««ipfnko  puuo^-iiiiirjjry.    (Modfl;  wati*.  1  incbto  lliofoot.)    Ul 
T.  It.  Kprgunon.  Murylantl  FUh  Commiflidnn. 
Uaetl  ia  oyBtcr-dixHlj^iug  in  Clienpeak«  Bay. 

Ducking-lioats. 

S5(K>8.  Eg};  HarlH>r  Imut.     (Model;  Bcolt',      ineh  to  Uie  fmit.      P.  Qi 
New  York  City. 

Vsud  fur  bnutin^  iu  iiinr»bi'9  oud  bays. 
26630.  Cedar    dnck-bout    **  Central    Kepublto."     Duilt  by    Capl.  Gt 
Bogart,    atirfinaii,    Maiiabawkcn,    Ocean    Couuty,   Xrw    J« 
DlmeiiMiniut:  Vi  feet  b'lig,  beam  3  feet  U  inu'bws  lUrplU  Itf  iikrl 
J».  H.  Bi^Iiiip.  Liike  George,  X.  y. 
Tliin  in  Ibe  boai  iu  wbivb  Mr.  NnibniiicI  IT.  Itisbop,   nf  f*akr  Grat 
Warrt»n  Comity,  Xew  York  State,  rowod  fhuii  Pitljjburg,  Ta^  tU 
andMiMisfjipp't  llivcniniid  (beOulf  of  Mi^xico  (V,*iOllinib*a)lo  C/nlar  Kir 
Flu.,  wbilo  on  liifi  second  (jengrapbical  cxiM'ilitinti  duriuf;  IH7r>-7f». 
S0623.  New  Jet-Hcy  tneuk-box.    (Model;  Hcalo,  1  Uich  Iu  the  foot.)    Joka 
ni!rf»nl,  Tiukertoti.N.  J, 
Tbeao  bo.its  are  from  twtdvo  to  foiuteen  feet  in  leugtb ;  llu*  Bbr1vio^< 
Bidcbnards  ou  tbo  sleru  of  the  bont  arv  iiseil  to  hold  the  d<*c<>ya  while 
hnnter  rown  to  and  from  tbu  ftbootiiig  ground.    Umnl  by  gtinaeni  on 
uegat  and  Little  Egg  IIarl>or  Hay*,  Nciw  Jeraey. 
LN%1.>!.  Maiylainl  duckiug-siiik.     (Model;  urab*,  1  inch  to  foot.)    J.G.Ai 
l*Med  by  guimen  ou  the  I'olomac  River  and  CbcvapcAlc*  ! 

Cat-rigged  lisliiiiK-boats. 

1S099.  Bay  of  Fnndy  cat-bont.    (Model ;  ficali>t  i  inoli  to  tbo  toot>)    Caj; 

Hnllct.  llaMport,  Me. 
Vswl  in  beiTing  ti.Hherieti. 
SG036.  MnrtlmV  Vineynrd  ent-ltoat-     (Models  «caIo,  4  iudi  to  lb* 
NVilliain  II.  CbuiM-. 
Um^I  iu  eoiuit  llHheriP9. 
29537.  Provideuee  Rirer  eat-lKint.     (Model;  aenio,      inch  to  tku  foot.) 
M.  K.  Sonthwiek,  Xtnrport,  R.  I, 
Tbnw  boatji  vnrj*  iu  length  (Wim  l-ltn  Idifwt.aml  roM  fro:    '- — '      ' 
VtN.*d  by  totister  tbtheries  and  bi»ok  aud  Hnu  fiAherieA.     Iliii  1 1 
(lonl. 
9BSS&,  Tvro-ma8t(Ml  cal-ltoat.     (Model;   wale,  nltOMt  ^  likcli  t«  tbn 
JuUn»on  A  Youuli,  Ditnton,  Miimm. 

L'iK*d  iu  New  England  lobster  daburiiw. 


ASlUiX  aCSOUECES  JLSD  FISHEBIES  OF  UKITED  STATES.     149 


BoaCv* 


Schooner-riggrtl  lUliiiij^-veSiiels. 

«»».  XoMik  lolmtvi^boun     (Modol.)    Cnpt,  H.  C.  CUertor,  Noauk,  Conn. 
'X62i.  Bloiik  Ultiiul  iKiat    (MfNlel;  »cible«  i  iuch  to  tbo  foot.)    Cupt.  II.  C. 
L'luwlcr. 
Vtnul  ill  cod  Gslii'rics  mill  ahorr  llHhci-ieii. 
85T30.  UsmaclituotU  HcIjuouor-HuiiicU.     (MoUcl;  hcoIcv  i  luch  to  the  foot.) 
Willioju  H.  Cliaw>,  Boftt4>n,  Muj>ii. 
UmnI  in  iiiiioktirrl  fialu'rit^  ttiut  tvinier  oyster  trndc, 
SS73L  31aluu  flL>liO(iucr-iimack.     (Motlul;  bcoIi*,  ^  iuch  tu  tlu*  I'lmt.)    Citpt. 
H.  C,  <.'hej(wr. 
V«ctl  iu  liauk  cixl  fiKberioa  aud  rastorri  luiicUcrcI  fisborien. 
9GC36.  Oyat'Dr-wliooutr.    (Mudil;  wjili*,  I  iufb  tu  ihf  foot.)   T.  B.  Ferguson, 
Mao'land  Kkli  Coumiissiun. 
L'aed  in  oj-atcr-ilrt'dglnf;  iu  ClieBai)eiike  Boy. 
9tti64.  8cbooncr-8iunck.    (Model;  bciiU',  about  |  iucb  to  tho foot.)    JohuHou 
Jk  Young,  Uost4in,  MasH. 

Emplii.vi'd  iu  tbo  Xew  Euj^land  lobster  flKliaricn. 
'Ja7'if7.  Noiuik  w>-ll-«mack.     (Model;  scale,  i  uicli  to  tbo  foot.)    }I.  C.  Cb«»- 
ter,  Xmuik,  Conn. 
8ap]dica  fj-enh  ftsh  to  local  markt'ts  and  New  York  ittHl-rish  trade. 
!24d(?3.  8cllOuuc^-.^  Bcbt.    (Model;  m^uI*-,  1  Lucb  tutberuut.)   William  II.  Cbo^c. 

Urtt-'d  iu  pui'Huit  of  flword-linb  and  Idue-I^.tbiug. 
***^»"   Glaaceflt4<ir  Bcbooucr-^iuack,  atylo  1835.     (Model.)    M.  M.  MeFudyu. 
First  fomi  of  Hbar|t-I>o\vcd  wbo<jncr,  imt  of  wbieh  ibo  prewrut 
Glouce.*ler  oi-boouiT  was  dcvclo|"*d. 
'iJ^ld.  01d-fiu«Uiouc>d  topiufwt  (M-lifHiufr.     (Mim1i>1.)     A.  U.  Crittrndpu. 
'JfS^ol.  i>ebooncr-amaok,     (Model;  acule,  about  ^  inch  to  tUu  I'm)!.)   Johtisoa 
&.  Youitfc,  ItoHton,  MoHA. 

L'»ed  ill  (bi*  Xew  £uf;laud  lobster  Hsberies. 


%VbaIing-ahlp.     (M(NioL)    C.  H.  Shute  &  Sou,  Edgartown,  Maw. 

frow  eugagt'd  iu  cutting  in  the  Idiibbcr. 
\\*liallag-borU.     (Mmlel ;  Sfule,  i  iurb  to  tbe  f(»ot.)     U.  &  Fisll  Coin- 
iuiiu»i</n. 
L'si^d  in  Tiortbom  whole  fiaheriefl. 
Merchant  sUip.    (Modul;  i*cale,  i  iucb  to  the  foot.)    U.  8.  Finh  Com- 
ujiivijou. 
TTaed  In  foreign  irado. 

if  Great  Lako.s. 

Mackiuaw  bont.     (Model.)    J.  \V.  MiliuT. 

Used  in  tinberies  of  thi«  npiwr  jxrent  lukes. 
"Norwt-giiuiboal"    (M.Mbd.)    J.  W.  Miluer. 
t'-wd  in  Ijukc  Micbignn  lUhericH. 

;.onnd  Inrnt.     (Motlrl.)     .J.  \V.  Milnrr. 
•Ill  boat.    (.Mwbd.)     .1.  W.  MUm-r. 
I'sed  iu  Great  Lake  tUlierle«. 


tiuT   wji  ii   tM'nie-bOiitfl.      (Model.)      JotH'pb   Lawk*r| 
I.     (Model.)     N.  Crooks,  SUIwiwdiw.,  Wig. 


150      ANIMAL  HESOtJECES  AND  FISHEHIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


StL\'uiiers. 

25027.  Oill-uct  stcamor.    (M<mIv1  ;  scale,  1  hicli  to  5  frot  5  Inchca.) 

UBcd  in  hake  Michigan  flohiTieit. 
350-37.  "Cnniel"  floating-dock.     (Model;  scale,  1  inch  to  &  feet  &  iflchcs.] 

William  H.  Chikse. 
96806.  ''Caiufl"  lluutiii;{-iluck.    Model  of  atoaxuthip  Cuba.     I>c|>u«it«l  bj 
F.  McFuddi-n,  rhiladolpbia. 

Uiiilt  iu  li>l'J  for  llouttnif  loadvd  shipM  nvr.r  Xaiitnrkrt  bux. 

Apparatus  accessory  to  rig^lag  tiMhong-vesseBK. 


Blocks. 


2&8i2]. 

35820. 

2580J. 

S5804. 

25605. 

35610. 

fi51S2. 

23617. 

3S618. 

3&81S. 

S5616. 

S58ir», 
26814. 

3r>8l3. 


Tbrco  aiugle  iron-«hoarcd,  plaiu-boolc  t-ikcVIo  hlocks.     Waller  Col 

Tiiftii  A^  Sons,  Provid«inri\  U.  I. 
Two  doiiblt!  i ru n -!*!»: a vod,  plaiu-Uook  tocUlo  blocks.     WalU'f  Col 

tuan  Jit  Houh,  Pr«>videuL'i'.  R.  I. 
'*Drrad-<»ye''  bloi^k.    I'swd  lo  wpure  lUc  Rtnndlikg  or  flx<<d  rij^f^nf;  '■ 

tlip  bull  of  the  vowM'l.     Walter  Colrnmn  JL  Soiih,  IVovidcurr.  B, 
*'Hi»nrt"  lilock,     I'wd  to  Bccnrc  the  stutidiug  or  lixM  rtjjgirig  tn 

bull  of  lli«  vcMsol.     Wultrr  Coluinikii  Al  .Sou.%  Providence,  R.  I. 
'*  Bult'6-<'yo  "  bloRk.     Vacii  to  Accnrc  the  Htoiidioju;  or  lixoil  rigxine  14 

tbo  bull  ot'tbo  Ye««cl.    Walter  ColcioAu  A,  Sous,  Ituvlilrucr,  B. 
One  8iuKl<^  bnies-ttbeiivi'd,  ^itdvr-book  tackle  bbH-k.     Wall4;r  Col 

man  A.  8onH,  Trovidftncc,  R.  I. 
Setieft  of  iHiat-blockB.     Usetl  ou  f)|uull  fwbiiijj-boal*  uruniid  Cft|»r 

and  Ne^vport.     Wilcox,  Crittmidea  <&.  Co..  Middletowit,  Couei. 
One  rdn^lo  bra«.H-»brnv<M|,  itister>bouk  tavUo  block.     Wa)l4<r  Ci 

man  A:-  S<Hm,  Pruvidimcr,  It.  I. 
One  double  ii-un-nlicavcfl,  Biittor-hook  tackle  block.      \ValU>r  C< 

man  &.  Stnis,  I'nnidiMico,  K.  I. 
Bound  blouk.    For  Jib-abect&  uud  small  croft.     Walter  CoteBuw 

Sons,  Providence,  R.  I, 
Two  dintldfbruNA-Hbrnvetl,  pluin-book  tucklo  block.      Waller  d 

mail  &  Sons,  l*ro%*idence,  IL  I. 
Comuioii  iiidi  MbeuYo.    Walter  Colonian  &.  Soiw,  Providonr**,  R.  1, 
Plain  tirabs  ttbeave.    WHlt^-r  Coleman  Jt  Soua,  I*roviden«%  R.  t. 
Pntont  brass-rtillor  Aheavo.    Waltrr  C'oU-inun  A-  Soiis,  I*rDvi4l«*i>f«, 
Improved  swivel-hook.    For  blot-ks  and  s'*«'*r.il  ntn'.    Daiiitt)  W 

I'n^vidouc**,  K.  I. 


Clews  aiul  linakii. 

25139.  Ship's  clow  for  cotUBM.     WUcox,  Crittenden  A.  Co.,  Uiild]*>(4nni,] 

[C* 
^140.  Eariug-rittg. 
3.M41.  Throat-ring. 
255W1.  8aU-vlt'W. 
S&l^.  $orieH  uf  Bprrtoclv  or  fore-and-afl  rtirn-s.      With  {uitrnt  olrw-tlUl 

blf*.     Wilcox,  frittt-nilen  Jk  Co.,  Midtlli>t»vm,  Conn. 
S013<;.  ImpfuvL'd  beurt-«'luw.    Wilcox,  Crjtteudou  &  Co.,  UlJdUltwwou 
«S14y.  Tack-ring.  •*  '• 

!J&IJ?.   Senrfc  of  trtJiMlll  el^w-lwwH.  •'  »• 

35l:to.  Si^tivA  uf  L'luw-bunL  "  •< 


JOi  K»B0D£CE8  AMD  FISHERIES  Of  UNITED  STATES.     151 

ApparalUH  accesftory  to  ri^^inff  fi^hins- vessels. 

dewd  and  luink^. 

9M7Su  Cloment'fl  patent  sclf-oiljiuting  jib-luutk.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  & 

Co.,  X[i(Iill»ti)wn,  Conn. 
S&X4X  Jib-head,  wliU  patent  clow-thimblfi,  nacd  when  tbd  Jib  hoa  been 

Ntrt^tcbed  too  much;  tbt^  jib  is  ehortiMiod  at  tbo  bi'ud;  and  the  Jib- 

lit^nd  in  ntlachtNt  to  Ibc  bail.    Wilroi,  Crittendru  A.  Co.,  Middle- 

(oirn,  Conn. 
'96B03L  Jib-bank.    Goes  on  jil>-atuy  to  bold  the  buU  to  it.    Walter  Coleman 

■Al  Sin».  Providcuri',  R,  I. 
S537T.  Wooden  Jlb-hanlc.    t^atuui^l  Elwcll,  jr.,  Glonecster,  Mai». 
95130,  Scriwof  aingle^tay  jib*hauks.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  A-  Co.,  MidilU'- 

[town,  Couu, 
a&157.  Series  of  dnnble^t-ttyjlb-hnnks.  *'  " 

ti5$lw.  Self-siljnsling  jib-bank  for  dimble  stay.  ClemonfspAtont.  Wilcox, 
Crilti'Mdfn  &  Co.,  Midilktown,  Conn. 

SSfill.  Patent  iwlf-adjnHtinK  jib-bank.  Clement's  patent  Wilcox,  Crit- 
tenden JL  Co.,  Middli'town,  Conn. 

94GU.  Jil»-4lie«t  block  (pcculinr  to  Gloucester  fi&bing'vessolB).  Samuel 
ElwcH,  jr.,  (tloocestvr,  Muhs. 

9S12&,  Tratt's  patent  jib-bank  or  yacbt-jib,     Wileox,  CiittcutU-n  St.  Co., 

[Middlptovm,  Couu. 

eSfifO?.  Uook-and-eyo  for  iMiunet  of  jib.  '*  " 

£M99.  Liue-cbnck  fur  wliaU'-bont.    Provlncetown  style.    William  W.  Smith, 

rrovincetowu,  Mow. 
S^ldO,  Lioe-chook  for  vrbulc-boat.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  ^  Co.,  Middlctown, 

[CODU. 

BSaul.  Itow-ehocks.  "  » 

»lil&.  Bont-ebncbs,  "  " 


Boat-books. 


QTiOm  Whaler's  Inrgo-ring  boat-bouk.     E.  B.  &.  T.  Macy,  Now  Bedford, 

filOM. 

SlaOli,  WUaI(^-boat  bont-hook  (prculiar  to  New  Bedfonl).     TTnmpbrey  8. 

Kirby,  >'*'W  Dwlftinl,  Mom, 
35190.  Series  of  wrvught-Irou  bout-hooks.      Wileox,   Crltti'nden  &.   Co., 

[Mlddletown,  Cano* 
35400.  Boftt-liook  for  gnnbont,  "  " 

SSqBX  Bout-b<Mik.     U.  S.  Fitth  CommLssion  (deposited). 
t&iy?.  Ituuble  Nary  buat-hooks  >vilh  boll  poiutti.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  & 

[Co.j  Middlvtown,  Conn. 
a&lML  Scries  of  Navy  boat-books  vith  ball  points.  "  *' 

tfeW.  StrrLrs  of  «barp<pointed  Imafc-books.  "  " 

lyingpius. 

ttlGl.  Series  «f  belay Ing-pina.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  &  Co.,  Mlddletown, 

[Conn< 
r  Cape  Ann  »«'i(it'-b(»kt.     '*  ** 

.u».    Suuuul  EUvi^U,  jr.,  Gloucester,  Moss. 


152      ANIMAL  RESOUBCES  AXD  PISnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATE& 

Apparatus  accce»t«ory  (o  riggring  li(<km^-ve«»elB« 

Riggers'  Looks. 

SSIM.  Deck  or  luunmock  hnok.     WUoox,  Criit«aUeii  A  Co.,  Slicldlftoi 

(Corn 
Sold5.  namiuock-hook.  "  " 

S£*20G.  Scrit>a  of  riggers'  tnstor-hooks.  *'  " 

fi&145.  Widfv mouthed  tujit^lv-huukif,  or  Citpo  Aim  bouuet-liouks.     Will 

[Crittrndeo  ^  Co.,  MidtUclown^  d 
fi&47B.  Donnct-iiook  aud  gromiuct..  *'  ** 

S9453.  Bonnet-hook-and-cyCf  for  removing  tha  jib.    Wilcox.  CrittmJcD 

[Co.,  ^lidiUetowa,  C 
•i&15&.  Sedes  of  books  and  tlUalbU^8,  ** 

25043.  rurrol  hooks.     8.  Elwell,  jr. 

25144.  Slsttr-hooks.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  &  Co.,  Middlrtown,  Comi. 
25i:»().  Sftihiiftkor's  bench-hook,  »'  " 

35149.  Suilmakcr's  heaver.  " 

25207.  Hook-and-eye  for  bonnet  of  jib.   "  " 

25185.  Hook-and-eye  plato.  "  " 

Groinmets. 


WUcor,  Ciltli 
Wilcox, 


Series  of  gnlvunized-iron  sail-fn'ommcfs  (WUcox'b  pfttnit).     Will 

Critt<*uden  &  Co.,  Middletnwn,  Conn. 
Series  of  broM  Aail-prontniotfl  (Wihox's  patent). 

&  Co.,  Middleto^'n,  Conn. 
Series  of  bnLss  groroiaetN.     CouicAl  point,  rnllod  riio. 

teudeu  &  Co.,  MiddU*to\vn,  Conn. 
St'rifa  of  niotallif  jjnmniifts.     Kii-Mt  uwd  in  Aniericii.     AVlIrox^  C 

tendon  &.  Co.,  Aliddletowii,  Conn. 
ScricA  of  brass  groninu'tH.     First  imteiiiedin  Amorlcn.     Wilcox,  Cl 

tendon  A:  Co.,  Middlrt'Own,  Ctmu. 
Rope-ynra  grominets  (vritli  vorkod  holes  ftbowtiig  lumlo  of  da 

Wilcox,  Crittenden  Jk  Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Series  of  light,  gnlvaniKod  gronimet-riugs.     Wilros^  Criitcsidni 

Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Series  of  buitvy  galvanized  sail-thlmbles.    WUcoSf  CcUtnikdrn 

Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Scries  of  heavy  iron  Miil-ihimMen  {Navy  patt^^1).    Wilcox,  Critt* 

den  &.  Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Gulvauiz4.id-in>ii  ring  groniiuel,  with  worked  holc;s  Hhowinji;  rwnIm 

nso.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  At,  Co.,  Middh-town,  Cnun. 
Serii«  of  bnntline  leaders  nnd  eorinic  grumuicts.     Wilcox,  Ci 

den  &  Co.,  MiddU«t4>Tvn,  Cunn. 
Series  of  eyelet  gn)ninH't'i.     I'wed  to  line  wn-!  .  ctUftUngt 

to  Wilcox's  patent  grommets.     Wilcox,  Ci  i  . ,  SiliiitUs^, 

town,  Cunn. 
Setting-iUe.    t'so*!  for  iusertlug  eyolotft.    WUeox,  CrilUnidi'n  A  i 

Miihllotovm,  Conn. 
Cpttiiig'iMinch.    Used  furcutllng  intnuuct-hulca.    Wlksix,  CHfl 

deu  A.  Co.,  %(iddh>towii,  Conn. 
Series  of  heavy  groiniuet'riuga.     Cwd  for  cnciujpi.     Wlkiox, 

tendon  Ac  Co..  Uiddietown,  Cunn. 
Series  of  light  iron  suil-tlumbleM.    WUoux,  CfittcitiUiii  4k  Ok, 

dletown,  Conu. 


AXtUAL  BEdOrRC£S  AND  FISnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES,      153 


^jpparalao  accessory  to  riggkns  tkahing^remicHm 

B  Orouimcts. 

^H  aS>13<.  S«)rira»f  tbnmt-tlifinblof.    Otunoi'Stor  pattern.     Wilcox^  Crittrnclen 


SS>13<.  S«)ri>vi  »f  tbrimt-tlifinblof.    Otunoi'stor  pattern 

A'  C(i.,  MiiiiUrCowii,  Cmin. 
S5133.  S<M  ii>(i  of  n*«r-tu<*k1tt  or  Haddl«-thiiubIeB.    WUcox,  CriitcDdcti  6l  Co., 

Mlddlotuwn.  Cuiiu. 
SUM.  Soic*  of  bruAA  ■uU-thimbleH.     WUcox,  Crittentlpu  &  Co.,  Miadh?- 

[tovm,  Conn. 
9&12^  BorlM  of  D|)rn  or  riggons'  thimblca.  *^  ** 

fi61G3.  dories  of  wirC'roi>e  thimblos.  *^  " 


l&Kli.  Itnat-uiji  lior.     Wil('i>x,  Critt^'inli^n  6c-  t'n.,  iliddletown,  <Jodd. 
^tUm.  OMppliii^-i'^""  Tor  dory-  "  ** 

S&^'<>.  WiKHlt'n  killirk  or  ooust  nucbor.     H,  C  Cbrsl^r,  Konuk,  Couu. 
;b9d49.  Scrica  of  Bailors'  palms  (from  bi^st  to  Ibu  iiwirL-sl).     Wilcox,  Critten- 

iU*n  Jt  C"..  SlidtLIfttiwn,  Conn. 
99422.  8ailor*tt  pabn  (In'T  hiiud).    Wilcox,  Crittenden  A:.  Co.,  Middletown, 

[Conn 
894^4.  Sailoi'ii  Toplng  palm,  A  1  (right  hand).     •'  " 

SMVI.  Hapcrior  cast-ntool  Mil-ncedJcs,  "  *' 


Mant-gear. 

8SfW2,  Six  ''i»iuTrl  tmpks,"    Unod  on  n  rop^  aronnd  ibe  rna«t  to  k(wp  the 

gaff  on  iht*  moft.     Waltrr  CoU-nmu  A  Sonn,  Providenco,  K,  I. 
S5d07.  3hljut-hM>p.    tTsrd  to  bold  tho  satl  to  tbo  ma&i.    AVnlter  Coleman  &. 

8onn,  Providvnt'c,  K.  I. 
asiyos.  Lace  tracks.     Cued  on  r]jr  fool* of  sail  to  nttacU  it  to  the  bootu. 

Walter  Colcuiiin  A  Hoiis,  PntWdcurr,  U.  I. 
SSI'V.  St'rim  of  iKiut'liULst  boopa.    Wilcox,  Crittoudeu  &  Co.,  Middletovn, 

Conn. 
85610.  MoHt-liroil  truck.     Used  on  top  of  mast  to  dispbtj*  banting  luid 

sigiinl*.     Walter  Coleman  &  Sana,  rrovidcuce,  R.  I. 
SS811.  MuBt-bi-ftd  boll.    I'mnI  on  top  tif  lh«'  Iniminst  to  dii^pliiy  bunting  nml 

nigtuiK     Walter  Coleman  A  Sons,  Providence,  R.  I. 
SM^^.  M-'t-it-licmi  ffoar  for  dory.     Aniasa  Tiiylor,  rrovintetown,  Moas. 
*^!  :kt)d  Ik>uiii  nMm'linirnt  for  don.'.      '•  " 

%>*  ■     ■   uiid  gnlf  attmhinent  for  whale-boat  (now  «tyle).     Used  by 

Pmvincetowu  wbalers,     WUcox,  Crittenden  JSl  Co.,  Middlet^wn, 

[Conn. 
85m.  Mast-blngc  for  whale-boat.  "  ** 

Lcttdcra  and  foot-Rtopn. 

S&iM.  BrrirM  of  Hnil-lraehi-H  and  boom  foot-f^iups.     Used  by  Kew|tort  funnrk- 

nH^n.     J.  M.  K.  Sitntltwirk,  Newjiort,  R.  I. 
S&UC  Ilooni  rtN>t-Ntoiw.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  A  Co.,  31idtl]otown,  Conn. 

SKilt*!.  M— (- '_'r>  lor  n^halc-lroot.  '*  " 

tOiUi.  Used  on  tlio  booraa  of  Qloncecter  veMoU.    Samnrl  Kl- 

•-.  t.,  j...  GInoceatcr,  Mam. 
SCM03.  Patent  topsail  tmvulen.    Uiuvl  on  aqn arc-rigged  yohoIs.     Wilcox, 

Ccittrndrn  &  Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
iM4a  MMt-boub  clnt«b.     E.  A.  Sawyer,  Portland,  Mo. 


154     ANIMAL  BES0URCE8  AND  FISHEKIES  OP  UNITKD  STA1 


ApparntUH  accesttory  to  riKgrini?  flstuni^-vesRcliu 

Bout-builders*  matmals, 

25170.  Khig-b()U«.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  tc  Co.,  MidiUctown, 
SaaOt.  Srri».'«  of  screw  cyo-bolt«.       "  ** 

S5«02.  St'xies  of  wrrow  ring-bolt*.      '*  " 

SWIKt.  Scries  of  riug-boUa.  *'  " 

S^ll.  CommoD  oral  head  clinch  boat-nail.     VTUcox,  Crittvndcn 

[Uiddlptown 

23213.  Chiftel-point  clinch  bont-nails.  ^ 

SSS13.  Couutenmnk  cUul-U  boat-iufcib.  ** 

2522)1.  SrrifH  of  boat-rivets.  " 

252^.  W'afihera  or  rliuch-ringB  for  rivets.  •• 

23178.  Stem  cap  for  Cape  Ann  soinc-boat.  " 

25173.  Dftvit-ffnanl  and  step-plate  for  Cope  Ann  seine-boat.  " 

2517-'j.  Kye-plntooroar-huMcr  Hwivi'ln  fur  Cope  Ann  seine-boat.  *' 

2517(i.  Ounwnle  supporter  for  Oftpc  Ann  beinc-buut.  " 

25173.  Davit-]>:iiar(l  and  step-jilatc  for  Cnpe  Ann  aeinc-boat.  ** 

25174.  l3rHii8t-bruce  for  Cape  Ann  8ciui«-boat.  " 
133166.  Duvit-irou  for  Cupo  Ann  Hoine-boats.  " 
SolG7.  Tow-iron  for  Capo  Ann  aeiue-bouta.  " 
S51G8.  Tow -link  and  hook  for  Cape  Ann  seine-boot.  " 
S94H3.  Uooiu-rcst  or  crotch-socket.     Used  ou  tbe  ttifiVul  of  C*\ie 

Vi'ssids  when  they  nro  *' laying  to**  an  George's  lianks. 
Browu,  Wollflcet,  Moiut. 
2oii(M.  \Vtttor-«leck  iron.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  &.  Co.^  Aliddlutovni,  C 

Iwudder-flxlnres. 

2W9a.  -M'.  N.   Clark's  nnlder-hangcr."     (ratcntcd  Septcraber  3, 
James  U.  Clark,  Chester,  Conn. 

"Advantages  claimed  for  this  hanger:  To  ship  (beniddrr  oi 
to  enter  the  tougne  (which  has  tho  rnddrr  itlreudy  Btt;irhi 
grooved  plate  from  the  top  Just  fur  enongli  to  gel  it  ftteoily,  And  I 
it  down,  when  it  will  go  to  iis  place  without  further  cure,  llrnc 
the  firvt  great  advautugu  whiih  this  liauger  iHKwnwa  over  the  n 
viz,  the  ease  and  dispatch  with  which  the  rudder  can  b«  kliiypci 
all  circumstiuicca. 

£very  boatman  knows  tho  trunblo  he  has  bwn  to,  at  thnnHj 
to  hhip  his  rudder^  while  iu  n  seaway,  in  tlio  dark,  or  in  mi 
when  the  oyoft  in  tbn  bout  cnuld  not  bo  seen;  often  bvixig 
rvaeh  down  with  his  hantl  tu  get  thu  lower  pintle  enterotl. 

Froui  the  quickne^e  with  which  thi;  niddcr  e^n  be  KhipiwO*  tii^ 
tiou  of  tho  boat,  and  under  any  circuuistanctTs,  ami   its  oecni 
shipiMMl,  it  luuAt  n'eunmiend  it»e1f  for  all  life-lHMLl  pur[KH«Mfc, 
cose  of  an  emergency,  time  is  of  vital  iuiportniice. 

Another  advantage  is  tbnt  with  lliis  hjniger  the  rudder  n 
nnsliipashas  often  lieon  tho  e.i.se  with  tho  common 
boat  has  bmm  left  for  a  short'  time  ami  tho  tith-r  vurkc 
leaving  tbo  mddrr  free,  by  striking  the  iMitfotu  or  nu; 
mine  ii  tbrve  or  fonr  ineht^,  tn  nnliiuge  and  Uoat  away.     Aa 
be  MMMi,  this  ratiliot  get  nway  nntil  the  ruililer  Iiiim  rii«n  th»  v| 
of  tho  tongue,  which,  of  itself,  wou*d  uover  happen. 

Again,  with  ttiia  hanger  the  rudder  eon  be  ^l    :       *    ,it4 
while  under  full  soil,  thn.i  making  il  very  eon^^ 


lioH 
kud  I 
Irnc 

[|C   I" 

Vpw 

in,J| 
mill 

It  tM 


tlL  BESOITRCES  AND  FISHEEIES  OF  UXITED  STATES.      156 

ralus  accessory  to  rigi^iii^  fl^lung^-ressefls* 

;«i.d<ler-fixture«. 

any  oor  wUlinf;  nvfr  a  line  or  fK-ioe,  ns  the  ra(ld<*r  can  be  eofdly  miiHMl  Otr 
ruungh  U*  puui  f>vrr  nnd  [irevf ut  a  line  getting  caught  ImtWL'on  ilia  mil- 
d*r  tMiX  b«>at,  (W  woiiM  othtrrwine  likely  onnne,  &nd  wh*n  over,  "by  Mmpty 
lettiuj;  ilnvrn  ilio  riulder,  it  will  f^n  to  its  pluc«  again  ready  for  use. 

H>  th'iH  urnmKomeiit  wo  ore  ouabh'rt  to  got  the  hinges  farther  dnirn  on 
the  nitliler,  tliereby  l)nnghi.<{  Ihf*  Hlruiii  nn  iMttb  of  (bt*in,  while  in  the  nM 
fray,  the  luwer  eye  nuil  pintle  are  no  fnr  from  the  hottoui  of  the  Iwat,  iu 
onler  to  fwilituto  the  shipping  of  t\w  niAdvr,  thnt  this  ouo  hiu  to  bear 
nearly  uU  «f  the  strain."  (W.  \.  Chirk.) 
i£19>).  KiJilihot-^iitlgoon.i.  Wih'.DX,  (.'rittenilen  »V  Co.,  WiildletoTvn,  Conn, 
^'il^  Uuihlcr-bntccjt  fuc  vv'h.ile*boAt.     Wiltiox,  Critteudeu  Si.  Co.,  Middle- 

[towD,  Coun. 
STidJil.  8urit«ii4if  romuion  xrroaght-iran  rndder-brac«B.     "  '* 

SltlO.  SvtiiSi  of  rudder  brace«.  "  " 

XS^tO.  Hoddor-brucetf  for  New  Orleans  cnt-boat.  "  ** 

2&ISI.  Uadder-bruM*i»  for  mettillie  life-boiit.  "  " 

SMi'i.  iKiry  tiri-a«trluM>k  and  stom  bmceH.  **  " 

8S779.  Siny-Hait  sunt^Oi-rleat.     Used  by  Gloucester  fisbiug->echoonerB.    Ab 

leii  L.  MiDtiiiuhl,  Glwucoifter,  Miiw. 
KtUO.  WiKMlen  chvitH.     ITiied  to  fasten  ro|»oa  to.    William  Coleman  ib  Sons, 

Providence,  R.  I. 
9r):iH.  SerieiDof  aajullL'Ieatfl.    Wiloox,  Crittenden  A.  Co.,  Middletown,  Coun. 
^17.  8mftll  hruH  elealn.  "  *' 

IfdTT.  Cleats  for  CnpeAuuaeUie-boat.        '*  ** 

^101.  Doat-cleats.  "  ** 


rlocks. 

fiVi^^.  ^TialB-btiat  rowlock.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  A.  Co.,  Mlddletown,  Conn*' 

i&t^lS.  Itruaa  wa»h-Htmik  rowlock.  "  ** 

A113,  Bteertng  roivlock  with  ntcin  socket  forCnpe  Ann  edne-boat.    Wilcox, 

Crilt4Tnden  &■  ('o.,  KtidiUetown,  Cauu. 
S!fIU.  Socket  it(M.Ml  on  (tide  of  Kterii  for  Hteertng.    Vsed  on  Cupo  Ann  seiae- 

buat.    Wilcox,  Crittonden  A.  Co.,  Sliddletown,  Conn. 
I'MMm.  Seine-boat  tvtwiock.     Wtleax,  Crittenden  &Co.,  Middlotown,  Conn. 
a</7t>-72.  PoUnhrd  bni««  ri>wioeks.  •'  ** 

Sj076, i(C077.  PoliNhed  hrasM  ruwiiick  nsed  on  gnnuing-AkifT.    Wilcox,  Crit- 

teuden  Jk  Co.,  Middletuwn,  Conn. 
Kl(H-S  GtklvanLzed  socket  rowlocka.    Wilcox,  Critt4»ndcn  &  Co.,  Middlc- 

[town,  Conn. 
850«*-*-4.  Bnuw  socket  rowlocka,  '* 

*  ■'"    '  ""..  Plain  brass  patrnt  swivel  rowlock.  *'  " 

iVfuuziNl-inm  putont  Hwirrl  rowlotOc.  "  " 

•-'I'/L  i  tmt  patent  Hwivel  rowlock  put  in  market.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  & 

Co.,  MidtUet^iwn,  Conu. 
SOTJMjlM^I.  I'l  rowlock  ii»ed  on  gonuiug-»kiff.    Wiloox,  Critten- 

thii  .'.  'lUetown,  Conn.  • 

ftlO(V7^.  vlock  u«e<l  on  gnnntng'ftkifl^    WUeox,  Crittenden 

»v  own,  Conn. 


aaaociCES  axd  fisijeries  op  unitcd  stait8.< 
ir)  to  rij^spin^  fiMhing^- vessels. 


tor  dory.    Sbowiu^  nev  mode  of  Cwtcntng.    Wll 
A.  Co.p  Muhlletowii,  Cunn. 

rowlock.     Kn^lnt^l  ElwtUI,  jr.,  Oloneestcr,  M 

dory  lovlork  witb  .Southwick'n  patcutfitctcning. 

Oittenden  &.  Co.,  Muldlt'tuwu.  Coaa. 

3!IMIK  Dory  rowlock,  Hhowiu}^  jLiTeut  iikmIo  ul' foatenlug.     Wilcox, 

An  dc  Cu..  Mitkllctovru.  Conn. 


I 

I 


JOSM.  ''Lymair.t  p-itent  liOW-fiK'iDg  rowlng-i^car.'*    WiUiaia  Lyuii 
dletirld,  Coun. 

Tikis  bow-facing,  /.  e.,  front  view,  rovrini^-gt'oi  is  an  iuvration  wWJ 
allomthc  nnvi-T  to  fare  forwrixil  inNtcad  of  liarkw.ant.  pnllint;  in  t)i**ftjin 
uuuiacr  as  with  tbc  urdinar)'  u.im.     TIiim  nu'craomuvi-iurnt  isnt>talDi*d1 
tuiviu^  (ho  oar  in  two  pfirts,  cich  part  liftving  a  Lall-aiid-(Hi«'lv« 
wilucb  in  attnvlicd  to  tlic  walo  of  tlio  boat  by  lueanif  nf  a  Hint  ninl 
;uid  tlif^  twxi  portd  ronnf^ctMl  liy  a  ntd  (with  hinged  lnrariiKg») 
L-ruMM  tbo  wale  of  the  boat. 

Thtfi  advautag<?s  rlaimed  for  this  rowius-;:rcnr  over  tlie ordlimry  i 

•*  1.   The  iwrdMaM /itcea  the  ilimtion  in  whivJi  hr  gort. 

8.  Thf  arrangemoui  of  tbe  U'vow  Ia  wnuli  tbai  lht>  o'lrainan  ap| 
strength  U*  the  best  nu'chanicnl  advniilaijc,  f<iiublin>(  biiu  in  niw  fa 
more  trnsily  fluin  witb  luiy  other  utir. 

X  During  tlu'  wtroko  the  Ihiw  of  llio  Iroftt  li^  slightly  raited  by 
timi  of  the  rower  instead  of  being  b»wcml  T»j  kis  motion  oh  In 
rowiag. 

4.  Tbo  stroke  is  longer  than  with  ordinarj*  nam. 

5.  TUu  uars  can  he  eloitvd  up  uut  uf  the  way  aluiijf  tbo  side  of 
withont  dutorhing  them  fr*»Di  thn  gunwale. 

G.  It  is  iHrttcr  from  the  iVt  that  thi*  Idodti  of  tt»^  oAr  is  In 
ho  sivfi  at  tbu  beginning  of  tbt;  stroke,  so  tbal  thcr*)  Is  uu  di 
avoiding  ohstuvlud,  and  in  »  ruugb  sea  therv  is  little  danger  Of  "i 
crabfi." 

7.  With  these  oare  tbo  hnntroan  makes  no  tnom  effort  In  iilei 
in  dtivctiug  bis  cimrsu  wbtlc  walking,  and  this  advautAgi*  Itaw 
the  effort  of  rowing. 

6.  Wbil*^  rowing  tbero  is  no  noise  from  ths  hearing 

9.  A  itair  of  theso  oars  weish  niMjnt  5  xHxiuds  inon*  tban  Ihr 
this  adiUtional  weighl  bas  tbis  odvautag*.*,  tbnl  at  tlic  hcgiuniu;; 
of  tin*  rttroke  it  hf^i^i  U*  lower  and  raiso  tlio  bhulc^  owlti;;  U\  tlm 
)HiKition  of  tlie  oar. 

10.  Wbon  tbcse  oars  are  dct'U'hod  ttum  X\w  boat,  no  woihI  or 
Jections  are  left  on  tbt'  walo  of  tbe  boat,  na  In  urdinoT)'  xvwlug- 
thiiH  a  s*<rious  iuconvvuiencv  Is  obviuti^d.         • 

TIhnw  oars  can  be  attachtMl  t*»  and  dotachtd  tmnx  the  Itoat  vwy 
and  they  cun  bo  eloscd  iip  in  a  convenient  fonn  for  carrying. 

Tbi'Mc  (Several  otlvaotages,  vix,  l}u  front  rirr,   lIi- 
n|HMMl  in  rowing,  tbe  raising  of  tbe  1n>w  insi^'ad  of  di  i< 
up  of  tbo  ojiT  ont  of  the  way  wbile  on  the  b'> 
avoiding  ob:ita4:le*t,  the  diuiiiil^lKHl  vlVort  of  I> 
the  ruwtng  witluMit  nolne,  the  better  Imlance  au>t  nwiujt  nf  il 
coiuiueniled  tbin  new  gear  lo  nil  who  have  tried  It. 

Tbin  gear  can  1>o  attaebiMl  t(»  aInt'Mt  any  Inmt,  itnd  Im  e«]t«M'iAll7 1 
lo  Uiintiug.  tirthing.  and  all  kinds  of  pleiLsnrc  liouling! 


A5IUAL  ££S0UBC£8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      157 

pparalutt  ac<:e«»or>  to  riggiu^  lii^lung-rcsfiiels* 

Hofflock.< 

Aluuitst  aoy  oup  (orcn  if  lio  has  never  roveil  a  boat)  with  an  hotir'A 
liructicv  L'uu  aw  thcw  {tout  view  oura  wuU;  it  bciuff  much  ennier  tu  leani 
t«  luo  a  fioir  ul'  tkotw  iiaiv  tUaii  a  pair  of  tlto  bavk  view  {inrti.''  (Williaai 
Lyuuux.) 

Saf9'^  ('nnlorick  D.  Oravi'M's  improTed  uoioelcau  ron-Iock.    Fsvtl.  D.  Graves, 
Bontuu.  Miuo. 
*'Tbc  object  of  this  iurentiou  in  to  improve  the  construction  and  opera- 
turn  of  the  vlasifi  ofrowluckA  in  fiuch  niauucr  ah,  Hrvt,  to  iiiuuro  tht;  prui>er 
IncUuation  of  tbo  bla«lc  of  tlte  our,  anil  prevent  the  linfiility  of  its  cutc^- 
ing  the  water  wbon  ft'atbcriug  in  rccoveriu|j,  aa  well  aa  to  iufinre  the 
projM-r  ])06ttiou  of  the  blndi'of  tliu  our  when  in;ikli)g  tin*  atntkis  wcomUy, 
o  citable  the  outrr  oml,  of  (be  oar  to  be  raided  wla-u  it  ia  being  feathered, 
III  onler  to  |^n^veut  Uh  vumtuct  with  the  water  in  roiiyli  weather.     My 
tmpn*vetj  rowlork,  which  it*  compoi^ed  of  an  iuehwin^  ring  hniated  on  a 
|(intli-.  and  uu  inner  ring  incloueil  l»y  the  ring  and  nilnptod  to  bo  partially 
tated  I  herein;  the>  iunide  of  tin;  inch>siiig  ring  i&  provided  with  a  groove 
ich  exteucb  alnioift  around  it,  itji  continuity  being  broken  only  by  a 
p.    The  pintle  of  the  rowlock  is  inserted  in  a  socket  attached  to  the 
^nwalo  of  the  hoat,  the  pintk<  and  rowlock  being  ailapted  to  turn  freely 
in  the  i*oc-ket.     From  the  foregoing  it  will  readily  be  seen  that  an  our 
jtiruted  in  th«  inner  ring  ia  adapted  to  be  partially  rotated,  in  addition  to 
Ua  oHeiliating  niovementii,  so  that  whf^n  it.i  stroke  is  completed  it  can  !>■< 
tunjed,  so  as  t^i  feiither  the  blade  in  the  recover  Htroku.     The  st^ip  and 
•bauldem  i>f  (he  inner  ring  are  arranged  in  such  inntnnl  relation  that  the 
•boulder  abuta  against  the  stop,  in  feathering  the  oar,  before  the  blade  be- 
eoniefl  horizontal  in  crow-ti<H:ti4»nt  so  that  the  croM-scction  of  the  oar  is 
unct^Morily  iuelined  downward  from  its  forward  to  its  rear  edge  during 
Ibe  feathering  Htmki\  this  inclination  of  the  blade  preventing  its  fonvard 
fdgr  from  engaging  with  the  water  and  overturning  the  rower,  or,  in 
other  word«,  euu»ing  liini  to  "catch  a  crab."    This  limitation  nf  the  oar 
in  ItA  rotation  prevents  awkward  nrcidentfi  in  feathering,  and  enables  lui 
aoftklllod  penon  to  row  with  a  couitidcrable  degi'ec  of  certainty/'    (F.  D. 
Oravw.) 
ZiO^f^.  Galvaniscd'iron  patent  sirirel  rowlock.     IVileox,  Crittenden  A 

[Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
S5U05.  Giilvani]fivd-iron  patent  swivel  rowlock.  "  *' 

SSOOT.  Galvanized-iron  patent  swivel  rowlock.  "  " 

X/KKi.  GalvuniuMbiron  patent  swivel  rowlock.  *'  '* 

^J'7>4-6.  IVdirthed  hnidtj  patent  swivel  rowlock.  "  " 

SSIO-i-^S.  OalvaiiiT^cd  socket  rowlock.  *'  " 

SOUI.  Count4'.Diunk  rowlock.    Vsed  on  Ohio  River  flat-l>oot».    WUcoi,  Crit- 
tenden A.  Co.,  Middletown,  Cunn. 
Jlowlook.    Newport  and  Providence  River  style.     Wilcox,  Critten- 

[den  &.  Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
North  Uiver  pattern  rowhwlc.  "  " 

rrfWti.  East  River  pattern  rowlock.  "  " 

toavj.  Sorket-Joint  r<»wlock.     Fre*lerick  A.  Gower,  Providenco,  R.  I. 

"The  N^?ket-joint  rowlock  in  intended  to  increase  the  speed  and  improve 
tV  ootiventeneo  nf  mriug  lM>ut«.     Its  advantages  have  proved  so  easily 
■pliATent  to  oarsnuMi  that  (liere  is  little  need  of  detailing  its  strong  jtoiutSj 
t  the  following  are  among  its  leading  features: 


:  of  the 

3 


Apparatus  accessor}'  to  ri^g:iBig:  lif^laBng:- vessels* 

Bowlocka. 

M'ttWjliuR  of  tbc  oar  is  wholly  ovoidt^tl.     ir  Iho  oar  U  a  pi 
fit,  it  will  liave  Uvm  thitii  i  inch  of  foiv-ttud-afl  moliuu  in  tho 

"Catcljin^  crabs"  i«  largely  nvoidwl  by  prcvpntitig  iho  omr  from  j 
ming  111  thtt  lock  at  lUo  bo^nulag  or  viid  of  the  stiokr.  If  a  "a 
fihoulil  bo  caught,  thv  rowlock  is  not  strained,  aud  the  oar  can  be  rci 
cn^d  without  ntopping  tho  bont.  ^h 

A  i^tMuX  ^rip  of  the  wat^T  is  oasared  to  eron  tlie  inoxperienced ^| 
by  th«  Hhupe  of  the  back  of  the  rowlock,  which  coiTP«p0Dd»  to  thatai 
oar.     The  oar  licttles  itself  into  tho  pruiK-r  position  on  beginning  iln-  »tr 

Any  length  uf  reach  may  bo  iukcii  by  long-built  men  in  going  fitrw 
avoiding  nn  evil  oft^^n  complained  of. 

A  space  hiUf  as  wide  adniit»  ])nAaa;;e  of  the  boat.  Equipp^'d  with 
rowlock  a  six  or  four  oared  shell  pfuucx  thnMigli  an  opi-utng  tho  wt<li 
tlip  outriggers.  Crews  rowing  on  namjw  or  briilgrd  wxUcr  will  tind 
adv:uitagc  worth  tlio  prir-<^  of  thn  rowlm-ka  in  a  Muglc  seoAon, 

Uniting  the  rodji  at  &  Binglu  point  brings  tho  whole  strongih  of  the 
riggor  into  play  at  every  jiart  of  Iho  slruke,  and  uu  outrigger 
can  hardly  bu  demoUshed  while  tho  boat  stonda. 

Any  oaru  may  bo  u»ed  if  of  recent  pntlvm.  i,  r.,  withont  the 
•Mmlgf"  on  till.' loom.  It  is  only  nccoaaary  to  make  a  alight 
thr>  button,  n«  descrilxHl  below. 

Hotter  time  may  be  niudo.  Erperlmenta  thus  far  indicate  thai 
Hockt'Ujoint  rowlonk  in  perceptibly  npfcdicr  than  the  common  paCWi 
the  iitti)ipagi^  uf  wabbling,  and  gencriil  HhitHilhucHs  uf  action. 

I^ining  n  rnwlook  with  llie  coinuiuu  outrigger  is  n  htilf  hour**  tm 
with  riialy  nut«  (ono  or  two  of  which  nnnally  twist  the  ImiU  off  in  «i 
ing)  and  experimenting  to  get  the  right  thickneos  of  wosheriL  Wttti 
socket-joint  rowlock  the  same  thing  i^  douc  in  two  miuutes  by  Ali{)| 
liulf  or  thrce-qnarterfl  of  an  inch  of  wiushurfi  on  the  Abaft  under  I  he  t^tp 

Superior  strength.  Tlio  onlin.try  iron  thote-pins  an?  Htmng  in  om-  di 
tiououly;  a  backward  or  Htdowiw  blow  is  likely  to  bend  them. 
BUpi»ortiug  ithaft  of  the  ooeket-jofut  n'Wlnck  is  equally  strong  all  am 
and  witJuttau(b)  a  greater  strain  than  the  btsst  oon  modo  can  apply  i* 
Tlio  whole  rowlock  in  made  of  the  best  bronzf>-metaI,  which  will  not 
nor  suddenly  snap  on  n  frosty  morning.  I'ndcr  gr»iat  nicchaulral  jirfw 
tho  lower  part  of 'the  luck  has  been  bent  out  nearly  stnught  »itl 
breaking. 

Minor  conveniences  continually  aitpenr  lu  lb«  use  of  Ibis  Impronan 
Xlietf^  is  nil  wiring  to  do;  no  reaching  uut-board  to  shipoant;  nowTtjj' 
the  bittl'ui  through  the  rowluik;  no  getting  grejLso  on  (be  iiAr-handlfii 
passing  through  thn  rowlock;  no  "looting  the  button'*  nutahte  thi?  i 
rigger;  no  jamming  the  bntt^m  Iwtwcen  the  lhole-pin»*.  ■ftnii-n  tb'  < 
riggers  are  taken  off  the  boat  the  tods  turu  on  the  shaft  oa  a  hiujto  < 
fold  up  into  a  compact  bnuille  not  efl^tly  bent  out  of  shape  m«r  i^Jtl 

Tho  rowlocks  can  be  dctacbvxl  entirely,  if  dci'-  ■'    '   each  set  of  t 

nuulo  into  a  package  as  i^iwily  curried  as  a  w..  i  i;,  \f  failc  tli^t^ 

hwk  may  be  put  into  tho  oarxman's  coat-pork.  r.     ■  MrsuM-n  Uavii 
ston  to  travel  with  lioats  by  mil  will  appruclatv  thin  couvmie 

This  ritwlork  caonut  pretend  In  be  a  cheap  rontrivanee; 
the  btvit  inalerial,  and  reqturiMi  cxp«ii»iTc  lalMir.     Its 
than  that  of  the  couuuou  pattern,  bat  considering  its  advi 
be  Jbuiid  cheaper  in  the  end.**    (F.  A.  Growvr.) 


I^paratott  accesHoary  to  rigg'sng'  flshsng^-vcssels* 

BovlockA. 

^iKi.  Tliole-piiiii  r<ir  iu«t«IHo  UiVvlKiat 

!!r>115.  WltiUOinll  pftCt<TU  roivlfK-k. 

3S113.  Dviniit  or  Lako  Michigan  rowlock. 

32327.  ''Amne"  oarlock,    rmtcni  iuvcutffd  1870.    "  ** 

iSXTt,  Onr-boltlor  for  Capo  Ann  loiac-boat  (ohl model).     Jlig^iw  &  Gifford, 

Olourentcr,  M: 
Kni.  Onr*bo]ilcr  fur  Oapo  Ann  eeinoboat.     Wilcox,  Crittenden  dc  Co., 

MiddU>tovni,  Couu. 


SMS.  Ono  pair  whito-A«U  oats  (9  fvet),    R,  T.  Dodgo,  mfiker,  Bo«tou,  Maao. 
KOai.  Oil"  pjiir  wbitf^-iwli  oarB  (0  foct).  ''  " 

»<MI.  Pair  wUite-osh  oars  (12  fwt).  "  " 

soon.  Pair  jiine  Wkrs{H  fe*il).  *' 

SS0S3.  PiLix  wltittvaidi  oara  (9  feet).  " 

^m.  rBir(ipoonoar9(10ft*et).  " 

laaau.  rmr  of  oar*  (7  f.icl  9  incbefl).    Watira  &  Son,  Troy,  N. 
Delong  &  Sour,  Glena  FalU,  N.  Y. 


I*»ad!e&. 


CapoFlatttry. 

Whaling. 


Fort  Towiisend,  W.  T.     J.  C.  Swan. 


»n 


>\'liiti'-aMli  pa<ldlp«.     K.  T.  DodK'-,  maker,  Boston. 
ludiiin  pft(ldle«.     Nonbwertoni  coast.     U^orpP  Gibbs. 
Imllun  paddlfii.  ^*  " 

Indian  paddlea. 
Indian  [uuldlon. 
In<llan  paddlca. 
■  Indian  paddlos. 
fndiAn  piMldlea, 
Indian  paddlec 
ludinn  |ini1d1f*9, 

Indian  paddle*.  "  •* 

ludian  pnddlfla.  "  *' 

Iiidinn  imddIe§((brs)dncanociiscdbyAlentiatU().  Aljuko. 
ludian  piwldlea  (for  akin  or  woodvu  cauoe).  '*  " 

Indian  piuldbii.  "  **  " 

}  Indian  jia^ldJeft  {need  by  Trimwin  IniUanfl).    Fort  Simp«on,  B.  C. 
]     J.  (J.  Hwun 

Indian  ptMldlv*.     ramumntiiKHldy  Indiunii,  £u«tport.  Me.    E.  Palnier, 
Indian    paddleM.      Kortb^eateru    cotutt,       Lxploring    Expedition. 

Lieut.  Wilkoft,  XL  8.  N. 
Indian    paddlci.       Northwestern   coaHt.       Exploring   Expedition. 

Li.rut.  Wilkes,  U,  8.  N. 
Wlialiiig  paddle.    Makali  IndionAf  Neeab  Bay.    J.  G.  Siran. 
WbaliiiB  i»iiddle. 

Wbaling  paddle.  *'  " 

Ulifibiiff  puddle.  "  " 

.i.llr.  "  " 

l.llr.  **  ** 

i.lle.  "  « 

.  Idle.  "  " 


ABUCAL  BSSOUBCES  AND  FISHEEIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES.     161 

^paratm  accessory  to  liyginff  flsUiiir-Tcsscls. 

Pomp  box  and  haft  for  seine-boat. 

994S7.  Pomp  box  and  haft  for  seino-boat.    Andrew  Kennedy,  ProTinoetoTnif 

(MoaB. 
S9499.  Pnmp  box  and  haft  for  eeine-boat.  "  " 

Bang-backet  or  "water-thief." 

25784.  Bong-bnoket  or  "  water- thief.''    Wm.  H.  H.  Weston,  Provinoetownf 
Maas. 

Devil's  claw. 

Used  to  Btop  the  chain  when  the  windlass  is  wanted  for  other  nses. 

S9442.  Devil's  claw.    W.  H.  Hesbolt,  Provinoetown,  Haas. 

Hox  hook. 

Used  in  closing  boxes  packed  full  of  fish. 

39680.  Bilge  hooks.    Gloacester,  Mass.    G.  Brown  Ooode. 

32695.  Box  hook  or  "devil's  daw."    Qloncester,  Mass.    G.  Brown  Goodo. 

Carrel-lifters. 

Used  for  stowing  away  mackerel-kegs  in  holds  of  vessels. 

29391.  BaTrel-lifters.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  &.  Co.,  Hiddletown,  Conn. 
32679.  Chime  bartel-hooks.    Gloucester,  Uass.    G.  Brown  Goode. 

Ice-hooks. 

For  lifting  ice  on  vessel  from  wharf. 
32674.  Ice-hooks.     Gloucester,  Mass.     G.  Brown  (Toode. 

Lance-hooks. 

Fastened  on  side  of  whalo-boat  to  hang  lance  on. 

25919.  Lance-hooks.    E.  B.  A-.  F.  Maoy,  New  Bedford,  Maaa^ 

Grappling  gear. 

Used  to  recover  lost  trawls. 
25936.  Grappling  gear.    A.  McCurdy,  Gloucester,  Mass. 

Marline  spikes. 

29418.  Marline  spike  or  pricker.    Used  for  splicing  trawl-tines.     Wilcox, 

Crittenden  &.  Co.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
294^.  Marline  spike.    Made  from  the  Jawbone  of  speim  whale.    Sobert  D. 
Baxter,  Proviucetown,  Moss. 

29419.  Marline  spike.    Made  fiom  the  jawbone  of  whale.    Frank  O.  Blokc^ 

Portland,  Me. 
25147.  Sailmakers'  marline  spike.    Wilcox,  Crittenden  &  Co.,  Middletown, 

[Conn. 
S5148.  Sailmakers'  marline  pricker.  '*  *' 

S5164.  Series  of  marline  spikes.  "  " 

95778.  Fishermen's  marline  spike  or  trawl-line  splicer.-    Alex.  Uo* 

East  Gloncester,  Mass. 

BolL  K.  M.  No.  14 U 


162     AOTMAL  KESOURCES  AND  TISUERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 

Apparatus  accessory  to  rl^glni;  lislun^-ici»tictiu 

2514G.  Serica  of  hickory  hand  6iU    \\^llrn^,  Crittctidca  &  Co.,  Middlct 

Conn. 
2507S.  Copper  marllno  apike.    Made  at  wsa  by  Tliomaa  Fproman.    Tlnwl  far 

Bplicmg  trawl-linea.     ^[mTonl  Preemnnj  Nnrwic]ip<»rt»  Mjm» 
326£0.  Splicer.    GAoaceAter,  MojiiB.    G.  Brown  Gooik^ 


Kest  for  liarpoonj  &0w  ■  * 

11392.  Keat  for  harpoon  and  how  and  arrow.    Alentiam  laland.     Vmi 
CoJyer* 
Used  oo  deck  of  kjofc* 

Stretcbets  for  kyak^Hne.    i 

,0836.  Stretohera  fcr  kyab-line.    Kskimoa. 

BtooL 

U«c4  by  Eskiiuod  to  ettmtl  on  w^i 
49.  CAHP'017XPI1'« 

Shelter* 


Tente,  •        ••    i\        ./-*-«-«■*'  • 

Himting'-camia. 

nunt^jrs*  houBea. 

Ji'isliing-houBea.  ' 

Furniture. 

Hammocks. 

Beds,  coaches,  stretchers,  and  lounges. 

Blankets  (rubber  and  mackinaw),  and  fur  robes. 

Tnel. 

Apparatus  for  kindling  fire. 

Lamps  and  lanterns. 

Tools. 

Commissary  supplies. 

Cooking  apparatus,  kettles,  and  stoves. 
Commissary  snpplies. 

29295.  Portable  oamp-stoTe.    H.  L.  Dnncklee,  Boston,  Utm, 

25689.  Portable  camp-stoTe.  "  " 

Open,  showing  utensil^  vix: 

25690.  Six  tin  plates. 

25691.  Six  tin  cape. 

25692.  Six-qnart  kettle. 

25693.  Eight-^nart  kettle. 
25601  Stew-pan. 

,    'c  .»■■ 


AKIUAL  RKSOCRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  irNITED  STATES.      163 

CommlMMiry  supplies. 

SMIK.  Cofli>«-]iot. 
SS6P6.  Uip}»r. 

*.  FryU»jj;-i»au, 

A.&flO,   Ciuup-Ato\-t>  and  iitcimilf^.     PropTty  of  John  A.  \irhoIt»,  Syrn- 
CU9C,  N.  V.    Conti-iImU'd  Uy  Fdrt'st  &  i^ln-am  Piibti.'sliiiigCoiiipaiiy. 
CofTro-Urotrr.      Pn»iM*rty  of  J.  A.  NU-IioIb,  Syructist',   N,  Y.      Con- 
tributed liy  Fnrost  &.  Stream  PubliBbing  Compnuy. 
96713.  Camp-stov**,     I'roitcrty  of  J.  A,   NichoU,   Syraciiec,  N.  Y.     Coii- 
tritiittrd  lt>  Forest  &  i^trcaiii  Piildirtlting  C'oiiij»aiiy. 
Lvbmcn'^  |iuJ«ait  foldiug  cuiup-bakur.     StoviUo  &.  Joluwon,  Mar> 

red  meat^f  &l'. 

Preah  toraatnnoiip.     ■Wm.  Undorwooil  A  Co.»  nostdii,  "Matv. 
Ox-tAilMmmfsTiirbmml).    Portliind  Picking Coniptuiyr  Portland,  Mc. 
Frridi  noiip  nnd  tiuuilli.         \Vm.  I'lidi'i  wihhL  &  Co.,  Iltistnu,  Mium. 
Soup  tiiiil  liuuilli  (Mtar  brand).     Puilltuid  Putkhig  (-'uuipiui>,   Purt- 

Und.  Ml-. 
Jkltick-turlto  H>up.     AVm.  tJnder^'ooil  &  Co.,  tk>stoD,  Maa^ 
CntaXftlnnti  {totted  iAXinAgii  (star  brand),     rurilaud  Pnckiog  Com- 

pnuy,  Porllaud,  Xk-. 
Ox-tftlt  (Willi*.    "Win.  UnderwotMl  &.  Co.,  Botitcm,  Miim. 
(^riB1nftI  di-vibxl  ra;»o[tt.        '*  " 

DvvUimI  longDtf.  '*  " 

rH.viJi«d  brim.  "  ** 

CuinbtTlniid  rowtb  inuttoa  (Ktax  brand).     Porilaod  Parking  Com- 

puny,  Portland,  Mc. 
»ttW.  Fn-Hb  ibictin,     Wni.  CndirwcHKl  &  Co.,  Boston,.  Maa*. 

Ciunbc-rliiiid  tuunt  i-biekfuj  (Ntur  liruiid).     Portland  Packing  Com- 

pony.  }'ortbind,  Mt-. 
iVvib'd  cbicktMi,     Win.  I^'ndn  wtM»d  «S;  Co.,  Uoslon,  Masn. 
Clmdx-itanil  roaitt  vral  (oiar  bniiid).     Portland  Fackiiig  Company, 

Porilaiid,  Mv. 
ff*n'«1i  tiiutlim.     Wtu.  Uudi^rwood  A  Co.,  Botfton,  Moss. 
O^ixnlHTlaud  niust  hret  (star  brand).     Tortbuid  Packing  Company, 

Portlaud,  Mt'. 
B«^-f  ft  bi  mode.     Wm.  ITndcrvrnod  &.  Co.,  Boston,  MaM. 
I-Vwdi  mlnt'o-ra'»at.  "  " 

Frcdb  v*^aI.  "  '■ 

Chumpinn  ftb«Oi-lM-an»s  (^t;ii    l-rund).      Portbind  Packing  Company, 

[Portland,  Mn. 
I  d  IdtK'lH'nu'ti  (star  brand).  '*  " 

iii-liiTrics.     CoHtinc  P:M"king  Company,  Cantinr,  Me. 
■  ef.     Will,  I'lidiTwoiMl  &.  CoiiiiiJuiy,  Itimton,  Ma>M. 
tb  *ngar-cnm.     (Put^Mittil  April  8,  May  U  and '.*<).  and  AngUAt 

■■^i.  l!fdi.)    (btor  brand.)    Purlland  Packing  Com]»aQy.  Purlland, 

ill. 


164     AKIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  USITED  STATEl 


Commissary  supplies. 

Caaiiod  meats. 


Yarmouth  Diiecotaah.     MaAc  from  Tnnnoatli  Bngor-corn  ftod 

piuD  shoU-bcans  (atar  brand).     Portliuid  Packiag  Company, 
land,  Mu. 

50.  PSOSONAIi  EQUirifENTS. 


Clothing'. 


HuntiDg  suits. 

26855.  Canvaa  hunting-coot.     Property  of  J.  A.  Nichol*,  Syrocnafi,  I 

C'onlribiitwl  by  Forest  A.  Stream  r*ubli8Uin»j;  Company. 
2665a  Fur  vent.    Proporty  of  .T.  A.  Nichols,  Syracuse,  N.  1'.     Contnl 

by  Forest  &.  Stream  PubliAbing  Company. 
26659.  Buckskin  coal.     PropiTty  of  J.  A.  Kicboli,  Syraonief  N.  Y. 

tribiirod  by  Foifjit  4fc  Stream  PablUhing  Company. 
20G70.  ildlc-skin  jmnts.     Property  of  J.  A.  Nichola,  Syracnac,  S,  Y. 

tributed  by  Foreat  &.  Stream  Publii«hinj^  Company. 
S8G71.  Corduroy  liuutcPa  coat.     Prop<'rty  of  J.  A.  Mcboln.  SyracoM, 

Contributed  >»y  Forest  A  Stream  Publiahing  Company. 
S0G75.  Corduroy  Imnter's  panta.     IVoperty  of  J.  A.  Niohola,  SyracuMf 

Contributed  by  Foreat  &  Stream  Publiahiug  Cora]Hiuy. 
30070.  Corduroy  vest.     Property  of  J.  A.  Niehol«,  Syraeumv,  N. 

trkbut4'd  by  Forest  &  Stream  Publiabinj;  Company. 
28701.  Chamoiii  shirt.     Property  of  J.  A.  Nichols,  S>Tacii8e,  X. 

tributod  by  ForcHt  &  Stream  Publishing  Company. 
3(>594.  Hiuitur's  wntrr-prouf  suit,  with  patent  cartridge-holding  Teat. 

C.  IliMining,  WaAhiugtoti,  1).  C. 
TbiH  Kuit  iuchiditt: 

1.  Pantaloons  so  made  that  they  can  be  folded  close  to  the  legu 

2.  Gaiters. 

3.  Vest  with  sleovea. 

4.  Keveraiblo  »hoijtiitg-eoat,  with  seventy-flix  reccptacica  fi 
cartridges  no  aiTanged  as  to  permit  tliem  to  be  eaiTiod  eithrr  t-n 
secured  from  loan  or  from  injnrj'  by  rain,  by  mcana  of  tV 
button  over  them.     The  coat  i»  nf  the  euime  shape  buforv  :r: 
that  when  the  hunter  exbauMta  htut  Nhell;^  in  fi-niit  ho  can  revt-rve  tbfl 
nud  have  a  fre»h  supply.    There  aro  eight  pockH^  nt..^riu>.'  ..n  tl 
uf  the  skirtr  and  two  largo  gome  pookots  ou  th 
opi^ningH  in  tho  Ikottouu  for  ventilation  and  drip. 

5.  A  donhle-visorfHl  cap. 
2(5710.  Uuntiug-coat.    Property  of  .T.  A,  XlcboU,  Ftymouae,  X.  Y.    C« 

nted  by  Forest  &.  Str<.<am  I'liMlshiug  Company. 

Water-proof  suits. 

SOeSC.  Rubber  biniting-coat.     Proporty  of  J.  A.  Nichola,  BTfmim, 
Contrthnt«d  by  Forest  &  Stream  Publlithing  Company. 


Oil-skin  snit 

S0M3.  Cape  Ann  contn.    J.  F.  Carter,  01oao<<st«r,  Wamt, 
89^44.  Cupe  Ann  pants.  **  *' 


AXDUL  RESOURCES  AND  FISUEHIE8  OF  TTSITED  STATES.      165 


Clothinj;. 


Bootn,  iDOC43asiiiB,  ](^gRiIl?s. 

9G01A.  F'uhcnncn'a  red  cwl  boots.    Jonatbnn  Buck,  Harwich,  Mai*. 

WUllk  FUbcrmeu's  red-Ivnilier  ilipponi.        **  " 

MOM.  Fishi-rmtrn's  black  boots.  '^  " 

JCttl  suppers  mado  of  aboop-tkiii,  wUh  tbn  wool  on  tbc  inner  siirfAco, 

Worn  1»>'  Hahermen  iuside  of  tbeir  boota.    A.  R.  C'ritt«Ddeu.  Mid- 

djctowu,  Cunn. 
sun.  Bool-pttt'kingB.     Property  of  J.  A.  Nicbols,  Syrocnao,  N.  Y.    Con*- 

tribulcd  by  ForcBf  4.  Stream  Publisliing  Company. 
MBK.  UoccofiiiiA.    J'roperty  of  J.  A.  Nicbols,  Byrueuae,  N.  Y.    Contribnted 

by  Kori-st  &  Stream  Publibhing  Coiupauy. 
9871&  Rubber  boutj.     I'ruperty  nf  J.  A.  Kinbub,  Syrneiini*,  N'.  Y.    Con* 

tribatad  by  Furest  &.  StJvam  Publiabing  Comtmny. 

Ihu  and  caps. 

S7S.  FiAhonium'B  cap,  called  "Rassian  cap."    E,  R.  Cook,  Provmcetovrii, 

MOBB* 

8065L  Hunter's  rubber  cap.    Property  of  J.  A.  Nicbolii,  Symcuao,  X.  Y. 

Contributed  by  Forest  JL.  Stream  l^iblubing  Company. 
98(12.  Scries  of  H}u'wcj»t«!rs  and  oU-clutb  bats  (Cupe  Auu  puttcru),     J.  F, 

Cortur,  Olouceator,  Muss. 


Clodiiag  for  the  bauds. 


Pair  of  xnitfcnH.  Cnllcd  "No^wfonndlaud  cnfTe"  by  flsbormcn. 
P»M:oUar  (o  OloiicvBter.    A.  R.  Crittenden,  Mi<ldletown,  Conn. 

SS790.  Uurk*'r«-*1  cotA.  Uaed  on  (b»  fin^erB  uhen  tuUiiig  niuukerel  by  book 
and  line.    Copt.  Rauiuel  KIwt'll,  Oloacctiter,  ^Iiimi. 

S3S7*  Piklr  of  "band-baulers."  Usod  by  fittbenuen  off  ibo  Newfoundland 
Bonkn.    Josepli  Pontons,  jr.,  Eoat  Uloucetrtcr,  Mtms. 

SSnO.  Pair  of  nipiKTiH;  peculiar  to  Gluuccwtcr,  Uusb.  Jonepb  Paraou«,  Eual 
iilouceKter,  Mom. 

96719,  Fair  of  uipiHtrn.  Used  by  lisbennen  to  protect  tbo  fingers  nbilo 
]iaulin^  in  tniwK    David  C'mwell. 

SS717.  Pair  of  nipprra.    Central  Wliarf  Company,  Provincefown,  Mom. 

W70B.  Biibbej-  glove*.  Property  of  J.  A.  Nitbobn,  Syracnao,  N.  Y.  Con- 
tribnted by  Fore«t  Sl  Stream  I^iblif>biug  Company. 

IVotcction  from  insects: 

Xetn  for  bedft  aud  for  (ace. 

WOO.  M«nuiIo-net.  Properly  of  J.  A.  Nieliol«.  SyrftenRe,.N.  Y.  Con- 
tributed by  Forest  &.  Stream  Pnbliiibtug  Company. 

OHitiDonU  (sunk  a»  tar  and  8weet-oil). 
•^  (such  a-s  pyrc'thrnra  powder). 
.y  brcttStpUitos,  and  defensive  armor. 

Helta. 

•SOSl  Bell  for  ahcatb-kolfe.    J.  A.  Nichols,  Syracase,  N.  Y. 


f 


IfiG     ANIMAL  EE80UECES  AND  FISHEBIE8  OF  UNITED 


Cross  *bclts. 


(liimo-bags 


5i0flG7. 

147a. 
BO-ir. 

2551, 

24&8. 


Ojimi'-5)ag,    Pmpcrty  of  J.  A+  KicbiilBi  S.vnwuae,  K,  TT, 

Crmnc-bag,    ludirtn*  «if  Nortbwe*»t  coaat.    U,  8,  Exploring 

lion. 
Oaino^lpcit;^.     ConifliiiL'lici  Inrlianti.     Lipnt.  D.  N.  Cotieli,  U.  S-  A- 
Gniiiv-Ua**:  of  ktitt  k^af  b(.*r  thun^E^.    Dog-rib  IndlaziB,     Pon  '^ia^ 

Hiiiitinj'-lm';  of  ''bnbuhft/'     Fnti  SinipsnTip  TT.  B.  T.     K.  B,  fl 
Ilmiliuj^-lia^f  miM-lo  of  **  bubicbiv"    Dog-rib  ImUiuia,     VattlS^ 

H.  U.  T.     U.  R.  liiisa. 
Huntiup-bfty  of  "babichf;."    Fttrt  Rae  EakJmos,     Mu-ckeuzic^s 

Gonu-bft^.    ludLuiiKof  North\T*^ist  coaHt.     1*.  ^,  CzpU»riDg  £;i 

lion. 


Wrist-cTiiards, 


(5927.  WriBt-f^natd.    HimmI  In  slinotitig  with  iht  bow.     Kiowa  li 

Fort.  Cobb,  1.  T.     E.  I'iklmpr. 
5520.  Wmli-gimuL    Apiichv  Iiuliaiia.    ArUoun.    E.  Pulmvir. 


1651.  Snow-blind.    Anderson  River  BskimoB.    R.  MacFarlane. 
10292.  Snow-goggles. 
1G50,  2147,  21.57.  Snow-goggles.    Anderson  River  Eskimos.    R.  MacFarii 

5580.  Ingalcot  Eskimos.     Ynkon  River,  Alaska.    W.  H.  Dall. 

5579.  Mahlemnt  Eskimos.    Lower  Yukon,  Alaska.  " 

10200.  Snow-goggles. 

Telescopes. 
Field-glasses,  &c 
Water-telescopes. 

2G884.  "Water-tclcscopo.    U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

Used  iu  cxamiaatiou  of  submarine  objects. 


Compasses. 


20G82.  Hunter's  compass.    Property  of  J.  A.  Nichols,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.    C 
tribute*!  by  Forest  &  Stream  Publisliing  Company. 

Scales. 

2C381.  Scales.    Property  of  J.  A.  Nichols,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.     Contribnted 
Forest  &.  Stream  I'ublishiug  Company. 

GamA  and  fish  baskets  and  slinks, 
"Wallets  for  liiu'4  iiud  otUor  tackle. 


BES0X7BCES  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     167 

Medical  ootfit* 

Medicine-chests. 

Hunter's  and  fishermen's  flasks. 

26684.  Flasks,    Property  of  J.  A.  Nichols,  Syracuse,  N.  T.    Contribntedby 
Forest  &.  Stream  FublialuDg  Company. 

Ijrtilicial  Ughtn. 

XAntems  for  camp  and  ship  use.  ^ 
Torches. 

1  See  ander  Sight  decoj/9  above,  p.  141. 


SECTION  O. 


METHODS  OF  PREPARATION. 

L  PSIPlRAnON  AND  PRESERVATION  OF  FOOD. 


TATiox  DiTBrNG  UPE  (866  under  E,  3). 

±   PSSSKKTATIOX  OF  FBBSH  MEATS. 


sbI  cefiigerators. 


iedieig-re&igerator.     AUegretti  Refrigerator  Compao] 

[New  Yori 
itfrigentor  ahow-cose.  "  ** 


3aaEak  TtW'WHtcil.  teficigerator. 


3aaxak  unfii^tiator  BhowHsase.     ProcesB  patented  July  1, 1867.    € 

J.  Baoxsa.  Xew  York  City. 
Zvsa  j-r— jirator.    Alexander  M.  Lesley,  Xew  York. 


X  -Tssr"*       Hit?  ioe-trade: 

A*r  rxi'zisi-^  iz.*i  tumdling  apparatus, 
'l.-.a**^^  :c'  srizotacturmg  artificial  ice. 

vi«ife«rr  JiCvv^AMNTi^r^  of  preservation. 

,\   rSESERVATION  BY  DBYE^G. 

^o-v.oa-JLvUaavl  flukes. 
>i.!ci;sica-ju>cics  dukes. 

v:it^\  Cv^I'id^-it^iike  (with  covers).    Model.    CoutfifXaiiM.    XLSkiBiaf! 
l\>rtland.  Me. 


AXnCAL  BESOURCES  A\D  FISHKBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     1C9 

9iaoke-dryinff  apparatus* 

IleiTing  smokehouses. 

ISIOS.  Model  of  tmoko-bonso  nsed  in  preparftUoa  of  herriog  (Clupea  Aarm- 

giu).    Lubc«,  Mo.     V.  S.  FUli  Conunisaion. 
1S10G|.  Model  of  smuko-Looso  used  in  projiaratiuu  of  saltnoo  {Salmo  «alar). 

Labec,  Me.     U.  S.  FUh  CoDuaiasioo. 

mt  smoke  houses. 
in  smokehouses, 
il  dryin^f-houses. 
Methods  of  drying  Uoliotis,  used  by  the  Indians  of  California. 

4.  PrESEEVATION  by  CAiraiKO  AKD  PICKLING. 

[tins:  fish. 

KoJTes  (see  under  B,  2), 
Scaling  apparatus. 

90039.  Kelney  &  Hovmer's  flsh-dre«scr.    SaodUAky,  Ohio.    Patented  5«pt 
15, 1873.    KeUoy  dt  Hoainur,  SaaduBky,  Oliio. 

Tables,  tubs,  &a 
Bacrela. 

SS7C0.  Model  of  D.  D.  Parmalfe^s  Watikcgan  fisbory.    J.  W.  Milner. 

Thia  model  shows  ia  miniatnro  aU  tbe  apporatos  empIo}-od  in 
olc&QUig  and  salting  down  the  lake  wkiteiUh. 

( Aoocasory.)    S.alt : 

Specimens  of  tbe  salts  used  in  preserving  flsh. 
3iodel  of  salt-mills  U8e<l  on  Cape  Cod  in  former  days. 

Extonaivoly  nsod  in  tho  first  half  of  tbe  present  centcry  in  obtaining  salt 

by  evaporation  of  scu-watcr.    Tbeir  rvuiaius  are  fuuod  ou  Cupc  Cod 

-  and  Kantncket. 

86700.  Model  of  salt-works.    Nantucket,  Mass.    W.  H.  CboM,  Sd. 


nniBg  meats. 

Model  of  saliiiftn-canning' establishment. 
MiKlf  1  of  8ardinC'factor>\ 
(Aooecufory.)    Cotton-oil,  and  its  mann^ture. 
Model  of  lobstei'-canning  factory. 

S0&63.  Modrl  of  Jobtiftou  &.  Vonng's  lotmlvr-honso.     Warren  bridge,  near 
Filohburg  drpot.    Jobution  &.  Yottn^,  Boston,  MiiMt. 

Tbt*  model  RbowH  the  factory  frith  its  vats  for  nteomin;;  tlio 
lobsters,  tho  wharf,  and  the  derricks  ascd  in  bandliug  tho 
lobsters.  It  i5  acconipnnicd  by  motU'la  of  lobstor-smaek.  and 
of  the  principal  forms  of  lob«ter-uet«;  catalogued  elsewhere* 


odel  of  oygter-caouing  factory. 


170    animal  resources  and  fisheries  of  united  states. 

5.  Preparation  of  baits. 
BaitoinillSy  kniTcs,  choppers,  &c«  (see,  also,  under  B,  2 

26011.  Toss'  improved  bait-miU.    (Patented  Jannaxy  17,  1876.)    i 
Gloucester^  Mass. 

Bait-tubs,  rats,  &c* 


II.  MANUFACTURE  OF  TEXTILE,  FABRICS,  FE 
AND  STUFFINGS. 

C.  Preparation  of  wool  and  hair  op  mammals. 

Preparation  of  wool  cloths. 

Washing. 

Shearing. 

Stapling  or  assorting. 

Scouring. 

Combing,  carding,  and  plucking. 

Spinning  and  reeling. 

Weaving. 

Fulling  and  teazling. 

Cro]>i)ing. 

Pressing. 

IFcavins  worsted  cloths. 

Felting'  and  the  hat  nianulhctnre. 

T>owing. 
Pressing. 
Stopping. 
Rolling  off. 
Shaping. 

Preparation  of  curled  hair  Tor  stuffings. 

7.  Pkepakation  of  wualehont:. 
Preparation  of  stuffings. 

S.   I'UKPAKATIOX    OF   FKATUKKS. 

Preparation  of  down  Tor  stuffings. 
Preparation  of  feather  Ihbrics. 
Preparation  of  ^^brillantinc." 


iintAI*  RE80UBCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     171 

Freparation  of,  or  flocking^  for  w^all-paper,  flrom 
reltase  quills. 

Preparation  of  fibers  fbr  manu Hicture  of  plush  car- 
pets. 

9.  Peepaeation  of  silk  of  insects. 

Preparation  of  silk  of  silk-worms* 

Bofling  the  cocoons. 

Beeling. 

Spmning. 

Dyeing. 

Weaving. 

10.  Pbepaeation  of  soft  paets  of  othee  inveetebeates. 

Preparation  of  silk  Orom  byssus  of  Pinna. 
Preparation  of  spongre  stuffing. 


HI.  PREPARATION  OF  THE  SKIN  AND  ITS  APPEND 

AGES. 

11.  CUBBYINa  OF  LEATHER. 

Processes  of  eurryingr. 

Dipping. 
Graining. 
Scraping. 
Dressing. 

Implements  employed  by  curriers. 

"nead-knives." 

"Pommels." 

**  Stretcliing-irons." 

"Eomid-knives." 

"Cleaners." 

"Maces." 

"Horses"  or  trestlej. 

"Dressers." 

"Tteading-hurdles." 

Cd^teo  and  Indian  currying  methods  and  imple- 
■nts. 

of  dresainy  gut  and  sineir. 


172      ANIUAL  RESOCBCES  AND  FI8H£UTES  OF  UinTED  STATES^ 
12.  LeATIXEB  DUESfjXJH'O. 

ProceNMes  of  tanning:  leather. 

Soaking. 

Liming. 

Tanuing. 

Processes  or  tawing  or  oil-dressingr  leather. 

Soaking. 

Liming. 

Oiling. 

Apparatus  of  leather-dressin^,  reeent  and  aboi 

13.  FUB-DRESBCfG. 

Processes  of  fUr-dressing. 

Currying.     (See  under  12.) 

Scouring. 

Tanning. 

Lustoring. 

Plucking  and  dyeing, 

14.  Feathebdressing. 

method  of  preparing:  ornamental  leathers. 

Scouring. 

Bleaching.  ^ 

"Washing. 

Axuring. 

Sulphuring. 

Scraping. 

Dyeing. 

(Art  of  plunias;ery.} 

15.  MA24UFACTUBE  OF  QUILL  ABTICLG8. 

IVIanuOictnre  of  quills  Ibr  pens. 

SHiiil-hath  drying  iuiU  steanung. 

Polishing. 

Dyeing. 

Shaping. 

IVlannfhcture  of  tooth*picks. 
ITIanufhctarc  of  Ooats  and  other  articles. 
]VIanulUc(ure  of  quill  bruHh«bri«»tle8. 

10.  Uair  avi>  ^s'oot.  work. 


Tumf ng  and  sawing. 

PolisLiug. 
Blouobiug. 

[anntfhcliire  or  or|;'an  and  piano  kcj's^ 

Strip-iiiiwing. 

Polishing. 
Bleuching,  &c. 

Olhrr  proeenses. 

18,  PREPAEATI05  OF  QOBN  AJfD  HOOF.' 
19.   PBEPAUATION  op  WnALEDONE." 

iiiUitiK  ntxl  oilier  processes.' 
Aanumclure  oV  whip-niaker«'  stock  and  whips. 
I  VaouDicture  or  iiuibrclia-niakers*  bone. 
^Aanulbclure  or  ribbon-weavers*  bone. 
WanuOiclure  of  hat  and  bonnet  makers*  bone. 
VanuOicf  lire  of  suspender-makers*  bone, 
^annfhcture  of  stock-makers*  bone, 
^auuthcture  of  dress  and  stay  makers*  bone. 
Vanufhcture  of  billiard-table  cushions, 
^aniifhclure  of  surgical  instruments, 
^aaut^rture  of  whalebone  brushes. 
^Bnf\ictare  of  rosettes,  woven  work,  and  trinkets. 


'T^av  |i|iinin  I  ftxv  Ultu<tTaTi.'d  tn  part  by  the  B[>ccinicn!i,  showing  the  horn,  whale- 
Mil  Uirtoltit-ttlitNtt,  in  variooB  atayeo  of  jimparation,  exliibitod  in  Scctiuii  D. 


174      ANIMAL  KESOUKCEa  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  BTATE8. 

Other  whsiBebonc  mnmitf^clturee. 

20.  PbEPABATIOS  of  tortoise  SITELL.^ 

21.  Prepakation  of  pise-scale  wons. 

22.  PJ1EP.UIATI0N   OF  WAOBB. 

23.  PHEPAEATIOS   OF   COHAL* 

24.  PeEPAKATION  of  OTnER  HAUD  TISSUES. 


Y,  OILS  AND  GEUTIJiES. 

23,     EXTRACTIOX     OF     WHALE-OIL     (WITH    MODELS    OF     THY-WOKK 
CLAUIFYtNG-TATS,  ETC.). 

PrcparatioEi  or  body-oil. 


Cutting  in  and  stowing 

Leaning  and  mini-mg. 

Trying. 

Bailing. 

Cooling. 

Barreling. 

Befining. 

Preparation  of  head-oil. 
Preparation  of  spermaceti. 

Instraments  and  appliances  of  renderinsr  vrhale^oil. 

Boarding-knives.' 

Leaning-knives.* 

Mincing-horse  and  mincing-knives. 

Mincing-tub. 

Mincing-machine. 

Blubber-fork.^ 

*  These  processes  are  illustrated  in  part  hy  the  specimciu,  showing  the  horn,  Whftli 
hone,  and  toitoise-BheUi  m  vofiuua  uta^ea  uf  prcptirutivu,  cjUuUttvU  m  titxtwrn 
'ArroDged  with  the  kuivce. 
^Arranged  with  the  hwkn. 


:iON  OF   OTnEB    IffATtnfAT,  OILS. 
FACTION   OF  DTHD  AXD  BEPTILE  OILS. 
[XTKAfTION   OF  FUsn-OlLS   (WITU   5IODELS   OF  BOILEBS,  PEKSHES, 
CLAiaKYLNtt-VATS,  ETC.). 

ilGS&Q,  Model  of  mriilmdim  oil  factor)'.     Otmotl  by  Jos.  Church  &.  Co. 
.foAt'jih  LAwltir,  Qnfl}.ol,  Me. 
Ttc  fju  lory  it*  iliti  m<«r  thilKiraic  of  tho  sixiy  or  more  on  the  coast  of 
NfW  Euglaud  and  the  MMdlo  State's,  and  is  100  foot  in  length  by  40  in 
width. 


29.  EXTBACTION  OF  GLUE,  GELATINE,  ANT)  ISDfGLASS 


DRUGS,  PERFUMES,  MD  CHEMICAL  PRODUCTS 

30.  MAntTFACTtTBE  OF  rERFtniTES. 

31.  MANUFACXruE  OF  rVOEY-BLACK. 
;J2.  MAXUFACrrDB  of  PErSSIATES. 
33.  AlAXlTACTTBE  OF  Ml'BEXIDES. 

31.   I'KEFAKATinx  OF  COCHIKEAL  COLORS. 

iio.  MA:<uFACTmE  of  inks  from  animal  substances. 

3*;,  I'BErAUATlON  OF  ALBiniEN. 
37.  JLVNITACTUKE  OF  PEPSIN, 

M.vNrrACTtTJE  OF  PHospnours. 

M-lNn^\CTl•RE  OF  SAL  A^niONlAC. 

40.  MAxrpA<7rrBE  of  ajtmonia. 

*L  SUXTFArTmB  OP  ALBUSfEN  PUEPABATtONS. 
1"    *•    -'-pACTrUE   OP   PROPYLAMINE. 
-  FACiirKE  OF  FORMIC  AriD. 

ii  MANiryAOTTBE  OF  CAEBA20TATE3. 


VII.  MMUFACTURE  OF  FERTILmiRS. 

45.  PkePAE.VTION  of  GtJANO. 


model  or  Jlab-g^aano  works* 

Oriadera  and  ptdverizera* 
Hixera. 

25823.  Model  <ifg[3&Do-mixer.     Patented  April  27,  le&T.    Pcwie  nod  Hml, 
Uallimorej  M(L 
ThiA  Tnixti^r  m  emi»loyed  Ln  tho  fiah-gtioso  works  for  the  purpoo'  of 
tlioruDglily  Diixiug  the  fiiJi-scrap  nvitii  the  mineral  phusphalef  md  n*> 
pboric.  acid. 

Gmmo  in  its  Tarioua  stages,  with  ifs  lajifrodients,  Sflnfh  Carollni  pli» 
plaate^,  Kavas3A  pliosphatea,  scrap  (crurte  aad  dried),  siilpliiiT^tr  Kii 
kaiuit«r  jfcrooueil  aod  tmacrtwued  gutmo,  and  eeA'Weed  used  in  jprtpufr 
Hon:  a  full  Buries  of  theses  is  cxliibtted  in  tbi^  cusg  of  OouiOB, 


YIII.  LIMES. 

40,  UmtJiING  OP  LOIE. 

models  of  kilns  Tor  liurniias^  shells* 


IX.  PRESERYATION  OF  THE  ANIMAL  FOR  SCIENTIFIC 

USES. 

47.  Apparatus  poe  maxttco  aktp  peeseettng  ai^godouo  srEffl- 

MENS. 

Tanks  and  jars. 

Agassiz  collecting-tank. 

Army  coUcctiDg-taDk. 

Muslim  atorage-taLk,  Agaesk  modeL 

Anatomical  jars. 

Self-sealing'  jai-a  used  in  collecting. 

TialH. 

Syringes  for  Injecflni?. 

Inaatabic  bag's. 

Preservative  mixtures. 

cohol. 

ino. 


JUraUL  BBSOURCEfl  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     177 

hrciMrratiTe  mixtures. 

Carbolic  acid. 
Chloral  bydrate. 
Picric  acid. 
Osnucadd. 

Hebdlic  labels. 
Parchmeut  labels. 
Indelible  ink,  pencils,  &c. 

48.  APPABATTTS  fob  PBESEBYINa  AND  HAKINO  SKELETONS. 

I^faration  of*  the  bones. 

Hacen^g-vats. 

BoOing-vats. 

CleaDiDg  and  bleaching  preparation. 

iMiBtinff  or  the  bones. 

Scraping-tools. 
Artacalatang-tools. 

49.  Affabatub  fob  scakino  casts.    UODELma. 

■iterials* 

CUys. 

Plasters. 

OlneA. 

^^pier-mackd  and  carUm-pierre. 

O^atine. 

Paraffine. 

Collodion. 

Thia  Apparatns  and  material  is  in  constant  nse  by  tbe  ossisianttt  In  th* 
Notional  Moseom  and  the  Fish  Commission.  It  is  thought  scarcely  neo- 
esBory  to  exhibit  it. 


h«ai, 


et  and  modelini:  tools. 


^plaster. 
^gelatine. 
^  paper, 
ttpmffine. 


li,]lhKl4 12 


k 


178     ANIMAL  BESOUECES  AND  FISEIEBmS  OF  UKITED  CTATISL 

^.  Appahatits  and  iii:thod9  of  3iaki>^g  axd  iiorsTnos 

TAXIDEEMY* 

Plajiag- tools. 

Scraping-tools. 

Ttisidermists'  tools  for  stnffing' : 

Forceps* 

Pliers* 

Freservalirea  and  insect-powders. 

Arsenic  and  arsenical  soap. 

CoTTOBive  sublimate. 

Salt,  alum,  &c* 

Pcrsiaa  ia&eet-powder. 

Tobaeco,  Bauff,  used  as  prcBervative& 

Framen,  &c. 

Wooden  frames. 
Wire  frames. 
Plaster  model -bodies. 

6L  (ACOESaOET.)      PnOTOGEAPmC  and  OTHEH  DELINEAlISa  jrpi- 

BAT  us. 

Photographic  apparatus. 

Lenses. 

Cameras  and  fittings. 

Camera  tripods  and  stands,  with  modeU 

Fish  Commission  stands. 

' — '.  Model  of  Fiah  Commiasion  pam<?ra-6taad.    V.  S.  Fiflli  ComTaiirf* 
This  Bt&nd  in  omployiMl  in  tjikiiig  pkotograplia  of  Lirgfi  fiibflfr  1* 
enabliDg  ttio  photographtir  to  opcnato  Ixia  camera  TcrUcaJlj- 

Plates,  and  tlieir  results: 
*  Wet  platea. 

Dry  plates. 
Dar]£  closets. 

Canicra-oh!ifCiirns« 

mechanical  dciineatori. 

Jllelhodis  or  heliotypiift^  and  enirraving  illufttration** 


n 


SECTION"   D. 


MAL  PRODUCTS  AND  THEIR  APPLICA- 
TIONS. 

I.  FOODS. 

1.  Foods  ix  a  FEEsn  condition. 

Thia  section  iaclutlca  spocimeDi  of  tlio  zaarkotoblo  animals  in  a  frveh 
condition  in  refrigf^rators. 

fbllowing^  species  of  fish  vrere  exhibited  in  the  AUegrctti 
Banta  refrigcratora  in  the  Govomment  building  from  May  10  to 
iber  10,  by  Mr.  E.  G.  Blackford,  of  New  York  City. 


(eastern  coaet); 


•ftsh 


Itwvi 


^  Tetrodon 
Uur-fimh  (Chilomyctentg  geometricus), 
FUC'tUb  (BoJiitfJt  caprhrua). 
LoDf-tailed  Ale-tlsti  [Alutera  cuspicauda), 
Onnge  iile-flnh  {Cemtaoanthus  aurantiacus)l 
Anrijcan  sole  {Achirus  lineattis), 
Flat-fUh  [P»eudopl€uroncctcH  americanus), 
Hmniler  ( Chwnopgetta  oeellarin)* 
Jiftlibut  {Ilippofjhutsiut  vulgarU), 
^lla«;k  \roH<iv)iiuH  earbonarittg), 
^  {(jadu4  morrhua), 

Toiii.cod  or  fix)at  flsU  {Microgadiis  tomcodus), 
Haddock  {Mela/wgrammns  wglefinus), 
Hake  i  PhtfcM  chim), 
Stripod  j*t4»-robiu  {Prionotvg  evoJatui). 
^i'flad-fingered  sea-robin  {PnonotuJi  caroUmtji), 
^mren  {Ifemitriptcrm  americaniu), 
"'olf.fiijli  ^Anarrhichojt  Jupwt), 

Tiotog,  or  bluclv-fl^h  {Tantoga  onitifi),  weight  22J  poondH. 
^'Iu)if»ft.f  ,.»r  [TauUigoldbrm  atUpersus), 

^iJctoUi  idoHcantu  sp.). 

^fUDt-imOor  {Glgphidodon  itajcatilU), 
l4Uu|>.ftx^    r    ^nptcrva  lumpm). 


Xfh 


ISnZRlES  OF  UNITED  STATE 


.i.*vUttum\ 


-.: ".  P:njtracfits  pixfjuetOH). 
■ '  *  . 

"  '■   "pfttltalmttit), 
*  •■    'if  r'tiMciafo), 


'.  ''.  pifucfifhfa). 
■ .  *  pi  rri/onnh). 

•I'.itii), 
•h  {Ct/tt(Mchn  CdrolincHftitt). 
.lopn  occllafitft). 


'■''fnrr/flnrhtff). 

.  \»'.). 

■/I'/v//'/), 

V  /:,'.  (tpiiK,  i^v.). 

•  rUM  Ihinttus). 

■f.in\. 
'.•tittfs). 
txis). 


■i-yuirnitlis), 

'ifsj. 
'r»strts). 

"'ifltS). 

^.niii.-i), 

■lohhiiK  psriftittfttfrt}Uft'!t). 

■udliorris). 


iSDUL  BESOUBCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      181 

PMw*  (eastern  coast) : 

Hod  shad  (Dorosoma  Cepedianum). 

Sea  cat-fish  {Aelurichthys  marinutt). 

'Ee\{AnguilH  hostoniensis). 

Sturgeon  [Acrpenser  oxyrhtfnchua  and  A,  brevirostris). 

Spoonbill  (PoJyodon  folium). 

Kay,  or  skate  {Baia  sp.). 

Spotted-fln  shark  {Isogompkodon  maeidipinnia). 

Bog-fish  {Musteltta  Uevis), 

Ikhcs  (fresh  waters) : 

Bnrbot,  or  hiwj'er  (Lota  maculosa). 

Fresh-water  drum  (Haploidonotus  grunnietis), 

Small-monthed  bhick  bass  {Micropterm  salmoides). 

Large-mouthed  black  bass  {Micropterus  pallidtts). 

Bock  bass  {Ambloplites  rupestrts). 

San-fish  (Pomotis  aureus). 

Yellow  perch  {Perca  flavescens). 

Yellow  pike-perch  {8ti:osiedium  amertcanum), 

^tebass,  or  striped  bass  (Rocsus  chrysops). 

I^kepike  (Esox  lucius), 

^tasquallonge  {Esox  nobilior), 

^kerel  {Esox  reticulatus). 

^TOok  trout  (of  eastern  slope),  {Sdlvelmus  fontinalis), 

*^e  trout  (Salmo  confinis). 

*^oioE  trout,  or  Mackinaw  trout  (Cristivomer  namayctLsh), 

"Atlantic  salmon  {Salmo  salar). 

^bago  salmon  {Salmo  salar  var.  sebago). 

'^ite-fish  {Coregonus  albm).  , 

*^e  herring  {Argyrosomus  harengus  and  A,  clupeifarmis). 

■Michigan  grayling  (Thymallus  tricolor). 

"•oon-eye  {Hyodon  iergisus). 

^^^SAVH  {CatoHtomuH  teres  and  PtycJiostomus  aureolus). 

"«iffalo  fish  {Bubalichthys  bubalus). 

^**iner  {Stilbe  americana). 

"^^tftiiltes  {Amiurus  catus,  A.  nigricanSj  &c.). 

•*•  (western  coast): 

**lmon  {Salmo  quinnat). 
^«»a«els. 

^qoid. 


akimal  kesoubces  and  fisheries  of  nsited  sti 

2.  Foods:  bbied  and  smoked. 

[animal  preparntion§. 

Jerked  bear-meat. 

Jerked  seal  and  walrus  meat  (Indiuu). 

11435.  Dried  (jerked)  flosh  of  harbor  ftoal  (Phoca  vitvtina),     Ptw] 

pA&toraaiiaoddy  Indiaas.    Eastport,  Ue.    £.  Palmer. 

Jerked  and  smoked  buffalo-meat. 

142dl.  Dritfd  (jerked)  IIohU  of  bolTala  {Dt»on  awurieanuM),  im 

hunters'  two.    WyomiiH!.    F.  V.  HHydcu,  U.  8.  OeolngUi. 

10917.  Driod  (Jerked)  flesh ufbulI'»lo(£i«ma««r»(«UiM).    Propktfvd  b^ J 
liidiauB.    Army  Mcdicul  MiUMam. 

Dried  and  smoked  beef. 
Dried  and  smoked  venison. 
Hains  of  vainous  kinds. 
Jerked  i>oriK>ise  meat  (Indian). 

11436.  Dried  (.larked)  tieah  of  harbor  pprpoUo  {Pkocaena  ftraMyn'tfa), 

pared  by  the  Passiimatxnoddy  ludiaos  of  Eastern  Mainv^ 
Mu.    £.  Palmer. 

Jerked  squirrels  and  other  small  mammals. 
Pouunican. 

1333d.  Pcmmicnn  of  dried  flosb  of  bnfTalo  (Bimon  ttmericamuB\  wll 
hIuu  ciu^.     I'reparod  fur  hiuitcrB*  U6o.     Western  1' 
MfMlical  Museum. 

^^eat'biscuit,  desiccated  meat,  meat  extract  {cxtractum 
dGsiceiit<ed  and  condensed  milk,  &c. 

90524.  Valontine'd  proporatioa  of  meat  juice.    M.  Z*.  Vftlenttn*^  BScI 

Va. 
3SQ3r>.  yalontlno*A  moat  Jnlco  and  glycorino.    (Heat  jalee  1  port,  glj« 

3  parts. ) 
98358.  CondeuMMl  milk.     Tho  Gail  Borden  Eagle  brand  (made  in 

Now  York  Coudi»iu*od  Milk  Company,  New  York. 
903001  Dorden'f)  pure  cocoa  (in  combinntion  with  rrflncHl  fliig«raik4 

cDnilcased  milk).    Now  York  Condensed  Milk  Company,  Km> 
988S0.  Bardon'ii  inont-bitteutt  (made  iu  ]4M).    Cuinpo<MMl  of  f>u 
rxtract  of  brief  eomtiinnd  with  wht^t-flour.    New  York 
Milk  Coinpany. 
911961.  Bordeii't)  exLnu.'t  of  beef  (made  la  1870).    Proparod  hy  thit 

Meat  Proser\'ing  Company,  CoUirndo  (bounty,  Texoo.     Cm 
trateil  in  vacuo.    Now  York  Condi^iMted  Milk  Comp'^A?'' 
(Borden's  extract  of  beef  conaUtaof  the  jiiicta  of  lean  meal 
to  VMMw  lit  a  low  degree  of  hoat,  by  which  prooew  it  lr>    *  '  tli«  1 

iMie  and  timell,  objoctod  to  in  other  beef  extroeU,  art 
#tft>  Co«drn«ed  raw  btH>r(piilvrrij:mI}.     Prepared  by  ihv  NaLkAol 
•cf^-iug  Couipany,  Baltimore. 


ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISUESIBS  OF  UNITED  STATES.     183 


tlainmnl  pb^cparations* 

iCbpcse. 

So«  m  exhibition  of  Agricultural  Department. 

preparations* 

JerkcHl  birds  (ludian). 

ptilr  preparations. 

Dried  luardd  (InUiun). 


to, 


^isih  preparations. 

Sinuked  halibut.  , 

l^^^ried  ood,  haddock,  hake,  &c 

I^^^P   88730.  Aldeu't  vapor-otircd,  soow-ilakod;  irc«Ii  codfiAb.    £.  O.  Black/ord. 

I>ried  and  smoked  mullet  and  roes. 
[X>ri<^l  And  smoked  garfish,  flyhig-fish,  &c. 
lokcd  herring,  alewives,  &c.,  and  their  roes. 

lil.TO.  StnnkedNo.nicmng«(C/u/)Mfcarc»«?iM).   Eafitport.,Me.    D.T.OdeU, 
132131.  Smokod  "Mugdalona"  herrings  (Clupea  lutrtngm).     Eaatport,  Me. 

D.  T.  Odcll. 
1SU9.  Bmokod  ''acoled"  herrlnga  (CIuihsi  harttifftta).    Eaatport^  Uo.    D.  T. 

OilclL 
M560-^M.  Smoked  herring  (Clupea  harettgut).    EMtport,  Mo.    Griffin  Broe. 

salmon,  onlachan,  white-fish,  smelt,  &&,  and  their  roes. 

Smoked  vhite-flflh  {Coregonu^  aXbui).    Liiko  Erie.    Schocht  &.  Bro«., 

SBodusky,  Ohio. 
Smokrid  fle«b  of  the  qninuat  salmon  (Satmo  qvimnat).    Prepared  by 

the  McCloud  Eiver  Indiouiu    Shasta  County,  Colilbmia.    Liviog- 

Bton  Stone. 
Smoked  eturgi'Oii  (Jcipcnser  ruhicundM).     Lake  Erie.     Scliacht  A- 

Bros.,  SanduKky,  Ohio. 
Dried  flesh  of  trout  (Salmo,  dp.).    Used  as  food  by  the  Ahgy  IM-Uta 

Indians  of  Walker  Lake,  Nevada.    Stephen  Powers. 
Drie*l  egjfi*  nf  qninnat  salmon  (Salmo  ffuinnat).      Prepared  by  tho 

MoClotitl  Rivor  liidiatm.     Shasta,  Cul,     Livingston  Stone, 
Dried  eggn  of  i^ninnat  salmon  (Satmo  quimuit).    Prepared  tux  food  by 

tho  Uannack  Indians. 
Floor  nuulo  from  flpsli  of  tf|uinnat  salmon  (Salmo  qnianat)  by  tho 

MeCloud  River  Indians  of  Califoniia.    Livingston  Stone. 
Basket  of  drietl  salmon  (Salmo  qyinnat).    Prepared  for  food  by  the 

MoClondiUvor  Indians.    Shasta  County,  California.    Livingston 

Stone. 
Dried  flesh  of  salmon  (Salmo,  sp.).    Prepared  by  tho  Sitka  Indians 

of  Alaska.    AluHko.    J.  O.  Swan. 
DriiMl  llt-ih  of  t\\r>  qntnnat  salmon  (Salmo quinnat).    Used  as  food  by 

tho  McC'luud  Rivet  Indiana,     California.    Livingston  Stone. 


Fiiih  preparation§. 


IJJbiL  Dried  e^gfl  of  quinnat  salmon  (Suliwo  quinnat).  Uaed  u  fnoA  hy 
McCIoatI  Kiver  ludiuns.  Califoniia.  Shasra  County^  CaUfiar 
Livingston  f^tone. 

S1187,  EggBof  "herrLuK"  (*P'  inco^,)'  Teod  els  f<»od  by  Sitka  Inili 
Collected  by  tlioui  iipou  bmuoliPH  of  h^-uilix-k  {JtitM  McrttmaU 
planted  in  Hliallow  wutur,  upon  tbt?  apnwumg  grouDda  of  tbw 
Sitka,  AJaaka.    J*  G.  Swau- 


Smoked  sturgeon. 

Y€::iga^  pi-epiired  fi^om  ttie  uotacliord  of  stUigeon. 


L 


Insects. 

Di'ied  grasshopiK*t>t  (Itidiau). 


35314.  GruHsboppeTA.    DdtMl  Cor  foud  by  tUu  ludbuift  of  Southern  CalUb 
E.  Palmer. 


V 


Dried  worms  (Indiau). 


Dried  abalouea  {IlaUotift]  prepared  by  the  CalifoniJa  Cliinese^^ 
Dried  sii>hi>us  of  iScffizothfrntu  i>n?pait*d  l>y  tho  Indiana  of  tlie  No 

weat  coast. 
Dried  slugs  {Limax,  &c.),  used  by  Indians. 


Radiate  preparations. 

(Dried  holotliurians,  "  beclies  de  mer,**  nsed  by  Chinese.) 

Protozoans. 

('' Mountain  meal,^  a  kind  of  infusorial  earth,  mixed  with  floor, 
used  as  food  in  Lapland  and  China.) 

3.  Foods:  sainted,  canned,  and  piokled. 

Mammal  preparations. 

Salted  buffalo-meat 

Salted  beef.i 

Salted  deer,  reindeer,  elk. 

Saltc'd  tongues  of  beef,  buffalo,  deer,  horse.^ 

Salted  i)ork.* 

Oauiieil  luilk  of  the  ^^rioua  brands 


>BoQ  ttboTei  f .  lilB. 


imUL  BB80USCE8  AKB  FI8HEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES;     185 

IM  preparations. 

Gamed  toikey. 
Oanned  meats. 

SaiS.  Fiesb  tnrkey  (MeleagrU  galloj^vo).    Wm.  Underwood  &,  Co.,  Boston, 

[Mass. 
Mass.  Deviled  torkey  {Meleagrit  gallopavo).  "  **■ 

98644.  Cumberland  roast  turkey  (star  brand).    Portland  Packing  Company, 
Portland,  Me. 

Canned  chicken. 
Canned  goose. 

*^^tile  preparations. 

^ted  and  canned  turtles  and  turtle  sonp. 
Oaaned  frogs. 

30751.  Alden  fresh  green  turtle.  Prepared  by  Alden  Soa  Food  Company. 
Sold  by  Lynn  Mannfactariug  Company,  New  York.  Presented  by 
£.  G.  Blackford,  New  York. 

Pish  i>»i^paration8. 

Saltea  haUbat,  h»Ubut  fins,  &c. 

S&5371.  Fresenred  fresh  halibat  {Sippogloeau*  vulgatria).     Wm.  Underwood 
Jk  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

®**fc»ri  cod,  cod's  tongues,  sounds,  and  roe. 

^^9-23.  Fresh  codfiftb(Gadtwf}UH-Aua).   Wm.  Underwood  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Si€273.  Fresh  haddock  {Melanofframmut  (BgUJinut).    **  '* 

S*lt>e^  mMkereL 
^^^t^^l  Spanish  mackerel. 

Sd6650.  Fresh  Segain  mackerel  (star  brand).    Portland  Packing  Company, 

Portland.  Me. 
^&G%5-60.  Canned  mackerel  {Soomher  soombru*),    Kemp,  Day  &,  Co.,  New 

York. 
249-^.  Fresh  mackerel  {8com3>er  acombrut).    Wm.  Underwood  &  Co.,  Boston, 

Moss. 

^^ted  blueflsh. 
^*^ted  pompano. 
**lted  sword-fish. 
^^ted  muUets. 
"*lted  salmon. 

S4924.  Freah  salmon  {Salmo  talar).    Wm.  Underwood  &  Co.,  Boston,  Masa. 

96557.  Pickled  salmon  {Salmo). 

26755.  Freah  Columbia  River  salmon.    Brookfield,  Columbia  Kiver,  W.  T. 

J.  O.  Hegler  &.  Co. 
~— »  Canned  salmon.    A.  Booth  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Dl. 


1*^    AimtAL  BESOUSCSS  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  SXITBS. 

Salted  salmon. 

as;^  FraBh  Colombia  River  salmon.    Brookfield,  W.  T.   J.  O.  M^ler&Co, 

46757.  Fxvih  Columbia  River  salmon.  Brookfield,  Colombia  Biver,  W.  T. 
J.  Q.  Megler  &  Co. 

aSSOS.  spring  salmon  bellies  (salted).  Oregon  Packing  Company,  Fort- 
land,  Oreg. 

967-17.  Cook^B  Colombia  River  fresh  salmon.    Oregon  Packing  Compuy. 

Caaned  menhaden,  in  oil,  "American  sardines." 

16609.  "American  sardines."   Prepared  "dkl'hoile  "from  the  menhaden  (£>» 

vooriia  it/rannus).    American  Sardine  Company,  New  York. 
16702.  Cornish  sardines  (&  Fhoilo),  first  qoality.    Prepared  by  Fox  ATrsttf 

Falmouth  and  Kevagissyi  Cornwall,  frt>m  the  pilchard  (Chifm 

pilchardus). 
16680.  ''American  boneless  sordines."    Prepared  in  olive  oil  from  the  ib» 

haden  {Brevooriia  ttfrannua).      Process  patented  May  21,  Iffll 

American  Sardine  Company,  New  York. 
15516.  "Shadines."     Prepiurcd  from  the  menhaden  {Brevoortia  tymnm). 

Port  Monmouth  Fishery,  New  York.    Hooper  A,  Coit,  New  Tock. 

(Spiced  lampreys)  used  in  Europe. 
Anchovy-sauce  and  "essence  of  anchovies." 
Canned  menhaden,  in  oil,  "American  club-fisli." 
Spiced  menhaden,  "ocean  trout." 

.  Ocean  trout.     IIoopo  &.  Coit,  Port  Monmouth,  N.  J. 

Suited  herring. 

2G748.  Quoddy  River  herring  (salted).  Griffln  Bros.,  Eastjwrt,  Me.  Pre- 
seutcd  by  E.  G.  lilackford,  New  York. 

Salted  anchovies. 

2r>r>()5-C8  )  "  Kraiitcr  anchovies,  Christiania."   New  York.    Eagle  Preservd 
2G571-72  )      Fish  Company. 
20559.  Anchovies. 

Canned  herring,  in  oil,  "  Eussian  sardines." 

2rM(»"J.  Eussian  sanlinos. 

20503-20570.  "KiiHsisclieSardineii."  Adlerbrnnd.  Primaqnalitat.  "Bevil-' 
New  York.     Eaglo  Preserved  Fish  Company. 

Caviare,  jireparod  from  roe  of  the  various  sturgeons. 

12129.  Caviare.  Prepared  from  tlie  epij^a  of  tlie  lako  stnrfjf'on  (Jajx*" 
rubicundus).     Lake  F^rie.     Scliacht  &■  liros.,  Sandnsky,  Ohio. 

2G558,  Caviare, 

2CC35.  American  caviare.     Max  Ama,  New  York. 

20034.  Prime  Unssian  caviare.  (Patented  Nov.  9,  1875.)  H.  Dittn«r 
Hamburg.     Max  Ams,  New  York. 


i 


AVtMAL  R£S0URCE8  AND  FISUCBIfiS  OF  UNITED  STATES.     187 

^iih  prrparalBons. 

Pickled  fish  prepanitions. 

96fiS5.  Pickled  oels  (Atiffuilla  ht^tonienrit), 

2K0SL  Amoricon  eoU  (pickltHl  wU).    Mux  Ams,  New  York. 

10636.  •'Ilainburger  aalo"  (cans)  (pickled  wh).    Max  Aiu8»  Now  York. 

1SC6:tO.  "llaraliurger  aalo"  (picikkd  Mia  iu  jfUy)-    Max  Ama,  New  York, 

9GG31.  "Humliurger  a.-tlu'*  (wltcilu  t'vU  rnllcil  and  [tickled   witli  oUveaiy 

capcxK,  aud  muBhruomfi).    Max  Amu,  Nc^  York. 
90929.  Hamburger  aulo  (boxes).     Max  Ama,  New  York. 
StMCJU.  Hamburgur  a&le,    G.  Dittmau,  Uomburg.    Mux  Anu,  New  York. 

£.\tnu;t  of  fish. 

iK^ii>.  Extract  of  ftnh.    Mado  from  the  juio«9  of  tfac  flesh  of  flsbcs  (men* 
kndeti).  S.  L,  Guudalc,  Saco,  Me. 

'reparations  of  nioliusks. 

Caniied  clams. 
Cannefl  Little  Neck  clams. 
Canned  scollopH. 

Cockles  (Vardium  etlule),  nsed  in  Karopc  as  picklos  and  catsupt 
Se«  sujfplcuicntory  catalogue  of  lunrtebratca. 

K4.  Gelatines. 
imal  gelaliues  (sec,  also,  under  24) 

(r<4atines  made  from  tanners  refuse  and  from  sinews* 
Gelatines  made  from  feet  and  hoofs. 
Gelatines  made  from  bone  aud  ivory  8ha\'ings. 

ird  grBatincB. 

(5e«U  of  e^eulent  swallows  {dtJocalia  e^culcnta,  Cfncipkaga^  C.  in- 
tHjkOj  &C.),  cxix»rted  fmm  ludiau  Arcliii>elago  to  China.) 

i»h  s^elalinei*  or  iMng:las8  (see,  also,  under  24). 
h»rrt  gelatine. 

Gelatine  from  cocoons  of  silk-worms. 

5,  Baits  and  foods  foe  animals, 

rrparrd  baitff.    (Sco  under  B,  45.) 

ood  For  dociienlicatcd  animals* 

00' factory  scraps. 

Hah-iioraps. 

Cnttle-flsii  bone  (see  under  18). 


I8S      AXIMAL  BESOUaCES  AfiB  FJSH£E1£S  01'  UNITED  STATCa. 

' '    ^ 

II.  clothing; 

^  PuES  (embracing  the  ftiTS  in  tlieir  roiigli  stak'  (r>oUrit*,s),  um\  in  the 
various  stages  of  pi'opai'atioii;  aim  tho  inniiufiR^tiircti  article^n,  surh 
as  robes,  nigs,  cloaks,  sackij,  tippets,  ctiffM,  inuftHj  bat*f,  caps,  gloves, 
triimningd,  and  Liaings).       '  M  '      ' 

1 

Mammal  Oir^.    ^  '   \   . 

Puma  (Jbfi*  coffooMr),  used  fbr  corriage-robeBj  rttgs^  &c.  ,j,,^;^ 

H.  67.  Uliaomi.     C.  A.  H^rpicb  &  C«rV     . :  ^  '->is,"U  C  AH^V<f 
.  Ocelot  (Felis  pardalu)  iised  for  rugs.  '    *"■**• 

12&09.  T4?xau.     Siaitluwniau  IiwtitutioD.        •-►*"•''  rir-:-il«l*l«4«| 

Jaguar  [Feli^  oncu)^  used  for  rags.  ,  ^'"/^      •^f    • 

.  Texas.     SmithisoQiaD  Inatltutiou.  -n-''     .-'    . 

Oat  {Felis  domeaiica)^  used  fo£iobcs  and  i)hilo«opUicnl  apparatus: 
Black  cat.  ' 

Wliitecat. 
Maltese  cat. 
Tortoise  sb ell  cat.     -  '  *    r*" 

H.  G4.  Natural.    United  Stated.     C.  A.  Herpich  &  Co, 
U.  65.  Dyed  browu.    Uuited  States.    C.  A.  Herpich  &  Co. 

Canada  lynx  (Lyjix  cartadeTisis),  used  for  rags  and  trinuaings  and 
dyed  muffs,  boas,  &c. 

24754.  Labrador.    G.  R.  Honfrow  Oc  Co.,  Qaebeo. 

Bay  lynx  (Lynx  rufus),  used  for  rugs,  and,  when  dyed,  moffs  and 
boas. 

H.  Gl.  Natural.    Minnesota.     C.  A.  Herpich  &  Co. 
H.  Gti.  Dyed  browu.    Kuniuia.  " 

H.  63.  Dyed  black.  "  « 

H.  59.  Dyed  black.  " 

H.  60.  Dyed  brown.  " 

Eskimo  dog  {Cants  sp.),  used  for  ruga,  &c. 

t*4756.  Labrador.    0. 12.  Renfrew  &,  Co.,  Quebec. 

Wolf  {Cants  lupus)j  used  for  lining  rugs  and  robes. 

12503.  Black  variety. 

H.  75.  Gray  variety.    KftnHaw.    C*  A.  HarpM>  A  C|s::   <<  ■<.  ) 

24753.  Labrador.    G.  B.  Benik«v  jb  Co.^  4"b^^  '  ,      .         . 


BESOUBCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     189 

iawwl  iters. 

•     Coiyote  or  praine-vroif  {Canis  latrans),  used  for  mgs  and  robes. 

H.  75.  Colorado.    C.  A.  HerpiiOi  &  Co. 
1014.  Smit-hsonUn  lostitution. 

Bed  fox  (Vulpe8/iUvu»)  used  for  robes. 

3I3B7.  Labrador.      G.  H.  Renfrew  &  Co.,  Quebec. 
H.  34.  Conneoticnt.     C.  A.  Herpich  &  Co. 
H.  35.  Indiana.  *< 

H.    3.  MisBoari.  " 

Silver  fox  ( Vulpes  alopexy  var,  argentatns),  used  for  mufife  and  txim- 
mings. 

247&9.' Labrador.    G.  R.  Renfrew  &  Co.,  Quebec. 

Cross  fox  ( Vnlpes  alopexy  var.  decussattis),  used  for  robes  and  trim- 
mings. 

34753.  Labrador.     G.  R.  Renfrew  &  Co.,  Quebec. 
H.  30.  Montana.     C.  A.  Herpicli  &  Co. 

Arctic  fox  ( Vulpea  lagopus). 

S4760.  Labrador.    G.  B.  Renfrew  &,  Co.,  Quebec. 
H.  29.  White  Aretio.     C.  A.  Ilerpich  &  Co. 
H.  S8.  Blue  Labrador.  *' 

Kit  fox  ( Vulpei  velox)  used  for  robes,  muffs,  trimmings. 

H.  37.  Nebraska.    C.  A.  Herpicli  &.  Co. 

Gray  fox  ( Urocyon  virginianvs),  used  for  robes,  rugs,  and  linings. 

H.  32.  Michigan.    C.  A.  Herpich  &  Co. 
H.33.  North  CoroUna.  " 

American  or  Hudson's  Bay  sable  {Muatela  ainericana)^  used  for 
cloaks,  muffs,  cuffs,  boas,  linings,  &e. 

43^.  Summer  Arctic  const.     B.  R.  Ross. 
10176.  Alaaka.     Licnt.  F.  M.  Ring. 

4389.  Arctic  const,     B.  R.  Ross. 
4C0.  Fort  Boise,  M.  T.     Dr.  Geo.  Suckley. 
S4764.  Orange.    Labrador.     G.  R.  Renfrew  &  Co.,  Quebec. 
247C3.  Silver.  "  "  " 

34762.  Black.  "  "  " 

H.  25.  Labnulor.     Smithsonian  Institation. 
H.  25.  N.  W.  coast.  "  " 

H.  2a  Lake  Superior.     "  " 

H.27.  Maine.  "  " 

Fisher  or  pekan  {Mustela  Pennanti)  used  for  linings ;  tails  used  for 
trimmings. 

3230.  Fort  Crook,  Oreg.     Capt.  Gardiner. 

1006.  Fort  Dalles,  Oreg.    Dr.  Geo.  Suckley.  * 

Kl00..8ietUHXKnii,  Wash.  " 

ItOQL  Fort  Palloi,  Oregon.  '' 

K  B9adc.  Labrador.    O.  R.  Renfrew  &.  Co.,  Quebec. 


tftO     AXdMlL  RESOUHCES  AHQ  FlSHEIUKa  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


Shtafiae  or  wcasal  {Puloriu^  ermtAea)  of  ti^fttup^  heau9|iberey  Vhsod 
&r  cloaks^  linings,  Sx*  '   '^f^Jf 

84765.  Xiabraflor.     G.  1?.  Uenfrnw  &  Co.,  Qnebec.  ''^ 

"EL  3U.  (5  apeiuhueuii.)    Unitud  Stated.     C.  A.  BurpicU  At  Co. 

Jfink  {Futorim  vison)^  used  for  cloaks  and  uiafl^, 


.  Arctic  coMt     B.  IL  Ewa.  "''^ 

9B0.  CaLiforuiu,    Lt,  TrowljridgOr 
SiS^i  Pagut  Sound*    Dr.  Keimerly.  •  '-f».  "^  '■     ,    4b  'ji- 

2997.  Cnpe  Flattery,  Woftli,     Dr.  Goo.  Snckley,  if'tM 

S4786.  Brown.    Labrador.     G.  IL  Reu&ew  &  Co.,  4nebe«>      ,  _ 
H.  la  New  Torfc.    C.  A,  H«r[^icli  A  Cflu  ~ 

H.  19,  Minn^oto.  "  ^.      v»*  "  • 

H.  «>.  Ohio.  «* 

H.«2.  Maine,  **  '  ^'•' 


f 


H-tX  Florid*.  «  ,..^.t      r.    .,. 

WcdyeriDe  ((7irZo  rirst^K^),  hsmmI  for  maifs,  roHes,  Tlilflgii 

84707.  Labrador.    G.  |t,  H(>&&6w  As  Co..  Qn^beCi    "'    "^^  '* 

U33S.  FibiiDK,  Utah.     Llen^.  G«a.  M.  Wboelcc.        *   '*  '      - 
4379,  Ttirt  SinipBaii,  H.  B.  T.    Robt,  Kcanicoti      '  ""•*     "     " 

American  badger  [Taa^dea  amcricana),  used  for  mvfk  and  mgs, 

26609.  Southern  Utah.    U.  S.  Engineer  Coipe. 
H.  70.  United  States.    C.  A.  Herpioh  &  Co. 

Skunk,  Alaska  sable  {Mephitis  mephitica)jWa/6d  for  mol&y  boas,  &c 

8^  Woehington,  D.  C.    S.  F.  Baird. 
H.  7.  Block.    Ohio.    C.  A.  Herpich  Sc  Co. 
H.  8.  Half-Btriped.    Pennsylvania.    C.  A  Herpioh  4b  Co. 

H.  9.  Striped.    Connecticut  '* 

H.  10.  White.    Missouri.  " 

Striped  skunk  (Spilogale  zorilla). 

11138.  Harsh  Valley.    Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden. 

Otter  {Lutra  canadenMs),  with  specimens  of  the  plucked  and  dyed 
fur,  used  forinuffs,  trimmings,  &c 

3803.  White  River.    Fnget  Sound.    Dr.  George  SnoUej. 
24768.  lAbrador.    G.  B.  Renfrew  &  Co.^  Quebec. 

25752.  Dressed  by  G.  C.  Treadwell  &  Co.,  Albany,  N.  T. 

25753.  "  " 
25763.            "                          « 

H.  41.  Natural.    Maine.    0.  A.  Herpich  Sc  Co. 

H.  42.  Natural.    Plucked.    Canada.     C.  A.  Hetpieh  4k  Co. 

H.  43.  NatunO.    Plucked  And  dyed.    New  Toik.    C.  A  R«ipieh  4fc  Okti 


ASDUZ^  RESOURCES  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  UN1TEU>  STATES.     11)1 


naiuntnl  Aim. 

Seaottei*  {Enhydra  marina),  used  for  luui]^^  gloves,  collars,  cuffs, 
trimiziiiif^ 

lUfia.  St.  TftulV  laland,  AliMko.    n.  W.  EUlott. 
IflK*.  •* 

il    VI.  Cnlifoniia.    C.  A.  Horpidi  A  Co. 

H.  45.  Silver  tipped.    CnUfomio.     C.  A.  Hcrpich  &  Co. 

tlack  bear  ( Urtua  amerioanua)^  used  for  caps,  ruga,  mnffet,  robes,  &c. 

3470).  l^abruclor.    G.  B.  Ron&ew  Sc  Co.,  Quebec. 

24770.         ••  "  *.* 

n.  (^K  Miiiiiemta. 

H.  7fi.  EaitBAA. 

H.  77.  WmI  Virginia. 

13510.  WhitM  ht-nr  {^Thaiarctot  marmmtta),  used  for  rugs,  robes;  extcoBivelx 

by  I  tie  Kfl1iiin(ifl. 
t0004"A.  Grizxly  bear  (  Ur»iu  luirribiUt)^  nnod  for  rngn,  robeft,  trimmlngB. 
V£i07.  BAfcitoii  {rrovjion  htor),  iluhI  fur  hax»,  liuings: 

II.  1.  Xfttnrftl,    N'orlbem  New  Vork.     C.  A.  Herpicli  St.  Co, 

H.  2,  Nat  III  al.    Ohio.  " 

H.  3.  NalTinil.    Virginia.  .  " 

U.  4.  Natnnil^  iiliiclicd.    WtscoDftin.  *^ 

n.  5.  I)yr<l  »)liu>k.     MiciiiRUU.  " 

K.  ti,  D,\e(I  blaek  aud  ellrcr  itointftd.    Micbigau.    C.  A.  nerpicb  Sl  Co. 

Tnr  inemX  {CaUirhinuM  «rWnu«]  used  for  cloaks,  liats,  gloves,  mnfib, 
liniiigSj  trinimiiiga,  &c. 


12513-1  l-I.VIR-U-18.  St.  Piinrs  Wand,  Alaska.    H.  W.  Elliott. 
Kij^n.  Uii)iltii-k«*d.     Ilntrlanson,  Kohl  &  Co.,  Bau  Francisi'o,  CaL 
Alibtka.     Hutchinson,  Kohl  &,  Co. 
rr>ht)ov  Inlnndii,  Alaska.    Hnlchinson,  Kohl  &  Co. 
Alaska.    C.  A.  Ilerpich  &  Co. 

AlaMka.    O.  C.  TrcadwcU  &  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


9C^^.  Tupluckt'd. 

6757.  Unplurked. 

C575H.  Loudon  dyt 

H.  ua.         " 

I.Tnidiirkod. 
M,  I'tiK^kc^t.    South  8<'a.        "  " 

iU),  t'npliirked  |>clt  of  furneal.     Alaska. 

;n.  piiiokcd        '*       "  '* 

[ViiVJ,  rinrkrd  and  <lresaod  pelt  of  fnr  maI.    Alaska. 
IMiM'ki'd  and  dyud  pelt  of  fur  eeal.    Aloaka. 

C*uiii]iaitf , 

ktATctic  fur-seal  {ArctoccpJuilu^  a^cklandiats),  &c. 


Alaska  Commercial 


fSTm.  Drcaaed  by  G.  C.  Treadwell  A.  Co. 

roi. 


Istos  do  Diego  Itaminw. 
South  Georgia  Islands. 


n904-S.«-T. 


Statin  Land,  8onrh  Atlantic. 
South  Shetland  Islands. 
II 

it 


Deposited  by  Dnryea  &  ITallct,  Rahvay,  N.  J. 


192     ANIMAL  HESOUBCES  and  FI9UBRIBS  OF  UNtTHD  ^TA'H^^^H 

Cuiuled  sciil  {Wstrwpkttca  equejftrlH),  nrtod  by  EHkinioa  as  fur.      ^H 
7580,  (ilujj),    Caiio  IloniiinKofT.    W,  H*  Dna  ^^^H 

Siliiaro  tiipper  seal  {EtitjHaihHa  barbatuji),  ^^^M 

lQ4'21i.  Lnbrodor.    (ifvcmor  QrNrwfoiiudluqd.  ^^^H 

Pucltic  hair  mal  {Pho<m  Rkhatdlt).  ^^^M 

H,  8U,  Whito  c'Wftt.    PucUlc.    C.  A.  HiTiiiih  A^  Crt.  '    V 

H,  90»  Wliiti-  coat,  wiiver  ptijtit(5d,     i'adlt^s.     C  A,  IWrploL  &.  Co.  ^ 

llood  orblacl(ler-no«e  Kt*al  {Vi/ntophora  rrijrfrtto).  ^^^J 

l^tM,  VonnK.     LaUrsifhir.     GoVfrunr  nf  KpwfotiuiUiniil,  71^1 

124'^%.  IlLiilluLti^r^l  yonr  util}.     I.iiljrailot'.     Gavoruor  or  Ni^wfunD4tM^^| 
l^-lSIi.  Lnbradnr,    Cinvi-nmr  nf  Ni'wffliiinllaiHU  ^^ 

Haq>  fioal  [Pa^ophilftfi  ijrtrtilantlirfffi)^  with  simx-Iwr'HS  of  tli©  wliita 
fur  of  the  luiborii  «nb  uuil  tlio  blue  fur  of  thv  yvmn^* 

1182B.  irnbom.     XowrutiniUatid.    Mlrlianl  Carroll. 

1'2427.  Lubnuiorl    Gtivi-nitfr  of  Ki.<wi«ninill:i.iMK 

IS4'JL  ycrtiii(f»    Lul'mdor.    Guvynior  of  Ni^wfrtiiTuilan*!. 

IZit'U.  Sunk  made  from  white  fiir.    Orcoiiland.    8.  F.  Baird. 

nair  seal  {Phoca  rUttUnft)^  iishI  for  nnats^  caps,  lining  for  «boes. 

34771.  Labrador.     G.  R,  Renfrew  &  Co.,  Qnebeo. 
H.  91.  Dyed  black.     Halifax.    C.  A.  Herpich  A  Co. 
H.  92.  Dyed  brown.         •*  " 

Bison,  or  buffalo  {Btaon  amerioanwi)  used  for  rags  and  robes. 

H.  82.  Full  furred  winter. 

H.  63.  Fall  robe.    Montana.    C.  A.  Herpieb  &  Co. 

H.  84.  Sammor  robe.      "  " 

H.  85.  Indian  painted.  "  " 

H.  83.  YearUngcalf.      "  " 

H.  87.  MediHni  calf.       "  " 

H.  8ft.  SmaU  calf.  "  " 


Mii8k  OS  [Ovibos  mosckatus)  used  for  robes,  rags,  and  triamuBSL 

12C20.  Hudaou'8  Buy  Territory. 

12519.  Calf.     Hud(M>n*«  ttny  T4»rritOfy.       _ 


Mountain  sheep  {Ovi»  montana). 

H.  80.  Montana.    C.  A.  Hcrpioli  &  Co. 
Antelope  (Antiloiapra  amcricana). 

H.  81.  Indian  Teri^tury,    C.  A.  Heritlcli  &  Co. 


AimMX.  KEPOTBCES  A5D  FISnTBTCS  OF  UKITED  8TATC8. 

[junmnl  fur* 

Elk  {Cfrviw  cana<fim»i*«),  used  for  ruf^  and  robi^. 

H.  ?&  MnnlADOL     C.  A.  Uerpicb  &  Co, 
Virjfinia  d<*er  {Carinctts  virtpnianus), 

VXA'i.  Virginia  deer,  iwo<l  for  oimmiugH  »nd  rubea. 
Xilack-tailcd  deer  {Cnriacith  columbinmut)^  ntwHl  for  robon  and  nijfu. 

11(101-11005.  Prvpoi-od  liy  McClniul  Rivvr  ImliauB,  Callfonila.     Llviutfalua 

BOATk.  Tuget  Sound.    Dr.  Eeimorly. 
'ule  d«>er  (OwnWu*  »n<r^ofw),  used  for  trimintn^rfS  r^'l'Wi. 
n.  00.  MontauA.     C  A.  ll*)n>l<^li  &  Cv. 
WiKHlland  <*-aril>oa  (TarancfiM  rangifcr^  NnbNj>adojt  raW&ow),  tuiod  for 

M774.  Lnhnwlor.    0.  R.  Renfrew  6l  Co-,,  Qnobof*.  ! 

Barren  ^ound  caribou  (raran/fn«  raM^t/er,  fMbik^eii'Xf^^g'/atnlandimiM), 

IXSm.  (AllOoo.)    P.  Ctaorclim.  Hudivm'*  Itey;  W.  W,  KJrkl>r. 
90QO.  (YuaDg.)    BAbe  from  llAckeuxU'*  Rive/,  11.  fi.  T.     It.  K«ifiile<rtl. 

Moose  {JLleet  maiekk),  oaed  £i>r  ru^  sncl  robeau 
91773.  Labndur,    O.  R.  Be«rirw  A  C«.,  Varbee. 

Hole  (SmXajpt  «im1  Comdyimra  «p.),  lued  lot  rode*  and 
IL 1%  UiOlad  Bcaftn.    C.  A.  Hopidh  A  C*. 


iroDdcbDck  or  tUBtmr 
ae  ^wliiu;  and  gny 

sent.  lAfcm^ir.    G. 
fLTL  "  -  l"-ilB 


f jlntfMBf*  flMcor)  robeay  rspoft«d  tm  Ramp* 
•flHd  for  ffrtniMad 


■lT- 


iM/^er^  «r 


C  A. 


AC* 


PwfT^ 


IH  AxnuL  BMomaois  AXD  nsHBRSBi  or 

Manunal  fkinu 

MoBqtiaah  {Fiber gibetkUnu)^ naed tormufhj  inayp«|.caB%mdJi 
and  imitationB  of  bearer  fiir. 

94779.  Labrador.    O.  IL  Benfrew  &  Ca,  Qnebee. 

84780.  BiMk  TBiiety.    Lftbndn^   Ok  B.  BMiflww  Athh,  4t«bM. 

H.  IS.  Kfttaral  brown.    lUine.    C.  A.  Hnpioh  4i  Co. 

H.  13.  Natural  brown.    TnAliiiiii.  '     " 

H.  14.  Natana  blaok.    New  Jenof.  " 

H.  15.  Flnoked  and  dyed.    C.  A.  HerpielL  St  Co^ 

H.  16.  Plnekadandeolond.'  «' 

Keatria,  or  ooypa  {Mjfopotamiu  cagpu$)f  naed  to  linings  and 
and  imitations  of  beaver. 

H.  106.  Phioked.    Bnenoa  Ayx«a.    C.  A.  Hetpieh  4b  Go. 

Beaver  {Oa$tar  etmadentU)^  nsed  tar  linings  and  mnib. 

laao.  Spotted  aniino.    Bristol  Bay,  Alodka. 
S4777.  Anmiean.    Labrador.    O.  B.  Beoftew  4b  Co.,  Qnabee. 

Mna       "  **    '  .      «  " 

UG0&  Wbite. 

H.4a  pyedBBdiUvet'tlppod;'  HndMnte'Bi^Taetffas3r.'--C.  A.1 

4bCo. 
H.  47,  Djed  and  illrer  tipped.    Canada.    C.  A.  BarpUik  4b  Co^ 
SL  48C  Dyed  abdploeked.    Lake  Bnjimlat.  " 

H.  49.  NatoraL    Lake  Saperior.  " 

H.  SO.  Natural,  in  hiir.    Kansas.  " 

Hare  {Lepusy  yarioas  specios). 

H.  Sa  United  States.    C.  A,  Herpich  &.  Co. 

19(}15.  Fur  blanket.     Fi-Ut«  Indians.     Walker  Lake,  Nevada.      ( 
Powers. 

Babbit^  or  cony  {Lepus  cunieutus),  nsed  for  ohildien's  fors,  ai 
tations  of  seal,  beaver,  &c,  exported  largely  to  China. 

H.  51.  Dyed  brown,  sheared.    United  Statee. 

H.  52.  Natural  blue. 

H.  53.  Natural  white. 

H.  54.  Dyed  black. 

H.  55.  Natural  blue. 

H.  56.  Natural  white. 

H.  57.  Gray.    United  State*.    C.  A.  Herpich  4b  Coi. 

Possom  (i>iWWj>Ay«  virginianut), 
H.  17.  Ohio.    C.  A.  Herpich  4b  Co^ 

Mountain  cat  {Bas$aru  attuta), 

H.  66.  Montana.    C.  A.  Herpich  4b  Oot 
a.lL  MteHmri.  <« 


i]fUIAL  RESOUSCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.      195 


I^U  {Odjfmbus  t/irquatu»)* 

i:iU3.  t'tusl  tiy  Mnlcali  Imliann  in  nianafactnre  of  robcA.    Xevah  Bay.  Waab- 

iu^'tnn  TiTTitorj-.     J.  *t.  Swan. 
1290.  Eolwi  tntm  down  of.    Ni'cith  Bay,  W.ieUiDgton  Territory.    J-  O.  Swan. 

Swoix's  {Cffgntu  americantm)  furs  and  »wtui':j  down  truriuiiugD. 

It  lOl.     1.  UiiHwl  Stftt**.     C.  A.  llerpU-h  &,  Co. 
a.  101  IL  "  " 

Uro^^rn  jmlican  (Pcl^antut  ftiacut). 

tSOGfi.  Tlbtumn  UlAudA,  ftouora.    E.  Palmer. 
s«  {Anter  8p.). 


-XX  99.  Unitrd  Rtnt*-*.     P.  A.  ITt'rpicb  &.  Co. 
:»i  100.  United  StAicu. 

7.  Leather.    (Soo  under  20.) 

8.  TEKTII.E  FADBICB. 


irrpa  mr'cd  IVoin  liair  or  mammals. 

Hncv^ait  hnir  nwd  in  inunufuctnre  of  wntch-t'huins. 

of  b'.itM  used  iit  felUiip:  and  in  phiiting  rujK'a  in  Central  America 
^1  ttifWolM  in  New  Caledonia. 
X"  of  nict^oon  used  iu  telling  (largely  cxiiortoil  to  Germany  for 
Aa«?  use  of  butters). 
Haix-  of  weaselx  and  sables  u,se<l  in  fi^Uinj;;:. 
lI»Li-  of  far  seal  woven  \\  ith  silk  in  the  inunufaetiire  of  shawls. 
^^®o«c  hair  and  it«  fabrics. 

»^^  <Aiid  calf  hair  n8<.*d  in  the  manufa(*tare  of  imitation  woolen  ^oo<Ij^ 
ohi^cp'tf  wool,  with  spceiuious  of  lleeces  and  Ktapled  \v«>ols,  froui 
^"«^riou8  Ureeda  and  looalitieK,  KUort>wool  fUbricH^  broa<bIoth8, 
*'»«iriuoo8,  llaunt^lrt,  mouselins  de  laino,  Heri;;eH,  twvwlH,  blanUetn, 
•'iir|>els,  and  tai't.inSj  wta'st^l  fabrics,  si ufl's,  lxnnb:izint*s,  cainlotK, 
^^ItawU,  |iIaKhe>»  an<l  velvetH,  hosiery,  and  yamH,  felt«,  felt-cloths, 
"  an*!  f*»lt  haU. 
^*<>*Uf'  wool  with  specimens  of  mohairs^  cashmeres,  plushes,  velvct- 
fteiii*,  eandets,  and  shawls.    (For  manufiu*tured  wigs  and  i>emkeH, 
«e«  under  21.) 
\>ak  [Potphaguti  grunnieM)  wool  with  specimens  of  yak-lac^  and 
ibrirs.) 

iiiiir  Willi  spcetmens  of  fabrics,  plushes,  felts,  shawls,  &c.) 
(Uiiir  of  llama,  tmco,  |cuanaco,and  vieu^oia,  witli  specimens  of  alpaca, 
guauAco,  and  other  fabrics,  and  umbrellas  and  other  articles  manu- 
&etorcd.) 


\ 


196      ANIMAL  BESOHRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  8TATEA. 

Prepared  <Voin  hair  of  mammals. 

Hair  of  horses  used  in  weaving  fomitare-coTers,  crinoline-slditft, 

and  bags  for  pressing  oiL 
Hair  of  buffalo  used  in  plaiting  ropes,  laiiats,  &c. 
For  of  mole  used  in  felting. 

Beaver  (caator)  tax  with  specimens  of  the  felt  cloths,  hats,  &c. 
(Neutria-ftir  used  in  felting  and  in  the  mano&ctore  of  hats.) 
^lusquash  fur  used  in  felting. 

Possum  hair  with  fabrics  of  Indian  and  other  mannfiaetiire. 
Fur  of  rabbit  and  hare  used  in  felting,  with  specimens  of  liats  and 

cloths. 
Whalebone  fiber  used  in  weaving  cloth  covers  for  teleaoopes,  &c 

Prepared  IVom  feathers  of  birds. 

Cloths  woven  from  feather  (China). 

Prepared  lyom  siil£  of  insects.     (This  collection  should  in- 

elude  specimens  of  the  cocoons,  the  raw  silk,  the  spun  silk,  and  of  the 
various  fabrics,  plain  and  figured  silks,  satins  and  satinettes,  shawU, 
damasks,  brocades,  crapes,  and  ribbons.) 
Silk  of  common  silk-worm  {Bamhyx  mort). 
Silk  of  Samiacecropia,  iSami'a  jK)/yj>A«m««, and othernatire  American 

moths. 
(Silk  of  exotic  moths  other  than  Bomhyx  morij  such  as  the  tussah 
{Bomhyx peniyi  and  l>ombyx  mylitta),  the  moonga  (Saiurnia  axsa- 
mensis)y  tho  joreo  {Bomhyx  religiosa),  the  cna  or  arindy  {Bombyx 
cynthia),) 
Fabrics  wovoii  by  the  insects  themselves,  as  Tinea  padiUa, 
Silk  of  spiders. 

Prepared  lY-om  l>>-8$ii8  of  mollnslcs. 

(Fabrics  woven  from  byssus  of  the  wingshell  (Pinna  nobilii)  and 
other  molliisks.) 


BESOUBCEB  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      197 

MATERIALS  EMPLOYED  L\  THE  AETS  AND  MAN- 
UFACTURES. 

Hard  materiaU, 

0,  Ivory  axd  bone. 

ry  ormaaiiualM. 

Trifiks  of  walrus  used  for  trinkets,  handlesj  jewelry,  buttons,  paper- 
kuivea,  counteni,  &c. 

2S65tt.  Tnaka  of  walriiM  {Rmmarui  obe»H»),  Atiuka.  C  H.  CrnndAl]. 
\t&iH.  Commercial  walnw  iv<»ry.  P»wiio<A,  Aliiskii.  H.  W.  Glliotf. 
XfiXtA.  Ttwtli  uf  yuiin^  wulruM  (/fnimnriiJi  rV>(«M«),     TutMl  in  making  jHiwiler 

cliargvni.    \ttitivtik  lHl.'tn<l,  Aln«kn.     VT,  H.  Pnll. 
S4919.  Ivory  of  walnm  in  toiirIi  atatr.     Jowph  ShurdJow,  Nw  York. 
S4W7.  Bcritiiftliawod  tooth  of  walmtt  {liotmarnt).     (Kigurv  of  Iwly.)    Geo. 

Y,  Nirkereon,  New  Bfilfonl,  Mum. 
'91000.  Scrimshawed  tooth  of  walni8(i?0iiiwiri(«).    (Figure  of  Irnl)*  and  honw.) 

Geo.  y.  Nickersou,  New  Uedfurd,  MfWS, 
8cTinud)uwml  toolh  of  y!o,\r\\r,{l:oamarn8  CookH).    Repulse  Bay.    Capt, 

n.  C.  Cbosler,  Noauk,  Coun. 
t&B&i,  IIariH>oD  bcttd  miuio  nt  sea  from  walroa  liutk.    J.  H  BortU'tt  &  Boun, 

New  B*Mlfunl,  Moba. 
8631.  Baadle  nf  walniM  ivnry.    Northvcet  coast,  Ararrira.     United  States 

Kxploriikg  F.xptilition.     Cupt.  Chiui.  WlIki'H,  I*.  S.  N. 
ftl81&-C  Cane*  humlU'S  of  \rnlL'n8  ivory.     Joseph  Hhardlovr,   New   York. 
d4eil2.  Chuiu  »nd  cntwi  of  wnlrua  ivory. 
ftiSl-C  Knohtt  of  w^alriiH  Ivory. 
S4813.  ScajY-Blide  of  valrus  ivory. 
'SMH|7-li*.  Sword  handles  of  walrua  ivory. 
9M82(M21-S3.  Knife  handler  of  wulnut  ivory. 
(.  Crochet-nertllea  of  wnlniii  ivory. 
Pool-baUs  of  walniH  ivor>'. 
.7-8-U-;{(»-3I-Cfti.  Bnttuns  and  stnds  of  n-alrus  Ivory, 

low,  New  Y'lrk. 

*eetli  of  bftara,  dof^s,  woItcs,  foses,  peccaries,  and  other  large,  mam- 
mtUs,  us(h1  us  implements,  arrtiw-tips,  and  ornumeut^,  by  IiiiliiinH. 

Gift&O.  Bear  teeth  (iiitod  «»  ommnentH).     BluomfloUl,  N.  Y.     dX.  K.  Jowott. 

*lk  ivoo'  (<i«^*<l  by  ludiuus  for  ornamentation). 

WT\,  Ivory  of  oik  (CATiMcaii<i(20fl«<i).    Yomp  Utoli  Indians,  Utah.    Captaia 
UuuulAiin,  L*.  8.  A. 

'H>th  elt'phnnt  {Kleph/m  primigcnhU)  (rom  Kortliem 
I        I  Asia,  with  K»kim'>  ear\iii|,'8.' 

ISSdG.  Tiuk  of  ninuiDoth.    Ahwka.    J.  G.  Swan. 

IJ04I.  Comb.     Miwir  from  th»  ivory  of  foiuil  elephant.     Saint  Michael's, 
AliMku.     W.  H.  Uiill. 


J 

1 

II  Ivory. 

Joseph  Shoid- 

iMUtnwUng 


K>ri<»  of  ahongiual  carvings  (him  lunmuiuth  ivory  is  diaphiycU  ia 
dirinlou. 


198     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  PISIIEBIES  OF  UNITED  STXTES. 

Ivory  ol'  BuaiuEiial^. 

TcoUi  of  pecwii-y  (Dic^iyha  sp.V^ 

Ivorj'  of  narwhal  (Monodon  vwnoceros),  ased  for  cones. 

.  Ttuks  of  iiiLTwh.it.     Grp^Tilatnl.     V.  S.  Fish  Conimisaion. 

I'Xi'il.  CaiK'  iitaUc  iVfini  tniilt  ul'  iiarwhul.     £»kiaiu«i  of  Nonli  Ol 
I\  T.  CuuuuugiTC. 


Teeth  of  spcnn-whnle  (PJii/sf^**/*  maerocephabtn)  and  their  applieaUt 
to  the  iuaimfa<rtiu-e  uf  balls,  buttons,  aud  truikots. 

a-ViKl.  Trrlh  of  aixTin-wbttle.  J.  II.  BurtU-tt  &  ftt»DS.  New  Ctl/nnl.  ! 
Vo7I0.  Ti-otU  of  ritw  wha]i».  Capt.  Jn«r!pli  Kinher.  I*rovirici>t<iM  d.  Mam 
25710.  Twitb  of  t4i»enti-wliaU\  AD*lreTT  Ktiunt'ily,  Pro ^niiPc town.  Maw 
"M'Mii-t*.  Tc-t'tb  ofHiiinn-wbalts  iwliaheJ.  J,  II,  UiurU,  »wi»ort,  E.  I. 
y670U.  T«e(h  of  the  low  wbalu  (dcriiiuiljawwl).    Copt.  Joseph  Jf'isber,  I' 

7428.  Tooth  of  sitcrm- whale.     Scrim ahn it cd  with  Driti»b  eoat  of  t 

»ud  frtuule  l)>;iiro.     J,  Vaixlcti. 
24U05.  Tooth  of  Aporni-whale.    S(.*riiiu<haw4«(l  anil  iuoitut«d  m  wtttch 

flgnrc  of  American  ragli*.     J.  11.  Clark,  ?i('W|»ort,  IE.  I, 
i!49a4.  Tuotli  of  siH*rui-uliul«.     Sc^imHha^^L•tl  with  Qgtars  of  cruciflx 

Jhtwera.     J.  H.  Cliirk,  N«w|»ort,  it.  I. 

24901.  Tooth  iif  HiM'rm-wUalr.     Scrimitliawcd  with  flgure  of  vrluUiDg< 
J.  H.  Clark,  Newport,  R.  I. 

24902.  Ttxith  tif  »|tonu-whalo.  .S<-riiiiftha\r(<d  with  fijj;Tir«*  of  Axntrrira 
colora.    J.  U.  Clurk,  Non-itort,  II,  I. 

24903.  T<xith  of  sprnii-whulc,    SrriiufJiuwcd  with  Hgurv  uf  pri  dat 
J.  H.  Clark,  Newport,  R,  I. 

7659.  Ttmth  of  sperui-n-hale,     HcrimabAwod  with  this  kfrobd:  **T«k»ii 
by  •  tb«  >  tdiip  •  MoiitnMl  •  of  •  Loudon  •  in  •  tbn  •  I'jwifk 
Om'uu   •  from  •  a  •  ouo  *  hnuiUvd  •  hurrel  •  wUalo  ■, 
ie3f>  .."    Mm.  Dove,  Washington,  I).  C,  Isi-J. 

24688.  Touth  uf  spcnu- whale.  SiTtniab'twed  with  ltg;iirr  nf  Ofinml  Wl 
ingtou  and  Ameiican  ca};1c,  Geo.  Y.  Nickrtvon,  Kow  B«diti 
Mass. 

24880.  T*w»th  of  djwnu-whaht.    Sc'rinwhawwl  wfth  ftRnw  of  Gtmcral 
and  Ameriean  oa^l*«,     Oen.  Y.  Nirkrrxnn,  Ni'W  HnitfAnl,  Mini 
7G(iO.  Tooth  of  Hprmi-w  hale,     f^rrimahawed   with  tigutv  of  iia;*ddB.    fffi 
I'lii'Hlrt  Octrun.       United    Btates  Exploring   Expi^ditiun.      Hapu 
C'harlea  Witkcs,  U.  a  >', 

25792.  Tooth  of  nperm-wbaltt  (acriuuibawed)    Malcohu  Mcrodyn,  Gl 
t«r,  Mom. 

24830.  Bullii  turned  iVom  tcotU  of  eperro-wluilo.   Jn*w>ph  $hnnllov,  jTow  Yi 


Jncisom  of  beaver  {Castor  canadcnsU)  used  by  ludiaus  for 
kuiveSf  aud  ornaiueutH. 


AKIHAL  RESOITRCK8  AND  FISaEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      199 


rory  orrepliSc^. 

Te«'tli  of  aliig^ator  used  for  jcweliy,  wbistles,  cane-handles,  buttons, 

flCtOOt.  Jewelry  mannfacttircd  trnm  teotli  of  nUigntOT  (JIUifaior  mUtittipica- 
rfd).    E.  F.  Oilbert,  JarksonvilU*,  Flfi. 
AnoxtniKi%-e  trnrte  in  alligator  tooth  liiw  sprung  np  ^thin  Iho  htni  ion 
yrttTK     Ten  i'ti(»t))iHUtui'ntt4  in  Hadtcrii  Florida  aru  engaged  in  ihoir  mnn- 
n£>vttitt<  itilo  fancy  artick'd. 

SbarkA*  teeth  nse<l  in  nrrainpf  weapons.' 
Tcetik  of  sharks  and  otiier  fish  iiscd  as  trinkets.* 
Jaws  of  the  sleepcr-sUurk  {tSomniosus  bretipinna)  u.sed  for  head- 
drv-HM-t)  by  ludiaiid. 


Corunot  of  ttbark's  toetb. 


Gulf  of  Saint  JUkwrenoo.    G.  U,  XEeafrew 


■»Dr  or  mammal)!. 


»  Oh  p*'nifl  of  raccoon,  lused  as  cbami. 
&4?0.  **0a  mtrabilia'*  of  wulnio.    Alaska. 


Gen.  Geo.  IL  Thomas,  U.  S.  A. 


Bone&  of  bear  and  other  large  mammals,  used  by  Indians  for  im- 
pltfmeutH  and  as  tablets  tor  paintings,* 

»neji  of  biilT:tl<»  :iiid  of  tlx^  dimu'stie  niminantn,  uhciI  hk  niibstitate 
for  ivory  in  the  muiiuliictni'e  of  buttons,  handles,  (joinbs,  &u. 


Jofluph  Sbardlow,  Xew  York, 


M85a.  Boao  puwiol-handlo. 

<Ui^>4.  lUmo  jtarujutl-bundle. 

24HKI.  Ik.iifiidiiv^nl-hiuidlc.  "  " 

"HdCtM.  lUmr  conii(«<rH.    Jtwpli  Slianllow,  Ni?w  York. 

«4H50.  Bone  oribbagopiua.       "  " 

UlWtl.  Bonedicv.  **  '* 

S^IW:M-6-6-7-*i  Ilonc  bnish-hnndU'S.     Joecpli  Shardlo^f•,  New  York, 
Sli^4:2.  BuDD  lUArtiugfilo-riuge.  **  '* 

ttl*Ct7.   IluiH'  n.ipkin-ringB.  "  *' 

Sl83^-4-5-G.  Bono  parajwl-handlc.  **  *' 

t0ai3L  iWjw.    ^ladp  of  bono.     Grrcnlnnd  Ettkimos.     Geo.  T.  Kickor«OD. 
1"  Modi!  nf  lM)no.     Ktkunn.     King  Williiun'rt  l^nd. 

* -^  •    nmrlui'Mpiki'.      MmU*  at  kou  by  Tboiu;is  Frt^iuon.     Vtcd  tot 

■pUciug  truwI-liiuH.     8uufonl  Frciiuaa^  Nonricliitort^  Maas. 

Spcrm-vrhalu  jaw-bone,  used  ff>r  liamess-rings,  mnrting:do8,  &c. 

SWXM-WI-T-^D-'lO.  rara.w]-)wtnd1cA  mode  from  sponii-wlialo's  jaw.    HoT- 
rcy  iL  Ford,  riiilaiU-lpbia. 


'Dib|«bifed  in  Ktlmulogicol  division. 


200     ANIMAL  RE80UHCE8  AND  FI8HEBIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Bone  or  iiiaininals. 

Si}orm-wbalo Jaw-bone,  used  for  borncssrings,  martingalcay  &c 

20241.  Papftr-cutt«rn,  mode  ftnm  ttpenn-vbiUe'H  jaw.     Ilanrejr  de>  Fazd, 

ndelpbin. 
S4909.  Cliopi>itig-kuii'o.    Mtulo  rrom  jaw  of  flpcrm-wliule.     Pro£.  H.  P.  Bail 
3570L.  guil-thimbto.     Madu  from  boutf  of  whole.    J.  W.  Poafer,  Dnvvrij 

Mors. 
20793.  Se(un-riil»ber.     Vmt\  by  suil-tiiukf^rs  to  rub  along  twains.     Ma<)« 

Jaw-bouo  (if  H|>orTn-wh»lo.     Fniiik  Wf8ti'rl»cr;;cr,  li»'vrrly,  MoHi. 
25630.  Sail-niaket's  liond-Ud.     Made  at  aca  from  jaw-booe  of  ir|>cna-W] 

A.  R.  Crittendcu,  MiddJotown,  Conn. 
35055.  Saw-fnioie.     MiidtMil  M>a  from  I»oue>  of  Hptmu-wliale.    J.  EI.  Bart  1 

&.  StniHf  New  BtHlfordf  Mjuw. 
25801.  Piilloy.    Madu  fixtm  jaw^bono  of  spnrm-whale,    £.  II,  Cook,  Provti 

town,  Uau. 
05049.  Pulloy-blovk.     Madii  at  soa  from  jaw-bone  of  BptTm-wbale,     A. 

Crittt-iidvu,  Mid<llntowti,  Couti. 
9S713.  S«ini*-nci*dIo.     Madn  frumjaw-bouo  of  S|>ena-whAl».    N.  H. 

WulUloot,  Mobs. 

TTom-corea  of  mininants,  used  in  mannfactnro  of  Rsaayors' 

Bone  or  birds. 

I3ones  of  birtls,  U8C<1  by  Indians  and  Eskimos  in  inakin|^  ai 
needles,  flutes,  bird-calls,  and  dress-trimmings. 

10333.  Gainblinf^-titieks.    Mado  frombouesof  wliit(*cniDO.    Mqjavo  iitdii 
l>r.  E.  Palmer. 


Bone  offl^hes. 

Fish-bones,  used  by  Indians  and  Eskimos  in  making  imp)eni<3UtA.* 
Bono  of  sword-lish. 

35C75.  ShoemakerV  tool.    Mado  from  sword  of  awonl-tlali  {Siphimu  ylcdi 
Sanford  Frveoiiin,  N'orwirb[Mirt,  Man. 

Sharks'  vcrtebnc,  nscd  for  canes. 

Hi'astc  bone  and  ivorj-. 

Use  in  manufacturo  of  bone-black,  ivorybla^rk.  and  l^uk-n<4«, 

(seo  under  29). 
TTse  in  manufacture  of  sizes  ami  ^bu's  (hcc  urKh-r  21). 
V&e  in  manufacture  of  ;»elatine  for  foot!  (sctr  under  4). 
Use  in  manufiu:tnrc  of  pbosphoms,  carbonate  of  ainmoaia  (1 

horn),  and  sn\  ammoniac  (see  under  'M). 
TJso  in  mauufactui-e  of  Ixme-eharcoal  for  liltcrs  (see  nndor  30), 
TJso  in  manufiictun?  of  pajier. 
Use  of  shavings  in  case-hardcuM  ■  ■•■f  '•  -i ly  aud  otlior  flue  r^i 


ASDUL  BESOUfiCES  AKD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      201 

Wsftte  bone  and  Uory. 

10.  nOHN. 

ng  tbo  Turictics  of  lioni  known  to  commcrco,  the  split 
i  prcjsaed  lioniN,  ami  tlte  vuiious  manufactured  articles,  sucti 
jtiwiilry^  combs,  and  handles.) 

Jlom  (employed  as  a  material). 

Horns  of  ox,  sheep,  aud  ^at,  used  for  handles,  bnrtoms,  combs, 
IKiwdortluskK,  ciipH,  br>\e.s  Htinups,  spoon.s,  and  iuiitations  of 
tortni.se-slu'll,  also  ^'Kensilixo  Ohint'se  leiivt's,"  and  fonuerly  for 
trantfp;irent  ph»tt^8  in  lantf  nia  and  horu-houka,  for  trumpets,  and 
for  Hnger-nailft  in  lay  fi^^iircs. 

2riL>77.  ruwV  liorns.    PluU[i  11,  Woodford,  Boeton,  Maas. 
«5'i74.  HtoerV  lion>».  "  " 

aa:n«,  Hull's  bumA.  **  " 

Horn  Otf  buffalo,  used  like  that  of  ox. 

5tS(978.  nurtiB  (if  IxiO'alo  bull.    PliiUp  R.  Woo«lfonl,  Doston,  Mass. 
25300.  HorUR  of  buflalo  calf.  "  " 

9SV79.  lloniii  of  bnflhio  cow.  *'  " 

6189.  Spoon  of  Imffulo  bom.    Ajnioaboizi  Indians.    Fort  Boford,  Dakota. 

Dr.  J.  F.  Kinibnll.  U.  8.  A. 
11090.  6[MM>n  of  biifijilo  bum.     Yellowstone  Vulley,  Dakota.     Lientonant 

Cuidck. 

Horn  of  mujAk  ox  {Ovibott  matcfiatun), 

lJ«e.  Arrtic  rrglniis.    Cftpt.  C.  F.  HaU. 

ItCfC).  ^iMKin  moib)  from  liornni  uf  miiAk  ox.     Iglonlik.     Capt.  C.  F.  Hal). 

^aeff^  Ox  bontft.    PblJlp  R.  Wooilfonl,  Boston,  Mam. 

Son'ea  of  article*  aiaaufactaxcd  from  bom.    Geo.  F.  Lincoln,  Leo- 

niiiiHter,  Mums.  : 

S0fiO7.  Honi  aa  it  comus  from  the  press,  cntoat  preparatory  to  making  comb»-< 

a950H.  CoinbH.    Cut. 

'IXtOO.  ruflnUlM^a  combs. 

'JlfMO.  lloni  cut  Into  smivll  pieces  for  uso  in  manafactTir«  of  Jewelry. 

*jnr»71.  FtniAhtNl  comb. 

2iK4H,  Pullnhnit  Jownlry  (nncolored), 

Horn  of  mountain  Hhcep  and  mountain  )?0))t,  used  by  Aleutians  in 
making  ss>ooud,  bowls,  aud  numerous  other  imi)lcments. 

IGd^,  Honm  nf  nionntain  gnat  {Mtuama  mon(ana).     Used  by  KskLnio  for 

maUtng  lioni  n]uhii)h.     AlaMkii.    W.  H.  Dull. 
900S3-I.  Hp<NMi  Tttiutu  frt'iii  burn  <>f  niaiiutnin  goat.    Delia  Dclbi  ludbms. 

J.  (i.  Kwait. 
^JJS.  Spoon  ma<lu  frutn  bom  of  moontulu  gout.   Aloiika.   A.  IL  Ilofl^  C  S.  A* 


202      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  6TATE& 
Iloru  (employed  as  n  material). 

Horiis  of  Rocky  Mountain  sheop  (Oru  montana). 

704.  S^iooii  nindo  from  bom  of  Rocky  MoaDtoiu  ebccp.     Xortbwnt 

BOSti.  Spoon  luiulo  frniu  horn  of  Rocky  MotmtAiu  ihet^p.     Xoidfib  la( 
Priucp  uf  Wulet)  Ulaufl,  Alaska,     J.  O.  Swuii. 

14456.  B]M)on  maUo  froiit  lioru  of  liooky  Mtmatalu  tihevp.     Pi-Ctv 
Miy.  J.  W,  PoweU. 

Antflerfl. 

Antlfirs  of  clecr,  elk,  anil  mtvoso  (stji^born),  iiswl  iu  tlie  xnauiu&cti 
of  Jiaudics  for  iustidiuents,  triiikots,  and  buttoiia. 

Sti2-29-2^K)0,  Carving  fVom  horu  of  doer  {Cariacu$  rirpfjtwunu).     Rnrvv/ 

Forrl,  Philttilrlphia. 
21312.  Spoon  carved  fron  antler  of  eik  (  Cervut  canadcRMia).     Iloopali 

CuliforuiA.     8.  Powers. 

Antlp.ra  of  dopr,  elk,  nioosp,  aiul  7if*arly  all  tii>e<;it»ft  of  riiiiiiiKUjI 
employed  for  onmmcntal  i>ur[KKSes,  (A  series  of  tbi-'i<e  aiitl<>r> 
used  in  the  dccoratlou  of  tbe  columns  iu  thoGoverumeut  buildtiii 

Chemical  and  other  appliralions. 

Burnt  linrn  {cornu  ustnm)  ii8od  in  do]itit>ic«8. 
Carbonate  of  ammouia  (iiartBhom),  manufactured  from  deer  hi 
(Sec  under  ^O.J 

11,  Hoofs  and  olatts,  &c. 

(Kntbracing  the  commercial  hoof,  and  the  rarioos  stagee  of 
facturu  represented  by  speeimens,) 

Hooft* 

Hoofs  of  ox  and  bieon,  used  in  making  buttons,  combs,  and  haadli 

2G90L  Comniorcial  boof.     Philip  R.  ^Voodford.  Boston.  Mium. 
Scncs  of  articleii  mode  ft-om  boot     Uco.  1-'.  Uuoulii, 
Muss. : 
SOTilG.  DiiAt  ma^lA  from  the  boot 
39517.  BuU  hackle. 
59&18.  Murtiiigulu  rings, 
20:.li».  Bn-Astpiu. 
'2i):/M),  CroM  for  nock  woor. 
HXyUl.  Brcoatptu. 

rfs  of  horse,  used  like  those  of  ox  and  bifton, 
Hoo&  of  musk  ox,  deer,  and  autclope,  used  by  Indians  in  fli 
tation. 

744>t.  Hoofa  of  rausk  *»x.     fu-d  for  trinimiug  of  guimeat*  by 

Uookenzie'ii  Rivur.    U.  MooFarlone. 

of  doer,  U5e4l  for  kuifc-hondlea,  i^ool-fect,  &c. 


AXniAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      203 

Clawt^  or  heax^  pumn^  volf,  &c.,  nscd  by  Indlnns  in  ornamentatioiL 

(Q4SQ  Ethnolof^ical  scries.) 
Baman  nails,  used  by  Indians  for  ornamoutal  trimuilug. 

krmieal  application  of  hoof^  nnd  claws. 

ITiie  in  iiiuimf;i<!tun^  of  pnissiat«>  of  iKttiwli  (see  under  30), 
lT»e  in  uuLuitfuctiiro  of  gluo  [mm  under  24}. 

12.  Bajleex. 
lualrt>ouc  in  an  laniuaDauf^ctnrefl  stale. 

14013.  Bulf^n  of  Immphaf^k  whale  {Mfi/aptera  FfrtahiliM).    Coast  of  CAlifor- 

nia,  1?73.    O.  M.  Scftiumon. 
12311.  Bone  of  liunipbftck  wUuIu  (ifr^op'rra  t<T$abiU»).    Coaat  of  California. 

C  M.  ^('Jiiitiunu. 

13603.  Uttlcrn  of  litiuipbark  wliole  (^effapttra  rrrxiMfw).    Montorey,  Cal. 

IH73.     C.  M.  t^aininon. 
1301V.  BalwD  of  liiimi>1>ack  wtialo  (Meyaptera  wrBobUU),    Uouterey,  Cal. 

1872.    C.  M.  Soamtuou. 
1SU3.  Baloea  of  liutupWiK^k  wUale  (ifrj7ap<rpa  venohitia)*    Ban  Luis,  Cal. 

C.  M.  Svuiuinnii. 
t30W.  Bolwn  of  buiupbuck  ivlmlo  {Mcffaptera  MrtahllU).    Sou  Lulu,  CoL 

C  M.  Seoul  inoii. 
ISMo.  Balecu  of  aulphur-huttom  whale  {l^lbaldiiu  iulfttmu),    Monterey, 

CaL     C.  M.  Sraraiiiiin. 
IStM.  Baltwn  of  BiiJpbur-tKittom  whale  (SthbaJtUu*  Mulfurcf*).    )Ioat«rey, 

Col.    C.  M.  Si-ammon. 
ISOOS.  BoiiooflbeCulifuniiagray  vhalc(iifAd«Maii«etr*jpfaiicii«).    Monterey, 

Cal.     IHTIl     C  M.  ScaDiinon. 
1&4(M.  BaliHfii.    Xofib  Pnrillr.     Copt.  K<<nilrmnn. 
7I!M.  Whalvbone.     Auilonuu  Kiver  KHkiiuoa.     AlackonKio^s  IUtct  district. 

H.  MovFurluDu. 
1106.  Whali*lN)iic.     rrcpuHHl  hy  Auttereou  River  Kakimoo.     Mackonzie's 

Ifivur  district.     It.  MurFiirlauo. 
1110.  Whalebone.    Anderson  Uivur  Ktikiuiott.    Hackenzio*s  River  district, 

R.  MarFurlaiHi. 
9079.  Whal«ib(juu.    Ari^ric  cotuit.     R.  MaoFarluno. 
SK07G.  Whalcbouo  dbcr.    Curled  for  bed-tttufliug.     J.  A.  Sevoy,  Boston, 

Mam. 
9M99D.  Whalflbone.    Prepared  for  wbip-makoni'  use.    J.  A.  Bovoy,  Boston, 

Mms. 
WaaSL  Wlkip  with  whalcbono  stock,  knott«<1,  lulald  trith  whalt-tooth's 

lvor>-.  litindio  wound  with  thin  whalubouc    Aincricon  Whip  Co., 

WeHlUi'ld,  Mass. 
&IK(K  Drea»-bM]i<«.      WbulolKino  prcpaiod  fbr  droM-makvn'  oKti.      J.  A 

Sovey,  Bodtou,  Muss. 
SIMC  Wlialrbuiin.     rmporcd    for  sospendor'niakcjA'  use.    J.  A.  Sovtiy, 

Bottoii,  .Moiw. 
JUMTi.  WKaltlMme.    I^rcpared  for  boDQOt-niakors*  ose.    J.  A.  Bvny,  Bot- 

IrMi,  Mau. 
iMl.  Wbuliibono.     Trrpared  for  mubro11a*makcrs'  use.    J.  A.  Berey,  Boo- 

ton.  Mom. 


204     ANIUAL  SESOUBCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UKITED  STATES,. 

Wluilebonc  in  an  unninnufiicturcd  state. 

24940.  Whalefiaue.    Prepared  for  piiniaol-makeitf  um.    J.  A. 

ton,  Mods. 
249&1.  Grow  dreoft-bone.    Whalebone  prepared  for  dreas-inAk4 

A.  Sevcy,  Boston,  Klanu 
S494d.  Wbito  dix'^m-bonu.     WhttlelioDO  (wlut«)  preparrd  for  At 

iwe.    J,  A.  S«vpy,  Koitton,  Moas. 

24976.  'Whaleboue.    l*repared  for  brush-makers'  use.    J.  A.  Bmrt^f^ 

S4943.  "Wlinlebnne.     Prcpart'il    for  rililKm-wravpre'  lue,  ** 

24'J'i:t.  \VhalcI>nnp.     Pri'iiuTi'tl  for  hnt-nmkent'  iiivc.  ** 

24944,  WhaJi'])one.     TrttpaTcd  for  f'A|>-mnki_*rA' uw*,  ** 

24947.  Wlittlcbouc.     Propnred  for  m<ck-8to<>k-nittkor9'  use.     " 
B49J'ij.  Whttk'lHino.     Pn^purc'd  lor  corsot-iunker*' u«?.  ** 

24949.  Riiiind  drcHs-iMinr.     WliahdHii^o  prepHitnl  for  drt«d-tnak( 
A.  Sovpy,  Ilostonf  Man. 

24977.  Whalebone  libor.    J.  A.  Scvpy,  Boston,  Maas. 
24938.  Whalobouo  cane.     Dlnck  and  white,  twUt««l.     J.  A.  Sevej'J 


2497:i.  Wlialobone  l>oot-8hanks. 
249»>r.  Whiihdwno  tonpio-M*Tn)H)rs. 
249G().  Whalebono  probang. 
24935.  Whali-diunc   riding-whip,    mndo 
twiat^Hl.     J.  A.  St'Vfy,  Uostoti, 


of  block 

IklnM. 


and 


249tVl.  WlittUbono  ridlng-wbip.    J.  A.  fikfvcy,  Boston,  Mass. 

249:J7.  WUiiIubono  cane.     Plain.  "  »' 

249:^0,  WhulolHmocan(\     Twisted.  "  " 

24972.  Whaloliouo  gruiniug-comb.     Used  by  poiuters.     J.  A.  S«i 


24905.  Whalebone  probang. 

241W).  AVhalobone  L-atLTi>iniU--brusb.  •' 

24981.  Whali'bnnnabAviDgn.  ** 

249iU.  Whalclwuc  hack-uiipporler.  " 

241»79.  Whnltibono  Iliio-bnish.  *« 

24975.   Whalebone  fiber  sboo-bnish.  ** 

249*!.  WhaK-b<»ue.     Eainplc.  •• 

349^9.  AVbalebouediviuiiig-rod.  '• 

24958.  Whalebone augliiignMl  tip  " 

M9&6,  Whalebone  rosettes  for  haracaa.  " 

94902.  Whalebone  binding-net  rod.  ^« 

S49a4.  WlialelMine  liip  busk  bono.  " 

94964.  Whalebone.     l'rirc-li«(  sample*.  ** 
S407O.  Whalebone  i>euhuldur.     Black  and  white,  twSvtod.     *' 

249J3I.  ^^nmlehouc  busk.  »• 

249^.  Whalebone  for(<-arui  bonM.    ArtificioL  ** 

S49GB,  Whalelwne  plaii-raiscr.  ** 

249!®.  ■\\1iulelKino  iwidiolder.  ** 
24905.  M.'tnufactured  corset,  showing  uoo  of  whalebonvi.        ** 

2495;).  WhaltilK>n»  coniot-clas£M.  ** 

249tai.  Whalebone  driU-bow.  « 

249r>7.  Wbalelraao  biUiard-onahion  >ptlngs.  ** 

24971.  Whulcbono  pnper-cnitcr.  ** 
84905.  Wholebooo  rule. 


AXXUXL  RI^OUBCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     205 

ilebone  in  an  unnianiiOicturcd  Mate. 

S49S0.  Wltoleliona  and  rattAii  vhip-atalk.    Finiiihc<1,  ready  for  covmng. 

Amorir&n  Whip  Company,  W^^stfield,  Ma«8. 
^Iittlclmoe.      As  prepared  for  nvo  iu   the  whip.     AiODrican  Whip 

Cottipany,  Wp«tfip]d,  Mass. 
Whalebone  and  r.ittan.    Fitted  ready  for  aticltini^  togoth<M  forwhip- 

stoUc    Ajucrican  Whip  Cmnpiiny,  WestAeld,  Mom. 
Wlial««lK>ni\     In  rough  atati*,    n»    ftold    to  vhlp    manaAictiirerB. 

Amrricait  Whip  Company,  Wcsttlchl,  Mum. 
Whalebone.     Prtpon^d  for  whip-iuukem'  u»c  (patoul).     J.  A.  Sov»>y, 

Bontoit,  Maas. 

13.  TonTOIBE-SHELL. 

iJHC*flhrll  {ErctmorhrJyH  sqnamata  Jjum,), 

13997-8-0-00.  Tnrto'itiO'f.hcW  (F.rftmochelt/t  9quamaUtt,\nn.),    Pacific  hawk's- 
hiU  tunlft.     Pacific  cuoaL 
Conimtrclal  tortoioe^belL     George  Y.  Nickorson,  Now  Bedford,  lilass. 

II,  Tortoise-sLoll  jewelry,  &c.    Cbarles  "VV.  Kennard  &  Co., 
Boh  ton,  Mass.: 

Comb  cut  and  jioliflhed. 
Comb  rut  biifonr  jHdinliing. 
Brooch  and  ear-riogfl, 
Steeve-bnttons. 
Kcckhico  ttud  lockot. 

14.  Scales. 

or  fiAheA  nflcd  in  ornunicutal  work,  with  Bpecimcns  of  flowers 
uUicr  articles  uianufactui'cd. 

Fixb-sojile  jewelry.    F.  0.  Koergaard  &  Co.,  Philmlel- 
jdiiii,  Pa.: 

Scales  of  thecpfihoad  (Archo»arffu$  prohatoccphalut), 
doalesof  aheeimhoad  (AixhmarjfM  probatoeepMslMt).    Prepared  fur  uso. 
BnxKih  and  ear-rings.         '*  " 

Spray  of  flowera.  "  " 

Spray  of  flowtTS.  "  " 

BiiTtt.v  of  flimora.  "  " 

Bpniy  of  flowera.  '*  " 

Spray  of  dowcra  (dyod).    "  ** 

Neckbu'e  and  cross.  "  " 

Brooch  and  cur-ringn.         "  ** 

Brooch  and  cor-rin^fl  (dyed)  (Arehotargu*  prthatonplu^iu). 
J«welry  uiado  from  oeiUea  of  mullot,  drwru,  &c.    Mra.  C.  E.  Mott, 
Jacksonville^  Fla. 

(Pearl  white,  or  c«Henc€  d^Orient,  prepared  from  scales  of  AUmmuM 
lucHui  and  otlicr  Cyprinidw  aud  ClupcidWj  used  iu  making  artifi- 
peArls.)    (See  under  27.) 

QBCL  Earaco  d'Orieot.     (Introduced  fbrcDtnpariaon.)    Ouatavc  DouangOf 

Pari*. 


206     animal  resources  and  fisheries  of  united  8tateh. 

15.  Pearl, 


Pearls  nnd  nacre  (embracing  tbc  pearl-yieldio^  aIicIIa,  with 
pt'iirls  auO  tde  iiiother-o'-i»oarl  lu  the  roui;rh  state,  with  the  Hiarnifa 
turetl  Imttou-s,  haiuUes,  ami  jewelry,  peaii  |K>wder,  uilaUl  work, 
papicr-uiat'he.  oniafawitcd  with  inother-u'-pearl. 

Top-shellti  {Turbinidtv),  uud  Uieir  appUcatiou  to  luauuf^wturv 

shell-Uowers.' 
Towcr-aliells  {Trochidtc).^ 
Ear-shells  {ITaUotida),  used  in  nmnnfacture  of  buttons,  bandl 

inlaid  work,  and  peurl  powder.^ 
Other  gaselrrtiwds  supplying  nacre.* 
PearI-oy8t<'r.s  {AricftliiUrjj  with  jwarlH  anil  njierv,' 
Hiver-nniss(?l.s  { (J^nhinidtv)^  with  pciirls  and  narre,' 
Mussels,  oysters,  and  other  conehifers  supplying  pearlH  and  m 
Shells  of  nautihis  and  argronaut,  prepared  to  exhibit  their  naereJ 
Ornamental  pearlwork,  imitating  sprays  of  tlowera,  &c-' 
Imitation  pearls.* 


10.  SncLL. 


Cameo  shcQI. 


Shell  of  couch  {Strombua  ffiff<u)y  and  carvings.' 
Shell  of  hehnet  (Ca9HiH  ru/a^  C  /w^hmki,  and  C.  madarfi 
with  uarvings.' 

Shellfl  U9ted  tfbr  BnipBementff,  &cJ 

Shells  of  t^ftrombitHy  Iriton,  Jfolium^  FuMtm,  Afurer,  and  ifi 
used  for  fog-horns,  lamps,  va^ses,  and  onmmi'ntul  liorderrt  iu  tloi 
ganlens,' 

Shells  of  Bh»j/co}i^  Sycohjpuji^  Mactrn^  iVr.,  ustMl  by  indinns  in  ma 
factnrc  of  implements,  with  siwcimens  of  implements' 

Shells  of  MactrOy  used  for  huUes,  scoops,  and  spoonti  by  ri2«h<Tnii 

Shells  of  Tridacuaj  usetl  for  viises,  fountains,  and  in  tb<^  mannl 
tore  of  handles  and  carvings.* 

Shells  of  Pccten^  Ualiotis^  VentaUtim,  Mcrocnaruij  &C.,  aacd  by 
dians  for  trimmings  and  4>rnameut-!«.' 

Shells  of  Pectenj  used  in  making  pin-cnsltiuuK  ami  purae^.' 

Shells  of  Mrrcenaria  rUdacra^  Purpura  InpiUun^  and  BucdMrnm 
tnm^  use«l  by  In<linns  of  eanteni  eoHHt  in  manirfaetnre  of 
^vith  8X>ceimen8  of  wampum  (with  the  mixlem  wampam  or 
beads,  mannfiictni'ed  for  the  Indian  trade),  and  of  i* 
DcntaHum  (ihells,  cwi>loyed  in  a  Niinilar  irninncr  by  *  i 

the  Pacific  coast.* 

Specimens  of  the  cowry  (Ci/pratn  »io(irr./j,  "nvr  ti»\vrj     .intl  il 
cowry,  used  in  African  trade  and  for  trimmings.* 


I 


iXDUL  BEBOUnCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      207 

rll*t  nncd  fl'or  itiiplomcnlSf  &c» 

81k*U0  of  Cxfpraea^  JioteUa^  0/ira,  TurritcUa^  PhaHianella  (Venetian 

•^i  VI'.,  inourilCMl  as  buttons  ami  Jfwolry.' 

C<'    .         "\i  Mi»'ll  work  for  box-cowrti  un*l  frames,  made  by  gbiing 

tlkdU  in  mo«aic' 
Calcined  KbellM,  UKed  by  dentifrice  and  i>orceluin  niakerH.'    (See,  niHO, 

under  :52.) 

ICuttlv-tifdi  bone  from  Sepia  officinalis,  uso<l  as  a  pounce,  as  a  denti- 
Aice,  A8  polishing  ii4>wd«n's,  for  tukiu|jr  (iuc  iuippcsKiouH  in  couiitex- 
feitingT  and  \\s  foml  for  biitls.^     (Sec,  also,  under  1)  5.) 
Concretions  fn>m  the  stomneli  of  AnUxmH,  known  as  "crab's-eycs" 
and  "'erab-stoneV*  and  used  »m  initarids.* 
&bc>Jl  of  khig-erub  {fJmulujt poli/phcmuH)^  used  as  a  boat-bailex.' 
OlYcreula  of  mollusks,  usefl  as  '^eye-t>tancs.^^ 
17.  COBAl-. 

oral  an  a  nsaicrial. 


■^ 


coral  {Corallium  iwhiliit)^  with  8t)ecimeaB  of  the  five  commercial 
^rwdcK  (1,  froth  of  bloo<l;  2^  (lower  of  blood ;  3,  4, 5,  bloo<l  of  first, 
(•ecoTifl.  »n<l  third  f|tiaHties)  of  the  white  variety,  :nul  of  the  round 

fcl^ea^lit,  twtjligd'  beads,  bracelets,  pins»  eoronett*,  luinlets,  eai'-rings, 
1  '],  OcuUnOj  sp^  used  by  Jewelers.* 

I  N  and  other  nhowy  eonds,  iikhI  for  ornamental  juirjHtHes.' 

Ilomy  axis  of  bhu*k  flexible  ooral  {Plcxaura  crasna)^  used  for  canes 

I     and  whijis  in  the  Ifermudas.' 
AxiA  of  f;ia  eond  { Iitiipid<njorf/ia),  used  for  skimmers  and  straineis 
ill  the  BermurbtH.* 
ComI,  ujwhI  for  bwildinji:  pnrjmw'a.* 
Cond  nuk  of  reei'iit  fonnutiou  (Coquina),  used  in  Florida  in  manu- 
l^ctUTf.'  of  onjanientiil  vases  aud  earvinjjs.' 
Calcined  coral,  iUM»d  fur  deutifrie4?,s,  as  on  antacid,  &c.' 
Imitations  of  red  coral  in  celluloid,  rubber,  and  other  substances.' 
18,  iNFUSOUtAI.  EAETnS. 

F«liiihlB|r  powdrra  (nsed  for  polisliing  metals,  cabinet-ware,  and 

Specimen.**  of  )>o]lfshing  slate^  tripoli,  and  other  foiHiigu  polislung 

powder.* 
^]'  of  Anx^ricmn  infusorial  deiiosita.' 

Sec  imder  Part  11  of  thia  catalogue. 


208     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATEB. 

InAif^orinl  enrUiM  employed  in  nianulfhctare»« 

Iiifusoriul  eartli,  us^d  in  making  window  and  plate  glaes.^ 
Iiifusoruil  oarth,  used  in  making  soluble  ^jflaHS.* 
liilusoriul  earth,  ustHl  in  making  morUir.* 
InfuHorial  oarth,  nued  in  making  moldM  for  metal  casting.* 
Infusorial  eaitb,  used  in  making  filt4*r8.' 
Infusorial  earth,  used  in  making  dynamite.^ 
lufusorial  coi'tb,  used  iu  mnktog-  fire-p«x>f  packing.' 
Iniusorial  vai'th,  a^  an  absorl>eiit  for  tnls  and  liquida.^ 

10.  Other  materials  from  invertebrates. 

Trom  insects. 

Brazilian  »liamond-bcotlc5,  used  in  jewelry. 
AViugs  of  bcotk's,  used  iu  ombroidory. 

From  echanofi1eii-m9$« 

Spines  of  ccliinoids,  used  for  slate-crayons. 

Flerible  materidlM. 

20.  Leathers.    (Embracing  the  hides  in  a  rongh  state,  in  the  vari< 
stages  of  dressing,  and  manufactured  into  shoc-leathcr, 
mcnt,  velluni,  binders*  leather,  thongs,  &c 

Leather  prepared  fVom  mammal  Kkinn. 

Leather  prepared  from  human  skin. 

S6070.  Boot«  mailo  from  ildn  of  man.    H.  &  A.  ilahmnbols,  Kew  Tci^ 

Son-lion  le-ther,  used  by  Eskimos  to  cover  bidarkas,  and  for 
ments  and  beds. 

1137L  Leather  of  soa-Uon  {EumHopitu  titclleH).    Vtal  hy  Alwiiimn  lali 
far  Diaunfacture  of  eaDoc.    Alualca,     VhiCriit  Culyer. 

Walnia  leather,  uaeil  by  Kskimos  for  hnmesH,  tables,  thon^ 
nets,  and  for  covering  iH)liuhiug-wheels. 

15617.  Harpoon-line  of  wnlnis  Inatber.    AliLsko.     H.  W.  Elliott. 

Seal  leather,  used  for  fine  shoes  and  in  the  inannfactnr^  of  <*| 
leatlier,"  and  by  Eskimos  for  unmeroas  puri»oseH. 

lOIBG.  Seal-flkin  McaoliMl  l>y  hot  water.    Inuult  F^kinuMi.    Are4ic 
Cnpl,  C.  F.  Hall. 
1103.  Scal-fikiu  Icuthcr  tauued  by  Evkimos.     Mackenziw'a  lUwr  ilh 
R.  MocFarUiie. 
&476S,  Indian  moccasioa  mado  fttm  akin  of  »t^  (TAmb  rilWteal) 
Rcniirow  A.  Co.,  Qnobcc. 

*  8o«  nml«r  Fort  U  uf  thia  eatalognv. 


X  RB80UKCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  rrXITED  STATES.      209 


{Leather  prepared  IVom  mammal  skins. 

tHiiMn  Watljer  (and  buffalo  leiither,  buff-leather). 


8S6&1.  ImitalioD  btickhkio.     Mnnnfut'^turecl  fmm  Rkin  nf  Atncru-an  liiMn 

(y>woff  amm'canuv).     Wiliitx  Tuodery,  Elk  Connty,  Peuniiylvaui*. 
320CS.  Collar  leather.     Mnaufnrtnrcil  from  i^klu  of  AmerJcun  biHon  (Ui'icm 

amrrtcamMB).     W'lWox  Tannery,  Elk  f'uunty,  rcniisylvuuiu. 
'^iXA.  Snlt-  Inutlic-r.      Mouuliieturt'il  from  ukiu  of  American  bitwn   (Biwn 

iisHfrktitiu*).     Wilcox  Tftiiucry,  Elk  County,  Pt-nnsylvunia. 
!A9&X  Wtttuig  Irutliirr.  Munufuctiircil  fruni  Kkiii  nf  Amorir'na  binon  (.Kmm 

americauua).    Wiloox  Taimery,  Elk  County,  FenuBylrauia. 


ith  specimens  of  sole  IctttUer,  split  leather,   grain 
J.  ink'  thon;,'t>,  whips,  leather  belts  luul  saddles,  and  of 

rAlf-skinn,  prepared  for  binders'  and  bootmakers'  use,  as  Kossia 
lonther  and  velbim,  and  tawed,  as  parehment.* 

HhtH^p  l«ithor.  with  HiJei-imena  of  biudei*s'  IwitUer,  imitation  cbamoia 
leather,  ivanh  b»atber,  buff  leather,  roan,  iiiutalion  moroeco  and 
liarvhnieut,  with  vellum  made  from  ekins  of  deml-bt>ni  lambo, 
jumI  maimfuetured  Klovea,  &e,' 

osit  leather,  with  B|)eeimenB  of  Khag^rewi  leather,  morocco  leather, 

iM  MjifHl  for  hnin^H,  upholstery,  biudiugh,  and  pocket-lxxjks,  parch- 

rneut,  drum-headH,  &c.,  with  kid  leather,  iiMed  in  manufacture  of 

4>eHand  i:h>v<*M,  unilerclothin^,  and  vellum  made  Ixom  skin  of 

oung  kid.M,  also  skin  bottloa  used  in  Asia.' 

rionie  and  ass  leather,  n«ied  in  luaiutfocturo  of  shag^reeD,  sole  leather^. 
Iiaraes^lcather,  saddles,  trunks,  water  hose,  pump-valve^),  mili- 
tary occoulennentft,  hulies'  shoe-uppers.* 

0071.  Tannwl  ox^ftkln,  asod  for  solo  leather.    Cheyenne  Indioju,  Kanaaa. 
Dr.  0.  M.  Sternberg,  U.  S.  A. 


I.  HawbUI^  pmpared  for  belling.     Darrow  Manufacturing  Company. 
S9C*4C.  Cnil  of  ropo,     Bliule  from  ruwltitto.  " 

»&4H.  Basket.  "  *' 

88647.  IMI's  head.  *'  ** 

a8&45.  PovrtlM-lloskB.  "  " 

MvT  h'iithiT,  dre.HHrd  a-s  buff  leather,  chamois-imitation  leather, 
Indian  drcjssed  (buckskiu),  and  for  the  finer  moroccos,  also  mau- 
nfiictured  into  gloves,  gaiters,  undergarments,  polishers,  &c. 


flBQ7. 


Buctk-tauitril  nkiii  nf  mule  dcvr  {Carinau  mrtcrolis).     Indinnn. 
t<oatl)f<r  rroin'Mkiii  nf  ilui*r  {Cariacu*  matrotut).    Tanned  by  Caddo- 

Indians.     E.  Palinor. 
Bark-tJinnoddoer-flkin  (Cariarui  auMro(l«).     Apache  Indiana.     £. 
rabiiiT. 
laeU  Bank-tanned  skin  of  deer  (Ccriamt  m^erciia).    J.  W.  Powell. 

Ill,  -I-.-  r.f  '\:t.  cxttfwiri*  oxliniiti(»n  of  leathcni  in  the  Shoe  and  Leather  Boildlngr 
*^'                 'lu  boon  nuul<«  to  couiplotc  this  pari  of  the  coUectioo. 
iiflii.  ,N\  M.  Uo.  14 14 


210     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 

Lealbcr  prepared  iVoui  niamuiul  HkinM. 

Dcser  leather,  &c. 

097S.  Buok-tJUknefl  skin  of  dcor  {Cariaeu*  ttutcrotia).    Conuuieko  Ii 

E.  Palm«r. 
IICOG.  BuukAkin  {Ccriaru^  eotumbianiu),     Dnowd  hf  SJcOlnnd   Indii 

Sliiutt4»  County,  CuHfnruiit,     LivingHtim  SIodo. 
11G05.  Buckskin  {Cariaca*  cofnmbianu8).      Tsumv*\  Ity   McClood    Ieu 

8bu8lu  Coaiity,  Culit'oruia.    Liviiigstijii  Stouu. 
11604.  BuckHkin  {Cariacna  colvntbtantu).      Taitnecl   by    McCload    ludii 

Shaatu  Coniity,  Cnlifomio.     I^lviugHtou  Stonr. 
^40.  Buckskin  for  luoccaaiiiu.     Nubrusko.     Dr.  S.  M.  HorUm,  U.  S.  A. 
S63d&.  Skin  of  Virginia  4l«er  (Cariaau  pir^nictiut).     S<<iuiuo1o  liwtUtt* 

Flonilih.     G.  Brnwu  0<>oil«. 
34600.  Titnuod  skin  of  yuung  Vii'giuia  deer  {Cariaeu*  HryiNMUui*).    J. 

liuuUenoUf  Big  Couu,  Alik. 

MooAO  leather  in  ordinary  and  buckBlcin  tinish. 

S4761.  Mot^euMiiH  nuulo  from  hkln  of  inoo(»e  i^Jlcra  maJfhin),     Jlarao  II 

G.  R.  RcnfrtMT  Jk.  Co..  QticUoc. 
24787.  Rubbur-iioltt  tuoecanius  luuUe  A-oui  Esklii  of  nioo«r  (Uyoti).     0.  R. 

frew  &.  Co.,  Quebec. 
24782.  Indiau  toiX'rii.iinH  niftde  from  skhi  of  inomc.     Iroquois  tTibe.    i 

ReuCrow  &.  Co.,  Quclwc. 
!f4773.  Indian  bui.k-tuuned  Mktn  (if  moose  (Jtoi*  maicAlu).    IrfUnvdoc.    I 

Rcnfrt'w  &  Co.,  Qiu'liec. 
24786.  lailiiiii  ntoeruains  nunlr  fmm  skin  of  moo40.     "Lady**  Aul.^    i 

Ri'Dfrow  &.  Co.,  QuL']>w. 
838.  Smoke-tannmt  skin  of  moose  (Atcft  matekit),    SIato  (Lake?)  Ii 

R.  Kouuicott,  Furt  Liurd. 

Garibou  leather  in  ordinary  and  bnekskin  finish. 

24775.  Indian  luick'tnnuiMl  Hkin  of  caribou  (TonutftiM  riM^^rr).     Labr*^. 
G.  R.  Renfrew  dt  Co.^  Qm^bco. 

54783.  lodian  moccaiuofl  xnado  tnna  itkiti  of  vnribou.     *'  Uao*!!  aigm*^  V^.  k. 
Rcnfrvw  A.  Co.,  Qiioiiw. 

54784.  Indian  uioccaainfi  madt^  from  skin  of  caribon.     **WoaaMi^«  alaeu*   0^ 
R.  Ronfraw  &  Co.,  Qau1>«c. 

Keindeer  leather,* 

636.  Suoko-tanned  akin  of  bam>u-gronnd  caritKtu  ( Taramdma  wmm^^ftr,  i 
fipooies  j^fBxtowdfnM).    Maokonxic'*  Rivtir  distriol^     R.  Keani 

Elk  leather  in  ordinary  and  hucktikin  Bnish. 

8536.  £lk-akin  tannod  witli  stnoke.    NebraakA.    Dr.&lLIIcrton.  T'  n  A. 


Moantain-aheep  leather. 

^48.  Bnok-tannnd  ikin  of  mountain  sb«op  {(Mm  MMfOMi). 
r»r.  8.  M.  llorton,  TT.  8.  A. 


y«iii 


-JLHIHAL  UESOUnCES  AND  rrSIIEKIES  OP  ITNITEB  STATES.      211 


ithcr  prepared  IVom  niammal  skins. 

Seriei^  of  (UfiVrcnt  IciitUcrs  illustmting  tlio  inamifactnre  of  gloves; 

2S(2^  Raw  etciii  of  ''Mamnbain  Jack*'  deer {Cariacu*  Hp.)  from  S«>ntli  Aaicr- 

jco.     8.  0.  Hittcliinwm  &,  Co.,  Johnstown,  X.  Y. 
SaSST.  Bkui  (>r  "ManmUaia  jnck"   tlwT,  ilrei^cd  by  gluvr*  manuiacturur, 

rtmily  for  ciitliug.    £>.  G.  ]Iut<:bi]i»OD  ^  Co.,  Joliiuitowu,  N.  Y. 
IS1S6B.  OIqvca  uiaiMirocturctt  from  akin  uf  "Murouluuu  jack'*  cIcht.     B.  O, 

UiitvliituKni  &.  Co.f  Jutuutowo,  K.  Y. 
9&88B.  Raw  akin  of  dncr  {Cariacvi  sp.).    rrom  Cvntral  America.     S.  O. 

lliltclltlllMIU  &  Co.,  JoliiiBtowu,  N.  Y. 
SSSSO.  fikin  of  dciT  dif^Kseil  by  glovo  maniifuctumrs.     Centra]  Amorit-o.     8. 

O.  liutcbinitou  Jt  Co.,  Jubnstowu,  N.  Y. 
SB9L  Raw  nUin  ofmuJo  flour  (Cart<icH«  fiuicrdfjtr).    &.  CI.  UutdunsoD  4c  Co., 

Jnhavtowii.  fi.  Y, 
S6S92.  8kn)  of  nitile  dvvr  (Cari/truJi  mamUU), 

UuUiUiuaon  &  Co.,  Johuetowu,  N.  Y. 
^fW<>y.  Bkiu  of  male  clccr  (Cariacttt  mocrotij). 

son  «1.  Co.,  Juhu4town,  N.  Y. 
SSSM.  GIovcA  ui»do  lYuni  dkiu  of  oiulo  deer  (Cat^acu9  macrotit). 

Ilutcliiasou  &  Co.,  JobuxtowQ,  N,  Y. 
SSA9&.  Raw  ikin  of  Africau  "  blues  bok.*'    8.  U. 

town,  K.  Y. 
SSfiM.  Skin  of  African  "bk^  bok"  (drcewd). 

Jobnstown,  N.  Y. 
S&d97.  Oaiintlct  gloves  mode  ttom  skin  of  African 

Hiitebiiiwin  Sc  Co.,  Johnntttwii,  X.  Y. 
S&39B.  Raw  akin  of  prnn^-bom  or  outelopo  {Anlilocapra  ameriama). 

Ilutcliiusirtn  &.  Co.,  Jobotttuwn,  X.  Y. 
9GBiBK).  fikin  of  prong-born   or   anteloj>e  {Avtilocapra  americaita).     Drcasod 

and  colort'd.     S.  G.  llutcbiuson  &,  Co.,  Johnstown,  >'.  Y. 
SS300.  Cloven  mudv  from  skin  of  ]trong-boni  or  ontolopo  {AutUocajfra  «m«ri- 

cana).     S.  G.  TIiitchiuHou  &■  Co.,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 
KXL  Raw  skin  of  south  American  peccary  (X>kofy/e»  littfiaty).     S.  O. 

Hatchinson  &.  Co.,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 
9&303.  Olovvts  uiaik  from  skin  of  South  American  peccary  {Dicotjflct  UthiO' 

f«4).     8.  0.  Hutchinson  &.  Co.,  Johnstown,  K.  Y. 
gfiflfl?.  8kin  of  8«^iiTh  American  peccary  {tiicotylet  labiatut).     Dresoed  for 

glove  manufifcctnriT.     8.  G.  Ilutehinson  &■  Co.,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 
8&304.  Buck'tanupdskio  of  sbo«p.  **  ** 

)C305.  I>n^N«i<d  Kkin  of  Hhcini,  UunM  likft  kid  leather,  bat  smoked  insicnd 

of  rolon-d.     S.  G.  Hutchinson  6l  Co.,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 
3G30a  Sbitop-skln   made   into   "  kid  leather."     8.  G.  Hutcbinson  &l  Co. 

John »n own,  N.  Y. 
96307.  Glovnt  muAn  fVotu  "kul-«lr<M!t«od'-  sbe^p^kin.    6.  O.  Hutchinson  ^ 

Co.,  Jobu«tuwn,  N.  Y. 
S6aoa  "Kid**-drewea  lawb-skin,  ^^ady  for  coloring.    8.  G.  Hutchinson  Sl 

C<>.,  Johnstown.  N.  Y. 
KXA  Iduub^in  "kid-dr«aKMl/'  oolored.    a  G.  nu(«biii«ni  St  Co.,  Johns- 
town, m.  Y. 
SG310.  GWtoi  niAtln  ft-om  "  kid-dicMsd '^  himb-«kin.    S.  0.  Hutehinson  & 

Cu,,  Jolin-lown.  N.  Y. 
99811.  Laaib-Akinilrcaacd  in  GanuDy.    8.  0.  Hutcbiuton  A.  Co.,  John*- 

Uwn,  N.  Y. 


Fat  or  liquor  drossed.  S.  O. 
Oil  drcMwd.  8.  G.  Hutcbin- 
S.   0. 

nutvhiuaoo  A.  Co.,  Johns- 
8.  G.  Hutchinson  &.  Co., 
blees  bok."     S.  O. 
8.0. 


M2     ANIMAL  RES0tTRCE8  AND  FI8HEEIE8  OF  UNITED  STATB6. 


Leather  prepared  llroni  mammal  ikins. 

SerieH  of  diflereiit  leathei-s  illustrating  the  manufactnre  of  i^ores. 

The  followiug  nf  count  of  the  glove  trade  in  North  Amorira  iabon 
p«*n  of  Mr.  S.  G.  Hntuhinnon: 

"The  niamiihcture  offflovcssnd  mitt^'iui  from  leAihi*rwii«  iit&ricd 
Fulton  County,  Now  York  (occonling  to  hp«t  iuform»tioii),  in  ihf  yi 
ItlWO,  by  people  fnnn  Coimectimil,  who  (lrnt  engugivl  in   tho  maiiiif^tim 
of  tinware  anil  iu  «'Xchany:ing  their  Tiiiwurp  for  thn  prmlticta  of  ih** 
try.     Thfy  tJiiw  uUtatiuxl  doer-pelts,  which  they  IcnnnNl  to  tun  awwnll 
to  the  Iiidinn  proceMs,  and,  nning  pnpi>r  pattemA,  cut  anil  made  Ihcmi 
rough  niiittiia  and  glovoR.     HiituRtiuenlly  Thty  learned   a  Ixiter  p? 
of  taiuiiiig,  aud  al.to  have  made  great  Linpn>vemf^nt8  In   in:t 
gloves;  Dud  Irutu  uppaTHuMy  ioHiguitk-aut  and  aecidtruttil  1m-;:: 
originated  au  iudnstry  whirh  is  e«tiniatecl   to  pnM^nrr    ovir    ^i 
worth  of  inanufactnred  goods,  and  which  businow  luis  nt*\'<*r  iut  ^ 
snccowfiilly  tranitpIantoU  elttcwbero. 

"Thu  skiDH  used  in  the  inaDufactnre  of  gloves  And  niitt«iui  mta  tlwi 
fnrent  varietleflof  derr-fikina  and  ebecp  and  lamb  akina.  The  dt>rr- 
aro  gleaned  from  the  »utin!  United  Statcii,  Mexico,  Ccntntl  and 
America,  and  Airiea,  and  there  is  as  much  dilTcreDue  in  thf>  quality  «fi 
tikjiu  from  the  diffurent.  eoniitries  ns  in  the  elimiitJ^  of  tho  eountrin 
localttiefl  from  which  they  muie.  The  heaviest  and  uioal  volaablc  nki 
come  from  under  tlie  etitiator. 

*' Sheep-skiua  are  exteuxivety  used  In  tb«  mannAieitirn  of  glow 
well  a.s  deer-flkinn.     It  is  entinmted  that  oror  100,000  doitcu  nrt^   umtl 
nually.     The  <inaliiy  of  these  rarien  as  mnch  as  deer-fikiim,  and  dcp 
aa  mueh  upon  the  section  of  eouutrj'  from  which   lliey  r^ime,  the  i« 
wool  bkin«  making  the  best  leather.     A  pari  of  thp  ahrci>-4kin« 
drossAfl  in  a  nimilar  manner  to  the  deer-akina,  and  are  fltii«tie<l  u> 
blv  buckskin.    Many  sheep  and  lamb  skins  ore  by  a  very  difr.  *■  • 
ceas  made  into  what  is  called  kid  leather,  the  lamb-Hkiiix  u 

making  a  very  nie«  glove ;  in  fact,  some  of  the  lined  fiir-trimiu'ij  gmti 
made  from  this  kid  leather  excel  any  of  foreign  mannfariitrv. 

"To  give  a  more  definite  idea  of  where  iho  dccT-*kiiis  corn/<  froni,  T 
give  a  little  item  of  statiiities  of  arnvnls  of  denr-skins  at  the   port 
New  York  in  the  yean  1868  to  im%  inclnaive: 


Wbeves. 


CeBtial  JLmetitt^ 

Piiim 

Ansostars 

ruerto^  C»L 

Hint 

Bontliima 

Vnni  Crui 

Csiapwchjr 

Tolal 


IW. 

laoB. 

vm. 

isn. 

uaI 

AMda 

PmmdM. 

PMmU 

9wm4. 

S5i,3O0 

S4S.W0 

33:11900 

nocTou 

rcMJH 

ant  600 

J14.000 

IMwWO 

U0.MB 

i«i,4 

100.  OOO 

M.ooa 

17a,  000 

2».  3M 

c^a 

•O.OOO 

31<I,300 

\\\v» 

U.MO 

Uilfl 

]«,000 

oa.000 

u.«m 

•T.70B 

lA4l 

«o,aoo 

62.;trio 

ot.Me 

67.  WO 

«3| 

aD,noo 

XTfiO 

1V.0CW 

10.  WO 

n,7! 

81.000 

1X600 

ItHMO 

«.■« 

S^ 

101,000 

BI7,1M 

SOBtOOO 

730.700 

^m 

"And  to  give  you  something  of  an  idea  of  how  theaedMr-okiaaw*' 
vrrted  into  leather  ready  for  cntting  Into  glovea,  1  wiU  ^oyy  •  p 
written  by  Horatre  Sprogiie  in  ltCi9.  Iluweynx,  thn  oporaUoa  kas  1 
somewhat  changed  and  much  impro^  i  ' 


'And  be  U  mine  in  hrieft 

From  t 

ThroiiL 

From  Ull1^  luii^iii  II 


1. 


1  ae  move* 

III  iiiuiiitiacmrvd  gloTca 


ANUCAL  RC90UBCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      213 


icr  prrparcd  IVom  nianinial  »kint». 

ietf  of  differont  leattiei'8  iUnstrating  the  manuiUctnro  of  gloves 

Fint  into  Tat«,  low  iiTiiiken  in  tlio  nnmnd, 
Tbf  rattling!  nkinM  arc*  tliruwu  with  hut^ky  sound, 
Au'l  ilirn*  lnr  dii^H  nn*  Hiiircrf^l  to  i-eiuaiu, 
Until  tlir  wiit^T  iH-nnorjtOM  i\iv  in'iMn. 
Aiid  tbt-ir  whole  yiuULiiiK  furui  aiiit  tt'Xturc  make 
Pliant  nml  Kitpple,  littiu;;  tht^m  u*  l>rc.ik. 
Pmtu»  it'tT  tlie  Klai)tiii|X  Im-hiii  tht*  hreakfr  plit-a, 
Willi  Um;;  two-linmllfil  kiiiri.^,  hi>*  rui-r^U'H 
All  tbi'  luIli^^rinK  Heftb  to  rli-aii  away, 
liia  ia  x\w  liunlml  work  au<l  |HH)i-tt((t  pay. 
Fli^Bli'liiiiiri^.  ur  lb'-'  hairiii;!  pnin-rtm  l-uJKm1, 
ht  u«?xt  hi  onitir  anil  i^  next  iiiKtalb-<I. 
ITpon  llif  ll»«h-Ki(li-  nfilti'  limkeii  skin 
Qilick-liiiii*  is  t«iin-;i(I  ilinl  nnfiOy  fnliU'it  in; 
TUfn  in  the  i*ouk  or  wad-r  val  with  €'iir«' 
T  in  iiliu-t^il  fell  <IayM  for  Ioohl-uii)^  tht:  bair. 
And  \vbt>n  tlii*  Ik>.iiiii  aail  kiiilVf  apiiu  arc  proved 
Tbf  hairy  ront  in  <-a«ily  n-iiiovcd. 
In  lime-valB  uoxt  thf  »ikin«  arv  put  to  limp; 
Frnm  on«^  to  tax  \v»'*>k«  is  tbi'  allott-i'd  time. 
Tliin  prorcfw,  pci-fci-trd  l»y  Uiw  ilrnri*t*H, 
Tbit-KunM  thi'  itUinM  ami  Niiiotithrt  ihr-  Mii-fncpn. 
lYixiiig  rcniiimt  the  brain  and  kiiift*  aguiu^ 
To  nbave  eb'nn  off  the  oulicK>  or  ^'aiii. 
Parching  ift  niwil  lor  bc»vy  Nkin.s»lont^ 
Thp  incaui»>c  of  tin-  tmn  itt  tlryiii;i  ilovru ; 
Not  iu  tb»>  fiT\'orh  of  1  h«-  fcorchiny  suu. 
But  ill  IIr*  slinil'*  aloiio,  't  ih  mifrl^  dnm*. 
A^ouUiiii;  tlu'n  rur«ii'-H  nnlil 
Tbcy  'rr  noftvr  um<li-  iiuil  Uttc<l  for  the  mill. 
Milling  in  ordrr  iirit  Hurrrttlrt,  ofcoumi'. 
IMiM-cd  in  the  fitork.  by  8tt*iun  or  wator  foreo 
Tb<!  ttkiim  art*  Urihkly  niti  six  bourn  ur  nioru 
To  Mipplc  (liriii  mill  ojKMi  I'vt-rj'  jt'»r»\ 
Then  lakt'ii  out  to  air.     With  oil  imUtU'd, 
Hcplucfd  af;aiu,  and  milling;  it*  rcm-wcd. 
Eai'b  liair  bonrafirrwunl  allrrimtfUy 
T1u*v  'n«  in  (Ik*  fili>rkH  or  iiiit  to  air  and  dry. 
Until  lbn-)ttKhi)Ut  tbu  >iubHtuucL>  of  ibe  skin 
Thp  oil  fonnninjfles  with  tb»'  ff'.-bitiue 
Of  gbtr,  and  tcavcrt  tbf  <ill»'r  part,-*  tojrt'tbtff 
Tbc  triif  and  ypiiiiim'  prodticl  \\v  cull  b'athpr, 
Tbo  iH^ain  and  WTiddiutr-kiiif**  awain  are  plied 
For)U'0(bliri;{  oii  tbi^  grain  nr  facial  tiidu. 
Thf  niiiiiinH  HulmtjiiHT  nr  n*lii'itlar 
TiHHitf  (tfilii-  skin  itt  xhavrd  otf  bare. 

Vh-   ;  '^ ■':•!.  to  |MTf<ul  and  to  rro«m, 

]v  :  ntoMt  tor  tlryiii;;  don  n. 

"S'  r  vat5  tb^y 'n>  pbirrd  awblle. 

In  \ul^tii  p»rluni-p,  'for  to  cut  tlie  llu'; 

But  by  tbo  rbyniip  law  atbnity 

Tbr  nil  ^i'bitiiiouH  und  alkali 

Comhinp,  witlimit  a  tlinirf.  or  a  tropp. 

Azul  form  thi*  iU4i-t'ul  prodnrt  wr  rail  noap. 

A  boU  hour  In  tbr  Atorkn  tbp  nkiiis  iH-in^  nin, 

Thp  luiup  wiusbid  nut,  unil  tliiiH  IIil'  M-onrin^  '»  doOA. 

To  mdlpu,  to  uivp  N)iap<\  and  natnrnl  >ii:r, 

Duly  ibp  ntacKin^  priMOMM  next  aitjdirtt. 

FiiMt  tit  Till'  pi-K'ti  tlif  pindrni  hUIii  U'ini:  pbirrd, 

<)^nut]HM|  by  (Iir  hand  and  tlmily  slionbltT-bnM.<^l, 

Tlif  iiriti-:«inlvc  ibfU  in  vinort'unly  apnlicU 

T-  nd  pxtvnil  thr  b-uthrry  hidr. 

'^^  n-r-ittako  |j»  niorr  Hnijably  found 

}'  >  I  •-tcb  and  AnitHttb  tbf  ciU'cm  rnnnd. 

<*  wttU'r  niixrd,  wlu'udri'Ml  priougli 

Alio  'M..'j  .■^>J^1U1^  bluvkH  ftubiuucil,  is  catb'il  UufT, 


214     ANIMAL  RESOrnCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STA" 


Leather  proiiared  tVoau  iiiauiiual  skinii* 

Sei'iefi  Iff  djflereut  leathera  iUuittratiug  tlie  mauuiiicture  oCj 

Which  by  the  baud  i»  nxbheU  iipou  the  nkin. 

PtjrL'U  liini^;  mitU  tbt*  wbrr's  wi>ll  wroujjlit  iu 

And  ilfi'ply  fu-r,  iiroilmiii:;  a  wit,  nmllow, 

(■uidi't),  i'liiliirinp,  iuiTUMivt*  voUiiw. 

Thi.H  hutting  niiDK'd.     Tin*  (>rLH.ei*s  utxt  to  bring 

The  iiiiiiiut'drluir  through  i.-*  linirUim)^. 

A  hnrixntitul  shAt't,  lirm  overlaid 

With  fiiicry,  nnd  by  uiiiohiiifry  luoile 

To  turn.  elalHtrutofl  tho8k.ui  plucrd  an 

To  |h.>ri('ct  suioothiK*!M,  oud  lira  n-urk  u  doop.' 

''The  mnnafacturo  of  tho  difrer*?ut  kinJtt  and  «tyli<fl  ofKl^voa  h 
ing  divided  up  so  tliat  umiiy  uf  oiir  IcudUiji;  tiinuuluciumB  an  nil 
Hpccialty  of  youie   piirticulur  kind  uf  glovce,      fiuttiu  make   cxel 
heavy  buokHkin  f;lnvAn  and  mittens;  otbetM  umku  oxcluslToly 
gloves  Jiiid  t^Annfk'U;  others,  lined  kid  )rlovo«of  varitmiskindii  xoA 
iithtifs,  nuliuud  kid  uud  autelniHi  or  coAtor  glovct*  und   ladle* 
thus  eimbliug  thout  to  pay  atrict  attention  to  thrir   pAi-tinalat  b 
and  r(>ui^hiii|;  fhi'  htglHtst  degree  of  iMrfcutloa  attaiunkto  lit  tbi« 

Bt4t^4«  of  tbc  bUHilU'Wt. 

"Marked  progri'As  U  yearly  made  in  thin  imlaatry,  and  it  tji  pna 
tliat  in  no  distunt  futtiru  tho  tiueot  K'uves  niado  iu  \\w  world  will  b* 
lioro  iu  the  twu  viUagcs  of  JoUiutown  nnd  Uluv«nviUe,  N.  Y." 

Porpoise  leatber. 

Buluf^a  loatlior  (]i*cssoU  ^s.  kid,  solo,  Imrnoss,  Tclvct,  plusb, 
luaU-bag,  belt,  uud  ])uteiit  (viu*iu8licd)  leatkur. 

UeOia.  Tanned  akin  of  bclnga  {DetphiMpltriu  eatodon),     G.  R.  K«ihfl 

Co.,  t^uobw. 
2U019.  Laeeleatlior,  "Rivi^SrvOuLoupf^n  bftii."   Mannfarttiredfixim 

of  beldga  {DfJpkinaptmtu  catodott),  by  tho  Gulf  Pur|Kitio 

CoinpHuy. 

Beavur  leather,  used  in  inaniifuctnre  of  Middles,  ahoes^  glo' 

triinkH. 
Rat  lt*!ithpr,  nsod  for  tliumbs  of  kid  gloro«, 
L«?atlK'r  triniiniiiffR^  used  a«  stufling  for  haMs,  &c. 

Prepared  IVona  iutestiiieM  or  luauuualB. 

Par<!limont  fmm  viscera  of  seals,  nsod  by  KMcimos  for  clothing;,] 
and  blaiiketii. 


Usod  for  irntcrprooP  clothing.    Couk'a 
UimnI  for  waterproof  tdoihllig.    Tukim  Sli 


ij5a&.  Intestine  of  seal. 

T.  T.  Minor. 
fi57l>.  Int«Mtiue  of  seal. 

}[.  Datl. 

e&30,  hittaiine  of  seal.     Prpparcd  and  nwd  for  clotMnjc.     I>r.  T.  T. 
S060I?.  rrcpnredm^al-^ut  f^r  wolen^roof  ilrrjwM.    Sitka,  AU^^ 
boo  also  nutiinroiiM  gammntN  nf  tliia  tnatvctal  diaoT^j 
uologicol  divtaiun. 


AKUCAL  RESOITHCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.      216 

rrpared  from  in(eMine§  of  mammal!^. 

Leather  from  pharynx  of  seal  and  walrus,  need  by  Eskimo  for  boot- 
aoles. 

Puroluncut  ft*om  viNcrra  of  bears,  UHod  in  Kaiutt^liatka  for  musics 
and  wiiiduw-iiaiios. 

Visoenfc  of  ox,  iLsed  in  maiiufnctnrp  of  gold ■bciitei's'  akin. 

l$ladder»  of  uuuuul»,  used  Hov  p(>iu-lii*H,  ]}ai-i^hun'Utj  Ixittlc  and  jar 
coven*,  and  by  EKkinm  for  oil-bottlcH. 

Vwc'eni,  nf  hhi^<.»p,  iiAed  in  mannfatrturo  of  "cat-gnt,''  with  specimens 
of  wliipvord,  hatt»?rs'  cont,  for  bowstrings,  clocknmkors'  cord, 
fdatidn*,  gtiiUir,  violin,  and  haip  strings,  angling-lines,  &c. 

V^»^^_•^'^a  of  bug,  used  jus  cnveU^j>e*>  for  mintu-Hl  meat,  snusagcn,  &c. 

Tlinxit  of  lioulion  {Eunutopim  HtcUcri)^  dressed  tis  iJarcUinent  en- 
velopes to  preserve  valuable  papers. 

^irtTJ.  SitkA  Indiuus  Alaako.    J.  G.  Swun. 

Siuotvs  of  ttlu.-cp,  de<T,  goat,  buffalo,  seal,  wa-lms,  and  other  animalft, 
n»4?d  in  iiiuuufacture  of  threads,  linej?,  nets,  and  snow-fthoes,  in 
c^rengthoning  bows,  &c.;  the  babiehe  of  the  KsUimos  of  tho 
Northwest  eoast. 

tt\r*^  tluhii'lu*.     Siccaneo  InilinDS.     British  Columbia.     J.  T.  Rothrock. 
SCKM.  Mofkvndc's  Itivor.     li.  Koiinivott. 
849.  Mackenzie's  niver.  " 

H4'J.  M'xiso  airicw.     Fort  Good  Hope.    MuckoQziv's  Ulver.    II,  Eonnicott. 
3n3H,  biiicwK  of  mooiie  and  caribou.     Fort  Liiinl  Imliaua.  ** 

554^1.  I)»'«'r  «iin»w.     Apaclu?  Iiidini))*.     I>r.  E.  Pnlmrr. 
StiOn.  bnl)i<*Ij4^.     UD<IrR!«MMl  ffkiii  of  inoiiiiluiD  slirvp. 
S-IS.  Itiibk'hc  ir*m\  Diuuntdin  sh^^ep.     MncUi'iuir-'s  Riror.     R.  Kcunlcott. 
1862.  Bow  t'oviTtd  willi  biu^ir  of  uiunntain  nIiim^p  ( Opi*  monUtna),     Iliggcr 
ladUia^.     Culifomio.     Cnpiain  (iiinnison,  U.  6.  A. 
dITSS.  Snow-sbiH4  niiid"  from  b1u«w  of  cacitwu  (looa-f  Mso).    0.  E.  Ren- 

iVow  &  Co.,  Qurlwc, 
SHTflD.  6now-fihtH-A  tiiftdi*  from  sinew  of  caribou  (vonum's  slzo).     G.  I^  Rnn- 
fiTW  i  Co.,  Qii*b«?. 

Prepared  IVom  bird-nkinfi  (Kskimos). 

Kidur  leather.' 
Auk  leather.* 

74ri3.  OlI-tiaD;,     Mudc  from  skin  of  loon'a  fool.     Fort  Anderson.    R,  Uic- 
.  FarliUiA. 


'repared  IVoni  reptile  Hkinn. 

Allij^ator  leather. 

IffilO.  Soltcfl  akin  nfalllgator  {  A  Uiyaior  Mi$9Udpp4gm»S»),    Cpprr  Sain  I  Jobu'ii 

Uivrr,  Mnrido.     O.  Wrt'wn  Goodv. 
16810.  TniuiMl  Akin  uf  alligaWr.     Upper  Saint  Jolin'i  Riirer,  Floridju 

Brown  Good<K 


216     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISUEUIES  OF  UNITED  BTATBB* 


Prepared  IVom  repti&e  skins. 

ALligiiXor  leather. 


UppM^ 


25*283.  Touned  skin  of  allif^ator  (JUi^atar  miuUi'tppimti*). 

John's  River,  Florida.     G.  Itrowii  ChmhIi!. 
24791.  TiMifHMl  bkin  nf  nlli};ator  ( J//i>i/ar  miMissippUmHt),     **  RiUMWt  ftni«h.* 

Schuyer  Rmrt.,  Kiwtoti,  Miuib. 
24706.  Cigur-voiw,  made  from  dlciu  of  ulligntor  (Alligittvr  mUntmitfi^^mt). 

'*Riin«ot  fininh."    Holiay<ir  Bro«.,  Riwton.  Mosa. 
247U2.  LadyV  aatdiel,  mtu\o  (Tom  ftkin  nf  nlUgatur  (AUlt^tar 

aU).     **RiiiUHit  lluLoh."    Sehuycr  Itroii.,  UwttoOf  HiUH. 
SU7U3.  Hntfli-cfMKs  uimU*  fnmi  nkiu  nf  uUijLtatur  (.l//i^ator  mU 

'^RusEWt  liiiUb.*'    ^fbiij'vr  llrtH*.,  Oo^Um,  Mum, 

24793,  81ip]Mirih  iua>I(>  fruin  llioftkin  nf  nlli^uUir  (AltUfuKfr  mU 

"Busaet  flnUli."    Schayrr  Bnw.,  Bonton,  Mumy. 

24794.  SlippetH,   moAv  from  akin  of   aliieator  {Jluf^aior    mU 

"llla4'k  linUb."    8cbttyt^r  DroH.,  noHlan,  Moms. 
2G0U8.  RitUn^-bMits.  nmdi-  from  Akin  of  uUifpitor  iAlli$aU>r 
>L  Si.  A.  Muhrciiholz,  N'cw  York  City. 

BattlcHuuke  leather. 

247OT.  Drv«aeU  itkiii  of  ratthiiuuke  (CroMIiu  ttmrit^m)*     Big  Covn,  Alk 

11.  ]|(MjderM>ii. 
24799.  DruASed  skiu  of  ruttlMnako  (CrotalUM  duri$mu).     Big  Cooq,  AU. 

H.  Hcudrnioii. 
2470d.  8UtHf.s  uiiuh*  fi-um  nkin  of  luttlesnaka  {Cntalu*  dnrtaau*),     Big  C< 

Alu.     J.  H.  Ili'iiili'rwxi. 
9043*  Bnw  covored  irith  skin  of  rattlesanki*.     UhmI  by  FlAtbcHul  Tudu 

Fort  ColviUe,  W.  T.     Dr.  J,  T.  GliiaaUn,  U.  &  A. 

Other  snake  leathci*. 

260S9.  DtMjts  niiidD  from  ftklu  of  boa  (Jha  wnttricUir).     U.  &.  A.  Mi 

Nt'W  York. 


Prepared  Irom  0«li««kinfi« 

Leather  prepared  fix»m  scaled  II  &U  by  Indiani&. 

||U)91.  SAluion-flkiiui  dnwmd  aa  lo-otbcr  aiui  nacd  in  making  wiUerpnmf  iiMi 
nud  boota  by  Majijuntut  Eakiiuo.    Noiuvak  lAlutid,  Aiaaka.     \V. 
Dall. 

10347.  Parky,  or  upiivr  gunuviit.  iuad4*  from  lb«  akiu  of  oodAili  (t).     Vn 
vuk  lalaoil,  Alaaka.     W.  U.  DalL 

E(»l  leather*  made  for  pijrtails,  queues,  flnil-tbun^^ 
Bkiua  of  eels  {AntjuUUi  vulffariH), 

25285.  Eel-akina.    Market,  Waabin^on,  D.  C.    U.  Brows  OihmIo. 

Tbrw  I'ol-bkinti  ;irr  liigbly  u«l««uivU  by  tii«  TlrgmiA  ncgtnea  Mft 
cnr»  for  rbruuiutianu 


Sturgeon  leatlicr. 

90013.  Tanned  akin  of  at^rg(^oa  (,Ae{fmttr  m^Acaa^M). 
del,  \Vauk«pui,  UL 


WrtBJrJi  A  Wan* 


AXnUL  BE80CBCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  CNITED  STATES.      217 

reparcd  IVobu  af^h-skins. 

Shark  loatbcr  (Bhajrreeu  used  for  coverings,  and  by  the  AlaJitii  In- 
diaiitf  for  boot-»ole8).' 

i^Ather  waste. 

T*ai>or  inannftictured  troxxi  wuRte, 

Glut?  maniila^tured  from  wii8t<^.     (See  under  24.) 

Pmiuian  blue  mwlu  from  leutJipr  wante.     (t^ee  under  30.) 

21.   IlAm  A^D  WOOL. 

[air  u«rd  in  weaiin^  and  felting.    (See  under  8.) 
[air  nurd  For  mrign  and  ornaments* 

IIuiDAa  ktair  m  hd  article  of  commerce,  with  specimens  of  switches 
lind  wi^  and  alno  of  the  trade  imitations  of  hair  iu  jute,  horse- 
buir,  &c. 

Goa^H  wool  an  employed  in  manufacture  of  wigs  and  pcnUces. 

Uiunan  Hcalp  IocUh  us  Indian  trophiua.' 

Scal|m  of  aulinals  us  trophie^s.' 

[air  and  brintlea  used  for  bru^tlies  (embracing  the  commer- 
cial boir  and  bristles,  oHsortAHl  and  unassorted,  and  speeloieus  of  the 
manuliictarcd  articles). 

Uuir  of  skunk,  used  for  fine  brushes. 

S9340.  GUdvrs*  and  vuiiii«hent'  brnsliva  (bliick  hair;  0at).    Milea  Dro».  &.  Co. 
ggmj^         *(         14  it  t(  u  44  41 

<29342.         "         *'  "  *'  "  "  ** 

2934n,        ♦'         "  '*  '*  "      (round).  •* 

2Km.  JOuAtiog-lirnBli  (white  Itoir;  tlat}.  " 

Hair  of  bear  used  for  vaniishiiig-bnishea. 

129338.  VaruUh  or  diutiog  bru»h.     Aliles  BrotherB  4&  Co. 
SKUD.  "MotUer'' brush.  " 

Hair  of  American  badger  used  for  fine  shaving,  gi-aining,  gOdiug, 

and  dust  brushen.^ 
Hair  tif  American  badger  {Tasitlea  americann)  adapted  to  the  man- 

aiacturo  of  brushes. 
Hair  of  aquintU,  especially  the  tail,  uwxl  in  making  fine  artists' 

pencils. 


"  Carorl'rt-liair"  varnlah-bnish.    French  style.    Miles  Brothers  d.  Co. 
StCI3t.  "Caim'IVhttir"  roiuli-putntt-nt*  ctilor-brtuh.  ■• 


*0««  S>^rTn'iit9  ill  Klbnolo^uul  wiini. 
•  llUwiiii'  n  tbi>  Ktbiirilii^ical  division. 

'  Tilt'  1  I :  briuhtm  twibl  in  AiiitTifa  aro  alinottt  (txclnsivnly  mAnnfactiirrd  Cram 

r  Kitru|H!aa  badger.    Tbo  hair  of  tho  American  badger  is  qnite  a«  mdl 


[•UI  pOMJ. 


t 


J 


218      AXIMAL  KESOURCES  AND  PISHEUIES  OF  UNITED  BTA 

Hair  and  bristBcj^  used  llbr  brnshcs. 

Hair  ol*  squlrrcly  cspeciiUly  tho  tail,  uaed  in  maidng 
pencils. 

*j03'2:J.  "Cftmors-hftir"  ranuHh  or  copying  bnuh.   Eng 

UrothcfB  JSc  Co.,  New  York. 
29322.  ''Cainol's-hair"  gildoiH' bnittb.     Miles  Brotben  & 
2^£t34-&  "Camcrs-lioj-"  lacqncring  brasli.  •* 

S932G.   "Carael'e-huir"  jKjncil,  quill  Imndlcs.  '* 

S1X15;.{,  Scnesof  Kcmlling  un<1  orntiint'titingbntahcA.  " 
Thoac   lirti.slics  uro   niiula  ohu;lly  £rom   tlio  toil  of 
(SoiHnu  carolincmvi),  anil  nro  knowu  to  tho  trade  na  *< 
brushes. 


Bristles  of  hojj  and  i)eccaiy  udcil  iu  making  conr^e  bi 
ui^hiugj  scrubbing,  &<;. 

SG020.  Series  of  bristles  (block).    B  Nos.  1-1&    WnUam  WU 


I 


acoai. 

mm. 

2603H. 
SG022. 

96024. 


(wUU«).  B  Nos,  l-i:t. 

(yellow).  B  Hm.  l-Vi. 

(red).  B  Nos.  1-11. 

(blBok).  I»  B  Nos.  i-12. 

(black).  ("Ca«inj,'8")Nofi.  1-ia,  " 

(natural.bluck).  ('*Ciuunga")Nos.  t- 


4 


Wilkcns  Ji  Co. 
Series  of  bristles  (white). 


("CiisiDgs")  Nos.  1-12. 


Mcdinm  stitr,  Not,  l-ia,^ 

\Vimaui\Vtlkeuai&C< 

I* 

If 


aUOaS.       "      "         "        (white). 
2ti(h29.       **     "        "       (union), 
aC030.       "      "        "       (bliio). 
Seoai.       "      "        "       (uublunchcd). 
Brushes  made  fn»m  bristles: 
S9337.  FUt  copylDg-bmsli,  No.  1.    Miles  Brotbera  Jk.  Co. 
S93Sa      "  •*  "       No.  31. 

S9329.      "  "  "       No.  a, 

29330.  "  "  •'       No.  IH. 

29331.  "  "  "  No.  S. 
8933%  Round  paiat-brmib,  No.  A  ^. 
21)333.  "  "  •*  No.  A  9. 
20331.  "  "  "  No.  A  I. 
29336.  "  •*  "  No.Afl. 
29330.  "  "  "  No.  A  3. 
293J7.  Sbavlog-brosh. 

Slieep'H  woid  (on  Kkin)  ilso*!  for  MacUboani  rubijcra. 
Hair  of  deer  and  anteloiw  (on  skin)  usihI  by  Tndtans  for^ 
Dcer-buir  bruslies. 

Brushes  niwlo  from  wlUto  hair  in  toll  of  doori 
and  V.  virtjiHiantu): 
SD354.  Flat  hrusli.     I  ioob    Miles  BraUicn  &  Co. 
S93S5.  •'  U  •*  " 

Round  Itrnsb. 

*Soo  exhibit  iu  IMurauouol  Bureau. 
*Sce  £tbno]og1cal  scries. 


iXlVAL  RESOrtRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.     219 

Bair  and  bristles  used  for  brushes. 

Uuir  of  liofiMTa,  ajse4l  for  fly-brushes.  ' 

'JlJUCfi.  8<)rio4  of  4iuii|>loa  of  horse-bair  (ilyctl  1>lno).    WUliaui  Wilkens  Jk  Co. 

*Mf'Xl       *        "  "  (aycU  ml). 

V*.>i:vi.       "       "        •'        *'  "  (dyed  wUit«).  " 

Ox-boir  from  tlio  iuside  of  cows'  ears  used  for  striping  and  letter- 
iDg  bmsb&s. 

!£J34r»-<i-7-8-l>-50.  Frosoo-imiiitcrs*  bniBlics,  l-t>.     MileB  Bmtbcni  &-  Co. 
t!!C01.  SiiricA  ufnx-liair  ttliipiiig-peiicilii^  t>uld  an  cauiul'a'Uair  x»^^i^'     Milett 
Brothers  Sl  Co. 

Hair  ased  in  other  manul^cturcfi. 

llristl(»a  used  in  shoemakers'  was  ends. 

BrwU**-S  UJir-.d  in  aiiutomical  instruments. 

Ilair  und  biiMtli^.^  iummI  iu  aitificial  dit^s.     (See  under  B,  45.) 

Hair  of  caulo  used  iu  strengUieulng  niortur  and  plaster. 

Fair  UHed  Tor  Atiiflring* 

Jtorft^bair,  straight  and  curled,  nse<l  for  mattresses  and  cushions, 
l^^fuso  biiir  of  beaver  and  musquash,  cut  from  feltiug-hair,  used  for 

enshionK. 
(Down  of  rabbits  nseil  for  cusliions.) 


ool  iihcd  nm  a  laaedinni  Tor  psg:nient4. 


ft 


*Wrx>l  .flocking  nsrvl  in  the  manufacture  of  wall-paper^  colored  felts^ 
and  rubl>ex  cloth. 


«niical  products. 

I&efti»e  human  and  other  hair  used  in  manufacture  of  prussiate  of 
potftsb,  with  i*p<*firaens  of  manufactured  product. 

22.  Qttills. 


Qills  ornanmmaBf^. 

Qnilhi  of  American  hedge-hog  used  by  Indians  in  embroidering. 

^uUiff  or  birds. 

<^,»iii1Ih  of  swan  and  turkey  for  engrossingpeus. 
^<yudh»  of  goose  an<l  eagte  for  writing-i>ens. 

lUU  of  crow  antl  duck  for  flno  pens. 
Quills  used  iu  making  tooth-picks,  fishing- floats,  color-bottles,  pen- 
cil handles,  needle-holdei-s,  &c. 

23.  Feathers. 
Vjilhrm  uned  for  clothing^.    (See  under  Furs,  D  IQ.\ 


FealhcrN  used  for  ini|>Aenicat«  (iucluiUug  luAuaCactiued  oriS- 


Un. 


ai»5a«.  Fan. 

iHi&Dil.  Fun  niwlo  fWirn  feathers  of  rownte  spoonbill  {PtataU^  ^ft^*), 

C.  K.  Mott,  Jtii'ksonvillc,  Fla. 
BS&97.  Fnu  inudu  from  ft^athtint  of  white  t«m  (Stana  sp.).     Mn,^  C.  £.  Mut, 

JaclcaoiiTillo,  Fla. 
96596.  Fan  miute  fmm  tV^nthers  nf  white  crano  (GarArtto  atmdiAi$»tm^). 

C.  E.  Mott,  JacksouvlUe,  Fla. 
S8S99.  Fail  luoilo  from  feathen^  of  bluu  b^ron  {Florida  crrufcn).     Mim.  C> 

Mntt,  .lni-L»fiiivini>,  Fla. 
26601-26805.  Fun  mado  froiu  fi>ath«»re  of  wat«r-lurkvy  (H^tta 

Mrs.  C.  K.  Mott,  Jack  son  ^'iUt•.  Fla. 
26G02.  Fun  iimdi!  fnuii  fiMillii.>rH  uf  6iib-<ruw  (Corctu  oii9i/n$yttii)  uul  U 

horoii  {P'lorida  coth/w).     Mre.  C.  E.  MotI,  JaclcMinvillc,  Fla. 
26W3.  Fan  nindo  Iroiu  feathemof -nroodibb(ranrd/Hw/ocHfafor}a»dp<uiik< 

(PiriiiaHs  caroHncitM),     Mra.  C,  £.  Molt,  JaeksonrillA,  ("la. 
3060(1.  Fan  lW>in  uiiwrllanroitH  fcathrnt.     ^Ini.  I'.  K.  Mott,  .IiiokamtvillA, 
20812.  DomeMtlc  turkey-feather  diistfira.     5  «u»«.     Chicago  FcatludSDiMK 

Couiiiooy.     Chica>;o,  III. 


■    Feathers   ii^icd    Tor   plumes   nnd   ornamealt*    (incliMlioj 

H         plumeN,  bejuUlre^He^,  cot^kudeK,  hat  tind  clrouit  triiuiuiiigH,  &*\) 

^k  S60O4.  Uonqiiot  madn  frum  feathers  of  Florida  bii^     Un.  C.  C  lioU.  Jarl 

^H  sonville,  FUi* 

^M  89039.  Flowers  madu  from  fi.*athorB  of  Florida  birds. 

Feathers  utsed  in  other  maiiiiDicliirefi. 

I  Feathered  arrow-shafts.     (See  lunlrr  IS,  IS.) 

Featheiti  used  in  making?  artiticial  iVivs, 
Feathers  iisetl  in  miiuufacturc  of  textile  fiibrica.    (See  under 
n,  c.) 

Down  of  birdM* 

Down  of  eider-duck  used  in  bed-stiifiing,  with  apccimeua  of  Imlla  io_ 

which  it  is  imcked  for  traiisiwrtatJou. 
Down  of  other  diu-ks. 
Down  of  geese  and  swans  UHe<l  aa  stuffing  for  IkhIm,  and  aaelectric^ 

non-conductor  in  manufacture  of  pbilowpbical  instminents. 

24.  Gelatine  a^d  isi>*aLA8«. 
Gelatine. 

QcUitine  ui:ule  from  leather-Bhavings,  bones,  hoofh,  and  honw 
bison,  cattle,  sheep,  nnd  <>th<^r  domestic  unimaLs,  hmmI  iu  mantis 
faijtnro  of  ghie,  size,  court-plaster,  papirr  (flnct  for  tmciii^,  tmili 
tion  Klass,  artiticial  tlowers,  antl  orniuneutal  work,  vrrappiogs 
confections,  table-jolly  (see  under  D  1),  &c. 

Glue. 

S&31&.  Ku,  ].     MaaufavtuitMl  Ctoin  horns  nnd  hnofn.     Win.  H.  UrvwVr  F«*- 

body,  Mttwi 
S&31C.  Xo.  ST.     M an nfiio tared  from  bonia  and  liooiik     Witt.  IL  Brswo,  IS«b> 

body,  Maa&. 


'i 


i 


AXIUAL  RRSOtmCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     221 

aline. 

Size,  or  ftt>7.eu  ginc 

95S17-ie.  "A,  A.  E."    Mannfa^ttiredfroni  boms  and  lioofM.     Wm.  II.  Dromi, 
Pcabody,  Moan. 


itinos  made  from  bone  aud  ivory  tihavingtt. 
relnline. 


Lbel 

{R9fr  OC  esoukMit  RwaUows  {Cafov<iUa  c/tcithntaf  C.  fuciphaffa,  C< 
hi^mif  &C.)  exported  Irom  luditui  Archipelago  to  CUina.) 

Bglaira. 

Ifiing;lAAS  (iclUh.rocollfl),  made  from  air-blntlilrre  and  skiiiB  of  fislics 
ami  u>*4h1  in  the  manufacture  of  Hue  icrlnes  and  sizes,  adhesive  and 
court  jda^ters,  dimnond  cement,  imitation  gla<*s,  and  table-jelly 
and  confectionery  {see  under  D  1,  I>),  iu  rctining  wiue«  and  ItquorH, 
in  adulterating  milk,  in  fixing  the  luster  of  artificial  pearls,  and 
•fg  .silk  ribbons  (endiracing  the  dried  bladders  and  the 
■  I  :!ii*ed  pnxlurt.s)  in  their  grades  of '*  lyre,''  "heart-shaped," 
**Ieaf,''  and  "lxH)k"  i.singla6S. 

IVom  80uudjs  of  cod  and  hake. 

lufiglaw.     (Firnt  t|nal!ty. )     Maniifnrtnrod  rioninoniicUof  cod,  hnke^ 

&c.    CapoAnu.     Capo  Atui  iHiuglosft  and  Glue  Coiupuny,  Hock- 
port,  Msum, 
(SccoihI  quality.)     MauiifactiirtMl  from  luiiinda  iif  bakn^  ood,  Ac. 

Capo  Aun  Isbtgla.<tn  uud  Glue  Coiiiimny,  R(>ok|>ort,  Mam, 
Dried  mmnii  of  cfM\  (fiaduH  morrhua).     L'iwd  iu  the  luannfflctnre  of 

thlttgUuw,     (]i>nr^i'''H  llankN.     Oapv  Aim  IsintflmM  and  Uloe  C'uu- 

pauy,  RiK'kport,  M;utH. 
tMltMiindof  liukr  (PhticiirfiuitM).     Used  in  niannfflctiireof  iainglaM. 

Day  of  Fundy.     Cup«  Ami  leiingliiw  nDd  Glue  Company,  Uockport, 

Maw. 
doimd  of  hnke  (Phgciji  cAhm),  nw>d  in  thn  manufacture  of  iainglaaa. 

Vorll.'ind,  MiK     II,  TrcfAiln-rn. 
Bound  of  lukc  (Pht/cl»  ckuMH),  UMtHt  iti  tbu  mannfactnro  of  isinglnas. 

PnHlimd,  Mf.     H.  Tn'A'Uu-ni, 
lajnglan.     MHiiiiriictnnvl  from  N-)iindi»  of  ood,  hake,  Ac.    Cape  Ann 

IiiuKlan^  and  Gluo  Conipunv,  Kotkporf,  Mw<8. 
Air-ltluddvr  of  rod  { Gadv9  morrhua).  used  in  mannfactnre  of  uisiglaiB. 

Cull"  ,Vjui  ]r«iiiglii.-<K4  uud  Vt\\\<:  Cuiupnny,  Rirckport,  Ma.*!*!. 
Lnnglaw  laoAv  from  Hkin^of  co4l(fi<ufM«morrAui:i).     lly  anewmMlitMl. 

>)y  tlip  GIouct'MU'r  Isin^^loM  and  Glue  Compiuiy.    Win.  N.  1*  Fuiz, 

agent.  Boniiui,  Momm. 
Air-bla<1dpr  nf  "fnnu^ii  crab"  (fipeote.<i  unknown),  nwd  in  roana* 

farturo  of  iMlnKlasa.      Cape  Ann  IdlngUws  and  Glue  Company, 

RockpoH.  Mom, 
Air-bliuldfT  of  fnrrigu  "9Mk  trout'*  (on  unknown  lUih),  waxA  in  tbn 

manufacture  of  btlngloML     East  Indies.    Cape  Ann  lainglaw  and 

Glue  Company,  Rockport,  Maaa. 


220 
Fcal! 


Fea 


P<»:: 


Ci 


iXnUL  RESOURCES  AND  FISnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      223 

2G,  Spoxoes.' 

^P<^cimea«i  of  Anarrocan  commercial  sponges  (with  tho 
(lilTiTcut  gnulcH,  and  blenched  Hpoiiges). 

(Spodmeiw  of  Mf'ilit-en'aneaii  sponges.) 

Snrpciil  apjiainituH,  jii-ohangs,  aurilaves,  *'  sponge-tents,"  and  other 

iuistniincnts  manntaL'Uired. 
8piinjri»o  pilino  used  ns  a  substitute  for  pouUi(;os. 
SfHm^»s  used  in  stofllng  mattrejises  and  cushions. 

^  27.  Oils  and  pats. 

P    Bcuroil  and  bearfat  used  us  a  cosmetic  and  in  the  manufacture  of 
jK>iDatums. 
^^e-oil  uiicd  in  the  mauiiftictore  of  kid  kIovcs. 
"C'^J-oU,  in  itfl  various  gnides,  used  for  lubricating. 

on  nl'scaln  (f'yftttphora,  Paffophf/lim,  Puiia,  and  Phoca,  ep.)-  Now- 
ftiuutUaufl.     W.-illor  Grieve  &  Co..  St.  Jolin'n,  N.  I\ 

9S081-3.  Od  of  KuU  (Cifntnphora,  Patfophilunj  Pu»a,  nud  i'Aooi,  sp.),  J. 
MuiiTi  A  <'o.,  llarl»or  Oraec,  N.  K. 

SS079.  0(1  of  hiirltnr  seal  (Phoca  ritnliw),  Capt.  N.  £.  Attrood,  Province- 
town,  Ma^w, 

«lepliant  oil, 

2Q0r*7.  Oil  of  eflfi-oloplinnt  (JUaorvrhinMt,  ap.).    Uarozij  WUliams   &  Co., 
Ni'W  Ixiiidnu,  Conn. 
Oil  of  Aea-clcptinut  (^facrorhit^ui  leomua).    Soath  Georgia  laUod. 
Iluvcu,  Williuuis  ^  Co.,  New  liOndon,  Conn. 

'^lion  oil. 
kJ''V"»iatee-oil.  * 

n^^ong-oil. 

^QW  and  fat  li-otn  ilomestic  anirnalB,  (tallow,  auet,  lanl,  oil  used  in 
«uiip.H,  fur  liibrirating,  and  ncafH  I'oofcoil  used  in  dressing  loather; 
tUno,  uiaiiufiu^ured  into  variouH  substancea  (see  I),  30),  and  tal- 
low wmdli'.s  and  night-lights.) 
Oil  from  body  of  whales,  gnuupnses,  and  porpoises  used  in  tJie 
ortB,  for  lubricating,  painting,  &c, 

SS054.  Oil  of  humpbiurk  trbalo  ('.Vt^dpffrd,  up.)-    Atliintio  Ocoan.     ITavon, 

W'illiiiinntik  Co.,  New  L.ondoii,  Conn. 
SSOfiG.  Oil  uf  ^l^llt-whu]ft.     llavuii,  WilliamH  4&:Co.,  New  London,  Conn. 
S&OGG.  Oil  of  iinlphur-tK>ttom  wUalo  (SU/baldiu;  ap.).     Havon,  WilliamB  & 

Co.,  Now  London,  Conn. 
9B09B.  Oil  of  IxtlugA  ( IhiphinaptfTua  catodon).    RenlVew  &  Co.,  Qnoboo. 
M6Bi.  Cmdii  Arctic  wbalo  oil.     Oioorgc  Delano  &,  Co. 
MQOtk  Bleacbt>d  "winter"  apcrm-otl,  from  tho  tvporm-Trhalfl  (PAywtrr  mo- 

crwephalua).    Georgo  Delano  &  Co.,  Now  Ik^dfo^l.  Mom. 


224     ANIMAL  BESOUHCES  AND  ilSHERIES  OF  UNITEB  STATM. 


ITIaniinaB  oaBs, 

Oil  from  'wbalcs  and  porpoises. 

35743.  Oil  of  grampiiR  (Grampw  jpiaetm).     ExtrnrtMbyoxpomrvto  Uvi 

E.  E.  Small,  I'roviucutowD,  Mius. 
250C7.  Oil  of  gTam))iin  (Gmmpu»  gri$eu»y.     Extrftrtod  t>y  expOAun*  Id 

BUn.     Capt.  Calelt  Cttok,  NVw  licdfunl,  Ma«A. 
S5067.  Donbl«  n*finpil  nil  nf  gmnqniA  (tirampu.n  grintms).     Cape  Cod.    Ci 

Cttleli  Cook,  PrifVincetown,  Mnas. 

25737.  "Pri*s(*o<l"  oil   of  gnimpim  (f;r»H»|rt«  ^ri*nw).     E.  E.  StnAll, 
iucotowu,  Maw. 

S5067.  Oil  of  cowfish.     Capt.  N.  E,  Atvrood,  ProviiiOftowii,  Umsa. 
2.S958.  Oil  of  iMtrjwisP.     Mnnin  Hn>tb<T9  dc  l»rtrtl<»tl,  Portimumlli,  N.  H. 

25738.  Oil  o{ \nitritoiius(Logntorh^nrhuM  IvHcoplcuruf).     Kxtract<s2  hj  tj 
to  thn  Ann.     E.  E.  Smtvll,  Provincotowu,  Mutu. 

SS074.  on    of   porpoise     (DvlpkinHt    erfbmnvtr),       Capt.    N.    £.    At 

Province to\vn,  Ma^. 
1311G.  Oil  of  lmr1>or  jtorpoitiii  {Ph*>e*viia  amrritann).    Prcpnrrd  by  tb« 

maquoddy  Indiana.    Eowlport.  Mc.     Dr.  E.  PAlmnr. 
13115*    Oil  of  borbur  porpoise  (Phocana  imoptcaHtf).     Eiutport,  M^    tk. 

Palmer. 
S0037.  Oil  of  harbor  porpoiae  {Phoeana  amcricana).    Pa 

Maine,     ticorgc  H.  Pcal»ody,  EMtjinrt,  .Mn, 
SS739.  Oilof  aiinfrur'(rAooawa  amfritaua).     Extraotod  by  exposure  i^ 

ann.     E.  E.  Small,  ProTinretown,  Maaa. 
S4U03.  Crudo     '*body"-ail    from     wpvmi-whalc    (Pfty*ff<x 

G<*org<^  Delano  Jk.  Co.,  New  Bcdfi>nl,  Motia. 
SG07G.  Oil  of  black-nnli  {GUtbicrphaiiu  intermedw).     North 

Company,  WellBert,  Maaa. 
S5741.  Oil  of  black-liab  {GUfbicrphalut  aulat).     E.  E.  ginAU«  Provi 

Maaa. 
25064.  BaOnml  oil  of  Mack-6a)t  (GtMrrphaJuit  imh>trmfdim»y      Cop* 

Capt.  Caleb  Cook,  ProTiQooton'D,  Moat. 
85065.  DonbiA  ivflned  oil  of  blark-fl.<ib  ((;itf6toi3>AalM«  imterm'udim*'^     C* 

.Cod.     Capt.  Caleb  Cook,  Provincctown,  Maaa. 
£5977.  Oil  tmm  body  of  black-lish  {GlobioephalMt  auitea).     Capt.  N*  X 

wood,  Provinoetown,  Haaa. 

Blm^k-fisli  ami  porpoiso-jaw  oil  used  in  lubricating'  fine  znacbioei 
vaUibe^  dot^ks,  and  g:iinH,  with  specimens  of  Idubber, 

96749:  Oil  ttum  Ih!w1  of  black-Dsb  (GtitbitrnphntuM  mrUttX     £xtrsM!l«i|  I17 

poKUre  to  the  flun.     E.  E.  Small,  throviuc-  '  f  u«. 

flS068L  Oil  fhun  head  of  bUrk-fifOi  (Glcbieepkaliu  m 

jaw  oil."    Capt,  Cold*  Cook,  Provinccto 
95064.  Oil  from  bomlof  ti1nck-Bdb((?2ofrj«rpAal<i>  m 

jaw  oil.-'    Capt.  N.  E.  Atwoo*!,  Pniv 
S5900.  Oil  from  jaw  of  porpoiae.    Capt.  N.  E.  a 
8603&-C.  Oil  fnun  b<'ad  of  Itarbor-iMirpoiMt  (pkannm  mmutitmmm), 

qauddy  liay.     G«o.  A.  PrabCMly,  EaatpoAl,  Me^ 
96075.  Head-oU  of  block-dMb  (Ghbic^phaim  imiermeOimy    V«th  Avna 

Oil  Conipaoy,  WcUdcct.  Maaa. 
980S&.  Jaw<oil  of  jKirpoiso  ( Phoamm  ttmtritmmoy.    Fa— niMKiiMwIdj  fi«f<   ^ 

A.  Pralicljr,  EoAtport,  Mft. 
96066.  Jaw-oil  of  bUrk  Hib  {(ItobicrphAUt  iiU^rmOm^y    C^p*0«L   Of^ 

Catob  Cook,  Prorincotowu,  Mam. 


Black-fiflli  fuul  poqtoiKC  jaw  nil,  &c. 

"Javr-fHArrow"  of  M»ck-tSah  (Olohii»i}JtaiHfi  melat). 

Pr(»viufM'town,  Mnas. 
ItliiblnT  of  litiu^U-ti.Oi  and  (H'AniiMifl  {Globicrphaius  mcl(u  and  Gramput 

grUmii).     K.  E.  Hnmll,  Prov  inert  own,  Muss. 
''Atrlon"  bltibluTof  libuk-lUh  (Olobicephalui  oula*),    £.  £.  SuuUI, 

I'riivitHvritwii,  MUHH. 
"Mrlon  litulibor*'  of  lilacV-RsIt   (^OtcbifephalHS  intfrmcditu).     Cape 

CoU.    Capt.  Caleb  Cook,  ProvincAtown,  MaaH. 


fiflOfiO 


[Grarnpii8-oi1  used  for  lubricating  fine  niachincr>\ 


CftpK  Cod.    Cftpt. 


Mflou'*  bliibbf^r  of  jLH'^^iiip"^  (Gnimputi  griwHn)* 
CaU'b  CiMik.  Prorincclowii,  Mans. 
S&733.  Oil  innu  bund  of  graminut  {iirampun  ffrUcim),    Kxtniotvd  by  oxpottnro 
Ut  Ibe  sun.     E.  K.  Small,  Pruviiicetowu,  l[tut». 

[Sperm-oil  ased  in  lonii^H,  for  lubricating,  as  an  emolliont  in  medi- 
ciiio,  for  lip-salves,  uud  in  the  manufacture  of  spcnuaccti. 

S4902.  Cnido  "ln-ad"  Bpcrm-oil  from  sfH-rra-wbal**  (PAy«rf<rr  mmrroMfpto?!**). 

Georgt?  Delano  &  Co.,  New  Bedford,  Mum. 
35745.  Cnido  8iK<nn-tiil  from  e|irnii-whnbi  (/*Aj/*rfcfr  maorocephaliu).     E.  E. 

Suiiill,  ProviucMowo,  Mums. 

(Ji>erma<*oti,  with  specimens  of  candles. 

34e06.  Plain  rcflnod  Bpermaceti  from  sporm-whale  {Phyntor  macrocepkaiu*). 

Q*H\Ty,v  ni-lutifi  A'-  Co.,  Ni'W  Hi'dford,  M.oeui. 
91807.  8pcrmA£eti  candtua.    O«or:ga  Dehuio  &.  Co.^  New  Bedfbnl,  Mam. 

mufartiired  glycerines,  used  as  a  preservative  and  antiseptic,  aa 
a  cosmetic,  as  an  emollient,  as  a  substitute  for  cod-liver  oil,  in  tlio 
maDnfacturo  of  nitro-glycerine,  d^Tiamite,  dualinc,  liUiofractcur, 
rioniamite,  and  other  exidosives,  soup,  &c. 

SC7W.  Par©  inodorona ^jlyccriiic.    ^kfaDufnctnrud  by  11.  Bower,  Pbiladclpbio. 
John  Wyctb  &  liro.,  PUilndolpbia. 

tnfkKrtnred  «tearines,  with  eandloa  and  other  mannfactured  ar- 
iclf«. 

Boaf>«  mAnuraeturtHl  from  maininal  oil,  soda-soaps  (hard,  toilet,  and 
('  sill  8oap»),  pota.sh-soaps  (washing,  shaving,  and  soft  soaps)^ 
■  '      '  -  '  Ti  plaster,  &«, 
}\\  li^  from  rnilk  of  cow«,  goats,  and  horses. 

Ol  rinert,  with  speein»ens  of  imitation  butter. 

Uui'ii^  ••>  I'utfalo  used  in  tannrug  by  Indians. 

'     '  '    and  other  sea  birds  used  by  Eskimos  and  in  tho 

nip.yil.) 

Itnll.  N.  M.  No.  14 15 


226      ANIMAL  RESOURCKS  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  8TATKA. 

Bird«oil«. 

Goose-oil  iiBC<l  by  watch-malcers,  aud  aa  &d  cmoUtct^t. 
Oil  ot*  iiij^uoD  {Eotopistes  migr<Uor\M)^  usud  ua  food  by  Twlian^  and 
llrouUerHuieii. 


:eptile«oiBs. 

Alljgtttor-oil  mannfactiircd  in  Florida. 

248*>8.  Oil  of  alligator  {.UliQator  wUtiimip^tntU),    Pmpared  \xs  CoL  1* 
Hurdoii,  JiiokHouvillo,  Fla.     iJr.  W.  H.  nubtHirlc. 

Turtle-oU  made  from  tiirtlc-cggs,  used  in  dressing  loatlicr  and 

tnannfiu^tiiro  of  soap. 
Tiattlosuako  ami  otlwn-  Kniiko  oils. 

Sun-Uali  oil  used  by  fisbormcu  for  euro  of  rbeuiuatism« 

35T34.  Oil  from  liver  of  sim-fiah  (i/irild  rotuniUi').    Ex1mct«d  Uy  oxponov 

tlM«  Aim.     E.  K.  811111II,  rri^viurtitiiwii,  Maw. 
£5959.  Oil  fironi  lin-r  of  Auu-liab  {Mula  rolMitdu).    Morviu  Urothcn  & 

loll..  Port«iuoiitii,  N.  H. 
250(30.  Oil  frniii  liver  uf  tiun-fiolt  (UoU  rofwmla).     Cn^r.    N.   i^  Ati 

Pcuvincetovrn,  Mam. 

Oil  from  liver  of  the  cod  ikniily. 

£5062.  Oil  fmin  Hvor  nf  tMid-Ouk  {Gadat  murrAiia),  crude.     Caj^.  N. 

wuocl,  Proviucct^wn,  Muasi. 
35900.  Liver-oil  of  ciHl-dsli  {Oadiu  morrkua).    Marvin  Drolhoni  A,  Wajti* 

PortBUiunth.  N.  U. 
S3550.  Oil  Irtuu  liv«>r  uf  ood-flnb  {Gadu*  tuorrAtta).    HcTlKui  M«  Uodgon  * 

Co.,  U  Fulton  MtirUtt,  Ndw  York. 
2(>551.  Oil  IVom  Uror  of  cwUtlab  {<Jadu»  morrkua).    Herbert  M.  ttod^Bis  A 

Co.,  New  York. 
2tj707.  Puro  rod-liver  oil.     Prrjmroit  for  nKslie-lnal  luo  only,  hf  Mu^ia, 

UrotboTi,  PorUuioiitb,  y.  11,    .lohii  Wvnib,  I'hilfliletphia. 
If59b5.  Medieiual  oil  fnmi  livers  of  nul-IIbh  (f''i<(H«  tnorrkmt),     Capi.  K. 

Alwootl,  Pruvi]icrt4»wii,  Mum. 
S50Q1.  8t4'uriTii^  fmni  Iiver-4)il  of  ond-nMb(fr(H}»«nu>rrAua).    Marvin  bnrt] 

4:  Uartltfte,  rorUmoiith,  X.  H. 
S50ro«  Oil  from  liver  of  eusk  {Bronmiua  rtilffaria).     Copl.  N.  £.  ACwi 

Pro\incHown,  Ha»w. 
25730.  Oil  from  liver  of  bake  <  PhyoU  chtut).    Extnuitcd  hy  — lirtfn  to 

auu.    E.  E.  Samll,  Provinovtown.  Mum. 
25733.  0X1  from  livi.tr  uf  liiHldottk  {MvtnnogrtxmmuM  n   '  ^-  *'^tzAe(#d 

expOMurn  to  tb(>  atin.     E.  E.  Smull,  Trovi 
S&D781.  Oil  from  liver  of  liuddock  {^cfan0fframmtu  ag-'^ni**y.     L'a|it.  K. 

Atwifod,  I'roviiioetuwn,  Maas. 
35071.  Oil  fniui  livrrnf  jtoUuek  (raUachiuuM  mrhonarim*).     Cttpt.  TT.  %. 

vnod,  I'ri>vlncelown,  Mum. 
23TiO.  Oil  from  llvrr  of  polloi^k  (T\>aacMaHJi  farX'onan  -ftol«4 

uxpovuui  to  lliv  iniL    K.  £*  Snail,  PmviaMio  < 


J 


AimUL  BESOUHCES  AND  FISnERtES  OF  UNITED  8TATF^.      227 


i»b-oil». 

Hrrrinc  ftil. 

V  Ii  oil,  ' 

,141  ^i-'iii-oil. 

ruhiulen-oil  nR«l  in  carryinpf  leiitlier,  in  rope  making?,  for  lubri- 

cutiii;?,  for  afluItATatinf,'  lins)H.Hl-oiK  at*  a  paint-oil,  and  exported  to 

foniHii  in  tlui  nianiifiU'tin'ii  of  Boup  and  lor  HUicurin^^  Klieep, 

on  of  menhaden  {Drcroortia  tynuinu).     Geo.  W.  micA,  Mnfcml, 

Conn. 
t&744.  Oil  of  pogip  or  nirnlm4len    {BrctvortUt   tyranttun),   kcttlo-roudcred. 

E.  E.  Small,  T'rorincoto\rn,  Hmsh.  , 

fifi077.  OU  of  |>A^io  or  luonhatleu  {Brtcaortia  tyraunun).     North  American 

Oil  Company,  Wolliltt't,  Maes. 

OJl  ctt  other  fishes. 

S&U7U.  OU  of  buno-DUiokercl  (Orryffwa  itfCHndldorttihtt),    Capt.  N.  E.  Atwood, 

Pmvinct'towii,  MiuiM. 
lifin.  Oil  nf  Iwrriiijj;  (t'tupat  hitrmt/vfi).     f'npt.   U-  9.  Tn-at,  En^Itwirt,  Me. 
ItfllCf.  OU  from  Lilco  h1  iiTKt'<*"  i^i<tju''nfr  ruh'nunduM),    Lake  Erie.     8rli:irlit 

*  Bm».,  Huutltisky,  Oliio. 
9QfltJ0.  OU  Irum  Uvlt  nf  uitukim^l-tiliark  (Uuroptit  Delayi).     Capt.  N.  K. 

Atwood,  Proviut't'towu,  Mace- 
8S07&.  Oil  fttitu  Uwr  of  tUrcether-iiliurk  {Jlofitaa  culjm).    Capt.  N.  E.  Atwood, 

I'nivinrelowu,  Mums. 
)t5tti6.  Oil  from  liver  of  dog-ttHh  {Squalua ameriMHus).    Marion  Broa.&  Bort- 

lelt,  TorUmonth,  N.  H. 
85081.  Oil  from  liver  <>f  do^f-DiOi  {Stjualtm  AjN<n'aiftii«).    Capt.  N.  E.  AtwocMl, 

ProviiicetowTi,  &Iii(m. 
flSOCiT.  Oil  front  liver  nf  nk.-ileH  (liaia  taerijt,  &.c.).    Marion  Droa.  &,  Bartlott, 

rnrlsuioiitli,  N.  H. 
SROTo.  Oilfrom  livemf  <'rump-fi«h(3Vr/Kv/<>(ier(rf«if«/it).    Ci^.N.E. Atwood, 

Provinr.etown,  MofiB. 
25735.  Oil  from  liver  of  cnimp-flali(roi3wrfo««(*/«ir*I(>).    E.  E.  Small,  Prov- 

itieet'twti,  Mfuu, 
99978.  Bwurd-iiHli  oil.     C»J>U  N.  E.  Atwood, Provincctown,  Maw. 
anWV.  MacVer<d-oU.  "  ** 

BOWO.  8kuU^-oi1.  "  " 

Wl»fl.  Hnlibm-«U.  "  " 

OuU<;bau  oil  usod  by  Indiana  of  NortUwost  coast  for  food  and  illu- 
miuution. 

fluide  ttom  CUb-oil. 

28.  Perpitmes, 

mnial  perf^itnen, 

Mnnk  of  iuiiHk-<ix. 

,of  itii'  nniNipia.sh. 
!>ani  of  the  iM'uver,  inclnding*  the  various  commercial  gradcfly 
tli«  Oanndion,  HudHou*H  Bay,  and  UuHHian  cu8toremn,  and  upeoi- 
mem  of  castorlnc. 


90037.  Seent-glondtt  of  bearer  (CtuforoantuftrntinJ. 
M.  I).,  Droot/yu,  N.  V. 


Nobronka.    E.  U.  &v^V\)l^, 


228      ANIMAL  HESOUaCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 


L 


IVIaniinal  pcrAiines. 

H>Taceum  of  tlie  daman  {Ilprajn  capcnaUt), 

Ambergris  of  sperm-whale,  witli  Hpeoimens  of  ambrcino, 

'^>81M.  AmlM^rgrifl  (commercial).    Weeks  Pott«r,  Boston. 

Reptile  perfhinies* 

MiiKk  of  alligiitor. 

Oil  of  UawksbiU  and  loggerhead  turtles,  nscd  in  perfninexy. 

29.  Coi.ono^a  aiAXEiixALij. 

Derived  IVom  niniiinials. 

Bone-black. 

Ivory -black  (noire  (rh'oirc)^  used  in  fine  painting,  and  in  the  moai 

fiictnre  of  bank-note  ink. 
Prussiates,  priissiau  blue^  ferrooynnido  of  potassium^  mailc  froi 

lioofs  and  r^'fiise  huiiian  and  other  hiiir. 

S0093.  RimI  prnwinto  nf  ]mtfiKAa  {Pat<u»ium  /mrtxyanidn).     K.  R.  8qnil»b» 

n.,  nro«Ulyn,  N.  Y. 
SG094.  Yi^llon-  pruB!tintv  of  potnaea  (Potiurium  femxyanide),     B.  ft.  ^\ixi\ 

M.  v.,  Brooklini,  N.  T. 
96794.  YpUhw  imiHsinto  of  potash.     Mnnnfactimx!  by  H.  Bower, 

(li>tphia.    John  Wyclli,  PhiLoilolpbia. 

Gall  of  animals  used  in  dyeing. 

Dnnj;:  of  animal»  used  in  <»aIieo-printinfj. 

n;pmatin  niade  from  blood,  and  used  in  tnrkey-rc<!  dycworkiij 

for  the  red  liquor  of  printerK. 
Wfx>l-tiocking  (see  under  D,  21). 

Derived  IVom  birds* 

Shell  of  eggs  used  for  white  pigment. 

Series  of  murexides  or  puriuirato  of  ammonia  dycSj  msMle 
guano. 

20005.  Miiw xia.    Propaivd  by  E.  Merck,  Dannatedt.    E.  tt.  S(}nibb,  Jt^ 
Broiikljni,  N.  Y. 

Deri  veil  A-oiii  li*«he*«. 

Easenco  d'Orient,  or  fit^hstcale  pearl,  used  as  a  pigment, 

20863.  Ewftnce  d'OHfmt.    Introduced  fur  coinpariwiQ.    OiMlarB 

Paris. 

(Gall  of  ear|>,  used  in  Turkey  as  a  green  paint  and  !o  stoinini;  rApwJ 

k Derived  A*oin  inMeefs. 
(Cochineal  dye,  Trtym  Coeeun  cacti  of  Mexico,  u»od  iu  mannfiM^bin*  oi 
L         rougo,  of  carmine,  and  lake  pigments,  and  in  coloring  tinctons.] 
■  96004.  HonduruA  «nvcT  cocbinoal.    K.  B.  &(iutbb,  On>oUytt,  K.  r 


ANUUI.  RESOURCES  JiSV  F16UKBIKS  OF  UNITED  STATES,      229 


rriTed  fVom  initects. 

C«nfldiikn  cocliiuoal. 

(Kunnwj  and  other  cochiaeals  of  commerce,  Cocctta  Utch.) 

l.ac  dyo  and  lou  luko,  £rom  Coccttn lacca^  Cpotontais,  C.  uva-ttraij  and 

OphiJi  fatter. 
Dye  prvparo*!  fi-om  Iwdbug  {Chnex  lei'tulnritts), 
(Uyw  prcjiarcd  Xwm\  Tromhidlum^  in  Guinea  and  Surinam.) 
Kat';;alU  pro^luce^l  by  iu.sect.s,  and  used  iu  tAuniug  tor  black  dyes, 
for  woolou  elotli.  isilk,  and  culicu,  and  in  niauutaetnrc  of  iuk  and 
trallic  and  |>yroju:allic  acid,  employed  iu  pUotograpUy. 

derived  IVom  inollu«tkN.^ 

{Sepia  from  Sepia  offlcinalia.) 

Purple  dyi^is  from  gasteroi>ods,  MwcjCy  Vurpttra^  &o, 

Purjdo  dye«  ftom.  uudibrancti  moUusks. 

CHEMICAl-  PBODrCTS  AAT>  AGENTS  EMPLOYED  IN  ARTS  AND  MEDI- 
CINES. 

irrivr<I  fVom  inaninialM* 

SSocivtiun  uf  skunk. 

^l/6ffi;i  grwcum  of  dogH  used  as  a  dejiilatory  in  tanning  bides. 

All'umt'n  of  bloml,  employed  in  **ut;iir-rennenes,  in  certain  eemcDts 

sind  pi^nnent:^,  and  as  an  antidote  and  emollient. 
I>ung,  Uited  in  calico  printing. 
liall  i»f  animals,  used  iu  mixing  colorSy  in  fixing  tbe  line^<i  of  crayon 

and  pencil  drawings,  in  preparing  the  sui'tace  of  ivory  for  ]>ainL- 

ing,  in  removing  grease^  and  in  medicine. 
Pejt^ine  and  pancreatin,  prepared  fiom  stomach  of  hogs  and  calves. 

967U0.  Bucc'liamtod  pc^wiii.     JnUn  W}ctU  Sc  lira.,  I'UUadclphia. 

10C795.  Puiii*r(Mitiii,M»or)inriitcd.  '*  " 

2£i9ti4.  PuccliArinc  ]n.>pHin.     K.  i^i-hftflVT,  Loiiifn'Ulc,  Ky. 

3&'JC:(.  Dry  popHlu  (conoentr:it*d).     K.  St'hartiT,  Loumille,  Ky. 

tfidai.  Piiiv  |M'i)Klti.    E.  SchttdV-r,  I-rtoisvillis  Ky. 

292U2.  Aciil  ]tboNpho-laRtJit«  ur  iiiilU-|»hrRipbut«\     Prvpurcil  directly  from 

uiUk,  \iy  (jaii  liurUua  &r  Co.     New  York  ConUuutteil  Milk  Coiuiwny^ 

Nvw  York. 

rrivrcl  fVoin  iBi*«ec(fit. 

Coceiwlltt,  uBod  as  reHie4ly  for  toothache. 

(TrcbaUi,  inmle  fmm  uc^tts  of  beetles  {fjarinns  nidificans),  of  Kast 

I    '        '  iid  u»ed  for  a  substitute  fur  tapiocii.) 
Fo.         .    .1. 
CartMUotic  acid  and  itn  derivatives,  made  from  sewing-silk  scmps, 

anil  mted  an  a  snlwtirute  for  rininine. 


htHt  iu  Part  IJ  ul*  tbo  protwul  OftUdogue. 


230      ANIMAL  RES0CRCE3  AKD  FI8HEHIES  OP  CHITED  STATEa 

Bocswax,  iiseU  in  mannraotnre  of  candles,  ceratca,  pliistor», 

iiititicial  liowcrs,  in  modcliiij;  ftu<l  ousting,  anil  in  moiliriue, 
lloiHW,  used  as  -A  ]>r(\scrvativ'c,  u  food,  aud  iu  medicine  uji  uii  »\ 
nent  aud  demulctiut 

I'JOTG.  Sngur  miMlc  of  ciiuc-Iice.    rropaiivl  by  the  Coojmwe*  tniUnnii,  ]*ji>> 
laid  Lnko^  Nt>vnda.     Ht^ptn^u  Kuwrr«. 

(Wax,  used  in  Cbiue^e  pharinaoy,  Recret<?d  by  the  Corewt  pfkhh.) 

(a',  ^anna  from  tlio  Tamtirh^  manni/craf  iuhhI  »»  food,  and 

uuMliein."  as  a  piir^cativi?. 
b'.  Cedar  manua  tVom  Moiiut  Lobaiion,  IrompMicf*  r^'drmm 
c*,  Arabian  manna,  of  Jledyttarum  alliafft.) 
(Eye-powder,  made  by  CluD(58e  fi-om  tbeTeliui  fly  {Mxflabtiit  cai'uir 
of  India.) 

Derii^cd  IVoiii  luaiunials. 

(Konniiss,  a  fermented  U<|Uor,  prepared  from  marc's  aiideow*s 

aud  employed  iu  medieiues.) 
Pbospbonitt,   piepared   from  1>oni>Sf  with  speejmetka  of  moi 

vermin  poinous^  and  otber  produeU. 
Vueeiue  Hmpb^denved  from  cows. 
Ammonia,  prepared  fmm  Lones  and  Iioni. 
Sal  uTiwnoniae,  prepansl  from  bones  and  dnn^. 
]*mssiates,  prepared   i>t>m   liixtf,  born,   aiid   leutbor  waMo,  A\ 

btood,  bair,  and  >vool,  wiib  specimens  of  bt yaniUo  of  \*(i\ 

Hium.    (See  under  Coloring  ^Interiuls.) 
Limofi-om  bones  and  Iwjne  pbospbatem.     (S<a%  also,  uiulm'  ^"2.) 
l*unk  and  tinder^  made  from  droppin;;Hof  eamol  and  biH<iti, 
Auimal  cbareoal,  used  as  a  deculorizcr. 

Derived  IVoiii  bsrdiv. 

Albumen  of  ei^gs,  U8e<l  iu  pbotojfrapby,  >»  clariO^wg  liquors, 
pbysicians  :m  emoUientJS  and  anttibttes,  and  by  apotUecoru-s 
KU8pi'ndin(;  oils  and  other  li^piiilH  in  watt^r. 

E;;gshell8,  employed  as  an  autaeid. 

Derived  IVom  reptiBew. 

<Yotalin  of  rattlesnake  and  ropi>erbead. 
[ScincuH  ojfiriualitt  of  E^jypt,  used  by  Kuropeon pmctkioiMtYi i 
rifle  and  slimulmd.) 

Derived  IVom  fi^heft. 

Prupybimiue,  made  fiiuu  flKlibriue. 


SCWO.  Propyliiniino    (ni> 
ftpublj,  M.  I).,  : 


N.  Y. 


I 


AKIIIAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.      231 

Jkciired  IVom  liiihes* 


(InteHtine^  of  grayling,  nscd  by  Laplanders  as  a  substitute  for 
8kiii«  of  eels,  used  by  negroes  for  rbeuuiuUsm, 


Derived  fVroin  insects. 

Ve«k'4itoo*  pR'parations  from  American  beetles,  Cantkarts  cinerea 

Olid  C.  Titiaia, 
V'cfiieatory  preparatiouH  derivwl  innn  foreign  lieetles,  cantlim-ides 

or  8pauiHh  lli<>H  {CanthariH  rexuxitoria}^  and  other  sjhm'U'k,  and 

substitntes,    Mylabris    eichorii,    Cercoma    Schcrfferiy   Melw^^   sp., 

var.,  &c. 
Vi^catoiy  preparations  from  Americau  spiders,  sucli  Jis  Tegenaria 

medicinaliH. 
OaU-nutj!i^  used  in  medieinc  (see  under  29). 

'rlTed  fVoEu  crtiittacea. 

Salve  hug  of  tisheaTaen  of  Banks  [Califf^ts  cnritts)^  parasite  on  cod" 

Crab«*  eyes,  or  concretions  from  stoiiiacli  of  u«ta4;us,  used  as  an 
itucid. 

iTcd  fVom  worms. 

American  leecli  {Mdcrohdella  rf/?«)rff), used  in  fmrprery. 
(Kumpeau  leccli  {Hirutio  meflichuttift)^  iutro<iiiccd  into  America.) 
(African  leech  {Hirudo  frocA/nrt),  iutrodnced.) 
Lccclies  used  as  barometers. 


DrriTrd  fVont  mollnKks. 


I 
I 


lish  bone  of  Stpia  offlcimjlin.)     (See  under  D,  ITT,  II.) 
<I  shells,  used  tor  building  lime  and  in  mannlaftun:  of  dcati- 
IViecs  and  cuameJ.    (Site  undei-  D,  III,  H.) 


Derived  IVoiii  radiates. 

0.  Limes,  derived  from  caJdning  coral  and  coral  rock. 

Derived  fVoau  protozoans. 

Burnt  sponge,  formerly  U8e<l  in  medicine. 

InAisonal  earth  and  its  applications.    (Sec  above  under  C) 


3L  Febtilizbqs. 


atnral  g^iianon. 


15al  RTiano  from  caves. 

iilrd  giianu  i'rum  oceauio  islands. 


232     A2iIMAL  BESOURCES  AND  FI8HEBIE8  OF  UKITED  8TATS& 

Artificial  irvtanos. 

Menhaden  guano, 

Series  of  preparations  illustrating  the  manufactoie    of  soluble 

Pacific  guano.    Soluble  Pacific  Gnano  Company,  Wood's  Holl, 

Mass.^ 

S6104.  Crude  South  Carolina  phosphate. 

25313, 26103.  Cnishetl  South  CaroUua  phosphate*. 

2G102.  Ground  South  Carolina  phosphate. 

26100.  Crude  Navassa  phosphate.    Narassa  Island,  W.  I. 

26101.  Sicily  sulphur,  used  iu  manofactore  of  sulphuric  acid,  naed  in  &o- 

tory, 
2C099.  Stassfnrth  kainite,  used  in  preservation  of  scrap. 
2601)5.  Crudo  menhaden  scrap. 
26097.  Menhaden  scrap,  dried  by  the  Hogle  patent  drying-machine. 

26095.  S»»luble  Pacific  guaao  (unscreened). 

26096.  Soluble  Pacific  guano  (screened). 

Other  preparations.^ 

26062.  Island  guano.    Geo.  W.  Miles,  Milfoil,  Conn. 

26061-3.  Amnioniated  bone  superphcraphato.    Geo.  W.  Miles,  Miiford,  Conn. 

22246.  Leoitoldshall  kainite.    Winfield  S.  Donau,  Baltimore,  MtL 

Dried  meat  and  blood. 
Dried  blood. 

2^?jO.  Black  dried  blood.     Contaius  16  per  cent,  ammonia.     Winfield  S. 

Diiuini,  Baltimore,  Md. 
2*2240.  Blaek  bUMul-dust.      Coutaius  12  per  cent,  ammoui.i.      AVinlu'ld  S. 

Dimau,  IJalfimore,  Md. 
22'-Ml.  R('<1  blood-duHf.     Cniitaiim  14  per  ceut.  of  animouia.     \Viulifld  S. 

Diiiian,  Ualtiiiinre,  Md. 
2204ii.  Mixed  drifd  blimd.     CniifaiuMabont  13  per  cent,  of  ammonia.     AViu- 

ticbl  S.  Duiiau,  Ualtinmn',  Md.  * 

22243.  B'lHid,  bone,  and  meat  tankaj;e,     Coutaius  about  i»..'>0  per  cent,  of 

aumionia  and  24  i>er  cent.  boue-i)hospbato  of  lime.  Winlifld  S. 
]>itnan,  Italtiinore,  Md. 

22244.  Azotiu.     Conlaiiis  about  11  per  cent,  of  ammonia,  and  is  made  from 

wliat  arr  known  as  "butcher's  era<-klinj;s'' — the  ^rase  lia\iu<; 
biMMi  jm-Hsi'd  out,  tlie  scrap  is  dried  :uid  ground.  AVinficId  .S. 
]>nnan,  Haltinion-,  Md. 

22245.  Sulphaii'  of  ammonia.     Contains  about  25  jKsr  ceut.  of  ammuuia. 

Wintield  H.  Uuuau,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Poudrcttes, 

OthtT  animal  fertilizers. 

:\2,  LiMKS.     (Sec  under  30.) 

o3.   OtIIKU   MATKKIALS   not   ^fEXTIONED. 


'  An  elabonitc  nmdel  of  the  w<trks  of  tbe  ."Soluble  Piwific  Gnano  Comi>au.T  of  Wo<Mr8 
HoW,  Mass.,  and  Charleston,  S.  C,  is  on  exhibition  iu  the  grounds  of  the  Exposition. 


vaovH  OP  1 

>r  work« 

\  ]  fi.initns  for  colic  "tiii^  siK'i'iincns.    (Sec  under  B.) 
\|'i».a:jtus  for  pliysi<'-iil  rt'searcli. 
Appliauces  for  working  up  r(?«ults. 

TltU  31U011I1I  tuoluflo  u  uiudul  uf  uuusl  laboratory  with  all  its  fittings. 

J'Uoto^rapUK.' 

401.  Heodquftrtorei  of  tho  Uuitcd  States  Fiab  Conuniaaion,  Wood'a  Hull, 

MflM. 

400.  Littlo  Harbor  of  Wood's  Uoll,  Mas*.,  witli  headquarters  of  U.  S.  Kiah 

CninmtHsiuu. 
390.  IlarUur  ul  WcmmI's  Hole,  Mn6S.,  from  ilie  wharf  of  the  Fish  Commis- 

sioti  lalfonitory. 
see.  llarboi  of  Wtiud's  Hollf  Mms.,  with  U.  U.  Fiah  Commisaion  fleet  for 

1U7I. 
307.  VUlo^o  of  Wimd'a  Hull,  Mawi.,  with  the  rocifio  Soluble  Guano  Com- 

puny'H  Wiirks. 
404.  Yiu'ht  "Mazoppu,"  omployod  in  tho  scrvloe  of  the  U.  8.  Fish  Com- 

uisaloti. 
403.  U.S.st4«anicr  **Itlii«  Ltj;ht''  at  tbu  nharf  of  the  U.  6.  Fish  Commia- 

ftiuii.  WfKMl'M  Hull,  Ma«M. 
40s.  VlllsKD  uf  WmKl'd  Hull,  Mhhs.^  showing  moratory  of  U.  8.  Fish 

CominiMiuu. 

tte«nlt«  or  w«>rk. 

1-  Ueportfi  of  Uio  CommiBsion. 

ll'jcrrKD  ftTATT-i  <:oMwtsfluix  nv  Fisn  AND  Fisumirs.     Patit  I.— RF.ronT 

Itn    THK    COKniTlOK    or    TIIR    ftJA-FIAtlEItlFfl    HV    TIIK    SOt'Tn    COAST     OV 

Nrw  E-v*ii^ND  IN  l^71  A.xi>  \f^'i.  1*3' Hpcuctr  F.  Uturd,  (Jonuui»sl"tii*r. 
With  »ii]ipl«MiiPiiLary  piipvrs.  Wunliin^tuu:  Gavi!rtiin(Mit  Frintiiig-OQlco, 
IKT:).  Hyo,  xltii,  8D*J  ]»p.,  4i)  pi.,  witii  38  explauutory  (to  pi.  1-38).  1 
folded  map.) 

L  KrrnitT  ov  tku  Commissiokeu  (8.  F.  Balnl).    pp.  vii- 

n.  OKNKItAl,  PI.AX  OF  INQUIRIES  rBOSECUTED.  (1.  MkM- 
OK.\M»A  OK  IN»)rntY  J(KI-\TIVi;  TiJ  Tin:  KOni>-K18III-W 
iiV  TIIF.  rXITFD  STATES,  i.  QrESTlONS  UKLATIVK  It) 
TIIK    rouU-riHIIlCS  OF   TIIK    L'MTED  STATKS.  )       pp.  1-U. 

iMtriMMiiuiit  ruled  wuru  on  exhUiltioit.    Many  others  nruiutbit  inis- 

'    'tiiiiuiHNlllOf 

I .,  with  gnuui-al  tUto-page  (pp.  i-xlvU)|  was  issued  iu  advance  seiwrately. 


234     ANIMAL  EBSOUBCES  AND  FISHEBIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Results  or  work. 

1.  Bcports  of  the  Commission. 

(United  States  Commission  of  Fibh  and  Fishkbies.    Pabt  I.) 

III.  Testimony  in  regard  to  thk  present  condition  of 

THE  nsiiEiuEs,  taken  IN  1871.    pp.  7-72. 
lY.  Special  aroumevts  in  regard  to  kegulating  thi 

SEA-FISIIERIES  DY  Ij^W.     pp.  75-103. 

y.  Beportb  of  State  commissions  in  regard  to  iu:Gr- 

LATING  THE  SEA-FISIIERIES.      ])p.  104-124. 

VI.  Bbport  of  conference  of  the  United  States  Com* 

MIS6I0NEH   WITH   THE   COMMISSIONERS  OF  RlIODE  ISL- 
AND AND  ^Iassacuusetts,  held  October  5^  1871.    fnp. 
13&-131. 
Vn.  Dbauoht  of  law  proposed  for  tiie  considfhatiox 

OF,  AND  ENACTMENT  BT,  THE  LEGlSLATfRES    OF    MAS- 
SACHUSETTS, Khode  Island^  and  Connecticut,    pp. 
133-134. 
VIII.  Miscellaneous  correspondence  ANDCoararNTCATioNfl 

ON  THE  SUBJECT  OF  THE  SEA-FISHERIBS.      pp.  i;^-!^!*. 

,  DC.  European  authorities  on  the  subject  of  begclat- 

ZNG  THE  FISHERIES  DA'  LAW.      pp.  139-148. 

X.  Notices  in  regard  to  the  abundance  of  fi&h  on  tke 

New  England  coast  in  former  times,    pp.  14t>-17:i 

XI.  Statistics   of   fish   and  fisheries    ox    itie    soi'in 

shore  of  New  England,    pp.  173-lril. 
XII.  Supplementary  testimony  and  information  reia< 

TIVE    TO   THK    CONDITION'    OF   THE    FlSIII'niKS    OK     TlIK 
SOUTH    SIDE  OF   Ni:\V  ENGLAN1>,    TAKKN    IX    1S7-,'.      j.p. 

182-11)5. 

XIII.  Plkadincs  niiroRE  the  sfnatk  roMMiTTK.r.  o\  n-iii- 

KUiKS  OF  Tin:  liiioDE  Island  i.kiiisi.auki:,  at  it< 

.TANrAKY  SESSION  OF  187*,'.      pp.  V.M'f-'J'IT. 

XIV.  XaTCRAL   IlIMOKY   OK    SOME    OF  THK    .MOl'j:     IMpiHtTANT 

FOOD-FISHKS  OF  THK   SOITH  SlUHtK  (iF  \r\V  KNijI.AM*. 

(viz:  tilt'  Scup  (Sienotonmit  fir(}ftrnpn),  ami  tin*  l>lii<--ti<«h 
{I'v»iaiomii)t  tuOlutris).  p]).  '^JH-iio2. 
XV.  1)ksci:iiti»>n  ok  aitakatis  iskd  in   CAiTtinNti  ii^ii 

ON  THK  SKA-COAST  AXI>  KAKKS  OK  THK   rXITKIl   ^^1  AT  I  v 

pp.  i*r>3-'JT4,  with  lU  (l-l'Jj  ti;;s.,  ami  pi.  ^inaps*  \x\ix 
and  xl,  iuul  laijx*'  I'oliU'd  map. 
XVI.  List  ok  i-atkxts  (;iianti:i>  iiy  the  T*xiti:i>  Siatk<  tm 

THK   KNI>    OK    l.-*7:i  loU    INVKNTIONS   CoNNKCU:i>    \lini 
THE    CAl'TCIJi:,  VTII.IZATIOX.  »m   CriTIVATI*>N    OF   H-H 
AND  MAKINK  ANI.MAI.S.       pp.  liT-VlJ^^U. 
XVII.    LlM"    OK    THK    SKA-WKKDS     OR     MARINT    AI.O.K     Of     INK 

sorrii  COAST  ok  Xkw  Kxglanh.     Iiy  W.  (i.  I*'jirl<>»». 
M.  I),     pp.  •>l-',*'.»4. 

XVIII.  RkPoKT  VI'ON  thk  INVK-RTKBRATE  ANIMAI-S  OF  Vl\K- 
YAi:i>  SOI'NI)  AND  THK  AIMACKXT  WAr!:itS.  WITH  A.V 
ACCOUNT  OF  TIIE  PHYSICAL  CHaRACTKR  OF  TIH:  RE- 
GION.   By  A.  E.  VcniU.    pp.a95-77»,  witlipl.i-xixviu. 


BBS0URCE8  AND  FI8B£BIK8  OF  UNITED  STATES.      235 


>nlt«  orwork. 

1*  Kcports  of  tho  Comiuission. 

(UXtlXO  &TATEA  CO&TMISSION  09  PiSH  AXD  FlSHF.ninS.      PAllT  I.) 

XrS.  CATAr/>«rB  OF  thk   rrRiiES  of   tqe   east  coabt  or 

NoiiTil  America.     Hy  TlnvMloro  (Ull.    pp.  TTiMiaS. 
XX.  List  op  Fisinis  coLLrcnci*  at  Wood's  Hoi.i.  (between 
.luno  20  anil  Ocfobi-r  4).    lly  S.  V.  BuirtL    pp.  ft>:MOT. 

TaIILE    of    TKMFtUATCRKS     OK     THE     LlTrLK     llAnUnR, 


XXI. 


TO 


XXII. 


Wood's  Uoix,  SIas^s.,  from   Jamjauy  1,   167a, 
pECEMnBR  :U,  IP73.    jip.  ?^2rt-8:U. 
List  or  lu-usTBATioys.    p.  ti;J3. 
XXin.  Oexkral  I3CDKX.    pp.  635-858. 
tJxim>8TATrA  Commission  ok  Fisa  ani>  Fihuhrikh.    Part  U.— Ukpobt 
OF  Tire  CowMtssioxEU  ion  I'fl'-i  and  1^73.    A.— !NguiitY  into  tub  de- 
(KAse  or  Foon-Fisiiiis.     B. — Tde  puopaoatiox  of  food-fishes  IX 
re  WaTBBS  of  tuk  UwiTcn  Stati^ji.     By  SpflniM:;r  F.  Dainl,  ComtniB- 
■fiiiHT.     Willi  iiuitpIeoicutAry  papers.     Washington:  GovcruDUUt  Pxlut- 
In^-officc.    \f^i. 

Kr.ronT  of  Tiin  CoMMissio.Nnri.     (Talilo  of  contvute  pnicpdi*  report.) 
Arpuxuix  A. — The  FisBcftms  of  the  gosat  lakes  and  tub  sPEcisa 
or  CoBEOORUs  OK  Whiti:msit. 

I.  Ri:i'orts  OX  the  nsHERiKft  or  thk  orkat  lakf-S;  ram 
RF-stxT  OF  rxQrncits  ruo8rri;TED  in  1371  axd  IfflS. 
By  James  W.  Miln^r.     (Table  of  rontcnto  on  p.  77.) 

IL   Ml!*CKLLA?IKOU9     NOTKS    AND     COURESrONDENCE     RELA- 

TrVK  TO  THE  W^iimiFiffn.    pp.  70-88. 
Affkxmx  n.— TnK8Ai.Mi>x,i7a>THrTKOUT(8peci«ioftUo5a/iiitf).  p.89. 
Ill,  Ox  THE  Ntxrrri  AMr-RiCAX    »FR<*rca  of  8au«on   axd 
TnoitT.      By  (Jeorjje  Siickloy,  Surgeon  Unit*<l  Strttea 
Aniiy   (writu>n   in   leVl).      p.   91.      Tabulated  list   of 
•prritMt,  pp.  92-Ki&, 
Tub  8almox  of  the  Da:<ijbe,  ok  the  Uucho  {&ilmo 
hncho).  avd  its  ixtkopcctiox  lnto  Amkricax  wateba. 
By  llmli.lph  HtvwH.     p.  HU. 

iMrROVEMF-NT  IX    TIIK    .'*ALMOX-FIflIIEIUB8  OP  SWEDEN'. 

(Kxtnict  from  Iho  report  of  the  Uoyul   Swedish   lu- 
1*»ndaiu  of  Fisbories.  IdOti.)    p.  BSti. 
VI.  Report  of  operatiojcs  dcrixg  l^Ta  at  thk  tTxiTED 

STATF^      HATCHING      FJtT  A  BLWHMENT      OS     McClOUD 

Ri%-F.ii,  axd  oi«  the  Camforxia  Salmosid^  gkx- 
F.RAU.V,  wrrn  a  ubt  of  specimexs  collected.  By 
Li%  inptfon  f^tone. 

A.  Intiwinctory  romarlcA.    pp.  Ifj8-174. 

B.  Tbu  Saliiiittiidas  of  tho  Sacmmcnlo  Eivcr.  pp. 
n.VlIff. 

C.  Catalopnc  of  Batumi -histoiy  spocImMW  colleolrd 
on  tho  rociiio  slop«  in  ISTi,  by  Livingston 
Stone,  for  the  Uniteil  State's  Fisb  Ci»niini«ioa. 

VIL  VOTTJl  ox  TtlE  HALMON  OF  THE  JIinAMKHT  KlVER.      By 

Livinj;H(«in8lon»-;  p.  216.  Fnkgnieiitar>noW8.  p.  ai7. 
VIIL  The  Sai^mo-xidje  of  Easteux  Maixe,  New  Bbunswiok, 
A.VD  Nova  Scotia.  By  Cb»rh«  Lanman.  pp.«ia-sH5. 
0.x  TirK  Salmon  of  Kasterk  North  America,  and  its 
ARTinciAL  cULTi'UK.  By  Cliarlcs  G.  Mtiwft.  ^.T*.U«i 
of  couteuid  on  p.  3ati.)    p.  ^3fi. 


rv. 


V. 


tx. 


286      ANIMAL  BESOUBCES  AND  FISUEBIE8  OF  UNITED  8TATE& 

Results  oriv^ork. 

Eeports  of  the  Oommisaion. 

(United  States  Cosoussxox  of  Fisn  and  Fisheries.    Pakt  II.) 

X.  Ok  TUB  Salmon  of  Maine.     By  A.  C.  Hamlin,    pp. 

338-356. 
XI.  The  Lake  Tbouts.    By  A.  Loith  Adorns,  M.  A.,  &c.    p. 

357. 
XII.  On  the  Speckled  Trout  op  Utah  Lake.    By  Dr.  H. 
C.  Yarrow,  U.  S.  A.,  Surgeon  and  Naturalist,  &.c,    pp. 
358-363. 
XUL  Miscellaneous  notes  and  cohbespondencb  relatite 

to  Salmon  and  Tkout.    pp.  364-37a 
XIV.  Additional  reposts  relative  to  the  ixatciiing  axo 

PLANTING  of  THE  PENOBSCOT  SaLHON.      ]>.  'SSO. 

A.  Now  Hampahire.    p.  380. 

B.  Now  Jersey,    p.  381. 

C.  PoDnsylvania.    p.  382. 

D.  Ohio.    p.  382. 

E.  WisconBin.    p.  383. 

Appendix  C— The   Shad   and  Alewife  (species  of  Clnpcidtt).    p^ 
385. 
XV.  Letters  referring  to  experiments  of  W.  C.  Danieu, 
M.  D.,  in  xntroducino  Shad   into  the  Alabama 
BiVER.    pp.  386,387. 
XVI.  Letters  referring  to  Shad  in  the  rivisbs  tiubi"tart 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,    pp.  388-;iyi. 

XVII.   EkI'OKT    of    a    RICCONNAISSANCi:    OF     TIIF,     SIIAI>-K1\  i:iu* 

SOUTH  OF  THE  l*oTOMAC.     By  II.  C.  Yanttw,  M.  P. 
pp.  39;>-401. 
XVIII.  Iii:roRT  ox  SiiAD-iiATrniNCi  orKRvxioxs.     pp.  4(i:'r-il7. 

XIX.    lIlil'OKT   ON     TIIK    t'KiU'AGATIOX     OF    TIIK     Sn.vl>    ^. (.'<>*« 

SapuUhHina),  and  its  ixxitoniCTiox  ixto  m.w  waikpjs 
BY  Tin:  UxiTi:i>  yTATKs  Commisesioxku,  IX  1^7;t.     lly 
Jnnios  W.  Milncr.     pp.  4iy-45M. 
XX.  NoTi:s  ox  the  xatiual  histouy  of  tiii:  Swai>  ani» 
Alkwuk.     i>p.  4.')*.*— 10-J. 
Appkndix  D. — risn  cui/niti;  (rni:  iiistorv,  TiiroitY,  axi>  i»i:A(-ncE 
or  nsii-ciXTUUi:).    ]>p.  4(Kt, 4G-I. 
XXI.  The  iustouy  of  Fisii-ri:LTi;iiE.    p.  4'">. 

A.  Tlio  liifitory   of  lisli-ciiltun'  in  Kiiro]M>.  from  its 

earlier  ri,'Cord  to  lSih\.  By  JuIi.-m  llaiiur.  ]tp. 
AGo-402. 

B.  Kcport  on  tlic  profiroas  of  jiiscicnltiiro  in  Itti.^six 

By  Theodore  .Sondukevitv..     pp.  49:t-r>l'i. 

C.  Report  on  the  state  of  piscicnltiirc  in  Franc*^  and 

the  nei<;hl)orin;j:  conntiies.  By  M.  B<Michi>n- 
Br.indley,  ussi.stant  secrctury  of  the  CoIlegtMif 
France,     pp.  513-522. 

D.  Thu  progrcHs  of  liHh-culturo  in  the  Unitod  Statei. 

By  James  W.  Mihior.    pp.  5e»-5Sti. 
£.  Alphahetical  list  of  AwMiri«»i»  fl^i..Mni 
of  persons  knowr  " 
Golture.    pp 


BE80URCK8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      237 


trwaltw  orirork. 

Bcports  of  the  Commission. 
(Umm)  Statcs  Commission  or  Fisn  and  Fisheries.    Paht  II.) 

XXn.  PAPi:n«  imr^Tixr.  to  practicai,  Fisu-crLrrnK. 

A.  Mfilio<l  of  trp:ittiij;!»UiP»ivt'oggB  of  curtain  fiflliCA, 
espi'cially  of  tlio  Cypriniilfr,  iuniiifiotal  propit- 
gutioii.  Ily  Riiilo1]tli  llrtutfl.  j»ii.  r>(T7-.*)70. 
Ou  the  MM'allcil  "dry"  method  of  iinpre^niatiup; 
spawn.  By  Alexandtr  .Stenzel,  inspector  of 
ftMhrrirK  in  Stk*8tii,  Gfrmuuy.     pp.  571-574. 

C.  FiKli-r-ulturo  ill  K:ilt  or  brackish  wat-cr*.  By  Theo- 
dore Lyninn,  Fish  CommuHiiouur  of  lluwachu- 
wits.     pp.  &75-ri77. 

D.  Dp<wriptic»ii;4  of  improved  B])paratui)  iu  fish-lmtch- 
ibg.     pp.  &76-r»d7. 

APPEXDrx  E. — OnRTRrcnoxs  to  Trm  vpwaiu>  movemiwt  op  rianES 
IS-  MKFAMS,  AMI  niE  m:MEin'.    pp.  588, 589. 
XXIII.  Oy  risn-WAYS.     lly  Charlcf*  G.  Atliina.    pp.  5UI-C15. 

XXrV.    On  tiBMTItl'CTIONR  TO   THE   A.SCEXT  OF    PISH   tX   CEllTAIK 
KIVCIU*.     p.  fil7. 

A.  Olislnictinnii  in  tho  rivors  of  Muinc.  By  E.  M. 
StUlKPlU     pp.  iil--im. 

B.  Ohstrnptioiis  in  Iho  trilmtorics  of  T.nlip  Clmm- 
plain.     By  M.  C.  Kdmundft.    i»p.  r>2a-l{27. 

C.  Obfitrnctions  in  noioo  of  the  rivort  of  Virginia. 
By  M.  McKennlo.    pp.  BatMKO. 

D.  Chnraotcr  of  the  slrpanu  on  the  northern  Hhore  of 
Lnkc  Michigan-    By  J.  F.  luitnlls.    pp.  tKMUKta. 

E.  Charficti'nt  of  somp  of  tlio  itorihcni  tributiiricsof 
T.ak-p  Michigan.     By  Jnmes  W.  Mtlucr.      pp. 

Am:Nt)ix  F.— X.\TrnAi.  IlrsronY.    pp.  0a5-C36. 

XXV.  TiiH  f'KirfiTAcr.A  of  thk  fresh  watebs  op  the  Unmki> 
bTATFj*.     By  Pidnoy  I.  Smith. 

A,  Syiiopai^of  Iho  Inghor  frosb-water  Crustacea  of 
tht'  Northern  irnitod  Statc.i.    pp.  6:n'-ll'>7. 

B.  Tlic  crnHtacran  para»it4>4of  the  frcHh-waier  fishes 
of  Iho  Uuiicd  Stoics,    pp.  661-6t>!i. 

Srxopsis  OF  TUE  NoKTii  American  frf^sh-wateh 
LF.ltcDEH.     By  A.  K.  Verrill.    pp.  6tJ<Mie9. 

SkKTCR  op  the  INVr.nTEllRATE  FAl'XA  OP  LaKE  StTE- 
niOIL     By  Sidney  I.  .Smith,     pp.  »i90-70d. 

Food  of  FKEsn-WATER  naaxfl.  By  Sidney  I.  Smith, 
pp.  7tW-70D. 

NaTCUAL  AND    KCONOMrCAI.    mSTORY  OF  TtHE   OOUIIAMI 

(OHphruuienuA  goraniy).     By  Theodore  Gill.     p.  710. 

A.  Nfttnral  history,    pp.  710-717. 

B.  The  introduction  and  attempts  to  Introduco  tlie 
gourami  into  foroig^n  conntrie*-     pp.  71&-7S6. 

C.  Rules  for  transportation  and  introilnction.    p.  T37, 
XXX  3fOTF.S  ON  Tin;  GnA\i.isa  {ThymaUut)  OP  NonTii  A.Mnn- 

:.y  James  W.  Milner.    pp.  TiX^U^ 
M^iiOtiX  0.  .VNEUCS  |'.U>E1U).     p.  71J. 


238      ANIMAL  KKS0URCE8  AND  KISHEHIES  OP  UNITED  8TATE& 


ReMnltN  or  work. 

1.  Reports  of  the  Commission. 

(UNITED  States  CoMMi8aio3f  ov  Fisn  a:«d  FiftmauES.    Past  II.) 

XXXI.  TeUfKRATCRR  IX  TIIK  GVUf  OF  MrXICO,  ntOM  StKCOCM 
OP  IIIK  llNITk.-tl  ttTAIKS  COARr  HCttVKT.       pp.  T4r*-74M. 

XXXU.  C'oKiti:fii'rtxuKXf  u  wnir  toMPASn*  RrtjiT»\»:  to  rACIU| 

mCS  IN  TnA>'SPOIt  rATI*>V,  FTO,      |i|i.  74!»-700. 

XXXII L  Ria'«^nT8  uv  ff^txiAt.   -  m^fji  1i%^Tn     Am»ao 

FlSII-Cri.TUIHfiTS'    A^  »    AM>    t^TATK   C03m»-| 

•IOKFK9   OP  FiSllKftlKH.      p.  7u7. 
A,  Mw^tiug  utIUwtori,  Jtinr  IM,  197S.     pp.  7S7-T<S. 
K  Mwlinga(Ni'wYurk,Oct(ilKTl7,  l*>72.  piiTCl-TT!.] 
XXXIV.   lllBUOUK.a'UY    OK   KKfOUlli  UK  FUUKJIY    COMMUUU 
By  TUeodoro  GUI.    \*p,  "ti4-7rj. 

A.  N'aint'H  tkfCViiiiriiiMiiouors.     p.  774. 

B.  Bibliography  of  ivpurtiL    pp.  7T5-TB4. 
List  of  illustuatioxs.    pp.  7«5-71*0. 

OKNVIIAI.  IN'tlEX.      p.  791. 

United  States  Comuiraion'  ok  Fish  ani*  FiiiUTnnBS,    Part  UL — Rrroi 
or  tok  CoMMtssioNiot  KOK  lt?73-l  asu  1?^-I-5.    a.— I.V(|l'lBV  ixra 

DKCnUA^K  i»K  TUK  roOD-KIMir-S.      B.— TlIK  I'ltOI»AGATIuN  llK    Ko*  •  i        ' 
1>  TIIK  WATKKS  OP  TUK  I'NITKD  BtaTIS.      Hv  S|ii'Ilf't'r  F.  lUinl.  . 

BiniiLT.     Wujtliiu^ou:  Ciori'nuneni  PrintiuK-Oltlrc.     l^C. 

Ai'l'bMitX  A.— 8KA-Fl9nF.Rir.8  AM>    the    MAllJ-:a  A>D    I.NVKK1 

rsKiJ  Art  rooD. 
L  IUbtuiiical  oBiiKavATXoyB  OX  tor  ooxDiTiftx  or 

KISUKUIKH  AMO.SC)  TIIK  AMIICMT  Gnr.r.K5    AXD    KOMA^ 
AND  TaF.Ilt  UVUK   OV   SALTIXU  AXD  TACKIXa  FUOl. 

J.  K.  SiuiiUo.    pp,  1,  9, 
II.  Statistics  ok  thk  miwt  importaxt  rifiTrsiiiEd  or 
Kobtii  Atlantic.    By  Carl  Duuibvck.     pp.  3-*4. 

JII.    Ox   THK   l^llSUi:illI;S  OK  NORWAY,      pp.  )M-30. 
IV.    STATISTICAJ.  1>ATA  UJvOAlUirXO   TUK    ^WK.DIrtn  Pll 

pp.  31-:i4. 
V.  Account  ok  iiir  risiUvRrss  axi>  BRAL-HCKTmaa  tn 
White  8i:a,  thk  Anciic  Ockajc,  axi>  tub  Caai 
Sea.     By  AU'xauiliT  ^I'liultx.     pp.  35^  flO. 
VL  TiiK  Xuuwr.uiAX  HKUuiXG-nsHKKira.    By  A.  J. 
uutl  A.  FttcUIcrdiii.     pp.  UT-llW. 

VU.    PRKUWINARV    FtKI'OllT    VliR    |H73-'74    OX   THB     f 
AM)  THIC  ilr.ntUXIt-PltfKKHUCtt  ox  TUK   Wiorr  ' 

8w£PKX.    By  Axel  Villiolm  Sprini^moii.     ]>|t.  lJ:t-|< 
Till.  The  llALiutn-  KisiiKniiui  ok  tuk  L1kitt:i>  tlTAnu.    Bj 
Unit.  V.  Vv  Btvra.     pp.  BSl-17*i. 

IX.    TBE  FItJHIXG   VILLAOLS  ^XTKnnWTtrX   AXT^ 

AXD    THE    COLLECIXOX   OF    PUniXO   DIM  CX- 

HIUITKD  BY  THKM    AT    Kl^IXORK.   DKXUaUI.^   I'l  MMI] 
THE  fiirilMER  4»K   lrt^i.     pp.  173-18*. 

X.  Ox  Tiiii:  Hkriu.xu  and  its  I  I 
OP  TRAiiE.     By  liyntmnt  ■ 
XI.  Nkw  coxiuiiirTioxa  :  fj 

Di?rrrr    iirT%v?:r?f 

I'  : 

Q2I  TuamavAT' 


AXnUI.  HE60DBCES  AMD  FIsnERIES  OF  UytTED  STATES.      239 


\Un  or  work. 

Reports  of  the  Commission. 

(OsoncD  9fATiM  CoxMEBMOK  or  FiSR  Am  FtsncniEft.    Paut  III,) 

XII.  Oit  iHK  BPAWxran  and  i>bvbu>pmk.nt  oi'  nre  Co»» 
PWII.     iJy  Pn.f.  C.  O.  SttTs.     jip.  iy:>--JiW. 

Xin.   TlIK   N'OUWKOIAX    LonMTr.K  FIAIIKRY   AXO   ITB   HISTORY. 

I!y  Axol  BpiH-rk.     pp.  Va3-*VJ. 

Xiy.  TUANtlPORTATTOX   OV   L.<iDATKR«    TO     CaUFORKTA.       pp. 

XV.  On  Tim  artiticial  propagation  of  ran  Lorsteh.    pi», 

XVI.    Ox    TIIX   OYftTT.R  lyDTTSTRIRS  OP  TIIIE   ■UXITED  STATES. 

By  Lii^at.  I*.  IX'  Broco.    pp.  2ff7-320. 
ApPVKmx  n.— Tnii  rivrb  vit^nnHiFA,    pp.  ".ttl-flaa. 

XVII.  TUR    PROPAOATIOM    AKD    DIHl'RlBUTION    Of    TIIR    SOAD. 
pp.  32:KI.')0. 
XVUI.  Ridiiirt  'tK  TlIK  TnuNA  trip.    IJy  J.  W.  MUner.    pp. 

XrX.    Ox     Tllie     TUAKKPOIlTATinN-     flF     SUAll     WOU     I^KG      I>IS- 

TANOKH.    pp.  :(rt:?-;ffi. 

XX.   RfMRT  of    *»PI<IUTlONtt    IN  C.IUFOBNIA    XH   lOTi.      By 
l/iviiiE'vl»»n  Simu*.     pp.  M7a-45?7. 
XXI,  IIatoiii.no  and  inHTRiuirrioN  op  Caliporn'ia  Sauion. 

pp.  J-^'H-^.W. 
XXII.   KkM»RT  or    OPERATIO!fB     PlTltJ.XG     1874   AT  THK   t'MTKI* 
STATKS    8AlJ40V-nATOHrN*)    KSTARLISnvr.NT     ON    TlIB 

MoCfiOn*  Ri\*rK,  C'AUroiixiA.  By  LiviugslouSttmr. 
pp.  437-1711. 

XXni.   Coi[I»:8I*<lM>KNCK      irrtATINO      TO     TltK     8A»    JOAQt-IX 

Kiv>;k  and  I  w  1  isiiKJ*.     pp.  477-4BI. 
XXIV.  Thk  An.\NTTC  Sai-SION  (.Salmo  Salar).     By  A.  0.  Atkins, 
pp.  4'?.V-.'>.T!J. 
AypKXDtx  C— Fien-ciarrRK.  ntLATiNo  mork  especiaixt  to  spkcies 

OV  (Ctiprim^ip).      pp.  .VJO, 

XXV.  XoTK«  ON  pii»(icrLTf nK  IV  KiANo  Si.    By  H.  Kopwh. 

I»p.  ot^-oA^. 
XXVI.  On  the  (m.Tritr.  or  the  Carp.    pp.  .MS-CM. 
XXVII.  TiiK  iiiM.n  Onvr.  {Ciiyrinnt  orftm).     pp.  65i>-5G'i. 
XXVIIT.  Dtrfcttovh  for  csisti   tari.cs  rcui   rrcoruino   thb 

I'HOPAOATION  AND  DIFrinm~T10N  OF  FISH.      pp.  ii(K(-A68. 
AFFKKODC    D. — TMR    JIKbTOIUTION    OF    TllE    INLAND    FII*UEIUES.       pp. 

XXrX.  Fifttir.inrifi  and  FwrrtNO  laws  in  Austria   and   tiir 

WOULD  IN  or.NKKAL.     By  Curl  Ppyn-r.    pp.  .'■i71-€Ki. 
XXX.  How  CAN  oni  lakts  ani»  immis  be  stocked  with 

FIflll  IN  THE  SlIOlflKKr  POei«iIltLK  TIMEt     By   Mr.    Vou 
deui  B^irno.    pp.  6^1-flH4. 
E. — Nati'rai.  Hiwokv.    pi>.  ti8:»-<J8('.. 

XXXJ.    PRP.I.IMINAHY  REPOHT  ON   A  HERIKlf  OF  DREDGINGP   MADK 

ON  TiiK  Tniteo  Rtates  Coaut  Survey  steamer 
Baciie  in  the  ftiLF  uF  Maink.  By  A.  8.  Poi-kordf 
jr.,  M.  D.    pp.  (PW-OK). 

ZXXU.   LjRT  OF    TtlE    marine    ALOJC  op    TDK    UNITED  STATES. 

By  W,  O.  Fftriow.     pp.  691-718. 


240      ANIMAL  HESOURCES  AJTD  FISnCHIES  OP  UNITED  STATES. 

Remiltftt  of  work. 

1.  lieports  of  the  Commission. 

(UKiTiei>  Statks  Commission  or  Fi&a  Ain>  risuKRUcft.    Past  HI.) 

XXXIII.  SKcnnv  ox  tue  oiioaxa  <>k  mcpRODrcnox  axu 
Fr.crxDA-nox  or  riauKs  xsit  £&i>i:cuili.y  or  : 
Uy  liT.  Syvski.    pp.  IVJ-TM. 

XXXIV.  The  fo(u»  and  Mtn>ic  or  livino  ok  tiik  RAl>ro«.  nm 
Tnoirr,  a-\i*  tiik  8iiau.     By  IX  Biufnrth.     p; 

United  States  CoMMibstoN  or  Fisn  asi»  KiPiiKiiiFji.    Taut  n  ri 

OP  the  COMMISSIONKH  fOU  1H7.V1K7C.     A. — IXQCIRV  INTO  TIH:  l| 

OP  THE   FOOD-FI8IIES.       U. — TlIK    PUOPAOATIOX    OP    POOl>-l  IJHU 

wateks  op  tiik  Umted  .Staiks.     \Vii»htnj;tou:  Oovfmtni'nt  Ituttii 
OUico.     167H.     Bv».,    pp.  ix.  &U,  Khfd.  pUtca  vi  ;Hiat.  ol'  wluiJt:  Itakcnr). 

I.    KkPORT  op  tue  COMMKHSIOXEIl. 

A. — UkNRRAL  CONl^lOUKATIONB. 

1.  Intiioductory  KEMARKS.     p.  1. 
B. — ISQL'IRY  INTO  THE  I>RCRCA»K  OF  POOn>FI8HK9. 

2.  IXVESTIOATIOXa  AND  UPKRATinXH  OP  J875.       p.  4. 

3.  IXVKSTIGATIOXS  ANO  OPKRATIOXSOP  le76.       p.  7. 

C. — Thp.  propagatiox  op  pooi>-PMm:fl. 

4.  GeNEKAI.  COX8IDEKATIONH.      p.  8. 
6.    ACTTAL  n-ORK  OF  rnOPACATlOX    OP    rOOt»>PS8III»  IS 

AXI)  IWli.      p.  1». 

The  shad.    p.iJO. 

The  t'lilifomin  sabnon.     p.  21. 

Tli(>  Atluiitif'  falniou.    p.  ifO. 

Till*  Intul-liu'kptl  BaliitDii.     p.S&. 

The  \vhite-lUh.    p.*^ 

The  carp.    p.  87. 
D.— Tahlks. 

Table  7,— Hatchino  akd  wsTmBmojf  op  rtsa  vr 
Vsrreo  Statka  Vihii  Couuia^iox  rnoM 
BcoiNKixo  OP  ni?  woitK,  IS  tef!*J  to  tiu;  «i 

MKROP  Il*7(t.      p.  28. 
n. — APPRXDIX  to  nXPOHT  OP  COMMIRAinXMl. 

Ajn>Exmx  A. — Tiik  e<iEA  Fi}tiir.i[ir..4. 

i.  UiKTonr  OP  rtiK  AAiKnirA?{  wiiatjc  pic^nKAT : 

ITS    EAUI.IK>iT    IXCi:rTir»N      To    TIIK     'V'XAK 

By  Ali'xandur  8iftrhiick. 
Attkxdix  R.— Tiik  inland  KmiiKKiK«. 

II.  KiAiiERins  ov  VmcAQO  axu  vici3»itt.    Wy  1 
NdtioM,     p.  7^ 

III.  TUC  SAI.MOX  P14IIKIUR8  OT  TIIK  COLVattlA 

By  Livingatnu  Sloui',    p.  80L 

IV.  XOTCS    ON    60MK    riftllRRlES   OF    THK   DsiAVAl 

itlVER.     By  Dr.  C.  C.  Abbuit.    jKaStL 
V.  MrTHoD  OP  rt'niPYiXG  tiik    ■ 
wr>nKs  m'poni:  ai.ijiivix«i  i 

THE  WATliR.      By  .' 

VI.  Taalf^  oi/  rrvfri!  *  ■  .*■%•? 

Oil 

AND    rUOM    ftlAUCOl,    l07Uv  TO    lYlUIVAaT 

IXCLLM  VC      p.  851. 


A^'UfAL  HESOtTRCES  AXD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      241 

Rcnulfit  or  work. 

1.  KejKirts  of  the  ComuiiHHion. 

(Cxmcu  Btatcs  Commission  of  Fisn  akd  Fisheries.    Paut  TV. ) 

AyibNDix  C. — TiiK  pRorAOATioN  (tr  rooD-Fisnts. 

VU.  Thk  camp  xsu  itr  otn.TfiiK  m  nivrnft  anp  lakes, 

AN»>    ITS    lJfTnr»DL'<T10I*    IKTO   AUEltlCA.        Uj'  Ru- 

ilolitli  H<.-j«e1.     p.  &U5. 

VUI.    TlIX  I'ROPAGATIOX  AXD  DISTRIBlTnON  OF  BHAD.     Jos, 

W.Milner.     p.Wl. 

IX.  On  the  cotixcnox  of  eogs  of  Schoodic  salmon 

IK  1H75  AM>  187C.     Ry  Cborlcft  ft.  AtkitiH.    p.  910. 

X.  Operations  on  the  McCLot;r>  Kivkr  in  salmon- 

HKKKDiNU  IN  1875.     By  Livingston  Stone,    p.  921. 

XI.   OrKUATIONS  ON  TUB    McClX>UD    RlVSR   IK    SAJ.MON- 

Bur.EDiNG  IN  IWO.     By  Livingston  Stone,    p.  D:f>. 
XU.  Correspondence  relatino  to  the  expoutation 

OF   FISK-ilATCHINa   APPARATUS  TO  NXW  ZXALAND, 

Germany,  &c.    p.9o9. 
ALPnABfrncAL  ini>f^x.    p.  1025. 

2.  CoLLKCTiONS.    (Sce  under  A,  V  to  Vm.) 

hotogrraphH* 

See  «eric«  of  pliotog:rapb8  and  color-sketches  of  North  American 
flidieH. 

l^pwards  of  I'our  hundred  casts  of  const  and  freshwater 
»pecie«- 

(Sce  under  A,  V  to  vni.) 


IL  PROTECTION. 

2.  raESKBVATION  OF  OJlMEj  VlBUj  ETC. 

^From  man* 

,^  From  artificial  obiitrnctiwiB, 
ifili-wajra. 

Gap  (Uh'WAys, 

ditch,  or  **  Ca\Hi  Ood  "  fish-irayfl. 
Obll<)ae  j^roove  iltdi-wnyK. 
Single  groove. 

iSS&^,  Mutlcl  of  ttnli-tray.    Jatoca  t>.  DrcwiT,  inventor,  Sluney,  Lycoming 

Cnimtv,  Pn. 
ItaiA  Model  t>t  rikh'way.    JaiDc«  D.  BroHcr,  Money,  P*. 

B«n.  >~.  M.  No.  Xi 16 


242       ANIMAL  RESOUKCES  ASD  FISHEKIE8  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Step  flsh-wayfl. 

Box  or  pool  iUh-ways. 


idtilije.  MuaeInffiHh--n*nj-. 
Steele. 


Jos.  D.  Brower,  Money,  Pa.    Patetitett  hj  Pai 


Steps  contrived  by  arrangement  of  rocks  and  bowlders. 
25701.  Model  ofDaiicansoii  fish  vay.    J.  T.  Rotbe. 

Inclined  plane  without  steps. 


Model  of  old  rcniutylvania  fitdi^way.  Built  at  Colnmbia,  nn  tbit  8i 
qnehnnna  Kiver,  iu  lti06.  UcaJgntd  by  James  Womil.  Bci 
(  iuc-li  to  tlic  TtMit.  C.  6.  Atkiuft,  Uucksimn,  Mo. 
20284.  Mutlel  ut'old  IVuu«ylvunia  fLsli-Tfny.  Built  at  Cidninbia,  onthi<5i 
iliifhaima  KiviT,  in  I8W.  Designed  by  Jum««  Womil.  Seal 
i  iuvb  to  tbe  foot.    C.  U.  Atkins,  Uucksportf  Me. 

With  partitions  at  right  angles. 

CJ^l.  Mudid  of  luctanjfular  return  fiab-wny.     Scale,  ^  inch  to  Ibu  foot. 
G.  Atkius,  Biickflport,  Me. 

Bmckett's  patent  flsh-way. 

29285.  Bruckott*ft  patent  tisb-way.    ScdCf  i  iucb  to  tbe  font.     C  O. 

kin»,  Bncksport,  Me. 
9S037.  M<M]el  of  tbe  fit^b-way  at  Hidyoke,  Miii».,  on  (be  CounecUrnt  lUi 
Sciilt*,  i  of  an  uicb  to  tliH  foot  (^).     C.  0.  Alkiun. 

Tlii/f  tinh-wu}' IN  ou  tbr  Brurkt^ttplan.  A  AntiiiirrK*''!  pierv  iif  < 
work  Huriuunnted  by  u  puling  Bcrvc>H  to  tunt  tbo  tinU  iuto 
fisb-way.  It  carries  u  eoluiuu  of  water  8  fei^  wide  anU  2 
deep  wbicli  reacbL'tt  the  bottuin  witli  uu  ikrrt-vptiblo  incnrai 
velot-ity,  tbe  eummt  bein^  leM  than  '2  milen  mi  buur.  Bej^l 
of  tbe  dam,  3(>  feet ;  lengtb  of  the  llub-wfty,  MO  i««t ;  tho 
clioe,  1  in  ir>. 

With  oblique  partition8. 

S9Sd7.  Au  adaptatinu  of  Fo«lcr*8  fish-way.    D<^ijfn«l  by  C.  G.  Atkioai, 

bnilt  at  Pembroke,  Me.     Scale,  i  iuch  to  tbo  foot.     C.  O.  Al 

Biickiq>ort,  Me. 
a938C.-MoJ«l  of  Foster's  fisb-way.     Invi^ntwl  by  H.  H.  F- ■*  - 

Me.     Seale.  4  inch  to  tliofoot.     C.  0.  Atkiiis,  1:  Mr. 

Sifl986.  Model  of  oblique  Hflli-way,     Invented  by  Alfred  S%%  .i 

Me.,  in   lH7tI.     Scab',  ^  inch  to  the  foot.     C.  G.  .'  i 

jiorl,  Mv. 
S9880.  Swazi'.v's  ubli(|ue  fbdi-way.     Invented  by  Alftvd  Kwwy,  Burl 

Me.,  iu  l';r74.     8ea1e,  i  incb  to  tb«  foot*    C.  O.  AtkiKo,  llHck^Ml, 

Me. 
39290.  Model  of  Bwuzcy  St  Atkiu!4*a  fiidi-way.     UiTc-nttil  ,c»t 

and  C  (}.  Atltintt,  Hurkxport,  Mi*.,  in  ItCA.    K  .  ilw 

foot.  C.  G.  Atkius  Uuckupurt,  Me. 

.  Mmb'l  of  tbu  McDonald  l^Mli-Mny.     M.  Mi  n.iiuiU.  I^^ii<- 

SaOaO.  No.  15.     Mo.lcl  oftlie  fUb-way  at  I 

River.     8calr,  |  iucb  t"  u*-  *;..., 


AKIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     243 

I«li»va3r«» 

AVilU  rectaxigiilai'  compartineDts. 

90937.  Uotlrl  of  r<<ctan^ul»r  compnrhnent  flsh-way  on  tho  inrlinHl-jtlaiifl 
flyiiti'ui.  iu  an  exU-ntlc-il  arriin^cmcut.  Scale,  ^  iiicli  lo  tUc  fuot 
Ut).    C.  G.  Atkius. 

Spiral  fisli-ways. 

S6949.  No.  11.    Moilel  of  motAupiIar  rompiirtmcnf  ri«lt-way  onthciDrUried- 
pU-ac  lyfttcui,  ia  «piral  amuij;«Mii(*'nt,  rtcvjiwfl  hy  Cliarlen  O.  Atkiits, 
of  Xtiieksiwrt,  Me.,  iu  imitntiua  of  Tike's  spiral  ilsh-way.    Hk'ak',  ^ 
inrh  to  the  fixit  [J^),     C.  G.  Atkiiut. 
TUiH  uuh1i*I  n<iin'(M*Qt«  a  fiiili-wity  proriwiy  (he  name  OApaciiy  adiI 
bIoIm*.  and  ailaptcd  to  a  ilnnt  of  tho  8amo  height  as  No.  10, 
bliuwiitf;  lUt-  gnAoi  economy  of  i*i>a<;c  nml  multTUil  cft'ooU**!  by 
the  Npirul  ai'raut;tmi(Mit.      Further  lulvuntageH  of  tho  Bpinil 
aiTaiigeiaciit  are  the  facility  with  which  water  cau  be  odmitto*! 
at  diJTereiit  heights  o{  the  hrcr,  and  contigtiity  of  the  atitlot 
to  the  dam  M<eure<l,  m>  tliat  th»  ftfdk  will  readily  fiud  it. 
ftSDSl.  MwUd  of  rikeV  sjiirul  tistt-wuy,  doviited  by  Hon.  K.  G.  I*ikc,  of  Con- 
uuvtictit.     8nle,  i  ineh  to  the  font  (Z^).     C.  G.  Atkiuti. 
Tho  ailvautages  of  tbi^,  tho  first  apiral  nrraugomont  invented  in 
Anurricai  are  the  samu  ntt  tho&o  elaimcil  for  that  arraii^euieut 
Iu  Pikv'H  spiml  n»h-wfty. 

Moving  float  fish-ways. 

90930.  Mo«lel  of  Rverloth's  Bsh-way,  dovi»cd  by  F.  M.  Evcrloth,  M.  D.,  of 
Waldorlwro*.  Me.  Soale,  i  inch  to  tho  foot  (^).  C.  G.  AtkiuH. 
Tho  porulinrity  of  tbi^  tl»h-way  i»  tho  movable  attachment  at  the 
upiMTCud,  which,  b)*  its  owu  buoyancy,  risea  and  falU  with 
the  tluctuatioiiA  of  tho  river,  tlm»  inHuriuj;  that  the  cntrauco 
fthull  alnnyn  Ijo  at  the  right  height  to  admit  the  requisite 
(luuntity  of  water. 


^^^From  nntural  enemies, 

pparaliiM  for  dcf^froyin^  injurious  species. 

0}'ftt4.*r-bcHl  tannics.    (Sec  under  B,  12.) 

Telher«i  and  iioppOcs. 
Va^en  and  pens* 

KenneU  for  dogs,  &c. 
''  f"«r  aiiimaln. 

'  :or  Itinls. 

Cagtss  lor  ItuH^ctA. 

cost,  Cag«»  for  lln'-Atcs.    West  Indies.    MLwSopthuia  Randolph. 


244      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Fimh-carM  and  other  floating  cage^  For  aquatic  aol« 
iuait»« 

S0&39.  Muflcl  of  (isli-morlcrtiuau^s  car.     For  prescrvntion  of  Ihring  fiel^ 

J.  M.  K.  SMiiilnvick,  NowiKirt,  R.  I. 
SS221.  Medial  of  rrovidenco  River  fl«h-ior.     Tbwe  aro  towod  by  tlie  snvt^t 
and  /u)  fflft  08  Hsb  are  cAiigbt  they  ore  put  into  it,  oud  m>  kfpt  fi 
Proviilciice  market.     D.  D.  Aliuy. 
2d397.  Model  of  Noank  lobatcr-car.    Capt.  fl.  C.  Cbetatrr. , 
V9&3d.  Model  of  fifibenuan'B  car  for  trauaportiDg  living  fhib  to  maxIceL 

M.  K.  Souibnick,  Nuwport,  R  J. 
90933.  Modol  of  a  )»oat  u»ed  in  traniqiortitig  living  ialmon  si  the  Vulli 
StuU's  i»ltuou'brp4Hluig  ittatiuu  :it  BuckHport^  Uc.     Scale,  1  IncU 
tbe  foot  ((!,).     C.  G.  AtkiiiM. 
^Vbl*n  in  nnn  tbe  lM>at  in  depr^aiKtil  nntil  fhll  of  water,  a  imml 
of  salmon,  HomotitiiL'fl  aa  many  an  'Mi,  are  ii1a4mm1  in  it,  aii4 
i«  tbon  towed  nftt'r  itnotber  boat,  tho  motion  iiiKuring  a  i 
Htuiit  i:baug(>- uf  \vut4-T,  wbicb  iiflanofl  iu  at  tbv  forwanl  p 
and  ont  at  tbo  after  porta.     Tbe  net  and  grating  prr'Ti-ot 
o8capc>  of  th4^  sabnon,  and  the  cloth  abata  out  tho  al^bt  of  al 
thing  that  might  frighten  them. 

Aquaria. 

OlolM'S. 

Aquaria. 

niTCii*  and  other  cag;e$  for  in^ectn. 
Lire-boxes,  troughs,  &c«i  Ibr  inieroHcopif^tH*  u»c. 
Fi»h-pondK,  llsh-lbruis  (motlels). 

i?f>27^.  Parlor  trout-brook.     Stone  &  lltmprr,  nmrb«(<twrn,  JT.  IT. 
2UlttiO.  Rcariug-box.     8tonc  &,  Hooper,  Charlenlown,  K.  11. 

4.  Enemies  op  usefui.  animals. 

Inte*«tinai  worms  and  other  internal  |iara«ileik.i 
Fi<»h-lit-e.  hariiaele.M,  aaad  other  external  |>.ira**itcm/ 
Predsitory  aniniaU  not  e3«e%vhere  exhihittrd. 


III.  PROPAGATION. 

5,  PROPAffATION    OF  MAMMALS. 

]ffethod*f  of  mink  eultiire. 

niethodf*  or  culture  ol'  domesticated  animaltu 

G.  rnOPAOATION  OF  DIRIIS. 

methods  of  ostrirh  culture. 

methods  oi'  culture  of  domesticated  birdii,  lbwi»f 


'8oo  to  Part  U  of  lb«  pronnt  caialM^^ji^ 


AKXMiX  EESOUHCES  AND  FlSDEniES  OP  UXITED  STATES.     245 


7.  Peopagation  op  beptiles. 
rlhodfi  oi'  torrapiD  cullure. 

S.  PUOPAOATION  OF  AlIPIUBIANS. 

f  thodfi  or  IVoiT  culture. 

0.   l*nOPAGATI0N  AND  CtTLTCHE  OF  FISHES.* 

crCM^orir!^  of  obtaining  and  impregnating  oTa. 

i'Hns,  piiil-s  &c- 

Strait-jm'kottt  nw<l  in  spawning  sutmon. 

Spawnin^i-race  (Aiihsworth). 

Jti»Iler  Hpawinugscivea  (ColUus). 

Sjvawiiiu^'VAt  (Bou(I). 

lching:-apparatUN. 

'J<>1M>|.  ^o.  19.  Model  of  Itatcbing-boofic  nt  rnitcd  Staton  salmon -breediug 
Htation  at  Buckeport,  lie,  Bi*»lv,  ^  iucJi  to  the  foot  (^).  C.  G. 
Atkitift, 

Tlil^  IiEi1f'1iiiig-trrtiit;lm  nr<>  aiTiingrd  iu  8t*t«  of  four  mrrutis  tbo 
bulltliug.  aiitl  fitu^il  vritli  Ilrai'kott  tmyit.  Tli«  WAtor  i>ut«TA 
tbcm  from  a  feed-tnrupli  along  tbu  hUIc  of  Ibci  room  aud  cb- 
cApeu  by  pipes  Lhixiugb  tbo  tluur. 

Troui$]i8 : 
Plain. 

Gnivol-bottomod. 

AVilli  aiove-l>ott(>m  trays. 

SC03X  Ho.  90.  Model  of  hatcbinft'troagbs  and  trays  in  tuo  at  Ibe  United 
8tat<?s  Balmou-brcedjii^  Ktations  at  BuckHjiort  and  Onmd  Lake 
Strenni,  Mf.     Hcnb*,  full  nizc.     C.Q.Atkins. 
Tbc  TR^s  to  bo  Imti'hM  arc  placnl  on  Iho  vriro-rloth  tmyi*. 
Slodel  trf  b:kt<!lim';-tVantc  in  um.*  at  Grand  Lnko  Stream.  a4lu.pi4rd  lo 
ns(!  in  a  troiigb  or  in  an  i>prn  Htreum.     l)cvlt»etl  by  C.  ti.  Atkiiia. 
Scale,  full  eizf!.     C.  G.  Atkins. 
Tb4'  fKi:«  urt^  pbu-tsl  on  all  t»f  tlio  Irays  oxrcpt  tbc  npppr  one. 
Tlic  interBticcfs  thongb  tuo  email  for  tho  escape  of  the  eggs, 
permit  n  cban<;o  uf  wuUt,  and  wben  the  frumo  in  shut  it  con- 
fines tbo  tray«  secnn'ly  in  place. 
90070.  Model  of  hatcbing-apparatmi  for  black-boM.    Jobu  Both,  Dancon- 
non,  Pa. 

Brarkett'H, 
Willianiiion's. 

<.lark*K. 
Vals  or  nises: 

iiMlliUl'H, 


oflhM»  ftzticlw  cannot  conveniently  be  cxhibWyi. 


24B      ANIMAL  RESOUBCES  AND  FISHEniES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


Ilalching:«a|>parafiis« 

Glaas-griUed  lM)xe^  (Coete's). 

SfiBftS.  Coflte  fantchiugtray.    Mrn.  J.  H.  Black,  Trontdole,  K.  T. 

Jnrs  ond  tin  vessels, 

&i247.  RhiMMmtt'hinf^can.     Invcutiou  of  Fred.  Matbvr.     l'.  8.  Kufa  C<«D-^ 

mission. 
2(i£)09.  Ffr^iisnn  fiqiiarinm<jar.    T.  D.  Fcrgtutun,  Baltimore,  MiL 
UiS:.0.  F»t;cii50u*h  lish-biitchfu^  can.  '*  •• 

9)0996.  Fergti»ou'tfL»lohiu|jjiir.  "  " 

Hn  telling -box  C8  (floating). 

*2eS0:\,  8hail-linlr1)in|;1>ox.  Scth  OrconV  patent.    IT.  8.  FUli  Coeuniaiieo. 

86997.  HbnfMintrliiUK  box.  Si'th  GrtH'u'a  ]>at«ut.     8vth  Orveu,  Roolic«ter.| 

X.  Y. 

Sfi904.  .Sbndhittt'hiiig  bo\.  Bnurkctt'n  pstvnt.    XT*  8.  Fiab  Comniiwkiii. 

*iG9G2.  Sbud-liatclimg  bux.  BnickvtVs  pat4mt.    E.  A.  Brockett,  WtmLMitrr/ 

38905.  Shtul-butcbiug  box  (Xa.  2).     Urackctt'«  pntcnt.     V.  B,  Fififa  Coia- 

inisttion. 
5KJ91I6.  Sbml-batcbinj;  box.     Hrynnt'rt  pntrnt.     V,  8.  FIrii  Comini«Mon. 
-Xmn.  .Sbatl-hatobing  Vk»x.     Stillwell  &  Alkiiix'N  pAlcut.     U.  8.  Kinh  Ci 

mission. 
36D0H.  SbnU-bntobin;;  box.     nannifttcr's  dcfllgti.     tT.  S.  Fiab  CommimtAiu 
SG05r>.  llatcbtu^s  Qpimrutiiii.     N.W.CMark,  Clarkston,  hUth. 

.  ShiMl  bali'biug-box  (model).     J. C.  House  &O.JL McCUin,  VTl 

tou,  D.  C. 

Adbesivo  epfgR  appnnitns; 

Vertic»al  wiitM.*lolIi  trays. 
Hatching-basket. 

2li9&0.  Sahnon  egg  bAtcbing-baidcots.   McCloiid  U\\tr,  Califuntia.     Uvii^ 

stOII  Si  Dili]. 

13rook-8hanty  (FuriuanV). 

(Bay  or  cove  banners,  Pi-ofessor  Itasch^s.) 

Accessories : 

Tanks. 

Nosts. 

Trays. 

Grilles. 

Gravel-ftlten*. 

Flannel  .*»t.Teens. 

Shallow  troughs  or  tables  (for  picking  egg$)* 

Egg-nippers. 

*MX*{o.  WooiU-n  iiipfH-m.     Fred.  Mather.  ITonm- 
ySDTv.^.  Ui-nm  (.'gg-uippent,     Ftttuk  N.  Clark,  Xim 

Cribbles. 
ri|>ettej*. 
Skiinmerneta. 


Ccklii^-npparatiit<t. 

Jleoe««orie9: 

Fr  '    "       ■   rpinis  nnd  brnslies. 
Ko>'    '  s  (for  wasbinjj  eggs) 

Syringeii,  balb,  &c. 
Shallow  paus. 
Aoratiug-pipe. 

in«(|M»rtiDg  appafatii«». 

Apparatuti  for  transportUig  e 

CoDfi, 

Cam  of  cnpa  (Wilmot'«). 
Cm©  of  cups  (CIark*«). 
Com  of  traya  (ClarVs). 
Mosa^rates  (Stoue's). 

SS025.  McMA-orat^a  fur  trannjiortation  of  oggs  of  Sacramento  salmon  across 
th(!  continent     Livingston  Stone,  C'barle«townf  N.  II. 

Apparatus  for  transporting  fish: 
JJarrt'lK. 

Caui^j  plain. 

2CXHI.  Milk-can.  used  in  transport  at  n>n.    V.  8.  Fish  Commisnon. 
MlKtn.  C'oiiioHl  timk.     Htouf  &  Hooper,  Chjirlestown,  N.  H. 
IMlilO.  Crmicnl  euu.     Ltvii);;s(ou^t<nio,  Cbnjlctftuwii,  N.  H. 

/UDA  with  a4*T»ting  acre«soriBs: 

3WH.  Tank  for  oooan  transportation* 

Fish  CommiMiou. 
S9979.  TranspoHing-iauk.    Stono  &,  Hooper,  Charlcstown,  N.  IT. 

Trail iporling-c an.     C.  \Y.  Uogcrs,  U'auktgau,  111. 
90D32:  Uodcl  of  Itox  vseA  in  tlio  trnnApnrtatioa  uf  I)^iug  saluiou  at  tbu 
UnitMl  States  HAlmon-breoding  atation  at  Uucksi>ort,  )Io.     Scale, 
2  iucliv«  to  the  foot  (().     C.  0.  Atkiiut. 
AVhou  in  nm  tUo  box  is  tilled  witb  water  and  from  5  to  7  salmon 
placi'd  in  it  and  carted  a  wile. 

Slack's. 

Chirk^s, 

3L  A.  Green's. 
[Tanks,  with  attiirhmcnt  of  baud-wheel  to  car-axle  (Stone's). 
(TankH,  Mith  IVibnrg  aerating  apparatus.) 
iAc|uiuinm-oar  (StoueV). 
ive-box  (AtkiusV). 

forc<vpump8. 
Siphon  tube^. 

JRD15.  RnblMTsiphon-tnbc.    U.  8.  Fish  Commission. 
**B|3,  Aontlttg-rosc,  with  siphon.    U.  S.  Fish  Comnilaeloiu 


248     AKIKAL  RESOURCBB  AND  FISHE£IE8  OF  UNITKD  STAIXS, 


Transporling  apparata§ 

I       AccosBories : 
■  Bellows. 


30^34,  Model  of  d^pping'ba^  naed  iaateul  of  a  dip-net  in  hAndUn^  Balmou  At 
tlio  Umtf'd  States  a(il[uoQ-brtH;fUi]g  Blntion  at  DuclLspoil,  M*^ 
3c^le,  1  inch  tu  the  foot  (^).    C  G^  Atkinii. 


10.  Peopagation  of  nrsECTS, 
Pro|ia^ation  orsilk^worm. 


Specimens  of  plants  uaed  fo 
Model  of  house  aiid  its  app] 


Propagation  otf"  cochineal 
Propagation  or  bees. 


I 


For  liivea  see  under  E,  3. 

11.  PHOFAOA 

Propagation  of  leecheti. 

■  12,  Pkopagation 

methods  or  ojr^ter  culture. 


TTORilS- 


fOLLUSKS. 


Stools  for  receiving  spat^  Datnr^l  and  artificii^. 
Other  apparatns. 

13,  Peopagation  of  corals. 
li.  Propagation  of  bpo>'G£;b. 


P^HT    II 


CATALOGUE  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


OF  THE 


ECONOMICAL  INVERTEBRATES 


OF 


THE  AMERICAN   COASTS 


BY 


W.    H.    D^LL, 


349 


ILOGUE  OF  ILirSTRATIOXS  OF  THI'l  ECONOMirAL  IXVEU- 

tei;ratf.s  of  the  American  coasts. 


MOLLUSOA. 
cephalopoda^— Squids  and  cuttles. 


H         3i!0(i3.  hrjijn  "Uonr,'' or  cutUMtciim,  in  uutiiral  coiulitioii.    East  coast  of  I  bo 

H  Ijbitr^d  8tatrft.     IJftes:  Fuel  t«  cai;e-birila  rmpuring  liiun. 

V  33BMGa.  ronut'c:  I'owdoreil  avifio-buue;  Uitoit  iu  rcwriti»i;  over  erasures  ro 

prtvmit  blotUtig)  iu  iiRHlivtiie  :m  an  uiitncid. 
^^         3300G.  CutllMUh  {ftctAjpuH  pandaluji,  Gnbli).     Culil'urata  Iu  Alaska.     UtfrU 
^H  for  bait  in  ibe  coil-tUhery,  tnuX  by  tbe  iiutlvca  lor  fooil.    W.  M. 

^^H  UulL 

^^^BSSSTS.  Oil  nf  Aqiitil  {IhitiHfialfrphca  itltxchrow).     Cnpi.  N.  K.  Atvrood,  Prov- 
^^^^  lucotuwiif  Miiiw. 

Mliinca  ff:nii(rroE»oda. — Sea-snailb,  &c. 
A.  ViHiM : 


1.  Use*!  tor  food  or  Imit 


Alaska  lo  Cnlifoniia.    Indian 
Aloflkii  to  Califomtu.    ludtnn 


3«8a, 


aS909. 


;«e3Q. 


Velvet  cbltnn  (CnifitocItUtm  $Mlen), 

footl     W.  H.  I>nll. 
Coat-of'tnoil  abi'll  (Kalheiina  tunicata). 

food.     \V.  H.  Dull. 
LiiajK't  {Acma'a  tcBtudinaUa).     Oimni-rlirnt  lo  Labrnilnr.     W.  H.  Dnll. 
Wentoni  limpet  {.tomaa  patina).     Alaska  to  Calilbrnia.     \V.  II.  Dall. 
Roi'kvriukli)  (LHnrinn  guhti-itikronn),     Alaitka  loOrepon.     W.  II.  Pall. 
Feriwiiikb*  {Purpura  t^nal(mlaln).     Abiska  to  Cnlifoniia.     W.   H. 

Dall. 
Periwiukic  (l^urjmm  (w(nna),     California.    W.  H.  Dall. 
Pcriwiukiu  {Pvrpura  lapiUvn).     Capo  Cod  to  Labrador.     W*.  H.  DnlL 

3.  TJseAil  by  iiroduciug  i>enr1-shcll,  &c.: 


Tiirban-»boll  {TrorUiitru'i  uorrimni).     Califnniin.     11.  Ilonipbill. 
Tup-«liell  (Pomatttaj:  undutium),   in  uutur.il  fttatr.      Califoruia.      11. 

Henipbill. 
Top-shcU,  prrporvd  to  hIimw  pearly  luyCFB.     Califnniia.     II.  Hcrap- 

UiU. 
S9301.  SlannfACtnTrd  fttntc  of  vnrioiift  kinds  of  Atneriean  |»carl-9bcllfl  derived 

frnin  ^iuit<<rnpnfU  nr  M'u-fumiU.     FtiruiHlied  by  A.  1).  Du  Freco  Sc 

Co.,  4'^  Hroadwoy.  Now  Y«ivk. 
6ea<ean  (JJaliotin   KamcitatKava),    nfibrdiug    pcarl^ahoU  and  food« 

AIa4ka.    J.  G.  Swati. 

SCI 


252     ANIMAL  BESOUaCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATE*. 

32t<K).  Roiigli  two-ear  (JT.  eoiiiiffaia).    Snutbrrn  Califi»nun.    tJned  fof  |i 
Hholl  And  for  food.     Speiinioii  in  milurM  ronditioii.     W.  11.  U 

.  Ron(rh  m-a-«ar.    Specimen  j»rinuid  ami  iKtlUhod  to  show  pearly  laji 

J.  T.  AuK-s. 
32W0.  Red  M'U-var  ur  abalooc  (i/.  rN/mmtJr).     Aluiitcrry,  CftU    VurU 
pejirl-alictll  oud  for  luod*     tipvcuuvus  in  natunil  coutUUim. 
ncnipUill. 

.  Red  »eA-ear.    Polislied  Hpt^ctmcn  Abowinj;  pearly  layem.    J.  T.  Ai 

.  Rt*d  Hcu-oar.    Fle&liy  port  ion  prepari-d  iiiiddrioflfur  fiMMl  tiy  (^allfc 

CbiUL'flc.     Cliinf80  inarkrt,  Califontia,     II.  lli'iiiphni. 
3'2823.  \Vbito  abalouc  (//.  crackfrtHlii),  prwluciu;;  |K>ar1-alioll  aiid  fiXML     ?Ci 

nrul  »(ato.     CaUfnmia.     ruiU  Scbiiniacbrr. 
33899.  ^\llitl>  ubalouf.     Nnlural  HtaU*.     Mnnlrrt\v.  CaL     TT.  Flmipbill. 

.  ^\^litt^  abalonr.     Polisbfil  to  nbow  pearly  layer*.     Jua.  T.  Amr«. 

4Tl>'i.  Wbilc  abnU^ne.     I'oUebcd  spcciniend. 
32e'21.  Sptrndid  twa-rar  (77.  •plcndi-nt)  aAonling  fowl  and  prarl'Shel].     Ci 

fomia.     Paul  Srhnraacbor. 
3'2«£)8.  Spk'iuliil  aoa-oar.     NACtiral  condition.      Sontbem  C*li4tfii3». 


HcmpbiU. 
Splendid  ecU'ear. 
SplontUd  twa-car. 
MuDufacturos  of 


Poliftbcd  to  iibon-  f»rnrly  laycm.     J.  *£.  Aiwn 
Young  .HptHiimcn  polUbeil.    J.  T.  Aukl 
Haliotin  tihvM,  (tbuwu)};   app1jr«tiniii   in   ihc 


FtirniNbed  by  A.  II.  Do  Vrvce  &  Co.*  4'^  Uro»<lw»y,  New  V<«-k, 


Ditto,     rurosol-bandles. 
phia,  Tn. 


rumiabed  by  Har\oy  JL  Fonl,  PI 


3.  Aflonling  airnco  aud  i>orcdam  stock : 

0966.  Camoo-rtbnll  (Casait  rn/a),  UBod  for  caineo  catting.     FloridA. 

Win.  StimiMon. 
.  Qnocn  concb  (Sd-ombHn  gUja^).  rxpArtc*!  to  Liverpool  in  grrat 

ben  oud  gronud  up  for  inukiag  potcvbtln.^    Wii«t  Indira. 

4.  Used  in  ludian  trndo: 

2705.  Xlyqiia  shell  {lUiitaiium  tndianorvm),  txacA  hi  Imlinn  tr«df>.     In 

cuw  tbe  slii'lU  hitvc  l>rrn  made  into  »  belt  by  tb**  purcboiMcr.     Vt 
coa«t  of  Amoiic*.    V.  8.  Exploring  Expedition. 

5.  Affording  dyestnjflfe: 

3S90T.  St'a-buiv  ( Jj>/y*i«j.     Affurdina  inir]jlr  d>  i'.     Florida.     K.  B.  M«irk« 

3988G.  Sea-banr.     S|M>riinf  a  of  iIil*  pn^do  lluiiL     F.  It.  Morlc. 

XjDll.  Vnrftlti  6hv}U  {rhgtlotiotHA  radlr),    Ormuncntol  and  ptodnrin^  d] 

Lower  CaUfomia.     W.  H.  Dall. 
3^912.  Vur\t\*i  HheW»  iPhtflhuotait  hU-i>htr).    Uiwd  for  omAOMUta  and 

lug  dyo.    Wtfttt  coast  of  AUH*ricA.     VT.  11.  Datt. 


G.  Affording:  bii*d-lime: 

93060.  Giant  elng  {ArMimax  cofumbianu*),  affopU  a  iblck  teoadncn 
witifb  in  used  by  flip  IndJAus  lu  Uiii«  Imuimlng-blnU.  Call 
to  Abuka.     H.  HeuipliUI. 

*  Tbi^  M'u-oara  uud  quccu  cuuclw  tuv  uUo  largely  ueied  in  luUiao  trwle  is  a 
factored  etalc. 


ANIMAL  RE80UBCE8  AXD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     253 
B.  Ilijilhous: 

1.  By  dostroyius  food-producing  molliiKlvS  or  rIioU  Q^li, 
such  im  clams,  iniissols,  oysters,  and  razor-fiHli : 

Bibbon  whrlk  (Fulffttf  mrica).    FInritla.     T.  A.  Tonnnl. 
3StSG0.  1t«n-rnu'il  vchtWi  {Fnfgur  pfrrmn),    Caroliniifl.    I»r.  Wni.  Stimi»flon. 
3K61.  lUiiy  whelk  {S^ivlj/pu*  eatiuiicHtntN9).    Vlnoynnl  Sound.    Dr.  Wiu. 

3>^fU.  ■WinsiHl  eonrh  (StrfmbttM  ataiuB).    Tanjpa  lltiy,  Florida.    T.  A.  Conrml. 
9tfb63.  Timrny  ilrill  (IInni/u»ua  bkoivHtitHM).     Tuiiijiu.  Bay,  P'lorida.     T.  A. 

ftmrad, 
39B35.  l>TiM{l'nnialpinreiarrrHs).  Florida  to  MnMitfliiiitertift  Bay.  W.  H.  Dall, 
aavrSw  Dnn.    SomU  Norwiilk,  Conn.    Hoyt  Btoh. 

3383?.  Pmwinlilo  (Purpura  Jhrittann),    Bitnvtaria  15ay,  La.    GasttiT  Kohn. 
aS^OS.  8ita-Knail  (/.uiiff/m /^in'Wi).    MonU-rry,  Cal.     H.  Hcinpltill. 
W5>13.  Sl^a-MuaiI  (^>riTi/a  rfcltuiatia).     OalifomiA.     W.  H.  Dnil. 
H7Hi20,  8u»-«iaU  (Serertta  duplirata).    North  rartiHna.    T.  D.  Kurtz. 
Ara-ftunil  {tumatia  hriim).    Mun^uchiitiotts  IJjiy.    C.  K.  t^iller. 

2.  Injunons  l>y   dfstroying  vegetable  Hubstances  and 
garden  plants: 

330aS.  Blag  {Liauu  Jlcwtdom),    Oakland,  Cal.    II.  nciopliill. 

ilunca  acephnla.— BiY.VLYi:  shellfish. 
A,  Producing  food  or  nse«l  as  bait. 


•  Oysters. 

\.  Series  illustrating  diMtribution  and  geographical  vari- 
etie«: 

irea  virg^inica,  Omoliu. — Kaj^t  Amkrican  oybtrrb. 

327^.  Kortbfm  varlrty  (O.  hortalit,  Lam.)    Priuco  Edward's  lalaud.     J. 

W.  UawMon. 
3WI3.  Nnva  H«»iia.    .1,  II.  WfllU. 
IWW.  Wif-diai-,  Niw  Bnuswick.    W.  II.  Dull. 
SMW.  "  Puurrirr  Bed."    Hbfdino,  New  BruiiHwick.    0.  F.  Matbvw. 
33003.  "nijctout'hr."    Kfiit  Comity,  NVw  Bniuswick.    G.  F.  Matbew. 
3S7H3.  Minimkhi  Diver,  New  Ilmndwltk.    ^Y.  11.  Dall. 
32977.  Ini]lj;*'noiiHO)'«ter,  now  extinct.    Shcll-brapH.    DaiaarificottA,  Maiho. 

Knbirt-  Dixon. 
380TH,  Ditto.    SboU-lR'ajift.    8fapcp8C0i  nivor,  MaiiM^.    Ru1>ert  Dixon. 
30910.  lndi;;4-nonii  oyiitor(var.  boreaUt).    Titizia.nV»  Bay,  Maw.     Dr.  Wm. 

8tLiu[>M>n. 
39^4.  S|H>(*uucuA  Aliotrin^  tolur-bandH.     )0io4k>  Ifibuid.    rienrrnl  Tntti'U. 

Pfore. — TIk"  folluwin^  wrios  of  uyHtera  from  tbe  vicinity  of  Now 
York  wpro  fnrui*tipd  by  Mr.  B,  J.  M.  Cnrloy,  oystornloalcr,  of 
Ftilton  Murkot.  New  York,  Ihrungb  Mr.  K.  O.  Blackfonl: 
32?00.  **rJn><'nwli!h.''    On'**nwirb,  Conn. 
SfTTT.  ♦Mllni"  Point.*'    Lon;r  twlnnd.  New-  York. 
30«7tt.  "Ltoyd'if  lUrlKir."    Long  Island,  Nuw  York. 


ZT, — rir    -jiiuwim:  ■nrifs  frum  the  -waterB  of  ^ 

Im— iua 1  3iii£:^nuna  "r  "nutuxul  growths''  asi 

T'^Bi     ••iiuii!*.  ■  -Ti-m  ^leccwl  by  Sir.  G.  W.  Harvey,  t 
•■-  r=*r"-v  ^  IluitU'n.  -  irMter-^ltfaittrs  uf  Wadhiugtoi 
'•i     ■.■[timxf  ili^fr. '    MaxrijAtL 
.*.*■  ■  TTvii. '     !:IaaHiix  ^uuir  nt  Marylonil. 

•  :ji^;,.i-  <^Muu*"    ■  'htMupvoke  Bay. 

•.:»  LCivrr. '     'Ve^tpni  >iuitT  nf  MarrUuul. 
•cut  -.tiMiiu  t'rmk. "     Virinii^a. 

•  A>kauuvx.  '     -IjaUim  >uurv  •■c  \~t^aix 

•  .i.-tN«ujimwk. '     T^ppuiunnm-k  River.  Virginia. 

t!*  .::•*•»-.  ■     ".'■»ris,  iliver.  Vli^jni:L 

■  r*-*M/twa»  '        IicMiiiviiki.'  3a>~. 
"*-^  •  ■*  ,  ■■*^». '     '.*r»r»ov  >  •.*r«?k,  Viiwinia. 

-ui^'^iiju.  -*rr:r»    rvin  j'^orzda   Ttre   Aimuheil 
.■^    ■.  *  ^. 
••■■^.^  ^i«<-tai  Ja>.  '     \.ppaiaA.iiiciiia  Bay.  FTiintla. 

^lUUr    •H.-^tiitV' 

.:.  .'-K  _    .?».ir*» "     v;*i»uiai-liie(ila  Bay.  Flon<Lt 

-^     1.   ^^  .'r^Mi%v-*trvm  rhe  vk-inity  of  NewOrwami' 
.     I.    \..;tin»ii.   lUii  I'liruishvil  Iiy  "W.  Alex.O-:rioQ, 
■■  i.j^     .1. 
-    ,it.<.  ■    'u.*.'     Louitiiana, 
N.^.,^  <  ><  •««    'lefr. "     Louisiana. 
.1,  -.ii-'Vik.'     Louisiana. 
...    ^.<  ■  Kt^  *    LutiiMana. 
.:>.)«■.   ..i^L*. '    Louibiana. 


viih^r%.4  mjitttt   .vi-.— ^Vkst  coast  oysters. 


.^    i.>-Kvut  City,  Cal.      W.  H. Dall. 


AXDIAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISII£RIi:S  OF  UNITED  STATES       255 

2.  Series  illnstratiug  culture  and  iudividual  vamtioiui: 
rir^iniea^  Gmelin. — East  American  otsticbs. 

That  iKirtjun  of  tlio  scries  fVom  SnutU  Norwalk,  Conn.,  wuj*  fur- 
iUkIk^^I  liy  Huyl  Dnts.  u(  tlmt  ]il.tct'.  at  th(^  iuMauov  ol'  .)jriiH*A 
Riobanlfloiit  otiq.  The  iKirtion  of  the  wfiva  fh>m  the  ricinily  of 
Xew  York  wa«  Inrnwbed  by  Sir.  IJ.  J,  M.  CarU-y  tliroii|;;li  Mr.  i:. 
O.  Ulnchford,  of  New  York. 

0.  Growth.    1-20  years  old: 

Young  spat  nn  various  stoold.     South  Norwalk,  Conn* 
K  Oue  year  old.     .South  Non\*alk,  Conn. 

Two  to  thr«»  y(!nn  old.     Nntiiral  growth.    Sonth  Norwalk,  Conu. 

1.  Thiw?  to  four  year*  old.     Nutiiial  growth.     8<»iith  Norwalk,  Cuuu. 
•'CnllirTM.''    Tbn-'o  to  fonr  years  old.     ^loIlth  Xorwalk^  Coim. 
Tlirt*  yean  al>iT  trunsplautation.     i^outh  Norwalk,  Conn. 
"Box,"    Four  to  MX  yuam  old.     H>oath  Norwalk,  Conu. 

H6.   "CoUew,"    Thrw;  yvan*  oUL     Viciiiity  uf  New  Voik. 
IIB.  "Single  extra."    Four  years  old.    Vicinity  of  Xcw  York. 
r7<t.  "Double  rxtra."    Vicinity  of  New  York. 
>n.  "  Box."    Thrws  ycnnt  old,    Vieiuity  of  New  York. 


b,  Pecidiarities  of  form  and  growth: 

•*Plncli<»d"  oyitlrr  fr<»m  muddy  iHittom.     8c*urh  Niirwalk,  Conn. 
Sliowifig  I'iTiTt  of  tninsidanting  the  "piufhed"  fitnu  a  muddy  to  a 

haril  bottom.     South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Form  caniHMl  l»y  jijowing  In  a  tideway.     Vicinity  of  Now  York. 
Form  cHutu'd  by  growing  iu  still  wal«r.     Vii-iuily  of  New  York, 
i.'urioiiii  funuh  of  olioll.     South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Peculiar  growth.     Vicinity  of  New  York, 
8|HK'iini'Ui*  of  jM'rnliar  fonn.     Vicinity  of  Now  York. 
Natural  growth  on  etono.    South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Natural  growth  on  part  of  atone  Jug.    South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Natural  growth  oa  dliclU.    South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Natural  growth  on  bottle.     South  Norwalk,  Cotiu. 
Natural  gmwtli  on  rrati.     Sonth  Norwalk,  Couu. 
IlUiNiruting  m«r)i>KlH  of  attachment.     Vicinity  uf  New  York. 
[4.  Blue  Point  •'sootl.''    Long  Inland.  New  York. 
UoM'lte  of  oystt'TS.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 
Sliell  growing  on  Muetra  mh^dl.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 
••  Swd ''  on  old  rul)ber  l>oor.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 
•'RmmI  "  growing  on  t*ton*.     Vk-inlty  of  Niw  Y«trk, 
"S«*'d"  ou  ntld^rr  dhm*.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 
•'  (k'**! "  ou  iHme.     Vieinlty  of  New  York. 
•*eciMl  '*  un  bark.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 
"Soiid**oti  h'uther  «hiM*.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 
aSOH.  "Sf'rtl"  on  old  tMiot-leg.     Vicinity  of  New  York. 

e,  'Etxeaties  and  parasites : 

SpeciuenM  iiijurod  by  whelk.     South  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Specijitttiu  injurvd  by  hairj  whdk.     South  ^'orivalk,  Conn. 


.[Tuuiikfe — rrnma  ■■iatm    ^  vflrcanvM.  L.). 

DtcTo.     PmviujMue  RLtvs;  ffTmfai  XiilaDdk    Bcq^  DAtik 
Dirro.     " '^aannuHii'' rar.     FinfidMi^    B>.  J.lLCariey. 

Dtrto.     Botarona  Bav.  La.    Gascav-  Koluau 

Dtnu.     I>«*iiiniie«l  ^pn^unen^    L»ng  Uaml  Sood.    B.  J.  U.  Caricy. 

Uirtu.    ^f>«i-tmeiitf  >u*  -theil  puIuheiL    Jaa^  T.  Aints. 

-  Hi'ii  >:lani'*     Fachi/derma  a  atmtBfJmdn,  Cour.)*     Califimiia.     IT. 

H.  DiuL 
"  Ikuuiid  cLuna"  v^^uiifimiia  «ratef,  G1«L).     San  Diego,  CaL     H. 

"  Puintvii i.-lam"  iCullitta  tyfantat,  CIl).    South  Carolina. 

"tittlo  Nock  elanu"  (CAHwenioriacte,  YaL).    San  Diego,  CaL    ^^ 

IH'JO.    v<-'-  ^imitUmaj  Shy.).    Son  Diego,  CaL    H.  HempbilL 


^XtMAL  BESOL'RCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  CSITED  STATES.      257 


3a(}56. 


PUto.     (Tape*  Utdulataf  Cpr.).     Sait  Dief;o,  Cal.     IT.  llenipliiU. 

Ditto.    (7*.  i/untJNcd,  Conr.)*     UaulinoD.  Col.     11.  UvniphJll. 

l>itlo.    Tuniitlia  Uity,  Cul.     H.  Ucmphill. 

"  ll«'ii  rlnni"  {Mactra  soUdianma^  Ch.).  MiUisn<-1iust.-ttB  Bay.  W.  H. 
DiiU. 

UUto.    MicllaTiflllzrdforcotch-aUs.    Newport,  IM.    N.  C.  rotcwon. 

|)Ut«.     { Jr. /«/«!/«,  OM.).     Al;isk»  lo  Califoriiiii.     W.  H.  Dull. 

'HUprfH"  (SrhiziilhitrtiM  Hutfalli,  Ctm.).      Ol'«'g<m.      J.G.Swui. 

Dittu.     li;4itIiu»H,  C»l.     H.  H'-inpliill. 

tsMliimii  tfllt'M  (  J/«c«nm,  sp.}.     Floridii.     T.  A.  Cotira*!. 

'*Tl^lloIL«*'(J/.  HontCj  Cour.).  Siut  Francisco  markeU.  U.  Uexnp- 
hill. 

*•  Flat  clttm"  (Semtle  deelmi^  Cpr.)-    S»n  Diogo,  Cal.     H.  Ilcmphin. 

"Ro):or-ll».lj"(.<£oyr«rn#M,  L,).    Cow  Itiiy,  Nfw  York.    B.J.  M.  Cju-ley. 

Ditto.     {.SiliijHii  fMlula,  Dixon.)     Aliwka  to  C4iUfomia.     W.  D.  Dal). 

''Hoft-slicUoil  eljims"  (.V^*i  arfttaria,  L.)-  tttpe  Cod,  Maan.  E.  O. 
BlurkfonL 

Ditto.     0>-(»ter  Bay,  L.  I.     E.  O.  Blockfora. 

Dittu.  AcntlruUtlly  trniinplnntml  with  young  oyBt^rs  fo  San  Fran- 
oinco  Bay,  wht-ro  it  now  abounds  greatly.  Oiiklaud,  CaL  II. 
HtiaipliiU. 

Dltli).     Uiiy  of  Fuudy,  X.  R.     O.  F.  Matliew. 

Dat«-nali  {VlattjodoH  canocllatittj  L.).  Baolinaa  Bay,  Col.  H.  Hemp- 
hill. 

Ditto.     (Zirphmi  crifpttlOj  L.).     Brtulinos,  Cal.     IT.  HempliiU. 


B.  Uflcfii]  or  ornamcntol  bivnivos  other  than  tbosc  afibrding 
food: 

«.  Pcarl-nrodticing. 

1.  liivcr  mnsHeUt: 

Biv«r  intmwl  atrurdiiig  iioarl -shell,  iUiistr.iting  application  of  raw 
material,     rinciuimti,  Oliio.     D.  11.  Shaffer. 
WOOi.  CiiTviag»,  frora  poarl-^h^-ll  ntTorOed  by  river  maawls,  for iibo  as  aiads, 

biitioiui,  piuM,  hroorhc'H,  tic.    CiiK-iiiimti,  Ohio.     D.  II.  Shiiffor. 
'9lnD2^.  IVATlmhTivivl  frnm river miuiicU.    Cine tunati,  Ohio.    D.  ILShafTer. 
— ^.  A  *ori(«  of  river  muMtils  of  various  species,  one  valve  poli»hed^  the 
other  iti  its  f*rigiual  coiiditiou  tit  eooh  caao.    Chicopce,  Kloas.    Joit. 
T.  AinfR, 
SE09G  to  3(}f)in.  Another  m^ricA,  both  TaWea  polished,  fhim  Dr.  C.  A.  MUler, 
Ciiuinituti.  OliJo,  coniprisUig  the  following  species: 
Vnio  rviiowus,  Damra. 
alalut,  Huy. 
ornutuiif  Lea. 
vemKOuvs,  Bam  eg. 
ffiblmnuKj  Biirucsi. 
rerfifjr,  l.am. 
eyiimlrirn/i,  8uy. 
ptframittatMM^  Lea. 
tuhiwMtatHii,  nnruPS. 
ailiguoidcM,  Bantoa. 
rirenluM,  Lf*a. 
anodontoidea.  Lea. 
puttuloKUM,  Lea. 
cuntaian,  Barnes,  &c.,  &.C. 


258      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STA1 

2.  Marine  pearl-shells: 

13607.  Axnorioan  peiirl-o.vBtcr  {M.Jimbriata)*    Tunamo.  *Col.  JnTC*^^^ 
3034.  Ditto,     llliidtritling  fnnnation  tif  jiearls.     Piuiiuuft.     Cul.  3vV^ 
38836.  Ditto.     Gulf  of  Catifomia.    J.  XaiUiiH. 

.  Ditto.    Puliifhcfl  shell.     Ctilcojiec,  Mu«s.     Ja«.  T.  Anl^s.  fc 

321^21.  Ditto.     Mtt(lt)  iutu  urtiiicial  (iMh-bait.     Boatun,  Man*.     BruiUunf 

AJitbony. 
32923.  Ditto.    Made  into  artilicial  nutmow.     BoAtou,  Mam.     findfwd 
Anthony. 

.  Sme«  of  buttons,  vtntlfl,  atopper^^ftpA,  A«.    Mamifbetnmd  frnat,  i 

Bhoning  application  of  AmerirAn  pcarl-oyntrr  shf^lt.      FuniUh«4^ 
by  A.  U.  Do  I;>cuc  &  Co.,  4&J  tiroadwar,  Kow  York. 

6.  Otlierwise  useful : 


328G0.   "Hen  eliun"  {Mactra  Mlidi^aia,  Ch.)-     Shell  dmmI  for  Rcoopa, 
tikiiuiuers,  aud  boat-biLiler«.    I'alut«d  Infltdc  and  nsed  for  ratr] 
99G!i?7.  Uiuki't.     Made*  from  Ftohiiash^lU.    £.  F.  GillHTt,  Jacktwravilltt,] 

22210.  BoHkct.     Madu  troui  Fluridu  hIwUs.    Un,  C.  E.  Mutt,  JukBmii 

Fla. 
SS909.  Frame.    Made  &Yim  Flohda  aeordicUt.    Mn.  C.  E.  Mott,  Ji 
villo.  Fla. 

22211.  Easter  Croaa.    Made  from  Florida  sliella.    Mrs.  C.  E.  Mon,  Ji 

villo,  Fla. 
S9526.  Shell  dowers. 

vUle.  Fin. 
36605.  "Coquiua."     MiM'ellant'ons  8j»rrii.>a  brokpn  up  and  cnt  i  ^ 

action  into  a  natural  conglouii.'rato,  Uiied  fur  bai!  i 

for  making  a  superior  kind  of  Ume.  *  Saint  Angnatiiu-,  I'U. 

Browne  Goo*lo. 

32839.  "Cunwit*  dam"  {GunthoiloH  t^Hcntut).    Vtad  largely  fur  bttil.    Sj 
«  nral  rondition.     I.akti  Pontthartraiu,  La.     (luHtav  Kolin- 

32840.  Ditto.    Bemi-foastl  (tn  BhoII-hoaps),  nacd  for  iuiu.'adanii£ln|[ 

Lake  Salvador,  La.     Gu8tav  Kohn. 


Made  l^m  Florida  iibclU.     £.  F.  Qt1b«r1,  J«cl 


C.  Injurious  bivalves : 
a.  Destroying  submerged  timber: 
Si)eciiuens  of  wood  showing  ravages: 


dUSL  Sbip-7onn  {Tertdo  sp.).     Bangor,  Me,    (Brig  H.  D,  £10017.)    C. 

Parker. 
38906.  Ditto.     In  lig^uiimviifc  wood.    QlotutMt^r,  Mma.     Bomoel  ElwvU. 
33106.  Ditto.    {Teredo  dihrotiea,  Gld.)    'WotxVt  Uoll,  Maim.     TisuU  N.  K^ 

irarda. 
33105.  Ditto.     {XfJotTjfa  Jimhriata,  Jcttt.)     WoodV  Holl.  M««.     ViaftI 

Ed  ward  N. 
iVtam.  Ditto.    ( rrrndo  MratUf  U)    New  Haven,  Coun.    A«  E.  VnTrill. 
32002,  Ditto.     ( Tetrdo  Hi*.)    Slionln^ diuuaftc tdVctod  In  whtlfvpjoe  wood ia' 

Olio  year.     Pi»,T  U,  Nortb  Hiv«^r,  N.  Y.     W.  T.  IVllon. 
329(U.  Ditto.     8ho\rin^  datiifi^e  to  hard-pino  woiid  off»ct«tS  in  noa 

i'liarI<<iitou,  8.  C.     W.  T.  Pi^Iton. 
33N3.  Ditto.    Snhooiior  Carrie  Uolvln;  dono  tnCwtekft.*  CbAckalCM,: 

A.  U.  Huuu 


EKaoCRCES  A3(D  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES       259 


aoSlAL  Shlp-worm.     (TWrrfo  Bp.).     Gulf  coast,    Dowcy. 
3dH]6.  Dittn.     t^hnwuif;  lining  uf  tubes.     Texas.     Dr.  Schott. 
tM>5.  Ditta     (Xjftoiiya  sp.)    Coast  of  Oni^u.    J.  G.  8waa. 

D,  Prepared  fooiln: 

*  Si»cdmeiia  of  various  brands  of  caimcil.  presc?r\-od,  and 
pickltnl  Bhell-liiili  in  manrUacttirors*  packages: 


Blue  Point.     M,  .1.  M.  Larley. 
SudOk^  KcKikv.     B.  J.  ^.  Curlcy, 


SGTJ'J.  Pickled  oysiere  (0«(iwi  rirjrfrtifti). 
yCOtfl.  PieklcU  oysters  {fMrra  vinjinicu) 

New  Yirrk. 
S^SSX  Pre«b  Cove  oygtera  {Ortrta  cit^niea),     Kemp,  Day  &,  Co.,  New  York. 
1 9Si0M-^4.  FretihCovooyatf're  (0)t(r<vi  vinjimica).    Kemp,  Day  &  Co.,  Now  York. 
iSSd61-3.  Spiced  Covo  oysU-ra  {(Jstrcc  rtrf;inica),  bennotically  «eali>d.     Kemp, 

Day  Jt  Co.,  New  York. 
[18537.  rickJM]  Little  Neck  cloma  (il/f/a  arenaria).     D.  J.  M.  Carlcy. 
[9B&Si,  VicklMl  ti\ama  {Venus  mercenaria).     "Cow  Bay."     B.  J.  M.  Carley. 

Th<^  Kariuvpr'  Old  OrcUard  Beach  claim*  (Lilllo  Nocka,  atur  brand)*, 
Piirlluud  PiU'Viuj;  Cuiiipuiiy,  Portland,  Mo. 
[10575.  PickUiI  dcallopA  (/Vr^ra  irra^fiViM}.     Oyst4>r  Bay.     B.  J.  M.  Car1«y. 
18660.  Pickled  Tniisacld  (M^dUu  «/«/«).     East  Kiver,  N.  Y.     B.  J.  M.  Corley, 

New  York. 
[ISBTIb  Scarboro*  Beach  clanu  (  rra««  mereenaria).    Put  op  by  BunUiam  Sl 

Morrill,  PortlamI,  Me.     Kemp.Diiy  &  Co., Now  York. 
t56B4  ft.  Orelianl  Beiu*b  dams  (  Voittti  memnaria),    Kemp,  Daj'  &.  Co..  Now 

York- 
SGM7-9.  Litlio  Ncckclame  (^jra  ar«naria\    Kemp,  Day  &  Co., New  York. 
SSH70HL  Little  Neck  clamM  (JUya  arenaria).    Pot  up  by  Uogart  &.  Co.,  Now 

Toric    Kemp,  Day  &  Co.,  Now  York. 
S48li5.  Little  Neck  olatus  (J/jra  anmaria),     Wm.  Cuilerwood  4^  Co.,  Bottiou, 

MaM. 
fi!83&-€.  PickJed  Little  Neck  clama  (.l/;ya  arrttaria).     Penobscot  Bay.     Caa- 

tine  Packing  Company,  Caatiuc,  Mc, 
S67Q8L  Aldoii*H  jn^niilato4l  rlfimn.  Pn<pared  by  Aldon  8ea-Food  Company. 
Sold  by  Lyon  Mnnufacturing  Company,  Now  York,  l^reaeuted  by 
E.  G.  Blnckfonl,  New  York. 
967S3.  AJden's  ^ninuluti'd  and  ronccntrafed  damn  (paper  boxes).  Prepurod 
by  Allien  Aea-Food  l-'umpnay.  Sold  by  Lyon  Maniifactiiruig  C'om- 
IMUy,  N.  Y.    I'reaentod  by  £.  U.  BUckibitl,  New  York. 

•  •  Otherwise  prepai-ed. 

G079.  Dried  siphons  of  SchUothtniut  XuttaJli,    Prepared  by  the  Pnget  Soaud 
ludiaiw,  WftiiluTer.     Dr.  J.  O.  Buckley,  T.  8.  Army. 

CnUSTACEA. 

iftlAcra  phyllopoda. 

A.  Uiiieful;  euaverted  into  furlilizci-fl;  carapax  UBcdaiaMOOp 

or  bortt-biiiltT: 
nS2.  Kiut;  crab,  Hon<aboe  (tfrnuJu  poft/phemut),    Florida.    F.  B.  Meek. 
SBN3.  Ditto.    Male  and  femal«>.     C^ijic  May  C.  H^  New  Jent>y.     ThtM. 

Beeslcy. 
2tt3L  Ditto.    Prodnoi  "cancrine."  prepared  forlilizor.     Cape  May  C.  0., 

Now  Joncy.    Thos.  Bccaley. 


260      ANIMAL  RESOrRCES  ASD  FISUEKIES  OF  ITNTTED  STAXa 

A.  Useful;  by  removing  wrecks  or  Bnags. 

B.  IiyiiruMiH ;  by  destroying  submerged  timber. 

3£Z8G.  WiMKlfuter  {Limnorin  UffHonim,  VTbUv).     San  Diogo,  Cat    11.  Ue 

lull. 
8254.  Ditto.    XcTT  Havf  n,  Conn.    A.  £.  Verrill. 

a.  Wood  showing  ravages: 

2240.  r:Asti>ftrt,  Me.  V.  S.  FUh  CommtiMion. 
t£290.  'NVooU'm  lloll,  Mum.  Vinal  N.  EdwanU. 
itiiiU  San  Uiego,  CiO.    II.  HciupliilL 

CriiNlarra  pifomatopoda. 

Available  for  food: 

SSS&.  Squill  (^t7Ia  mtpowi,  8»y).    Long  XslAud  Sonud.     U.  &  Fbh  C4 

misciion. 
aS6R.  Southern  squill  (CoronU  glaMu9culat  Stm.).    Gal\*e«ton.  Tcxoa. 

Wallttco. 


Criislacea  decapoda.— Lobsters,  shbdip,  cBA^-FisHy  crabs. 

A.  Useful;  food-supplying: 
SS63.  River  shrimp  (/*«/(rwio«  gp.).     New  Orlrant*,  Lii,     Gtwtav  Kohn, 
2S64.  Ditto.     {Tat.  ohwnie,  8niUb.)    New  Orlrnna.  Ln.    GnHtaT  Roho. 
V^OO.  Ditto.     {PalamiiHf}    lathnins  of  Putiania.     Dr.  RnuiKfnrd. 
2253.  Sea  Mhritnii  (Pol^rmoMtcswtffarUj&tm.)*    Long  lahiud  SouniL     17. 

Fisb  Couunisaion. 
3S1I.  Shrimp  (/'anrfd/fiji  Danof,  Stm.),  ns  dried  for  export  by  C«Illbi 

Chinftso.     »Srtu  Finncisoo,  C»l.     H.  Honiphill. 
3220.  Dittu.     {UipixAtfto   brmHroftriM,   Dana.)      ^^un   Fraodaoo,    CaL 

UoDipliilt. 


Stm.) 


«ani. 

23W). 


Fbr.) 


Gir.) 


San    Fraueinco^   C&L 
Now  Euglnnd  coovt. 
V,  Nutt.).    CalLforuiiL. 


U.  S, 


J.  R. 


Xcw  Orlrants  La.    Gairfav  K< 
I'otoiuAc  Rivrr,  Vii.    J.  W.  Mil 
New  y<irk.    E.  U.  Ulackft 
ViuoyftKU  Sound.  Alw 


2213. 


2215. 


Ditto.      (CrattgoH 

Uvmphill. 
Ditto.     (Cmirf/on  vvfyariSt 

Coinuiirtetioii. 
River  crawli&h  ( JWocHif 

haul. 
Ditto.     (Ciimharit^  Clarlil, 
KcTi'ViM^  ( C'ambams  a^itu,  Er, ). 
I^>twt*r  (//offlrtru*  amrricatiWj  Edw.), 
Ditto.     S<<ri«:0  9howiug  young  iitttgvtt. 

S.  Fish  CommiMion. 
Ditto.    Young  spcfiuirus,  dry.     MamackoMtU  Day.     ^ 

CommiMion. 
Ditto.     Claws  of  cxtmordinary  8i»s.     MBMacilinwitti   I'-ik^. 

Lawrence. 
Ditto.     Ri'rnarkahly  ahnnrnuil  rUw^    Nitw^iort,  R.  t.    J^  U.  Cluki 
Ditto.     Nouuk.  L'oun.    T.  &  E.  11.  Fottcr. 
Pincuuhioa,  ttiowing  iipi»lirHiion  of  lobtter-clnws,     WeUfleot, 

MiM  AnaWl  Stono. 
rrumir  Sea  crawfub  (/'diiH/f/iu  jntrrrwff**,  Baa.}t.    Santft  Barbara 

Cbatiut'l.  CdL     H.  llcuiphiU. 


.UnSUL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UKITED  STATES.     261 


tttiL  Crali  (PlattftmichuM  octlUtiu,  Ldlr.)-     Vineyard  Sound,  Mus.    U.  B. 

FUh  ConimiHfunn. 
2Ki6.  Ditto.     (I'anopcun  llrrbttii,  Edw.)    New  Orleans,  La.     Gnetnv  Kohii. 
St47.  Ditto,     (rfireiniMMirrrtfN,  Leach.)    Np-w  Haven,  Conn.     A.  K.  Verrill. 
2iU3.  ••  S4-(ft-«bi'lI<'"!  "  (in  f-rrlaju  Ma^t-M  only)  crab  {CullintHrtf  lun^tniuH^ 

Say).    Vineyard  fv>mid,  Mom.     V.  8.  FiBh  CnmniiHsiou. 
SS49.  Dilto.    LdUtf  Itilanil  SiMind.     U.  8.  Fish  Commi^stou. 
SB18.  Ke]i»-crttb    {Ejmthuit    prwiuritaf    Randall).       Monterey,    Cal.       11. 

Beaphill. 
9244.  Crsb  (divoer  bortalU,  St.).     Ca«oa  Buy,  Maine.     U.  S.  Fish  Conuniit- 

Bion. 
SM2.  CouiiiKiiirr»b(C;aitnrirr9rdliM,  Say).    Cosco  Bay,  Maine.    U.  8.  Fuh 

Conmiissiou. 
9S45.  Difl'i.     Viueyard  Sound.  Mans.    V.  8.  Finh  CotnmisMDu. 
8S17.  Soallopi'd  crab  (Conocr  aniennaruu,  Stu.).    San  Fnmciaco,  Cal.     It. 

IlemphilL 
2216.  Markt't  crab  (Ctmt^r  magiater^  Dana).     San  Franciaoo,   Cal.      IL 

Ilenipliill. 

B.  Cominensiil  with  other  fuod  supplies: 

9a0C.  Oyiit«r-crab  {I'inftQtMt^ft  Mtreum^  Say).  CommenAal  witli  all  Binitb- 
cm  oyatorj*  aud  witli  n«rtberu-t\v»lcr8  iu  nortbiTii  rivrnt  wlii^ro' 
tbe  tMiutliiTu  oysters  Imvu  been  long  planted.  New  York.  K.  G. 
Blacklonl. 

SSfS.  Ditto.     C'oinmcnoal  on  tbo  Treatcin  coast  with    Pttrhydttmn    and 
Mjfitlu4  ai(if0rviafiM9.    San  Diego,  Col.     U.  llcmpliill. 

C.  lujurious  by  burrowing  into  and  vreakoning  Icveea  and 

damH: 

S9C1.  CrowAfth  {Cambarwi   Ctarlii,  Gir.  and  rooet  other  spociea).      New 

Orlraiia,  La.    CitiKtav  Kobn. 
SSBO.  FiddJct-crab  (6>/u«iiniMj>M<^ax,  Smith).    Nrw  Orleans,  La.     Gastar, 
Kobo. 

D-  Prepared  fooda: 

Canuwl  lobster  and  crabs  in  manufacturers'  padiages: 

1^  Canned  lohnt^r  (llovinnu  americamtig),    Kemp,  Day  &  Co.,  New 
Vork. 
'.  Caiuusd  lobster  (Ilomaruii  anuriotniui).    Costine^  He.    Castine  Pack- 
Ing  Company. 

KrrUistnr-lutstcr  (star  brand).     Portland  Packing  Cinopany,  Port- 
land, Me. 
»L  Ytt^U  atar-lobiitoi  (star  brand).     Portland  Packing  Company,  Port- 
land, Mo. 

I'rrah  lobnter  ( UomarH*  amrricQHuit),    Wra.  Underwood  &  Co.,  Boston, 
Mom. 

Cattned  lohnifT  (JTomttruii  (tmrrira»H»).    Kemp,  Day  A  Co.,  New  York. 
tMOCfii  Oriftnttl  ilrviird  UibMer  {ItomarM  am«rii'ann»),     Wm,  irndcfWOOtl  &. 
Co.,  Boston,  Maas. 

Pickled  lubfttots  {IIomaru4  amcricitnuf).     Cape  Coit     B.  J.  M.  Carley, 
New  Yc»rk. 

Pickled  prawna.     SaranmUi,  Ga.     B.  J.  M,  CarWy. 


262     ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

Cirripcdia. 

Injurious : 
a.  By  duIllDg  the  edge  of  knives  and  spades  employed  in 
"  cutting  in"  whale  blubber: 

2270.  Whalo  barnacle  {Coronula  diadoMj  Lam.)  on  dried  elun  of  "hump- 

back "  whole.    New  England  coast.    U.  S.  Fish  Comnuasion. 

h.  By  obstructing  the  progression  of  vessels  upon  nrfaieh 
they  aflSx  themselves: 

2271.  Barnacles  (Baianua  mffahUf  &c.).    California.    H.  Hemphill. 

AMTULOSA. 
Annelida. — Wokms  and  leeches. 

A.  Useful: 

1.  In  surgery  and  medicine: 

322G.  Leech  (MacroMclIa  deooraj  Terrill).    New  Haven,  Comu    A.  E.  Vei>- 

rill. 
3237.  Ditto.    (3facro&^e/2a  sp.)    Mountain  Lake,  CaL    H.  HinnpUill. 

2.  For  bait  in  Ushing : 

3228.  Earthworm  {Lumhricus  icrreatrU,  L.).     Washington,  D.  C.    W.  Pal- 
mer. 
21239.  Sea-worm  (Xereii  ap.  T).    San  Francisco,  CaL    H.  Hemphill. 

3.  For  food: 

19713.  Dried  worms  {Ephedra  sp,)*     Prepared  for  foml  by  tlio  Moiiachef  Pi- 

Ute  Indians.     Oweu't*  Lake,  Cal.     Stephen  PttwiTH, 

19714.  Dried  wdrnm,    Vned  in  inakinj;  soup  by  the  Monaehve  Pi-Utt*  Indiana 

Owen's  Lake,  Cal.     Stephen  Powen*, 

B.  Injurious: 

1.  By  boring  into  and  destroying  oyster-shells: 

;j"-i9;>3(i.  OyMter-sliell,  showing  ravages  {of  lleteronercief).     South  Xorwalk, 
Conn,     lloyt  Urotliers. 
XoTK. — Insect.s  and  lairn?,  commonly  called  worms,  airecting 
ehielly  agrienUnral  interests,  are  not  here  iueluded. 

KADIATA. 

Radaaflrs.— Sr-A-iKcinxs,  starvisu,  coiials,  aniBrsj-:,  kt<\ 

X,  IS.  Strictly  ornamental  corals  and  gorgonias,  having  no  si>ocial 
useful  application,  have,  for  the  same  reasons  \vhieh  ne^-es- 
sitated  the  oxdusiou  of  the  solely  ornamental  shells,  iK-eu 
here  omitted. 

A.  rseful: 

1.  Food-producing: 

3*^t>.  Tn-paug;    lloehe-*U'-nier  (Ilohthuria  sp.T).     San   Diego,  Cal.     H- 
lleuipbill. 


AXniAL  CEMOUnCES  AM>  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     2G3 

SilS.  Sra-urcliln  (_Strotiffiflopfntrotu«  Hra^achitrnMit).     Now  England  cout. 

V.  8.  FtoU  Ctinimiauon. 
2\4&.  Ditto.    (Tostfpacuifteii  sit.)     SouUicni  United  States.     Dr.  Williun 

8tinipMni. 
3l4r)w  Ditto.    (T. /raneUcontm^  As.)    Alaslca  to  CftUfornm.    F.  BiAchofT. 

B.  ItgurioMs: 

J.  Destroying  oysters,  clams^  &c.: 

3S1-L  BtarflBb  (Attcrlat  rulffarit,  Stxn.).     PorllAnd,  Mo.     U.  8.  Flab  Com- 

tnJuioD. 
3149.  Ditto.     (,J«r.   arcMicoht,   Stui.)     Mnuachnsetto   Bay.     Dr.   William 

BtimjMon. 
Xna  Ditto.    Long  Iftlnnd  Sonnd.    IT.  8.  Fish  CommiMion. 
3I.V>.  Ditto.     Soutli  Nonralk,  Conn.     Hoyt  Brotbrrs. 
^I.Sl.  Dilto.     In  ocl  of  destroj-iug  oyfttvxs.    South  Norwnlk,  Conn.     Hoyt 

Bro  tiers. 

2.  By  their  uii^icatinp  pi^wera  annoyinj?  bathers  anil  "  foul- 
ing" noU  aud  flsliiiig  lines  with  slime — vuriuus 
AeaifpfiM, 

TROTOZOA. 

Protoxoaufl«^SroNGES,  etc. 

Fdeftil: 

JL  For  conveyance  of  fltiids  requirinj;  an  elastic  and  tem- 
poiiizy  menstruum^  and  as  a  detergent: 

3310.  8p(ni;;r  (mi  boiigio).     Bnston,  Moss.     J.  A.  'Levey. 
3U06-0,  Sjiongp  (Spouffin  barbara,  D.  &  M.).     inorida  Ki^ya  and  Dfibanms, 
l«aac»  &■  Cm.,  spougfHlcalcrs,  New  York. 

320&.  Dillo.     [Sfiottgia  fframinea,  Hyatt).    (Preporod  by  cleansing  for  tuc) 

K^y  Wr*t.     Boston  Sor.  Nat.  Hist. 
3303-4.  Ditto.    (Driod  In  natural  condition.)    Koy  Wcttt,    Boeton  8oc 

Nut.  HUt. 

3IOT  ^  1  Ditto.     (.V.  iUra,  var.  dmM^  Hyatt.)    Florida  Koyit    Isaacs^  Co, 

3II4-4M5.  Ditto,    {a,  dura,  var.  ffravitta^  Hyatt.)    Florida  Kcya.    laaocs  A 

Co. 
31?^  Ditto.    Dried  in  natural  state.    (Aplynina  auraty  Hyatt.)    Bahomaa. 

Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist. 
31fi&-7l.  Ditto.     (CleaiuH-d.)     (A  dara,  var.  punctataf   Hyatt.)     FIori<la 

Keys.     InAacH  &.  Co. 
3177.  Ditto.     (Driwl   in  nntnrnl  atato.)    (.S.    oerrtfH/ormUi,   Hyatt.)    Kny 

W*,«it.     Biwtoii  Sof,  Not.  HiM. 
3173-Tft.  Ditto.     <Cl»*oii»pii.)     Key  Wm)  and  Bnhftmns.     iMint-H  A  Ci>. 
3IT?-0.  Ditto.     (S,  tubHlifrra,  Lam.).     Florida  and  BuliamnA.     iHaac-s  tl  Co. 
31e0^8&.  Ditto.    {S.  tnbutifrra,  var.  rotunda^  Hyatt.)    Florida  Keyi  and 

Balifunoii.     iMiacii  St  Co. 
31311.  Dino.     (Drl'Nj  in  natnrjil  rondition.)    Florida  Koyit     Boston  Roc. 

Nat.  Hint. 


atDOL  BESOCRCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.'    2G5 

39St4.  "Cnilhe«r."  Pro«1aot  of  a  lichen  (Leoanora),  extensively  ap])Ii(^d  m 
A  dyo-ntuA'.  Wcateru  coAst  of  North  AincricA.  "W.  A.  Ro«8  &. 
Bn».,  Now  Ynrk. 

b»  Algte: 

1.  Uuviug  cconouiicui  appUcationfi: 
*  Available  tm  food. 

.  Irish  ni(M8  (C'A«)ii<frua  cH#jw«,  Lt),  affording  gelatine.    Nrw  Eugloud 

rnoAt     Dr.  W.  O.  Farlow. 
.  W«>stt^rn  diiKn^'  (Hchi^yMenia  eduliK,  Ag.).    West  coast  United  States. 

Rev.  E.  Hall. 
V  Dul»n  (I'hotitjmrtiia  palmata^  Grev.),  naed  for  food.     New  England 

cosHt.     Dr.  W,  (i.  Farlow. 
.  leaver  {Vorphtfra  rutuaris,  Ag.),  used  for  food.    New  England  coast. 

Dr.  W.  O.  K:irlnw. 
,  Boddi'rlockH  (Ataria  etcHtentaj  Grev.).    ATailahIo  for  food.     Cape  Cod 

northward. 

^Employed  in  the  manvfacture  of  fertilizers^  iodine  and  bromi7iCy  or 
"  artificial  niatjliorn^  (Lamituiria)  articles, 

.  nackwc<.-d  (Fucuf  vaiculonu,  L.  &.  C).     New  England  coast.    Dr. 

W.  0.  Farlow. 

,  Bull-liftul  ki^'lp  {Xereocj/tlu  LUtkcana,  P.  &.  M.).     StcniB  mode  Iiy  In- 

iliana  intollKhing-linrti.     Northwest  coast  of  America.    W.  II,  Dull. 

.  Spcclinonn  of  linofl  made  of  thbi  materioL     [Sco  clUuologicul  and 

tilth  ing-int pi  fimcut  scrioH.] 
999T3,  DcviTs  aprun  {Laminaria  d'lgitata),  dried  et«nia  for  maldng  "  tenta.'' 

Ncwfuuiidlaiid.     Ur.  E.  K.  Sqnilib. 
S937:ia.  "8p(itiui'  tciita'*  used  id  Hurgeo'i  nuido  fVom  dried  XamiflaHa  stoma. 
SSiSt'ib.  I'apt!r-kntl'<',    ninth*  of   "an.ilicia.1  etaghom"  ur  dried  Lamiaarta 
llumjicrurU),  by  J.  U.  Badhclder,  Cambridge,  Maaa. 

2.  Onmmontul  algoD: 

The  following  nerieii,  pr*'parwi  by  Dr.  W.  G.  Farlow,  comprises  ^evi- 
mejta  coIK*utod  by  Mr.  F.  W.  HtwptT  and  Dr.  Palmer,  at  Key  West;  by 
Ur.  Farlow  on  the  Now  Engluud  coxujI;  by  Prof.  D.  C.  Eaton  fntra  various 
aourrca;  by  .\.  R.  Yuuiig.  iil  NfW  York;  Mrs.  A.  S,  Davis,  nt  Citpe  .\nn; 
Um.  Ilccbr,  at  GlouccKtcr,  Mtuw. ;  Mrs.  U.  X).  Ilnhttcad.  at  Swanii»colt; 
Mr-  II.  Avorill,  nt  Now  York;  Dr.  L.  IE.  Gibbcs,  in  South  Carolina;  Mibs 
M.  A.  rt^HJth,  at  Orient,  L.  I.;  and  from  Califoniin  and  On-gon  by  Dr.  C. 
I..  AiiiliTrMiit,  Ca]>t.  I.  .^trntton,  Uov.  E.  Hall,  Mr.  U.  Ilompbill,  D.  Cleve- 
UiiU,  auiUlr.  VV.  il.  Uall: 

Amaxsu  MtonnDA,  Lmx.    K^y  West. 
D^fiYA  GinrKj-ii,  Harv.     Key  Woj*t. 
Pawya  Mr.tiWi,  Ag,     CticnitU;    Capo  Cod. 
pASVA  UAMiit'is»>iMA,  Hurv.     Key  Wiat. 
luaVA  II  ii:N :  Yj.  Ahhmrud.     Key  \Viiit. 
l>x.'*\,\  HOI  t  I  ',  Ilan^     Key  West. 
pXMVA  MI  I  liuNATA,  Ilatv.     Key  West. 
pAHVA  Wruiiic'JANXi.  Ikulcy.     Key  Went. 
DA.-.YA  rALUTMAMNMiN.  Karv.     Sau  Diego. 


266     ANIMAL   EESOUBCES  A3AD  F1SH£RI£S  OF  UNITED  BTAI 


'w.  rffiM2r«4des,  Ag.,  C 


Dasya  Tl'Maxowic-zi,  G%tty.    Key  West. 
Dasta  Lomoci^DOS,  Mont.     Key  West. 
Dasya  I'LUMOsa,  Dnil.  nnd  Uarv.     Santa  Cnit^  CbL 
BOSTUYCHIA  MONTAGNKI,  HniT.     Kfj  Wrst. 

B08TICYC1I1A  CAt-VAIISTRATA,  Muut-.       Kcy  WcflL 

BOSTKVCniA  MOUITTIANA,  Muiit.     Horiila. 

PoLYStPiioNiA  uncEOLATA,  Oror.    Xflliant>  Mou.    Vur./ormoM,  Kcwi 

limd. 
POLYfiiPHONiA  HAVAyENSia,  Moitt.    Tar.  Uinntyiy  Ag,,  Key  Wcai. 

rOLYWPHOXIA  FEKULACBA,  Ag.      Key  W*C«t. 

PoLYsiPiioNLA  Olnkyi,  Harr.    Douffh-baltji.    Loug  Island  Sound. 
PoLYSiPnaxiA  nAn\'EYi,  Bail.    Suifier-hiur.    WooU^s  IIoH,  MftML 
PoiAfsiPiiOMA  CLONGATA,  Orev.     LobitcTH-IatcB,    Gay  Uead,  KoMk 
PoLYsii'iioNiA  VIOL.VCEA,  tircT.     Mood's  IIoll,  MlUB. 
POLYSIPUOSIA  KiBniLLOSA,  Orev,     WtKnl's  l(»ll,  MoftS. 
POLYSiPnoMA  VARiEGATA,  Ag,    Wood's  HoU,  Maaa. 
POLYSipnoXLA  pnsNATA.  Ag.    Califoniia, 
PoLY8iPHO»iA  PAitASiTi<:Ay  Grev.    CuliToniiu.    Vi 

fumia. 
PoLYSiPHONiA  Bailkyi,  Ag.     Pacific  ooaitt. 
PoLY6irnoNiA  PECTEN- VENERIS,  llaTT,    Florida. 

PoLYSIPnONlA  ATBOR17BR8CENS,  GrtsV.      Wood*H  HoU, 

FoLY»XPnoxiA  mpiNKATA,  Post.  and  Unpr.    West  cowt. 
P0LV8IPHOXIA  WooDii,  Horr.    Weat  cooat. 

POLYSIPnOSlA  NlQCESCKNSf  GtCT. 
POLYSIPHOMA  FASTIGIATA,  GruT.      NohftOt,  MoeS. 

ODONTiiAyA  ALEimcA,  Ag.    Oregon. 

Odontuaua  Lyauui,  Harv.    Xccali  Bay,  Vt'.  T. 

RiloDOMEUi  LAUix,  Ag.     CuUfomin. 

KuoDUMELA  FL0CC06A,  Ag.    Aleutian  Itilanda. 

Riioi>OMELA  srDFrfK?A.,  Ag.    Glouccat«j,  Utua.    Yar.  gnuQSt, 

Var.  Sochci,  Long  Island  Sound. 
DiGEMA  siMPLCx,  Ag.  Key  West* 
BuYOTiiAMXiON  Tiu.o!Gi:i.AitE,  Ag.     Koy  Wert, 

BKY0TIIA.MN10N  SEArOUTUlI,  Ag.      Flwrldo,  1 

Ai.Bii>iOf  BLODGKTni,  Harv.     Kry  Wfst,  Fla. 

AcAxmopnoRA  TmERii,  Lmx.     Florida  to  Bnuil;  PacUio  Occoa. 

ACA^TUOPIIORA  MUACOIDE9,  Ag.     Florida. 

CaoNtiRiA  DASYPinxiA,  Ag.    Cupe  Cod- 

Ohokdria  (itriolata,  Ag.     (C.  liailej/ana,  Mont.)    Capo  Cod« 

Cboxi>kia  tknuii^$131a,  Ag.     Wood's  IIoll.  Mass. 

CnoxDUiA  LiTTOiu-Us,  Harv.     Wood's  Holl,  Moaa. 

CliOSfXiHiA  ATHOPURPUREA,  Hurv.    Koy  Wrst,  Fla. 

Lattrencia  pixxatifida,  Lmx.     rtppcr^ulwt.    Califomldu 

Lauuexcia  vjruata,  Ag.     California, 

Laukescia  inn  t>A,  Lmx.     Fluriila. 

Lai-rkxcia  implicata,  Ag.    Key  Wert. 

Lairkniia  ciutvicoRXi*,  Harv.     Koy  West;  6an  Diego.  C»L 

Lavrkxgia  oemmikkra,  Harv.     Florida. 

Laurexcia  PAPiixijSA,  Grcv.     Fluriila. 

Laurexcia  pamculata,  Ag.    San  Uirgo,  Cal. 

CnYLOCLAPlA  0VAL15,  Hook.    (XomrnfaHrt,  Kndl.)    CaUlbna&. 

<iK1xxe.i.ua  Amkrtcaxa,  IlttrV.     Won«i'«  Unll, 

Dr.LESSRRiA  SIXCT08A,  Lnix.    Gloiior«tcr,  Mow. 

DRLSS8ERU  gt'EMCiJMUA,  Bory.    (.'aiiTnrola. 


JLXUUL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     267 


PStBWBRlA  ALATA,  Jaux.    Gluuocster,  Maw. 

Dklxsikiua  nAToci^ossUM,  I.4iniix.    Clilcaton.  S.  C. 

Dkueskraia  tkntikoua,  llorv.     Key  Went. 

DvutnBtUA  INVOLVKNS,  llurv.    Key  West. 

Deuesskria  LBrBiEUKii,  Mont.     New  York. 

DKLBAexiUA  D£crri£NB,  Ag,     WvBi  coiutt.    Ncrali  Day,  W.T. 

IfrroPHTLLru  puxctaTL-M,  var.ocellalitm,  Gri'V.     Key  Wiwt. 

NiTijriiTLLrM  SPECTAiiiu:,  Eaton,  miw.    California. 

KrroPirYLLUM  u^ceratum,  Grev.    CttUforuia. 

NiTt»pntXLrM  i^TiHsmtiM,  A^.     California. 

NrropnYLLrsi  aheolatum,  Eflton,  ium.    CjiUfomia. 

NiropiiVixuM  (NEVROOLostjt'M)  Andkrsomi,  Ag.    California. 

HiTOpnYLi.usi  RiTPiiECnTiAycM,  Ag.    WtTjt  coast. 

CALLinLEpiiAAiaciLiATA,  lHUi.    Ciipo  Ann,  Maaa. 

GkacHaria  multipartita*  Ag.    Tar.  aii<;iutwnma,  Harr.    New  York. 

Gracilabia  cE^^^coRXIe,  Ag.     Key  \Vi'«t. 

Oracilaria  contervoidea,  Grev.    Florida ;  California. 

GlUclUkRiA  ARM.1TA.  Ag.    Ki^y  West. 

CORAIXI.\*A  OFFIClNAI-18,  L.     Capc  Ann. 

CokAixiNA  SQUAMATA,  Kllifl  au<l  Sol.     8au  t>iego,  Callfomia, 

Jaxia  Ri'DKXS,  Lrax.    San  Dicgo^  CalLTomia. 

Jaxia  CAPrtXACEA,  Harv.    Key  West. 

AvPiiiROA  FRAOiLLi^fHiMA,  Lxnx.    Florido. 

AiiPiixnoA  »oi>ULOSA,  KUtz.    Florida. 

A31PIIIROA  DEUius,  KiUz.     Florida. 

Amphuioa  Calipornica,  Ducaisno.    W^st  coast. 

BfJELOBEBiA  PARiNOSA,  Lmx.    EaJ^t  coast. 

MeUjURHIA  PUfiTtlLATA,  tJDX.      Wood's  Iloll,  UoflA. 

LinioTiiAMNioN  POLYMOKPiiUM,  Aro«cb.     Eostport,  Me. 

}Jj|j>KNonAXDTiA  ROSEA,  Kiltz.    Eiwtport.  Mv. 

CiEUpiru  coRXEUM,  Lmx.    Florida;  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Oeudium  cartilagineum,  Grow    San  Uiogo,  CaL, 

GeUi>iUM  Coi-LTuar,  Harv.    California. 

Wt'RDKMAXN'iA  SETACEA,  Harv.    Kr^y  West. 

Et'cUEUMA  isn-ORME,  Ag.    Key  West. 

EucUEUaiAt  ACANTHOCi-ADUM,  Ag.  (CArj/ffymfflio,  Harv.).    Key  Wost. 

Htpnka  Mi-HCiPOftMifl,  Lmx.    Wootl'ii  Uoll,  Mami. 

Htpxka  roRxiTA,  Ag.    Koy  West. 

KnonvittEXiA  palmata,  Unv.    Camnum  AuUe.    SwampKOtt^  Mas. 

I^tiPiTMEXiA  PAurerrA,  Grer.    Califomia. 

Ruoiir>iK.xiA  CORALLC4A,  Grvv.    Califumia. 

Et'TUORA  CRIhTata,  Ag.    Gloucester,  Mam. 

PtocAMitM  OMrriXF.rM,  Lynpb.    Var.  jf&ruo»um.    Went  eoost. 

8TKXMOKAMUA  J^'TKKKUPTA,  Mont.     Califoruiu. 

PlxrA  Cauicouvica,  Han.*.    Cfllifoniiii. 

CiiaMPU  rAUVt'i-A,  Harv.    Nouiik,  Conn. 

LoMEXiAntA  Uailevana,  Farlnw  {('bi/hKUidia,  Hanr.).    Now  York  Boy. 

LoUE.N-TARfA  Bosea^  Tlmrrt.    Gny  Hrail,  Muas. 

RnAUtioxiA  TiLVERA,  Ag.  (SoUrria  phorfJitfia^  Harr.)    Wood's  HoU,  Mats. 

UnAbtioxiA  C0LJ.TKRI,  Harv.    California, 

i:i>m>YUKrLAi>iA  ^'vxrERTA,  Ag.    San  Difgn,  Cal. 

l\>tTiiin4  MtfTi'NDiTS,  Ag.    Capo  Ann,  Mom. 

l*innw<>XXKUA  ATUO-r(7npT'RRA,  Cronnnt.    Key  West. 

LTiprtiiM,  Ag.    Watch  Hill,  U.  I, 

KLLATA,  Bivon.    Gay  Uvml, 


268     ANIMAL  RE80UUCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  8TA1 


LiAOOiLA  VAUDA,  Harv.    Florida. 

L.1A0ORA  piNXATA,  Harv.     FWida. 

LiAGocv  ruLVEUiixNTA,  Ag.     K^y  Wert. 

WnAXOEMA  rKXiciLLATA,  Ag.     Key  West. 

riiYi.iX)i'iioUA  Uitoui^ni,  Ag.     Ltmg  Islaiul  Sonnil, 

Pii^T-LOi'iiouA  >n:MiinANiFOUA,  Ag.     Long  Irtlnnd  Soand. 

GYiixooo-VORtA  NoK>-K(;icL*3,  Ag.  (inc.  G.  Torrofi,  Ag.).    l*cak^«  l«l 

GYMXOGONanus  tenuis,  Ag.     CftUfornia. 

GYMX(>ooxonr«  GrJFFiTnsi*,  Ag.    California. 

GvMNuuuNGfttTS  LiNKARrs,  Ag.    California. 

AUNITKLTIA  OIOARTlNOmES,  Ajj.     Wrst  roft»t, 

AiiXFEi.TiA  MJCATA,  l'>.     Cipo  Ann,  Ma*. 

CvsTijCLOXicM  pL'iirf  iiASCENs,  Klllx.     Block  Island,  New  Yorit. 

Calix>I'IIVllis  VAiiiKOATA,  Ag.     CuUfoniio. 

CAiJ-orilYi.i.is  ouTi'Sli'OLiA,  Ag.     8an  Pi«'go,  Cul, 

CAi.Loi'itvu.ts  Dt.sciOfc:R.\,  Ag.    Cidifoniiu. 

OiOARTi.vA  ACiciLAiiis,  Lmx,     Floiido. 

GlGAIETl.N'A  i.'ANALICL'LATA,  IlarV.      Wcflt  COOSt 

GiaAHTiXA  u,uitLt.osA,  Ag.     rnrt.Ioiid,  Mc ;  Santa  Cms,  Cal. 
GiGAUTiXA  MicitoniVLLA,  llftrv.,  and  var.  horrtda,    Califc 
GltiAitTiNA  lunuLA,  Ag.    Wcst  coast. 

CnoNi>tiug  cnispws,  L>-iigli.    IrUh  moM.    Cape  Ann,  Maaa.     Vcr^ 
CuoxDitt'8  AJ-'Fixis,  Uarv.    Califonita. 

][tiDi£A  LAMiXAiuou>t:3,  Bot)'.  (includiug  Iriiwa  minor  adiI  /rfiltM  i 
West  coast 

EXDOCLADIA  ML'RICATA,  Ag.      'Wcst  OOaSt. 
CUYPTONKMIA  CI»:XLLATA,  Ag.      Koy  Wcst. 

Cnirr«YMKsiA  iiAi,YMKXioit»i:8,  Harr.    Key  Woat. 

Chry«ymksia  iTVARiA,  Ag.    Key  We«t. 

Halymknia  LiGii-ATA,  Aj?.    Var.  Cnli/omica;  Santa  Cnia,  Caf 

Ualymkma  I'lokhsia,  Ag.     Key  West. 

PitioxiTis  ijvxcKOf.ATA,  Hnrv.    Wc«l  coast. 

FniuNiTid  Axiti:iisoxii,  Eaton,  niss.    Santa  Crna,  Cal. 

ScuiZYMKNiA  KDCLIH,  Ag.     Oregon. 

Sch,izy.\iesia  f  c<iccix>:a,  Harr.     Santa  Cm*,  Cal. 

GUATELorriA  GmnrBii,  Hnrv.    Cliarlrst^in,  8,C. 

GiEATELOcriA  CuTiJiKi^,  KUtE.     Cnlifoniia. 

Gkatkloi  riA  viLictXA.  Ag.    FloHdft. 

HaLOSACCIOS  ITYDROPIIORA,  Ag,     West-  c<wu»t. 

HAL08ACCIOX  FCcicY»LA,  Post.  and  Riipr.    Wort  «oaat. 

HaLOSaCCIOX  UASIEXTACELTf,  Ap.     Eastpoitf  M«. 

Sfi'kiuia  Act;u:ArA,  Ktitz.     Florida. 
Sptridia  nL.\MF.xiti&.\,  Hurv.    Wood's  Holl,  Moaa* 
HlcnocKADtA  CtiriTEHi,  Harv.     West  coast. 
MicRoci.AOU  CAuronxiCA,  Farlow.    California. 
MicuocLADiA  DOKhLOJS,  Rupr,    Wf^t  coa*t, 
CnxTitocKitAB  CLAVri-ATTM.  Aj!-    Key  W««t, 
CEXTROCF.ItAS  Eatoxiaxum,  Fttrlow.     Wt«tCOMt. 
Ckuamii'M  sm;Ns,  Ag,    Key  Wwt, 
Cerauicm  Hi'nitrM,  Ag.     T.tuA  cuiut. 
Ckuamivm  I)i>;L(>xiicuAMi*8n,  Cb.     Eaatpiyrt,  Me. 
CRRAMtrM  niArtiAxrM,  Both.    Caltranda. 
C'KnAMivM  sTfUCTfU,  Harv.    Kmir  England. 
Ckramii'm  Yni'Kmi.  Farlow,  mn.    Caaanie,  I«.L 
Ckjiamium  TK-xun^iMfM,  Lyvgb.    Ktj  Wcoi. 


.JKmHA^-  BESOURCES  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     269 


fyiwvtfK  iTA^TiotATCU,  HniT,    Soutbcru  Now  EagIaii<L 

I  -r .     Koy  Wt^t. 

I  .I^XSA,  Ag.     l-nJiloruiih. 

IU>TA  inrrNi»init8,  Uarv.     California. 
'triLOTA  PLfMOSA,  Ay,    Vftt.  jtUciuiif  wo«t  coodt.    VoT.  terruta,    EaBt]H)rt, 
M*.,  aD4l  Nwali  Buy,  \V,  T. 

fHii  .,T .  ■ .  ■  .:^v^^  Ikiuuuni.    New  York. 

'  CATiLLAmsi.  Cnmi.    Cupo  Ann,  Moafl. 

(  i.">  AMA  Ai  iLNUATA,  J.  Ag,     Ktiy  WVnt, 

iimrriniHiA  liOHXi:mAN'A,  Fari,    AVood's  Hull,  Sliwa. 

rAi.u  riiAMsiox  Tr.TitAtJONVM,  Ag.    Omnt,  h.  L 

Caixftuammox  Daiu-VI.  Ilurv.    Now  York. 
•4-*AixiTTUUMnx  iTii.oi'itiiiLA.,  Eatoti,  iDKs.     Califoruia, 

'AUJTItAMN'<f»N   fiOICI(k:iU,  Ag.       Nl>W   I]]1V<*1I,  CoDII. 

'AixmtAMSiox  iiTSistJiDicrM,  Am.    Lon;;  Inluuil  Soimd, 
FC.\i.i.miAMXioN  cnuvjiuosT-M,  Ag.     Ucvta-ly,  Mu.'u. 

ALtiTiUMMitN  viiiisicoi-i)!!,  Ag.,  viir.  •f'ims/K'i'wiMw,  Harr.    Now  York. 
'CallitiiaMXioX  PLrMlLA,  Lyiii;l».    Ony  HrmI,  Mom. 
Callithamxion  iiKTTWioMoitriiuM,  Aj;.,  U18S.    Califoruia. 
Callituammun  Ajjkuicam'M,  Hurv.    New  York. 
CALLiTitAAlMoN  I^laI8^I,  Moiit.    Gloucccilur,  MoHa. 
Calutilamnion  ii'LoccuHL'M,  Ag.    Vnr.  jwiWjiciiw,  Uarv.  Nwah,  B»y,  W.  T. 
Calutiiam.viox  cittciATUM,  Ag.     Ncw  York. 
Cai.mtuamnion  LiMUMsiAt  Furlow,  mss.     Soil  Diego,  Cal. 
CALLintAMMON  Tt:H.\i:iti,  Ag.    New  York. 
CaM-Ithamxion  UoTtiii,  Lyngb.     Now  England  coast. 
Calutiiamxion  i:oski;m,  Lyiig.    New  York. 
~*om*iiY«A  vllgaiiih,  Ag.    Laver.    Ka»t  rviieU 
tANiiiA  FL'sCOI't'KiM.'nKA.  Lyngli.     Knst  ooiiat. 
iCiuxTUAXiMA  Ki'Ki.ouKscKxs,  Tluir.    Ojiy  IK'imI.  Mom. 
^iiAxmAXsiA  vimiATtLA,  Tluiri't.     IVrtluml.  SIo. 
iRTTitiiiiTKicitiA  criiAMictti.A,  Arcscli.     (.'aiM3  Aiiu,  Mam. 
'l*ATiLVA  pAVoxiA,  Liux.     i'iiicock'»-tail.     Koy  WtMst,  Flo, 
ZOXAIEIA  LonATA,  Ag.     Key  Wcvt. 
ZoXARtA  ruwA,  Ag.    San  Dlpgo,  Cal. 
Taoxia  HcnrnKUKiu,  Ag.    Florida, 

DiCTTi-TA  V'AHCiMLA,  Luuc    Floridji;  Mediterranean  So& 
DiCTTuTA  PICIIOTOMA,  D.  C.     Cborlcstou. 
DicTYtiTA  ciiJata,  Ag.     KeyWrtrt. 
riLT\'oTA  KirxT^iii,  Ag.     Son  Diego,  Cal, 
I  \  ACCriLonA,  Ag.     Koy  West. 

M  vi-ijuiu-:,  Ag.     Alluntic  Ocean. 
LM  BA€:ciFKiu'M,  Ag.     G«(/'^^«rf.    GiUf  Stream. 
SUM  i>ExnFOLUv:M,  Ag.     Kt'y  WcaK 
uu  .\OAiti>JAXUM,  Fuiio\%.  ui»s.    8au  Dicgo,  Col. 
VAr!i\  vriJ3Anift,  Ag.    Kry  Wint, 
'ATI'S,  Ag.     Woat  co.ist. 
I  -'lUfl,  I,  (>'.  JilifurmiK,  Uni.).     Swampicot^  BlaM. 

oca  KirnCATUij.  Ag.    Mmldohfud,  Moka. 

v-T'f  i.oai'A,  I«    Jiock-u-<f.<l.    Swiunpaeott,  Uasa. 

ii'H,  L.    Nova8coti«. 
•  ^iis  LOtkkaxa,  Po6t.  nml  Ruiir.     Crfal  WarfAr-wcnl.     Monlorpy» 
CoL,  and  nortbwanl. 
ALacia  tsccLCXTA,  GiA'V.     Boddtrhckt.    Ucnwci^.    Cape  Cod. 


270      ANIMAL  BESOrTRCES  AND  FISHERIEa  OP  UNITED  STATES. 


Lauivama  SACcnARHncA,  Lmx.    /imTt  apnm  ;  Ketp,    New  YoiW, 

wartl;  wwit coast;  Euroiw;  JnpiiDf. 
Laminakia  Luxoiciiruis,  Lte  lu  Pyl.     J)rviVa  npiim :  Kelp.    K«v  Eni 
Lamixaria  FLKXiCAius,  I-*' Jolw.     D&hI'i*  apnm !  Ktlp.    New  Exigli 
Agarkm  Tijrxkri,  Pout,  anil  Rnpr.     Sm-ct)Uinda:    Kahout,  Mmm 
Stilopuora  riiizodes,  Ag.     Vin<'ynnl  Sminil. 
Asi'KHoouccus  PiM'OJii's,  B^'O'-     K<*y  WfBi. 
AsPBHococccs  ECHn<ATVS»  Grpr.     Kew  Kiiglaml  c4)smU 
llxuaocLATuuvs  CAJiCEiA^tvSj  Ikiry.    Noouk,  Coun. 
Rau'Sia  verrccosa,  ArcAcb.    Nahoat^  Uua. 
Crori>a  FiLrM,  8tark.     New  York. 

CuOROAKtA   PLA4iELLIF<>RUlS,  Ag.      Eostport,  Mo. 

CuonoAitiA  ABiETiNA,  Knpr.     8anta  Cruz,  Cal. 
CiionnAUiA  mvARiCATA,  Ag.    Olouff^trr,  Mam. 
CaatagnRA  VIRESCEXa,  Tliaret,      Wood's  Unll,  MoMk 
Leatue»ia  TuaEiUFORMift,  Gray.    WHtcli  Hill,  H.  I. 
Elacdista  Fi'cicOLA,  Fr.    New  Eu^hmd. 
MYIUuXKMA  STUAXOVLAKSf  Grcv.     Wood'B  Tlnllf  MftM. 
MvuioNEMA  Veclanciirbii,  UtLTv*.     Oloticcstcr,  Mnuk 
Claikistki'IU's  SfoNUiosvs,  Ag.     Newport,  R.  I. 

CLADOSTEI'UrS  VKItTICILLATCft,  Ag.      Guy  HffUl,  MosH. 

Sfiiaceuuua  Fusc.i,  Af».     Ou  ^iHffcinw  ru/t/i;mif«,  8an  Diego,  r»I 

8riiACELAiUA  luDiCANS,  Ag.     N«w  England. 

EcTOCAJtri'S  FIRMU8,  Ag.  (K.  UtUrroJU,  llnrv.)*     New  >g»»y^mHlr 

EcTOCARPCN  FAiuj^wn.  Thnret.     Ppak'n  lalnutl.  Htv 

EcTocARPOs  8iucuiu}Aris  Lyngb.     Cbarlcatoa,  8.  C. 

ECTOCAKPUS  VIR2DIH,  Hafv.     Orient,  L.l. 

Ect<k;ari'1'8  FA»cicri.ATrs,  Harv.    New  England  coaat. 

ECTOCARPUS  GRAMLOsrs,  .Vg.     SnntA  Oil*,  Cal. 

ECTOCARPITS  H00PF.RI,  liarv*.     Grcenitort,  L.  L 

D£8MAK£»TIA  ACl'LRATA.  LuiX.      Kantpoit,  Mo. 

DEeMAKESTiA  ViiUDlft,  htiix.    Nt>w  York. 

DK8HARE8TIA  LIGCLATA,  LlDX.      Monterey,  Oal. 

ruxcTARiA  LATIFOUA,  Gfcv.,  and  VOX.  roitfTfe.  Lc  Jolia^     Coatpoit, 
PUNCTARIA  PLANTA(ilNF.A,  Orev.    New  Kngluud. 
PuYLUTls  FASCIA,  Kti.     Eofttport,  Me. 
8cYT()tiu'UON  LUMEVTARi  UBf  Ag.     Eoatport,  Me. 
Caclebpa  proufeua,  Lmx.    Florida. 

CAULEBPA  CRAf).SIFOUA,  Ag..  VHT.  itotiMtM.      FloHdA. 
CAULEBPA  PLt'MARlS,  Ag.      FlOTtdft, 

CaI'lkupa  AsiiMEAPii,  llarr.     Koy  We»l. 

Cattlicrpa  KRiciroi-iA^  Ag.     Florida. 

Oaulerpa  cUPRE880ir>E8,  Ag.     Koy  West, 

CaULEKPA  LA>'L'0l.\08A,  Ag.     Key  Weat- 

Caulerpa  paspalou>kh,  Bory,     Florida. 

Caitlerpa  clavipera,  Ag.     Florida. 

Halimeda  opuntia,  Lmx.     Florida. 

Uaumepa  tusa,  Lmx.     Florida. 

Haumrda  tkidcn'H,  Latx.     Key  Wi>Ht. 

Udotea  flabkllata,  Lmx.     Key  West. 

Udotea  coNOLUTiNATA,  Lmx.    Kej  Wort. 

CnnirH  TOMKSTO8ITM,  8tack.    Floritla ;  var.  dtnuKmnU.    Wo«i 

CuLORODF.s»tfi  T    Key  Wcfit. 

Brtopsis  pl(.'M(*6a«  Lmx.    Cutern  coaat, 

Bryopsis  nYPXOiDEfl,  Lmx.     Key  West. 


yu. 


RESOURCES  Xm>  FISnERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     271 

V^prmmiA  piiwonoLOinns,  Tbnrct.    Wood's  Uoll,  Htua. 

%iu"S  OCCIUENTA1J8,  Horv.     Floridtt. 

^i^V»  tLAV<UFOnMI.S,  Ag,      Ki^y  West., 
M-r.TAtiLULmA  CRKNITLATA,  Liux.    Florida. 
CymoI'oua  uakuata,  Lmx.     Key  We«t, 

i1l*M.r.lM>fll8  ANNULATA,  MoUt.      Key  WvKt. 

riixiciLLi:si>r.MHTOfirn,  Duo,     Floridft,-  WVat  Indies. 
r£Mciu.u»  CAPirATfs,  Lmx.    J/crmai(f»  nharitiff -brush,    Florida. 

BUILK3RTTIA  J  CDXFKRVOIDES,  HoTV.      Key  WesU 

Anauyouenr  kij\.iiellata,  Lmx.     Key  AVcBt- 
DicTYusj-iL.KHiA  FAvt;u»sA,  Dnc,     Key  Weat. 

ASCI'TIIAMNION  XXTKICATLM,  KUta.     Key  We«t. 

EvTKn.i»M<>HrnA  intf.stixaijs.  Link.    New  Englnnd. 
EvTi;m>Moi:niA  compiiessa,  fircv.    New  Kagland. 
E^TTEKOMoiU'riA  c'LAriiitATA,  Grcv.    New  Eagloud  coMt. 
Ulva  L*TiRaiMA,  Linn.     Sni'IrttHtr.     New  Euglund  coast. 
Ulva  Faw^iata,  TMilf-.     Cftlifoniia. 
ClaikiI'Uoka  jukmuua.vacea,  A|;.    Key  West. 
C'uu>(>rtiunA  itL  i'i:i»Titi$,  L.     Cape  Ann,  Moss. 
Claim »i*iioiCA  akcta,  Tiillw.     Cujio  Ann,  Mass. 
Cuiix>i'U0UA  LANO.SA.  Ivotli.     Orient,  L.  L 
CLADoruoRA  rNciAUHi,  Fl.  Dan.     New  KuRland  coast. 
(.1JhDor(l4>UA  L-KTKVinENP,  Pillw.     Kpy  West,  Flft. 
Clai>oi'Hc)Ra  fuacta,  Fl.  Dan.     Eastern  eoiwt. 
CuJiToMonfHA  FicqroTiAXA.  Modi.     Capo  Ann,  Maw. 
C*uati>m<>i:pua  melauoxiu-M,  Web,  and  Mnhr.     L'lipe  Auu,  Moss. 
l*it.lcTt)MoiiPnA  fitToltlA,  Berk.     Stouiiiyt<in,  C»au. 
'  'iONA,  H;*rv.     Key  West. 

^A,  Dilhr.     Kaalport,  Mr. 
HxHMoiKiciiLM  Vui,.\uANL'M,  Dillw.    New  Eagloud  coaat. 
Lynuuva  MAJtbCLLA,  Haty.    Cape  Co(L 
LvKiiitYA  rEUitriilNRA,  A^.     New  KngUud  eoust. 
l.YX«nYA  Kt  T7fX(iiANA,  Thur.     Eastern  coiMJt. 
CaIjotxiiux  cu.v'FKitvic'OLA,  Ag.    Ea»t  const. 
CAI>r;T1imX  SCOPULOBIM,  Ag.     Ejwt  coa«t. 
t«riiJ:iu>XTOA  Cajlmiciiaei.11,  llarv.     Wood's  IIoUj  Mas. 
HKTiuKr.ua  CKIENTA,  Ag.     Fiastp«ni,  Me. 
8pinri.rxA  TKxris.*(iMA,  Kutz.     Easfporl,  Me. 
<'nxTW)sp4)nA  VAwnaiATA,  Ag.    San  Diegn,  CaL 
HoKMAiijb  Faku>wi,  lk)met.     East  luast. 

■g'ailic  materials: 

.  Sconring-HAnd.     Iiupnro  silex  for  domestic  use.    Alameda,  CaU    11. 

Ilempliill. 
— .    Glaasmakcr's-aand.     Pare  sUcx.     Islo  of  Shoals,  N.  IL 


272     ANIMAL  GESOURCEB  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNtTED  STATB8. 

COMMERCIAL  STATISTICS  OF  ANIMAL  PRODUCTS  VS  THE 
UNITEJ>  STATES:  A  REVIEW  OF  A  PORTION  OF  THE  HE- 
PORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  STATISTICS 
FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1877. 


By  G.  Brown  Goode. 


The  following  roriew  of  the  character  and  commercial  valnes  of  aninal 
pi'oducts  used  or  prodnced  in  the  United  States  is  intended  to  sap])k- 
meut  and  exi>Uiin  in  part  the  preceding  "Catalogue  of  the  colltictkn 
illnstrating  the  animal  resonrces  of  the  United  States,"  made  under  the 
direction  of  tlto  United  States  National  Mnsetun  for  the  lutematioml 
Exhibition  of  1870.  Tlie  statistics  have  been  arranged  with  a  view  to 
a  concise  exhibition  of  the  extent  and  location  of  the  trade  in  all  sab- 
stances  of  anininl  origin.  The  classification  is  uniform  nith  that  em- 
ployed in  the  catalogue. 

An  attempt  is  matlo  to  show — 

1»  The  amount  of  imports,  the  countries  from  which  the  products  are 
imported,  and  the  ports  through  which  the  import  entries  are  cbiefly 
made. 

2.  The  domestic  consumption  of  foreign  products.    The  table  of  im  - 
ports  entered  into  consumption  is  more  detailed  tlinn  any  of  theothei^-- 
and  from  this  liave  bt'cn  taken  many  statements  wliu'h  wrre  not  I'ls*:? 
wlioro  f;ivon,  as,  fur  instaiic**,  tlie  amounts  of  coral,  whalebone, oiiomiial^^ 
and  specimens  of  natural  history. 

3.  The  exports  of  ihnueMic  products,  the  ports  from  which  thoy  wix"* 
chielly  shijiped,  and  tlie  countries  to  which  thoy  are  sent. 

4.  The  statistics  of  iorei^^u  CAports  or  of  the  ex)>orts  of  products  ii«>' 
directly  of  doinestit^  ori;iin. 

>'o  account  has  been  made  of  the  indirect  and  transshipment  tndo. 

The  tittal  value  of  livinpr  animals  broujrht  into  the  United  States doe5 
ftot  fall  i'ar  hclow  8l-^-*(M^<M)0. 

The  value  of  the  niisc^'llaneous  importations  of  livinff  animals  is  place<l 
Ht  ^IjOIS.Km.  Of  this  amount  Quebe*',  Ontario,  ^S:e..  sui)ply  ^l,4.'iL',4.M. 
und  Mexico  81-l*.''^0"  {no  doubt  cliielly  sheeji),  Nova  Scotia  ami  Nt'V 
r.ruiiswick  send  S^Stl.lL'l,  (u'nnany  Ai:i,202,  British  Colunibia  ^ftl.'vO:'. 
Kii;,^land  •j'd.lSL  Tin'  remainder  comes  from  the  IJritish  Kast  hidit'^ 
(Slvl-"*!'),  <'iiba  ($.sisj,  linizil  {^V>':\),  Scotland,  Honduras,  IJel.irimn,  Cbili. 
(luiia,  l''rani'(%  (luiana,  Colombia,  and  l'ru;^uay.  The  latter  couutrit'^ 
probably  send  chieily  animals  for  menaj;erics  and  ;^ardens. 

Animals  for  breeding;  purposes  arc  imported  to  the  amount  of  $410,1'**' 
The  laj'ger  proportion  ($U",M  ,lt(U))  comes   from  the  British  Proviiici-s 


iSlMAl,  KE80UKCES  AND  FISHEUIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      273 


h  the  I*ako  port«(.    New*  York,  with  its  extensive  sliipraeuU  from 
^   thr  !»f\l   pn»|iurtioii:ite  sbare  ($111,501),   then  San 
.  ''S|.  Boston   t*;M»-*tt),  lialtiinoi-e  ($li,U:$),  Philudelphia 
),  Jind  Nuw  OHuanH  ($200). 

c  IwMiiH  of  i'ini<;rnn(s  have  tho  rif^lit  of  friMS  entry.     The  yearly 
ri»  of  eiiLrifs  is  phui'il  at  $1'(;,(>T0.     The  gn'rtter  ]>r(»]N>rtiou  ($li.*<,5li0) 

to  «»aie  from  the  HritisU  Provinces  throuf^li  the  Lake  l>ort8, 
?  imports  of  binla  are  \alueil  at  $10t>,s7'.).    Of  this  anxuiiil,  i?71,!WJ) 
I  to  Xew  York,  :u«l  eousiiits  princiimlly,  no  douht,  iff  Minjjing  l>ini». 
ProviiK*ci»  jmiuU  )?;W,;i2.S,  probably,  for  the  mowt  pait,  fowU, 
echej»  Dire  impoiitni  to  ttie  anionnt  of  ^4,227.     All  come  through 
York,  iTccept  ^\.:^^  worth  thron{;h  Xew  Orleans. 
t  followin^j  table,  eonipiled  from  the  "  Statement  showing  qnantities 
iralaeA  of  foreign  merchandise  entered  into  eon8nmx>tion  in  the 
ed  Stateii  during  the  tlHual  year  ended  Jimo  30, 1877,  ^e."  (No.  20, 
while  it  neeessarily  *hiOH  not  tally  with  the  tignre^  abx*ady 
luietive,  since  it  ^how.s  in  fuller  detail  the  numbers  and  char- 
of  tJie  iui)>ort8  of  forcigu  animals: 


DncrtpUnnof  ^«i»mj. 


imrponc*. 


Nuuibcr. 


St.HUI 

4,%,-U 
M7D 


I  MUlnilllire  apwifi  vd . 


Value, 


$002.  Sin 

»I4.(MH 
(174,^1 
H,  Kill 
4|ii.  ITIJ 
30,  70i 
73,  l.-»7 

27.  7W 


ia».  M7 


dnmestic  exportft  of  living  nnimala  are  valued  at  $3,300,308,  as 
in  tlie  foUowiug  table: 


DMttltitloB  of  aoinukl. 


i^****!* •••-••» ••^*i J- 


Xmiiber. 


2.54! 
S;441 

170, 017 


1301,  \M 

47M,  4'M 

AW.  ira 


:l.^o^^ulI 


\  largeat  numbex  of  horses  is  shippfKl  from  Xew  York  (727),  next 
Brnsos  de  Santiago,  Tex.  (30.'i),  Minnesota  (HKi),  Siui  l>iego,  <'al. 
0<iri>u«  Christi,  Tex.  (S2),  I'nget  84mnd,  Washington  (C(>),  San 
eiNoo{*>2}«  and  Haliimore  (5.3).    Tlie  horses  shipped  from  tSan  Fran- 
ihiabh%  lN*itig  worth  ^500  on  an  avcnige;  those  fi'om 
:  ihoMi  fn>ui  Texas  $40. 
prineipal  exi>oilJ* of  horaes  are  to  Mexico  (C03)  rhietly  from  Texa^i, 
(^  ■       '.  &e.  (.{01 ),  the  British  West  Indioii  and  Ilondnnis  (232), 
1-.             the  rn'iicli  West  Indies  and  French  CJuiauii  (12*J). 
BoU.  N.  M.  X».  14 IS 


274      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISUERIES  OF  CStTED  STATES. 

^fules  are  shipped  in  the  lar^st  numbers  fi-om  New  York  (2,0W),X<t 
Orleans,  La.  (1,030),  Bnizos  do  Santiago,  Tex.  (11*j),  Saluria,  Twc'fii, 
and  Oalvcston,  Tex.  (90).  They  ore  sent  chiefly  to  the  HrirwhWi*i 
Indies  ami  Huadunis  (1,541),  Cuba  (1,018),  the  Krencli  We»t  ImheftnnA 
Guiana  (2.:)2),  the  Central  American  States  (210),  British  Ouioiia  {2.U\ 
and  Mexieo  (134). 

Horned  aittle  ai-e  shippetl  chiefly  from  Texas  (20,39(5),  Key  \Vwt,Flfc 
(0,071),  Minnesota  (r.,(:i5),  New  York  (4,X(W),  Ilun^iu,  Mich.  (i.:iH|^ 
Boston  (1,500),  Pliiladclphia  (700),  Puget  Sound,  VV.  T.  (OU),  DetrotI 
Mich.  (543),  anil  San  Diego,  Cal.  (G85).  They  are  sent  chiefly  to  C 
(27,3iW),  Quebec,  Ontario,  &c.  (12,020),  Kufrlaiid  (4,991),  Libcrin  ( 
and  to  the  liritisli  West  Indies  and  llondura^s  (1,741),  the  Ik* 
taking  a  large  share  of  the  latter. 

Sheep  are  sent  prineipiilly  fmin  Texas  (108,747),  Califoniia  (53, 
Washington  Teiritory  (0,484),  iiud  New  York  (4,744),  and  lind  llicir 
mostly  toMexiiM)  (101,541*),  iSiiiish  Colundiia  (9.4X4),  BritiHli  Wiwl  IniU 
(2^9),  England  (2,092),  and  Queliec,  &c.  (1,003).    It  is  Humcicntly  .• 
dent  that  Texas  and  California  send  to  Mexico,  Waahingtou  Teni 
to  British  Cohunbia,  and  New  York  and  the  Atlantic  jtorts  to 
and  Ute  Wei^t  Indien. 

Hogs  are  expoileil  largely  from  Detroit,  Mich.  (34,504),  Iluran, 
(2H,50S),  an*l  :Minnea<>ta  (33!>);  also,  from  Vngi't  Sound,  W.  T.,  to  ti 
BritiHli  l*rov  iiiccs.    Key  West,  Fla .,  sends  about  J.'JO  to  Cuba,  and  Ti 
348  to  Moxieo. 

Tliere  is  a  fomgn  export  of  living  animals  to  the  value  of  $22,!ti 
chiefly  to  England  ($12,13(J)  and  the  Biitiwh  West  lndie>*  (8.H.170).  It 
chiefly  from  New  York  («20,722). 

FOOD   PRODUCTS,  EXCEPT  FISH. 

The  import  entries  of  footl  products  are  ]daeed  at  $724,452.    Neir  Y< 
is  the  chief  recejitacle  of  these  imports  {d.MW.lWj),  foU 
on  the  Canadian  bonier  ($173,fMl7),  San  Francisco  (r 
phia  (#32,111),  New  Orleans  (17,400),  Boston  ($5,253),  awl  Key  W< 
ria.  (12,330). 

The  receipts  from  Canada  (^113,101)  corresiwnd  nearly  to  the  ana 
given  for  the  northern  l>t)rdcr  |)orts,  those  from  China  ($43,331)  lot! 
entries  of  San  Francisco,  and  those  from  Cuba  ($2,>*4(i)  t*-  '' 
Florida,     New  York  and  Philadelphia  i-eiHMve  nearly  all  i 
which  is  i)rincipallv  m-nt   by  (Germany  ($32.%,003),   1 
France   ($0,3,119),    Belgium  (54,5,37),  the  Netberlaiui.^    >.-». 
($11,957),  and  Mexico  ($2,079). 

The  total  value  of  the  iniiMut  of  honey  is  $01,205,  i- 
receives  the  prineipul  sliini'  fi^.'U.^iirii.  tIh-ti  X«.t,v  Or  , 
Boston  ($.V»19). 

Sflasnges,  sausage-skiusi,  and  I^olo^'^uu  f>u(i  :e  im{»orU-U  li^ 


AKllUL  RB80UBCE8  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      275 
of  |;S3«187,  of  xvl.irh  >.Vw  Yoilc  nw-oives  over  $80,(>00  iiml  Xf\v 

deruM^l  og^  come  only  to  >iew  iork,  i^-bicb  iDii>ortH  to  the  value 

k  camvA  to  the  Lake  ports  to  the  value  of  d2,(MJ2. 

•itiirs  of  each  article  entered  into  cou^uinption  are  »bown  in 
.  table: 


Attlclc*. 


Ammmt.        Ynliw. 


potm'ta.-!       313,  DOB 
.pouhl*..  ii,U9 


ptjumU. 

.  iMJoUry,  cMled  iir  uuwalcMl,  lu  cau  or  irfbt-rwiiM^ . . 
.........pouiuJii. 


lloi4MU..      5^01^900 


...poiilw!a..|    a,7IU.4.M 

lUi....  KJ.  IJl 

...fiaUuD*.-  £7,017 


follovring  tables  show  the  iiiii)<)rts  of  eggs  by  couatheji,  and  the 
ttiUiug  e^itxies  by  castom8-diHtrict4. 


c— ** 

Bps-*- 

ConntrU-B. 

B8e>> 

120,800        «;71l}    1  nrilUh  pAlnintiU 

IW 

soo 

J.  WW,  aw  ,4fi(s  too 

lirih-ii  A\V«t  ludlwawl  Btlilrti 

OS 

TaUl 

a,04a,j7i 

1Mitr««l«. 

»re«. 

Districtiu 

Egp*. 

77,  !■!  • 
].;,  ■:.,:. 

lire 

lau 

70 

7o4 

1,120 

[tcUfirt 

■5 

luo 

--.      1    .  r    It.l 

r 
7.19,617       im,'llA 

^^KmIi^**!.  M«m. 

.>:i)l  ruttnoMUlb,  Vtt-.. 

104,4^7     11W,.TM 
45,347         4.rtia 

ftUO              « 

PI^H- 

I'a » 

),<H4        i.-n 

.    100  1             ■ 
1,045             117 

9U                19 

^•k  •  I'll    i'l '  " 

|] 

\\'i«li 

CIT  \ 

,1    Vtt 

120,801)         ft  7lt 

Kr  I 

ti,  r.i 

>ill"M-(      Mt<  It    

«2.a«     iii.7nt 

101)               IB 

f 

Vfltiutttit  Vt                     . ..»...> 

a,uo ,       iKi 

Totnl 

i^^M  Vim 

AkOttLSTl  >  •IT.fiSB 

^^^■tr!r^ 

1 

^^K^ 

1 

276      ANIMAL  RESOUKCES  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UyTTEB  ffTATBI. 
The  amount  of  doniratio  export8  is  sUowu  in  tbo  follovriuj;  tnbte: 


;  Tt^ 


nrcffrnli jKNiiMla.  1      J^  *i«  " 

'Oeef.  salced .,.. do. .. 

Mtittoa '. ....-lb*  . 

rorlt ,—,.-; V. 4o...  ,      i- 

Hdi'uu  udO  hauiB  ......................................................do... 

I'mM-nril  tui!*iU..^>.^'.......'... ....--.'..... !.......•.>■.■•  •<*...'.' 

Liinl- - ,..,...,... .poawU.        ZM 

E^ji >................... iluwitia 

CoDilniaavd  milk ^ , ■. i&i 

(U)c«Bi.* .,.....^... iioaikda..     107, ...  ,..:i^i 

ButiiT ...,. , ....*..... ....» ».....»..     at,  ^cr;. '.f  41     &q4 


loul. 


laui 


Fresh  beef  is  shipped  as  follows: 


Port*. 


Xnw  Tnrk *. .^.i...««..«_4..>.«^....-nMod 

]>itn[uu>i|itiift .V.dtf. 

BiMion  — ...,...;,.» 4o- 

Fortloud.. ..»...„. M» »,............» »da. 

Ttotol 


MmuowU 

"-.I 

4B.Xia.WI 

-«■ 

All  Mip  fresh  beef  (roes  to  Kiitrlniid  ami  Scotland.    Tlic  fV>rmc^r 
31>,1M)0.'.»40  ponuds.  viiluod  at  5(M,01 1,779,  nml  tlic^  Iattcr*J,30  j,m:,o  ihI 
valued  at  $937,744.' 

Salted  beef  j^ocs  prinoi|M)11y  from  New  Voiic,  Phflnil* 
Baltimore,   Sau  Fruiuiscro,    Portland,  and   Bniy,o«  de   ^ 
Aiid  18   Hont   to  ahnost  every  eountr>',  England  (11^,727,882  jmv 
8<!0tland   (5,8S7,774),   the  Brilisli   Went   lnilie,s   (i;,774,«<>4),  Gi-ntAii 
(2,lS,"i,OD0),  XovH  Scotia  and  New  IJrniiKwiek  (l,l.*tl7,(U;2),  and  Bnli 
Guiana  (1,041.%15(I)  rvceiviiiK  the  lar;;est  projMwUon. 

Mutton  jriK's  from  Xcxv  York  to  ]<)nglund  (21!i,028  ponndfl)  and  ^^* 
hind  (129,440). 

Pork    jcftes   chietiy    from    New   York   (3*>,230,23-l    j^onndsj,   I:. 

(10,703,(M;2),  Ilnron,  Mieh.  (7,74S,(U)(>).  Italtimore  (;i,0(il,015).  Phi. 

phia  (2,144,701),  and  Portland  (2,930,a5!>)  to  England  (P.>,7W5.inii.ii)i' 
British  North  Amoriran  Prc»vinees{17,lHMl/>iO)^  the  British  \\ 
Provinces  (9,807. 1!H>),  Scotland  (2,847,;.U<i),  I'orto  Uii'O  (2,02:-, 
many  (1,251,100),  and  the  Dutch  West  Indies  (1,12G,1GD),  m  well  A»to 
all  other  fjuartera  of  the  jjlobe. 

Baoon  ami  hams  y:«t  chicily  from  New  York  (253,481,^7  iMmnds),  Bostiiu^ 
(n2,*wO,7<M),  Phi!adelpl»ia (72,7.38,101),  Portland  (10,r>-U,130),  Baliii 
(0,14ri,0D8),  and  nun»n,  Mich.  (2,27.'i,O04),  lo  Kn^daiid  (:522,Ol0.7:;i»j 
land  (3M0;),lM>r>).  Belgiinn  (;?0,.Sl!i,0.%S),  licnuany  (2:i,7K*».im.3}, 
f2:i.l07,2.*i0).  Cuba  (10,8i;i,0l2),  8\voden  and  Norway  (5,278,228), 
lauds  (4.442,7<H»),  rhe  Brilisli  Provinces  (3,032,104),  the   Britfitl 

»Tlir  .loiinuil  of  tlio  Koyiil  Agiiriiltiinil  Soriftly  of  KukIjim.I  '  )^7\  *tiit*K  tti* 
of  iVfJili  l«rif  fifdii  >'t'w  Ymk  i\iv\   l'hi1n<li-l|>lM)i   in  t!i.' 
(SJ.'-ltf.li-*  iintiiuls)  to  Uiivu  pxct-edcHl  ilio  whole  import  of  lit. 
IioiiiiiIh). 


AKtUAL  BE80CRC[i8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      277 


4I^1,4.SI),  Spain  (1,004,8^0),  and  in  Miiallev  quuuUtles  to  almost 
;r  c'i.iiitMry. 

(i  luL'iiU  tio  rliicHy  from  New  York  ($o,()00,.53S),  Galveston, 
',0*W),  Uostoii  ()^I.S«,0K;),  Orenfou  (<)no,321),  and  Sau  Fi^au- 
.5:U)to  Kti^'lan<l($-',IS',»,riH.S).  8fotliuiil  (ii»U'Jl'lVJd5).  G<'nnauy 
,  Fnince  (.*12(i,GU»),  ami  iJic  BritiKh  Wfyt  Indii'-H  {C!l(i,480). 
pOL'«  cbiefly  ftom  Xow  York  (l(i*V*-^i-5^   i)oiuid8),  Boston,] 
.340),  riiiliMklphiii  (Il,<>82.U*i),  Bultinioiv  (Il.C72»Ori7),  Vortlmid 
890).  aud  Himm,  Micb.  (5,4:i.'>,7.Jl),  to  Eiiglaud  (Oti.MM^TWJ).  Sfot*, 
(38,at8,751).   Belgium    (23,882,271),    France    (2;i,7f«.Gr>li),    Ctibj 
y3G7),  Scotlnud  (H.()1)C,H52),  British  Pnjvim'es  («,Ur>,r>*>;j).  Nether- 
(ryVJ/ariO),  IJuit4>a  atut4»sof  Coloiubia  (lv'»4!VJlK^),  Bra/JI  {4,2«7,;{^ 
ela,  Sjiauis]!  AlVioji,  JIayti,  and  niiimirous  other  countries, 
spofroni  New  Viirk  (12,211  dozenK),  Wanhiiiptou  Territory  (S.(I71), 
o  Canadian  l»ouiidary  (0,:rii»)  to  the  British  rroviuees  (lS,Syj)^j 
d  (4^*00),  and  IVnto  Kieo  {!MI21). 
denHod  milk  goes  from  New  York  ($04,24Gj.San  Francisco  ($24,G00); 
tiiuoi*c  (ftl,;i25)  to  tlie  Britisli  possessions  in  Anstraliisia  (♦.'i7/»flfl) 
(§30,727),  ,hipan  (^12,0S4)JIriti.Mh  We-st  Itidies  ($S,.VJl'),  t'binji'] 
Cuba  ()&4.74(>)»  Bnizil  (62,4i»rt),  BririsJi  Culiuubia  ($2,4tw),  Cen- 
niericu  ($1,754),  and  Hayti  (il,24S). 

j»fM»H  chiefly  fnnn  New  York  (lOll.lVW^iJtJl  poundM),  Philutlelpliia 
),  i;<^Kton  (1,172,322),  and  Huron,  .Alich.  { 1,11(V'520],  to  Kiii'luud 
«370),  Scothtnd  (1,BN),()1MJ),  und  the  English  colon ies,  with  sn mil 
titie*  to  other  oountHes. 

ilw  goes  chielly  from  New  York  (10,771,003  jwunds).  Boston 
W»l!»),  and  miiladelpiiia  (1,141,224)  to  England  (10,501.(i40),  8cot- 
(4,.VJO,737|,  Ihe  British  \\'est  Lnlies(l,277,045).  Scotland  ( 1,237,!I7.S),^ 
tritlhh  rroviuees,  t'libii,  J'orto  Kieo.  Hayti,  the  Netherlands,  Colom* 
Venezuela,  and  the  Danish  West  Indii's. 

;  fiireijt;n  exports  of  pnivisions  amount  tii  $(i4,47S,  ehieily  fnnn  Ne 
III  Ktn;liind,  Cu'm,  Mexieo.  Britisli  CoUimbia,  Cenind  and  !S*a»tl 

FISH. 


jtity  offish  imi»orted  not  subject  lo  duty  is  shown  in  the  Iblv 
UhU%    Tho  total  value  is  $  1 ,4(>(1,730. 


CmmnrU; 

FMAKofAUkbidii. 

HvrrbiK,  pU:kl«it      llAckttfL  piokkA. 

All 

rouadi. 

OuUan. 

BamiU. 

DoDnra.     ObttpIi. 

DoUus. 

IloUuft 

is 

tr" 

1 

IM.  TW 

4U.03» 
2,2IM 

153.203 

i:t.  24i 

372,157 

m 

%m 

^^^^^^^-                                                                              il-I»     HUI       1                •«      >... 

"12.020     4.\»i 

IN 

KB 

m 

■ 

.                         , 

*■** 

1  :::;::::, 

'.""".'.. 

sacowi     ickiiw ;  2iD,T«fl!     4:t,(»e 

a72.2«|«»,ll| 

27S      ANIMAL  RESOUaCES  AN1>  FlbHEBIEa  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

%  The  remainder  of  tlie  imiKirt  subject  to  duty  is  fibown  tu  the  uoxt  talk 


The  total  value  is  ei,05i,T48. 

m 

■             Countrfuij. 

n&rHug,  jticlded. 

>CKkociL  ikAbi 

•te     J 

■ 

Kniiida. 

Dotlani. 

IVnmlA. 

DoUflriL 

Pomnlfc. 

l>aU«fi. 

Ri-ljfitiifl  ,.,   ..,   ......   ..    . 

20 

ltf7 

S,Wfl 

J 

<;« 

Cblna 

Hnn^j-Kijug _..v. 

JT.SiT 

'""'"*' 

■■■■*«i*'* 

v,v.\z 

Fw-tit:IJ  roMi&MillDlll ,  .  , 

4P 
M 

■■■«,«T«* 

US 

•  "■"■"■ 

t« 

KTifilflnu 

■**     *  ' 

TB 

Suva  beuCio,  Vl-w  Bnlucwick, 

0 

t 

AS 

(fl 

lit'tii.-ln  >Vh"4t  IiLiUifA  ofiil  Brlr- 

■ 

• 

Euwiiil 

'""'006' 

Jainin *...,„,. 



.;.,. 

Mcxko 

B3 

'"  "mto 

'"iai^'ifti' 

:" : 

tft 

Hnnin ., - .... 

*  * 

OiltMl     ,.. .    ... 

9 
347 

1   717 

LBA 

SwclIvO  iUHl  Jf OpWnT  .    . 

iS 

.-.j  TTa.3a 

u^wa  1  ida,«ii  1         1* 

W\   »!.*• 

The  auiDuutjj  of  Ca 
Oils  eiistoniH-districts 

n^dian  t 

nre  nhov 

Ls!i  not 
ru  beloi 

liable  to  duty  receive* 

I  in  the  vaii* 

lUh^Botof 

AmjttliMm 

A«iM>4r« 

Districti. 

Fn-sh,  ofaUkliiiln. 

Hcrriitg,  pickled. 

Mackerel,  plcUed. 

s 

PounOa. 

Dullan. 

Barrels. 

DollBim. 

BuTvts. 

Dollan. 

Dolba 

Haltioiuns  Mtl 

BnstitunnO  ('harloHtown,  Mjim 
Ituflalu  Crtfk  N.  Y 

1,S00 

473,  W6 
378.  »G0 

474,  798 

101, 0:0 

I-.'.7L»0 

G5i,  703 

r..4(>0 

30,  .140 

8a 

15.405 
13,  IM 
15.433 
14,338 

600 
19,084 

227 
1,443 

1.884 

46,150 

828 

7,605 

157, 108 

1.80. 

88 

H730 

tu 

300;  IM 

WW 

Ciine  Vinctut,  X.  Y 

Charaplain,  N.  Y 

Cuvalio;;n.  ( >hio 

IVtruit   AIkh 

84 

624 

13 

m 

!.« 

:::: 

Kri«'  1*A 



■* 

1.010 

1,418 

2.010 
8,054 

ii'i 

Uiimii  Mi<'h    

40,813 

1,234 

w 

Ki'V  W«»(t,  Kill 

0 

MaVliiiiK,Mo 1     . 

ut 

\If.l-l.h.l„.fl.l     >tftH1 

6 

12 

4 

u 

» 

200 

10 

NpwliurviMtrt,  ^fnits 

a 

Now  Vi.it,  N.  Y 

Kiupira  X  Y 

2,  Oil),  000 

i'>y.  i).'»7 

]W.*i44 

1,  :m,  3iu 

"""t47.'."0 
...70 

52.200 
7.501 

7.471 
03,844 

2,115 

8,061 

1.823 

lS,ff6 

217.96 

ftMWcfpitrliif.  N.  Y 

U 

;             1 

I'llH.-UlllUIIIlOtlllV.  Mu 

l*liiln.l*'li.hia.  I'a  

I'ortLinil  mill  Fiiliuontli,  Mi> . . 

o,rio 

0,885 

4,074 

44,«»1 

IS 

0,070 

58 

2.001 

11.103 

1.480 

lum 

«.Ta 

Iticliiuoint  Vii 



s 

Salfiii  uikI  I'm'vciIv.  Mann 

SHiiilnHky,  Ohio 

Sun  l''raiiriiH.'t>,  Cal 



. 

3.515 

510 

810 

4 

M 

fli 
iJi 

a 

SiiiM-riur,  Mich 

IIH,  014 

2.450 

7,B22 

■""■ • 

V 

Vl'ITIIOllt,  Vt       

388 

2,802 

«M 

'WHliliilKtm',  Me 

.......... 

"» 

'\Vi)li>in<'tto,  On"» ,                                1 

:":::::::i::;:::::::i;::::::::: 

m 

■ 

— 

Tntiil 

7,733.081 

236.008 

63,280 

210,786 

43,066 

stxm 

sB.as 

H          280       AKIMAL  UESOUHCES  AND  FISHEHIE8  OF  U:?1TED  STATES.           1 
^B           Tbc  following  table  hIio^s  tLe  atiiouiit  of  douie«tic  export-s  i^t  rOr     ■ 

^B                                                               B(»rripU(iii. 

OonUltT. 

ihiiMtt    m 

^m           PInh  frrnh 

MaiH 

^H                 Uiinl  uratnuketl poaiida.. 

^m               Wrhli-il ., An 

SM,TU,£» 

^H                fMhrr,  niTi'ti    ,     ,                                 An,.. 

^H              <>}iit*iri                                                 ,.,,., , 

z;.4K«H 

H           Tbe  follo^viug  tabic  shows  tbo  aroouut  of  exports  by  districts:         M 

^^H                    DUIrict*. 

Fish.  tIriM  or    1     TUh. 

1 

vuii,  picUoii. 

PiAb,       1                               ■ 

Dtbrr        Oram    ■ 

vtinMt                         ^ 

Cwt,. 

Dunjint. 

DcdUn. 

Bttmrl-. 

i>oau«. 

nullarv  *  Pq^b  •!>*■ 

^^■^_      Ali-frn    AtprV" 

4 

).31» 

30 

1 

■n 

10 

4,7^-1 

US 

1  ■  ■ 

' oo' 

J 

^^^^H 

^^^^H 

VM 

^^^^H 

m 

tL 

^^^^H 

78.818 

ao 

»tt.«oe 

MS 

M 
SSB 
Ml 

250 

^^m                L.  .nTv 

^^^H                                                  V      V 

MO 

!.•«• 

s 
1 

31S 

VI 

' 

" 

'  ■■* 

15 

17 
S,0S1 

^^^^V 

l,2t0 

'i' 

100 

••••    •-. 
8,011 

^V            ]>tiliitb.  MUiD   

^H            (iiUvfiitoii.  Tox.... ■ 

^■^       i;-iifpr-    V  Y 

i 

T 

^^^^L     <:iiiTU'r«b-r.  MiWB  ........... 

M 

aiM 

54^010 

li 

^^^^^H                                         L-1. 

00.300 

^^^^H     ^luVliiM,  M(- 

fiB 

187 

1 

.  . 

:::::;:;:;r::;::;: 

:;;;i:«t 

^^^^^ 

07 
a.  371 

a7 

30 
64.002 

an 

"  ■  "■" 

^^P           TJrwbiiryport,  Maiw 

^H^           7i>u-  llikvcii,  Ciiun 

0,7«  1  .. 

7«  I...  - 
10.1  ' 

'  n 

•MX  fKiJ 

la 
OTO,  ].  ■ 

-0 
101. 44X 

^^H     >>w  York.  N.Y 

808, 77v 

W,a57  1    |W*,^ 

^^^^^H       tftr_H....      ft>w.« 

'»»  1"    I  5 

^^^<S«^JhT.!!  y.  Y 

a 

n 

1         " 

2  813  •       n  nun 

^^H"    1 

■**■*""' 

IS 
5.4IS 

^^^H 

^H 

1.000 

M7 

I^OOO 

1.049 

^^^^^H                "^i- 

&K0 

«.'g 

?'• 

^^^H    J'mvJtl'tKv-.  R.  r 

t 

^^H     >                  lU^rrly.  M»u..., 

S,M9 

20.  ou 

ff 

401 

2.000 

^^^^B 

448 
1 

1.IB7 

s,iu 
K.aott 

aw 

fti 

118 

on 

211 
«SI 

i,on« 

T  710  1 

2 

K1.&80 

*S  :.:: 

^v 

tW.MH 

701,  7IW 

in,  151 

»<3>8 

n,m 

4W.7W 

j.4»iii 

!«<•  AOT 

^^^    Ai1<IItlim*  to    VUpVK  aDd 

^^^K 

■ 

' 

0HL88e 

«iB 

1 

^^H 

^ 

J 

[|UAL  BBSOt'KCES  AND  F18HEUIE8  OF  UNITli:D  STATES.     281 

le  following  table  sbows  the  amonnte  of  iluuiv^tic  exports  of  fish  by 


CoOBlltM. 

Pkb,  IriMl  or 

FUh, 
rrtvlu 

Ttoh,  plokl.^ 

FtatkOtlh 

ftcumL 

Oyrtenk 

Cwt, 

Dvllnrs. 

DoUors. 

DolUra. 

DoOant. 

Hlivp  K'^ilrlifi 

812 

A 

60 

m 

«o 
Ml 
f07 

770 
000 

S,030 
»,4S0 

2i.i7a 

ti 

tMI 

MO 

i  AM-ri-in  HtiHliM 

I.uie 

3;  US 

4.1          343 

vfc 

n,  IKK) 

•*" 

iW»«»Iwli«^       

170  1      oa4 

2.  in 

4A.»«7 

r.M 

013 

10. 05.1 

T2,M« 

l.M7.4m 

6^014 

90 

n.7« 

2,403 

220 

».2M 

UOM 

341 

207.  4C3 
IT.  7t'» 
81.344 

401 

330 

^Hli'                         >1  Krriirh  tiuliina.. 
^^^mb.                   .l  Afrtm  Dtul  iuU»- 

Ulfl3b|84.22fl 

27 

1.714 

14  480 

M 

^^^VVmIuii*,  All  Trthftr 

S3  .        IG3 

S70 

170 

740 

1.W0 

5.040 

210 
2 

2.107 
1,042 
4.1M 
4.700 

13.137 

1.028 
10 

M 

18.420 

iiH,a,H 

^^^^g|^^  1..  .1 

sa 

ou 

a.fl«7 

9,013 

fidt&io 

^^^^^b  Sraaanik-li,  itul  Priite* 

BtM2 

t 

H7 

70 

5.084 

104 
015 

41,302 

18.01)0 

ar>i) 

27.700 
3,474 

30.  COO 

^^^^^^^ 

M 

33e« 

Ik  MO 

J.  478 

a3.ico 

1,491 

mo 

18 

^^^^L^l.«.  1*.    A  IM^ 

iv  ■ 

MM 

183 

^^^^K._I.».  t»     ft_.a^k_.l. 

in,  143 

'*  002 

DO 

itii 

^^^i::.' 

B,3«7  .173. 0!» 
10          00 

U         400 

371         IIKM 

4«S 

^^^^^^Bn- 

.... 

xm 

3,048 

a 

^^^^^^^^HP 

'"'id' 

430 

4 

II 

36 
11.410 

^^S^il* '"""'**""*""**"""  * 

42 

1 

34,  PH 

72 

44.1 

77.818 
3» 

*-* 

^r7!L*  1.^11^ 

1   2.J02 

3,430 
14,316 

800 

M. 

37 

0.73T 

OTi.  401 

Mia 

4.400 

13.  wo 

1.117 

7.2M 

4.531 

437 

^^B^ 

JO 
Ul 

^^■■1>>)«M  Miutu  la  AlHca  utd  ad* 

eu 

00 

^^^^^ul. 

^^^^^S!r^ 

8.410 

1ft.  4ia 

10.  003 
►7.CR7 

a4.y:7 

(ci),?<w 

2.  n3     IS.  5M 

OtW       '•.  140 

l,2i»       8,137 

14 

^^^^^v 

3.  WW 

i4:» 

HBL::^!.;^!'  ii'  if A*ir  Vi;.!'  1:1  tH 

^^^■A  V m-wTTY  - 

IN 

7H0 
18.143 



30.  na  ioi.4m 

.       TUj    fi.23S 

524 

^^^MUu'la  ami              not  ^  LM-wlirrr 

710 
B 

5,180 
33 

......   1....... 

1.381 
181 

^^^^^^K 

":               M' 

BwMl^iai  ^KMn  CauAdW  report*   . 

1».  Me  701. 765 
IMf,  IM 

U*.13a  1  70^227   4«.3M 

2, 480,222 

1  280,  o:» 

170,  OIU 

H  QbM  Intal       ....      .      1,    , 

^W 

t . 

I 

1  431. 330 

1 

^tui  tliotiKatiil  iiiae  hinidred  anil  three  barrels  of  pickled  berriuj^, 
■»!»,08.S,  paaacil  thniu^^li  Huston  to  Sweden  and  >'orway  as  a 
■.»rt. 
Ilniieotis  ([hU  to  the  value  of  ^32,120  goes  as  foreipm  exT>oi*t  to 
L%(MW),  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Dninswirk  ($."i,Tntj),  the  French 
(i&;t,li;j:!),  Qiu'Ut,  Ontario,  &e.  ($-Mr»),  and  AnNtridaaiii  (A80). 
It  Dostou  »euds  the  moijt  (d'n,lK}5)  and  Tortlaml  the  re- 
15). 


282     AKIMAL  BESOUaCES  AND  FISJIERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 
y  TUti  following  tuble  shows  the  ibi-eigu  exports  of  fi&U : 


. 

Tiab.  not  of  Aamkui  flibote 

^^^^^^H              Count  tf  Of. 

Hprrintf, 
ylckLu^di. 

I^^^^BP 

BbtitIl 

Onllan. 

UoOam. 

Mkn 

C'ciitnLl  Amcrlmn  iStateiiL ...............>.. 

1,3M 

41 

(;i];t||j(                                      .              ,^                  ^ ^,     ... 

IB 

••51 

a 

Great  Britalus  f'^U^Lnnil .- 

a.M 

Vuvii  Si'[tt)»   Kvw  UrimtwlL'k  uiliI  IMui^u  £dirbrd  I^IadiI 

w 

UiiiIh''    (hiEarlii   ManiUibo.  Kuiwrt'*  LmoiL  &o 

....... 

a 

^ 

]lri(|nl»  P(Huic*ahi»»  In  AuatndflBlB  ..^.^ *.... _. 



" 

IJ^wniiui  lalumlfi ..^...^.^,. ,^ 

Mt-xlr« .... 

S 

U 

l,Mft 

m 

ft 

en 
4n 

t'obi*                                                           - 

'  - 

9i,m 

lUtlltHl  ftt*l«i  uf  Colombia.. -—^ , 

YCWfRUvlB ,-.-»-,, ..^^,,.^.,,...„,,,.^ 

. 

1        T«tiU 

3 

3 

34,TaB 

ma 

TIic  value  of  the  imx>ort  of  u&dre&sed  fui'-skiiis  m  sho^^iL  in  tL«  next 
tttble;       ^J^^^ 

Artfontinc  Rcnnblic |38,0!$ 

"ill! 


<'hiiin 

rruiu'p 

rri'urh  \W8(  IiitlicH  mid  Fnuicb  Quiana. 
Of 


'nuaiiy 


2,019 
77 
S,fl06 

82.  OU 


KiiKliiiHi 359,351 


Hriitlaiiu 

Nova  Hrnfia,  Now  IlniiiHwlck,  &c 

(>iM«iinr,  Ouiiti'iii.  Af 

MrlllHli  ('(iliiiiilihi 

NowtnnmtlHiMl  ami  l.ubrntlor 

IIi'UIhIi  \\\m\  IikIIin  mimI  ItritiKh  Honduras. 
IUIiImJi  l'n<iNi-NNloiiH  lit  AiiHtralaHia 

.I|||MIU         ■        -■     ■ 

I'iiUimI  HlaUn  iif  ('tiluiiiltlu 

i'tiiMO't.v 


1,1 

3,435 
7»,E91 
163,556 

491 
114,667 

4,006 
131 


Tohtl 


1,661.636 


'riir  viilttp  i>r  lilt'  iinimrts  of  furs  and  dressed  fiirsldns  is  shown  in 


'(h».Wi-,  dill  III  (II,  A  I' 

M  .  .    .         . 

(  (iUmiiI>I»< 

m\ 


(1,065. 3^6 

781,763 

378, 6«3 

7«,(l^ 


S.#00.7— 


RE90UaCES  MUD  FISOSKISS  OF  UNITED  STATES.      283 

Bfwicbt  r<>rtrurd $9,400,747 

'-    •     281 

II  aj9 

-  — _      ! ^'j^n - nd 

115 

03 

land  aum.&bi-adur. &2 

4J 

rrot  liMltt*K  uiiil  Itrititili  IToodnrua :)8 

;'KiiiiB 17 

U 

Tokol 'J,  4ui,;7H 

aro  Unport4Ml  cUiefly  to  Kcw  York  (#2,142,047),  rbUaacli»Uirt 
l,7i;i),  IloHtoti  ($7*JJ»*J."»i,  Mout:iii:i  aiid  Idaho  (tix>n»  tbc  llutltson'»  Jiay 
r)U»r>')  ol*  course)  (i?00,(»ol),  aud  Snii  riancisco  (dU,.S74). 
le  value  of  fur-Hkius  and  I'urs  ciitcrcd  into  cousuinptiou  ia  shown  in 
followmjr  tublc: 

.1  .,w  ..t    .11  I  ,>,.i^    rifit  iln*«Mfil  ill  any  niAnncr •-...•...,..  $l,fi44,  rflK!  K* 

-  lif : 

I. .-. i,044.y;w  '£\ 

>r«»*.'»i,  ).iuti..ily  uu  thrnkhi -- ItiH  |l> 

iL  not  on  tlu'  ftkiii.  Uurtore',  nnd  othem l,^S9,'.t2it  114 

'     unl  nut  oti  llie  rtkiu    8, 17H  OO 

ml  tii>i»-ts  ot'  fur,  and  all  othtT  innntifiirturuft 

1-1,     .         lU  fiir  shall  Im!  liie  LHiiniwucut  of  chiut*  valim...  97,1>42  (*7 

Total a.  925. 407  7U 

?pand  Innih  skiiiH  tanned  with  the  wool  on  nre  imported  to  tho 
te  |)ort«  lo  the  oinoiuit  of  Si*-*,232, 

domestic  export  of  furs  amounts  to  $3,830,579.    The  amount  of 
export,  by  eostoms-diiitricts,  and  by  countries,  is  shown  in  the  fol- 
ing  tablis: 


^m      INatriet*. 

Tuts   niul 

ronniTlci. 

Fnn   npil 
fur.«kiM. 

UalUnt. 

DoUoni. 

lUAUakA 

Ml.  900 
111,  sun 

tfJV 

10 

lUO 

S.T7;,t»w 

?P1 

1 
7i; 

10  ; 

SU.  .a~ 
:!i 
1u 

n<l:iam 

Fmuco 

(K19 

here.  Mil 

LWI 

fcgiilf  ti.irt.*lnwTi,MlW... 

tmiSi 

(Ifnnt  ttV-^fnfn-  ^nHltTHl                         .     . 

a;cMi.ta3 

3^SM 

^Hi 

.•w'iilfn|i>l                          ~ 

l-rt.                      .  ;   -        :.| 

til.                                  u.ry 

l,2fi0 

^^^^migg. 

^^^^^^^Bi  - 

32,044 

^^^^^Pv  ' 

■■'••  rnl.lliil.k         

'  1 1'MM-siiuna  la  AiutnluriA  . . . 

117.  m? 

^^p  <>-- 

±AN) 

^■C?  W..I. 

4UT 

^■s 

.Ni  i!>nlniiil«... , 

Vi'in'itui'lii. ...... .................... 

Toliil 

20O 
21« 

pp' 

j,7«*.Ma 

[ihttj ,                       

a,  78tt,  MI2 
47.777 

A<1i1iiumi*  Tultt-H  rrom  CmwtlUin  n- 

HlppB  Canstllm  ivparta. 

47.777 

Otunil  lotiil 

3.8aa,57'4 

^Kd  lout 

i.flaa»Tv 

uu.-%,  uudresstMl,  juv  Kent  ns  for^'iffii  oxiwrtA  to  the  amount  of 
I:  to  ICn^liuid  $10.^^-*';  Oerumny  $1)^214,  Fmuco  (13,227,  and 


284     AHIMAL  BESOUBCEfi  AHD  XISHEBIES  OV  UXITED  fiTAXB& 

IIong-Kong  $G25.     AU  passes  tliTOQgh  Kew  York,  except  the  Hong- 
Kong  shipment,  whicli  goes  through  San  Francisco. 

There  is  also  a  foreign  export  of  furs  to  the  vahie  of  $52,199:  to  Qoe- 
l>ec,  &c.,  $37,518,  England  $8,025,  Mexico  $2,067,  France  $2,136^  and 
Germany  $1,290.    It  passes  almost  entirely  through  ISew  York. 

WOOL. 

The  importation  of  unmanufkctured  wool  amounts  to  42,171^193 
}>oun(la,  valued  at  $7,156,944.  The  value  of  manufacturer  of  wool  (ex- 
clusive of  hats)  is  $25,001,(^.  The  details  of  this  importation  aiegivn 
below: 


I       A5IMAL  KESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      285           1 

l*?t.^' 

'.1  iii»S:SI  S?§:?:H?i2s2:|i;8l5ii=3i 

"I3SS :  i 

:  a 

:   ^ 

m%      ,  M  ^                                                         It!                         11 

■■             : 

i   8 

1 

1 

-    »    • 

1    ! 

1 

N-  i 

gl   il 

;i  iSsS  :-te  i  • 

:  ra*  :  :  :  :  : 

;«  :  ;  ;  ;  ; 

i  i 

m 

Iji: 

i*  :ir :    i  i 

If       jjiji 

;  1 

i 

,   K'    -s 

'.  V  ■       !  1  !  '•  i 

( 

i» 

;    ;•    ; 

t  :%r  -.H  i* 

'*::;;; 

»:::!:: 

i  i 

4 
■ 

is  lU  :  -^  i 

:v  :   f-     :       : 

1  : 

i  :  !  i  i  i 

i  f 

1 

t 

:  :*  : 

:S  iS.32  :a9  :9 

>  • 

5::::ii 

~r  s 

ig  \m  ;  ^  i 

i  i 

j 

s 

•si'frf   •     • 

'■  * 

1 

i    -Mi 

:5  :!lg5  :  :5  :  ii  ;  : 

•  :  rSgi  i  i  :  i 

:  :i  i  :  :  : 

i  i 

i 

1  1   ;       i 

i'  i-K^  :  i    :  i    •  i 

'  1  !      '':  :  :  i  ? 

i  :^  1  ; :  : 

!  ^ 

1 

4      .«'  : 

:S  :gS§  ::!::§:: 

:  :^-i  i  :  :  : 

.    4  1 

:  :a  :  :  :  : 

:    § 

• :  i     •*;::; 

i  i 

1 

1 

1 

tt 

:  ;-  :"«S  ;*-5-  :  -?' 

:  :«  :  : 

=::::: 

i    i 

M 

A 

:  :     ;          ;    er    :  ; 

i  •  *  I  •  •  t 

:   df 

^ 

a 

S 

(5 

r  :  !  I  ! 

■ 

J 

ji 

-.%■ 

J  :?§l  ;  :8  :  :i3  : 

**•::;  :■ 

:   H 

■ 

1 

1 

^fi^\\  l^"  \ 

:::;::: 

•  •J 

^ 

Jfl. 

5      :  :      : 

:  • 

::::::: 

i  tf 

ia^; 

•  : 

;  i  j  :  :  i  1 

i  ^ 

lli 

ij;  i;5: 

iS  :eai"3§s-« :  : 

»i  :  :  i  : 

i  i 

1 

lii&r  "'     \\ 

^iiiij 

: !  j  i  j  i  i 

I  i 
i  i 

! 

* 

■las-^siiiss-i  :2S  is 

te  :=e  :i«l 

1 

1  f^zs  .^  -f  fr  i^U^   ^  i-  iJ : 

:  =^:^S 

-  g 

1 

•     - 

»-" 

J 

*     gSISi  :S  =  I55!  :SS*S?-  =  S43i*i  :gS  :§ 

e  -.^n  M 

1  § 

1  f|S|s  iS  sgS  :5g=  g=iJii-    -i  ,9-'-  :| 

"  i  i'ti 

!,'  ?; 

^ 

^ 

£  1  itf-         e*  :          s     :    "^            ^^'^         "  :        :~ 

:        :    fff 

5 

J 

■ 

!                         ,  : 
1                   ,  .  .  , 

m 

''it'- 

iiiliii 

Iiiliii 

t 

^  ■ 

■  =-9  :  : 

■  'a  ^ 

iii 

111 

■■3-fi  ■:  : 

•■■Slf^a  : 

H 

j 

■ 

■     Jr 

J 

286     A5UUL  &E80CBCJSS  ASD  nSUmiGS  OF  UNITED  STATtttL 

The  unportii  of  mSbatre  Tdt  «rc  \-«laed  at  928^73.  TIii»  Hubstime 
i'omcsefiiefly  to  Xvw  York  and  Son  FnBdscow  The  luittort  iif  it»% 
felt  umountH  tx>  $5,21)a. 

Tlio  cxporti!  of  wool  vaul  iroolm  attiia£»ctiire&,  by  pustomtMListndi 
aiiil  oountritvi,  is  shoT^Ti  below: 


TTotd,  ud  nwoallKtnnB  of. 


VmL.  nw-  and  fleece. 


CupeU. 


Ftotuhk.        PoUum.    I     T«zd«. 


Dolten. 


(U*    *Cl  t^t  Xl\ 


■1*     V!1k-<»    ihU  mI- 


.l...lt       Vt^Kl-< 


11<»K1 


^.,    s«     V •*...«■ -A  KuptU  <«t4lkl.  jUmIiIi*,* 


U>,AW 


MLW4 


7(tt 
31.  MQ 


50 : 

4.345  ! 


],%  120 


89 


73 
3,475 


10, 4K 


OtberMB*- 
flKtaniftC- 


Ddkn. 


I, 
i 

4i»5» 

5? 


^L  RESOrRCES  AKD  FISHERIES  Or  TTKITED  STATES.      287            ■ 

^M 

XyTtiol,  uhI  ounufiuturcs  of.                                       ■ 

"Wool,  raw  ui«l  fl*ec^*- 

CftrpcU. 

Othornoiim-            ■ 
(iictarriiut               ■ 

PounUit. 

DoUara. 

TArOs. 

Didlom. 

DoIUn.                   ■ 

1040      ^H 
14,-i(iU 

in 

1.Z44 

IIM 

VIM 
1.W0 
1,404 

143 

lOO 
IM 
» 

IfiO 
131 

OB 

•'••f 

Tn.lL.-^ 

1  .ipu  Vrfde  labiniU 

i  ^ ^ui  hi  AMm  aihI 

KT 

10 
B3 

21 

m 

WCtolmibiA 

B7i 

sm 

H^  umI  porta,  not  oUfr- 

w 

' 



lOtMl 

TO.5W 

Xtl.44e 

0711,  UUH 

23. 478 

10.8?; 

w.\4ao 

IQLlUd 

CM^4M 

4M,3£a 

rci^  expert  of  woolen  manut'iu'tiires  amounts  to  $:t73,7.j^,  that         1 
mfactim'd  wool  to  $47:>,r>U)  (3,088,0r)7  pounds),  chietly  to  Cuntula          1 
I),  France  (523,835),  and  England  ($3,550).                                           ■ 

1 

Brts  of  raw  silk  are  shown  in  the  following  table:                        ^H 

sak,  nw. 

F*nn4«. 

XMian.                1 

^ 

133,108 

xioa 

170.801 

010,050 

A,  MU 

1,017.JIW       ^H 
18.4U3       ^H 

m«70       ^H 
4,]r71.8wl      ^H 

tfl    l(M                 ^ 

mk 

?!!!..1-1,L1.11 ...„!.. .^11. ^,':......'...i.ii.'.',„ 

1,  IM,  1711 

a,7DZ,lM7               ■ 

ilk  comcj*  ontirely  to  Sau  Francisco  (8(51,100  pounds),  New  York          1 
,  and  Pbiladelphiii  (070).                                                                              1 
\gn  export  of  raw  silk  (38,515  jiounds),  valued  at  ($209,709),  goes          1 

urou^U  Kew  York,                                                                              ^^B 

288      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  BTATBi." 


The  imiKtrt  of  munufactnrcs  of  silk  is  shown  below 

SQk,  mum^ctomA 

Conntries. 

PKHUld 

pkcejfuudL 

llMSay.  1 

ibctM 

DoUus. 

DoUm. 

IMtaifc 

Aiutrlu ... 

1 

ii('i"iiiiu 

872 
10.008,708 

4,ieicei»i 

x,on,t)26 

9;S47 

10 

IIBI 

llnzil      .  .                .      .                

CUiim 

9M 

>*rauro 

Oi'tTiiaiiv. .■...>.......«..........■.. 

I.08I 

4sa 

LIKM 

£u"lutH( 

tiSS 

SfOtLiiul 

itn 

B 

It'uvaScdtL'i.Xon' Uniuitwk'k,<to 

77 

UO 

a 

ff 

Qiu'Int.  l>ntiiriii.&:4- 

LSI 

iiritisli  ColuiiittiA  ..      ...       .      ...  ..  ...     . 

m 

BrillHli  (iiiLin:* 

5 

Brilbili  K:ifit  liulU'H                  .......            .       .        ....  .     .... 

82 
87 

« 

ill! 

a 

Ham 

a 

ludv...          .                .     . 

329 

174 

4 

2U.235 

4U 

JaiKtu 

IC 

fl 

lU 

Kiuitia  uu  thu  Baltic  and  Whlto  Seas 

M 

Smiii 



K 

Cutio    

08 

Si 

I'orto  ItlfO ... 

» 

d 

Turkey  in  Afrifa  .'. 

o 

Vikitutl  St»ti-i»  ul' CulumltUt 

Bi 

II 

Totul 

HJ.7W,f2e 

7M.»W 

s.ogiLS 

Ahnost  the  eiitiro  ini]ioi'ts  of  this  ('lass  comt*  to  Xi*w  York. 
The  amount  (►!' silk  niid  inatuifacturo.s  of  silk  entered  into  consimiittioii 
is  slictwn  in  the  followin;:  tahh' : 


l)<-aci-i]>ti(ili. 


Sill; 


(  itrof till* 

II:i\v.  <>i  lis  irrK-tl  rroiii  l]i<-  ciK'nuDH 
Wii-U-  -..      


.JHHIUllh. 


Vnl  l„s-  ,-l-^A 

M;iiiiit'.i('riit'<-s(»r;tl)  kiuilj* 

]^laiMit'a<'liiii'S.  Mut'li  .iH  V4-lvi-l,i)l  »liit-li  silk  UllKM-tniiixnifUt  til'i-liirrvalur 


l)..Ibr. 


■       22.03^- 

1G-.  :.■«•> 


I    l.uUCl' 

.-  iiJ.i'Ki.tw'' 

:sji».i>" 

The  inii>oit  of  silk  wast<»  jnn(Hint.s  to  $10(i,(»4<j.  New  York  ix'eeives 
8Sl.n4j  SiUi  Kraneiseo,  8s1,L»:;l*. 

Tlic  import  of  silk-worm  e*r^s  an<l  eoeoons  amonnta  to  8l.-35,2Si'. 
^iu\  Francis<'o  reeeivcs  >(HI,.S1S.4H:  Xi*w  York,  8-10,8.*^). 

The  forci'^n  export  of  silk  manulaetnres  amounts  to  8l00,.">03. 

IVOKV. 

The  amount  of  ivory  and  manufaetur<*s  of  ivory  euteix'd  hito  eonsnmp* 

tion  is  shown  in  the  following  tahle: 

Ivi.ry.  mniinCiuluiva f^-*^ 

Ivoiy.  iiKiiiiii'ariuirs  of.  not  otlu-rwi.si'  lUMvidn]  tor '^'*'' 

Ivory  or  Imhh-  divf,  <lraii<j;hts,  rh«'s.s-nit'ii,  Llir.ss-Wall.-*,  ami  bagati'llc-baUs...         ^■'-" 

Totul ^^^^ 


L  RESO0ECE8  AND  FISHERIES  OP  UNITED  STATES.      289 

tutal  import  of  ivory  amountH  to  $370,402.    Now  Yort  receivoj^ 
t21,  Uostoii  $21,938,  Baltimore  $20,043,  Pliiljululiihiii  $2,74l»,  Sau 

$iK;r». 

HORN. 

valne  of  the  importation  of  lioms,  horn-ti])H,  aiid  Loni-stTipa 
>,3Gd,  of  vrbich  $240,487  comes  to  New  York,  $35,352  to  Boston, 
to  Tiie  Lake  ports,  and  $4,119  to  Baltimore. 

WHALEBONE. 

infactored  whalebone  cnteiX'd  into  consumption  to  the  amouni 
^pounds,  valued  at  $1,370.    The  consumption  of  unuiulkcl 
^bone  is  valued  at  ^Sol. 


SHELL, 


^  of  over>'  description,  inrliiding^  doubtless,  both  tortoise  si 
liells  of  mollusks,  entered  into  consumption,  $102,708.76. 


CORAL. 


mannfactiired  coial  entered  into  consumption  to  the  amount 
U)  coral  tint  or  unmanulnctui'cd.  to  the  amount  of  $28,040. 

LEATHER. 

B  fulliiwiuj;  tnble  shows  the  amounts  and  vnlnes  of  leather  and 
artirles  entered  into  consumption: 

.   AnKOfu.  uuil  (fliei-'p-Bkiua,  vitb  tlio  wool  ou  (less  tlio 

Uio  woqI) ?7.419  15 

WW 3,  Wl,  tiro  40 

IfH,  ^^^  <>i*  iiiicurct],  whtftfaer  dry.  Halted,  or  pickltMl; 

(?xrc])t  alif<'p-iikln9,  with  the  wool  on II,  ~  l 

iiitt  m.iniifa»-liirt*il 4, "  •'> 

of  k'laber 3,4 


nf  lilAcltlrrs 

nhiUU  »tm1  Mlitna: 

'tion - 

11  (J  port  Cftraes  to  Nctt  York) 


il  i.icriiTtwl,  cat^jnt   fltriiipH  nntl  ^»t- 

iii  I   •.  ftlMf*  got  aiul  wonnjjut  for  whip 

i:4/j«iii,  uaUitul  uiLu  coiutumiitiou  ..................... 


8,<JCf8  00 
lOG 

1:1.  (U4 
1G3, too  39 


of  rn\;rtxt  rttiiri;:H atuouiils  to  $140,210.    Of  this,  Ne^ 
17,or»2,  liaHim<>rc$l2,21S,  Sun  ri-:inriNro$5,(;.V>,  IJoatoiL^ 
IfNim-  Oi-K'iing  $2,898,  and  Philadelphia  $I,C44. 
'     '    .  h'K.s  IIh^  viilnc  of  thr  woo!,  iin!  imported  to  the  value  oJ 

-^  import  M  cut<^rcd  entire  at  Button. 
BolL  K.  M.  No.  14 19 


290     ANIMAL  B£30trRCE8  AND  FISHEBIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 


HIDES  AND  SKINS. 


T2iC  followiug  shows  tlic  value  of  importations  of  hides  and  skins: 


Argcntiuo  RcpuliHc 
Austria 


S2,0Ji.m 

...: 36,s« 

Belgium 5l3,6n 

Brazil - l,l»*,e» 

Central  American  states.. 

Chili 

China  .' 

I'Yanco 

I'^rcni'li  WoHt>  Iiuliea  and  Frcncli  Guiana 

French  l*o.ssessionB  in  Africa 

All  other  French  Pussesaiuns- 

Germany 

Knf;laud 

Nova  Scotio,  New  Brunswick,  &o 

Quebec,  Ontario,  &c 

British  Colnnibia 

Nowfonndhind  ami  Labrsidor 

British  WoHt  ludien  and  Ilouduras 

British  Guiana 

British  Kant  Indies 

British  Possessions  in  Africa «  . 

British  I'oHsessions  in  Australasia  --- 

Another 

Hawaii 

Hayti 

Italy 

Japan 


UTlii 
10,»1 

3,5fi 

36,9$ 

1.9» 

S34,IS 

»,« 
«.« 

I7,:77 

li>4.7« 

« 

SS.KI 

5l)>l 

7,819 

6» 

m 

Mexico 1,SS9,7« 


Netherlands 

Dutch  West  Indies  and  Dutch  Guiana... 

Portugal 

AKorcH,  Madeira,  and  Cape  Venlc  Islands . 

f^an  Domingo 

(hilia 

Porto  Rico 

SpaniKli  Pons<>ssiinis  i'IschvIiito 

TiirUcv  in  AtVicii 

I'nitrd  Suites  ol"  Coltmibia 

nni<;ii;iv 

Vrnc/.iu-l:i  

All  uiiiimiibcR'd  \n>v{s  in  AlVica 


ms57 

93,778 
23,48? 

19.977 

14.C*-4 

l.rm.fC-.' 

l.TiHi.!-.'.? 

1;;:.--; 


14,lH>!.7Ml 


The  next  taUlc  shows  the  ports  at  whirh  hidos  aiul  skins  arc  cuteml 
by  tlie  importers: 


Diritrirt,^. 

1 

11 
tl 

iili'rtiiiiit  1' 
ns.  t)Ilni^ 
;in  TuiH.  ; 

-     ■■    -1 

?is;.  i:-:  , 

,4;:s.iv'i  : 

II'.-.  l-J  ' 
■J'  \v:\  1 

7.  1 -.■■.•  1 

ir.T.i:!.-, 

4'.t.'.Hi  ! 

■j:.i 
7, :;:.'.) 

(in 

11.:.;  Ill 
4.xr, 

Ui>  1)1  ;■> 
7,  ;;:i7 

H7 

OR.  HT'.l 

0,  SlIG.  87(3 

Xi:iu;ur.N-.-V 
*).-•...  ;-.i;t.l;ic 

l\;:Hli....  \.  ) 
l':<-:.Mi.l  N.ir 
l'.:.rl  Kiv.  1. 
l'lym"nll,.M 
rr(>\iii.iirr, 
I'lillrl  Soliinl 
Hii-liiiiiimi,  \ 

SiiVinni;lli.  (i 
SiijM'iioT,  Mi 
Vtinmnl.  Yt 
Williim.ttc. 
Wilininuton. 

Total 

l>iHtrirt«. 

TTiilra  an^ 

IfcilfinH'rt'   Mil I 

r%  Tp\ 

Miss 

I-X'.^?! 

l;:intori  :inilrli:!llr-.I..V.  11.  M.l>rt    > 

i:i-;!7f»s  <'.!'  ^vlIlti.lL''^.  Ti\ 

i::i[l.ir..(:ii  iiv.N.  Y  ; 

(".ifw  Vin.-,iit.  N.  V 1 

('ti:liii[ilii  ■  11    N.  Y   . 

CIu.Mii..,   Ill     

("orium  I'hiUli.  T.x 

J)'-:n.if     Mi.h    

Wasli 

u 
1'.  if'' 

r'ii!ii\ri«\  r..iiii 

ii    

...(-•:>l 

■ii  !*...!".!.![!!^  ..... 

+'■ 

(iiilvi'Hloii.  Tt'x 

(Modctf^ls-r.  Mi.ss 

IIiir«tii.  Mii-h     

191 

M)TiiH-H<tf:i,  Minn .    .- 

« 

yic.vf  li<-«lfi.r.I,  MuRs 

On-i;    

s.r. 

UI.IW 

U«wlnirviii>r*                   ... 

I.icJ 

No^v  IlnvcH  1                      



74ow  Orlev                         

H.1K3.M1 

UowTw"                             

BES0UBCE8  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.      291 


tablo  shott-B  the  imi>ortation  of  manufactured  leather  and 
le  therefn.»ia : 


i 

tx-atbcr,  ami  mauaniBtiuws  nt 

LeatliorofaUldiida. 

Gloves  or  hid,  nMluA 
oUicr  of  ikiu  or 
Icathw. 

Ot!u»r  miuia. 

fuL-Lunii  of. 

Foaml*. 

Dalian. 

Docpn. 

DoUan. 

Dnllnm. 

m 

36 

B,a7* 

IW 

IS 
4,«33,«ia 

'flS8.7«8 
1.191*^888 

aas 

4» 

7,  DOT 
130 
«^ 

n 

3,  OWi,  B85 

4i2,S08 

778,  MS 

2U 

200 
41,034 

C77 

pit"   ...... 

4«S2 

IM 

1* " 

7.236 

jtitaiiM 

16 

r 

23T.OI»;i 

W.OKl 
47 

1.  iM.  too 

543,  617 

U0 

142,  r«i 
]2d,llt 

•J4<|  MS 

TJS 





100 

h  NffW  Bnutfwiok, &£  .    .... 

3 
13 

0 
10s 

1  Q8> 

^rin   ic 

£69.873 

63,  BM 

10,  MS 

piTfllU 

7K1 

a  UMcm  UHl  Ihitiih  Hntlnnu 
lltHlli** 

U 

3M,U3 

IJ 

WO 

170.  lOT 

1^ 

fiG7 

fSB 

lw««ka»  tu  Afilfo.  A:^' 

NmIoihi  in  Allctralsiua 

9« 

177 

7 

l.Wl 

i.ona 

1.214 
1.348 

'  ' 

310 

1,383 

U9 

■.....-.. 

401 

2.785 

1,284 
1.0« 

Id 

1 

9H 
11 

1,MI 

■■Um\B'. 

■  A9 

( 

4M 

4W 

' 

4S7 

19 

97 

3a 

\vvmr'''^y^lllv^l' ".'."'. 

iJ 

IIB 

* 

' 

BO 

V 

R» 
113 

AS 

iw 

13 
42 

201 

31 

r , 

1 

7.«7.4r3 

4,  &«>. "»:» 

BUG.  SO! 

a,  136, 019 

C97.  P14 

1^ 

iPnrbi  of  leatlier  are 

as  foUo'n 

rs: 

TUtMS. 

ril  IiIihIii.  nut  f4M>where  specIA 

m1 

.pouiula.. 

fS.  480  427 

A122.SKX 

(I,Oir^373 

■ 

1.  ffio,  ffl:- 

Em»» 

...uln.. 

IO0,4W 

4r4  ino 

irca. ....... 

.  ■(. 

450^07:1 

10.W7.7» 

^ 

exports  of  lii<leR  an<l  HUinn  amount  to  84't<415.  Tliis  ex- 
'mude  ihini  New  York  and  BoHton  t(»  Kninro  {$1:1,97(1),  Nova 
||A>'ew  KninKwirk  ^ijUlMMW),  Ei»j;land  (^10,(i08),  and  liennany 
^pimt  of  U'jJtIiiM-  amounts  to  .*l(M),7<i2  (.382,7(>5  inmiids),  chiefly 
fend  and  Canada;  oi*  Icatlur  glovi-s  ^l.'VJTiJ  (L*/JSli  dozen  pairs), 
lada  and  Franco ;  and  other  mannfa(tur*.'.s,  ^1 7,857,  to  British 
oUttuil,  Mejuf-o,  Knghinil,  Ouuada^  and  France. 


[             292      ANIMAL  RESOURCES  AND  PISUEUIE3  OF  UNITED  STATES 

^V         Tlio  tables  XoAow  sbow  tbe  amonnte  of  exports  by  couutrie^H 
t          districtB :                                                                                          ^H 

^^^^B                  CMUtries. 

Lcoibvr,  aad  miinubcturea  at                 1 

i 

B(Mt«»dtilioefl. 

LrMltcmf  nil  kind*. 

Ikd. 

1 

Moiwcn. 

ami  oili> ' 

flao. 

Hi 

Vain. 

DoUam. 

Fottnils. 

Dullard 

DoUan. 

i«j| 

ArstsiUnelEcipubUo 

Austria          --— 

m 

S» 

102,  Ra 
i,a;iii,757 

340 

40.&ZS 

■Jo,«i8 

BoliEluiii 



SmSi      "!!""!!  ":.":";"" 

11.  Ta 

3,336 
10,077 

CtfBtrul  Anoricui  state* - 

ChlU                

ChijM                                      .  .. 

79 
8.001 

lOS 

1^,m 

1DLS29 
7.9CM 
04,000 

8;744 

1.740 

u;l4e 

I>fltilab  WcRt  1iHlk4 

Trup't*'* 

Ftvmtt  Went  IiHllr*  and  Vrvnch 
liiiiiiun -. 



UlM'M   11,   lAIItfloy,  UHl  St   PfeiTO 

1,337 

102 
4.100 

1.133 

l.lOi 

3.403 
SOI 

n,7a 

•A7W 
I.  "KJ 
4,010 

4,474 

1.076 

M 

1  1                   >  -wuntB  Id  AfHcm  and 

ilKlA 

1                    ^lana,  all  other 

I';i:rui:.uv    

Om^t  HriiBin:  RdrIiuiiI 

1 

m 

iU 

1 

St'oTl'iil    , 

C-                        

:'                       Xcw  Rrnuswlck,  and 

.  iTii  rf»i.imi 

i,                             :  '|>crt'M  lJiiitl,UMl 
;  ■  i-ritory      

41.001 

IB.  074 
17.600 

mo 

370 
7S 
475 

»M 

48,733 

83,800 

81. 3M 

600 

*S 

170 

1,313 

703 

RMl 

13,070 

431403 

01.931 

1:^193 

ifia,20i 

38,880 

92.410 

fi.7l» 

16.  vn 

in  no 
a.To 

3.310 

33.\(aM 

U.140 

30,390 

3.SM 
83,700 

T.740 

tt.W3 

4,4JO 
4. 300 

:i,4*J8 

1.10O 
Tl.UM 

IC843 

m 

i.i::s 

M» 

81 

TMl 
1,861 

yc"X!.i.u'il..ii  I  julI  Latit-ndiir. 

British  \\\tit  hiilicaauil  Urilwh  Hou- 

1;;                           na 

11                 

J,                      ssffitu  In  AfHr*    

lint,  ii  lV">:^-.jiAiuUBlDAu«UftlulA.- 
Uaw  'iLiuInluDtl« 

oca 

7.003 

tto 

lH\ti 

l:MG3 

IlBlV * 

J.1IIUJI .....,..„..• 

uUrin .;, 

Mciit*(* 

Nctlivrbtnlii 

I>ntrti  Wt-Bt  Indiva 

038 
?,453 

S8.7KI 

4,473 
640 

i.scs 

4.S64 
4,70U 

8,86» 

4.C77 

IM.-.'Dl 

10,  *w 

64, 330 
4,«» 

"3 

PlTTTI 

Ponucol 

• 

A:.'.',  U:i.tcim,  md  Capa  Tod* 

l.Kt 

T.Tta 

SM 

3.004 
S.043 

033 

3vn« 

in 
aoo 

466 

Km 

I                 jio 

181 

370 

8.6B7 

MO 
0;43l 

I.S73 
J13 

170 

toe? 

I'oitoIUco 

S[iiit/Lli  Tna-ii-uluiiii  In  AIUm  and 

""•*•' ' 

^^K 

-.---. 

1 1 

^^kr. 

.t! 

^^hbJ 

^^^H  1                              lonUA 

15,035 

Hai4 

%m 

008 

"JH 

^^^^B'*' 

434 

T44 

an 

806 

401 
100 

123 

so 

^^^^^^F                                

•■•—^ 

m 

^B                       Tnl.il 

^H           ▲dilUii'UH  ukco  ttan  C^aidlui  n»- 
^H             »orf " ■ 

l)O0i4M  J4ii,ao 

25.ia2,aM 

«.  01^373 

H 

m 

^^M                  43nni1  hrtnl 

i 

1 !'*■ 

DIAL  RESOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     298 


b 

Leather.  Mid  manutactiirc*  ot. 

BooU«idali«4k 

L««tli<<rorallkfnd«. 

bvt  elttowLvnt  apvci- 

tltd. 

MonMyKkt 

tuid  tiUitrr 

flaw. 

f«Ad- 

dk-rv 

auJ 

tuuiieca. 

Munu- 

..riK.1 

•Sd!' 

ralim. 

DvUiin. 

PmuuU.      DoUart. 

DoUan. 

DoUftre.  DoUus. 

r 

sia,  M.1  \ 

10 

902,137 

^^IVx 

S5.5t>& 
2fi,B23 

75 

1.6W 
8,4:17 

0,)» 

n 

B3.4U 

4U 

1,530 

i.aTo 

3.313,4(J3 

000^173 

1.1U.D81 

l'3 



.......... 

3.91P 
1.004 

,Y , 

&7,&00 

"•IS 

SI 

KM 
550 

7ci 

3,010 

1  T-.«     ^.... 

14,970 

03 

311 
21  fi 

i.ta 

s.»4a 

4.oa 
SB 

■    '  *  * 

* 

m 

006 

10 
330 

" 

t 

71 

14a 



800 

■ 

...................... 

m 

il , 

m 

SO 

8 

44 

fan  .....,., 

a,sM 

i.7M 

iTIO 

^u^  ...;i;i;!:;i.,.. 

a? 

Of 

' 

iaua 

^^ 

t'nnn                                     ,             ,  ,  . 

"4.'?W" 
120.  W7 



a7.  »;* 

3M 

US 

STTi 

44,305 
Ui 

m 

i6. 6=0. 300  '4.400,BT8 

icoisoo 

173 

274.300 
140 

■: 

144 

■f: 

«,7W 

3,(113 

&.  OIU 

1.033 

4.ttW 

■ 

^»- 

3Q,92l< 
3,110 

.10.021 

1  - 

2,41*1 

53:1 

s.)y2 

080 

B       1    .    1 

.    K7»Lvaa  '    ufl-'mo  1           ao 

H 

..  •      .:::^  :.  :..::::. i :: 

n>3 

iKi::".:.:::.:::::; 

2S 

8,11(1 

40.615 

7.  702 

H7 
4.270 
Ot>  THIS 

140 
S0.*J4ti 

MU 

»;cii;;::;:::::;::::::; 

1            30           iii 
U&.  sn      100.  im 

103 
1 

24 
24,)«5I 

^0 

:«-,'.M'.            27,065  1        7,BB5 

' 

3<n 

3U 

3.308 

IffBC 

»"» 

[ 

'300,4M    lti.A»a   '  2&192  fttli  'ft  QIIL37S    1   2MI  '£*& 

JH.WC 

'JCi,W9 

Klasvrn  and  TunaonS, 

1X1,642 

1 

:i8o,  :ri3 

.>t..i 

' 

M8,473 

i 

743.300 

1 

■ 

HAIR, 

it>*  of  hair  and  innnufuctnres  of  hair  entered  into  conmimp- 
uj  the  fnllowiiifr  table: 


flair,  and  mtnulHctnteM  u(. 


fouiiibL 


.<  ,jiiM|ttruBrlNifi4*(l,  dni«m  or  tuMlniwn 

ir,  rtfoiird  or  iitii'lonnctl,  drmirn  or  imdmwn,  nimuui' 


-.It-*!,  not  ntltanriM)  aprciOcd. 
ibaga*.  fiirbadaur  iniUlivNMM.:, 

UatT 


laiiariu'ltinw  not  otbcrwiaa  provided  tat. 


234     ANIMAL  B£30T7BCE8  AND  FI^EEBIES  OF  HKITED  fiTllSB. 
Tbe  imports  of  Imir^  by  countricfi,  axe  as  shown  htkmi 


Nuvn  He  otlm  Nev  Ik1axlAwSa]^  Ac 

Qui^liM?*-,  Ihibuick,  &fi 

BriUth  PoH««4toiu  In  AnstnlMfii 

Japan 

Cuba 
PwtoSkw 

U&Jtea  siutei  of  Cotetablft 


The  imports  are  made  €hie%  to  New  Toik,  Boston,  usd  Pfiiladplpldfc 
TweDty-ose  tbotiBaud  aiul  tlireci  poiiuds  of  borse-bair  for  wea^ii^ 
Viihiud  at  $1,201,  paAS  through  Eoatun  to  England  as  a  foreign  export f 
also  manufactures  of  human  hair  to  the  yalne  of  $19,329,  chiefly  to  Eng- 
land, and  other  hah'  manufactures  ($3,597)  chiefly  to  Belginm. 

BRISTLES. 

The  amoiuit  of  bristles  entered  into  consumption  is  placed  at  353^ 
pounds,  valued  at  $545,011.  The  imports  of  bristles  by  countzies  is  ahovn 
below : 


Countries. 


China 

Fnmco 

Qormuny . . 
KngloBU... 

Total 


Almost  the  entire  import  of  bristles  is  entered  at  New  York  (449,910 
ponndp^  quantity  going  to  Boston  (137)  and  New  Orleaitf  (9)» 

Tho^  export  of  bristles  from  New  York  to  Canada 

h  B  ($3,23C). 


ANDCAL  BE60URCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  IfNITED  STATES.     295 

QtHLLS. 

The  amount  of  quillft  rntorpd  into  eonmimiitioD,  ])roi>ar(Hl  hiuI  iinpre- 
pnre<l,  in  vuliieil  at  dlfO'il.  The  value  oS  toollipicks  i^utoretl  iuto  oon- 
diimptjun  is  $15,441. 

FEATHEKS. 

Tlio  viiluo  of  feaUierK  entered  into  consumption  iasbown  below: 

"     ■  '      iiipr-lKHl« $i'^.r>;a  DO 

.  lock,  &c.,  crude (U4,4r)i)  'Jii 

- ^.., ...  ■ iwi.wtuivd 15,352  00 


16  total  ejitries  of  featliers  amoimt  to  $11^313,  of  wliicb  New  York 
seivcM  JfcI0^431,  nnd  San  FninoiM-o  $727,  with  iriHinK  I'nirie.s  ut  other 
Is.    There  luv  also  feather-beds  to  the  value  of  $tlj-i04,  looming  cliiuily 
fJJew  York  and  rhiludelithia. 

OUTE  AND  GELATINE. 

ic  lniiK>rt  of  hide-cuttings  for  glue-ntock  amoun1j«  in  value  to 
S0,72*A  of  which  New  York  HMvives  $UW,51)3,  Boston  *M(;,44K,  and 
Itimore  $(»«!.  II(M»i'rt  and  other  j;Uie-st(Mrk  of  tliat  deMoription  aro 
Ined  nt  9l<V'~^'^  '*^  which  i*(10,188  comen  to  the  Luke  ports. 

le  import  of  eommon  ghie  aniouiitH  to  1,11^,527  pouudtt,  valued  at 

ic  ronsnmprion  of  j;rlntine  ontl  similar  prr»dnets,  of  whieli  a  poition 
irobably  i^f  vegetiible  ori|j;in,  is  vuhieil  at  $I»0,!>71. 
[&iu^I:ifi8  or  tiKh-t^lue  entered  intoeoMHuniptiou  to  the  value  of  $32,236 
^7  ptniu<ls,). 

IC  total  import  of  tlfth  sounds  and  j^luc  is  pvcn  at  $10,125;  $11,727 
les  lo  Boston,  and  $4,.'il>8  to  other  \HtTUi, 
Gluo  18  exi»ortetl  to  the  amount  of  i*lj085  ptmnds,  valued  at  $10,069. 


SPONGES. 


e  totn.1  import  of  sponfjes  is  valued  at  $01,742,    Now  York  receives 
lUj  riiiladelphia  $2,4r>i»,  und  Sun  Franci.seo  $I,(>'J;5, 


OILS,  FATS,  AND  SOAPS. 

Tlie  following  quantities  entered  into  consumption 


OIU. 

Ainoant 

DoXtuM. 

asllotui. 

13.731 

U.  434  1)0 

^v                                                                      ilntwbUr 

::::::T^lSr::. 

"  TMftI 

U%Wi 

07,011  M 

^Hllvrrnfl   mflnril  mnllrhlfll                                               

iT.aoooft 

cbUom,. 

do 

KlKar  flAhaU&vm^n'vSwwi.notilultable  

^■^                                              diif.inM<i 

in.  CM 

20. 7U 

10.092  W) 
U  XTT  OU 

^^    Trrtal                       ,   ,   < . 

«,33I 

2S;3I0  00 

«a«. 

^■■'.  «- ..    ■nAaQanLnyil,  not  AthfTWiM  VTOTMMhr..^...-a*. 

410 
23. 523 

1  IM  03 

80  00 

^^Bk.                                                                                                                                                             un_nj_l_ 

1,1)01  OO 

^^HW..-. 

^^Bj^^ 

2.143  08 

^^^^^^^^^p*  * . 

^^M     ^^^^m 

296     ANIHAL  BESOUBCES  AND  FISHEBZES  OF  UHITED  STATEa 


ODa. 


Spornutcoti  Biid  wax pounds. 

Stoorino do... 

l\tUow,  aud  ullotbrr,  uad tapers do... 

Olyccnnu do... 

Grouse* 


8oni>-;;rcas() do.. 

Common  Houii do.. 

f^cysoap ^ do.. 


S3S 
1,231 

;i,  14Q,  074 

iia,6W 

a,7Sl,GlW 
197,818 


urn 

S3tt 

I  U7,di;4s 

I    »9,MH 


*  Tbc  tutal  iinpoi-t  of  gruoso  amounts  to  tlia;070 ;  New  York  recclTea  •58,310,  Bostan,  9St,9B, 

Soap-grcasc  is  imported  to  the  value  of  $5,384.    Boston  receives  $2,381) 
New  York  81,400,  the  Lake  ports  $894,  and  Pliiladelpliia  $637. 
The  total  import  of  sperm  oil  is  $5,590,  all  coming  to  San  Fiancueb 
The  next  table  shows  the  exports  of  oils  and  fats: 


Oils,  fata,  &c. 


Amoimta.      DoDm. 


Whnlo  nml  otiicr  QaIi  oil gallons. . 

Sperm  oil do 

KjiiTniacpti poumU.. 

INcat's-rootUDdittbci:  animal  oils calkios.. 

Idrd  oil do 

Tallow pounds 

Soap . 


l,0Cfl,(C8 

GU,W1 

iro,  5:^ 

19.V3:; 
»49,4-J9 
01,47^,t«G8 


Tallow  caniUvs do 


do....      I.GICICS 


uxva 

4I.« 

itisx 


Total 1 10, 


There  is  a  furcif^^n  exx>ort  of  whale  and  other  fish  oils,  apparently  from 
the  KritisU  Provinces  through  Boston  to  Belgium ;  this  amounts  to  43,103 
gallons,  valued  at  82G,GG0.    A  small  foreign  export  of  dutiable  oik  of 

this  description  j^oos  to  QiU'bo*;,  Oiit:irio,  iS:c'.  (1,459  gallons),  tlio  Iiritislt 
"West  Indies  (2.i(»),  and  Brazil  (l(t).  This  whole  export  iiinoiiiits  to  l.Ttij 
gallons,  valned  at  8794.  It  passes  through  Boston  (l,i>(M  gallons)  ami 
New  York  (;M0). 

Tlieimjxnls  of  whale  and  lisli  oil  by  countries  aud  by  districts  an.' 
shown  below: 


Countries. 


Whjilf  oil  ami  fl.-bffll 
not  ol'  .liuvticiia  iii' 
crifit. 


NovaScoIiii.  Xi-w  TJniii.'iwiil;.  fiv 

QllclUT,  OiH.llir..   A-. 

Newfmiiiilliiiiil  iiiiil  i..ilii-:iiIoi' 


Totitl 

■J.T!.- 
-1.  l:.*: 
ll.liU 
lu,  iic 

•J.  "4 
■J,  ffKi 
4,  Tii7 
11'.  4iHl 

li|.  IW 

IHTI.M-.I.K. 

•if'i 

3.1-:; 

En"l:in<( 

"I  fiM 

4.«T 

Ki-wfimu'Ilaiicl  iiii<t  J.^bKuI<»r 

M 

Rritinli  Wist  luOl*             'itish  lIon<hira» 

t^ii 

nimuii 

!.«■:>' 

Ketlicrlnnd^                            

5,3.. 

Asiatiultaii                             

3.  Ml 

BwedcDav                             

ie 

51,  ss-.» 

4*,  Mi 

- 

AimCAL  BESOCECES  AKD  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES.     297 


DIrtrioto. 


,  «Bd  Charlestovn,  Mau 

Champlalii,  N.  T , 

Glonceater,  Mau 


Baron,  Hlcta .... 
K ewTork,  N.  T 

PaaaaiDwmoddT,  H« 

Philadelphk  Ihi 

Portlnklanil F&bDoath.  H« , 

Paget  Sound.  Wnsb 

flalem  uhI  Beverlr,  Uoaa ... 

Ban  FzoDciaco,  Cu 

VUlMneUe,  Oreg 


ToUl. 


XVluilo  and  flBh,  not 
of  American  flab- 
eriea. 


GoUona. 


82.007 
72 
1,300 
2,b70 
40,660 
10,100 


2,000 


209 


138,708 


Dollars. 


45^782 

07 

503 

1,242 

81,870 

3,480 


805 


129 


84,088 


DUTIAIILR. 


Whale  and  flab,  not 
of  American  tlsb- 
erica. 


Golloua. 


2.570 


23,238 


120 
4.' 533' 


18,821 
2,508 


61,682 


DoUara. 


33,  OM 


92 

'i'eii 


6,483 

1,124 


44,015 


FEBFUHEBY  MATERIALS. 

The  next  table  shows  the  quantity  entered  into  consumption  of  mate- 
lialB  used  by  perfumers : 


Dcacriptlon. 

Ouncca. 

Dollftm. 

f\wtnr  nr  mat^nYMmi   . ..... 

3.462 

ClTCt 

Tll'fs 

0,001 

33,3.'U1 

Ambfo-gi^                         '...,,.                                    . 

CM 

Total 

38,710 

COLOBINa  MATEBIALS. 

The  next  table  shows  the  quantity  entered  into  cousumption  of  sub- 
stances used  by  color-makers : 


Deacription. 

Pounda. 

Dollon. 

IWlthMMl 

1,304.370 

47,  Ota 
4:»4,7t>l 

048,021 

TjH^  fm')i\  ^¥"'4  hn%t"n  and  iitlrk 

0  502 

IjKV^Vft  ,  ,' ' 

20,243 

Total 

674,456 

The  total  import  of  cochineal  is  1,324,165  pouuds,  valued  at  $G49,325. 
The  next  table  shows  the  quantity  of  cochineal  imported,  by  coun- 
tries: 

Jmporta  of  cochineal. 


Conntriea. 


Belpinm 

CeutTOl  American  Statea 

Vnnoe 

SncUnd 

Brftlab  West  Indlea  and  Itritlah  Uonduraa 

Anstralosto,  Btltiab  Poascaaiona 

Xuko 

fcwnUh  PoMeaaloBfl  In  AMca 

tfaUvd  SUtea  of  Colombia 

Ttotel 


Poanda. 


10,881 

13.  nr> 

11,310 
342,  lUO 

11, 21s 
lt?J 

HI,  703 
814,290 
400,500 


Dollaia. 


0,807 

5,296 

7,005 

180,035 

6,500 

467 

S2.466 

174,394 

213, 2J5 


1, 324, 105 


049,325 


298      ANIMAL  EESOORCES  AND  FISHEUIES  OF  UNITED  STATTO. 

Tho  next  table  shows  the  quantity  of  imports  by  customs  districW: 


DIrtiioU. 

FoODd*. 

wan. 

NrwTork « 

OUST* 

»4.ra 

e».i«T 

4S,9U 

0Lfl 

?frw  Frareo  -. .*.............■..■...  .....   ....•........■.>..........- 

S3 

BoNlOU 

Pb*McI|iU« — 

Sau^-WBOKo 

— 

*s 

Total 

i.im,m 

MM 

^1 

In  addition  to  the  above,  we  find  that  G(J,98ti  pounds,  valued  at] 
$r»2/J58,  pass  through  New  York  to  Enghind  (toreign  exports). 

WAX.  ' 

The  next  table  shows  the  quantity  entered  into  consumptiuu  t>f 
and  uanut'uoturcis  thereof. 


DcvcrlptioD. 

Ammmt- 

Nl. 

WftT.  aiMl  mnnuAiclurM  of : 

SCCM-WILX 

pma^ 

1S,V 

u 

SoaliDtf-Mux 

M 

MAAuCkuiures  uf,  uut  olhBnrtae  pro\idnl  Itar , 

.4... .^^*^p. ....... 

Ifl 

Total 

nl 



The  total  Import  of  wax  amonnta  to  816,844,  of  which  Xow  Yorici 
ceivcs  6U,T(>!J  and  Pliihuh'lpliiu  $:\3'M). 

ThetotJil  exportof  wax  anioiint«  to  270,81)1  jKHtnds,  valiitMl  . 

The  total  export  of  bone-blaek,  ivorj' black,  and  luinp-bhti  i«   .. 
ter  not  of  animal  origin),  amounts  to  515,488  ]»ouikIm,  vhUuh!  At  ^fi*^ 

CUEaUCAX.  PBErAKATIONB,  MKDICI^KS,   ETC. 

The  following  table  shows  amounts  entered  into  consumption: 


AnidM. 

PMMb 

»«. 

Phranbnniii 

• 

tut 

0.1 

] 

Suiftf  <*r  rnilk        ....>....>....-- --' -- 

3 

Allinrnt-n  aij.l  Ineterino 

AuEikaI  i-arliuD 

('ii1(](>-ll.t|i  lioue 

.i!Ji"ir."iiii.'mriin"^ 

i'nD(hnn(l(5*                            .  ........  .  .....    .....                                         .     . 

k4 

ttM 

^ 

Total  ntUi* .™... 

.„.^ 

.  J^H 

1 

_J| 

The  total  import  of  rennets  is  valued  at  f  11,{>44,  of  which  yw 
receives  ♦11,470  anil  San  Framist'o  $398, 

BONES. 

Tlic  value  of  the  import  entries  of  **  bone-s  cnulo,  ;(iui  III  ti 
bullied,  culciaod,  grtmnd,  or  stejimed,  and  bonu-dust  mu 


rOIAL  RKSOURCES  AND  FISHERIES  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

mnisfkctum  of  feitilizera,'^  is  placed  »t  $82,882.    The  aiuount  on- 
leml  into  couHnmptiou  is  $50,035. 

Tbe  p-     r;l  iiu|V)rt  is  through  the  Lako  ports,  which  vnirv  to  tlie 
liJiKM-.  .J.     Italtimore,  th«  se;*t  of  niaii.v  extiniMivc  t'crtilizor  1';m5- 

fttif,  roociTeti  to  the  value  of  $23,857,  New  York  $4,U37,  aud  Boston 

Tbr  total  exiKjrt  of  l>oncs  and  bone-dust  amoimts  to  7,071',000  pounds, 
raloed  at  $121,493. 

GUANO  AND  OTHEE  FERTILIZEES. 

Tho  iiu|¥>rt  entry  of  ^mano.  except  from  bonded  islands,  is  placed  at 

to,4«'-'  Ions,  vahUHl  at  $873,7110. 

TL<*  export  of  Kuatio  amoimts  to  954  tons,  valued  at  $41,530.    2,757 

ftOJi>  vuhu'd  ut  $77,100,  goes  as  a  foreign  export  to  Ireland  (1,537  tons), 

-'"L'l  "ul  (080),  and  Cuba  (ij'3o).     It  parses  through  Petersburg,  Va. 

iuns),  Ueaufort,  S.  O.  (779),  and  New  York  (541). 
[Oilier  fertilizers  are  imported  to  the  value  of  $157,471.     Of  this 
Mur.  Haltimore  receives  $18,230,  New  York  $18,897,  Philadelphia 
U3,  and  othej  ports  $S0,G47, 

lanurcK,   probably  mostly  animal,  arc  exported,  to  the  value  of 
»i*l,<i02, 

SPECLHENS   OF   NATURAL    niSTORY. 

he  following  entered  into  consumption: 

Attiral  hiataryp  Volnuy,  mid  miucnUogyfur  cnbinctB,  &c.,  and 


■M  binta. 
lb 


>Wm*  ami  other  prcpftrntiniifi  of  anatomy 


112,191 
4.040 

a 

l,0i»7 
375 


ToUl 17,714 

le  following  table  shows  the  couiitiies  fi-om  which  gimnu  is  imported ; 


CnatriML 


IWliiiaail  nrlt' 


iMMuled  iftluuU). 

Too*. 

TlnUara. 

16 

4 

:u.  i.t9 

7M 

tis 
100 

70 

7,123  ' 
9.178 

Couatrlu. 


MtxiLo..... * 

Vrtiritnrla 

All  ntbrr  coon lrl«« and  parts 
iiiSuuili  AmoTlc* 


ToUl 


Guano  (cxci*pt  fmtu 
buuiltxl  iitlutljil. 


Took 


18.  in 


25.1 


noUnn. 


711.  IM 

06,Z78 


M 


8n,m> 


kuii  w  brought  chiefly  to  New  York  (16,738  tons),  Baltimore  (7,732), 
khia  (073),  Norfolk  (.300),  San  Francisco  (122),  and  New  Or- 


Hl  besodrces  and  fisheries  op  united  states.    293        1 

Koct. 

LusUier,  and  muiaCuitiirrfl  of.                                                  ■ 

Boota  aod  ilbors. 

LMtber  of  on  kiuU 

not  olarwhcTu  sptcl> 

fled. 

Uoronon, 

itnil  ntJicr 
flno. 

Sod- 
dl»*)y 
a&rt 

barsKW. 

Maon- 

fmaurea 

of  Dllt 

t-lac- 
wbrnt 

Pain. 

Donan. 

PouDda. 

Dollon. 

UuUan. 

DoUant 

Dollorm. 

AlO,  115 

10 
302.  H7 

r           * 

3.SM 

«3 
SS.fiW.I 
26.  «y 

no 

.1fl,433 

44i 

l.fi80 

l.STO 

* 

'Ti,  MaM 

x _ 

a,  012. 403 
l«i 

60^17:1 
27 

l,Utt,l)«l 

S.<mt 
i.2a3 

2ftK.*l 
IM 

l.OM 
3,810 

JIA 

i^^::::::n:::::::: 

T5 

1    tutS 

; 

67,  MS        10  039 

S34 

680 

DLl^  .....».«....!,... 

U.U70 

V$                 fiO 

fc."  :-!:.:.  : 

70 

21 

f:.:: :.;.:... 

1,4M 

a.  MS 

7a 



60 
905 

10 

250 

n 

M5 

«O0 

"i 

^. 

06 

c:«::: ;:..... 

60 

0 

IK  ...::::::::::.:" 

8.SM 

iT« 

«,7M 

fitmaa       

317 

tt 

bttno 

" 

iT4.:ii» 

1           140 

rMAD   .,....,.., 

90 

tM 

87^ 

170 

44,:tu:. 

iT^;::::.:::"..::.: 

4.ssi 

m837 

4,  MB 
tV7.B50 

1 

,x 

10, 090,  MW, 4. 400,578 

ISO,  MM 
17^ 

' 

U>>..........k 

144 

Slt::::::::::::::;::. 

S,7fi6 

a,  018 

6.005 

l,S3S 

i  (■> 

;c 

iti"iu'.::;;::;:;;:::: 

7.7«i 

30  tm 

1 

■4<>-h.> 

2,4io 

6,  lyj 
ow 

30 

%";::::::::.:;::;: 

n.iat 

1,730^  3W 

618,170 

70 

WMh.. 

2(W 
HO 

90,241^ 

kCa)-^ 

ao 

44&&T1 

IB 
inn  iin 

101 

k 

40             '    '^ 
27,  WU  1        7,803 

iiw""* 

M8 
314 

' 1 

BOU  itSA   111.  few     UK  !'>■.•  fKtit  'n  mn  77*4    i  '.>»ji  9^« 

[m.uks 

301,M(S 

nso.su 

:i3a^84S 

1          , 

1 

^1 

|S«lt473 

' 

j 

742,300 

K 

i 

r 

■                                               HAIB.                                                                              ^H 
liiuwh  ill  tilt'  fi>ll<>\viii;:  l;ili1o:                                                                      1 

Bstr,  ami  niannfWturrx  »f, 

Pomtn^ 

ValoP.                  1 

M,  'lOl                ■ 

"       1 

U.B96      ^M 

■  UDlHllllf 

■•  tiirwl: 

lit 

'1  nr  uncIfonMl. 
!    >r  itnrlraned 

ilrawn  or  uiidra-wn 

,  dniwn  ur  iiDdrnwa,  uoman- 

Iii 

1M.BW 

3.aa,oo3 

■  " 

''.1^r\» 

da  ur  vattTvaaaa 

....... 

<  «  tuA.  nlliitf-wlMt  tir 

wlded  fur 

• 

^^_^ <.,....,.  ...i.....,^.,....... 

Tin   Jia       ^^^M 

Wt- 

1: 

^ 

302 


INDEX  OF   OBJECTS. 


Anunndytidc ..••..-... 31 

AmiuouiA SdO. SM 

CailKmat«<  of SOS 

Parpamluaf  .............«■■«■**■  228 

Manufitcturo  of  ...... 17& 

AumonitUiQ  (ilx  iin>patatiuit)... ftl 

Pi-i>pnrr<l 63 

hfikltrra Bi 

meAsnTcs.. B2 

Arapliihlmia,  Propneiilkut  nf 215 

AuttihfmaL'nliroraica 207 

^i^ilhsdms... 287 

"           nrltilin  M7 

"          uiHliiloAa SV7 

AmphtittlcbaB  nrprntcFaa 38 

>lmm>t 88 

Anotiiuithlnl ...•..«■».••••  ....  S8 

AiUMl>ofiitaioflalielUU 371 

Aiwmucliiic ...•  U 

AuuTuu'nm  win^DOctoi ..............  13 

AluUTti1clUiilid« 82 

AmoThlultU  lapiu »,...  32 

"              TOUMThlBS D 

Anjitoinl<wl  tDfttmrncBtat  nrUtlra  for 310 

San 178 

AncboredgfU-iiota..* US 

AnolMM IBS 

AnclwriM,  EMmooof...j. 188 

Preaorred  axpiirU  of S88 

pTMKTYcd  Unportaof. 378 

Salted 188 

I^OOhovy 81 

Bftucc 188 

)rlni)Kf<tta  qaodrooellBtA ...«. M 

Lii)i^'l-tl«h 88 

Liil*vl-llBh,  Blnok 88 

igUr. S3 

kngliligupparatiM,  AcrNtaory IIS 

Vwts  ami  aoMosoriM  of  87 

Ansllas-Uckle 88 

Aogtillla  roBlrata. 88 

Aaguillldin 83 

AuUniU  clutrcml ..,.,. 90 

i;<ltilpin«Dtj| 142 

fsrtilif.tra,  OUnT tsa 

f.»r  iclcnilflc  uKf<«,  P«-»frv»Huu  nf  174^178 
proddrtBaniltTirlrappllnitioun  ITJ^IfiT,  279 

iualp% 217 

caUa.  whUllon,  ft« Ifg 

'AnlmatNand  liinl*,  Tmltatlona  of 139-140 

HIa*l(lcr«  of 715 

brrcxlinir.  Funign  tmporta  of 774 

Of««  for MS 

tlecvf.  Llvlnis 130 

ilotuntioatpd,  Pnltum  of 344 

thmit  ot,  oanU  ia  c:alUN>-|>tiutbig  . . .  328 

Food  for Itft 

GoUvf.  fordj-^biR 228 

HnntUii: laa 

PTWU1017.  iMitrlBnwbr.ifmIilhHod  %44 

nM>fal.  EncmlM of. 244 

AnlMitTmiiii*  vtrjctnlciia 47 

Aonrllda MB 

iiilou (..^ 5«s 

lUretic  rur>aMt isi 


Abtelopo  <Arcttlor«pro  aiDeilMMl.*.......  ttB 

Hair  tif  u>u  skin) ai 

hnwlK.  Alaska  fi>r —  141 

HiK.f«  of as 

I'roatwrn, .  .  | 

AnU'Dnarliila' .,...  M 

AiilUocu|>ra  aravrtcaok ».»,  t 

AnlUnmiiHdiU ^,  f 

AnUtopUue ...4-. „...-«. t 

AuUfuv ..  .......... ...  SB 

ofdtwr -. .  W 

ofclk 3t 

ofmooav X 

A|MU«Jot MI 

Api'lUti  (inadnKsua _.— . H 

Apodea ■ 

Apparalua  aocuaaofy  to  rigi^fag  flablat-fc* 

aril !!»•» 

AdhraiTC  PfV* ^ 

AngHnH  <>pcfair\'  Ul 

Angllug.  Parla  and  ac':t«*'>nr*or  ^ 

Cooklftg W 

Coitttwistlnjt W 

DM'iJ-M^-aMiuuUuj *< 

IMpiiIni; -  !<• 

TUul  4^h(pph>S • 

fuTL-oltrctiu;;  aprdmvna .......  8B 

fW  dtalmyiog  ilUuiloua  upadM  ^O 

for  dniwliiK  out  J" 

for  Irr-cotUac >• 

forkioilliuft  flra ......  ...^..to  V 

for  making  aod  |>liiaii|  llim  ik*- 

fauUf  iiMtcliiitloa  - -■  I^ 

far  DiakinR  and  DMiuittB^akiw.  ^ 

for  maklui:  mria I" 

for  DuuiiilWt4tn>  of  iifU  itftn- 

aoTy) ■'^W 

for  iihyaical  timmnh  9 
for  pn^aerrlBg  owl  T'^''*T'i  d 

loss 

ftiramoklDCAQt  ■  1^ 

fiti  Mutfitrutiiij;  wlUifttAcaof  «)■ 

jiliiii- •• 

An*  trntiapnrttD^cCX*   "* 

tot  IraiupurtlnK  flah ^ 

fortwUtlnc  lin«* I* 

fof'  «  IiuItmiIb  dt-ktnioUan '  ■  ■  ^ 

Halfliing it>^ 

of  iMtttcr-dreaalac.  Mctal  ni 

ahorijelnal W 

rbotogmphlo  finiiiiMHj> i^ 

Tninaiioniac 

AppUaoi^ra  for  wnrkUiji  op  mmll'  . . 

of  piir^Mlt    

AppllraUntm  of  animal  fitodMcl^ 
Aitiiorta  .....     - . 
Aiiiafiiim-OLr  {9.titu. 
AfjuaUa  autautla.  I  1 


PT 


l!  ■ 
Afvltttn  tniinnii 
A  


S3 

10 

-Iff 
m 

jC 

At 

Hi 


Ottkiits 


ITS 


lebof. 


BaUobo  (mo  DDiliiT  n  30). 

Bttoou  au<l  boiuB,  iiDpurUaad«xporU  ....-370-377 

BaclituBn'A  Hnro IB 

Uftdgcr,  Auoricoa 4 

Hair  ae.r-  *..*,.,..,*...  SJ7 

Bagn,  Quae .— *,•-*. IM 

iDltaUtiIti » ». 170 

lUUlns lU 

nalnl  iull«-<:tuis-«(une* 127 

IlainUrlltt  jiaiuitata ...................  45 

IteiiU'clUrv * IS 

PoEpoiw 10 

Bftit,  SeMnaik  ttMd  fiv .  SSI 

mIdm UT 

boxm .»....«.  ISO 

BivalTD  Bht^U-flML  for SSI 

eaiu , U8 

OMt-BPtA 210 

clAiufl,  VrhMltwnvws  far., 138 

enttcra IW 

B*ilcUhui)lu M 

boop-not 12V 

Bftil'UdlM ^. TS^ISS 

BaltmrtU , , 128 

BAltmiU  ktiivro 17 

BiUt-mUlM,  kulvtte,rlioppcni,&o 170 

JUIl-nwKUc* U8 

BalU 1*7, 187 

Anmcial 138 

Mi'lhiMlsof  prnparlDg  (occcssorioMl ...  138 

NalunU 137-138 

Prcitaratiou  of ....u>..  170 

l>n-|iurrd  (mw  R4S> U? 

S-iIt..<| 137 

Tolling 137 

Hjtimu.  plain  and  flatod lOMOQ 

Dulumuinyallcotaa 18 

BKUrtiMo) ^ *..  Ul 

BAljrDopt«n  l^fti'l'laoiili .^. ...... ......  U 

"           ruAiniia........ 19 

vellfon la 

Boliruupterldai U 

lUIifUOptarlnB.. A 13 

IbiWn    SOa 

ItoUAtftA  caprlwuB 23 

"       rlnjpinif 24 

'•      vctula M 

BiilUtlilir M 

JiuU,  <luit,  will  wlrocartiidsfNi 03 

(llalUHtitA) 68 

UuDiUtl  lUickHab SO 

Itudiltfrdah 48 

Brtd at  US 

BnoglA  hiiK-opiii-iiiiroa..,.. 208 

Bauk'tHitulnk 200 

llaata  n  fHgfratur,  HorixoDtO] ....•••.  108 

fiarbod  litiiilcraoui* 88 

apeare .■■■..  82 

BarkUoM JIO 

BarwdM M4 

Bainu-'uda,  Xuribara All 

souUMim sa 

Bamllns IT4 

Barrel-Uflcn....... .»m*... .■•....  Mi 


304 


ratTct  pfita  fof  odn....... , lya 

IJtUTi:!* ..,......lBD>2i; 

BiMTfltrapa  ,.,.... „... ]3i 

Barrvi)  Orutiad  Caritiou ,.,  4,19i 

EBiTlLir'DH* , _..  133 

£UrrJpt--8liaiiMi -._ .,*.,...  \M 

BturUTH,  Ud^  orvuvfi  (lUMbi),... SW 

Bai^wfiriB , •*.-.. ^.^.^..-  134 

Bu1L(.>^luvte]liilJg _ S4B 

Buakcta,  lliinn'  jmd  itd  ,,„... 10? 

flaaa.  AflJJluial  dica  for ,.....,.,., ICJ-U* 

Onik .„  U 

fiod  .....— .- ^ „,.  45 

KDck  »..* ...,„.,..„.., 4» 

Sw>  — , , frtf 

Himtted — ......,.„ ir, 

Btrlpnl , ,,„.»..,....  51 

WljJtu , M 

flibln&  DiDlliiilf^iigrvulclbr ,.U.El-ll[ii 

tnrklw... .„.„.,......  00 

tttipi  , ua 

Kfl»1iiri!  Sriuppor  . . . » -...*.-...„.„.*,  M 

IlHtgimn"... ttl 

Buti-ucliirliE ..,.,. HS 

BNitncllUMtBU..- -,-,».,-*...,.....,..  32 

Bftt,&r<fi    ..,,. ,. 21 

Bflta^Hnlrof ,,.., ,-,...„,,.  IM 

Bay  nr  rwvf*  luirrien  (Hawb'i}-  ,  - ......  M6 

L>in,  iLjuinifniJ IS$ 

Furrnifto......  _„.,,, .,..,. ...........  11 

BwH'Ii'ilrji'in .*.,.............  1C9 

BeakJIair ..+..,-„..  SO 

lU-ani-tmui  „...,_. .,^_.   ,....,,,,,,,,,,,.  JgO 

Ufar^niui-k .-.-„-.  5,101 

llrxDeflOf^  Ac IW 

ciftWBof. ,. jm 

Gt[iiEl>*.,.-. , 4 

IlaiT  nf...., ,, 217 

PnUr.,,.,.. ..—,,-....,, fi 

'WlllltA ..-,....  S 

BBflDdedFlymf^Osti - S^i 

BMi^ftt.......... „  223 

meat,  Jerked .^  ^t^ 

oil  ,.,..   -,.*.,......,...., 223 

B«*r4,  Ti>«t1i  or ,....,..,._.  107 

Btartr,  ATiirrican 17,  IW 

l^tftlon^uiii  of -Ji' 

Fur  ((F  laistor) ,.., inc 

Ineitun  or ** .,,.. liift 

Iratfaer  , ^^. ......  554 

BwMnig4yft -...-*.-.,.. 229 

ISoil»..-.. —._........,...., IC 

Nrtwfor IfiJi 

Be*C  Tropfirt*  anti  piportt  of, , , ,  „ ,  .2'(t-277 

Urit-'t].  smukccLiUMlauUcd  ....»..___. .ltf2-]iM 

Bpch,  I^rof^ftffition  of. . .  „,, „  _ .  siR 

B<yia<raii ,,.... .230,200 

B^vtttfis  &c..  Vnnkatory  invpanitJam  frrnn.,  '2^1 

wittiii  of,. — ...^ .^^  5tia 

Bi^Liyfn^plna  -..,. .^ iJi 

B&Qpw«  ...,*.»-,..>- -..,... ,,  ^B 

Utlnnt'  hlm»»...... ...,,,., ^  ^ 

''      Jniic«ll -.».** ^^^^  54 


Betrifio  tatlmUkiLui. 

"'       loajrirtwtrU,.^,.. 

BelDnlOn 

DelU... ^ 

Cw« ».,.,..«*4 

Ptatol - w»i.^M.ak 

□clu^  leftLber .--...,...............,, 

BarmadA  BmiitD »4 

Shfld  ............ .„,..,..U 

BiMjtidK^ ,i 

BkliiHtu i 

lltdarnui. ^ 

Bifi-fyw.  Short —..^i 

nig-eyod  HCTrtBg, ..—.-»., v.. -—,«.j 

ScaU  ........ ^ .J 

Dlghnm,...,. _ .-,-ii 

ItllliuTil-tnljJLi  piTttiiVniiT  ivfnniihfftnrnr  tri 

Di[v|]-L&.tkciiiDO(.'a ^.4 

Ulri^b  rjiiioci  ^.-.. ,,. ,....^ 

tUhlfuri - 

Ei-JiltljiL'  ,. ., 

gpIatJupfl  ........._....._.., t-, 

plubo 

mcali-nelii... _...,..,. ........... 

uils....... .,,.,t.,.,.. 

ExtrftOttoEi  gf ...., 

prflpAraitimi ....... .,......,. 

filta-«aUs..... ,.„ 

IHnifS-k<* 

BfntWo.  to ....„ 

mni>(,nDiioqr...... ,.,. .„.., 

Ca^e*tbt , 

Cfannkftl  pnxlucb  fhim , 

CoUirlBg  fmra. 

domcatuAteil 

Duwu  of „., 

FDrcign  import*  of,.,,........* 

Jftked.. 

ritjpngQtlon.  of ...,,..„ 

QulIIiiur., , ...„„ 

BlnMiuiiiimj   .„,_.,.. 

1t[Til-iikinikIj?;ktbf'rpn>pnxMl  from.... 
Bin] <k] logii  fuBDil  by  Eakitmja]! ........ 

Blnl-snj^f 

Ittr<l'tpciiri»  Abciriiplnfll ...... ...,.,-. 

BiBon  jiiDcrituuitu. ........... 

IlQOfiS  uf-H................. ....... 

l<!a.tlii[?r ................... .. 

mU    ,,.-..,..'.: , 

TUTalTm, OtbiT, fuT  fixid..........-..^, 

BLvulvLMklu-UAAh.. 

for  bfijt 

tot  food  ............. 

BLviilTi^e,  Ii^iLrioaji  .. — 

Tn  parr-il  foi>d3^uf........»b.. 

ri>aH-(irotliicln  (5  ...—.....-*. 

URufiil  (rr  onuuncntil,  oUitf 

fur  f(NMl 

UHfnl,  Otbi-rwlM..... ....,., 

BliLclt  Au!:;i-I  UHb ....*,..... 

Ikaf -  —  ,-.. 

Cftt „.,..„.„, 

IhielDr-ftflh ..... 

I>»a'flah ;,_,„ , 


BrUUuft,  OututumiiiluD  iiiul  imporlA of .......  1*66 

I'lir  .lUiatnmLCttl  luptxnmnQia £19 

oJfliair  auil  pwoarj' *.-  SIB 

tuv  HhiH-inuki>iii'  wnx-endA ^  S39 

L-lbig)nwl  Sea  robin ,*,„,.„,.*  S3 

JUgiAiDiiuuiuCkcttLrea'r.. io^ 

UrmA  rLi;knre1.,. , ^ 

llrriok-iluiDty  (Fuimiiiii'ft).—!.!.-.,-,, 2<« 

Brook  Trout, .„,...-.,........**.— 6* 

UmatniDA  rupioriMuiUH* ............... .......  ^ 

Btown  OhlmffTd ....„..,..,. -.  M 

PffUcan.. -.  1» 

Hal... , 17 

BnuLes,  iJev-T^Jialf  ......... ............  53« 

FeuJhfTing 347 

jftwni  iialr  ol  akdnk.  — -  SIT 

Hntrjuifl  briitlesfor...,...,, .  217 

BtynfMii  hviiiLoiilL'd 2TD< 

}iluon»M  ,,,.. ........*«...._.  E7ff 

BryotJuHnninu  ScnffJrthll 300 

"              trijiti^iira  .- SOQ 

Bm«HchtbyfliiB»>altt«.. 81 

Bmu-ii'lniiffl,  iKJh'Ub  of  .-.. SOfl 

Boflklo,  AnKYlcau. .-<'.■■.■■..>. ...........  7.,1£>3 

loan  Of 190 

BnlBl  9(,  WtA  io  Cuming, ..... ....  339 

Brmi  nf... ^1 

^lufn  of >....«....... .-  ^Vi 

flult --.,.. ..., 51 

liniT IW 

l«Hli«T, ,--,,-.*...* ^.— SW 

Tomi.  Sailed IM 

Hulk-wadding  .-.. .-.^.  K 

"EulUiog  iiDaiiililig-tiUL€taJiiiQ ...  ,,..„..  60 

llTiU.-»-IjoMi>f»  ....  ,-.„.,....-...^ W-ftS 

EallfiMnttUli  -  ,,....... .......-*  &2 

Bullet* -.. re 

bIh^Us,  &c,  (exfildd^} W 

Bnlitowft OT 

EuHii-but'kfrls — ., Wl 

UtiEti,  Looee.. ..-.- ...^......— .-  127 

ISurlwit.* ^ 30 

Bur-l!l»li ,  — 23 

Buniins  of  lime. ^*— .  ^ 170 

Bumlnj;  nbflld,  Modda  of  kilna  far 170 

Burnt  hom-.-. -. 3W 

ii[Kin^ 331 

Bnfycon^  ^faoll«  of. 908 

Baiter,  EipDTt*  nnrt  ImiHJrt*  pf 2Tfl-2n 

fl»h 4S 

Avm  milk  of  CDWi.. ....... .........  K9 

BuUorflj,  Flyiug  n^b M 

Brty ,,,- „  08 

Byniiifl  of  moUuBbfl 233 

fif  inolliwt*,  FflbtiCB  fnun - 1« 

of  srlng-ftbell  (PJona  noI*[|ifi)i  ., ISO 

C. 

Cabrw- .., ,,, 7 

C4brvBt«t 142 

C»«iM... 313 

fvrraimili £43 

for  hW*,,.,,. SI9 

fonfaiHGta..... Ua-ftM 


Caldlnril  c^iml. 

mhttiim .-a 

CoUfombiGniibcr  *.*.... —■ 

Gray  feiTiim-l 

GrouiKl  i^(iiliTifL.-.. -.. 

Bflw 

BpottMieole.. 

BtiufTtar 

CdUllilpptiiUiiii-iUAtii.. 

ColHr1liiDU»  nrjittin* 

CalULbiuuuLoo  Auii<ri«Uiubi. ...... — . 

lUllryl 

"  ButTTTl ..•>.* 

**  li>  iMMildeBm  — ..,.-...* 

"  oorTmboaum  --.-....—.- 

^*  cruii Utain • 

"  florriwnni .,..^^-.*., 

'*  1M«initRi-or|kltDni 

"  JrfJoIWA... ». 

"  vt^i^^lA  ......  ..,..,.,.. 

"*  plUopbum 

rri»ti«i .-- «i 

"  rMKini ^.*i.- 

lUtUiil 

"  tFtttt([CrauiU  ............. 

"  Tnnc^ .*„^ 

*"  Tnrnlvfllnr ......«•»«& 

CallniibyUk  LitMJjpM „i 

oliiiulftlla.... 4 

' '  vartpfltatA ...~ 

Oaltftbrix  tMjitvry  1»m1* ,. , .», 

"        gcopuUmim..... ,,—  »-,...•-. 

Colla.  AoijolU^  wlil*1lM>  &« 

Bird 

Cnnju'l'ft  Iwlr.^...... — . 

Uiiwio,  St;d-AtiAl3a  for 

»h,ll.-  ............. .......,— 

CiUDi'r.V4ibHi''nra* . .  ..... ................ 

CmiM-TiiSHDdflttiJie*    - 

CjuDcm  tripotlB  imil  Btjmdi 

Cttlllf*  oinflt ,..,.**.....,.,......... 

Camp,  Ifimting................. - 

CmiiihdA  L.vnx  ..^..-. ...,...,., 

Pikr-pcTPb    ,,,...,............. 

CotUHlliLa  rairhltiieal. 

Hftb  ...... 

Ciininp-liiib ^ 

CBnilk'H,  UUinr.  EspOTUof *.~*, 

CaaMiMtirk  ..  — —,.....«. 

CaOtb,  AiT'fim  — ............. 

Con-lioqbji . .... .......... ......  .....,,-.• 

CanUicn.. ............ 

Cuuitil  rhickm ..• 

donui 

fwd, ,.....»,.„«.— 

fn>s»  —  .»*.-.,,,,*,„.*-iK. 

<:!«»« — " 

bt'irms .........•>»> 

lubMtcl;  imd  ctnbi-. ........*»... 

Utttc  Keck  dnqfe ^'-•■ 

uiwU .......,,.,.  ...-,....11 

ini^abAdi^ .  ..».....F>« 

miJIt.. ....,...*..,. ^,„^..,.,«. 

•eoUapa  .,.....,....-«,„..•...«.. 

liKTkfiy .......*»-•— 


P»B©. 

CaatacncA  ^'inMin'tia. UTO 

CiiMt'Uin , iw 

Ciwtiir  I'uuuili'Daia.....^.... .........  17 

CiMtiireutiiuf  boarcr...-. 3S7,206 

Cnaturltln «. 17 

Cttttturiur .>.......»«•■• 

Cuats,  Apparatiu  for  maUn^. *-.*>••■••..*>  Vtt 

Ctuta  ot  flslK-fi 4.........  2n 

CtttfFtUKiWmtolica) .'...•.• Ifit? 

Il!...-1; , X IgS 

M-iK-w , ja» 

LH-iw-rfieU,., 188 

WUIU* ItW 

CfttAloguc  of  nitutrutlotiH  o(  inver1«litat«a  of 

AiDoiicuiirouBtA .>............  ■  ZTil 

Ot-flill),  I'nik-ULiled ft! 

Mild Ol 

"Cat-f^nt"  finqoilaBnUlMulrni HU 

OatoHtomhliL' (U 

CittoHttiniui*  terfs. VI 

t.'al-ripti-d  Otlilng-boaU 3W 

CulUn,  Fi'n^lgn  imports  of. „. Sti 

CmrJc,  Hair  of , « 210 

Ciuilnr|iii  AHlimmilit... ..............<.  310 

clavifcin 2W 

*'         rnuuiiritliu 370 

"        cur<rvMr>tfli'«  .,.., 370 

"         ctii'iriilia . ..............  370 

Uiiiii;Iun«a  .......................  310 

p(ia|iuliridc0 370 

pltinwrta 310 

prnliA'ra  ..„.•.....,.,.,.,.,.....  370 

CAaIi>lalilu»mlcrop« „...,.« 44 

Cuvlaro ,..  180 

C*rr);irinannn  (Plnua  cvdrae) «...• 390 

Ct'nlrun-hitlo! ....••«•••• 48 

Ccutrorvnu  rlnriilntniD 308 

KntuDlikuum..-. 208 

CcntniprUtls  nlmi'liu SO 

CcBtritiicyUlain  Fubrlt'il 00 

Cititrowynuiuii  arlolopls OV 

ConitiiiamD<«loQgchBtnp«U 9(0 

"         tliupUuiiiiiti  ......................  3QS 

"         fiwUtrlatttffl SID 

"         iiUcDii MB 

"         nilirtim 90R 

"          alnctum  ............ ....M......  30B 

"         tcniiiftxlainni 908 

YvungU 288 

Citratacantliuiauraiitiiirua... 23 

Oro 41 

8patl«i] 41 

Cvrvfalnn. ......,.t** 7 

Ccrviu  tun&denaia S 

"      <liinift 0 

CpU 10 

Chs!iii>]>«i?Ua  dezitata 37 

oblou^ 27 

ocillfttU 37 

ChiPtmlnntUl.T SK 

Ubirtonwri^ia  biflcbygOBA...... 771 

"            nifla^oniuin 371 

"             f  !c(|(ii>(lAnA 37t 

"            lalorlA 371 


a 


308 


DCDEX  OF   OBJECTS. 


Cbn^tomorpbAtortaoaa. .».. 371 

Cluisnii'JorUjLimulfl'U +  -.,.... ....*,,, 271 

Cbai[iii'lJ!t  [lun'nlu..^.^, .^...^ _  2fi7 

rimrin-LlCut-fisIi,., FJ 

Uhantr.iuqlft  cfflore«CHr[ka ^ . . .  ^. SiCD 

"           Tlr^tulu.... 'SfiO 

Cbnrpca],  Aisimnl „.. 2S0 

CluiTifr.dniwi'rB  -..^.... __. 03 

CIiiirlLrHU'n  Utoum, M 

Clirr*:*,  Ri^qil  ....„.,.....*,..........,..,  (M 

CltttKlL'kai^'vd. ...........  ..^^..r-'i... «>■'.-.  74 

Clii'i<»w  ..,.,., ISS,277,17$ 

Chrlonia  in5<llii«  , . ............ ....  K 

vlcgalu .....,_, ,,,.,...  23 

Ch<^lf>n£i<Lo J3 

Cbi'lyilniarrpratiTUi.,.-,^  >.,..._.,. ..  23 

Ch'-lyilil^lJC 22 

C]i<^mJi.dl  ii[iplI{-aUaa  of  hoofti  nDdclairi  ..203-SDri' 

prcpnraifircH,  Ci^dbuuiiiILuii  uf , . . .  STO 

productiB  — )"3f5lft 

|if>ixhu't«  and  EFg:i.-iil«  la  aiiM  and 

mpjilcint'ii  .....,.*.. ,..,.. 22&-ffiJl 

products  IViim  b^U 230 

produtitB  frc'td  cttuiiaiiKa 331 

IinMlucta  fromtJebi^a.. ........ „.S80-^1 

prodactiB  frinn  iuB4-cU. 229^^1 

prodUOtB  from  molla&ks  .........  eui 

linKluctfe  fi-(-<tii  fivtoaDiula  ........  3^1 

ptwiBeto  frotu  rdilliilQii  ..„,..,„.  231 

productfi  rnitii  I'n'iitUt^-.,^',. ,.,...  !!3D 

Itrmlti cU  frvm  iruitiiA ,*,*.^,,  S31 

Cfa<?KtH„  Mt^dJciiaB... ....... ^.......^........  xm 

Chirkni-OiLr 14 

Chirktu,  C'ltincd  -, .*...*„*..........-  IK) 

fbktf  Muilatain  Lakp  Whitf-fiah...,. 57 

Cbiliihthy*.  tiirglduft 24 

Chdomj-fUTiiB  riiHgtuiHiiiii . ....,,..,,.,  24 

e;t>0blt^tI1cUb. 23 

CbiKp™,  r:rowB  ..„ es 

PttclDii, B5 

lilumbpA. OS 

CTnimiPrlitse, ..  .....,--..,,.....*........._..  S3 

CLlm^hina^ChlntUUljiktdt^tJ 193 

CUiiiUiULk. ...— , ,.  14 

ChirojHtuiDn  oolirnmii'tiftia ,...,..... ..  fl3 

Diitadtm 53 

Chlnm  rrhUBtolJjitUB.....-...^..* ^, ......  S5 

{•iiltittua its 

|)k-tuj :ib  i 

CMontX  Jiydniito ,.....„ 177 

Clt1i»nMlr«QiH  (1) 270 

CtirnHiftlinra  fcatigioU  — , 271 

Cb*Kka ]ol 

Clui'nijMllBtTnUatiui 3ft 

cii-ijiw-t ......„., aa 

Cb*il<\'.  .'iilkr'B , 46 

Clink.i;  ilo^f 2fl 

CJniiiMlrlii  nlr'EF)i'ni-]iur>>iL. ...  .^,,.... 2M 

'"        4l0»}T>lii|-Ud aoB 

**        IlttoraUs ..,. SM 

"        mirilnta. ,..„.,...,.„....  ^ft 

"       leBniMtma *. SOB 

Ccnrlmrttrl  .,,,.,... ,,...,.,..,.„,.,,,  $i 

ChuuiivuM  nifDuliR....^. ................ .,,...  '2CB 


Cbaadnn  criBpoA  ........*,..„„«••■»•• 

Cha|»t>iu^*ltniTut  ~ -....<« mhu^IISI 

Choiwtict*. ...••*.«. ......,,.w  IB 

Chuitiln  lliuni V 

CtturdjiTiM  aMpliu^  -. ..,.-...,..„».,,_,  fl 

"        dihuioata K 

**        flastflUliinHJa „„.  B 

CluyAjnoicula  ludjuHoiiuidas. ..  .,,«..•.„_,  ■ 

ClmbSnck*T   .-..,..,........-.*. „  g 

CbuliM^liiilla  nvulla H 

CIllMtttftrgT'.iicalfl ,._.,  H 

CUrJ^'^llnt  Ltijuriaas.. ..^.. .-•..........«  H 

CltTLiBttnul ....»..«.  V 

t'iVPt.  llDpOTtl  of  ...,-- ...«,....  SI 

Cl^idu[jbuc-Ei  jux'lui „  81 

"         fnwiTA- .„,.......*. .4  M 

*'         lBfti>vir?na  .. . ............  It- 

"          LiMWH. ...,.,..„  S 

"           nn-mliirauac-c*. ...... ..._,,„,„  ff 

'"         ruirt-stiiB. S 

*"         ntirtail!i.....„.„.. ..„.  H 

I'ludonlnphnft  ajjMngioBua. .,,.,,.....,„,„.  J| 

*'■            vtirticHbituB , 1! 

Clnm-htraks,  h&nny  »B^  picsb -..,..„„.  I 

Glatn-kniTia .-.......„..,...,..  ' 

Liatu-nikrt ..,,..,..„.....-_„ 

ClninslioiTr  la ._ ....,,,...„... 

CkuHJl.-,..-. 

CoimM ] 

I>Mp-Ma » 

Hen ,..., „ ^  I 

UttleKock.  C^KHl I 

r*unff .,...._,. I. 

Cbip-iictB  fof  tiirda  .......^ „..  Ij 

CJiitV*  tMHl» , ............  £1 

triiu;;bH  ......^...,.4... ... J* 

Cluw.  Devil » 1( 

Cbiws. ....... ..— .* „.  % 

of  bear  .....i................ ».....„  9 

of  puiuA  ............._.........._..„  9f 

of  wolf H 

CJaya *..--*^  ........ ..*. „.  IT 

Cimnon II 

Cltaatlnif  flrc-Annfl ..--,„.,..,......,...  1 

jirvpal-atiun,.... _.,.....,_  B 

Cl&sirinc-riiiga , U 

('l»it--iio»i}d  Sfc»te .................. ..  I 

Clpfflls ,. 11 

Ciewe....  ..„,., ISlLt 

Clmw-tfl,  Dnrk.,- ...„  I' 

ClDiiau;; laiiAMV-B 

I'flatbtT* f*i.r ..„„......  t 

for  hiiiida ,,.,.......-..,,,...-.  t 

Cl<tlb«wQ7^ti  fh>iini  foAtber.. ................  l 

Ac.  ItnpWtWflf.. ..,.......*. -.—.*•  t 

Clnli-Qffb.  AmerifaiQ.. ,,.........., _.,,.....  t 

Clubti,  Andcil .^..............,...... 

[AA  miaailcfl) ....  I 

with  bonv-poiatii t 

Fi6hc>m]«a'i ...  ' 

Unntlns .................. .....,.,.-  ^ 

Willi  niotdl  point*  .,.,,..4.^......'—  '^ 

fUlijum,,,.......,, »...-  R 

Strmn-bctulcd . ......... ,...«. .  *  *...».  ^ 


ConsmnpUoo  of  flail 

gi'lotlne 

2M 

UIdsIiim »NI 

Ivory  axtH  its  muiathctorui  2W 

IcalJua 31M 

miKUclav*,  Jto 

oik , 21W-207 

pvrfixmery  tnntariAb SIM 

nofli* CM 

BheU ff..  aOO 

eUk  anil  iU  manoAtrlurnt . .  SftO 

Bnapa 20»-a07 

■jtei-imnis  of  ontuTuI  titntury  SUl) 

u-Dxand  itAniimarnctiirra. .  StiO 

wluUcbuDu. 200 

Coo1&ing-«ppArattui ...^ Iffil 

CooUug 174 

CopncN,  Mnvalilo Itl 

CO(|Uvttti 38 

Coquiiui 807 

Cornclca IM 

Cona M7,  sea.  200 

■a  n  material ,.....'..  S07 

Fun 207 

fur  liiilldinj 197 

cakiiK-a « wr 

PrffinnUfoudf..... Ki 

Rod 207 

ImiuUouiof Xo7 

TTliit* 207 

CamUlmlga 15ft 

Conil*roc1[ , 807 

CuraUlam  offli'-iliftlii 2fff 

fl'^nnniuta 2C7 

CotbI*.  Pi-o]iiiga1Jun  of 248 

roniJ-tiiui;ii 

CorO^lix-liulla  conforU 3C7 

Ciini'twiMUug  apjiarutua  ....*»......•»«..  W 

Corop>nlilir ....»•.».....  S7 

Currguuuaclupciruniiii. 57 

"         Inbrnrloticu* S7 

Cormontnt  r-aUitr».. 23? 

Cormorunta 1B7 

CornU. „ m 

CarroRlTp  snhllmnto , 11Htv178 

Coryi)hiiiiu|fUiiotuliilA..............»u...  43 

SuiniH .•... 43 

CorypliKiililui ■.•.. ...••-•>•.•■...  43 

CoOidJP M 

L'oUonltnn UA 

Cultouail and  lU  tarinaflkctttn  |a<wt»ory)..  10ft 

CottnH  cni'uliitiiHciii M 

■       Mit^I.nit ,..,..4...  M 

"       ocUxleclmapilioflna i4 

Conptii** • Itt 

Coven Ul 

farlRwU 141 

fur  biiotcn 141 

Movfthlc 141 

KUUimnry 141 

C«wfl*U  I0.U.34 

C'ownoiird  ftny. CD 

Conry,  9peclm«iu  of  (CypnM  moneta) .....  tM 

Coyote IM 


jA«b-Hl4»^ 

^fc^Mta ....-...,  1«0 

tSnOm'pjm.... --- 307.281 

Orab-fit«niM ** — —  207 

Cl!BID]>*fiiBtl ■■■•• ............1^  OS 

Ciirf«(l,  Mom  (SUxQ«a)' _ 3*7 

Cr«TiiU»,anra«„., .......,,-,-.  « 

X^Itow........ *1 

UrlbTjlM........ ™  2*0 

CrirapeTfl...,., ..-,,^„... W-W 

Ctii^ii?(itD<eT  namayenub  ,— ...^*.«^..p -'■  '  BH 

CKKikrr -.-....-... *6 

CtocwJite,  Floridn  _-,.^...— ——...-.* 2a 

OwMMMiilia.... - SI 

CrocwUliaw ^**..,... 21 

Cnu'DiintiA  uitrriCBiiilf' . .  ..><..• ....... 21 

CroiiMijJa  itlknoata .  „ ,,, —  --  200 

Ciojpjiliig,,. ,..,...... ..„.....—  .  170 

Orom-Wlto   -, H» 

CTo«t-Wri.,. ....>. „  9S 

0»H-lKiv  traps  ., -^  —  ^..^ 19S 

CiDWJbttfTtilpcsalopexdsDiuHttia] ,.  139 

OnUUn  of  nttlMDAke  uid  ooj^Merbovd-  -  -  -  3» 

Cnm.  V«lll*«f' " - 213 

Cl'DiftkiuK-fiiiptt t *«,.'-■  335 

CPtt»i**:w*  .,.....,,.,-. * ZM 

€beffiicttl|imdi]Qla  tif~. ...........  ^1 

ttti-C^IMHliI^  ,  . -- .*.....,.  2fl0 

ilompofla  liiju^'Ot** 4.  301 

iaopoiltf  injjnrioiui,..,..,. ..—  244 

jwpoda,  «»v.'f-ul .---.  aflO 

]^llopada»  nApfcU. 269 

gtoiBfttaiKHU far ftioil  ■--■ ..-  MO 

GryptB«nlliSd^  .._...,... 31 

CryptacbotbiFiififiiiotTiBrDB ,.,^.....--  Zi 

'■'              hqbcuIuIub  w. ■_.,....,---  31 

Cr^lHonemia  crmulAt* 3^ 

Cuckoia... ....-..,„.  24 

Cultiuf;  ncd  pmt*^"lion - 233 

CuJIurt'onUliCh. ,£45-2^7 

CiuiDei ,,, ..........*44.^  9fl 

OupJtwln - M 

Cups,  fiiso  of  (Wllmoi'sJ, „, --.  S*7 

Currif  t¥,  ItunktisMita  emplRji*^  by ........ .  171 

Cbttj iug  . . . . . -..*.- -  172 

tif  iMltbCT , , .  „ . .  171 

iDCtliodi  (if  tbo  EaklmoaDd  luiUiui      171 

Curvrtl  Btkt*.._  — -. St 

Cnih-m.  Bait ,.... ,. — -.-  lae 

Cflttrn«,Trjid  ....„,   ....,.,.,-. -.  03 

Cutting  BD<1  nthPP  proice«»Ba 173 

Cnttinh'  in  aoti  blowing , ,-,----  17* 

CuHioB,  Ivfu-y _.„.... .-  17S 

Cuttin4:'Bpu(liii.... ....,.^.....  70,77 

OultJtwttftlilKrao IS7, 231,51X7 

ImporU  of . , . . . , ..-^  208 

f'ulllc*  fiJi^  liquid* ,. -..-  351 

(^il»k,.,,,., SO 

C^uildaj^H|Mlam ..., 184 

a 


hi 

CyolaptonjJi  l3tDT«ri*. „„ 

Cj^'iaiipuUaliurWtiL ......................_. 

C>'ti(>c>L'plj«klN«  mimical.,...., *^,.-«... 

CjTIiutiJja  KkhiuiiliEutiiM ...... .^..^ 

'*         |iji][fYi('.ljiaa»  .................... 

Cyumajoii  rnrotlDirt^k  >.....,..»•••*».«.> 

"        ni^iiiuii  ...>..............»*...« 

CfpiniMi,  Sludla  of....... » 

C  jp>'l>^<^- • " * • 

Cjp'^^'^Ot  ^crt->>^-'--^ .....»,... 

"  voHrgattia.. ........ ......... 

CjrpTiswJcmtidfu 

CypMjJmTMfarcAtiu,... 4  »...........,»...,. 

Cj-stoi'lmiiuin  pwrpnT— rrtili 

CffttflplioTBPri***^ ,..,.... , -. 

Cyalu^hutixuD ^. 

D. 

l>UTtflD|Vt«nU  TOUtWlt  ....^. ........*., 

X)«tiialli;hcU>  1  th^-cm. 

Dwnan.  Ilymveiua  of....... «,. 

Dwk  cIowIh  _   ., ,_„. 

IlnftB  bUrd  bticfb 

Daeya c^alllt bojnitivii ......  . ^ 

"     citoiiuta 

"     Gibboril , ,...™ 

"      Hiirvpyl 

'^    liipihttcladai.... 

"^     tDoliiB 

'*     miic.miiiata ...-.-..........,__, 

""     pliuuaiub  ....  ...... .>...^....,,»Hv.* 

"      Tumn.iiOivi«'i^  __......,..,,..,.....,. 

■'     "WurW'-iiiftuiii 

Dsaj'clwliid  tl;(va.-fij>nfll»  ...... ,...,, 

"  (KMiidcnfaiiU.*--....^.., ... 

I>oey|rt4ldii)  - . ,-,.,,. — , 

r>(JMi-fiiUs  .,,,*.„.,...... .^..... 

DiT-AptcItia  fnuturclln^  . ..... 

'^  fmnctsioj 

Bpck-sirrapcm    .-.  ...,„,., , . 

iX'Coj ooubaaJs ubd blrtl&r Living. ..^...  .... 

blanVft  (foT  iuit«lQp#«] .....^ 

ewimniiDglitrila  («arred  In  wnvd}  ... 

ewlmmibK'ljird*  (ftvm  bird  kfcizi«>  - . . 

Birlinmiug-'btniU  [In  Un  with  woodtv 
IhiiIIoidji,  Jtt^jl'.. ........... 

bnmte,.  Tam« ,.. 

(logBuaw^tii  bnnttn^dDeta  ......... 

dncka,  Tonip... ............ 

I^eonya , ]9r,U 

Sc™t .....«....* 

Slfillt ..-,.. .^ 19 

Sound „„...,...., . 

Decoy-nodcrs  (cEU-vrd  In  vopd). '--.■-—.■» 

rdtsuii|»«d  iu  tiu> 

"^"Dcop-iciDi  clnniA,"  Aoab .. 

KL'BT. 

Door,  DlackUilcd  (Cojiitcas colii&iliialiVtJi.- 

noirof  (imaklcO 

licodA,  Mubfttt, ...-<._,. ............ 

IIuOfBOf. ,.........,....«.■..' 

f^ltM ......_.*.......-.....- 

SUwwBpf. ........................... 


ja 


INDEX   OF    OBJECTS. 


311 


irsinti  ii.:orB«Qm^idiiinift)  «.D.I03 

linulwa :i)H 

»w -^ ..Wtwuo 

"2 

ITvamior U& 

IwiMMdaiUuta 107 

tUxijilrnH Sff7 

h>l>'t^lf>iHiim  .....r.t..., Vtl? 

lnr»l'^<'UM 207 

Lplirifiirli ...  SWT 

t|iirr('ifnliii. .                                  .■•  240 

ti'tiiiintiu aw 

'liuouliti**  iitt)nuittnft.  CHbct ...............  17V 

>rTM,  Mixjbuilml .r.........  178 

taptrrltiu' 10 

iptrrttM  i-a1ihIoo 10 

, 10 

, 10 

iilaaft  Ti»ir<1ii 10 

iMimltifKma 10 

»Ii              •'    nf »M 

I.Specimtnsof. SOT 

laa 

UiUU 182 

'Uuarf><itlatM>itU«lH. 270 

IICuIaIa .  270 

vlridla 270 

t!yinclr^)«nminapep4««,  A]ij)»rulua  fur.  243 

llilc-hrdil  «|H>»ni 85.^5 

lOInw 101 

llMrb  T«<rnipiD 21 

iJlMstHU-*,  DnuUira ZM 

torqaataa B 

iOw B 

ilt'hiTTla  fartitma 271 

InnL'UfLIoUi SOB 

vtlintii, — 208 

ilkhnhnn* .•>..-■••■*••* 26i 

••       fiuKtoU.^ MB 

•*      XmrthM..^ 2C0 

.i..r..i.i.i...          „ „  30 

.M *    30 

3M 

tptui 140 

lontldic        ■  93 

tpkcUuni  fatelcuiaru .....................  (0 

r» ia« 

-, "> 

ftnumtioi » 2te 

sia 122 

117 

'Hhrown  by  hand) BT 

t«b  flalt-wojri 341 

ir-ttah W 

1J7.142 

127 

188 

Bbok  « BB 

UTTfUiuMl ' 09 

]*mlrto Ifl 

fi 

-CaUra  PrairLo 10 

\oolh 00 

H|>l»«d 09 

>grtooA 187 


T)oi{-1iiinu« • 143 

I>ui*.n)iiulaB 137 

Uue-oU „ ^»  223 

I>oi;-Nli'ilgcs 142 

I»oi;wlil|ta J, ^ i:m 

]>ottvrhiiiUi« ». 4... 180-137 

I>og» «...  130 

Allititn  emennof 320 

KMUi.'la  for.  4c 243 

Twthof IVfi 

Dt-coy,  xinvA  In  hnntlnfC  dncki 12B 

BDlttna,  SbelU  uf 306 

DolptttD 43 

SnalUpottMl 43 

DnDirstlr  BoimAln,  Ofl  and  fat  fhim 323 

Uoturatlc  rxportH  S7T 

DuDir4tfcatcd  oofroalu,  Food  fbr iff? 

DiKirtrapii 133-134 

Doroaomide mi 

Dor)* Hfl 

Dory  actop 100 

I>iiryMiinu  urpi'dliuiiuu 00 

Doulilo  boK-tra^ ..,..,.„....  133 

Down  uf  Unla — .  200 

uf  KPtsio...... ...••*...-........  220 

of  cidtr-diirk •  230 

ufmW.ile 219 

for  vtuniniica,  Proparatlon  iif. 170 

of  flWi4Qa 220 

thaa  wbalu-lina 117 

T>ruilLng-bu-kla ^ BO 

ItniUs 100-101 

UiawiTii,  rhargo 02 

Dwdgo,  Coral 128 

Ordinary 12B 

DrTw1|;r-1ii)o  ruUtrra IIB 

Dn-«l){r-fakc 1>9 

DrwlgM 120 

nnDd 70 

Drc«l];i!-laiiglea 07 

Dn-)W'|[tKNlii,Iinportaof 8M 

Vtvt  and  atay  makrr'a  bone,  Uaoutiictani 

of 173 

Druaaen - 171 

I>i*aaiii|f , .,— 171 

Uiwalut'.  FMlhcr 172 

Urt<<i»iat;  fur,  Proc^-aa  of 173 

pitoml  ftinrw,  Uetbodiiof. 171 

Wthur 173 

DrlvdabalonoadZaUoUs)... ,.t-  181 

coA 183 

irrowhoppen .*..,..... 184 

bitU'tliariona I8t 

JlMTda lei 

neat  awl  blood.  Unnon  from 223 

UiuUut 18B 

alpbontiSchUothosnis)..., 181 

alugv  lUmaz.  &«.) .^. .........  184 

wunnB *..  184 

Dried  and  smoked  beef 182 

ayine-flsli » 183 

fuod«....» 182-184 

Rurflah 183 

niea r-  1*0 

Drift-nota 


312 


INDEX   OP   OBJECTS. 


Pace. 

Drovnang-out  apporatofl isa 

J75 

rThma M  , 

Frfisb-wftt«r»..>. iS  ( 

Dryer*.  BcbtIi * 108 

r>iii;:iimlftt4:sminj;HADil-batb 172 

>Hn;;tlako 1«8 

tr>ing-}i'JtiMi'(i,  A Uiritnual........ ..........  100 

>r)iuKi  rrvatTTBlion  by 10ft-17U 

wltnc « 

)ckltii!-boot4 .....>.....  144  ; 

ik.QiiUliiof «0  I 

hui]t«ni*  knivv« 7'i 

(-Ofl 223 

Dag-onl  ciuuMe. »r....»...  144 

Sane 228 

I  DuuK  ur  tintmolji  uacil  ki  t^alloo-iirititioK  ....  33A 

rDaplkiilrtiUU IB 

>U)tL;  Sliurk W 

I)iiBHumU-ri(tia GO 

I>>'c>,  BmI-Wj;. 220 

CfwbliMwl S38 

h$ti 3S0 

Pyotne   171-172 

I>>c-aluflB.  Sc«-»ulUb  for 'JOH 

I>)'C8  tmm   gnctcropmls  C^unx,  Parpont, 

icl 2» 

I)ye«fhim  nadlbranch  moUiulu 229 

fnnn  tnrnilililiitm 239 

pywkmito n 

lufuMtial  ofttth  for aU6 

E. 

Ksgle,  QuiUfl  of 210 

Hay tt& 

Eair«hiUii(lliaiuti(l»> aus 

Karlh,  InfnsuriAl 231 

ISanliB,  Inftiauriiil 207-209 

£at«r.  Cnib 03 

Krhcnf'IrlUlm 63 

Eotiiuoilmuf aoil 

Krhinnriiiniitic 70 

]7cbtu<irtilutu  iipt&otDa 70 

EctuoupUH  Furlowii 270 

"  fiutrii^itlatitii ..............  Z7U 

"  finuDB 270 

* '  grannlusai 370 

"  iliMipurl 770 

■Ukutotiu 270 

Tiriais. 270 

lUU'UtiilA CO 

Et4.boU OT 

Krl,  C<mi(Miu « B 

cottKiv •• n 

Lanprer 70 

lootber » UO 

Miiikin » a 

rarifloBock. -..       aa 

Ruck 13 

SilIKt 31 

Snipe ffl 

•Ximn 

kldiu  of  (Augunia  nilgarfi) JtXt,- 

Erl-pot«  wUboat  Ididoa UK-i;\< 

£vt-]M>Ut »« U 


Ei'ltmiM 

]£4'l-w-i>tPi  With  UtihIiitv 

Kia:'i"iii*"r* 

Etfgn,  AUtumi-n  of mhw<...    tt 

£tl'<'rt«  ao<l  ItniKnti  of . . . t .»> . .  -  fMK 

EyR-«b.-U« ,„- 

Eg^.  Sbi'll  nf .1 „.. 

Yolk  cif »..««.M«.^ .     td 

StfUiilliic  SkaW .....M.*. i 

Ehinoidn,  SptDnuT. ■ 

Ekbi-tUit  k,  Duwu  uf...... ....... ..^..mm    W 

EMtr  K-atlior BT 

KlnrliliilJi  fui-icoU...... 

Eli#iuobrg.D«Uiivt«« .*.... 

Ekc^cuuuidiui ^..*H»     ^ 

£lttcaUi1jB „«,...»    Mr] 

Elcpbant.  Srft I 

tllcphiuit-Mral . .. I 

Xlk.  .^incricaii iHI 

AnUflnor M 

ivory ..,...,    V 

iHtber ....r...'-    ■! 

BtlteA HI 

Ebipldai ....«.» H 

Elnl«  wuniS .....k.M*.         -       ^ 

E«ili{ut»cu  Jof.lmunl ' 

Wpbbl t 

EmblotocldiD „,      t 

Kmydhlir «-     ■ 

Ku.t  ur  nriuily .  BUk  oT  ( Itoml^rx  rymtliki)  ■     M 

Eni-lrt-1)ui:-npijt ~     Ml' 

Kuilooliulta  raurlratA. ...- 

£&rmk«of  unerhl  imimiiU M 

and  porailtcfenr  Ajuerlou  OTfto* ! 

EnFmiilUUiIji' - ': 

Knirraullii  vittuta ft 

EnHmviui;  UltutivtidiM,  M«4lMidi  of  ..«•■..    IV  | 

Enkydr*  marts* «....,....*•      '' 

Etkh>-dTliuD ^      'j 

£iitauf;Uit|;-11iioa 'l 

ni<U 

XatnvmotTliB  clothrata 

rampiTOMi . . . . .. 

IntoaUnBtta 

E|i1U|>itU<lA 

Cpiocphi'las 

"  ImimmoDd-Bayt. . 

"  intttatua 

nutrio...!......^ 

UittTltDS ...... 

"  atnatna 

EqtUpmcnta,  Aulual 

T'cmimnl , .... 

Krrtbiion  tknaatru  (vu.cplYttiiUiBal .. ^' 

"  «lir        r  OorvalSUk^ 

£n>ltiinrh(«l>  ............•> 

BrlfiDalbna  bartwlua  •. 
Krtntytuu  (itMnbit 

■•  CUC*<tU 


ntH<  .itKi  iiiin^it  'III 

autuou , 


(tttooo,  boao,  Imo) 

iwillr* lai 

«tultrtxitin  «prlnea.........u<.....  IH 

it ^ 55 

aamimmtm  .*• $5 

Indiu •* 60 

euLflldr .-....— ,..,.fc. &9 

^nitMntitTU.  ..,r U 

Mtchovla^^HH., „....  IM 

eat 228 

tert» M 

•tUamtica.  ....«.„,,,.,.,.. ...  II 

'  ■■" '■    IS 

as 

<iduni.... SOT 

larfitna*. ........................  207 

■■»e>oiitcna 46 

tmtmyi.,.^ 46 

Bpbodai  Unonlii (B 

inn-rrU tt 

efaaciinu 6S 

IM  laii(:iioitri«- ftS 

na  HibhlAircatQa SI 

si«Hrri a 

itiimi» 48 

U>«rli  (Ulrado  ineilifauutli) £11 


inrnMalit 

logikKlhl 

tu«fxtlipn« 

DnvftMirncmtto 
Ihitul4*t(>til 


Vfinti'-.xi 


VI 


307 
fll 

(^ 

05 
01 
aoi 
zn 

'  '■•mcatlo 274-275 

x«i aoi 


|-.>rl*7.'U*7r 

vrH,  Fort^tni 


«r  teoon  ukd  hunt. 

•rhMf,  frMh 

mlU>4 

boo^lilacik,  Ac.. 

Iwar*.  &<: 


, W7 

S77 

, aw 

9(W 

hoouuiil  4lioeA ....200-303 

uf  tiiilt/rr .. .. . .  277 

••f  ^Mllow  couillrii 307 

i>f  ('>ir|H-4a,  wooU-tl  ...••.... Sffr-280 

■•f  fxinrntrattla 774 

of  fU'rae 277 

DtnuTAUo 277 

of  fUh 2*1-283 

liy  cottnlrlcJi 283 

of  tum.  by  tUaltkU  and 

tiounirlM..... 3M 

«fa«9l 277 

ff  Ibh.  riir«d 381 

driofl  ar  rauoked tSX 

try  dlJiincu 281 

fvvsii sal 

plcklod £f)l 

Jff*. 801 

tf  And  ItfudMota.  wxoopt  IU||.....377-27D 

JWI^.  nf  tub 2S3 

LTir.ir.l  bonlBS 2fa 

an 

pnnvrvod....  'JBi 


Esport^  rmriicn.  nf  »(I1(  monafbctun*. 

of  furnkitn 284-3SS 

or  latino  aiid  ut  bcr  fctlQilcm SW 

nf  liiili-H  luitl  akaui 2S2 

&c,XBt au 

of  liofpi 274 

of  bomea 274 

of  lanl m 

af  luotbOT.... 202-M4 

and  U«  muiatiMliuva,  by 

iUhM-(cU UM 

•uil  itM  iiiiuiuflwturofli,  by 

vountiHi^ 2S3 

Nnt,  of  iMUlinr.  J«3 801 

of  ciiiilion<a Sol 

of  mnaU,  piraorrvd 377 

of  milk,  condHQiMHl 277 

of  uoroccoiiDtlolbf^r  Aoc  tuotbcr.'JlK^-SiKI 

of  mitlra 274 

of  mnttoA 277 

of  liird-<>n , 297 

of  uiat'ft  r<>ot  nU,  &o 207 

of  oLUandAiU 2yT-'.SN} 

of  mywben 28t 

of  aperm-oii ., 2f>7 

of  vhiklf  nriil  llKb  oQ « £97 

Nt^t,  of  uUa  and  fala tol 

of  pork  277 

Ni<  of  ptoTlalcnia 301 

of  ibc«p 274 

of  niuldliiry,  hiuniMS,  JLe .393-393 

of  Bilk,  mw 2£0 

of  loap 2B7 

of  ttplTTDlCoU...,. 2S7 

nf  tJiUuvr  ...». ».... 287 

of  wiix 2M 

of  wuulfii  DtsDnfhctitrna.. Sfl7-SS8 

Kvl.  of  WiH)l.  StC m 

of  wrH>l»,  &c.,bydi!ilrlclaiuidcoiui< 

trtM 397-at8 

Rut^mal  imrudtfui 244 

KxirahmitAloystani 2M 

Bxtrjirt  of  Dab ICT 

of  tiiuaL.  nQit  Uiiitvrte  of 182,370 

Bxtxftction of  blnloiU 173 

of  fluh-olla 173 

of  gclalitiA 175 

of  bIu8  - , 175 

nf  iBlHRlaM 17$ 

of  utli«r  nuuntnaloOa 17& 

of  tTiirIlc-oa« 17a 

uf  wbiklc-oU  (wlUl  uodolaf  .....174-17S 
KyoCOSfilo "•■ ' <1 

MtK»D no 

powtbir 380 

P. 

FftbrUA  f**nt)icT,  rrrparatioo  uf. 170 

Mikuateotuni  «tf 170-171 

TmIUo , ..^ 100 

FftiHt,  XatJifar , Id 

FiK-ttiry, lobitercuuiInB,  Modolof.. IW 

Falcon*  - - U7 

Fnllnw  Dwr 0 

FuUa.  Dead IW 


I 


314 


INDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


PagA. 

Fnlli*,  Spear 135 

fall-tnipa 133 

Faniis,  Filth  (models) 244 

Fnt.Ut-ar Za 

f^ts,  Consumption  of. 2«J-297 

Imports  of 200-207 

umloils 223-227 

FoatIif-r-(ln.>S(iliig 173 

KfathiT-falnlfs,  Prfparation of 170 

Feuthcnit  iirruw-uluitls 220 

Featburing  brushes 247 

quills 247 

Feathers 210-220 

for  artiflcbil  dies 220 

of  binlM,  l'n.*p&r(-cl  ^m 196 

Consumption  of 200 

fol- clothing 210 

Implements  for 220 

ImiMU'ts  of 206 

uHttl  in  other  manufactares 2.H) 

oruamvutuL  Method  of  prepuriu;;. .      172 

fur  oinaments 220 

for  plumes 2'.!0 

PivjKiration  of 170 

for  textile  fii'jrica 220 

Fectof  dtiT 202 

aud  hoofs.  Gelatine  fh>m 1S7 

Adhi'Hive,  Iiniwrtsuf 287 

Feltinjr 170 

HnlrnwHlln 217 

Feltii,  Mannfuc-lun>  of 170-171 

Fem-tH 130 

I'Vrrocyaiiiile  of  imtaiwtum 2'Jfl 


.Wz.v  fur 

Othirruniiiiiil 

M;iuul';u-tuiv  of 

I'ilnT-iicttiiii: 

lih.r,  WIuiMmhu' 

/ilirtliifiis   

T'il.^'is  lor  iii:muf.n'tun'  "t*  phlMli  r:iri>i-t8. 

I'i.l.ll.-liHli 

ri.l«l.;;I.iss.s,  \r 

I'i'^'m-f  linir  Imps 

l-'il.-.|i>li 


I...n^-I.iib'<l 

oi.inu"- 

Sii.»tu-.l  .... 


I'ilhis.  Imiisiirial  cjirtli  for 

i:ni\.l 

Fiiiki.k  Whalr 

I'iiiin-r.  Oii-uoli 

!■  iiiiiiiiMKliivis 


CliMiiiiii:  (aftcs.xoiicsi 

I.<i:i<liiiL:  liiiif.ismir.si 

Kipailiim  (ari('S.>«(nir^) 

i-  )iuiitiiii:  and  ti»)itiii:,  laiiili-iii.i.  Ac.  for. 

I'  intxil  patkiim.  liit'nsiirial  i-aiih  tor 

'Ii.  ('aiiailiaii,  not  liabli-  to  duty 

Cniiiiui-vsiou.  I'uilfd  Slutfs,  ^MetliiHla 

of 

CiiiiiniKsiim  Ht audit 

(.KUMUUIptillll  of 


JTG 
jail 
I'.Hl 

171 

ti7 
IW 

1.;;. 


•*4 

:;<i.s 

U4il 

ij.  i;{ 
i:i 
71 

!Hi 

■i:t 

141 

•JitK 

■J7y 


17tl 
2S0 


Viah,  cnrrd,  Exports  of ai 

Dtuncstic  exports  <tf X-JK 

Domestic  exports,  by  counttita a 

dried  or  smoked.  Exports  of 3t 

Exports,  by  distrlcta M 

Extract  fif ih* 

Foreign  exports  of yt 

ftesh,  Exports  of 3B 

gelatines  (see  24} m 

Imports  of. X»» 

Imports  of  fh:«h Zl 

Net  exports  of M 

lietlmportaof n 

pickled,  Exports  of » 

Fish-bones M 

Fish-cars  for  aquatic  animals M 

Fish-uarta  (used  in  Kantacket) IC 

Fiahermen's  club Tl 

flasks Iff 

sheath-knlTes 'A 

F'sher  or  peknn  (Muatcla  Peonauti) \4 

Fiahea 3 

Chemical  products  fktnn StO-Sil 

Coloring  fhun £» 

Culture  of 2ta4t: 

Hunting ir 

Imitations  of 14»-U*i 

Ivury  of IM 

Propagation  of 2t3-NT 

Scalesof. tti 

Fish-farms  (models) :it 

Kish-Kiuuio  worka,  Model  of Itt 

Fi»hing-boatB IC 

I''iHliin;;-houHe8 IC 

l-'iMliiiijf-lanrcs 

I-'ish-jifiiH.  Many -p4iiiit I'd *".' 

I''ish-knivuM "4 

I-'isli-laiuv.-* > 

Kisb-liiM- -.H 

l-'isb-oilti rz^f-Z.' 

JCxIrat'tiou  of !"• 

S«>ai»n  from :i*T 

I''i>*b-i«iiid,H  i.nuHU'ls) M 

I-'i«M'<'<« -■- 

risli-incpiii-aliitua l%->' 

Fish  salt  in;; >'? 

FiMli-maU-lu'ail. —^ 

Fi.'.li-st'alr  work,  I'n-paialion  uf '.'i 

FisliMrnipa >' 

Fi>li-wkiiiii,  1,031  htT  i)r«i».in-dfri»m '^'.'-.'' 

Firth  sliili's l-l 

FiHli-Hnan-,-*  (wire,  ^ui,  hair,  ic-.t ^' 

Fi>tIi..^I>i-arH.  Al)oi'i;;iiutl 

i'l^Ii-spiki' 

Ki.sii.wa\,  nriioki-lt'ii  pateul  ^■«- 

Finh-ways liT-ii- 

Dox -i- 

"(.'ape  Cod'" >1 

liitfh :»1 

rivmh .fl 

Oa\t iil 

Mwiriug-lluut -*■ 

1'o.d 2t: 

Oblique  {Hvove -*• 

Sinjile  groove -^1 


IKDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


315 


■[•■am. 


ttf. 


BuBtor'*  and  flalwrnusi'a..-. 107 

as 

riitnttm'i M 

■DOwcU -  118 

lyinC-kntVM .•••.. 78 

tooU 178 

PXililo  materittU , 308 

from  loTcrtobratM 813 

Arilflclal  188 

fur  bans 102-114 

on  booki 102 

nnil  iitlirr  Imwcln 137 

Ariiat-iii],  for  BilmoD 102-114 

trout 103-lU 

ttiit  ctil[ii<Jd:;a|iparatus 9$ 

Attn 7S 

(«  roroquAtioitnlnuUs.... 344 

luuUii^  imwl-UM* B7 

i IIT 

IlAr|HMMi 117 

Kpc 1" 

MaouDictan  oC  iM 172 

Srllio U7 

vtii-  r.»r  w»U-pa{KrQx)m  nftifloquttlB..  171 

KiL. k. ......  m 

..odilc M 

UupbustovtniM SI 

liat 18 

Sal«miiDi1ar ..» 17 

Tt'.rmpLu SI 

CVHximoB.......^ tr 

Vtonr-apatted  ...... 27 

I'ote -.  2T 

lluneli  ..,...••..• SB 

ICiMtf 28 

L&uooih-bAek 98 

iiiUiorni T7 

^U*?ry 37 

Wlut«r 20 

K«r 07 

1>  ing-fliiJt.  Ik-arded 65 

Ubck-win^od 83 

BalborBy M 

Dried  Biu]  mokod 183 

Ounurd 83 

)s^  iiiui[>la  reoU  for 118 

ta£lil« 85 

hook* « 188 

sS-boru .u 180 

latfOt^U 128-UO 

AlffiKuwdfcr 885 

liir  anlniita 187 


E8«fc* 

Food,  ft}rdmnrjftii>Bt4y1  iialmala.. ...........      187 

lUvmlve  sLoUIuh  for SS3 

hivwlra*  for M8-3B7 

IxiliAtcn,  •brinip.n-nwfliiU.rralift.fbr  dOO-Ml 

pnMiiiriM,  «KC(*iii  n»ii,  Etporf*  of . . .  arr-STs 

pra<liirlH,exi.-c|tl  Siili,  IinjiurU uf *J7&-'J7Q 

JIuiHUllA .....>.  1^0 

TiTiHiniUnti  of ».. .188-170 

Pn«if!rvKtifm  of « lOtklTa 

Stia-auoil  oacd  fur 2^1 

Foodii « «...17»-187 

CatuuHl -      194 

DriwI  and  smoked... Ia3-IM 

Ins  rtvtsb  ctmditiaa 170 

Pioklrd 184 

SnlUfl.  aiimrd,  and  ptcklod 188-187 

Foul-IlUUl  AtATM ^... ...... .•....•..        IM 

Font-«topt 188 

Forrop* ITS 

Forcc^puinjMi,  Air M7 

KorelfRi  animalt,  Imports  of 274 

Fork,  EluliUer 174 

Fork* M 

ForkuUlM  Cotflsh 81 

Formic  luid 2S9 

UdDofaotara  of 175 

yo«u» wo 

Fuiir-bcArdcd  UiKkUof 90 

Four-K{iti)od  Stk-kli^t»au:k... M 

Fuur-apifttt-iilFlutiuder. ..........   .........  27 

Fowls,  forri^,  IniTKirta  of ..................  S74 

Fox,  Alt!(lr(VulpcAlAg«pOB) 188 

Crofffi  (Vulpi!*  a3»p«-i  dociLssDtos) 180 

Gm^  trrut-yao  t tr)(iiiiiJiiu)  ...........  1^ 

Kit  (Viilpe*Ti>)oxl 168 

Krd  tVulpTAfnlrus) : 180 

8ilve>r  (Vulpusttlopesargratatna} 189 

Bqniml 14 

Fox««,Teotliof...... IW 

TnmM 177-178 

Wlw) 173 

Wooden 178 

Ftimcb  btrd-trup ..„ 135 

ii»hwft.v»  ...i S4I 

Frnli-wuler  l>runi <S 

Bcrrinx 80 

FHar Kl 

Frog  enltore,  Uvthmla  of 245 

FXo«t-IUh 20,58 

FntBiti  Rltin ...................  Z2l 

Fncuk  tUatiobu* 280 

"      fwitiflattM 2BB 

*■      forciitiu 990 

"     lerratiut W> 

"      TCBfOTllosaS 200 

Fncl a*tt 

FnlUnic 170 

Fnndotaii  ptkeolt>ntua 5G 

Fnnnel-trap 132 

Fnrof  bearer  (nuitor) IM 

Fnrof  bare 108 

of  ninle '••  108 

of  maHqnuIi .  » .— .  IM 

pBok-eaddle  (UudaoD't  Bay)  .... 


316 


INDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


Tur  or  lul'liit *. „. IM 

Fur-ilrfMHlu^,  rrtMHMMcm of. ...... .....>...■.      172 

Fur^kuui.  Kxpnrts  of SSl-SSS 

Imp*irtd  of.. „...9Bi-984 

Fumltun* leS 

Funiiturv-tAlilo IM 

Fiir-wbM 101, 188.183 

Furfteol 6.101 

AnUrrtlo •.^ 101 

n»irof IM 

Pura,IUrd  . US 

DuiudkUu  cxjHirtA  of.  by  dlktrtela  uul 

caiu)lrlr» 2M 

ItnpurUur 28»-:!M 

Nut  Liu[KirUof,„'.,.„,,...,„...„...      80] 

FusQfl,  Shells  of son 

Fykf  liinl US 

Fvkca  (•ot-ncU  with  leaden) 139 


Gailldiu SO 

Gadtin  murrhnft... 311 

GaflhiKikii HO 

GAlcotfnlo  tipinu 00 

Galrarbliiia» AS 

Gall  of  kulaml* S20 

nf  Mibnali  for  dj^cln^ 22S 

of  rarn 228 

Gallutit* 231 

G«11b.  Xnt 22a 

GuiK'-liuiiii UO 

Caaw  NDd  dsb  iMUkcta 107 

Aab,  &e.,  PreMiTAUon  of. 241 

Uwa Ml 

IK  of  liouka  for  minnov-lHUt Bfl 

•Aab.  Bow  moil tbtsl &4 

DrlfsdttDtl  smuked ISi 

SilTor M 

G>pSali-vuyft , 241 

GarPlku U 

Stiort-zKMod M 

G«i)piToau 00 

Gutt>n>podB,  DyM  from  (Alorcx,  rurpnra, 

&C.1 228 

Ga«trro»t4'Uln , 63 

Gaatorortoiu  noTDboracciuta S3 

Gear.nottom n 

DMfi-Ma WMJ7 

OfflSP,  DowD  of 2:!0 

GvlKtin^  {CoMUDptlon  of) .13, 177. 294 

Importiof 21W 

•uiJ  UlngUw .^.........  220 

Bird 8U 

Bone .*... 187 

fhiu  f-4K-ooDi 187 

Sxtrw-Uouof 17ft 

for  fuotl  t«<w  nndtrl) SOO 

trum  fiMil  and  boufii U7 

Inaeet U7 

frum  ivory  uliavinpi, ,.  181 

fitnn  leather  ahavlug^  A« 300 

Uold«  of ITT 

CaulnM »...,., ICT 

imdolU ..M... .........  174 

Bird 18? 


GeUttnei  from  boora  and  irorf  iharfaip  . .    X) 

of  Qith  (iwc  'M} ,.«..,    KT 

lUmuAl  (aoo  34i „«    W 

fitimahiawii «.».«    0 

&om Uimn'iinifuM ...»».    UT 

G«lk1lnm cArtllaitlDciOia rf........    SI 

"        cunitMiut SI 

•'        Conltwl 91 

OiKnnyidB ..- H 

GeomyH  bantaritiit . ...     U 

"       ca«tADoi>fl „.     n 

"       tnia U 

Oerrlds «-     # 

Gboxt-ttkb .-.—     t 

GlanI  -powdc-r A 

Gigortitui  acloularU W 

"        cannlicnlata . 9 

"        mainiUoiA ,..««»..    M 

"        mlcrejdiyUk " 

"        iaduU 311 

GIQ-Dot ^.    18 

OUl'Uut«nM<«lluGreaiLAkcA JWM 

Gimp  mood* -..(-«    0* 

(rin^lTniimUioui  ctrmtaia- .. ..hm»     0 

Giu;;l]-moitomatid«i ..^m     9 

Girths...  1* 

GlBOB-gilUod  boKM  (Coart«'«) M 

GU«M „ a 

GloU* - W 

Globtf-Nlgbtii ,.     ff 

GloblecpbaUiw .«.     U 

Qlobioepbaliu  lutuuedfiM  ....„.,  ..^.^m*     U 
"  S4^aiutn(>iiL......,.,*M..MM<      tf 

Glofovlpfaonla  c&ptUarU ..,...«.«    Ml 

GliKTU,  r^tathcr  rornuianfketaniaf. ilMH 

•kio.  kid.  dLc,  Import*  c^.. ......    ^ 

Glat ►..    ■• 

EspoHaaiid  Iraporteaf ......Mt    V 

SxtracUoDof .-..^..    • 

Ftvsiu ..fc..    ■ 

iDodo  ftnmvaito.... •..,...««...»-»    ^ 

UimuflKtora  of ' 

Olttu ^    ff* 

Glnr-itloks • 

Ulitttoa - * 

Gljcmine ^ 

I»iporta  of. -    * 

Gi-  -■-•■-■■    Masuf^tiired .— .■     * 

(.  -AXsOlu -.»-     • 

<.W., .  ■   .  -..UuoynosiMma. '- >^     ** 

Goftt,  Horn  of  .........,..**•.,.. 

IratLor 

^otuiUln..... 

Slnnwnof •.... 

Ooat'ii  wool  (for  w\e\  A«.|...,...,.«,.-. D^^ 

l>0};gln'4>)'Q ......MX 

Ooj^tflM^  Snow 

Golden  Tall 

O«ld0ab 

Ooode'aSat'ker. .. 
Oooao  (AUHT  q>.) 

CouiU'd  . 

I^.h 

oU, 

1}uUl. 


.^      t 


tooted  Poacbed- 
»d    

l*tac}H9d 


[mst* 


1U<  ilL 


IT 
17 
IT 
17 
17 

la 

21 
Sff7 

aff 

»7 
Sfl7 

n 

171 
U.U 

ft 
n 
11 
11 

sc 
n 

181 
Bl 
13 

ao 

137 
IM 
HH 
aOB 
208 

D  YtrglnUBUtJ ISO 

W 

MMf «1 

M 

11* 

a 

..^.».*. «8 

II 

IS 

140 

« aw 


Vtli>ir«U..,. 


31 

347 
SOD 

240 
170 
63 


lO^atexk.. 


•ilircjn,  Eiii'n>  uf 


4 

.US-IU 
U 
» 

47 

47 
IM 

3M 


Oouioiuiilotbpr fV^tUzeiv,  Importaof.....  100 

Kuttmpnrtii  of. ......»«. Ml 

Bat  ..  231 

lUnl 231 

fyntu  itrlfsl  niMitiiii<l  btnod. S>3 

Mrnhult-a m 

I'sulllc,  t>ri'paralloaa  lUu«trutliii[ ....  S32 

Prrpaittticnof 170 

Giuutm,  ArtiflcUl , 01 

Kntorml ....<..... tn. 

Giura^ 'VTrist IM 

GoBW SO 

GuirSCenhMlm M 

Bftftppor 48 

OutolllKTU  ................................  4 

(run  raBi<a  .  ................................  t6 

Unn-(v>tt<in ftl 

UttDiwwdcT SI 

OuD-nwIca OS 

Gun*.  Tlumminfi-blrd 90 

Giuta  nnil  jiiiiLala  .  ...............U.........BO,  lU 

G)iDw.ilt>  wimbM 119 

GiirDanl.  Kljinc .• U 

"<rul>"  Silk-wiinn S3 

Gyiniiu|;un]pniA  ilriiliDiiltt 268 

"            lliH-nrii 288 

'*             N'urvrgioiu 108 

**            UmuJa. a88 


Haddock 2S,1SI 

Nonrny 84 

ninnattn  fivrn  blood SS8 

Hannyliim 4T 

"        nr&ra 47 

"  nrrnatum 47 

"  cbryMUptorum m 47 

"  clcjpui* 47 

"         fbniio«aiii 47 

nuR-iUh 70 

IlAlr  uf  Amrricmi  bodcpr  iTmxlileft  Aimift- 

cMxmt 217 

of  AotelopP  (on  tkin) 218 

bnuH'Ipta,  ic..  Imports  «r 2M-SBS 

ntiil  liruUm  fur  arUlU-lJil  fliit«(M«aB- 

JiirI145>    no 

oad  brUUM  for  bnuilir-a 217-210 

afbOa lOS 

oriHMr 217 

BuflUn 108 

Camia'a >** 

CMtXt t» 

Cnoaninptiaaaf 184 

cloth.  Irniwruof 21H-a» 

mir\v*\,  tut  UMUreMM,  Im|ioi-U  of . .  .2M-20S 

oftltxT  (ou«ltiii) SI** 

forfi'lUiig  (wo  undH-at 217 

riit.*mi iw 

GoAttMO "*5 

hog>  ImiwrUof.. 2*1-385 

Hon* ,- l»^l« 

niiman. '•* 

Unman,  Import*  wf - 204,204 

Ilunma,  fiir  onmirtrroa  .*.•- •'• 

humnn.  lUilueof.  Ao -W 


318 


INDEX   OP   OBJECTS. 


Hair,  Importi  of 9t»-»l 

Llnmn 105 

fur  numaftwlUTNt 2I1». '.14 

manuGtctarcd,  Importaor 2IM-a>r> 

Mf».KH< 11>A 

fur  Drnatii<*nla .................*  S17 

Ox  ami  rnir 19S 

riu>o itt'> 

pnncllji.  Iroportdof ...tiM-3U? 

FOHIUll 390 

of  nwMinu m 

Bcftwo aw 

SabKd IM 

Seal  (Phoctt  rltoliu) 103 

oftMinlrrvl    SlT-218 

fitr  fltiLllLue 219 

TttU 30 

TtnTnDnufiujt.nrr(l,  Irapufia  of 201-202 

Vlcugbfl 195 

XCeivel'8 Vn 

for-weaviag „ 317 

migt 217 

nd  wfwi an 

wi»rk m 

nalty  Bus  flsb 24 

lUlryloUod  Molo W 

Hftko. 28;  183 

Blao SO 

Igog-finnvd 80 

8ilv«r 80 

B.|ulrrcl 20 

BtlatnwIuM  Buiuitut. 43 

Balfbralt « 55 

BiiUrouuil  fpaif.,., 77 

»at 27 

Ana,  &tt ..» 186 

aOlrd 186 

BBwIcrd i  in 

nw>k*<-bouau 100 

Hidlmedft  ornintla 270 

"         triaeua...- 270 

"         tnnn 270 

HBUiiliB,MpibDiU  of  drying ItiO 

SlwUsuf «....« 208 

Hitli>i>orp^.'i'*^^  ^'iioil^ J 80 

BaIomsccUio  bncicula ...............  M8 

"           hyilmptinni..... 20 

"          nrm-utikccnm.... 2n 

BolyiiKttlA  Florrssb   ......................  288 

lljnilaU 288 

Kiinuu^rluNul  SbArk 88 

Hauuiinrlu .........,..,*..,.........  183 

Hiiiiis,  Kliidi « 183 

Hnnit-tln^l^v .........••••.....•..•...•  78 

V          '             -    --'n:-                .     „„, 80 

.....•...,..,*.. 71 

1 ..  u 128 

IIitiMltis.  trinkettv  binUrtl-fa«Uii.  &e»,  Uami* 

furluiT>ur ITS 

Hiiuillln;;  APItarattuifbrtcfi 188 

ILttHl-iiirootM 78 

IliiniU,  Clothing  for S8I 

lEui^lue-Dccdlc* ..^. ■».... ..«...•••  181 

Uiink* J80,U1 

Unplotloatlulrporim U 


HapUMlimtliliC »•>    K 

U<ii]oiil<motn«  ^tqhoU'iu...^ „...,...-.     U 

Itiiplumi II 

IlarhorSisil «.,.™.-      I 

Iliuil  umtcrlali »»«bMiMllMtt 

llanl  lUmm,  Pn^pAsuUtAuf ...r.».M.JIUn 

iu«. m 

iiiu-iii»ati'»  ..............»...>•■*•«(»  n 

li(ilnl'« ■«■.     n 

CiUifumia II 

Knrtif- ....— .-.-..^.•^    ■ 

Jltt^kaftK .........—MnM.- 

Nortlteni .r.* 

l»obir 

VmitUf ..-- - — * 

Jte4 

TrowbridE<*» 

Virctnia »...' 

whiu »...* 

nnwM ......— 

HaniMa,I>os .m* 

BArporuhw < 

H«i*n°°-8oAU  of  bladdcT,  stia,  and  vwrf  ■  < 

Harpoon-UocA 

Harpooo,  KiMt  for,  Ao 

^Harpoon-^rrovi 

Harpoon -kolvf^ 

BarpooDA.  £«kimo ^ 

Harjraon-q>«ar« 

HarpoMi-trapa 

Bmt\\  SoaI  |P>^pliltna  gnenlanilioaal      -  -  i 
IIjirHaV  (iniuud  3(|nlmil .  ....•.•««m.....« 

Hamiw-tttui'U'a ...,,.. .^ 

nafttkorafMcaoi 

Ilarvcst-flAb 

Sboii 

Hut  asd  bmnrt  maker*'  bonc\.  Manatertm 

of 

natt-hH«, 'Vnititvnicn'»boat....t«« — 

UAtchUig  arcwwiirina , 3*MI*| 

■ppanUaa....-....--  lii^l 

llHtrfalnE;  Imakpt 5*i 

lUfcliliig  boiM  (ttoaUns) ^1 

H:il  miinufm-tnre *••' 

Hal* 

BavkHbfl]  TartK  Oil  of .„  — 

HawkabiU  Turtle 

HMMl-ax<-«  for  wbaWvim... 

nwulbiRkttivn .." 

"  n<'u<l'kniv«j|" — 

nowl-oU.  t^npimrtlao  oC... ^ 

HitMl-lipiulHM 

]Ip4)£ft4)»2.  AjDMricaa,  QnUt  of 


llciTlUf 


lUjt«y«d-. 
C^satfl 

ytaah-irmMr... 


INDEX  OF  OIUKCT^I. 


MW 


^■r3lMHi?-.-HW'  Irat   r.-.«Mw.>«rw 


HookuwlttiiirllAoUimM 

ItrtiltxI.,.., ,..,..., 

niuliWr .. 

lUml 

Van t.t., 

i'lnm 

Ily n 

(luff 

(Inui|itii|( 

I«'o 

•hiiik,  *o....          .     I. ,.     ., 
J  JIIIIW 

Mp 

Mittiy  ^iMiiImI 

Mi<nl 

tirr  liilinxrW  triilt,  (iNllg*  iif 

numuUvl  im  U'lutMn 

with  uwvniiUi  tlimm,,ft,,, 

Vii-kiUi 

J'lulii 

iUliMi..,. 

kistK*^n'  . . .  ,„,,. 

mustp- p»Aiil^      

Hj/r>ftK .,,-. , 

tUr'^n^i '  . 

»;if,  «(*fWvMrf 7  t'ttt*m 

%')t*UllM«  «  ..<^<.       .    .... 

KM^ft^ti* >    .      ,.,.. 

iUv^^n  . .     . .., 

*■«•»?.  .... 

^f  m^UtiV  .,^.w 

A<  i.wt    , , . . 

tM  iiiai*;''!*!  .    . . 

%^  ntmntMfn  «h^^ 

,^t^i.^.r..»   -f  •.ttftlnamtt 

•'   — 
./■  .•.*^, 
.l#.^i*    ■   i-  -II*     .    . 

I^r^*'^       -n  ■     ' 

,     v-*.     — »     -  ■^*'.-  ' 

•Mir*    r.-— '•*•*  . 


t»^t 


.        »»*» 

"I 

B» 
>l> 

tun 
M 
pti 

(III 

HI 

m.tni 
m  «ti 

IM 

wi 

111 

.      t« 

Wt  U>tt 

HV 
ft 

♦/ 

//» 
-A* 

>m 


320 


INDEX    OF    OBJECTS. 


SomAS.  .tiair  uorticloof  ccntumerca —  '217 

njiJIft ,„.,..,- „_.......  305 

Sn>lp-lrii;bBi --.....  >^.<<. ^.^^  317 

aklu,  LcMitbyr  pi^narpJ  fmtQ MB 

EiuaiQiiig-Mrd  ipiDa...^ ^., ......__*_*  iW 

Hciinitbftrk  AVLnlP 12 

HoDtw*.  Cnri-rp  f*pif U\ 

HuiitilfW'  dlrkkulvea....... 72 

|]a*]ti». ...,,..-,., ..„_..-..  l(i? 

houses .,,,.-^... ,.,.„.,„.,.  162 

kDlvfa.,..-. ^ 71-72 

KlieatL-kjiiTeB,. 71 

]!ruutliig.RiiiiuiOa  ...,.,.,...... YM 

Jianthiiii.-axiiywa  ^...... . -.-...-.. —  Bd-W 

HuBitlnf-biVt*,  Ac*(aa?QriM  to -,«.  137 

Ilnulilnji-btMitfl * ^ . .  142 

HiutUUL^-comjui 102 

ItugHpg-flubA,...--....^ .„....,-,..,.  71 

H.iuitlQi;-fl(iig;m,  A»ocHiari n  to I3S 

Himtdiiji-lifth^*  ., , ***.*  187 

HnnHag-Mg™..-... 14! 

HniilIiijii-QiamnLHlA.' ..................  130 

Hunttau-Pfcitfe.,,, ,-  147 

IIimrlBg-aiiitJi  _ ,^ ....... .  IM 

Hurlwl  Bjii^ar* *_. SS 

alLcka 81 

•w^ifihti  : ,^^.~^, ...<><...»...,  St 

Hydncgj-ra  raiU«l^  .,....,.»..,«.*»*'■.-.-'■'  BS 

|l^r4Mt>  cbloraJ 177 

Hfffdrocinlhrus  eiBD«Uatiu, . -. ..„.,...  270 

H>tlr4)la;run CdJiid  ..................<.«....  €JJ 

II>  pdou  Trrgiiiu — ^.,.,,.,, ...„..,.. ,  &0 

IIyiM]0tit]da! [!@ 

Hj-[ii'j>Mittia .«...«... 70 

ily^'  rttrDaojKii  orgcnt'Oaft 93 

Hj'perotrL-li  ...,...,.,...,*..■......,.,, p., -„  70 

Il^'poni  cumuta ^..^^.>...^.>..4....« 307 

"       iDuiAcil'ornil»  ,...,....^ ,,^,,-  "47 

H5"pniiitiLT.i  nrgenli'a  ,h.,.,..,^,,„,-,.  „...,  » 

H_¥p*nru*  CjiryS t7 

Ily  mi^cLim  of  Ihv  damAn  (Qjrax  capcusEn)  . ...  '£^ 

HystT^dtUe ,.-.-  IS 

I. 

loc-lraxeA. ,.„.,.„.,,. ....  lOfl 

Tce^hEwlB,.. ......* „.-  77 

l»?e-(iho[j|jera Tl 

Ic«-cutrJD.gi!ppaititiu  ...^..,^.,..,. «...  l&i 

Ii-C'fanndlitig  apparAt'LLH.. ............... ......  166 

Ice-liuokn  .,,..,.. ICIl 

lev-IiouAeB-........^.. .........',...-..  iCS 

Irt^tnulc  Inm-ABory)  ...«^... ............. — .  IQi 

IcIiHurlunts  ftircntuB....... ^ 

ImitiiiUini  penrU-.,.... ,...,. „.^....  2M 

XiuilutiupAcrjinimnld  Hid  birds. ...... i;!9,14(l 

cprUftla-a. .14l>,Hl 

IiQpltiuci>t4i  UatLxMl. . ».....<........  ^J 

cniplnj«l  bj  currlfn  .^4.......  171 

T'l-atbrTfi  for ^Q 

lliuiil 71 

vf  iiumu£[iL-tut« 89 

for  (Hibeutv  of  ol^iock.  .,.^.....<.  79 

SbfiisnKc*!  tut aw, 207 

Xmpariv^  ag^rv^j^t^,  Ni-t,  Tnr  1^5-]ST7 'J0\ 

ottdhwatai  vad  IttctniiDis 2VI^ 


IiapiKtB  of  mnbereru).... 

of  immnntd  -....>. 

(li  H.uitliiirii.'W,  jimerroi 

of  llvlng^ammol* .....—.iJ 

Kot,  uf  living:  iunliiuU  ».»«*..4J 

of  Imam  nudlmDi — <"^ 

of  Man  kef  ....,.<  ....<<^ .  ....#1^^ 

lit  Imh'I '->H^ 

of  luT'DtriiX... .^...«^t«-^ 

of  ruttl<!-flali  bono ...«J| 

efljoui*,  &-»...., -^.wij 

nf  brl»tk«»  by  ootmtrlM  ..^..-^i^ 
of  butler „ J 

tif  fubAilibn  dah .J 

of  CAUthitrlil^ -....,.,., J 

of  rarliuu,  iuilnL>l..i^.....^...«4«| 

I  tif  i-^TfiK'Ui 4 

of  cji9U>ri*iim  or  cmator..jt..*.J| 

ordu-<-m< 

<if  HnUimuiil  caj 

of  wi:UtoaiiJ  ,..., 7l 

b^  pountrlca  oikL  i 

TrkU...... 

of  fj:trrTi::u  uniiiuiln  ^..^j....*...,^ 

^rvlgn,  of  itri'iHrldj^  aninulB.  J 

(if  UlllltlJlln  tiul  »p«viflij 

iff  Innl* ti 

ofcflttLo .....*^«J 

of  djrefiflhgpwli  .........^.......^ 

«»ffgS» "-* -* 

of  t'g^cuiwlnised.^.....-. 

urr>;^B<  ^ulk  uf.. 

affiiU , 

of  ftiutdoni'  ..:....«................ 

of  r  It,iiabc*ir*  -.,„.. 

offleli..., ...„...,.,.. 

ofitUotbtT^h.. 

ir**t,  of  (tab .,.,.,,,...  ^...* 

tif  I'^xkI  piwlnctJk  irxiCBpt  flab,... 

l-'i>rcign,  of  fawU  .-■ ,,.,,,, .^ 

K>i't«  or  fan 

of  fuT-akiiu..^ , .. 

tit ^itiatijw.. 

cf  ^luvr*  trf  kill  aklii,  or  tMltrtS. 

ofclnfl  — , ,,.....„„,, 

ofglyft-tijio  .^, ......... ..,....._ 

at  li^AiK 

Kot,  of  ^UBtta ._..  * ... 

o  r  pmno  Awd  othrr  ffrtiUBf** . ... 

of  hall-cloth........ , 

of  b^rsf  lu^ir ,..,....,... 

of  bolr^  lUliDOQiiEact^irriil  . .. 

l''uiT'.l££Q4  of  boca.-.., 

Uf  )lttT»l.>S  ....1.......... 

of  ivftt7  , 

F«r('ij5ii,  oflcccbri* 

eiiEtp 

of  batr , 

"Svt,  uf  Iiftlr,  Jke .- 

of  kotr^  c'EirlotL  for : 
o  r  liatr-p«'»t'ilM . . . .  ^ 
nl'liiilr.  liuiuoa  .... 


IXDEX   OF  OBJECTS. 


321 


Mrti  of  hides  and  skiiu 201 

oflulrbniodets,  Ac 2&4-295 

Set,  of  hides,  skins,  See 301 

ofbog-hsir 2M-295 

ofbooey 270 

ofboni,  &o 290 

ofho^ciy,  Ae.. 286 

oflse,  &a 208 

ofUo^ye 206 

oflsrt 278 

oTlMtther 290 

yet,  of  leather,  ^ 301 

of  msokenl  pickled 278-279 

of  msanfkctnred  leather.  &o 292 

efextractof  meat 270 

of  pn^pared  meats,  game,  Sec 270 

of  milk,  condensed  or  preserved . . .      270 

of  milk,  plain 270 

of  cod-liver  oil 290-297 

of  tfeat's-foot  oil,  &c 290-297 

of  whale  or  fish  ofl 296-297 

of  oils 290-207 

Xet,  of  oils 8U1 

of  flsh-oils,  by  countries  and  dis- 
tricts  297-298 

of  phosphorus 200 

of  pork 276 

of  poultr>- 276 

Xi't,  of  provisiODSiwtspocffliHl....      3ul 

ofrenoi'ts 290 

of  sardines,  preserved   270 

of  iwusa|$e-skios 276 

ofseal-oU 200-207 

of  sliawls 280 

'  of  silk  hosier}' 2S0 

of  KJlk  drrsH-coods 280 

of  ftthcr  silk  UMDubcturrs 280 

of  silk  manufactures  by  countries. .      280 

of  Milk,  raw 288-:;k0 

Xi-t,  of  ruw  Hilk 301 

of  Huap.  ronimoh 297 

of  soap,  fuucy 207 

ofsoaiM 206-207 

of  DpcmiBCctl  and  wax 297 

of  K|M>UK<'S > 200 

of  »u(iar  of  milk 200 

of  tnlluw 290-207 

of  ton^iieK,  saltefl 270 

of  triiiu 270 

uf  vi-uf  son 270 

of  wax 299 

(»f  waxnuiuufiicturesnotspL'cillid. .      209 

ofaeulidij-wax 209 

Net,  of  wool 301 

of  wuolrn  manufactures  nut  else- 

whi^rvspecldcd 286 

of  wooli-u  rags,  shoddy,  ^u 2H0 

of  wool  pelts 200 

of  wools,  &C 28r>-2«6 

of  woohi  unmanui^turod 280 

Misof  beaver 108 

illUo  ink,  pencils,  &c 177 


Hm  mH»  used  in .... 

bU.  K  M.  Ko.  14- 


144  i 

202  I 


Page. 

InilaUblo  baf^ 176 

Infusorial  deiwBits,  Specimens  of 2ti7 

earth  for  absorbents 208 

earth 2Jl 

earth  for  dynamite 206 

earth  for  flrc-proof  packing 208 

earth  for  filters 208 

earth  for  soluble  glass 208 

earth  for  mollis  for  metal  casting.      208 

earth  fur  making  mortar 208 

earths 207-208 

earthn  cniployo«l  in  manufactnm.      208 
earths    for   window   and     plate 

glasD 208 

IpJ  oct  ing-BVi-ingPS 176 

il^urioos  bivalves 258-250 

sea-Rnnils 253 

Ink,  imU'liblu,  iient-ilH,  &c 177 

Inks  from  animal  subatanccB,  Manufacture 

of 175 

Io<line,  Alga>  useil  In  manufaeturc  of. 2G3 

Inorganic  materials 271 

Insect  gelatine 187 

Inscctivortt 13 

Insect  productions 222 

IH)wdfr 178 

Insects 184,208 

Cages  for 243-244 

Coloring  fh>m 228-329 

IlivcH  for 244 

('hcmiral  products  fhim 229-231 

.  I'ropngat  inn  of 24S 

Protection  tnna 165 

Instruments  for  chining,  loading,  4cc 93 

lIo..ked 80 

()l.tical,4:c lOO-lC? 

rrmltliD.q 78-70 

R<.'<M(ping 79 

Inti-rnal  pumsitcs 344 

Iiit('Htin;il  ^%~l>^^H  244 

lutuatiu^s  »f  grayling 231 

of  mummuls,   Leather    preimn'd 

f nua 214-215 

Invertebrates,  incsJblc  materials  from 222 

Other  matcriala  from 208 

Invest  ifjation 233 

Iriilie  laminarioidcB 208 

Irons,  I'liijjpiinf.',  to ICO 

(irjppliug 81 

Lily 83 

IsiogLitM lK7,2^M-222 

from    air-bladders,    i:c.    <ichtli>o- 

rollaf 221 

and  glial ino 2lM 

I'ouMiinpl  iiiu  of 200 

Extnu'tioit  of 175 

fi-um  Komidft  of  cimI  ami  hiiko 'J'M-Si'i 

I'mm  Kt|ur.tea;ine  (Sciu'iiiiliie) 222 

Tnogomphmiou  mw.'ulipiuuis 68 

iMmiKUidyli M 

litiinipNis  1  >elkiiyi 67 

Italiuu  llshin^-boats 147 

Ivory 107-190 

lvl)^y-car^'iDg 173 

Ivory -cult  inii 173 


-21 


INDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


323 


Page.    I 

ataigneU 128-120 

tcm 103 

Ibr  camp  and  ship 167 

forflro  hunting  Bjut  fishing 141 

to  strn  hunting 141 

for  woeqnashing  or  flro-flshing 141 

il  oil  f  jji^jirt  J  iiliil  uiiiJurts 270-277,  297 

rgMBOOth  rUack  B9«s  48 

tilt* 86 

M« 86 

iOUb 44 

nnncift  oervicomis 266 

"       gemmlfem '. 266 

impUcata 266 

obtuaa 260 

"       puUcnlata 266 

"       papOloea 260 

"       pinnatiflda 266 

"       Tirgata 266 

n,GBme 241 

ideii 116,103 

nooks  mounted  on 116 

di.  Armed 80 

d%Cup 80 

aing-knlvcs. 174 

oisgond  mincii^ 174 

tilCT 195 

Alligator 213-216 

Asi 209 

AuIl 215 

Beaver 214 

Beluga 214 

BiAon 209 

BufflOo 200 

Caribou 210 

C<m8unipt[ou  of 200 

Currying  of 171 

Deer 20^-210 

drcwinf; 172 

dxvssing  apparatus,  recent  and  abo- 
riginal        172 

Eel 216 

Elder 215 

Elk 210 

Exports  of 292-204,301 

Goat 200 

Horse 200 

Imports  of 290, 301 

Jacket 43  j 

awl  its  manufactures,  dec.  (exports  ' 

and  lm|K)rtii) 292-294  I 

Mountaiu-Hhecp 210  : 

Moose...' 210  I 

Ok 209 

fnira  phuryiix:  of  wal  njnX  walrus  . .      213  j 

PoTpoiM 214  ! 

prepared  from  bird-skins 213  1 

prepared  f^m  flsh-skins 210-217  j 

prepare<t  from  liuman  skin 208 

prepared  (torn  iotcfltlncs   of   mam- 
mals    214.213  j 

pTcpaml  from  mammnl  skins 2<)ft-214  '■ 

prepared  fmu  reptile  skins 215-217  ' 

VRparad  from  scale- flata 2)0  < 

Sit 214  , 


Page. 

Leather,  Battlesnake 21C 

Reindeer 210 

Seal 208 

Sea-Lion 208 

Shark 217 

shavings,  &.C.,  Gelatine  made  ftx>m .  220 

Sheep 209 

Other  snake 210 

trimmings 214 

"Walnia 208 

Waste 217 

Leatherback  Turtle 22 

Leathers 208 

fur  CTLUiiiftirtu™  of  glove* 211-214 

LtdtbesLatuberifi:»mii§      270 

Leech,  ^\ fririiii  (llinnln  trm-liiun.). 231 

American  |^fnrnilK|i-H;i  ilcr^ini] 231 

Eampean  (Hirudo  medicinoUs) 231 

Leeches  Art  bnrmnoters      231 

r<  •n-Icn  J  m  port «  of 274 

]'ri>pEi;:EHir>ai>f    248 

and  worms,  Injurions  and  useful ...  262 

Leggings 165 

Lenses 178 

Leopanl-bunting 130 

Leopard  Seal 6 

LepidoBteidie 64 

Lopidostcas  osseus 64 

"          ptatystomus 64 

Lcpiopomufl  palliduB 48 

Lciwridos 18 

Leptecheneis  nnncroteoidos 52 

?.*'|>l4M  iirili.iiit        70 

LcpuB  amerioanus  (var.  amoricanas) 18 

"     americanns  (var.  Bairdii) 10 

"     amerieanus  (var.  vlrgintanus) 18 

"     amerieanufl(var. 'Washlngtonil) 19 

"      nquaticUB 20 

"      Bachmanl 10 

"     califomicuB 10 

"     callotis  19 

"     campeatris 19 

"     palustiis 20 

"      sylvaticus 19 

"     sylvatlcua  (var.  Audabonii) 10 

"      sylvaticus  (var.  XutUlUl) 20 

"     timidns  (var.  arcticus) 18 

'*     Trowbridgil 20 

Li'uriaciiM  ]HiKhi'1!iiH    C2 

Lcupurlsamnbiinlifirt'iiU'i 10 

Levi'lH  mitin-bi'd  (i>  (^iinN) 93 

Liagora  piuunta 26H 

"        pnlvrrult-nta 26S 

"        vnlitla 268 

Lire,  Fish 264 

Li«;luns 264 

LifterH,  Bnml 161 

LiylitH,  Artilicial 167 

Lilj'-iruuH **3 

Lime 230 

Bin! 135 

Biinilngof 176 

Lbnes 176,231,232 

Liming 172 

Limph,  Vaccine , 230 


,       »7 


itv 


I  l,1llj^M.].-M   --... ..... 

MtN',  fcvak,Htralebenfur *  Wi 

I.itatw  llH'-*  ..,..-.....,... ...,,.,  U5 

Xlii<ft.Jlwrk -. -,-,.., IW 

ll<1rtUini-M>t.... ....«.....,.--  S7 

Crtttwo   a..,, -..,.,-,■«, 116 

Itnallne-trtnrl. 1ft 

ILiipi't-U   - U7 

rode - IW 

Xvlp - 110 

Un«'D \\y 

l-wt*»r.l BO 

(l-LilUall lU-11* 

Mai ..— W 

AUk .....* lU 

Surfafft — .A...i.»fta.*.«...ur*.. P7 

TniMl    ..> p.... ff 

fTwUii-ib ,. U4-U« 

Twin) Ins  ojipttniltu  for  .*» , .  lit 

Wfflllr-I*  f«r.  im\\  *AXiiet  twUe. .. ».  • .  - .  1«T 

W tuUnliuiiii'*  ^ , ..  ..^..... .........  lift 

l.l»5         .....„.,..^.„ 90 

LlDU,  tH-U  .,,,,,....^-..^. ',...<.». *.•.»..»«  itt 

l^tuHtniitiKl  obbrpnu.. >...»..,■..■. *>.■..»...  49 

umliunu ....,..,.., iS 

r  I,lparl4hl*i>    ..,,,.- , S3 

l.lpffliMlltir«lA     ...T.. ...,,., ,..,», M 

^                   MOMUgut..».«.„k<.k,.... .........  10 

"      sihpwl  .,..,.^*„..<.... M 

lIplj'iuU « 

XltLnfmi5timr .,,.,. .»*. Rt 

IJihitlliim^nUm  imlyrnoquhiiTti  ..............  ^CT 

l.tMli'  Shilvil  Skunk 4 

UtUt'TuJJHV ..,-„„..„„. « 

I,l\t<  Imi\  (AfVim'dJl — ..- 247 

1.1v'«<1hjkci»,  truUKliA,  Ac.  for  Diii^Toti?o|ilHti' 

Tiw. ta 

UvluennlWiJa,  Kit  porta  of ,.*_^^_.g74N-27.'i,aflI 

iui|hiri4ut Z?3,a<Cil 

rlr-coy  nnjiiiiilff  nwl  liinla.^....^. ......  \^ 

I,l7!lltHl«,  T>Hl'll  ..._...., - 1«3 

LUmia  liulr 19j 

l.iwuW  Uni'd.. .„, .._.,„_* 1*0 

l^tiwkrn    ., ...„,.....  D2-03 

\a)»AUv*  lln^-ftTnn B3 

Lt)bn|t-w  •KiiiJUuUPnjBii  ~-^... — ......  Dl 

LobvU«tiE>  ,        ...._,.„... 51 

]vuhiiLi<nii,  rnibDi,  nbrliopt  'to 3SO-201 

JUolMTtrrpnU    -, ,.. IJK 


ruipbo|«cttaBaaMiIftb.»..» «...    ff 

UrtJt  macmlou. ..» ....r^H.*    V 

|jUUM|E;f« .,.....,....,•••■•*<*<•■•*.•••    ^ 

Luiuii'flpib ....d..........*M.....>M>     1i 

LukU'iinj; ,...^. f....-    H 

Lnljilnnj)  BliiLkf^^nlll -»     4 

}itrflJniAll.-.....,..,.,..,.iMM-n>  4 

Ltilta  caiuHli'BttJs ..,.....^. .....»•>•■  ' 

LntHnu''.. »»»... ».•........».«»..» 

L>iL'u4J)ltr' ......■■■....»■.■■&«*»  ) 

Lj'b(:l«ya  frmi;ilii*«. .....................  H 

*"  KUUiltl^lHUA •«.....«.     2 

"'        ]iuiJitiM:uI>i  .,.,*.» kkMM*    S 

J*ynx,  liny  it.<i-ii.T  rnrunli. ...»*... »•■■<«»«    V 


i 


IvOJ- 


1A3 


irntillns    ,.,„, Ul 

I-o;:5rrln'inl  Turtle 22 

tiiitU'oil ir28 

l-oiin'iitari.i  IJalU-ynna 267 

roHcn 2C7 

I.ou',;-rtiiut'<I  Ilonito 40 

Ilako 30 

Luu;;  noHCtI  Skato 67 

Sfurp-on 65 

Lons-tail.il  FiIcHnh  25 

Lu<m  (CulyuilxiH  toniiuitufl) 105 

Loplihtlio 23 

Lo]>liiuH  pincatorius 23 

LophobrauoUU 25 


UMcntUne-rst* I 

3U»« t 

'Siljicki-rt*)... .......................kMfe 

irrti  bi?(* ,...,...4......  1 

Uura>:> f 

ptr.kUN|I.ImTH)t1»nf  ...,..„ iSM 

pur«F-««'liLr'a  .,•......••••.......■•    X 

SaUnl -, ™«     S 

HlitirV....t.,„^,,,.,.,.,4.,jM».»*— 

lAkl^ .,-^,. -, — 

3LirVt'r«'trimijjfr9,.,,.......,,.,.,,,. ...... 

^Lu'i^iiuiw  bLiTik(>t«  ■> ^- ._........      3 

Mjirnxi-li^lji'flliK-erilua... 4 — * 

Wj:i*Tnrliii3U!i  nugnflllrtwtrU, ,.^ ^ 

MupniriikL'  ....... ^ , ...-..,. 

U&rmri4  tl^inUl.......... 

mpPBtrift.,... ..-, — . 

'  MnflTa,Sltilbiuf ..—    1 

SIa(!i,''tni-i'pl .♦♦,^,,  *..-*... 

I    Mjiit-i'iHiriMi ,,„ .     Jl 

3ilaUo<ii'lrriini>-»{Mil]ajalri« ..•. 

lliUlnttM  TllbiBua  ... ..,r.»,*^^4,.. 

lliiltc«»Cal.,....,.. H 

lltiiUtir  <>i]Ulfrti»ii 

"-  Tt.-n[H.'ltLliD ..«..»........' 

Malthcidu?. ........^ ^ 

MnmmAlftm -........^,..^. J#4 

gr]«ttli«>* •     ^ 

ftUB..... a* 

nit«.  K^tmrHonof  fiWn^  . . . .    -  ■-     *■' 

I  P4>rfumc8 2'-* 

pTPparatloM 1***-'* 

wikinw,  ].rf-iii:bi'r  ]HTfMtT«]|roin S&" 

Mammftlif,  Bone  of M>* 

Coloring  from ** 

Hnntlng '. " 

Ivory  of Iff-* 

PrnfwrMl  tmm  hair  nf ^ 

lii*-iiili  i4l|>riMluet»*l*rrJ»oitfn«ii  S" 
I'jTutaiinibJCi  of ....... ......  ■•--     ^ 

QoObor - -  2 

MmulM .,,,..... ,»*..«i4*.>-<' 


INDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


325 


Page. 

223 

itCeMiBN 12C 

atcr 67 

Tvre  Snapper 48 

a  (Tinurix  mannUcni) 230 

Anbbm 200 

Cedar  (PiBiuccdras) 230 

•potnted  fisbjig H'2 

books 81-82 

bctare  of  olbamen  prpparatioiu 173 

of  oammonU 17.'> 

of  bUUard-tablo  cushions 173 

of  earbaxotatos 173 

of  drrM     and    stay    makers' 

bone 173 

of  Eibrfcs 170-171 

of  felts 170-171 

of  floats,^ 172 

fcrtilizcrt 176 

of  formic  acid 175 

of  handles,  trinkota,  btllianl- 

balb,&c 173 

of  liai    and    bonnet  makers'  172 

bone 173 

of  hair ?»4 

of  ink  fhnn  anitnal  Hubstanccs  175 

of  ivory -black 175 

of  mnrexidea 175 

of  organ  ond  piano  keys 173 

of  pepsin 175 

of  iK>rfumes 175 

of  phospboras 175 

of  propybu&iiio 175 

of  pnisaiatcs 175 

of  (jaill  articles 172 

<tf  quill  brush'bristles 172 

of  quills  for  pens ]  72 

of  ribbon-wcavem'  Iwno 173 

of  rosettes,  woven  work,  trin- 
kets, to 173 

of  sal  ammoniac 175 

of  stock-makers'  bono 173 

of  stoffinprs 170-171 

of  surgical  instrumonta 173 

of  Huspendermakcnt'  iHme ...  173 

Textile 170-171 

of  toothpicks 172 

of  ambreUa-uuikcrs*  bone 173 

of  wlialebonc  brushes 173 

of  wool 280-i:6S 

of  wbip-niakers'    stock    and 

wlilps 173 

actnrcd  leather,  Exports  of 203 

Klycerincs 225 

steorfnes 225 

««,Exportaof 301 

!  pearl-shells 2.'J8 

itlArrtomyacalisatus) 193 

Northwestern 10 

Porry's 15 

(SpcrmopbUus  I'arryi) 103 

TeOow-footcd 10 

Babbit 20 

poteoBcUatc* 70 

t 141 


Page. 

Masks  for  antelope  heads 141 

for  deer  heads 141 

Massachusetts  flakes 168 

Mast-gear 153 

Materials 177 

Boat  -builders* 154 

Coloring 228-220 

employed  in  arts  and  manufac- 
tures  197-233 

Inorganic 271 

not  mentioned 232 

Mattawocca CO 

Maznroa  muntana 7 

May-fish 50 

Means  of  pursuit  and  capture 71 

Measures 92 

Ammnnition 02 

Powder 92 

Shot 92 

Meat-biscuit 183 

Meat,  buffalo,  Jerked  and  smoked 182 

Desiccated 182 

Extract  (extractom  carnis) 182 

Jerked  seat  and  walrus 182 

porpoise,  Jcrkcil 182 

^feat-hooks 1C8 

Meats,  Cannwl : 103-164,185 

Canning 1C9-170 

prvparetl,  game,  &c.,Importsof 270 

Preservation  of 108-170 

Preserved,  &c 163,277 

Mechanical  delineators 174 

Medical  oatat 107 

Me<1icinc-ch<rsts 107 

&c.,  Consumption  of. 290 

Medregal 42 

MeduKn 202 

MegatopH  thrlssoldea RO 

Meg:ipt4!ra  osphyia 12 

"          vcrsabilis 13 

Megapterinm 12 

McLmogrammns  a>gleflnus. 20 

MelubcHia  fhrinosa 267 

imstulsta '267 

Menhaden 59-13? 

Canned 1 M 

guano 232 

tJulf no 

oil 227 

purse-seines 129-130 

seines 126 

Spice<l 1W( 

McnttcImiH  iilbuiiiiiH 43 

nubulosus 45 

Mephitis  mepltitlca 4 

"        Mexicans 4 

Merreuaria,  Shells  of 206 

violacea.SbtUsof 200 

MerlmlidiP 'M 

Merlueiiis  bilioearis 30 

Mcuhlug  nets 122-120 

Mesli-iteedlcB 131 

ilrsoidwion  S4iwerbiensl8 - 12 

Metallic  irthels 177 

Metal  iK>iutH,  Clubs  annetl  with 71 


INDEX    OF   OBJECTS, 


Mulbodft  uf  culture  of   (Irniipntlratptl  Bni- 

mu\m,  iLC..., , ,.,,,.  2U 

of  »l[T»»llig  ijut  aaulFifnf'w.,^ ,,,..  ITt 

(if  riiitn1:riUti3«  Fifth  Ciiiaialiidou  ISS3 

offfw;^  <:tiltDre -..—  ..  2'45 

**f  ilrvijis  JmllHtis -  *.  - lOS 

itl*  Jiii'liiitjiJkifi  unci  ensniving  - .--  178 

ofniiiHiUfsirtTiriiisiiilJflcliiil  Ice  »..  I^ 

wf  Uil  uk  i-tiUurr .  tM 

of  wynlWir  onllnni. , .-- -  Sifl 

ofoitrlcli  (.iiiltiiTO .-  —  *-..*  244 

at  ]in<rnir{ne  liaiti  (ACV«a«ffric«>  .,  IM 

of  jPTtpmin ij  rdrtriilgp*  .--..,.„.  BM3 

cif  jm'jwirlii  g  {prnnnif latMl  ftutlium  ITJ 
iif  ]iiirimlit  nod  ]ippli4nc>ea.....^.J4w-l(T7 

uf  it'rmpln  fiiltaTe....... sin 

of  tnu]i4]wrtutlnli „I......  112-103 

of  work -...^ sas 

iU'T  Apffrc'jjrttiiB — .........  3T 

GmiiDil:Sriuitivl «  15 

Skunk „..-..  I 

Vlvfalgab  Brayllug EA 

lUvroeladiii  toivAlii — SOB 

f^aUforalc*  .....,.„,.... MS 

I'^altori  — 3tt 

l£Ioru£nUu* piwtfmiLt  .,,.^.......... 19 

'-           inmiM>diiB *........  20 

MkrupH-ioii  muloUtiu ...^...-.**,.,^.  49 

MliTrttt^UtrtMiidllidtik , *  W 

Mlitncp^de« *--..  4* 

Itf  kTurtcnnliljn . ^,..,„.„  SO 

:3dMi;i>.Muuki'it«l 30 

JIUt.r-inriMl 1«, 

ItpBieiaitMl laa 

li:xi*o]lH  iiDil  imports  €rt. irT0,S?7 

Millrii,  Bait^  kiii res, <^lioppera,  i6c .,..,.....-  .l»f,  170 

:Uiiifiiig  and  Inuifiig. m 

itiufioe'liflMO , J7t 

Mlnflug-knlvi^i ......>.. 17* 

MlDf'inji-niucUino,,,^. , ^^^ ^.  I'i 

Miwtnfirilb... ...,,..„.,...„,.„.. ......  174 

Miuk  fPiitorliUTjBan),.. .....* ISW 

rullurt>,  jU«t]iMlB  of 3H 

Missiles  pmifflliMl  by  "'  tliniwiug-stickft"  . ..  88 

iifcwtlen -,, ..,..  87. &S 

MJ*8tk4rfljifl  .....„..,,.. laS 

Alijtaoiiri  Stcipctil  Squirrel ...--  lli 

iuwpj „  lie 

Mlilui*«,  l*rcacmiliTo..*... 176-177 

Mud'OaAlnH  -  - , 103^ 

itoJvMMMHp*.  PLwltr- 178 

ituilfl  of  fiih-ETiuno  wark9  ,..-*.......,.*..  170 

Mf  lobarpr-canidivg  fuetory  --. IfH* 

of  ri.Tiiifr-*;aontng  factory ,,,,,,, ie& 

itf  iim|ia;;atiD|;'huiiHi>,  4^c ,»__,.,.  S45 

of  B^imoD-riiimliig  (!ataLfIistinii<iit  ....  l^ 

«r  wHxituu-factory -.-  io& 

M(»dtiUii>!    , ........._, 177 

ituAt 177 

MudeU  of  kilus  for  Immfng  rIu-IIs 176 

of  8:ilt-mills 100 

Mola  rotiimlu 23 

MuMs 177 

BuUot 92 

of  gelotino 177 


JdvidB fi»ruirUilCLiiitinj*,IiifteMiiiileflnlilbr.  SI 

ofpai-er  ,..., Im 

of  |HimfBne  ^i... .,.•••'. -•»'%...•..„.«.  JJl 

(i'fplufiler.. ..........>... .„..».....  in 

Molo  (Scolgpsand  Cmdjlqjni^  ..-,.,,..  tS 

Farnf, M 

Httlrj^fillwt «...  U 

Oregoii ,..-.. ....».,**..#..-^.,...  H 

SllviiTT „ ^  » 

SwriiOic^tl..,..,... II 

iTftpH ........^ Bt 

MoliaiD  ,..,.. 9 

lloUnnk  pmiKuaUon*  ......................  M 

H<i>l!iiitH?a 

•■*       »Mjiibalft„  — ... 

"         «p(>luilupud* 

MciIlUHk  ]>roiluctiiHMi ...... 

^oDuiikn r>.>«»w. 

1)>U1U 

Ctvliirini*  tWim.....«,M>***->»*-"  ^ 

0|ii.>rtjuiiiuf. ^. .............  9f 

PtPitantl'mii' of  *....'....»•..>■•'  U* 

riu-iiilcal  prMlneti  JhNB SI 

rriKpHgBllHl  of...,, ^ 

Ikluuk  OmIi ' 

itoiw4x>amanacvrot, ..—  V 

Mooo^jri^, «„»  ■  ' 

Mooit-IUh tfl 

Huonj^n,  SOk  uf  nifuniliii  ■■MmrniTrt  M^ 

Mowe „...  r^ 

{Alcovindloblit ■-  ** 

Aud(;^rH  of . .  > J* 

lialr. «  >* 

lc(t(TjCT- _.............,.  .„...— **• 

MoroecD  lud  other  ttbo  ltiAtLi<r«  Jus.,  fixpNtft 

of 

Uiirune  amfFimna.. ..............  ^ 

MortuT,  InfuRtiirkl  i-arlL  for ..—.....  "^ 

irti«l»itnk<.*r — , ...-.*-  • 

Mi>Mrra1l-9  (Stajjp'»( ^^ 

MiilLi.  Ex«tli'ftj]kof >• 

MotftrO  ftnunjiua    -^-. ,. fj 

JUimn^in  t'ul  ( RaHaiUi*  utntAji '* 

Owt... ..„ ^ 

gunttKomof........ ..."  *" 

mrnl......  .......^ ........ --^  '*' 

Bhwp  (OHmnunliuia),.. ......■'  J«^* 

«bi«ii^  ilonEof .,,.„ ......-■  *^ 

aliw-pli-iitber .^..  SJ 

HomitlDBof  (hrb(mc8c...*^........^. **l 

JAtHiBP,  CiiliilnOti.. ...>.....,.....^.-.«  '' 

Wiiitc-foou^...^, ^* 

Mi»tt«*-flflb  .... .  -  — *-  »..,....—.—.*-'  " 

MoTftU*  copKS*  .._.. "J 

EMTHCT „,.._.,......—"  ** 

Mnvins  fto«tB»l|-wniyB,.. „.......,. '* 

i£ad  Cfltfljsh ...'^-  2 

Shad Jl 

Mud-fitth ■ 

MugUalbulft ■ 

"    linoatiu J 

MuglUtlas «„.. — -  ■ 

^olo  Deer  (Cariaea  ■ *«■' .».....•  *'" 


IKDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


327 


Pace. 

I  of 274 

t 130 

183 

S 124 

ISO 

i 183 

1 C3 

63 

185 

ela  for  busflshine 118-110 

56 

nciDDatos 32 

-natiu 32 

228 

DuCMtunof 175 

>f 200 

, 17 

A 17 

le-tank,  AfptMiz  model 170 

MT 228 

uuh 227 

-ox 227 

18 

oa  nioacluitiu) 192 

)  of- 202 

of  (Ovtbos  moschatus) 201 

:  of 227 

55 

17 

17 

<T  xibotbicus)  ^ 104 

196 

kof 227 

■H.&0 206 

(Unionlda!) 206,207 

09 

tMand  imports  of 270-277 

urmA 00 

137 

03 

*   65 

romivoB 05 

tOfDvillfi 05 

:limchiTil 270 

m^^Iaiu 270 

•Ha -. 70 

70 

rmlcpiilotum 61 

rui^intra 26 

N. 

200 

ion  of 174 

203 

?r 32 

out 58 

10 

'  of  (MonodoD  munocoraB)  ...  108 

S 

137-138 

1 231 

■fSonoDt  HhcUs 200 

fcc.,  Ezportu  anil  imports  of.  200-207 

ioa 01 

138 


Page. 

Needles,  Hanging 131 

Mesh 131 

Netting 131 

y^'^mati'Ci'iimuliL^iJiitn...... 267 

K<'iiia[ia;;TuitlLt 02 

N'railcMLjitlic    63 

'N'fiDlirbltayBHcikJIopiLGt.'mi 63 

XeoCumadnrn^ 18 

ttariduijik........... --....... ......  18 

yt^r^ooiTAiLB  Lat^iiiua 260 

N(.'«t  of  Caycouoanl  (Ftirmli'abl^hioaa)...  222 

Nests                              246 

of  4!SClliU'&tRWall07t^ 187 

Net,Gm.                        J 122 

ji!m,SftliQ<3nliwlt '. 124 

hoop.  Baited 129 

Net-makers' knives 75 

Ni-t  oLulLorft                   147 

Nets 122 

Barrier 132 

for  beds ■ 105 

Bird  spring 135 

Cast 130 

cost,  Bait 130 

cast,  Hullct 130 

cost,  Fompano 130 

Clap,  for  birds 130 

Urab 129 

Dip.. 128 

Drift 124-125 

Encircling 120 

Entangling 122 

EHkimoauk 129 

Face 165 

Kolding 129-130 

giUAndiorcd 122-123 

gillHirring 123,125-126 

gill.  Hook 123 

giU,  Macki-rel 125 

gill,  Mullet 124 

gill,  Other 126 

gill,  Shad,  used  in  Southern  rivers 124 

giaSisco 123 

gill^.Tnip 123 

Hondle 128 

Hoop 12»-12» 

Jerk 129-130 

Landing 128-120 

mesh,  Bird 122 

Meshing 122-120 

Parts  of,  for  muniifiu'turo  (accessory)  .130-131 

Pigeon 134 

Pockt't 126 

Pun*.' 129 

lUbbit 122 

Kjiwrniiti-rLilnf 130 

Skimmer 240 

Spring  n>bl)it 130 

s*'t l:» 

Towiug 120 

Tow  Rtirfaco 129 

Trailing 129 

Trammil 126 

Netting-fiber 130 

Netting,  gill,  Samples 125 


S28 


IKDEZ  OF  OBJ3SCT8. 


ITfltdnffliimgtoUBn,  Sn^lMcf IM 

V«ttlnj(4i«dte to. 

Katttnc-tirtiiB IM 

lT«utxl%aroofpa(]ljopotnuueo(yim>...  IM 

fttr IM 

Kcwfaondlaad  flalw . ...,—.— IM 

VewlHHiwtnp*-— ia4-lM 

VewToTkSdoUft-lMwk..... M 

Sippon  .'•-••-■>■••■■■■■■■■>■■■>■>•■>■■■■•'••  M 

Hippew.B|[i..—..... MC 

BlfeopliyDimi  (HfloropomB)  ABJcfBOolt.  ■  •  M7 


jfMWS  ■■■■•■» 

VooM-tnqw ... 

JTOTtMRl 

Han 

Knthmstont  Utniot . 
ypnnty  Haddact 


Kojale-K«e(fiiriruUBK«gBi) ... 
Vndlbnacli  *»*''V"V-,  DJt*  Iknm . 

VviiB  Shark 

Kni-ffrila.... 


Mr 

M7 

M7 

Mr 

M 

M 

IM 

M 

U 

10 
M 

tt 

a 

MT 


n» 


a 

Oow 159 

Oblique  (ETooTo  fish-ways 241 

Obscunui,  Camera 178 

"OcicanTnmt" ]8C 

Oceanic  Ifaiuito 40 

Ocelot  (Fclia  panlalls) ISS 

Octariidip 5 

OcynniH  ctirygiirus 48 

OflontaMiiidliliD 08 

OfloiithalJu  nicutica 208 

Lynllil 200 

OlitnOizzanlSbud .•%..  00 

Oil,  Alli-pitor 220 

Bear 223 

niuck-tiHh 23*-225 

Cod-livtT 220 

Cottou,  onil  its  inouufiU'.taru ICO 

Dog 223 

Dueon;; 233 

fuel  ory  wraps 1K7 

and  fut  fi-oni  dotuestii'  aninmls 223 

U  ooH<i 220 

UnitiipUH 225 

(.f  hiiwkHbilltiirtlu 22s 

Jlcnnii;; 227 

liiiyp-rboad-turUo 228 

Manatw 223 

ilt-iibadin 227 

uf  iK'trd  and  otlu^T  sea  birds 225 

of  iu;;coti  (KctupbttvH  iui;;ratorius) 220 

Porpoise-Jaw 22+-225 

of  nitUesnaku,  &e 220 

Sval 223 


00,  Bm  nhiibMt m 

« — .....  « 

.. , . ...  m 

.... ......... ■ 

, m 

„....  M 

. .„.-.„«.. .«  B 

.  ...•■«.■■■••  .•.•••.•.«i..    M 

m 

TnrOe M 

from 
•WhSbt 

OOt^Blid 

ito.... , 

mk 

bapotteflf 

BeptDa.!!!"!!! 
Ohtm^to  (— Mr  mi 

OUwUb' ■ 

GtocMurgariMa M 

ailcDpUtMoaeldMWUa « 

QUn,  SfaeDa  nT. « 

■ 

_^^ ^_^  Of 

"!",",""!"."..  « 

Qpaiwda,  IflnBwilri  <rf. m.    S 

OpUdttla ■ 

Opuldltt^B  JDSHDBASUtt  ■■■■■«  ■«•■■«  ■■wa««*a4       ™ 

CH>t*thonfiiw  thrlsaa ' 

Opium  potsonB ^ 

Optical  instramrats,  &c -..WW* 

OquasMa  Tront * 

OniDgi' Filt>-Ash ^ 

Orca  fltra *^ 

"    pladltttor..., " 

Orc^nuB  alalonga •■ ' 

allit4>nitu8 ** 

"       arjienti  rittatus ^ 

"      pclumys ** 

"      somndi  dursolls ^ 

Oregon  >'ium'r " 

AIoli- " 

Orgnn  nud  piano  keys,  Maouftctureof I'' 

Onumic'utal  olgic '*' 

]>oarl-work  '^ 

OnuimeDls,  Fciitliern  for ^ 

lluirusod  for •*' 

Ortlmipristls  Ailvomaculatus " 

Osmenis  nionlax ** 

"       povillciiB * 

Osmicacid *" 

OstraciiiliL' •* 

Ostruclum  (inadrirorao 

"         trlqat'tnim 

Ostren  lurida ^ 

"      Tir^rLuica ^^^^ 

Ostrich  culture,  Mfthoda  of "J* 

Other  acwasortea  of  prcMiratka *^ 

appanittu *T 

oxploaivei 

gUl-nuta —    '* 


INDEX  OF   OBJECTS. 


329 


Page. 


1  not  mentioned 

..      232  1 

.127-128  1 
..      216  1 
..          4i 
..      190  1 
..  41,91  1 
..      129 
..      136 

56 
..      227 

82 
..      183 

S2 
..      162 

ither 

inadcnsia) 

Dd 

..      167 

..      245 
7 
7 
7 

-.       137 

»  of  obtaining  and  impn> 

tiu 

Or  of 

219  1 

201 

, 209 

21S  I 

192 

eles 

..       243 

148  1 

Methods  of 

..        32 
75 

129 

..        85 
.253-256 
.253.254 
..      281 
..      254 
..      200 
..      254 

6-i 

mcrican 

iof 

imital 

Aviculidio) 

oast  

P. 
« 

uKPhocftKichanllf) 

["artle          

..      1B2 
22 

PrcparatioDH  iUtutratlng . . 
m  Turtlu 

..      232 

2 
32 

fl 

i'hflio 

13 

r  <Uadson'i)  Boy  Territorj-) 

..       142 

105 

Ri 

.130-160 
..      200 

or  builUlo-hant  iug) 

ilii 

..      142 
44 

enlandicua 

6 
245 

ipoTciformis 

43 

no 

229 

Page. 

Paaa 245 

Shallow 247 

Paper 200 

mado  from  woste 217 

Holds  of 177 

Papier-mack6 177 

for  gun- wadding 222 

Paraffine 177 

SIolilB<if    177 

^nultos,  External 244 

Internal 244 

Paratractus  pisqu'etus 41 

Parchment  labels 177 

from  viscera  of  bean 215 

from  viscera  of  seals 214 

Parcphipptis  quadratas 51 

Faropbrf  B  retuluB 28 

Parrot-flsb 85 

Bine 36 

Tawny 35 

Parry's  marmot  (Speimopliilos  Parryi) 1^ 

I'liE'li^ur.ttiliiui-hjui-'Aki'li.'ton 199 

Pastes 138 

Paw,  John 50 

Pea-roe  of  eod 137 

Pea-sbooters 88 

Pearl 206 

o>Htrra  (A>-i<-ulJitjEl 208 

protJm-iuff  WvalTesi 257 

bUi'II^  Stji  iHiiiiilrifor 201 

sbells.  Marino 256 

White! 205 

work,  r^nmD]<-Dta1 206 

Peccaries,  Teeth  of 107 

Peccary 9 

Teeth  of 198 

Pecton,  Shellsof 206 

I'^L'tiiUiiT'Uti'JS   tii   form   of  East  American 

uynlfrH              255 

r*-ilkii]i4tt                       23 

I'L'i'li-nL^hls                  93 

PrlJ*Jin,  Hrcusti  <Pplefiu3iLi  fuacna) 195 

rilirii>,  S]ioiisi-o.           223 

Pclodichtbys  oUvaris 62 

Pcmmican 162 

PcnicUlus  eapitatus STl 

"        dumotoflus .271 

Pens 243 

Pen-traps 131 

Pt'liriluB  Gnrdenii 44 

Pepsin,  Honufucturo  of 175 

PepslQC 229 

Porea  tluviatUis 49 

PoreeHOCea *•  53 

Perch 37 

Kcd 34 

StriiKsl 37 

"White 61 

YeUow 49 

Perches 137 

IVreidffi 49 

Percussion  noeillo 01 

IKiwder 91 

Perfumery  materials,  Consomptlon  of 208 

Perfumes 17^227 


Page. 

rfuroea,  Harainil ,-,-* ......e*T-3S» 

MnJ^tit^ctaroaf.., ..,,..  ITS 

B^IttUo. lEW 

iTipTwlnn  iDWc!  jtiywder. , - ^*  ITS 

Pi;D*oniiJ  aUU *" .  US 

ei) itiimii^iitA  .... — ......,,..^ ISt-lffJ 

Pe-trcl.  i(^.„Oilof  ..*.......*-»...".  — .--  225 

PotriM-elia  rrui:nln..^4....4^,^.... > — ..  ZtA 

Pctmnnyiwu  nmtricanus  ,, ,,,, —  •  70 

Pettttmymiititljn  ,.,-., ^—.- - --  TO 

Pf  jn^m  DulJn  ati-o  |)itiirpi)r^ 267 

ytianiMfldon  furcBltW' ,,--- .-...-..  S7 

linitaatIK  Sbrlla of 2»7 

7lioi:ii^B  IjTochj'ciuii «--■> 11 

lin«aiA ,,*„.,........  — ...  Tl 

ToinrHDU..........................  11 

^boC'ci  KichurdflJi, ....,...„.„.,»  0 

vitiiliiiiL S 

Thociiim ,....,..  B 

Pbocift* .,....„. — a 

I1io»iihonia  ..- ...tw),230 

Import*  of.,, 2W 

UniinfnrtLim  of  ^........... 1'j 

polf  ou* . , , IM 

Plmtogmi)!!!?  apparaliui  (acceeMryJ. ....-.■  ITS 
l^luito^niitljt!  .......«.^...,.... ............!£□, £41 

^IjycJftChcstori. „-,,,.. „.,....-...  W 

cbuw...., ....*..---■ -.. i.  M 

tpnttia M 

^UltU&AdA .  210  I 

^liyUoi>hD»  iiieiii%rr.:nlfulitt — 2m 

iBHidbBl 367 

Thyicti^TMff^,,., ,...........*,,.....  12 

PliynujU'itntii ..... *,..*.... .- 12 

PhvHtlur  matTtn'Opbalua .._-,...*  13 

PlcUnil 5S 

Brook ,---  65 

Liiok«i  .., ......,..-.„..  133 

TSei^ied  AaIi,  l^rvpiiirBtJ4»nH  cif — .  lt<r 

dmHa IW 

"Hclllnit.  PnjiorTatlott by ..,.109-170 

rkricnuip] 177 

rU'iiMmj-tnipB,...,,...-- .>.. *-.  135 

PirrTL-Liirton..... . ........  177 

PJjtKlll-Bfls .........._.....-.,..  IJU 

TigvOD,  Oflof 2211 

PiEeoii*.  Stool ,.,...„., ..,-  i:iO 

pljituieur*,  Wooli  uBwl  ft!i  mpOinni  for. .......  210 

Pijnnv  Smilplo -- 34 

Pjff.  iSBMUlilg -  11 

"rike- .... - fis^fli 

nke.  niiiUber 81 

Tikr,  Gilt (U 

Flk L--iH>rclL,  Canvla . ...>.. .... '19 

Yellow 4* 

PtUwCaltforalc* 2fl7 

PlIt^iwrflxMTs 7B 

PitDul^-pti-ridtO,  „.,„,.,„ ,. 4H 

Pliu I'liTpf t.-nifl  Uofloli ............... .....  4fl 

PJDkii^a... U7 

Pinnlpedta.......... .......,-.,.  & 

Pldii,  BftUyiiiH Ifil 

Vln,T(»^I« ,.,...,„ ,-,„**.  ICI 

J*SptS  AeiatlDff  .,..,...„,. ,.,.„,*,..  M" 


PIlHvfltll „.,....,..„....„...  » 

Pipnttcii «,-.  M 

PUtflH»(?U» ,..«  « 

PiHltixLo  and  gnam ,,. ^,  tt 

FUioia  nir-gmw ...........„..*>..,—  II 

riifAU*.,  ...-.....„,.• «™.«.  m 

I^ttA,  Cnvfitid.......... .......»..•«..  Vt 

I'labi  lj(H>k« - IT-UI 

sisjljta - B 

tnni;!rUi..... Ul 

PkiltdllBM. UWll 

IIJUI- „  ..  M 

for  Ibmlt  S|kpclineDfl  vf.... tU 

nMl4ir  mtnltiMKMlMM  .,.,.,.,..  ^..... ......  m 

nioldn  . .. .......................  Iff 

riftfltiTft , , . . . —  ,., ,..• W 

Tlisfr-*,  Wetatirl  dry ..*,.,*..«,.  H 

PlfitirUlliye  iU'llAliLi., ...^. ........  9 

PltH'tnmijathi  .  ...............>....» .^..^  9 

PlpHTtHJiHllrt  glfllX*  ...*,, .-  ■ 

Pli'urt>riiN.'.lid^, .-,.,,.,.-*..... ■ 

Plic-ra ...  n 

I^lni^tDitun  rttorineum.--. ..............  M 

lHiivk\ag..., ,.„..J1MB 

plmnagvry,  Art  of .■  ^ 

Plumra.  FiMitbi*n*  fOT *■ 

Pwkct  GtiptHT .,,, ..♦-—.  I* 

Pomk^tnela ■ 

Pockci-tnps  ..,-- ,.. ...*.  "■ 

Popfo ,.-,.....-. „...-..  ■ 

PntwAii .......-, .^....»» * 

mood ** 

Frtod -. • 

PliunijUoni* .*.....,»...  ** 

Optmn.,^.... ...-  >■ 

Polar  Boat.. ...-  * 

IIiiTe .»..-  * 

Polr  FluuiMlor. ........... ^..,.*...,.. ^ 

Poki 1* 

P(illf.bsr«.  Shaft. • 

PoLfthmg , ..11*1^ 

ivnwdors  .............  ...„...-,.«  "■ 

PnllnthJtifl  tsrbauaellUI  .....^......._..^.....-  ' 

Polbck..... ..«  • 

Polyiilra  mtmiilua.. »..4*  ^ 

P«i.|>-oi]im  Collunv.... ...,-.-. ..."  " 

PoIyoKliintJilB ** 

FuljMliibMila  afmrubcJiLVEia  .......•...-.."  ^ 

BaUryi ,—  ■• 

"             bipjnpata. .,,.„..,-.-..-*-■"  ** 

*^             Huugsta .......•■■•«—  '^ 

"             fudCi^lAta. , .-.-»-  * 

'*            frmluw*  .............■...■••.•  ^ 

flbiiJloBa.-. ,.— .,.'*•  *" 

*'            Umv^eh-juIa .«..,.......>■  " 

"■            Harvi^yi....* .....«—-*  ** 

"          tAuafl .-«. •-  2 

"            ]ntidJiJtk* •  * 

"              (M^<:ti■n.  t'l-Diidi. -.>*>*•— «•**  ^ 

"          iwnn&t* -»"  J 

•'          tiTMolat*  .,..,-"•••  2 

'*           Twlfsatii  .......^*  .*.»••••■  J 


INDEX  OP   OBJECTS. 


381 


Voodil     

Pafte.   1 
206  ' 

M 

ff7  1 

>DCMtictns 

37 

61 

tutrix   

Rl 

^::;;::;::::;::: ::::::  m 

Uocria  

60 

udoharenRiu 

nucnlfttoa 

60 

48 

42 

eta 

130 

i 185 

42 

lodela) 

244 

242   1 

k '. 

67 

Bra  flnfltln  for  . . 

...      252 

litc-halred 

18 

„ 18 

40 

36 

itus 

82 

it 

277 

jf    

276 

';;;:;:;:::;;..;;...:::   i84 1 

43 

XiB 

260 

10-lt   1 

10 

';;;:;:;:;;;;::::;;;::::::::  n  i 

10 

214 

-whale 

10 

10 

i-whal"  , ...  ,       .... 

12  i 

Ml    

10,11 

ii    

924-39S 

145  1 

142 

•bys  Tir)(l]iiaiiiu) 

20,104 

196 

aide  of      . 

130 

■ocyaulde  of 

pel    ■ 

228 

133 

IS^-IM 

132 

17S 

17  i 

.heotl                

R!)  !U-n.>   ! 

"•^' '■ 1 

•  of 

276 

31  1 

;":;;:;::.:::; C2| 

91 

01  ; 

lion 

01   ' 

10.1   i 

01 

04 

92' 

"*:;:;:::;:;:::;;;;::::::::  na - 

imr 

207 

10 

Page. 

PrmlrioHare l» 

Sqatrrel W 

Wolf. 189 

Predatory  animalit  not  elsevchere  exhibited.     244 

Preparation  of  albnmcD 175 

of  batU 170 

of  body-oU 174 

of  the  bones 177 

of  "briUantiBe" 170 

of  oochineal  colors 173 

of  coral 174 

of  feathers 170 

of  fibers   for  mannflurtare  of 

plush  carpets 171 

of  flah-scale  work 174 

of  food 168-170 

of  gnano 178 

of  cnrled  hair  for  staffing 170 

of  horn  and  hoof 173-174 

of  other  hard  tiasnes 173-174 

tortolseshen 174 

of  silk  from  byssns  of  pinna. . .     171 

of  sUk  of  insecU 171 

of  nUk  of  silk.wonns 171 

of  the  skin  and  Its  appendages .  171-173 

of  nacre .-      174 

of  spermaceti 174 

of  sponge  stuffing 171 

of  soft  parts  of  other  inrerto- 

brates IH 

of  headoil 174 

of  stuffings 170 

of  whalobono 170,173-174 

of  wool-cloths 170 

of  wool  and  hair  of  manunals. .      170 

Preparationa,  Adhesive 133 

Binl 188,185 

yiab 183,185.187 

Mammnl 182,184 

ofmoUuaks 184,187 

of  pickled  fish 187 

Radiate 184 

KeptUe 183,185 

Prepared  ammunition 83 

wods 02 

Preserration,  Accessories  of 168 

of  tbc    animal    for   srlvntiflo 

uses 176-178 

by  running 100-170 

bydr>-in« 108-170 

of  in<-nt8 168-170 

of  food 168-170 

of  ptmi',  fltthcH,  &c 241 

bypickliug 160-170 

PresorvatlonB 178 

Prcservativ  mixtiu-es 170-177 

P^t'!^e^^■wl  ini'atH,  &c 103 

I'nwrvhi;;   fldli,  Siwcimi-ns  of  salts   used 

hi 160 

I'niSHiii'; 170-173 

PrijU'imttiidiB 53 

Prinum 01 

IMonitls  AndcnMmli 268 

"       liiiiceolata 268 

Prionotits  carolinas 18 


332 


INDEX   OF 


Prlonotati  cvoluas W 

PriAtiiUe 07 

l*ria(iiH»matidu; --  *7 

l*ri8tiH  unti<iuuruiu C7 

lV..l.aii-B 223  1 

l*r«b»'».  Snow 78  i 

Pnilun^r-awln 70 

VtwvtaKiui  currj'fng 171  | 

of  tiinuiufT  Icutbcr 173 

uf  tuw  luK  ur  uil-dTCSiiiiig  Ivather  .  172  ! 

Profy«ni<In' 6 

I'nit'yim  lotor C  [ 

PriMlilin^r-intitruiufnts 78-70  , 

rnxK  ThriiMtiuK 78  1 

I*ruUur(iun8,  Inwt-t 222  I 

MoUuKk 222  I 

T'rutliK'td.  Cli<>iiiii'al 210  | 

Pn><;hora  Autv1iti>e 7 

rn>[ukn>i)f<  truiiHA 50  | 

I*nipni£alin;£-li[>uw.*,  Modflof,  &i: 248 

Prop4n;atiuu 2«-24rt  ' 

iif  aniphibuuM 34j  j 

of  Inh'8 248  ; 

ofbinU..  244  j 

of  fomU 248 

of  llHhi'ii 245-247  j 

of  ciK'l)iiH*ul  iuwct 24t*  ! 

uf  iiiM>ctH 248  I 

of  k-orlu'S 248  ,' 

of  niaiumals 244  j 

of  ntiilliiaks 248  j 

of  nptUcB 243  I 

ofHilk-wona  24H  j 

of  »I>oui;)*H 248  '■ 

t>l'  noriiirt -If 

IM-nin  hiiiiiu.- -I" 

Miiiiiir.i.  Iiiii-  of I7:> 

I'rosii]iitiiii  Ciiiii^ii ."'7 

i|inii)l'il:iti'r;il>; '•! 

J 'mil  i  timi -11 

:>ii'1  rnli.in-   ■j:t.\ 

t'l.iiii  ill-*.  ilH Iti.'" 

I'>-iitii/.o]iii:< l"!,  ■.'•■■| 

t'lii'iiiii'.il  inoiliH  1-  I'll  nil I'M 

Iii.jiiiiiiii'i L'lU 

r-.iul L'i:;i-:;t.;i 

l'iii\  i.-inii'.  nn,i!-,  I  "it  In.  i  lur-i'.  •;::;.•*,  Ac. 

N.I  i\]..iit-i  ol :iiil 

II. •!  ill!  IikIi  <l.  [iiiiiorlxil' :tiil 

rriis>i.m  M-i.           '-•-•- 

l>I>li'        lii-i<i>      11  mil     It  ;il]lt'l'     WLlntr 


Tni-.-.i,iii  I  r  iMit;i-.|i  iMi- liii'li  I- :ji».) 

l'lll!-l.lt.S 

M.illill'ntilli    Ml 

r>.  tti.  Iiiti\  -  III.  i.iii..-ri<  i-c 

J'>.iiil'iii\- 1  i>ni  Miii.i 

m..l.ilifiwi-i 


]'.-M-u<lii]il>'iii<<Ii<'<  Ii-"  -iiMi'i  ii  :ii)iiu 

1'tt'ii<l<i|ii  ]:t<'iiii1  It'll  .(lUii 

!'■,<  tiiliwr.iMi'-  <  II  mil  11- 

Vti  mjiln  '.  11''  liitii  in , 

l't»'iMjtl:iI«:iitiiulurn 

ru'  


]:.-. 


OBJECTS. 

1^ 

Ptflota  nlegons > M 

"      hypnuldtf* 31 

"      plumuaa ■*. 90 

Ftf  chocheUiu  gnuwUft O 

PulvtrlErn IX 

I*uma  (FelU  concoloi') iH 

ClawBof , —  M 

Pump-lwlt.           MI 

Pufup  boitiiilbnfifor  ■cinc'baat M 

PnurlnnmlaHrollii. SSI 

"       plantiif^Inea t?l 

Ptmk a 

I'arimra  InpilluH  ithi>IU M 

Pui])arato  of  KnunuulA  dyes SM 

ronie-ni'ts 13 

raninit,  tuKtiOtlti  and  Appliance* USUT 

PqjILl^lllilUB       •' I 

PqR]Elbf-«t:Ji'kft     Ul 

PtUDttm'aFUl-Iiftli. X 

Pvpt*^ti:"iP90':i:iiJi.'ntiili4J 3 

Pyrethnmipovdur Ifi 

Q- 

QuiUiirtirIi<it.Maui]factun<of. IT! 

brunb-briatlcB,  Mnnufiu-tnn-  of. IR 

Quill* ai 

of  AiDcrk'tiD  h«l);c-hn^ 219 

of  blnla ai 

CoD«uniption  of M 

of  crow 21) 

of  dnck ai 

uf  caKlcs ;t» 

Fi-atlu>rlne Wi 

of  ■?.«»«. 219 

of  iniiiiifiuilt III.' 

I'm-  juiit.  >I;iiiiil",icturi- wf '■': 

uf  •iv.iiii ;'.■' 

i"!- t.-i.iii-jiUk-*.  At- ■-■:-' 

i.i"  luikiv :!-' 

(Jiiimial 

i^iiiiviTf. ■• 

it 

Ita1>hi(  or  Ciiiiv  (I^-]iiis  <*iiiiirn1iiH) 1M 

Viiiof' v.* 

(May :J 

1 iis -t 

.rark :» 

Mar^li :■' 

ii.i:. y-'i 

S.lUr -*' 

siiriiii;-iii-1s I  ■■' 

li|»-  II M  il  ill  Kii:;l.uiil l'^ 

\V:lt.r -■' 

Wliil- 1? 

K.iM.ir  iMi -* 

llal.l.it-.  IV.Miiiil' -'■' 

K.i.- It ■' 

Ilaii  ..f l!*; 

I;.iri,]ia wiling  ( Ainn\Mii'i1i) "*' 

l;.M,. ^'' 

(Hi„ '■''' 

Ka.lMt,. W: 

]iii  i).iiatiiiiis '" 

It.Kliat.^ '-^ 


129  I 

81  I 

i 
I 


ui-tH 130 

209 


INDEX  OF   OBJECTS.  333 

Page.   1  Page. 

«]  prodncto  from 231  ,  Ki>n<leriiig  whtl«-oil,  InstntnMnU  and  appll- 

Dfl 263  I       anceaof 174-175 

263  I  B4>nlceps  tibaro OS 

1 144  I   KfDnets,  Imports  of 200 

144      Tk*]'n\riiii:.  ASi^htinc,  and  testing  flre-arma  ..  93 

65  '  KeptUooila.. 22« 

66  '                        Extraction  of 175 

66  I                perfumes 238 

67  I      '  preparations 183-lKi 

..  66  I  skins,  Leather  prepared  fh>m 215-216 

66  i   Reptiles 21 

Chemical  prodacts  fh>m 230 

Ivory  of 108 

rn(X"awJitl'^nof  M5 

lE^'pflrUof  tbel'  S.'FiAli CommisHloa 233-237 

^  \  lS>iH-aTch.AppanitTU  for  physical 233 

270  [   lEem.'n-olrBk-gims 90 

*3  '   Ri-nt  fur  harpoon,  *o 162 

17  j  IW*u!l«,Aii[iUBiiKraf«T  working  op 233 

17  I  4»rworkt>fC  S. Fish Commiaaion.. 233-241 

'**   ,    '"lU'VuMnKlMMMtLS" 117 

214  j  TtlMbilonlftCoultcri 287 

18                        lencrti     2C7 

itftin 18     Rhodj-menia  coralllna 267 

1**                "           palmata 267 

<^ 216     Rhsu  hinnwli;*  BMcitit 112 

M  I  Jni!i.lnM;biliiflio«iti^s. 38 

making  artlflvijil  flies 138  I  IlljinobPtiOu'                67 

JifilncilifttusproilnrtwH 67 

Ti  hii)Hir)f^ntUf>  cnudn  rtita 80 

lihi|i<i[iti^ra  i]Uiiitrilutid 65 

Rhodomclla  floccoea S60 

65  j             "            larix  266 

66  I            "            sttbftiHCA 266 

W  ■  Iihnnitni«-hlrQit<m.teochir 52 

*■'■'■   T^liornb^ifmnntiM        64 

inmnobilU) 207     jjii.iriilKti>UriB  [luronibiim 48 

■t'nU»9) 189  I    lainriibiif-lfrviN           28 

10  '                      1110*11111  UA 28 

34      Ubyfoptxls.  TiMiil  264 

47  .   lUlilHiii-urcMVcm' lione,  Manufacture  of 173 

14      I£iilkti^-r'«>*^'!'  (I'i.ibufliilo hunting) 142 

[M-r 49      Klilinc^mldles 142 

ipin 21      Rigger's  hooks 152 

96  I  itlif^flntfitxiliLiip-vi'MK-tA.Apparatusaceeflaory 

n '      47  to 150-103 

■tlH-cked 47      Riyht  Whale 13 

strijicd 47      Rl<;Iit-\Vhale  Poriwise 10 

;T»'l 47       Uiii;:ii-«L(Jniuuil  !S<iiiinTl 18 

118-119      iJiii!;^.  rU-fivibB-  122 

i; IIB-UO      T{i|i|MriR  kulvi'M    73-73 

■ no      Kiv.TimJrtflilBJritimil.li-) 206,257 

118      RiVer-weirs.  with  pttckcts 131 

170-171  '   RlverSting  Ray 66 

174                  Tnmt 58 

219      RolM'n,Fur -.-'. HE 

id  other  hair 219      Roliin,  Round 42 

itii 16S      RiH'Outi  i'hry«>iiii 61 

IM            "       liucatus 51 

ICX      RiK-kllass 48 

210                 Ell 82 

IM                 (.f  nmper 60 

pogloaaotdca 2fi  ,             Trout S3 

62.137  *  Rook-flBh 61 

hj-pton 52  I                  Banded » 


05 


ttocV'(Ub,Bkclc-e(u»a. ...*.... ...,,.—  ..,.,  W 

lUwk^UeMlud  — 

litwy ...„».. a* 

ItcHVUnt!.  FuurbniriiHt.. 3fl 

IBu^kj  MvoiitAiii  Hat.., Id 

#1iC4pliom  ,..^.. «....-.«<  SU3 

Bo.1« .ll»-iai 

Koil*T»rl»lliiff,..,, .,.-, .—.....  M2 

»«•    ....  .  - 19S 

K(w«,  Iliir^l  lUiil  atnuk^  ...,, IKI 

li^llrr.  H|iJii'*Tiini;-i*crt*ii  <Collaifl).,-^.^.--..  MA 

IV>llfT^  Ilr^^'ILuii Ufl 

Ttiiwl-llniv *,.,...* il» 

Kiwuniwiicliu'  -.-,*..*.*.... fi 

I&iMiUAma  Cnnkil ff 

"         ub«ciu .....,..._.^.,,^.  fl 

Jlnw-nNli  _ , «  M 

fiuMMiMiLdi^ft  tfoT  waAlitof  cggK)  i,,ikv><-'^T>*>  147 
JlrHu^TtMt,  W4»rrii  wink,  and  trlnkolii,  Muiu 

fiji-tiim  of ...^.....»^.,.^..  ITU 

ItMV  B(K.-l(-tl«U Z* 

ItnhllnWlirllBof  .,,«. .,..., SWT 

KutllK  IrklU j(4S 

Kuiiitli  FluuudFr «.. .^. ...........  V 

BfiUDil  II«T-riaj|;..... .„t MT 

tnuu«r-lTnpR 134 

ItnUn ......„,....—  ,  M 

"EtmuaKuivi-B"......... tn 

KiiiiiHl  tallfM.!  ti  nttuid  Sqaiml 15 

KoHllH'V- - ...lfiS-l» 

ICiiMht  ri1.^i]kcU 1«Z 

HudtW  fl«b,  KiuiiImI 43 

UlAcIc 43 

Bnitlfn-'flTl  UTffl .„,..-......  .lAir-165 

Banilnnutfvllnni-cniTKii  ot .^^........  200 

" IliiMmii  Hiifdifx^a ' ' ,,,,,^ ....  164 

Buifll  KoundKi  .„,„...,.„.... 2fl 

S. 
SahU\  Ainr^iiiuui,  or  HuiIiuu'b  Bay  (If  lUtdn 

AmtirkoiuiJ  ■ ...—  ..—....._., 169 

SbIiWw.  Hnlrof-. 1S5 

Sfti^ntiii>[!iilw  ^iiiiiaoa ..w....  M 

6«(ltUi.-vv^  iiantiws,  Atu^ BcportBor...H,.«...^S-2B3 

SfcUlK  aUiifiB H 

siuiaifft ...„.-, ui 

Puck ^... 14!I 

rjftlng-, ,- 143 

fliip'  Kiibliit..,. „.,..... .,„.„. ..*....  S» 

ftuil  llf'ti BD 

Snili*r'Ariii"lri'..,,, ta 

8niltirH'  mIh  M|li-knlve4  .,.*. fj 

&%tiutuuii]i'f,  FlurttlA.... IT 

Gul  maiiiWLlac  it^ev  uudt-r  30)  ■  - 2V0;  £34 

AIjid ufuii urr<  of .,«,.., 17fi 

Sftlmo  fario. .--....-... M 

Balinon.... -,-,...... -,.... ,.  &7 

Artiflcla]  iDmfor ...lOI-lH 

'bPskvtJi  <CD]uiuUU£tv4ir) 131 

iHink-BUl-uet -.......,. ,.,,  124 

Sacntmi-cilw 6H 

^Itpd..... ,„ )«6»1M 

Srlw^n  .. .......................  67 

ftnnkwi. — iffl 

fl 


SalBMnir-bwJtle . 

SHlmootila , c 

SalmoMlftr M 

aftU... .«.•••..«.«»-  CB 

(arcvMDdry >,...» -.— ..  W 

BalttdaJiolKivlM..*. ...»*»•«»■■»•■••••.  Ji 

balt«(prcpftiv4) ...••.••.•^•».  V 

f«»#^ „*^.... ^  !■ 

Mveflsb .....»». ..H^.  M 

biLflklusiMt ...„.*<.,^,«*t*«««**  -M 


•Ik. -, 9t 

fOmU ....,..«..,»••*«..■. 

biilllml ,., 

llCLTiltS , .^».«,»,»  ■ 

Etwcki^rvl ...J..*.**  Si 

moIleUi. ,„...,, . ... H 

IMRnpnno ..._..._ ,.  w> 

imrk W 

rrKiclf^r. .r,.^^ ........  JM 

■ulliuuu ..•.^..Jfl^Wt 

^iKunUh  niiM.-k(3inl »...,.  tS 

Aw-nnl-IJAli .•-  W 

ti>Binifa  ot  bajtklo.  ilecr,  huTM. ......  M 

tUfllp ,„.^  » 

Simitg,  Fiib ^  !• 

Satt-mim  H4Mli4ti  of  4C3i»«Cod>.. M 

SaltH,  Kim>]nifni  nf,  uaeil  bi  pro^cnimf  Ai^  M 

S«Jv(.--bti^ M 

fialvvlluiiA  f[intiiiii.ll» 1 

"       uqaKMiiA  -  .....J.... -.  .....>.,...,.  4i 

Siiulfl  MwroiiiA,  fillkoif ■ 

^ '      p<j1yi>bi-tuiiii,  &yk  of ...... .  ......•■>•  9 

S«£ipl(!A  glll^Df  UlDj^  „,...,.,...  ...........  HI 

of  w^tUDghnnjc  to  INica., .........  TM 

Bnuil-bAthdrylufznsil  st^vmktg,  ...........  tn 

SiinJD*b... ........*,....„-. ......,..„.-  ff 

Eel    * « 

Slutfk- <...,.„ • 

SftrdaiDclnin^^....,  ......>..........■—>.—  it 

aanUiie(W'toT>,  Model  oT .» —  W 

B*rfln«,  iiiivri««|ii .,  !■ 

pivHinr^,  Fon4eu  Rxporlvof.....  M 

|iH-Bprvtd,  ImpotLi  of.  .....<«.•■'•»  9 

BiiatilaD  ...,  .....................  M 

HBi^EUstim  AgardiaTiiuii...... ......'.- ^ 

"         baccifemin.... —**..*  9B 

"         aratiMlum, .,.....--.. .........  1* 

*'        vu)):&r« .»»..•  W 

Sarinui  Ht>HinK»klJi.. 4i 

fiarotli  rodti*  i-apintrHiM ,.....,»«,*r-  • 

Satirf,  Altchuvy ....».■■  W 

Sniiail)ft'^  ....... ...... ....,*•  19 

:R:iua.i.gD-AkIna,  Impurla  Of  ......... ..,i.«»*i|.  iV 

Saw-flali - .**  ^ 

Su«iiig.... ....._,.._..*„—--........*■-  IS* 

siHp....... «.  n* 

Saya' Striped  &»initTel ♦,.-  ^* 

Scsbburrt-flih  ....  ,...„....,-......-.,...-  * 

Scad,  Bin;  t'yitl. ** 

MuLkurel,. -.»  ' 


INDEX   OF    OBJECTS. 


335 


PaRe. 
100,205 

IM 

205 

lin* 

92 

.eather  preporod  from  . . . 

klO 

169 

74 

ITumnn 

217 

ticos   

13 

itetiu 

13 

main 

217 

14 

WDsendll 

14 

ihoiM  DlatTrhTnchtu 

Ki 

M 

Inanlli 

35 

30 

Idns   

as 

IM 

(1)  cocclnea 

..      208 

wiviWf 

208 

140 

tUatua 

45 

onitu 

14 

llata 

2C7 

Balis  of  Egj'pt 

230 

14 

■til 

14 

tnensis 

14 

.  ...        14 

14 

nod ; 

187 

(die 

54 

acutcUatna 

nbpn  ..,..,       

50 

AO 

40 

,,.,          inn 

80 

7(1 

70 

79 

34 

17n_179 

12 

'^r 

:::;;  i^ 

!k : 

100 

1  parcrs,  Skin 

70 

.       .            70 

, 171-172 

Is   

_    177-17B 

..::::"";...::: v^ 

doty 

187 

,Dcl 

91/1 

.« 

aland 

.14 

y 

S4 

.       40 

.          .            40 

*"  1 

m 

<nnon  taritu 

270 

:;::;;::::;;;::";:;; ^ 

5 

60 

Faffo. 

SeaLioD 5 

lion,  Throat  of 215 

Otter 4,191. 

Bavott 34 

Itobin,  Broad-flngexed 33 

Kobin,  Striped 33 

Stutd 00 

SnaU 33 

Sea-boats 147-148 

Seo-elophant  oil 223 

Sea-hone 25 

Sea-lion  leather 208 

oil 223 

Sea-snails 2S1 

for  bait 251 

for  cameo 253 

forfoofl 251 

for  dye-stofis 253 

Ii^urious 253 

for  pearl-shell,  Jto 251 

for  porcelain  stock 2^ 

Qsed  in  IniUau  trado 253 

Sea-urchins 202 

Seal,  Bonded 6,192 

Conihion 5 

Elephant S 

Fnr 5,181 

Gray 6 

hair  (Phoca  Titolina) 192 

Harlxtr 5 

Harp 8,192 

Hood  or  Blodder-noae 192 

Hooded 6 

lances 78 

leather 208 

Leopard 0 

oil 233 

oil  Imports  of 29<J-297 

Pacific  Hair 193 

seines 126 

Sinews  of 215 

Sqnare-flippor 6.102 

"^Vi^lntv,  Ic^atlurfhtm  pharynx  of 215 

&>ci1  in  j;^  WILT,  Impfjrt*  of 299 

StibaK'i  Siilinou             57 

Svlijfiflti^w  raBriniis 34 

vjnpflmj* 34 

Si^jKialfK!f*panrl]ii1ui.«i 35 

Seliastomns  aurlculatns 35 

"           elongatus 35 

"  '         fiisclatiiH 35 

"           rrniacftiH 34 

?;f'b;mtow{iniflni'liiiii«ifp«i 35 

Secret  ion  of  Hkiuik 2*J0 

Sti nv.  Boat 148 

lloatdof  wood,  cork,  j;la8!*,  nndrublxT.  117 

Hnta 97 

nela 119 

Scinon 126-llM 

IkiinI  culk-ctins 127 

Bait 127 

Boas 127 

Bluon«b 127 

CapeliD 127 

Cod m 


SoIdm.  Hcrrins-  ■'" * "  13' 

liunw,  Mftckcft-l - -^  129 

MsitMll'OO.. .»**►-.-..  —  -»-- 15WJ 

Ut-ulimUii-ii ...... ISA 

Iiumi'.MtiiUadeti-. ....130-1M 

JfuUoL—^-, .......  ...„,- 12a 

Ollinr..... 12T 

fti-nl ]2B 

Slmrt , -..,..,..- iaO-127 

8^}m^wlni!ln«M» --.-  lift 

S^LiclMiwtuiiit „-,., , , fl* 

til'ltflv.'uliliiJjWwniMMl  Incollppling ^ ITiJ 

8fi(lii.rmDi)^pl»offiiUJull«.,., ^£0 

Ht'fg^'nnt  Ikmnr..... ...■<- • ^.  37 

SoriolA  LMlaCtfiil 43 

&«Tfloliln> .— ....._.»..-,.--,,*.-  40 

Rf^t'Ticfji 183 

S^'t-tQiUfl ,....., Bf 

E5«'t-etw|wi .,  OT 

Ri-Wi'llrl Ill 

eiuMi «w 

BfTTDuila... 4U 

SlUaetoi  uwd  im  Sombera  ciren , rn 

Mml , eo 

OhloGUnnl-., ■---*.  OQ 

Sm,..,.-^. DO 

HdM* , ...l5B-]2f 

idltlcR l;il 

tanUlo.. ....,..* ftS 

•Wititi-r -u..  SO 

"ShtwVwRjr«i'* .-.  W 

t^luilll-g:mf'*«    ..,. — W 

Rlulft-poliiJlii^™ , *t* 

stinniy,  T!rui*li:  ir»riaim'i) ..--  H^ 

Rliiiliin- ...170-iri 

t!h4irk,  AI^V.hhI'! ,.,.......  m 

Lthu.,. ..,.,-. t» 

lllTicvUtJidttd ..,.. OM 

liQiaky ..-., ...,.,..,„,.,  *M 

gtvir ,.. fl7 

Unmnictr-lipul U8 

Icatlicr !I7 

UHrkiTel...-,. „.,...  .^..H^..  07 

fiUTiAO W 

POTbMfl^-- ., —  -  67 

S»ml -* M 

s))-ir«'iiKfld - es 

SJix-ippr...... .........,,». OD 

jjJiititO -. ,,.-„..  im 

Bpiny 70 

SiHltUll-flll 00 

aWMi  of. 100 

TlstT  ......  ® 

SWtT;-IUv-t  uil  „, a?T 

SborU's  viTti'liiiic ,_-.._..... ilKJ 

Pfiaip-lK-atlfd  FJimtr  Whula J» 

ISharpl.-**  -,..,.„........ _._,_..„.....  HB 

ffUurji'iioMHl  Hknle 07 

Mmrip'^Mi ** — *  « 

ShnirpmerB,  ArTOw^bond....,^.  ,-...,.....*  W 

r»'lfl,  A:0.    .: , 3*0 

SKawU.  liupartnor ,,,, ^90 

SliwtMK.i>«  , 154 


INHEX    or   OBJECTS. 


^Wariiitf 

lSJi«<ntii  Fiirrlt^n  iiRpnrt» of  ,...,.— t.,^w 
Elitrmti.  ni'  ...,.^.. .......... ...... 

|i«lh^t  ..... ......,.-^. ■,.-•.. .«■ 

ikIiM!iit:iiu ............f 

Moiuii^lu  iOvIb  vutDtuiaj  .«..•..» 

SiUl'«W4  uf .^... ....-'.... 

Vlwfmof ..., ,,.....,««* 

Slw-pp'a  triml 

wmj]  {uua(i,lnj - 

ShM-pabt^U*....,.,. -—---  —  ---. 

SbfU ...^.k,.. ...».,^.^ 

C'ifttnpo *... ^^■- 

C'lW^li  t^tnutiliitai  sl0M]»  .......... ^ 

('miAint4>l:i<ii]i>f — .».. 

u(  i-ay.*.    ■  ..,...,--— —,.p-^— I 

fluli,  ilivitLlvp... ..,..-. ^~>.^ 

hrliii'.^t  i,i'.i<Mt«  ruG^  *&]  ,,.-..,..* 
of  kln^-iTuli  .. -* — R-i-^.-.t 

SIuOIh  ipf  IIUt'flDtUll * — • 

I  »r  Uu'-cillUIU  undalniD 

ifif  Ilimyfnn - 
(.'flUlniml.-, .-.,..-..,,<,.•) 
uE  C.vtil^u'A..... PM» 
(if  iVnt^ilnm.... ...«««i»r 

I  »r  IKiliiiJti      ,.^ 

I  Ear  lUiilkitJUirr ^^t 

^'■"      ■     ■-- 

nf  F-'i]i»UH ..-..r. 

]  lin|tIc'it>«tit»ii»J  for,,,.*-.. 

iir  H»Uotu... 

nf  UocLTS 

Kit  Mi-nx'OArb   

w(  M^.TC'nfl.rIa  1  inlnfina 

tvf  Mun-r --- 

(tf  tiiuililuH  nud  &r^uuuii  ... 

cifOIltii.. ^.^... 

uC  iViti-n  .....,,,.„ .  — . 

at  Pliii(«irn'lla *. 

Qf  I'urijutm  1a|i)1lIiu 

vt  Bulvllfl — * 

of  Strvmlnu. ........ 

or  SycotTpni...... ,.,.. 

of  Triditonii ............... ^ 

of  Tl-ilott ,...,.,. 

of  TmrU^Ila  ..-,...,,-... .^.— 

flht  Ui,  Top  (TnrbiBldw) 

SholK  TowiT  (Trtx^hUi*-! ^  - 

S|]>d11  Tortoli*-  (FJrwmixiitljii  iM^nuwUt 

SLi'h  V.  L'i'k,  l_'nia|wniLiuB 

Sbrltwr.- ,...,....,.,.,..-. ... 

S^hivUA  ., -> *.— 

Wlilnrr « 

KlKK'tiKiki't*'  w-jtx^«n)lK,  Brtatlafbr — 

SlslM'H.  SllUNW  ....,, ,. ...'- 

siiflutiTfl.  r»« — 

SiMtrt  UijS'i^^i'-  - -,,..... ..— 

C.i-iirtntMlail ........... 

liaail'a>'"r .,...„...., 

]lLLr\-4'tllflHl( 

I'lPmiiutui ....■..■."' <!*  — ' 

Sti«t'nrMii<d  ftar  Plkv.. .«....••>»««— • 

Hturgi'na  ...■.••■■>«.««m*< 
Sbiwt  tiUliU  I'mirto  Doff <u»m< 


rtraui  lij^Ankof  riima,  Propontion  *f..  171 

ilrt^v^MMla,  tniporta  of.. B60 

ou  or  Nflntly IM 

i«of  raw „ MB 

Impttila  iif 980 

'"■•-     '  -    - S88-380 

■f  111                          rrj  from 100 

■(lu-            :       ,'j^iattirDof. 171 

ifiotve  (DombjvNUctoM) 100 

114 

[It                                   ' 'onHiimpttnn  of .  260 

VTturtBor 280 

•r  miiuufui  iiiit,»  I. J,  liupoitA  of sn 

T   nuuiuCu'turrs,    Inipnrta   of,    1i^ 

....  389 

....  IM 

....  IDO 

....  801 

..'..  IM 

....  190 

....  171 


of. 


•fh.  ,, 

•f  Saiiils  ptrl^ijilirrnot. 

•f  «1Ilt-wonii«,  ri>'])arstlonof ....  .. 

•f  •filfliTV 105 

If  IiumIi  (BamltjxTifiniyl) IM 

•r  **mtmvD  •lllc-wonn  (Bombyx  nori)..  100 

irtii 222 

.wnniiBin  AtmmU im 

'fm.  I*iv|iA*mtlon of ..,-.,.,  2« 

02 

'rn«(VuipMal«pcxBrgi!iitattt« IMl 

fMi 41,45 

«•'                      M 

a               M 


Aintwflof  j^at..... »..•..• 2lfi 

of  SKBl 315 

of  Aliffrp SIS 

of  walms 31^ 

Sln^-finiOTu  Ash-witya 341 

StBgl»-iinlnt«a  liooka 8IM1 

atnkm U7 

aiiiVrt»,  N.a 117 

StphoDK,  Uriod. 184 

SiplitKi-tabe* 347 

*Stnm)ik 0 

SlMugUI-iuU U3 

Site « Ml 

SiM*  KvA  slum  (aeo  oniln-  X4> 

Skiit(.%  CUtr-nowMl.... 48 

titm^-niimeA 67 

Sfaatp-noMil fff 

Spriujt 
SiM>tltid 

Bkato-UvM- oil aST 

BkaiH 143 

Skdctou,  iic. 

Appsratos  fnr  mnklnc 177 

SIterwen,  Ae , 1*6 

BklAi,  Hnaltng 147 

SktBUBflO^UBtl 246 

Bkln  Htid  lt«  appctulflgfia,  Propumlion  of  . .  171-173 

bottia 140 

of  E.>U 131 

Skill'*,  jViiiianituii  for  makiiiR  wid  luoaatlnK.  178 

of  rcl  iAii;i:iiUU  Tolgaria) 210 

Sltln  ftcrapcraaixlpaixMi)... 7n 

HkiMwr &S 

Hktmk,  Alulta  Bublo lOo 

Camnum 4 

Hair  of.  forbruabca 217-SlO 

LHtJnSlrliwa...  4 

Mftxlcan 4 

FonmlM 10 

Beorotkinof ,  JS9 

Slritwit  <Spiloi{alt)  wHUa) IM 

fVliiti*  bai'koU 4 

Blark'acan* «7 

Sbitc,  I'oUabtngor. iVT 

SlvdKU.  DopT ,.. 142 

Voft Ha 

8tf^l*Sl»ark *l 

SUilra.  Fiah HI 

Shad 1« 

Sllroe-flfcb 70 

Kllnpi H7 

forarmi N 

Bird  (ummI  by  Eakimoa) M 

India,  rubber M 

SaiWlp  m 

Sbouldrr 16 

and  ipcan  thixnrD  by  atrspa M 

sm-aiRhti n 

Sllvertae-knivM T4-7fi 

SluKa,  tMea  (Umoi,  Ao) Ul 

aiitoe^ot n 

•t«in«a ...u..........  71 

wrlebfa ....»••.,..■  Tl 

Snall-fiiutvd  Poacbvd  Guphar ....••«•  Xf 


KiilL  K.  M.  Xo.  14 ^23 


338 


INDEX  OF  OBJECTS. 


Page. 

Siuall-inoutliiMl  Black  Ilass 4ft 

Smallfipottctl  Dulpbln 43 

'Siiirlt" B3.56 

Smtlt,  &c 183 

Smukctl  akmivi-a 183 

bullbut 183 

lu-tT[u}{ 183 

miiUi-t 188 

oiilacbau • 188 

suliiKin 183 

BturfCf-on 184 

TTliitc-Uah 183 

Smokistlrj-liiKappanitUH 169 

SmokiiiK-out  aiipunitua 136 

Suiokv-bouH-8,  Halibut 109 

Sturffctm 160 

Smooth-biu-k  Floiiudvr 26 

Suouth  l>ii;:lUb 00 

8tiugltay 66 

Sinn<It;pa 165 

SuAil.  S«M : 3? 

SnuilH,  St'U 2A1 

Snaki'-tUb so 

KuAkt'-tou;;H SO 

SuuppiT 48-40 

IblHlHTll 46 

Oniy 48 

ffiilf 46 

Miuit^vo 4H 

KihI 47 

Itcd-Wlliwl 40 

Star no 

Snapping  Tortuls*^ 22 

Suan-n   134 

Ilanirr J34 

i;inl w; 

T'i.-h Wj 

Koul-piiili ];!! 

.r.rk Mi 

Siiii»'K,l Cui 

Slliw  Klrt 1 1  (J 

^■l•'^ 11(1 

'ii"'P IH! 

SilKiviiim.yiK 1],; 

^\*ii' lli; 

SniiW-;;.ii:ul'-» Kit; 

!"■"'"•*•-■■      7S 

"'"'"' ■     HJ 

Simlliii^  I'i:; .   ,  ]| 

S....kM.- .'^.'.^'.['.'.'.'.  172 

Soji]i,  ArMi'iitial     ,  i7,s 

(■■■iiiiinni,  liii|HtriH  ii(' ^■;i7 

K\1M>II^  111" .,,,- 

I".inr\,   lill|i<»I'ls  nf ^>i|7 

Siiip-*,  ( 'iiiisiiiiipi  I, .11  i.r 2!tC-Jit7 

Intiii  tis)|.<,i|    ._,._,7 

I  HI  I"'!  1  s  .  .t* -jittUL;"; 

fn-fii  iiiiiniiiiiil  oil '_••_>:, 

Soft    |>!.1tH    Of.-ll,,.!-    illVl-U..l„.,t,.H,     I'l-lMlil. 

(ion  of ____  j-| 

S<.ft-!-li.l]Tiiitl.-  ... 

S"I«- ..'.'.'.[ .'^^.^""Z  '2r,~-i< 

AmtTiniii .i,; 

Mit It'll  (."nlifoniia *>ri 


Stdc*  Tids^ris S 

SolelOie a 

Soliiblo  gUaa,  Inftucrial  earth  for a 

Somnioatu  raicTooephaliu m 

Sonoift  OrouiHl  Sqninrl K 

Soiuul-decoya ui 

Soundiiig'iiiacblDe,  Bull-dog M 

Scoop « 

Soonda Id 

of  coil  and  hako,  lainglaaa  ttvm  ■ .  -Cl-B 

Soutbem  Barracuda 3 

Floondcr .'. 3 

Klng-flsh a 

Sowcrby'aWbalo... U 

Spadea,  Blubber-mlni'lug il 

Cutting 71^ 

Hi-ad T7 

Half-round... 77 

Tbmat .*. 77 

M'hale n 

Wlialcnan'H  brat > 

Wide - 

Spanish  Lady-flah II 

Uiukfn'l a 

uukckiTol,  SbUlhI U 

IVrwy ■ 

Sparf:lA  coriacv* S 

Sparida* 41 

S)tarus  aciilealua 41 

Spat,  Stoidn  for  nxeivtng  natural  aod  arliA* 

clal 3« 

Span-uing-raro  (Aiiwworth) Va 

S|>awuliii{  auluioQ.  Stniit-Jackt-t  fiir 26 

Span'tiiii;;-iMT(fU  n»lb>r  (( 'ulUiifi) -i* 

Si»:nviiiii;;.VJlt  (l)<in«I) :'■•") 

S|.<-ai  r.ilU 1.1 

Sin-ai-tiNli  Sinker ■'-* 


Sp.- 


KnilHil 


l).-tii.-liahlf-li.iul 

K.-l   

Ki\cil-Iiia«l    '■- 

liarpooii w 

Iliirlo.1 » 

( >iiliirlLiii   iC 

(with  slriipsl Ni 

(M  itli  tlll-oW  ill;;-rilitkHI »* 

'MiniHtiii:; > 

SpiTi'-H  ui'  llsti  txliiliilt-fl  ill  1  III-  A  l]i-;:ri't  I  i  uii'l 
I'laiila  ii'tViifi-iiitorH  in  linvi'iniin'iit  liiiiM- 

iiiL'.  May  111  to  .\ov.iiil»T  m     ITW'l 

Spi(imiiif«  ol'  Aiiiri'iciui  i'>>iiitiii'rri.il  ■i|Kiii;ji-!i  1'^ 

Appanitiih  liM-  fiiUii  tiiii: '^ 

nl'Cowiv  (<\\prcii-  iiiom-ia) 3* 

ol'  M<'ilili-n-;ili<-.lli  .-poll:;)".   ^ 

III'  natiiial  lii^toiv.  ('oii>iitn)iti<iii 

oi \ :^ 

ot  pUiiils  torr.Mi.1    l'4'' 

Spickl.  lUliiiiU *' 

Sp.-iiii  Whalr 1- 

Aiiil-.-iiriisof -■' 

.iaw.iK.ii.- w*-:-" 

Ttilh  ot'  )l*livni-t*r  iii.ii'1-iMi'pli- 

!.lU^l ■ la^ 

Sj«-nii-4»U  ^ 


INDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


339 


Page. 

tEzportaof M7 

>tl 225 

£xport«of 2OT 

PrepuatioD  of 174 

•nd  wnx.  Imports  of. 207 

lUus  BiiDuUtas IG 

FiMnklini 15 

grammaras  (Bcccbji) 15 

BarriBi 15 

mrxicuiTU 15 

Parol... 15 

KichardMmi 16 

spiloaoma 10 

ter«tlcaodis !'» 

Townsendi 16 

tiidecem-lineatUB 15 

iaftasca 270 

nulicaps 270 

pt  Canuichaelii 271 

d« 22 

tborealfs 52 

picuda 03 

d(?) ca 

lygima 08 

e 08 

Bprcya 180 

'nbad«n 180 

iUkof 190 

Tfb 222 

I SO 

20 

(arline 161-102 

W 

EuriUa 4 

e 60 

»S-fl»h 88 

ecUiiHiides 208 

138 

170-171 

wrk 70 

kate GO 

li-waya 243 

U*nniiwliiia 271 

Jornt 2.;i 

tcnta" 223 

msa 86 

&c 2C3-2M 

.^paprican  oommcTciul,  Kpocimens 

of. 223 

Importa  of. 200  < 

UfditetrancaDt  Spcclmcna  of 223 

Propagation  of 248 

pUino 223 

itt,  plain  and  flut«d 101-102 

"dUng 138 

IIU 

to-ik«1cton  of  ferae.  Parta  of 199 

-kalTca 73-73, 7.> 

45 

>inr.tafled 45 

Bui 45 

C«0 41 

CoillBg 30 

niMtoh 24 

MikGdICpraift 28 


Page. 

Spotted  Skate 06 

Squctcagao 44 

Turbot 27* 

Wry-mouth 31 

Spflttwl^tinSlmrli 08 

SpifailiTS  117 

SiPrinfibirii-n*'tfl. 135 

Sjirlii^I-ilrMirti^pii. 134 

Springes 134 

Spring-guns 80, 135 

Spring-hookB 135 

Springs,  Stomocb 136 

Spring-woirs  (St  Lawrence) 130 

Spurs 142 

Siiui'liiiLli-iiU-iit.i   2C8 

"       filamentosa 288 

Squall 67 

Squalus  amerfcanua 60 

^^ijiLATt'-ilippi T  S4<iil  (Erignathua  barbatua) . .  6, 192 

SiitiillDaLhimiTJLi 07 

Sijuatlnidro 67 

Sfjueteaguo 44 

(SciiPBida:),  Isinglass  from 223 

Silver 44 

Spotted 44 

Squids 137 

and  cuttlea 251 

and  jigs 82,138 

Squlrrvl 44,00 

Califumia  Gray I4, 15 

Fox 14 

Gray 14 

Hair  of 217-218 

15 
15 
15 
15 
14 
47 
16 
15 
16 
14 
15 
16 
29 
■W 
183 


Harris' Ground 

Mexican  Ground 

Missouri  Striped 

Prairie 

Kwl 

K«Ml-raouth 

Ringed  Ground 

Itound-tailed  Ground 

Townsend's  Ground 

TuflM'ared 

Say's  Stripwl 

S«mora  Ground 

S<ioirrel  Hake 

Si|uirn>l-hookn 

Ninirn'KJnki^l,  and otbi>r small  roomraals. 

StJimlrt,  TUh  Cfmutdni^litu  178 

Stapling 170 

Slarflrib 203 

Stargazcr,  Xnkcd 32 

Star-uosetl  Mnln 14 

Star  Snapper 50 

Stationary  covers 141 

Staves 142 

Stvaniers 140-150 

Steaming 173 

>^t4j4i  ill',  Imports  of         297 

Sirarim-s,  IfMiu^aA'tuPnl 225 

"St«H-ltraiw" 134-135 

Stenogmmma  intorrupta 207 

StenotomuH  nrgyrujis 46 

Step  flshways. 242 

Stopbauulcpla  act  Ifcr 25 


840 


ntraz  OF  oiuBon.' 


BtotWt  ay  umnswisiitofrookMBft  MWlBBn 


MeUe-bHk,ViMir4vlMd 

lf«wToik 

Ten-^ned ••.. 

8tleki,Ciirred , 

Oloe  (fltar  ftotifirtng  anov-teri) . 

Bmled 

PuUns ............. ........... 

Stxmlsht. 

Thnnr ,...., 

8tin>hiatiii|^  X«ntiKB»  ftv 

SttngSay , 


MS 

n 


m 
«r 

m 
ar 
w 


Xlnr. 


Titreon  ■■*...  ......... 

8(ook-mak«n'  booe^  Ifamifluitiin  cf . 
BtoniMiii<spniifi...  a. .■*••■•••■...... 

Stoiw>liM^d  date 

Stone  kniTw , 

StouM  (Umnm  1^  tend) 

Shmg , 

Stool , 

pISMau , 


.     171 

.      IM 

71 

.  75-78 

87 

71 

.      Mi 

.      UO 

BtoeiM  far  osttbet  ajftt M8 

Btop^ng 170 

8topt,SV>ok us 

8tongfr>tnife:,BiiiMiiiB,Afuili  model 178 

Storer'B  FDfr-llih 35 

"Btodi" 187 

Stores J(J2 

Stowing  and  catting  in 174 

Sti-aight  kutvos 71-70 

sticks 87 

Strait-jacket  for  tipawning  aolmon 245 

Straps.  Cap 95 

Stretchers 16*2 

forkyak-lino 102 

"Stretchlng-iroDs" 171 

StriiicdBaHs 51 

Gopher 13 

Liparis 33 

Mullet 53 

Perth 37 

Forpolao 10,11 

ScaKobin 33 

Skunk 100 

Snckcr 61 

Stripcd-basa  tackle 90 

Strip«awinf; 173 

Stnmiatel(la> 43 

Stromhua,  ShellM  of 200 

Strychnine l^fi 

Staffed  birds 3<w 

BtuOniL  Hair  for 210  ; 

"Msporotion  of  1"!  j 

*uro  of 170-ni  ; 

onof ......  .............     1"** 

w 

}d - ^ 

, _ ,.     2Ki 

,.    ri 


B«^?faar4nttam  Vtei* , 
Sulphailiic  ..••.■.....■. 
Bmi'dryliif  appintiis .. 

Suipflili 

oO 

fhipiillri.  rrniimlmi  J 


toW'oeta  ....r 

8grf-t»ckl6  flv  tteowlim  md 


Smte. 


SinIlowa,eoealeiit»ir«0l»of.. Iff 

Swan  (Cygnns  omerlcanaa) W 

Qaillsof a» 

Swans,  Down  of tH 

SwoU-fish Jl 

Swimoiincbtrds,  Decoy  (tarred in  wood)...  13 

Swingle-tall tt 

SwIvc'U U7,lfl-lS 

Sword-fish. 9 

Itonoof W 

Salted M5 

Snckcr X 

Sycotypns,  Shells  of M 

S\-nnphobrancliidm 0 

Sj-nniihobranrhus  pinnatos A 

Sj-nentognatbi M 

S^-ngnothidro S 

Synguathus  Pecklamie , fi 

Rynodontldie M 

Syuo«lnH  fastens SI 

Syringc-gima  ............ •• 

Syringoa 24T 

for  iinjecting I'll 


T. 


Tabic- furniture 

Tnbb-8 

Tackk',  Angling..,. 

lUiaa 

r>liick-UasB 
r>bu'fls\i . . . 

1  l>ramng... 


10 

J» 

tf 

M 

K 

N 

N 

llj-ttsUins « 


INDEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


341 


Puge. 

cUe  fiirilsbhigbelovtm-fiuw 96-07 

Puqae  and  Cuttj-faimk  bass 06 

Bed-flsh 96 

Salnuni 06 

Shad 05 

Set m 

Stzlpcd-lMM 96 

fitirf                                 96 

iiB' BOjiasv-htMng 95-Oo 

Tide^nillng 96 

TroUtag 96 

Trout 95 

WhifflnfC ^. 96 

ndoton  UtenOia 37 

il,G<Mai 48 

ilHair 39 

BerHortins 60 

ilipike ,....  20 

How,  ExportB  of 297 

Imports  of ^6-207 

ipUm 13 

Be  decoy -branto 139 

decoj-daclu 130 

■lu  <{nDiIrlvititUm 15 


Uu-r-itis 
utritftus 


telM. 


Dtedge 

Harrow 

Oyster-bed  (see  tinder  B  12). 

Swiib 

Wbeel 


irith  Frefborj;  aenUlng  apparatoa  . . 


a). 


nm'  refuse,  Gelatines  from . . . 
Hatoc. ...,,.,......,,,,,,.,,,,., 

Icatber,  Processes  of. 

woiuS'liru-dcrl         

■nsdoB  rangifer 

nugifer  {granlandicus) . 


15 
14 
87 
87 
87 
243 
87 
87 

■ki 176,246 

247 
247 
J87 
172 
172 
260 


■PWS 50 

tt  lad  sireetoll  ointments 165 

lllUln(nj»l4:«l-cll)CtU« 20 

*t«B 30 

W^onltU 30 

*utti^iiliilpniiiatl«p*'ri!'«fl 36 

wiiiB  Of  i^lhlrfMlmg  Icalhtr,  Process  of..  172 

**ti7l'3m»t-flii.]j                    35 

♦li")"!  HOiBTkllllrt  4 

ttUemiat's  tools  for  stuffing 178 

■tidenay 178 

""Nt 170 

Wliof  alligator 100 

of  bears 107 

of  dogs 107 

offoxcs 107 

ofpccearios 107  | 

ofpeocs(7(IMcotyleaap.) 108  | 

■       ■  "  71 

190  ' 

108 
107 
26 


yttot  clubs 

•fihsrk 

sf  Hpennc's  hialc«  <  t '  b^  seter  inacrcpi?«'pli  - 
■Im)-  


Psee. 

Telescope-sights 03 

Telescopes 166 

Water 106 

Ten-spined  SticUe-bock 53 

TenthidldiB 38 

'l\'iit'*                       103 

Terrapin,  Diamond-bark ,.  21 

culture,  Methods  of 245 

Florida 21 

Ked-belUed 21 

Testudlnata 21 

Testudinidffi 21 

Testudo  Berhindieri 21 

Carolina 21 

Tethers 243 

Ti-tn»{)t^iirmi4L|hirlii« 39 

TvlroduDloT-Tigatui 3^ 

TfttrKMloiitiiln^            24 

Tt.'?:ji»]'«f|]i.'li>c-d  GoplivT     17 

Textile  fahruM 195 

fabrics,  Feathers  for 220 

Mannfacturo  of. 170-171 

Tbalarctos  maritimus 5 

ThuliiMac  \ii-]yn  invamm  22 

The  (-hasp  »ml  I  be  l!l!^hi'rii'» 71 

Tfao  FU]i  CummJKiioiiur,  Reports  of 233-237 

ThEef,  AVfltfT           161 

Thomomys  cluaioa 17 

talpoides 17 

Threarl  fifih.        ....1 42 

IttMiing 60 

Threiher            68 

ThiuatiDg-lfnivcs 74 

Tliront  iif  «ua-]irfii 215 

Throat-BiNidcs 77 

Throw-sticks 87 

ThruBting  prods 78 

spears 78 

Thumb,  American  Miller's 34 

TiiynitUliLn  tri'*.il'»r   68 

Tide-drailing  tackle 06 

Tiger  shark 60 

Tinder 230 

Tin  vessels 246 

Tipe.Kabbit 131 

Toad-flMh 32 

Tobacco-pipo  Fish 64 

Tobacco,  KUuflT,  used  as  prescrratires 178 

Topglt'-pin 101 

TolUns-baits 137 

Tom  Cod 20 

Tongs,  &c 85 

Coral 86 

Oyster 85 

Siiiike 86 

SiK>n;;c 86 

(two  liandl<-i4) 85 

TonguoH,  Cod'» 185 

Sultitl,  ut  liufialo,  d<*er,  horse 184 

aalt<Hl,  ImiKirtfl  of 276 

Tools -• 162,178 

Articulating 177 

Car\*ing 168 

Flaying 178 

Hand 71 


IXDEX   OF    OBJECTS 


Tool*  formnkSjiE  wtjllclalmai- 138 

Jlmli-liu-; - ,.-,,, — 

iiknipltiS..-. ,-»..*.17T-17K 

far  ^Inttiiig,  Tuxhlerniisla' .-,.  l!^ 

Tuutb'liWlkc^Qulill^UMMl  tllLliUlilDg  «,,.,..,.  ^0 

MiiifulTaiL-liiiwuf... 172 

TftiJ-iMlaa'itrbiiikkyK...,, .,..,  206 

Toivlieai ,.-. *-,.,,. -^-h, ,-,.,-- -.-  IfiT 

TefTM^iliiiUlB. •■ ..-i.., -..  6« 

Twrprnlrt.,, ..,,.....,^.......-  M 

Dl'^  111 vtLtolu < .. 06 

Tori»i'<U»«'«  . . —  .,,..-.,,-.., ^ -..  ISB 

T<rt1oljtl^*l)nH  iKn5(rBiMln>lj«aquiiiii0.ta» ....  2BS 

Cat , ---,  1S3 

l*repftnilton flf  ....-.-.-.--..  174 

TortmlM-,  Kna|tplDg ,. •  22 

tuwui  j.h<:lb  (TiwhiaffJ  ., - Sflfl 

TowImk-mi-U  .....--.-...„..... -  120 

ToWDM^ntl'A  UTOuntt  Squhrcl 10 

T*>w»,  mil]  ,_„_.,.._,.... _......,..  Iff 

TriM;™!-...* -  110 

Tr;i<:)iiirH|M  crttTneQnjibtbnlsmi  ...... ..^...  41 

TiiLi-li^tintiiie  cnnillliiia ....-..-  4Z 

"ivfttus ,.., , „.  m 

Trodf ,  ti-iM^ct:c-nB*ji7ll IM 

TrnUini^-in  trt - ,^.. „.  iSffl 

Trainmi-l  iK'tA *...^  IM 

TmDf<]Mtrratioa,  Mflhodp  of ...., 14^102 

TmutfiwrllnfiiiiipflnvtiiB  h*,^,..*». '247 

f^SH.  AitpmrntiinRMf-.... -.  217 

fiiHh,  Ap[iAnita«  iav  ...........  .^T 

Trapjiin],  Fjroirit . ... .  .,,...„,„,.  IW 

TTmi*  nill-ai-u I2n 

Tni  p-Cimii  iJ ,  VJ'J: 

TmiPpiBga .....„.,..„  106 

Hurae ]42 

Twpa, ......... ....... ,....„ 131 

BariT'l _..„..  lai 

BjUw 133 

*  Btuprl..-.. ,„,.,  )S4 

Eos...... ,..., ISS 

ClnUliinic ......,,..,.... 13| 

Cob-limiM  Ulnl 131 

Croa-fcbow  *_.,__.. ,. ,.,..  135 

CrnHliln^ .,..     .„  185 

l>*t(ir.,- , ..,133*134 

Thmbl*!  bns ,,,  133 

Eel 331 

Fflll,...,-„ _ 335 

F(Kii"*-foOT .,....„.. .. J3J 

with  liauging  dpoTB 1^ 

Hnrpixni, ,....,,,.,,.. 13*» 

JaiT^il jatja-S 

lAliTTrintb .1^1-133 

MlMllc 135 

MrOo 13.^ 

molr.  Jut  . . . . ...  ..r. ...,., --,,.,., ....  131 

XnWbi>]iiMi 131,  laTi 

XiMJ"*!*....^.^.,,.. „., 134 

T*-n 131 

rSeninj? 13S 

PwfcH ,.,-  13i 

Set ffl 

Bhrflf ..„....,.  W4 

Bbre  (rorblnlj*) ......,,  13W 


TdLpa,  SprlntF.(iMjr ..^., 

iiXvfi , 

'I'lirktiy'  _  _    ..„..,  H ,,,  ^ . . 

TtftWl-Unp  rwHrm .11 

Tub  fbr  |t.(Y  uuJpt  Tf»*fl.)     fl 

TViiwI-linca . ,-.. —^M 

Trnwl,  Ifawm  -  - .Ji 

{Tmwl.Otlw) ...-,..-.....».-...  J 

Tniwb .,..„„„.^^ 

Tnaya ] 

CiLno«r(CUTk"«) ,j 

Tnm^itfl  vith  airre-Wltam  .....J 

V«tllfal  ¥Ftit'-cUKl|--. ....«.j| 

*'Tn-a«lit«fib«rdW'  ,.,. *..ji 

Tppliiiltt ...._.,,...„,. .J 

Trk-bcchiJii:' a 

Tri(t)ll^^baM  tiuuuuitiA.,^.,,. 

Trti'blurida' ..., , 

Tiirhaiii^f  lc(*ttiruii 

Trif^boclkulioii  iiUjimiis  . ........... i,...i J 

T ritWiia,  Sbi^ltt  tiS — — f! 

TripUdw.., -.-. T^'-ffi 

TiHiiJiumfB,  LFAtliiT.....,,,..,.^....,^ 

Trlutiyctil'il'iv ',««t,*.^-T,,,;.^ 

Tri[ti-,  liiipnrts  nf ..**<«... ti*.(>f.JH 

Triiili^tail  Kliislisir ,,  -  - . .  Ji 

TrljMnl".  iinal  (.uintj,  C'amcn*  wilb  tirnlvl  A 

T]i[ialt,  liC  ,. "***d 

TrUiniTd'pLpnii'iliiloaiit  ...,..,-•.•- ■••■««4fl 

Trltmif^iLicliii  or.. ^.......oaJ 

TTa|]i:|>t!-tiIhMm4.  ..«.>....■.........  tM9 

'l'lt>lUlif-tJii:)di>.40»****w.- >^ 

Titntiliiidiaia  ily» ....« 

Tron^b»  -.. *.,, 

BmrkettB... ..„..„. ,.....,.. 

CbttR...... ,. 

(liiirel-bfrttoiD^ 

riiiiu .......,„,.„. 

■wiihflk'T'i'^bottOTQ  tmya , 

tir  tuliU'A  iflifr]tkli.in»  i'j:^l| 

\f  lUlniuBnii'ii , ,,,,.... 

Tnttif,ArtlflciiiJdk»f!M'.. ...... ........* 

Ilt^k 

Like.... 

jVumanmBh. ...,,,..... 

tlc^an ..,^. 

()<iniiBaa  ..., — 

Kivcr-... 

Hoclt 

t*rklp  . -. 

Trawbriflgtitt  Unit* 

Triiwclft _..,.........,,..... 

Trutnpi  E'finli. 

Tmiik  (Iwb... 

Trygoa  rcninira  , ,*„ 

"       bAsfnta. -.^< 

JHaMtjH-.....-.....,....,...^-.... 

TrjROTiiilH" .... ................... ...i 

Toiii^ ,,.. -. 

Tr;r-iK)U.,...  ^........,«...,., 

Tlibi^Sipbon . -'.. 

Tub,  Uur", 'n'half mon'A ..........*.. 

Tilbn,  (tr  .,.,.,. ...i;.-^ 

Tiibt*.  Lktlt.  vui t.  Ac *k.v-. 

Tub, MUitJu:!  ...... ............ 


INPEX   OF   OBJECTS. 


343 


Page. 

w(fleeTnwD no 

rrel 14 

lof 144 

i 40 

40 

pria 2flB 

28 

Dd 28 

27 

1 186 

it 219 

131 

173 

laof 2OT 

intu 10 

10 

r 22 

185 

22 

►Ul 22 

back 22 

lead 22 

228 

Green 22 

UawkabiU 22 

185 

II : 22 

185 

loth  elephant  (Elephos  pximl- 

) 187 

8 ; lOT 

(Bombfx  peinyi) 106 

130 

114-116 

82 

V. 

Inata 270 

ta 270 

271 

271 

rs'  bone,  Manofacturp  of 173 

144 

71 

*a 84 

32 

7 

18 80 

4 

ma 6 

* 4 

V. 

230 

(Bond) 245 

245 

177 

245 

ig 177 

245 

bolokka i 271 

142 

I  and  nMked 183 

iior 276 


Page. 

Vertebne,  Sbark'a 200 

Vertical  wire-cloth  trays 246 

Vesicatory  preparations  trma  beetles,  ice..,  231 

Vessels,  fishing,  Schooner-rigged 140 

Tin 246 

Vests 05 

Vesiga 184 

Veals 176 

Vicngnahair 105 

Virginia  Deer  (Cai-iacns  Tirginlanos) 8-0, 103 

Hare IB 

Viscera  of  bears,  Parchment  ftom 215 

of  hog 216 

of  ox 215 

of  seals,  Parchment  ftom 214 

of  sheep 216 

Vomer  aetipiunls 41 

W. 

Wad-cntters  (aceeasory) OS 

Wadding 02 

Bulk 02 

Waders,  Decoy  (car^■edin  wood) 180 

Decoy  (stamped  in  tin) 139 

Wads,  Prepared .    92 

Wagons 142 

Wallets  for  lines  and  other  tackle 167 

Walrus • 

leather 208 

Sinews  of ,  215 

Tusks  of 107 

Waste,  Bone  and  IvoTy 20(^201 

Water  Babbit 20 

Water-guns 00 

'Wiil4'r-[i']r4^{i[ii-4 llV 

AVater-thief Ji 

Water-proof  suits JD4 

AViiKryFInuiuVr '27 

Wax  (CoccoB  pehlah) 280 

Exports  of. '  290 

Imports  of ,'  290 

Manufactures  of. 290 

Ways,  Fish ..241-243 

Weak-flah .'..  44 

Weapon-holders /...  05 

Weasels a i...  136 

Hair  of 105 

Weaving 170-171 

Hairusedin 212 

worsted  cloths 170 

Web,  Spiders' 222 

Wpe<iuashiag  or  flrc-flshing,  Lantons  for. .  141 

Weighing-scales 92 

WcighU  (dropped) 87 

Hurled 87 

Slung 71 

Weirs,  Bar 134 

Eel,  with  Ivudcrs 132 

or  pounds , 132 

Kiver,  with  pockots 131 

Salmon  (Up|ier  Columbia  KlTer)  —  131 

Spring  (St.  Lawrence) IM 

Wostcoost  oysters SM 

Wcatem  Argentine M 


Tni»5«-lHmt  (Vfbalf-fiHbttlc*iK ,.....,      !« 

Whftlctwni*?  1'rnalim.a,  Mftnvifflolurc  of. 173 

Cabcruiaptiim  <it ,,.,, *^>.>^      390 

ll!»er .,.  - IW 

U&M. 115 

uurDufDctur?*,  Olliir >.,     174 

I'irrpMTitian  nf ......170, 173;  174 

«priuga,  'EikiiCiO .....--■      3^ 

On  maoiti'fu^tutvd  HtatQ)  , ao^t^IOS 

Whalfi.  Jk»tUfrl»«d,....-.... 12 

IkiwboAd ,..„...»...        la 

yinbMk la-ia 

uvd  Hull  oil,  ExiMFn4iUtdliupi3rtsof-SdG-207 

<ljtjHJ - 12 

Qny - 12 

llucopblkck ,.,.,..  IS 

rucJJjcltljht ,.- Ifl 

Torpoiftw  Sperm  .^........ 12 

Itlgllt „. M 

Scrags            ' 12 

Kburp  liPftdedFlniMir.... ^  18 

Saiirerb<r'*-.-"*<.— ^-' — •'  U 

Sp«nn. - -»- * -"  12 

giilphnr-bottam ^.^.^.,.,,  13 

VThifcfl.. ...,,..>-.- ---^ 10 

TniaJf-lnntM-jH.... - ,  'fl 

WtiJsle  liiif:  t3ra€.--..-H...,., ,..,...-...  117 

Wb&lt^oil,  Tnntmuuciiitd  utd  oitpliiscea  ot 

rrojlieiiug-^,-^. .,...-174-175 

B«ti«ctiaii  of  (wltU  medeliK . .  .174-175 

"WTinlp-epadi-a.,,..,,..... --".-. ..*..,,  7fl 

VriL4lK3DCS'AlMm1-4pSJlItr«.-'., > 'K 

tiib.Uae -  Ufi 

Tj<*iit4mt*:beU-,... .,...- 10 

tKut-knivtsa  .*.'> .r  "J^ 

',                     loolu  r,.,. ,....*.^  8J 

Tliflllfig-ptnift,...* * -....*  HI 

Whalwi,  Ac,  Oil  from ,..m-*34 

wLuUrtirroWB  fyf  bail'CbuiM .....,,...,  IM 

Wtitt^l.tiuigkR  ...,.,., " *^ 

If lifmuR  iaeltlo  ,..,,,...„,., ^ W 

Wtiptnaktri'  ilock  Sfiil  Trblps,  Mnnafiic- 

mw-tf .„..., * 17a 

wiiipB,i>oE..-* ,.„„,„.„.,.  lae 

TVtktH  Dofi ....-•..- _. .180-187 

WliiH^tsfckcd  Skunk 4 

WMt*Ilo« V -- " 

Bpm,...., "  5 

Cat IBS 

conJ^ptullD*) - 207 

Hftw-,,.  .-..^-. 18 

MuUet , sa 

P»fl..... 5«I3 

Perch "  Bl 

BabWt.., ^..... .....  — .,.-....  19 

Wlinle... * .-  W 

TTHte-aali... -- iO,KJ 

Chief  MoanUlB  Lake  . ST 

Hrrring.. „.......,  SI 

Oil ..,.-,..  327 

SlDAkfid "" 1S3 

^^Ite-fborted  MonRO .......  17 

^hitto^lmlrtd  FOTciipEiu  ■ --■ W 

inJlfrlMdcdGi^po!... - il 


WbltlBg 

Lftiu! ' — 

WMMfll«  duatrnntUiD  AjipuMU... 

Wills  iBpiulCJI  . ....- ...■ 

WljjB.  liiilruApd  fcc- -. 

WIlUMmHin'airoaBh*..... 

TYincIiM,  Giuiwftl*,,.-..  — —  --■-. 

Wlwdura .  ..^ -- 

Wind-gKUK^*  - ,„.,-.„... 

VludUut^^^  Sdoe ....--. 

WlsdDT  tind  plate  glw,  laf^Lurt 

far ■. ..,-..,,..... 

WiDH*  Df  ii«;ik« 

"WlDg-ehvIl,  BjMiMof  IFiuD*  tiAbC 

"WiDtoc  Fluandar....... -.-.. 

SliiJ 

Wire  fmmc* "-— — — 

Wc^lf  iCutiU  liipuBlf .....,..  —  -.... . 

L'Im  WH  of. ....... ..^. ...,, 

Wolf£»ii 

WoWuHnft  iGaln  Itiiciui)  ..*....... 

We>!vB»,  Tetftb  at. 

Woodtihuck  or  Siffiear  (Ai«Mb97«  i 

Wooden  oimocft -.v ........ 

InunM ,..,,,- 

Woodianil  Cuilwa  (TiuvniliMiiajr 

Wijai!-pawd«r 

Wi>.>dltat 

"^Wpl  »s  ranllrJU  for  pi^]«stA 

rK>ti»,  rn>iMirtiilJtm  of , 

ElLpnrlHof'.. 

OuuUng .„„„..,..,.. 

U luit's  (for  wigii^  &c4  ■■ 

and  liaU- 

ItiipflrUof ...,.,.. 

aiid  baff  nf  mammals,  rtcpa 

pt'llH,  Im^Ki^rtft  o(  . . ..,.. 

Sht*ii'» ,...,..,.._.. 

Rliivp'a  {im  akiu)  . ...... 

work,.,. --... 

Wfwtbn  «Tpe>U,  lExporU  «f ...,,, . 

TSi'fMimn*.... —  - -" 

Wurk,  IlcaoltR  of,  VmUA  S^fcei  1 

miMitiD „....,....,^..— -- 

Wurm» 

PtImI 

lutrntinnl 

and  Wcbrs,  ^orEoof' 

oi\A  li>n;h<4,  HBcful ........ 

Chtnili'Al  prodtict*  frmn  .. 

rM»pajp»t j«n  at-,, 

•-■WartPil"  And  uthrrtnadlag  tool* 

WiftFstcHl  chitli*,  W**Tiiig. . , , . 

Wrangplk  ptjakiHit* — 

Wri»t-ftuarilii 

\Vry-m<fU(b,  SpirlIcO ...-< 

Wunliuoauula  i^iitACM.t,,... ...... 


X^hldiontldn.. 
XipblidK 


INDEX   OP   OBJECTS. 


345 


T. 


k  (PoSpIuigiu  STQiuUeiis) . 
DovCnrallA 

Gopher 

KMkenl 

Pwch 

nke-perch 

TiU..... 

amr-flniwd  Gnmt 

How-fintodlfannot 

Oow-baized  PoicnpJiie . . . . 


Page. 
105 
41 
19 
42 
48 
49 
45 
47 
16 
IB 


Page. 
TcIIowtaaed  Spot 45 


Zaiophus  GlUiMpB 5 

Zipbildie 12 

ZipbiiiuB 12 

Zoarcea  angoiUaiie 31 

Zoniohtbys  fasclAtus 42 

ZonarUfiftTa ^gg 

"      lobate 200 


348 


INDEX  OF   CONTBIBUTOBB. 


P«ge. 

Conrail,  T.A 253.25«^2OT 

Cunwt^ll,  David 185 

Coot.  Capt  Caleb 224,225 

Cook,  Coleman 100 

Cook,  Etisha 80,100 

Cook,E.H aOO 

Cook,  Lemuel 82, 08, 100;  101, 121 

Cook,  TT.n 73,78 

Cooper,  J.  O IB 

Copley,  C 23,31 

Couch,  Lient.D.N 18,04,147,108 

Couea,  Dr.EUloU 7. 8,  H 18, 68, 67, 141 

Craein  &  Sheldon 147 

Cmndall,  C.H 107 

Crandall,  L.,  &  Co 116 

Crittenden.  A.  H 75, 78, 82, 63, 07, 00, 101, 117, 

123, 149, 109. 200, 258, 204 

CtTiok,E.K 185 

Crooks,  N 148 

Culbcrtson,  T 8,18 

Curley.  Iter.  James 84,80,116 

Cnrtia,M.A 30 

Cusfck,  Lieatenont 201 


Sail,  W.  H  . .8, 8, 10, 12, 76, 81. 83, 85, 88, 88, 82, 84, 08, 
100, 115, 131, 132, 134, 142, 144, 160, 166, 182, 
187.  201.  214, 216, 251, 232;  254. 258, 257, 266 

Donlell.W.C 286 

Barrow  Manafhcturing  Company 208 

DavlB,Mrs.A.S 265 

Dnvln,  Benjamin 250 

Davin,  Edward 75 

D«WRon.  J.W 2.W 

IV  Knc.-.  A.  II.,  &  <'o 2.'1.  -.'.''i,  l'.'»^  ' 

l)t-liiiio.  Oi'itrj;*',  &■  Co IT-'It,  'Jl!4,  2-''» 

Dclnii^'  &  Sinirt l.V.t,  ICO 

Drwiy 2Tv9  1 

Pix.m.  RoWrt '2:.:i  ; 

■'  I)<pl)-«iH  Club,"  throii;:h  Jud^-e  n..I«'Woll. . .        58  . 
Ddiltl.  r.  W 6 

Dmi::.-.  li.  T ir»;>  ' 

DiiwiK'S,  A 17 

Dowm-s*.  .Juliii !»*  ; 

Pciv...  Mi-s 1!W 

Dn-Hs.r.  J.W 11.'.  ; 

Dn-xl.i .  C 4.  n.  14.  Ifi 

Umiaii.  "W.  S L'.12 

Duu*  kl.f.  U.  L ICi 


Eaul''  rr^Krrvod  Fwh If^fi 

liatmi.  ]'r..r,  I).  T *jt;:. 

IMiritiiidK.  M.  C  'S-t~ 

Eawiir.l«,  V.  N  . . .  H',  n.  -J-t.  i;4,  '^7.  nil,  41,  4tl.  :.l.  .V.  i-.\. 

fti,  (W,  C!). 'J.>. 'jt:o 
Eliioit,  lL^v....^I^l, iiHi, ini,ii7, ij;m:!.M4i.  kh. 

1117, -Jii,- 
Elwi-ll,  Sainiifl,  jr. . .  .7:t,  7.".,  7(J,  119,  VS2.  \r<\,  ].':t,  l.'r., 

jr,o,  it>:..  ■_■> 

1^,  Maj.  AV.  II i:> 

aeer  Conw.  r.  S 10<) 

Ish,  "William 14f. 

no  Joe 144 

ka  ManuXacturing  Company iM 


STnna,Jolm % 

EiaHO B 

Sxplorlng  Expedition  U.S 22,8t;l00;ma 

F. 

Fadd«rdln,  A .'.     m 

FUrie,  James % 

Folia,  A.  J H 

Farlow.W.G SH,SH;a 

Feiner,  Lieut  John 0 

Fenner.C.A M 

Fergnaon,S.W g 

Ferguson,  lUJ.  T.  B 79;14II.S4Mi 

Flah  CommiMion,U.8..5, 10, 13. 38,37. 38; 41^51.111 
74, 75, 78, 80. 82, 83, 87, 81. 1  IB,  128, 128^  m  ML 
148,  151,  160;  106,160, 178, 188. 246Ct47.2«ca 

Flaher,  Capt  Jot M 

ntxhugb,D.H M 

rit«hugh.D.  L W 

Forest  and  Stream  PubliithiDC  Company . .  T4,  Mi  S. 
88, 101.  lOS,  114, 118, 121, 127, 12B,  138«  140;  lAlff 

Foster,  George  B 72. 73, 73. 117. 121,  lit9» 

Freeman,  Sanford 100.16S,mSN 

French,  E.B 123,134,13^13 

J^uUer.CB 2a  Kl 

Fuley,Cul.J I 

6. 

Gahb.  W.  M a 

Gardiner,  Capt  J.  W,T 1%18B 

Gaudet,C.P te 

GUIsslUi,  Dr.  J.  T 2!^ 

Gibbea,  I>r.L.B 

Glltbd,  Thco ...  .4, 83, 85, 00, 100, 115, 128, 110, 143L  »3rS 

CifTonl,  Toliii  n 1*  •? 

Oifliinl,  Tlioinas  J ]»    1 

CiUMtt.  E.  F. Ui{i.:-->i 

(lilliHfl,  J.  M 9 

< ; i  11,  Tl II -u 32  ^:.  L'J.ja 

(lilliiii,  I>r.  Ik-miml 7 

Comliil)'.  S.  L l>r 

(Hiorl.-.V.  (■ 21144 

GmMiv, *;.  Hiowii.. . .17, 10, •_'i,  :'4. :■'.  :w. i:. 44,44. 4i\ 
0(t.  .'>i,  .':i. :.:.,  fi»i,  i;:',  70. 79.  mi.  ini.  ii-i.  ij» 
i:ij,  ir,3,  mil,  n;i,  -jio,  21:.,  sin,  -j.'ai'TI 

(iftnlim.  AV,  Ali-x 'i'4 

(ioviTiiiin'iil  111'  X<-\vriiiniiUaiHl ( 

IJiivinior  iif  Xewfiiiiuillaiiil li*; 

( iott  .1.  F.  A r: 

(Iraut.M.W 77.  c.i,  ^1,^J,<>9.^'J 

(;riiv.-«,  F.  It i;.T 

(inivcp,  yn«U'iit.'k U7 


(;ri'in.i;.  I 

< In-Ill,  Si-tli 

Cii.  \i-,  Waltii-  A:  Cii 

(tiilliii  III  (I 

(In.M.i.F.  A 

Ciiir  ri>i{ini.si'  Fintiiiiy  ("niupany 
(^iiiutii.Miu.  ('i)iitaii) 


..      IM 

..    :;i4 

197.215 


H. 


ITainii",  .Tiili  a    2!* 

Halil.miiii.  Prnr  S.  S ;' 

Hall  Capt.*'.  V 7H.  W.  R4,  lOO.Ml.  V 

Uan,Kvv.E X- 


DfDEX  OF   CONTEIBUTOBS. 


349 


.». 14A 

100.  lUl 

O 'jsfi 

P 3M 

r.y. i» 

ri. « 7 

lont.* 1SO.S03,2&3 

uaitn aw 

r*M 0 

KftO». 2£t 
77 
.....»»^... Wt 

^ ^.„, 7. 8. 17.  JO,  lib 

it^64.14« 

..» 3M 

1^  L 14,  in 

^hlr  F<t|illui;  Boat  Cotiiivaiiy..      14.% 
H...a6l,ai4. 206,  £37, 300,  202.285, 371 

KS .901,210,310 

14 

AO 104 

10 

fc.,AC« ISB^IM 

133.134 

EA....»» 77, 81.  8Ei,  IRt 

■L^.. Ea$.287 

^B.....» 241 

~. 65 

llObM 130, 148, 1» 

P>  «■■«>■■*«■■*■•••■••••.•••••••         22 

B. M.90,»)l 


.-« 89 

...«..,.. 7a,7«,i4«.n5 

„.,.„....,„ 14-15  j 

..^... 3S3,253,'J0a  I 

aw 

.H 30.88 

JtCo...., 211 

AC« .^ 131 


Vmge. 

JohnMB.  F.  n t7.^,{l2.M 

JuiiaHuo.  CapLO.  A •». (3 

JnbD<inD  A  Yooas ISB^  133, 148, 1(W 

Juay.  I*.  I»uIb 138 

Judiir.  KtlwinM - JW 

JiuljCo,  IfUwIo  w. n 

KtHsTpiarA,  T.  Ct  AC» 906 

K«lM>y  &  IlMm«r IfiS 

Kpinp,  I>»y&  Co 1«5.35«),3«1 

Eonunlv,  Andrew 110,101.100 

Kcnnrrlv.  Dr 0,10,143,100,108 

Kiumioolt,R l«,08,100.1Jfl,184.138.«». 

lOa,  210,310 

Krniukrd,  Cbttrlcs  W 205 

Kfiit,  D.  *• 18 

Klinb»U.Dr.J.P 3M1 

C.J.  Kins 18 

Kin«.  Ueut.  y.  W tt 

Kins.  W.S U 

KIrby.  nuttihhrpyS a.KI.Ul 

Klrltby.  W.  W U9 

Klrtlimil,  Dr.  J.  P U 

Knox,  S.  K Si 

Kobo,  fiaatiir .S].968,aSQ,tf8;2M.Ml 

Koiuitli.  H nt 

Kridrr,  JobD 180^140 

KnrU,  T.l) an 

LBta)t,J.M ai 

I.aiitnim,C)UHl«a tU 

Lb  l*ftt«,wraiam ».....„... .ni.M 

Lutlu.C.  H as 

l^lli>ttn,.riiinpa  EI ....13, 13S,  141 

Lawler.  JiMipb 140, 17S 

LkwivDr^.  Alfred t 10 

Ijitirrner.  Araod SN 

I.rfNivf>nwortb.  J.  H ^„         ■$ 

I^Ib.T W 

LMtumLUL.....^.. 121 

Lralcy.A.3C - loO 

I^iUi«,C.(; 4S 

LcTcy,  J.  A. to 

1«wJai,G<Mn-|teH 99 

LoirlA,  WiUUiD Dt 

Lfncola,Ge»ri;«  T 201,201 

l.lrprjKul  Free  Public  UuMom 20,80 

LuccJawin 07 

Lyman.  ThMHiore 287 

L^-miui,  WUliom..... IM 

UMr,E.A&F 70, 78. 81.  IM.  101 

lUknmboU 2e«,2ia 

Uaciii,  J'ttlB  H 101 

Muuflelrt,  U.  H.  Jt  Co 114,110 

Maruy.L'niitaLa 10 

lUnlu.Ciipt  S.J 99 

K»rrlti  BnM.  &  Ilartlrtt Z1«,22T 

]diuuuichiuK>ll«  Anna  Company 90, 01,  OS,  iM 

Mattifr,  Fml  .., 30,51^240 

M«lhcw.G.ir -iS^t 

AUtlMwa,  I>i.  W 144 


350 


INSBX  OP  CONTRIBUTOR8. 


Vast- 

MrHrMc.Karn  J « 102 

JtfiCdl.'It,  Vliuilil 7i 

iitfCU.u.A.0 24« 

Urt'unly,  Alrx.. .  .72,  75,  HO.  IM,  101,  IS^  ItiO.  ISI,  102 

MdhjoitM,  ai 24a 

Mt-UniuiUI,  AllunL ....ll^ltiEi 

'MrKitiMpu.  F - - ISO 

iliKudsu,  Malcolm H»,  Uw 

llJicyarlaii*',  R 6,  lA,  75,  Kl,  «(k  00, 100, 115^  IM, 

127.  I!tf),  18«,  IH  KB,  1(10.  !m^»»3, 206. 215 

UcPnrUn>^.  R  K U 

McKvuult',  U 2|T 

Mri^ichiiii.  w.  n. is: 

McUmmi.  m'%*.  R.  a H 

MiirtUnil  Aciidcmy  of  Sctonco 00 

Mrnk.  V.  » UAIJ^VM 

UcgloT.  J.  a.  A  Co „ 18MiM 

Mclgs.GtnfmlU.C *^ ,,.        «S 

^rr(-hiiui^pi)ih[i ji.m.va 

MetTill.  tir.J.  (J „ 6,21 

Jhf IdillfvUiu.  < 'annoa  *Co 2S 

MllM,(ic«>r?e  W fMK  M,  >1T.  218,  311,  xn,  33J 

MmiT,I>r.CA B57 

MUuor,  J.  W .21.  4fi,M,  OO.  fU,  122,  ISS.  140. 100, 

23.M';i7,'Z]IO.  241,  2110 

Mliwr.Dr.T.T 4, 89,  W.  80,  07,  IMk  12(^ Xl4 

MCUttauBO]!.  H.  B 7 

Mu(in\  'i' tiiittuiM 8T.  30 

MorrU.  \rmiaiu 00,111 

ViiWB,  WUlluuiB 204 

Moll,  Mra-CK J0a,220,2iM 

Miino,  J..  &  Co 22a 

Uiucum  of  Compantire  Zoology se^M 

KftMCl.P 101 

XAtttmal  TuiUtutloD •..—  ..4,5.12 

XiiMdiiAl  l'rt-M!n>inKCuinpiuiy, .....,....*«••      KG 

JitUm.  E.  W S40 

KowbrxTjr,  J.S i 0.16.20 

KkbttU,  J.  A ft4«M 

>  irkrrwn.  George  Y..10,  (0. 84. 117. 107,  IM^  1*0. 200 

Iffir*.  KoMUth 3ii 

HvrmiHt.  A.J    .,..,", M 

Iforrls,  Tbaddpos 120,  IXI 

Ifortb  Aroerkao  OilCofli|utay 224,227 

North  Pariflo  Etjilunnj;  J^iLpMUIfm- l:r7,  VM 

»w  Voik  Coiulctutod  Uilk  Cumiiaujr  ,.,.-lgx,'JSIt 

O. 

OJ«-ll.P.T XfS 

Oniou,J.3 «.,..«...         7 


pMlanlA.S^jr sas 

}*a«f\O.S u 

rnlTorr,  E 0,  M.  97.  09,  89.  m,  87,  flfl,  OB,  M, 

141,  14.1,  l&O.  imi,  le:*  IK4,  ia.\  200. 
20O.SI0,21',r.'4,2S«.383 

pAlmrr.  Jovrph jj 

raliiHT.  W Hf 

V.'i    ■  "  "flum M 

I  I  »....    sso 

I  '•  D 1.1= 

I»i»nMmii.  JiHi.  jr „ 82,101,117,  !i 

rPa>-no.M.U « 181,. 


Pmbody,  Gc^rgoB •^^..^..-.^ 

1'mU.X.  U .*.—.„«„ 

iVltuii.  W.T ^^ « 

I'rt^TMiu,  N.  C •„     SC 

IVyn<r,  Ciirl... »..,.»m..    Si 

P«lli*nl,KO 11 

I'udii'  A:  Uutit....... ..  m 

I\ip*-,  <;npt.  J .«......,„...      t^ 

rurUiiwl  riulUug  Camittt«7..,.,..Ha^lHlAW 

0.M 

PottoT,  T.  A  K.  U ai 

Pfrttrr.  Ch«Tl«i  T ».-?.....«.» 

P.*,tt.r  Wwk«    ...>     a 

l'u«i.ii,MtO  J-W w,so,o&,i2;,ua,)om3> 

Powell,  S CliS 

Puwora,  HteiitMUi.tia,  0^  00.  It^  lU^  tfi^  IH  U IM. 

103wlM.IBX9ka> 

PhlliufT,  Ellhu ;....      B 

riait,w.  n ,...««... w 

Priiir,  WiIIUdi.  Jr.,  *Uo  .*»••.*•«.«»«»•     S 
i'uLaaii).  F.  W... .^... ..,-..      Si 


RiiDaul[))i..S4>pilti)la.  Hf« ,.^«.-.    U 

Rviiilntrti'D  &  Suiu,E...........„„.*.Mi'.  ^1 

Rcnfh'w,  G.  K UH,I«*,Wni 

KrufW<w, U.  H.. &  Ce....lO,aB,  lWin,IHklB;» 
21^X14,^10; 

Rlrb.Xrwori  n ■ 

RiilmrO.J.  U tti 

Rli-linnliuiti.  Jaoic* HXw4.X 

Ui.lfc'way.  Itolirrt latl^SBI 

Riu)c.J.ifut.F.M ........V-ISLUII 

I{n>lfi(>r».  Ilt-rlirft  IC  4  Co ..».. 

K(nl|<nn»,Ciii>l.  JoliB A  A' 

It<itfiTH,  r.  W „ 3fl 

lC«M,It.n 4,  IS,  80^  00, 00,  UM4X  MM  1*1 

Rou  &  llj*nlr«ly .......»M« 

Rom,  It.  B 

Row,  W.  A.,  &  Bra >...... .3".* 

Rnr.1).  JohB ...»_...+,* W 

Rvtbr.J.  T .......»...^ 

RothrorlcJ.T....^..^ „.«^,« 

Rune,  Copt  E.L tlTlM 


SolWmrr.S «« 

Sunai'l*.  E ^. ........ ....... 

Kan,  I'mfCO 

Sortdriti*.  Dr.. .....«.•...< 

Sowyrr,  E.  A 

SramnHin,C«trt.C.M «' 

ty  ItM-hl  4c  Unw Iail  i 

Srliuffpr.  K .,..« 

Schux*^  Broo 

Schtrtl.Df 

84-liiiltx.  Ali^tantkir 

Ht-htuuitrbcr.  I*ant ...... ...... 

S«_M>tl.A  It.  A  Co 

N^uvillc  tt  Johmon 

8rn]ifiiun,  J.  K ■ 

tVrvjr.J- A 

rtlWry 

.^liiiiu.in  I'upf.  J.  H.,,.,,..,,,,, , . . 


■M*ph „, 


IKDEX   OF   CONTRIBUTORS. 


351 


Vmgt, 

Tmwlffiflcf.Uea'fW.P •« 17.180 

TwiM,  Mnjur < 

U. 

rod..nro(Mt  i  C<. I«,m.lB5,2M 

rn(t4>rwo4til.  Wmiam '.'61 

VulU'iI  htutpa  Xurifapru  BouDiUty  Surrny..         T 

V. 

VBU-oiinf.  M.  L i«; 

Vttnm..r HIUIM 

Vi-lU.  l»T  J- w •«.«.« 

V..rTm.A.fi.- 2W,  287.338. 201,  2« 

VmllLC  B =W 

Vlrllo.W 15 

Vwi»,AJiflph 7».T5.77,aa.lT0 

Wftlkw.ItanW 130 

W»lUco.John fl,IO,I^JW 

WnllbHiQ  &  iftnliam ••       W 

Wiir  OrpHMmrul M 

Waul.  U.  A «. -5.0.I«.2l,UT 

WArrrii,  LU-ut.  C.  K — »,#«,M 

Wrtrb, Omr]£«  .................•..••■••—•  A 

Wc-Iplrr.  Itr> *kW 

WmoUIi  1.  Wamlel »• 

W"c*ii»rWrjirr.  VniBk SfO 

Wralitu.  WiUliuu  H W0.I6J 

\niii«.j  !i. '^'-a 

M'lif<-lrr.  L4«>iit  GM>r>p»  M LM 

WliivUr,  W.  P -... 7 


244.347 

.iA,M,1ia,n.  53.  M.  fl.\ «T,  fCV.  UV, 
,1R.S10tXU.Zia,340.Z41.-.'4l}.247  I 

WJ 

I3D,  UO 

„* a*o 

.,..,,. sw  * 

a.\44 

0-40^  m,  H  9a,  00,  im.  i  lo.  ii7, 

tIM,  in.  194.  UR,  Ift.'',  IPC.  »1.  ^02, 
U14.  '.Ifi.  222,  l&l,  337. 2U 

147 

^ 7 


M 

Willie  M«nufitrluriiig<'<iiniMmy 141 

Whitr.  lir.J.ll 141,143,144 

■White,  LIcuL  J.  W 11« 

VTliltnt'y  Aim*  Ompiiny W»l 


13»,140  I  W!ili>i>kl.li'ul  A.W 

7.W 

W.SI7 

.01. 282,354, 230.  :iCS 
300 


i « I10.123.1M 

fdQwffSvR S^HlMfD 


T. 


,..., 40 

[ 13,7<,7S.IJ0 

ti - IM 

K ^ "".         H 

C  ft  C*..» 1M.1V1 

,„ Ml 

r.S 2JT.  IM 


WUooi,  Crl«*ml«w  i  Co 73. 74. 0, 80. 117,  IS, 

iZii.iso.iso.ut7.iaft-iei 

Wlkox  Tfttwipry 2Ct 

WilVuiM.  William.  &  Co 218. 2H 

WUIiMum.  UHrfD&Ctf Ktf 

wmuuj(Krtt,UfuLas..« is 

Willi-,  J.  n.. ....--     i« 

Wiiiuots , «o 

WOmib,  Dr M 

Winniii*.  J.  Il»>*"t 11* 

Wliii-1ir»tri  ttrpmUDfi  Arm* 91.03 

\Vllkta,I.l«^uii!U4iui IM 

WUkr*.  Opt.  rhurlMi B.  to.  02.  L43.  H7. 108 

Wrtoilfonl.  PhiU|i  R. 203 

WuJti.fi.W iw 

W..ll.,T.N 1W,1»4 

W«Kl.  W,  P - « 

WwMlhuii»i',  Poctor "...  I*.W 

■Woodlpnl.  I'liUlp  R 201 

Wvrtb.Ju)in,  ^  Hra 235, 230, Z:^  23ft 


Xantaft.Jot>n 10, 2U 

Y. 

Viimm.lI.C  4a,4I.M.lA»8 

ToUDg.  A.  K 305 

Yuuns.  W.H !«• 

YoiinB.W.  M , 8^  or,  1(8,  in 


^cpctrfniciit    of  ilic    2^nfcvior: 

U.  S.  ^'ATIO^•AL  MUSEUM. 

10 


BULLETIN 


01*  TIIK 


SITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MTSEl  M. 


C'lNTfMIUrTfONS  TO  THK  NATUKAT.  IILSTORV  OV  AUnriO  AMEItlOA. 
MADK   [N   CONNI'XTION   WITH    THE    IIOWliATK 
POliAK  EXPEDITIIJN,  li;77-/8. 


UY 


T.T  ni  \V\  a     K 1 '  M  T.TT'^.TsT. 


.NAii-ii.M.i-ii  or  tin.  Kxrr.iiiiiON. 


WASH  INC.TOX: 
G C  V K li  N  M  !■:  N  T    I  I '  <  A  11  M  J     < » I*  V  I C 


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11 


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^«pariTn«ni    of  fhe    53nicriors 

U.  S.  KATIONAL  MUSEUJL 


15 


BULLETIN 


OP  THE 


UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


^"0.    15. 


PUBLISHED  USDEE  THE  DIRECTI02f  OF  THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTminON 


WASHINGTON': 

aOTEBlTM£NT    PBINTINO    OFFIOB< 
1879. 


ADVERTISEMENT 


This  work  is  tlie  fifteeenth  of  a  series  of  papers  iutende 
the  collections  of  Xatural  History  and  Ethnology  belo 
United  States,  and  constituting  the  National  ]\Tuseum, 
Smithsonian  Institution  was  placed  in  charge  by  the  act  <] 
August  10, 18^6. 

It  has  been  prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Institution,  a 
authority  of  the  honorable  Secretarj'  of  the  Interior. 

SPENCER  F.  E 
Secret<iry  of  the  Smithsonian 
Smithsonian  Institution, 

Washington,  April  16, 1879. 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


TO  THE 


NATURAL  HISTOET 


OP 


ARCTIC  AMERICA, 


MADE  IN  CONNECTION  WITH 


THE  HOWGATE  POLAR  EXPEDITION,  1877-78. 


BT 


LUDTV^ia   KUMLIEN, 

KATUSALI8T  OF  THl  EXFXDITIOS. 


WASHINGTON: 

OOTBBNHENT     FBINTING    OFFIOE. 
1879. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


IWTRODUCTION,      By  LCDWIG  KUMUEX 

Ethnolouv.     By  Ludwklt  Kuuliex .*.* *** 

Maumai^.    By  LrDViiCf  Kt"Mi.iE?f ,,,.,,_-,,*.* _. 

BlRI>3.      By  LlTliWIG  KtlMUES *^. -........-.,, -.*«*-** ^.., 

Fisiizs.     By  TiiiUiT^JN  H,  Deax    ,^ * ---*-* *.--- .*.... 

Cnt'siTACKA.    By  S.  I.  Sjnru 

ASNCLICES.     By  A.  E.  VtlRttlLL ^, 

MoLLUSKS.    By  W.  H.  Daix ^_ 

MoixrscoiDg,     By  A.  E.  Verrill ^»..  .„...._..,-_.., . -.,.... .,^.» 

Rai>iates.    By  A.  E.  Vebwiu.*.^*.. --,,..-.--.-.. ^---^, ,,....- ,;„, 

LN'SELTat  DrunSAL  Leffdoptera.    By  W.  H.  Edwaju>9* .*,.*-•*--, 

Insects:  Hymenopteba,  Nocturnal  Lepidoptera,  Diptera,  Coi^opterat 

Neukoptera,  and  Arachsida.    By  S.  H.  Scudder  and  others 

Plants.    By  Asa  Gray 

Lichens.    By  Edward  Tuckerman 

Alg.e.    By  AV.  G.  Farlow 

Minerals.    By  F.  M.  Endlich ; 

4 


INTRODUCTION 


By  LUDWIO  KUMLIEX. 


The  vessel  conveying  the  Howgate  preliminary  Polar  Expedition  waa 
the  "Florence"  of  New  London,  Conn.  She  is  a  fore-and-aft  schooner  of 
fifty-six  tons,  anA  was  built  in  Wells,  Me.,  in  1851,  for  mackerel,  and 
was  suhseqaeutly  used  as  a  sealer  in  the  sonthem  seas. 

Althongh  a  staunch  and  fair  sea-boat,  as  far  as  her  diminutive  dimen- 
Bions  could  allow,  a  less  suitable  vessel  for  the  puri>ose  could  hardly 
have  been  chosen.  To  say  that  she  was  too  small  for  thorough  scientific 
vork  covers  the  ground,  but  quite  fails  to  convey  a  proper  idea  of  what 
drawbacks  all  scientific  labors  were  subjected  to  on  this  account. 

The  schooner  was  fitted  out  in  New  London,  and  sailed  o^  the  moru- 
ipg  of  August  3,  1877,  unfoi*tunately  at  least  two  months  later  than 
desirable,  had  her  object  been  purely  scientific. 

The  piimary  object  of  the  expedition,  by  Captain  Howgate's  order, 
was  to  coUect  material,  skins,  skin  clothing,  dogs,  sledges,  and  Eskimo, 
for  the  use  of  a  future  colony  on  the  shores  of  Lady  Franklin  Bay. 
The  secondary  object  of  the  expedition  was  scientific  work ;  and,  thirdly, 
whaling  was  to  be  one  feature  of  the  cnuse. 

So  fir  as  the  primary  object  is  concerned,  the  expedition  was  as  suc- 
oessfiil  as  could  be  expected:  a  large  amount  of  skins  was  collected 
and  made  into  clothing;  the  services  of  sixteen  Eskimo  were  secured, 
who  were  willing  to  accompany  the  coming  steamer  north waixl;  nearly 
thirty  dogs  were  seciu^d,  and  several  good  sledges,  with  an  ample  sup- 
ply of  whales' jaw-bones  for  shoeing  the  nmners  for  some  years. 

As  has  been  stated  by  Captain  Howgate,  "  the  peculiar  nature  of  her 
mission  lifted  the  enterprise  from  the  level  of  an  ordinary  whaling  voy- 
age to  the  higher  plane  of  geographical  discovery."  livery  one,  except 
the  scientistB,  had  a  "  lay"  in  tb*  voyage;  and,  so  for  as  tlio  crew  was 
concerned,  their  "lay"  was  to  be  their  only  renmneratiou ;  as  a  natural 
conseqoencey  whaling  became  the  primary'  object  to  them.  The  expe- 
dition was  al8o£Eurly  successful  in  this  direction. 

As  tai  as  t2ie  Bcientific  work  is  concerned,  some  valuable  work  was 


done,  esi>eciaUy  by  Mr,  8hermaa  in  meteorology ;  still,  nearly  all  Uie  ifiteth 
tiflc  labors  were  prosecuted  imder  very  tli&comugiug  coudltiotij^ir  Tbe 
lack  of  any  place  to  woik  in  ^vo.  a  suow^iut  ou  abore,  in  which  uelther 
sufficient  light  nor  beat  was  to  be  obtaiuetl,  vendei-etl  it  very  difScuU  t« 
prosecute  certain  investigations.  The  kite  date  of  sailing  and  tbe  t-ArJj 
departure  ^tpm  the  \rinter  hiirbor  deprived  as  of  the  most  tuti*n»tio^ 
and  profitable  season  for  scientific  research. 

The  outward  trip  presented  uotUiug  to  break  the  iistiiil  monotony  of* 
long  sailing  voyage;  fogs  and  lii^ht  winds  prevailed  till  ofi'  tbe  iiottliof 
Hesolution  laland^  when  a  strong:  northeast  gale  was  eucouutereil.  Tbc 
schooner  was  heavily  loaded  and  j)oorly  trinimetl,  so  tbat  some  wmmi- 
ness  for  safety  was  naturally  felt,  especially  as  we  were  closti  irfthon- 
among  icebergs  and  rocUs,  in  a  thick  fog  and  on  an  unknown  coast.  One 
boat  was  stove  in  and  a  few  barrels  of  provisions  washed  from  dt*t; 
otberwise  no  damage  was  done. 

The  iirst  anchorage  was  in  Niautilie  Harbor^  on  the  western  &hore  of 
Cumberland  Soimd,  September  11^,  forty-one  days  after  leaving  >'ew 
Loudon.  £^mo  natives  were  secured  here,  to  assist  in  whalijigj  and  all 
their  worldly  possessions,  including  dog*,  sledges,  lK)ats,  &c.,  were  iakn 
upon  the  decks,  and  the  schooner  weighed  anchor  and  started  for  tJie 
opposite  siile  of  tlio  sound.  A  short  stay  was  made  at  the  Kikkenou 
IsIandSj  and  ou  tbe  0th  of  October  the  Floreuce  drapped  anchor  iu  tlie 
little  harbor  of  .Vnnanactook,  ut  about  lat  07^  X,  long.  GS^  W  W. 

AnaugeiiK'Uts  were  at  once  begun  by  Mr.  Sherman  and  myself  to  ertct 
a  shelter  that  would  serve  lor  an  ob:^ervatory  and  geueml  working-place; 
an  eminence  on  a  little  rocky  islet  iu  tUo  harbor  was  chosen  for  tJiis 
pnr|)ose,  and  our  tent  raised.  lustnimcnt-shelters  were  erected,  and  tin; 
meteorological  work  began  in  earnest- 

A-a  soon  as  the  suow  became  eonipact  enough,  ife  engaged  the  Eskimo 
to  build  a  snow  house  for  us,  in  T\'hieh  our  tent  ser\'ed  as  a  lining. 

It  was  often  tlilhcult  to  get  from  the  .ship  to  the  shore  ou  account  <rf 
the  ice  or  unusually  stormy  weather. 

AVe  iriiiu'oved  every  npportunily  ut  this  latt.'  day  to  secure  !^i»eciTiieiis; 
but  as  tbe  ice  soon  formed  over  the  sound,  our  endeavors  were  fiurlrom 
satisfactory,  especially  as  we  were  unable  to  i>rocm'e  a  boat  with  aay 
degree  of  certainty,  as  they  had  to  be  kept  iu  readiness  for  whaling. 

The  winter  was  spent  by  Mr.  Sherman  iu  taking  observatious;  and  to 
H'om  the  manner  in  which  he  assiduously  ap])lied  himself  to  his 
night  and  day,  through  all  weathers  and  under  the  most  disooor 


circnmstanees,  the  results  of  liis  labors  cannot  fail  to  be  very  Viil- 
Ieand<lo  justice  to  Mr.  Sboi-maii'.'i.iiiJefatigrable  i^ersevei-auce  ami 
(schoWy  attainments.    "Wo  spont  our  time  in  procuring  and  talking  care 

fptvimcns,  as  well  na  taking  our  "watch"  at  the  observatory  wheu 
too  busy  with  other  work, 
from  our  peculiar  sun-oimdings  and  the  isolation  to  which  wo  wero 
iy  subjected,  we  lost  much  of  oar  wontM  euthnsiasm  during  the 
Ttreary  winter,  and  foiuid  rest  only  in  continual  work. 
10  spring  of  1878  was  stormy  and  backward,  and  th^  prevalence  of 
therly  gales  kept  the  ice  closely  packed  about  us  till  the  fore  pait  of 
Jdy.  Tliis  treacherons  condition  of  the  ice,  and  early  depailai*e  fi-om 
H^  winter  harbor,  robbed  um  of  any  opportunity  to  i>rosecute  extended 
^■aFclicA,  except  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  harbor;  thus  the 
Hk  valuable  season  was  coni])letely  lost  to  us. 

'  TIh.'  Florence  left  hex  winter  harbor  on  the  0th  of  July,  having  all  the 
ci)ll(Sft«i  material  for  the  ftiture  Arctic  colony  storetl  in  her  hold,  and 
sixteen  E^skimo  and  twenty-eight  dogs  on  deck. 

In  the  unneeessniy  h;mte  of  departureniany  valuable  preimrations had 
to  l>e  abandoned  for  want  of  lime  to  gel  them  aboanl,  as  well  as  space 

tore  them, 
lortnloppages  were  made  at  two  or  tbive  jtoints  on  the  outward 
age  from  the  sound,  nn*!  on  the  1  Oth  of  July  we  nmnded  Cajie  ^Icn-y 
»imI  took  the  pack-ice  of  Davis  Straits.  It  was  on  this  day  that  the 
"rfiooner  received  the  bump  which  afterwanls  cost  us  so  much  trouble 
ami  anxiety. 

Tbc  [Wick  proved  to  be  quite  loose,  but  extensive,  aud  the  does  rather 

Bhil,  but  the  winds  wore  invariably  contrary  aud  quite  stiff,  and  the 

^ntcmt  impenetT:dde  fog  made  the  navigation  dangemus  and  tediom^; 

*«  wen.'  ofteu  obliged  to  tie  up  to  a  tioc  and  await  a  '•  lc4i(P  in  tbe  pack, 

irffftlio  lifting  of  the  murky  fog  veil. 

^poUhavn  Harlxir,  Disko  Inland,  Greenland,  waa  ivache<l  ou  the  3l8t 
'"'wJiily.  We  were  all  in  high  spirits  in  anticipation  of  news  from  home^ 
lot  the  pi\*sen4'.e  of  the  exi>ected  exifcdilion  steamer.  Of  course  the 
dlNappoiutment  was  sorely  felt. 

advent  of  the  expedition  was  awaited  with  great  anxiety,  more 

ciuUy  as  no  word  Imd  l>een  sent  us  via  Dciunark,  so  we  natumlly 

d  the  vonsiI  or  \csxcls  were  brlatcd  fi*oni  s<imecaus<»;  but  when 

uf  wailing  brought  us  no  news,  the  ancliur  was  weighed,  and 

^»flt  ou  a  course  for  Cumberland  once  moi-e,  to  return  the 

effooti*  to  their  country. 


ESE.  and  blew  a  gale.  For  four  days  tbe  schooner  lay  I 
close-reefed  storm-sail,  while  the  hatches  were' battened  d 
poor  natives  in  the  hold.  We  were  entirely  at  the  mercy  of 
and  drifted  with  the  sea.  An  unpenetrable  fog,  with  hes 
tinned  the  whole  time,  and  we  were  drifting  among  hun 
■  bergs,  but  luckily  did  not  come  in  contact  with  any. 

On  the  27th  land  vras  sighted  on  our  starboard  quarte 
quent  obse^^■  ations  proved  us  to  be  in  the  mouth  of  Exeter 
had  drifted  completely  across  Davis  Straits. 

On  the  31st  of  August  we  agniu  anchored  at  Xiantilic,  i 
ingly  landed  our  passengers  and  all  their  goods,  and  e^joy^ 
of  rest^ — rest  from  the  howling  of  wind  and  wave  and  froi 
musical  squall  of  the  juvenile  Eskimo  and  the  fiendish  howl 
We  could  also  enjoy  the  luxury  of  clean  and  free  decks  oi 
first  time  since  June. 

On  the  12th  of  September  wUling  hands  headeil  the  Flore 
very  glad  indeed  to  near  the  long-wished-for  shores  ol 
States,  but  little  dreaming  of  the  terrible  passage  we  were 
counter. 

We  started  with  a  fair  free  wind,  which  soon  increased  t 
as  the  size  of  the  schooner  forbid  scudding  with  more  than 
breeze,  we  were  obliged  to  heave-to  for  two  days.    From 
the  2Gtli,  when  we  made  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  we  w* 


INTRODUCTION.  9 

head  sea.  We  vere  somewhere  off  Sable  Island  at  the  time,  our  exact 
bearings  bemg  unknown  to  us.  The  pumps  were  kept  manned,  and  dili- 
gent search  made  for  the  leak,  but  without  avail.  Such  a  condition  of 
a£Eairs  cast  a  shadow  of  gloom  over  the  whole  company:  our  provisious 
gone,  ship  leaking  badly,  and  not  knowing  at  what  moment  it  might 
gain  on  us;  the  elements  in  all  their  fury  let  loose,  so  that  we  were  en- 
tirely in  their  power,  drifting  helplessly  at  the  mercy  of  ragihg  billows, 
without  knowledge  of  our  position  within  a  hundred  miles.  On  the 
evening  of  October  25,  Thatcher's  Island  lights  were  sighted,  and  the 
Florence  seemed  to  have  become  animated,  for  with  a  fair  2^\V.  breeze 
she  sx>ed  like  a  thing  of  life,  and  before  midnight  we  saw  the  reflected 
lights  of  Boston  on  the  clouds,  and  the  next  morning  dropped  anchor  in 
ProvincetoWn,  Mass.  Provisions  wcto  secured  and  some  slight  roi)air8 
made. 

On  the  morning  of  October  30,  the  Florence  lay  alongside  of  the  same 
dock  she  bad  left  fifteen  months  before,  every  man  brought  back  alive 
and  well. 


ETHNOLOGY. 

PRAaMBNIAEY  NOTES  ON  THE  ESKIMO  OF  CUMBEELAND  SOUND. 


By  Ludwig  Kumuex. 


The  Cuml>erland  Straits,  Sound,  Gulf,  or  Inlet,  extends  from  about 
lat.  65°  N.  to  lat.  67°  +  K.  It  is  the  Cumberland  Straits  of  Baffin,  its 
original  discoverer  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century;  the  Hogarth 
Sound  of  Captain  Penny,  who  rediscovered  it  in  1839  j  and  the  I^orth- 
umberland  Inlet  of  Captain  Wareham  in  1841. 

During  the  last  quarter  centiu^y  it  has  often  been  visited  by  Scotch 
and  American  whalemen,  ships  frequently  wintering  on  the  southwest, 
em  shores. 

It  is  at  present  unknown  if  it  be  a  sound  or  gulf;  it  is  generally  con- 
Bidered  as  a  gulf,  but  some  Eskimo  say  that  the  Kingwah  Fjord,  one  of 
the  arms  extending  to  the  NE.,  oi)ens  into  a  large  iexpanse  of  water, 
to  them  unknown.  Icebergs  are  also  sometimes  found  in  this  Qord  that, 
from  their  positions,  seem  to  have  come  from  the  northward,  and  not 
from  the  south. 

The  eastern  shore  of  this  souud  forms  the  western  boundary  of  that 
portion  of  Cumberland  Island  which  lies  between  its  waters  and  Davis 
Straits,  and  known  as  the  Penny  Peninsula. 

In  about  lat.  CG^  N.  the  Kingnite  Fjord  extends  from  the  sound  in  an 
ENE.  direction,  and  nearly  joins  Exeter  Sound  from  Davis  Straits; 
they  are  separated  only  by  a  portage  of  a  few  miles.  The  Cumberland 
Eskimo  make  frequent  excursions  to  the  eastern  shore  via  these  fjords, 
but  seem  to  have  extended  their  migrations  but  a  short  distance  north- 
ward, finding  Cumberland  Sound  more  to  their  tastes. 

The  width  of  Cumberland  Sound  opposite  Niantilic  is  about  thirty 
miles,  iwssibly  its  widest  i)art.  It  is  indented  by  numerous  aud  large 
fjords,  few,  if  any,  of  them  having  been  explored ;  many  islands  ai-e  scat- 
tered along  both  shores,  aud  in  some  instances  form  quite  considerable 
groups. 

The  present  Eskimo  are  few  in  numbers.    "We  would  estimate  the 

entire  impulation,  men,  women,  and  children,  on  both  sides  of  the  sound. 

11 


NATrUAL    niSTORY    OF    AfiCTIC    AMKICIOA. 

from  CRjje  Mprcy  in\  the  east  to  2Niigumcuto  on  tbe  wctit,  not  to  exceed 
four  liundred  iudividuwk.  It  in  certain  tliiU  within  tUt*  last  tbiity  ytin 
tilt?  niortulity  lias  been  very  great  among  thfio;  t>vi*n  tiii- vrhalHiiPO 
reniiirk  mi  aetOiiiJSliiJij;;  diiuiiiutiou  in  tlii*ir  iiuiiiUlth  nt  the  lu-o.seut  i1a>, 
HA  pompa;vd  witli  twauty  years  ago, 

Xumi'ious  traditions  05tL*4t  among  tliem  of  tlie  time  \Th€*u  tliey  earned 
with  otlier  tiilics,  aud  lAd  nieii,  now  living,  Luvf  jioiiiteil  out  to  nsisliu^ils 
that  wureoutt*  tlie  scene  of  battle;*,  where  the  Ijesieged  imrty  wils  Mtiirvwl 
into  submission  by  their  enemies.  According  to  the  nj^nul  atoty,  the 
hurling  of  stones  vrrts  one  of  tiie  mo«t  efteetive  and  eommou  mofle^  of 
warftnv;  this  was  esi>ecially  the  ease  when  one  \K\\fy  conlil  isvt  n]m  a 
Ifedge  aiw>ve  the  other.  ^Vt  the  presi^ut  day  ttiey  aiv  peaeefui  au<l  i[mU 
have  110  reeo'pized  leadei',  nnd  no  deaiis?  to  fin:bt,  even  if  their  nuinl«» 
\iould  permit  of  it. 

As  the  story  goes,  the  prefient  popniation  were  the  vietoi>t  in  thow 
flghtSy  and  took  iwssession  of  the  eountry  tJiey  now  inhabit.  Sutiin  wj 
they  came  fi-om  the  northwest,  and  fonnd  another  tribe,  whieh  tiipy 
o^^ercanae  and  drove  away.  Their  stories  on  tliir*  sidijeet  vary,  and 
j^ometimes  with  thiB  nnusually  iotereatin^  tradition,  us  well  m  luany 
others,  they  get  events  of  a  very  recent  date  bopele^ly  nxi^ted  up  witli 
the  rest;  and  it  is  no  nnusnal  instanee  to  find  that  jsonje  whaler  vifl) » 
good  imagination  has  snpplied  and  restored  lost  i>ortions  of  tbe  nar- 
rative, to  tiieir  entire  satisfaction  j  but  these  restorations  are  cliieflj 
remarkable  for  their  utter  disregard  of  truth  or  i>os8ibiIity. 

Tlie  following  tradition  is  a  translation  from  one  of  tbe  most  reliable 
natives  we  became  acfiuainted  with: 

*'A  long  time  ago  {iichemania^lo)*  other  Iimuits  (Eskimo)  were  found 
here ;  they  were  called  ^'  Tunak"jt  they  were  very  sti\>ng,  ve:"y  large,  and 
had  sliort  legs  and  large  arms ;  they  had  very  wide  chests.  Their  clotbes 
were  made  of  bear  skins,  an<l  their  knives  from  walrus  tusks.  Did  uol 
use  bows  and  arrows,  but  only  tlie  harpoon-lance;  they  liarix>oued  the 
reindeer  in  the  water,  from  their  kyaeks;  used  very  large  kyacks.   Tbe 


*  llviv  arises  a  great  liitlk-ulty :  tkh(inani  .sigiiitk'S  a  I'nig  tiiiu',  i.  r.,  it  may  be  o^}' 
Avlicre  Iroiii  a  ^^"cl'k  t<>  a  year;  tirhvniaHiadlo  in  a  very  much  ItMigtT  periotl,  gciiemHJ 
coiii'itiliMl  to  aiitt'tlate  tlu-  aclvt'ut  of  tin-  whites;  at  h-asl,this  ■was  the  only  fiaiupl^ 
wu  coiihl  brill  j;  u]>  wliiih  they  eonhl  uniUT.st.uiil.  exee]tl  tlieir  own  ngc8,  wliich  weWt"** 
ascortaiu  Tiith  h'ss  certainty.  When  a  nry  Iuiik  perio*l  (as  lu  this  case)  is  represent* 
as  having  intervened,  they  repeat  ticlimiaiiiudlo  several  times,  but  bow  much  (!•'" 
added  by  eaeh  repetition  wr  are  unable  to  say. 

t  Vurionaly  pronnnneed,  "Tnuarc,"  "Tunuuk,"  or  "Tmiualc" 


l^nukji  mitdf!  liou^'H  out  of  stone.*    Tli^y  vrere  ablv  to  lift  Inrgv  Rtoniw. 

!RVe  vTi-n-  afniid  of  tlii*Ti»;  wc  foiipht  with  them  and  kilkil  Them.  Th(\v 
Ilbo  7'km»A«)  cuiuo  ill  Ihi*  Ih-st  |>l;ire  fnmi  (rrrcnhtmi.^  The  women  iiiado 
llothoH  from  their  owij  Imiv.  Th(\v  had  an  dogs  at  that  tinio,  l»ut  they 
auule  .sIedjLS**«  ami  liHria^sscH,  mn\  itiiaUy  {icitdum^^Uy  uimI  by)  put  tin* 
J  'S  on  flirco  rofks,  one  white,  i»ne  ifd,  niid  one  Maekf  they  then 

t.!.:-ti.  iind  wjien  they  I(K>k<*<l  tliey  foinid  the  Klone.s  had  Immmi  tmnK- 
iiMiuiil  into  thjjj.s.     After  a  time  they  got  plenty  d»>^N;  then  they  went 
Abiint  more.    Tlie  present  Eskimo  eouhl  not  nn<h'rstHnd  their  lauf^imge. 
Tlit\v  livwl  to  n  proataije  {E.  lukeicouk  Hrtm/  =  did  not  diel).     Far  to  the 
w**st  Home  Eskinin  hi(4*ly  s;iw  f*oine  Tnnuhn;  tliey  hail  ln-ar-skin  eloth- 
iug.     In  the  Timukfi  land  (where!)  the  itttink  or  {*»w»w//  wihA),  hear,  an<t 
Ih  are  abundant.    They  bnild  walls  of  stones  oit  the  land,  nn<l  drivo 
e  rohifleer  into  ponds,  and  catch  thent  in  kyaeks.    They  have  u  Inrjce, 
(f  cuUyiovtj  (coat,  or  jnmpc-r  Jucket)  that  lh<'y  I'lwten  ilown  aronnd 
em  on  the  ice  while  they  «re  watching  a  HeaVH  holej  underuc.ith  thi« 


*  Vidt  ftketch  of  fonudatioii.Ko.  1.    Stnno  fhitn<lATion»  of  a  tKnuewhat  piMinliar  pnt- 

atf  found  In  many  of  rlio  larger  fjonls.    The  >Milijri't  nf  tlir  sketch  ivtw  altonr  fotir- 

fAf»f  In  it«  prt>ftt<>st  dianifttT  {thi-  largrr  piu-ItKiin-)  inMhlc;  the  i»tunllf*r  onu  ftlM»nr 

frft.     Tlu"  amiiigfim-'ut  is  much  tho  winio  »«•  Uio  K^khiii*  ^\w  at  th»  prt-wnt  *loy,  u 

d  ]diilf(irin  lu  \\m  end  iipiKwilL*  the  potraiirc  for  a  hU-rpit^c  nod  g<*iirrul  luiiii^iug 

Inci!,  and  two  HiiialliT  platforms  on  tiither  Hido,  wboir  ilit.*  lamps  iirv  kept,  and  wbvrv 

jj;urbag<«  uccumiiliitcB. 
TbeM}  futiudatioiut  oro  now  iiktl*  minn.  Souiu  of  the  Btunes  in  tht<  VralU  urvHo  large 
irtt  It  miiKl  have  Wf|Uirrd  the  iinitrtl  rffWrt**  of  wvi^ral  nn*n  to  pliicp  thrm  in  position. 
Tbf'vlonfs^ulim'lly  diuiinifth  infttxefmui  tbi*  foundation  U]>ward.  Stundiug  >vnl]Hiu'(* 
■m  iwo  to  Thn*o  frtf-l  liigb,  and  nii;;ht  havr  b^rn  a  hxit  bicber,  to  judgu  lYnm  Ibo 
stoupjt  lyiii^  ab4mi.  Thi'rc  wiw  pn^liably  a  frame-work  of  whal«  rilju,  over  wliicb 
lo  aeol-Akin  ro\-criuff  was  nprend. 

On  ibf-  nonb  nidi-  of  \\i\h  foundntlou  were  at'veu  kyaeks  built  of  itmnll  stone*;  ihey 

i«  parallel  to  em-b  otbt-r,  and  art*  from  Ti'h  u»  tiltfi-n  f<H^>i  in  Irn^b;  tbry  air  bitilt  of 

sfnglp  rovr  nf  stonMt,  fttid  nuly  (t\w  tbir  hfffh.    Tlira^*  Atn*  satd  to  intlfcAtc*  fli«  mnuber 

■■'.  tbat  hflvo  di«M.l.     I^icy  apiwar  tit  n*.  inon*  like  fb«*  work  f\f  pbildrm.     In 

t  plar**?  wi"  round  Tbc  rt^mninN  of  V<njt*m^»  ftrUdun  {w\mMt\y\\iX)^  I'hnni  tmrliattt, 

»pfiora  crUtaia,  Triv/inJivn  itmnnni»,  l't*nii  mitrtHm¥»  (tlio  lliwr  liMit-lt4iiiP«l  specie* 

"orciir  now  only  (U  ulTajiRliTS  in  ibe  vicinity).  Itttngi/cr  hirttudiiM,  IWlntin  fuUnUut,  Larttn 

■?,  and  Somatfria f  (fH(>//iMifiiii.pro1rubly).     Otht-r  bouf»  art-  fonud.  bnl  not 

fgniznblo  frum  decay.  Ko  inipU'nientii  worr  found  c>xcrpt  a  tttozio  ftkin-ticnkpcr. 
present  KskUuo  Hay  Uwsa  ston»j  fodiwlatinnw  W)?rv  niarte  by  the  Tunvkji.  Tl»t«y  tiro 
(und  in  varlons  nut^f-ibc-way  places,  f«>p«-cially  in  Ib^  f;n'rttcr  Kinf*^viili  Kjonl. 
t  AlM>nt  twenty  yoflfHagn,  a  man  and  women  (LirPtmlandpr*)  bkndiNl  n<iar  Capp  Morcy, 
tTlng  K***  ftdrift  on  a  pii»ce  of  ir**  tin  tbf  Or^n-nlnnd  coaMT.  Pn>m  this  oeonrrcnco  w« 
>ajci;turo  tbat  (tw  ttttny  hiu  rccidvcd  u  nuKlcni  addition. 


xam,  tue  xuhuku  uave  ueeii  seeu  oi  iar«  yearw  in  lue  > 
probable, — that  is^  natives,  different  in  dress  and  stature; 
most  likely  the  tribe  known  as  the  Pelly  Bay  Eskimo  fi 
shores  of  Hudson^s  Straits  and  from  Fox  Channel,  the^ 
and  more  robust  than  the  Cumberland  Eskimo  of  the  pre& 
certain  that  since  the  whalers  have  begnu  coming  amonj 
land  Eskimo,  and  introduced  venereal  diseases,  they  ha^ 
very  much.  They  now  almost  depend  upon  ships  coming 
sequence  are  becoming  less  expert  hunters,  and  more  < 
construction  of  their  habitations,  which  are  merely  rude  t 
ters  made  at  a  few  minutes'  notice.  Groat  suffering  ofte 
living  in  these  miserable  huts.  The  seal  skin  that  shoul< 
repair  the  tent  is  bartered  to  the  whalemen  for  a  little  tc 
valueless  trinket,  which  is  soon  thrown  aside.  The  men  a 
catch  whales,  when  they  should  be  hunting  in  order  to  mi] 
of  their  families;  and  the  women,  half  clad,  but  sporting 
gown,  instead  of  their  comfortable  skin  clothes,  and  dy: 
consumption  in  consequence,  when  they  should  be  repai 
or  preparing  skins,  are  loafing  around  the  ships,  doin 
themselves  or  any  one  else. 

The  Cumberland  Eskimo  of  to-day,  with  his  breed 
steel  knives,  cotton  jacket,  and  all  the  various  trinkets 
procuring  from  the  ships,  is  worse  clad,  liyes  poorer,  and  j 


ETHNOLOGY. 


U 


u.  The  pruit'iiml  <me8  are  known  n«  Xiiffuniciite,  Xmntilic, 
ewboyont,  Kemesuit,  Annanactook^  <.>osoou<llmu,  Kjujuajuiu,  KikktT- 
aud  MidiUii'juackiuack  TnlandH,  and  Sbatiuieor,  «itnute  at  ditt'ei*ent 
ints  on  l)oth  sides  of  Cumberland  Sonud.  Daring  the  winter  tliey  i-on- 
g»t<'  at  these  i)oints  in  little  villajjes  of  snow-hnts. 
Tlie  inx'isent  prinripal  lieadquaiters  are  at  tlie  Kikkertou  IslandSt  or  at 
tautilic,  acconling  to  wUieh  point  the  whalex-s  winf«r.  The  old  harbor 
Kenin.suitf  once  tlie  winter  harbor  of  whalers  and  a  fevorit-e  i*cs(»rt  of 
0  Eskimo,  is  now  deserted,  oxeept  by  a  few  HUi»eranuuated  conplc», 
bo  uianago  to  aitch  enongh  seal  to  live  on. 

As  a  rule,  the  present  rare  is  of  short  statura,  the  men  &om  Ave  feet 
inches  to  five  feet  six.  There  are  some  exceptions,  but  they  are 
favor  of  a  leas  rather  than  a  gi-eat^T  height.  The  women  are  a  httle 
ort4jr.  The  lower  extremitie?*  are  rather  short  in  pmjwrtiou  to  the 
',  and  bow-legs  are  alnawt  the  rule.  This  probably  arisea  ftt>m  the 
er  in  which  the  children  ai-e  canied  in  the  mother's  hoo<l,  as  well 
e  eaily  age  at  which  they  attempt  to  walk.  The  habit  of  sitting 
legged  may  also  have  a  tendency  to  protUujo  this  deformity.  Their 
dsand  feet  are  small  an<l  well  fornwMl.  Their  hands  ai-e  ahnost  covered 
ththescarsof  cutsandbiniise-s.  Itseems  that  in  heulingtheinjui-ediiart: 
,  and  is  always  afterwards  disgustingly  prominent.  Tljcre  is  a  great 
nation  in  the  color  of  their  skin,  anil  a  description  that  "would  answer 
r  one  might  not  apply  at  all  to  another.  Even  among  those  that  arc 
pure  breed  there  are  some  whose  skins  arc  no  darker  than  a  white 
I's  would  bo  if  subjected  to  the  rlgoi*8  of  wind  and  cold,  and  the 
r-removed  accumulation  of  soot  an<l  grease,  Otiiers  again  seem  to 
ave  been  "  bom  so,"  The  children,  when  young,  are  quite  fair.  The 
yes  are  small,  oblique,  and  black  or  very  dark  brown»  The  hair  is 
lack,  straight,  coarse,  and  very  abundant.  It  is  rarely  wavy  or  curly 
inong  the  full-bhxMled  Innuits. 

Xhero  ore,  of  course,  exceptions  to  the  above  in  cases  of  half-breeds. 
Tlieir  faces  ai*e  broad  and  flat,  with  rather  large  lips  and  prominent 
cheek-bones. 

Infanticide  is  not  practiced  among  the  Cumberland  Eskimo  at  the 

resent  day.    I  have  leananl  from  s<»meof  the  most  intelligent  that  this 

iMirburous  custom  was  in  vogue  in  former  times,  however.    Among  the 

natives  of  Reimlse  Bay  and  tlios*'  living  on  the  north  siion>s  of  ITudson'S 

tniitnj,  it  is  practiced  to  a  considerable  extent,  es|>ecially  with  the  tribe 

own  as  the  Pelly  Bay  natives.    The  x>ractice  ia  oontiued  almost  ea- 


I 


tirely  to  female  eliildreu,  tb^  reo^on  being,  they  tell  n.^  thai  tlH^'sit 
nnable  to  bunt,  and  coDseqnently  of  little  accotmt  It  Beeam  to  facrt 
betMi  R'ftTEvble  to  tlw^  ^ame  caascamoiig  tbo  Cmnlterliknd  Eskimo.  Tlii*ir 
itiU^niOurscr  Tvitli  tbe  whites  se«ms  to  liuve  luotbtiwl  ^tn«  of  tlw  niukt 
baibai'oiis  of  their  primitiTo  habits* 

Twins  are  not  commoUj  and  triplets  very  rare.  Tli©  maJe^  oumunilMT 
the  feaiiiles.  Infant iciile  may,  to  some  extt*iit,  !«?  tJie  ciia>«e;  but  Kinj 
Uisejuse^j  which  are  alurmingly  prevalent,  Kceiii  more  latAl  to  the  m^umi 
than  to  the  meti, 

Childi-eii  are  often  mated  by  tihu  pAretitfl  while  tliuy  are  still  utvn  ti- 
ftitits.  There  is  such  an  extreme  laxity  of  monds  that  the  young  vmm 
ulmoi^t  inviiriftly  become  wives  only  h  short  lime  beforu  titpy  an" infitixK 

It  U  impossible  to  say  at  what  ago  the  wotnen  ccust>  to  bwir  ihildreD, 
ae  they  huv«  no  idea  of  th^ir  own  age,  ami  few  Aiv  abW  t«>  count  abtMT 
ten.  Piibert>*  takes  t^lnce  at  an  early  aj:c%  iK)»sibl,\'  at  }nurtr<-n  wiib  ihf 
fj?niHlc.  They  are  not  a  i>roliJ&e  iiw^e,  and  it  is  seldom  it  woman  has  inon 
than  two  or  three  children,  and  often  only  ouOj  of  her  own  j  ntiU  jnt:iii>. 
or  ahnoHt  all,  have  children;  but  inquiry  will  geiM^mlly  ilivuljire  thf  Bui 
that  Rome  of  tlis  children  have  beeu  Ixtiight.  AlrooKt  ttvt*ry  yonngr  wwrua 
hLk^  01'  ha^  had  a  (;hild^  but  the  identity  of  the  father  is  in  no  tom?  oecefi- 
ftary  in  order  tn  iusnro  the  respeefaliility  of  tiie  nKtther  or  t^hihh  Snrii 
children  are'^eiit^ndly  tnuled  or  given  awaj'  to  some  elderly  eoofiU'X:4  I 
soon  as  they  are  oid  enongh  to  leave  the  mother.  Thu  fosrer-iiEnriiis 
take  qnite  :is  gfood  care  of  sncli  ivdopted  children  as  if  they  v,vrv  liieir 
own. 

So  f:tr  as  we  oonld  leant,  they  do  not  generally  imictice  any  rirea  or  I 
eert'monieH  of  inaTriage.  The  be^t  hunter,  or  the  owner  of  th«  largest 
linnihc-r  of  df»n^s  and  huriting-^^ear,  will  ^Idont  have  any  difficnlty  in 
]nn*<'iiri]ij;  tlu'  woniiin  of  bis  choiee  for  ii  wifp,  even  tlitni^jh  she  liflft  a 
husband  at  the  time.  It  is  a  common  practice  to  trade  wires  for'^ort 
I»eriods  or  for  gooil.  They  appear  to  have  marriage  xiteesometiines,  hat 
we  could  induce  no  one  to  tell  us,  except  one  stjuaw,  who  agreed  to, 
but  only  on  coinlition  that  we  became  one  of  the.iutereste<l  jHirties  and 
she  the  other.  This  was  more  than  we  had  barj^ined  for,  and,  although 
generally  willing,'  to  be  a  martyr  for  the  cause  of  science,  we  allowed  this 
opportunity  to  pass  without  improviu}^  it. 

Monogamy  is  at  the  present  time  the  most  prevalent,  PolygMny  is 
practiced  only  in  the  ctise  of  a  man  l»eiug  able  to  pro\idefor  two  or  more 
wi%'es.    Three,  and  even  four,  are  known  of,  but  rare.    Neither  do  two 


( 


ETnXOLOOY.  17 

or  Ibrev  wives  hi  om*  lint  nmUo  nil  nlto^^cHier  hannouiouM  )nmsoholtl; 
Iml  all  liul«  tlifflculties  an*  ^eiitTiilly  Kcttlefl  t>y  the  husbniul.  in  a  man- 
iier  better  cailcnliiteil  to  iiisuiv  reverence  to  nmscitlinu  streaj,'tli  than 
reMjut't  for  wiiK'Hor  mtt!Ui>(euLV. 

The  Mc.art'ity  of  wi.micn  ut  prcstnt  in  proi)ortion  to  the  mon  makes 
iMilyjiuiny  a  Inxiiiy  only  to  be  imlulyeU  in  by  tlie  wealthy,  l^ivorte.  if 
it  van  bo  calltMl  by  that  namtt,  is  ver>*  frequent  ainon;?  them.  All  that 
IB  uoecletl  in  that  tiie  huNband  tirey  oi"  hi«  wife,  or  known  of  a  better  one 
tliHt  he  i«  iible  to  pnjciu'e.  Neither  *loes  it  Heein  to  ln>uble  the  woman 
much :  Hho  is  qnite  8nre  to  have  another  ofier  before  long;  and  a  change 
of  thU  kind  seems  to  benefit  Ix^th  parties.  One  mihoi*  i«markable  and 
very  landabU*  pnietie**  among  these  penjile  is  the  adoption  of  young 
cUilib-eii  whose  jiarents  are  ilead,  or,  us  olten  happens,  whose  mother  is 
Uiu  onI>  recx)gnized  parent.  Or]>hans,  «o  to  speak,  are  thus  twiiwa  rs 
common  as  among  ci\ilized  nations.  Tliese  children,  whether  bought 
or  i"eccived  as  a  gift,  are  always  taken  as  goo<l  eure  of  as  if  they  were 
their  own,  especially  if  they  are  boys. 

Among  the  Eskimo  employed  by  the  Florence  was  a  family  that  hiul 
two  chiUlrcD,  who  passe*!  for  bi-other  and  aister.  One,  the  boy,  was  a 
nephew  of  **  Eskimo  Joe,'' of  Polaris  fame.  Ui'  had  been  bought  ft*om 
the  Uudson's  Strait>i  En^kimo,  .some  two  hundred  miles  to  the  south.  lie 
waa  a  perfect  little  satan;  an<l,  though  he  gave  us  much  annoyance,  he 
was  a  never-failing  source  of  amusement  to  us  til).  The  piil,  again,  was 
a  native  of  Exeter  Stmnd,  on  the  west  coast  of  Davis  Staits:  still,  both 
were  eousidei'ed  as  their  own  children,  and  well  cared  for. 

Half-breeds  are  said  to  be  of  more  irritable  temperaments,  and  les.s 
able  to  bear  oxiwsnre  and  fatigue,  than  the  full-bloo*led  Eskimo. 

The  fuo<l  of  the  Cumberland  Eskimo  consists  entirely  of  flesh,  and  iu 
innnt  sections  of  the  sound  of  Prnjomyn  ftttkhiH.  In  fact,  this  animal  is 
tJjeir  principal  dependence  for  food,  fuel,  clothing,  and  light.  The 
Eiddmo  will  eat  a  few  of  the  benicsof  Vaecinivm  uliifinmutn  and  Empetrnm 
nigrum^  the  rnnts  of  Pctlicularijt^  and  occasionally  a  little  Fucutt  mdrulo- 
HitM  iu  winter,  but  this  constitutes  a  very  small  and  uuimportaut  pait  of 
their  fo*>d. 

Afc  soon  H8  the  ice  has  fairly  left  the  sound,  the  Eskimo  hiuiter  leaves 
thr  winter  encampment,  with  his  family  and  such  portions  of  his  house- 
hold gtxids  as  will  be  needed,  and  takes  a  tour  inland  or  up  some  of  the 
large  fjonls  after  reindeer.    The  larger  juirt  of  his  iwssessions,  inehiding^ 
sJetlgt,  «log«,  harnesses,  winter  elothhig,  &c.,  he  secretes  among  the  i-oci 
iu  vome  unfri'quentefl  Mi»ot.     His  dogs  wjv  put  on  some  little  rocky  ifiU 
Biill.  Nat  Mus.  No.  lo 2 


18 


NATLRAL    IIISTOIiV    OF   AHCTIC 


to  shitt  tor  tiiemselves.  Tliey  eke  out  a  scatit; 
good  Lise  of  their  time  at  low  tide,  Cotius  Moorpim 
part  of  their  food  at  tliis  seasou* 

TliL^re  are  at  luvseut  so  iiiuuj-  nlialcboatx  i 
that  they  exiiemuee  little  difflcnity  in  making 
three  or  four  fauiUies  eoii,stituting  a  liOiit*M  etvw 
iMittt  tunitliiu  an  iucli  or  two  of  the  giiiiwidc,  n 
w^eolvs  of  enjoyment  fuid  abuudunee.  The  8'iua 
"captain'^  stands  iB^esticully  iu  the  hUmh  wit 
the  rent  of  the  men  are  either  Hslee]*  or  on  the 
ciirgo  consists  of  their  tcnt-poIes,  the  skin-tent 
sundry  fskin-bagi*  coutaitiing' the  women's  sewir 
Theii'  hnntin^-gear,  of  coiirsCj  fonna  a  quite  eo 
contents  of  the  boat.  Very  few  there  ai>e  nt  p 
eome  the  jiosaessors  of  a  liiilfdtnrrcK  and  this\ 
uons  pliice  in  the  boat,  and  i.s  Hhiioi^t  eonstant 
liuimal  matter  iu  soini;  shape  j  a  few  young  eid 
covered  up  with  the  intestines  of  a  seal  and  its 
taelo  all  obtain  a  piece  of  meat  whenever  they 
sel  is  never  euiptied  of  its*  contentsj  except  by  s 
of  material  forbids  its  repletion ;  and,  as  the  te 
is  well  up  in  the  "  sixtien"  during-  the  day,  thi? 
so  offenisive  as  to  be  uiil>earable  to  any  one  but 

They  proceed  at  a  veiy  leisurely  rate,  ixjwing 
then  stopping  for  a  time,  chatting,  Brnoking,  or 
tired  they  lianl  up  on  the  rocka  and  liavt*  n  H|i*t 
journey  in  t\u^.  f*auie  vagabond  manner*  If,  \rhi 
creature  that  tht-y  tLiuk  there  is  any  )K>t^sibillt^ 
in  sight,  all  hand^  become  animated,  tlie  oars  i 
energjj  gitus  and  spears  are  In  readiness,  ji!i*l  e 
Bport.  Ilmir,-^  ai-e  often  consunietl  in  chuHini;  h; 
loon,  which  when  procured  i.s  but  a  bite;  l>nt  the 
be  the  pnneipal  objeet,  and  they  enjoy  Ir  hugely 
they  reach  some  suitable  lut-ality,  when  iLie  bout 
rai;'H*dj  the  lamps  pur  in  their  places,  and  all  i.s 
The  ]inMi  divide  and  scatter  over  tlii'  nniuntai 
ehiir<^e  of  the  women  an*l  ehildreu  ;  these  \msy 
fur  and  destroying  every  living  ei-esatuie  rhat  th 

On  the  rt^rnrn  at'  the  huiiterK,  wlio  peit'hanee  1 
and  a  hunk  ol'  >'eniisen,  there  are  joyous  tiUiCii  4 


ETUXOLOGY. 


19 


of  first,  nnd  then  tin*  youiigt»r  people  engage  iu  various  giimes, 

e  the  older  oues  gather  ai*ouu<l  HOiiie  a^l  cn>ne,  who  esciti^<Uy 

miti*  the  hiuita  of  lit'i-  icnrlhoo<l  days,  ]>Ieiitiful(y  ititeniiixing  stray 

n-tions  of  the  old  sapras  aiitl  legcuds  with  wliioh  her  memory  Ls  replete. 

IThiw  they  livi*  fn^m  day  to  day,  the  men  hmding  and  Ihi-  won:i'n  stretch- 
Bg  the  akius,  till  the  season  comes  ai-ound  vrhcn  they  must  retnru  to 
pe  coast.  Happy,  cf}ntente<l,  vagabond  race !  no  thouglit^  of  the  mor- 
row disturb  the  rranquillity  of  their  minds. 

^\"hi'n  a  tleer  is  killed  any  distaurf  from  camp,  the  meat  is  cached, 
^vith  the  intention  of  rettirning  at^in*  it  in  wiuterj  but  with  what  the 

kolres  ami  foxes  devour  and  what  the  Eskimo  never  can  find  again, 
?r>-  Mtth*  is  broiifiht  back. 
^^  Many  have  u<>\v  lU'cimns  of  sonn*  [HXltoru  or  other;  and  though  they 
^^11  hunt  for  a  ball  that  has  missed  its  mark  for  half  a  day,  they  do  not 
^BeAitate  to  tire  at  any  useless  creature  that  comes  iu  their  way.  Tliose 
^^liat  have  no  guns  use  bows  and  aiTows  made  ft-oui  reindeer  antlers. 
tSiHut'timcH  the  deer  are  driven  iutoix^nds,  and  even  into  th**  salt  water, 
and  captured  In  kyacks  witli  haii>oons. 

They  have  au  mtercsting  custom  or  superstition,  namely,  the  killing 

of  the  eril  npitlf  of  the  deer;  some  time  during  the  winter  or  early  in 

K]»nng,  at  any  rate  Iwiore  they  can  go  deer-hunting,  they  congregate 

together  and  dispose  of  this  imaginary  evil.    The  chief  ancoot,  angekok^ 

medicine-man,  is  the  main  i>erfonner.    Ele  goes  thnmgh  a  number  of 

yratioiis  and  eonlortioim.  constantly  hallooing  and  calling,  till  suddenly 

e  imaginary*  deer  is  among  them.     Now  begins  a  lively  time.    Every 

id  screaming,  nuuiing,  Jumping,  8X)eariug,  and  stabbing  at  the  imag- 

deer,  till  one  would  think  a  whole  madhouse  was  let  loose.    Often 

ii»  deer  proves  very  agile,  and  must  l»c  hard  to  kill,  for  I  have  known 

em  to  keeii  this  perfonnauce  up  for  days;  in  fact,  till  they  were  com- 

jdetely  exhaustcil. 

During  one  of  tliese  ix-iformanc^s  an  old  man  spoareil  the  deer,  another 

ocked  out  an  eye,  a  third  stabbed  liini.  and  so  on  till  he  was  dead. 

hose  who  are  able  or  fortunate  enough  to  intiict  some  iiyury  on  this 

d  deer,  especially  he  who  inflicts  the  death-blow,  is  considered  ex- 

mely  lucky,  as  he  will  have  no  difficulty  iu  i>rocui'iiig  as  many  deer 

-H  he  wants,  for  there  is  no  longer  au  evil  spirit  to  turn  his  bullets  or 

X)ws  fj-om  their  course. 

They  seUlom  kill  a  deer  after  the  regidar  hunting  season  is  over,  till 
ibis  pcrlbrmance  has  been  gime  through  with,  even  though  a  vety 
^^p])ortimity  jueseuts  itself. 


rUK^u:.   HI.STORV   OF   AKCTIC   AJfERICA, 


;d  one  other  spades  of  Stilmo  that  I  could  not  pniciiTe 

iUfy,  are  caught  to  gome  extent  in  Juue  aiwl  September 

ome  5  larger  fjords;  they  are  mostly  eanght 'with  a  spt^r,  but 

n    .etiin*  ,  hook.    (For  desciiiition  luth  under  hnntin'r-geai^  &c.) 

*l      leso  tlsh  are  canghty  thej  are  put  inUi  a  sealskin  hag.  ami  il 

nstietl  up  till  tJte  whole  becomes  a  niasa  of  putrid  and  l:'enneiitki;r 

abont  as  repulsive  to  taste,  sight,  and  Hmell  a.s  oan  be  imagluftL 

ff  acofpitusy  which  contributes  so  largely  towards  the  Oreenlaiulei'* 

r,  i»  not  utilized  by  the  Cmnberlaud  Ef^kimo,  except  in  vam^  t>{  a 

si^  of  other  food  supplies^  the  fish  is  abundant  in  their  waters 

rerefj  and  fidly  as        '      ""  ^      are  on  the  Greenland  coa*t 

Birds  and  theii'eggs  wards  their  susteuanee  in  *wir 

a;  they  are  extremely  foud  of        >,      d  devour  them  in  a^tonii-^Iuu^ 

utities. 
The  **black  akiii^  of  the  whale,  ejilh  by  them  muktuk,  is  esteemwl 
the  greatest  delicacy.  When  they  first  procure  a  supply  of  thin  iiM, 
they  almoBt  invariably  eat  themselvea  si(  tj  espijeially  the  children.  We 
found  this  black  skiu  not  unpleasant  tasting  when  boiled  and  thenpictleil 
in  strong  nuegar  and  eateu  cold;  bnt  the  first  attempts  at  maatieatiiig  it 
will  remind  one  of  chewing  India  rubbex.  \Vlien  eaten  to  excej^s,  e^jx^ 
C'ialTy  when  raw,  it  actn  as  a  powerful  hixative.  It  is  generally  eaicu 
with  about  half  an  inch  of  blubber  adhering. 

The  greater  portion  of  their  food  is  eaten  raw,  especially  in  winter. 
When  they  cook  at  all,  they  only  "simmer"  it  over  their  lamps  in  a  pot 
of  soapstone.  These  pots  are  from  eight  to  twenty  inches  in  length, 
usually  about  sixteen  inches,  and  though  of  variable  patterns,  the  length 
is  generally  three  times  the  Avidth  or  depth.  Among  such  Eskimo  as 
are  able  to  prociu'e  old  cast-away  meat-cans  from  around  the  ships,  tin 
has  superseded  the  soapstone  both  for  lamps  and  boiling-pots. 

In  snmmer,  especially  wlien  on  hunting  excursions,  they  very  often 
"fry"  meat  by  making  a  little  fireplace  of  stones,  and  lajing  a  flat  piece 
of  stone  on  the  top.  The  opening  to  receive  the  fuel  supply  is  to  wind- 
'ward.  For  fuel  at  such  tunes  they  use  Cassiojie  tetragona  and  Lednm 
paJustre;  these  shrubs  make  a  quick  and  very  hot  fire.  It  would  be 
comparatively  an  easy  task  for  these  people  to  gather  enough  Cassiope 
ma  during  the  summer  to  burn  diu'ing  the  coldest  weather,  and 
wholly  iipon  blubber. 

I  the  Eskimo  have  been  simmering  meat,  esi)ecially  seal,  in  their 
pots,  they  pour  ofT  the  liquor  and  mix  it  with  about  an  equal 


ETHNOLOGY. 


21 


jUHiitity  ul"  I)IcmkI;  tliiH  makes  n  tUu'k  and  rathor  gn»asy  soup  that  iniwt 

quite  nourinbijig;  the  cliiUUeu  are  ver>'  fond  of  it.    It  swms  ix»ssible 

lat  from  tliis  dish  hiw  orijirinuti'd  tho  iMjpular  en-or  that  these  iiw>i»Ie 

Irink  oi7,  a  notion  that  is  siiuply  projiosterous. 

I  foiuid  among  some  of  thvat  people  a  little  spoon,  or  rather  a  minia- 

soooi»,  made  of  ivory,  which  they  used  to  diiuJc  the  souji  \nth ;  it 

^ppeal•s  to  be  an  old  utensil,  now  fast  going  out  of  use,  for  tliey  can  now 

nire  tin  mugs.    A  reindeer's  rib,  pointed  at  uue  end,  is  used  to  tish 

the  meat  with,  and  sometime^)  to  convey  it  to  the  mouth.    TlieMs 

»tininicnt8  are  found  in  the  proves,  but  seem  to  be  but  little  used  ot 

le  present  day. 

When  a  seal  is  brought  to  the  encampment,  especially  if  they  hove  not 

een  plenty  for  .some  day.s,  all  the  villagers  are  invited  to  the  hut  of  the 

leky  hunter,  and  the  seal  is  soon  dispatched.    A  couple  of  the  younger 

len  skui  the  animal  and  distribute  the  pieces  to  the  assembled  company 

Cast  as  needed.    The  testicles,  being  considered  as  the  choicest  titbit, 

iLSually  hiuidcd  over  to  the  hostess;  the  sjiimd  cord  is  also  rated  as 

ic  of  the  choicest  portions  of  the  animal.    During  these  feasts  they 

>rge  themselves  tt»  their  utmost  capaeitj',  and  are  in  good  humor  and 

rious.    Though  tliere  n»ay  W  ever  so  jKior  prosi>ects  to  procure  nioit> 

for  the  inoiTOw,  this  does  not  deter  them  iiomgluttouoaslydevour- 

\g  the  hwt  morsel,  and  then  go  on  allowance  till  they  can  get  a  fresh 

supply,     I  have  seen  them  thus  gorge  themselves,  aiid  then  lie  down  to 

sleep  with  a  piece  of  seal  meat  by  their  side,  whieh  they  attacked  every 

time  they  awoke. 

The  intestines  of  birtls,  notably  Lapoputi  and  Somateria^  ure  looked 
npou  as  choice  parts,  and  birds  bixaight  to  the  encampment  are  gene- 
rally '•*drawn'^  by  the  hunters.    Tlie  fattj*  excrescence  at  the  base  of  the 
|npl»er  uuindible  of  the  male  Som,  gpectabilh  is  too  great  a  temptation 
for  them.    It  was  with  great  difficulty  that  we  cmdd  induce  them  to 
bring  these  binls  to  camp  without  having  them  thus  mutilated. 
'    Since  whalers  began  to  cruise  in  the  Cumlx'rland  watei*s,  they  have 
^fottu*l  that  it  is  deciiledly  to  their  advantage  to  hire  boats'  crews  of 
^Kitivc^  to  assist  in  tho  eaptiu-e  of  whales.    They  make  gooil  whalemen. 
'     "When  such  civws  ai*e  secured,  they  wisely  count  in  all  of  their  family  in  the 
irprain,  so  that  to  secure  the  ser^•iees  of  a  ci-ew  of  seven  men  one  must 
M*tl  iJiiity  or  more.    While  working  for  whalers,  these  Kskimo  depend 
lost  wholly  on  the  ship  for  their  food  supply;  as  a  consequence,  they 
fast  becoming  poor  huntei's,  aud  prefer  to  lounge  ai-ound  a  vessel 


^' 


22 


NATCRAL   HISTORY    OK   ARCTIC    AMEIUCA. 


aud  pick  up  audi  scrap!<»  as  offer  tbriuselvoj^  mthci'  TLan  to  strike  fiat 
tliemst'lves  and  live  iiulepoudeiitly  and  in  compunitive  plenty. 

-.\.s  to  mi.'uls,  or  reguliir  nieal-tiiues,  they  oat  when  hungry,  if  tlu*y  liavi 
auythiug.  They  always  eat  in  the  moniiug  beloi-o  guinjr  out  l»>  htrnt; 
bat  tlie  principal  meal  \n  in  the  eveuiug,  ou  their  retiu'u.  When  Kuppl 
with  nitious  by  the  ships,  they  often  have  their  reg:iUar  lueaU  aboanl] 
but  this  does  in  no  wise  hinder  them  li*om  taking?  tJieir  usual  evcninj 
iiUowaiire  of  raw  meat  when  they  return  to  their  huts. 

That  the  EsUimo  i>osse8S  considerable  powers  of  abstinence*  cii 
be  disputed ;  but  it  ia  not  m  remarkable  after  all,  for  they  certainly  bari 
had  ample  experience  in  thi.s  direction.  That  they  ore  able  to  bear  t* 
I>orury  or  sustained  exertion  better  than  the  whites  is  doubtful.  Tlirj 
ai-e  acclimated  and  have  clothing  suited  to  the  climate,  and  ivadily 
themselves  to  the  rude  shelter  of  a  snow-bank,  if  necessary;  but  givei 
healthy  white  man  as  good  clothes,  aud  he  will  stand  as  much 
and  i>erhnps  Uioiv. 

While  hunting  with  the  Eskimo,  we  often  had  oiu'nosi^sJidijicei 
when  it  did  not  seem  to  afiect  the  Eskimo  in  the  least ;  but  when  It  ti 
t4>  a  tri)mp  tliroii^h  the  snow  all  day  long,  few  of  tliem  wuuld  stoutl 
any  better  than  we  could. 

Some  have  judged  their  powers  of  endurance  iVom  the  luuimer  laj 
which  they  will  follow  tJieir  game ;  but  it  seems  to  ua  it  is  rather  iM 
woudrrlul  patience,  for  we  have  known  them  to  follow  animal  tnicUii*] 
a  whole  day,  when  we  confess  we  could  not  discover  the  laiuiest  twwJj 
of  a  track^  except  at  long  distances  apait.    They  will  discover  any' 
of  animals  on  the  snow  that  a  white  man  woidd  pans  by  aud  not  uo^i<^\ 
^Mlen  traveling  either  on  the  ice  or  water,  they  uudce  the  joimiey  b) 
short,  easy  stages,  stopi»iiig  as  soon  as  they  feel  the  least  tiivd,  aitd 
cniiting ;  if  they  were  required  to  walk  n  given  distance,  as  on  4  tvs^i 
march,  they  woiUd  give  out. 

The  Cnml>erland  Esldmo  are  known  to  make  l>etter  and  more 
tiful  clothing  llinn  the  tribes  of  Xortliern  Hudson's  Bay  and  St 
During  the  summer,  and,  iu  tiu*t,  at  all  seasons,  except  wbeii  tJi«  weutli' 
Is  very  severe,  the  onu»r  garment  of  the  men  ia  made  fipom  the  sidw 
ndtdt — or,  nioix*  properly  speaking,  yearlings,  as  they  are  the  I*'*'- 
Payomyn  fiftiihtg^  Iu  very  cold  weather,  they  Intake  themsi»lvefi  to ih 
skin  clothing;  Imt  as  these  clothes  are  less  strong  than  the  ftetU* 
they  umke  tJie  chuugeas  soon  as  tlie  we^lher  |>ermit«.  Tlw  wuinou 
the  deer-skiu  clothes  much  later  in  the  season  than  the  men;  diebHr 


ETHNOLOGY. 


23 


alHo  made  of  tbe  name  kiuil  of  seal,  unless  tbey  at-e  lorrunate  enoagh 

Iiioimi'O  CnUoceiihnluH  tUviUmut^  which  skills  are  so  highly  piizcil  that 

icy  use  tlu^in  eveu  though  there  is  only  snftident  for  a  [nirt  of  the  fronts 

^f  tlicir  jiUikets. 

Both  Uie  men  and  women  wear  a  garment  the  exact  duplicate  in  Bhape 

Tinder  the  outer  oncj  this  prarmcut  ia  made  either  from  the  young  seal 
the  white  coat  or  of  reindeer. 
The  coat  of  the  men  does  not  open  in  ft-ont^but  is  diawn  on  over  the 

head  like  a  nhii-t,  and  ba8  a  hiwid  that  fit8  Uie  head  snugly,  while  the 
ronian^a  hood  is  large  and  loose,  and  the  jacket  it*  quite  loose-tltting^ 

tH  to  receive  the  child,  wliieli  i.s  always  eame«l  in  tlie  homl.    The  woman'? 

jacket  further  dill'ers  fixun  the  men's  in  beinjj  shorter  in  front,  and  eml- 
ifT  iix  a  rounded  point,  while  behind  it  reaches  quite  to  the  ground  in 
w  foiin  of  a^  lance-shaped  train.  This  appendage  i.s  caught  up  in  the 
tme  manner  aa  the  fanhionahle  train  of  the  present  dny  among  eivil- 
!etl  nations,  when  the  condition  of  the  ground  is  unfavoralde  for  it8 

trailing.    After  all,  is  not  thi8  fashion  lioiTowed  from  the  EHkimof 

There  is  often  an  appwach  towanls  thiftt  prolongatiou  in  the  men's  jack- 
:,s.  especially  when  made  of  deer  skin,  but  never  ho  long  as  on  the 
roman'8.    >feither  do  little  girls  have  a  long  train  to  the  jacket;  but  as 
as  they  arrive  at  the  age  when  they  are  no  longer  ]o«iked  upon  as 

cbUdren,  they  learn  to  imitate  their  mothers.    Tlicre  are  never  any  pock- 

eti*  ill  Uie  jackets  of  either  sex,  the  IukmI  sr-rving  for  this  purpose. 
The  pants  of  the  men  ai-e  made  litun  tlie  same  niaierial  as  the  coat, 

with  the  exception  that  the  young  seal  in  the  white  coat  is  often  used  for 
le  outer  as  well  as  the  inner  garment.  The  pants  reach  only  to  the 
fvper  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  are  kept  up  hy  means  of  a  string  ai'ound 

the  bmly.    They  reach  a  little  l>elow  the  knee,  where  they  are  met  by 

the  boots.  AVhen  mrnlc  of  deer  skin,  they  are  usually  onnimented  by 
inges  of  cut  skin  around  the  lower  e<lges. 

The  Avomen's  pants  diftcr  fixtm  the  uien'g  in  being  composed  of  two 

'l»ar!ite  pieces,  the  loAver  reaching  from  a  little  below  the  knee  to  the 

iddle  of  the  thigh,  and  are  kept  in  place  by  a  string  which  mas  to 

le  up|>er  e<lge  of  the  other  i>ort.ion.     The  lower  portion  of  these  panta- 

»ns  i.s  rt^uioveil  while  they  nr(^  at  work  in  their  igU»os,  and  the  hare 

ligh  used,  as  a  iKuird  would  be,  to  lay  the  seal  skin  on  while  cleaning 

10  blubber  tVom  it.    The  women  have  the  habit  of  thrusting  their  bands 

stween  tho  upper  and  lower  pantaloons  the  same  ati  we  do  in  a  ])ocket; 

fact,  they  use  this  5i)ace  as  a  sort  of  i>ocket. 

Little  girls  wear  thoii*  lti^*eches  like  the  men  till  they  get  to  be  ten  or 


24 


NATUIiAL   HLSTOKY    OF   AliCTIC 


twelve  yeara  of  ago.  Vwy  small  (children  are 
jacket  without  attaclitil  hood;  liut  tlieir  hi^adi 
biuidletl  njt  in  a  tloiiblc*  tUwn-skin  liood  that  iUa 
hixid  in  never  reuioveU,  except  itercliapw  by  ac 
growB  it.    The  lower  extremitieti  ara  usually  iiol 

Tlie  obiliiron  are  i?nrrietl  ««  tlie  inotlnjir's  Imf^k 
c;it  of  tliejaekt^t  i^  sucli  tUiit  l]io  child  goes  dow 
wai.st,  when  the  clos^^iaess  of  the  Jacket  prev^en 
The  hcK)d  allows  the  child  fi-eedom  for  its  armi 
are  cramped  ntiderneath  ita  body,  and  this  is 
bowdej^gt*dness  and  po,si4ib]y  tlie  nhftrtiie^iH  ul'  tl 
have  aecn  tho  Eskimo  uiotht^r,  witli  a  child  fawt  t 
ing  a  iDOpik.  This  ^vork  oftou  necessitated  her 
a«  to  Keeiningly  eiuUn^pr  the  dumping  of  the  i 
the  gi*oundj  still,  it  ditl  uot  seem  to  iucouveiden 
OS  it  slei>t  soundly  through  the  whole  lUHJceediu 

The  kdmikj  ov,  as  generally  pronoimciHl^  lumi 
cipally  made  fiom  the  j^kjne^  of  adult  riufmHt/ftft 
the  Holes  boing^  luftdii  from  the  ekin  of  rhiwa  ha 
a  very  boautil'nl  and  ^evvicciible  Iwot  ia  made  fi 
legs  sewed  together  lengthwise  j  they  are  used 
quite  useleBB  whon  the  &iiow  is  wet.    Another 
the  leg  of  uutsifk  skiu,  but  with  the  hair  on,   1 
to  the  kio*e,  and  axa  kept  ui  likice  b.v  means  of 
and  also  secured  by  a.  seabskLu  cord  parsing  ove 
the  heel.    Tliey  ave  ^enenilly  sewod  with  sinew; 
boots  the  sinews  from  the  doi-sal  vertebra*  of 
ftjrred  when  they  ean  be  jirocured* 

The  stocking  worn  nt'xt  to  the  foot  is  of  heavji 
side  next  the  foot ;  tln^y  readi  abitve  the  kiiee 
worn  a  sort  of  sUpi>ci"  made  ftom  tho  eider-duc 
by  making  an  incision  on  the  l>aok  near  om.*  v,- 
ing  the  body  is  removed.  The  skin  is  cleaned  of 
teeth,  and  the  skin  farther  j»n*]iHi*ed  by  eheui 
an.' removed,  and  thif*  end  become^  the  t<)e  of 
side  being  woni  inside.  Its  upper  iMlgow  are  b 
akin  ttt  give  it  additional  strcjigtl*,  and  if  the  e 
Mltli  ttloth  will  last  a  long  time.  They  an-  %ery 
LartiH  fjhui.ivs  in  often  used  for  this  ]iuniose.  I'oi 
grylh  and  limit  ttklaoUfltts  skins.     Over  all  this 


ETHNOLOOV. 


25 


uAiW  from  the  ucUick  Mkiiif  wiUt  tJie  hair  on.  mid  tb<j  bnir  Hide  wdmi 
titwanl  aud  the  hair  poiutintr  froDi  the  tool>n<^k\Taitls.  Tliis  vw.v  imich 
nicilitute)9  the  draiwuif;  on  of  thr  IhxjI. 

For  suuiuiur  wear  the  yoiiuir  ol'  tlie  nctsioU  in  the  woolly  coat  is  Hubsti- 

tntwl  for  i^eiiidecr  lor  tlie  stockingrs.   JJog  skin  is  also  soiut'tiiues  used  fur 

ttuo kings,  but  not  ho  coiuinoiily  anioug  thti  Ciiuibcrland  Eskiuiit  a.s  among 

hosv  nf  IIiidHon'8  Straits,  wlm  use  dog  skins  for  pants  as  well  hh  8t(Krk- 


Ali  the  clotiiing  is  sevred  with  Mnews,  reindeer  or  white  whale.  Tlir 
•indoer  hiucws  ai*c  dried  in  hulk  a»  tliey  come  from  the  animal,  and  an^ 
tjdit  off  as  needed.  The  Ilhres  arc  sHparated  as  fine  as  iHM'essary,  iind 
then  di-aw  n  quickly  iM-tweon  tlie  teeth  tn  seeure  a  more  uniform  size.  The 
'omen  nil  sew  t4>wards  themselves,  using  the  thinihh*  *»n  the  (irst  tiiiger; 
ley  tfdtUun  use  but  one  kind  of  seam ;  the  edges  of  the  skin  are  cai'e- 
lly  matched  together,  and  Joined  hy  sewing  over  and  over  the  ovi»ii'ast 
m.  Their  tliind)le8  (i-iilled  tikik^  also  siguiiies  tlrst  tinger)  are  ni;nle 
»iu  the  skin  of  Phoai  barhatn  ;  in  sha|>e  they  are  menOy  an  obloug 
iece  BuffideJitly  hirge  to  «50ver  tlie  i»oint  of  tlio  finger.  A  rim  is  <mit 
ironnd  the  outsitle  edge  for  alwmt  one  half  its  k'ngUi ;  this  liunis  a  sort 
d'  hjop  tuiilcr  which  the  tinger  is  ]ias4e«l,  aud  in  this  manner  it  i:^  kept 
In  plaec  We  found  this  style  of  thimhle  nuiuh  uioiv  eonvenient  than 
the  metal  one  of  the  usual  form. 

Very  IVw  of  the  Cutnberland  Kskiino  at  t!i<i  iireseut  day  nw*  nnything 
Jmt  steel  needles,  i>r  iMjne  ones  made  after  the  same  i>attern.  We  have 
'en  au  iustnnaent  Miiid  to  have  Ik^ou  used  as  a  needle  that  is  consider- 
ahly  lUffercnt  from  anything  we  eror  saw  before.  Au  Kskiuio  brought 
it  to  UH,  and  wanted  a  hntrhet  in  exchange.  We  thought  it  eeilain  he 
iWould  ix'turn  and  otter  t<t  tnule  at  our  terms,  luit  he  did  not,  and  we 
lever  saw  him  again.  TliiM  tool  was  uhno8t  exactly  like  an  awl  in  shajH', 
hat  had  an  eye  near  the  point.  They  must  have  had  to  tlifeail  this  in 
itrument  fctr  each  stitch.  The  needle  jiart  was  apparently  of  deer  horn 
Lud  the  hanille  of  walrus  ivory. 

The  favorite  and  principal  tool  of  the  women  is  a  knife  shaiml  like  an 
H'<linarj'  mincing-knifo.  Nearly  all  the  Cuiul)eiland  Kskimo  have  now 
)rcHured  iron  enough  fi-oui  some  soui\*e  or  other  so  that  they  can  Inne 
ui  v^in  knifi'  of  this  pattern.  IJefore  they  cottld  tn\H;ure  emnigh  iron, 
jthey  ma<le  the  knife  of  ivor>',  and  merely  sank  Hakes  or  pieces  i\{  irou 
ito  the  Cilge,  in  I  In*  same  manner  as  the  natives  of  North  Greenland  do 
^t  tlu»  present  time.    This  same  practice  of  siidving  iron  dukes  into  tJ 


ETHKOLOOY. 


27 


I 


fi<* Vfn  =  rintjunhuin(j  ( !), 

\\^\xi—Aukh'iniijan-machoni  (0  and  2). 
^ii\e=SchiHvhiiHani  (?  if). 

bove  ten  tliey  aie  said  to  count  tlieir  toes  and  take  ten  and  one,  ten 

two.  &c.;  but  u-c  were  unable  to  Hud  one  who  knew  thcu*  umucs. 
vy  will  trll  yon  they  lla^■o  caught  seals  or  birds  up  to  six,  but  if  luofe 
y  generally  put  it  amat/humlly  (a  good  many),  which  may  be  any  nuni- 

ri*om  seven  npM'ai*d8. 
the  treatinent  of  the  sick  they  are  rery  superstitious,  and  in  fact 
y  report  almost  entirely  to  their  ancoot,  atigckols,  or  luedieine-nien. 

10  following  is  a  Greenlander-s  legend  that  proposes  to  give  a  reason 
y  pet>ple  die:  "The  cause  of  people's  *lying  Im  laid  to  a  woman,  wild 
liavc  discoursed  thus:  *Let  the  people  die  gi*adiudlyj  otherwise  they 
1  not  Iiave  room  in  the  worUl."^ 

Dthers  relate  it  in  this  manner:  **Two  of  tlie  tii-st  people  quarreled. 
e  sai«l :  * Liet  it  Im?  day  and  let  it  Iw  night,  and  let  tlui ^wople  die.*  The 
er  said:  *Let  it  only  be  night  and  not  day,  and  let  the  peoplj;  live, 
er  a  long  wrangle  it  came  to  pass  na  the  rtrst  had  said.*' 
It  is  interesting  that  this  same  curious  legend  exists  among  the  Eskimo 
Cumberland  Soiuid;  tliey  say  though  that  '^  those  who  quarreled 
Uy  arranged  matters  and  had  both  attire  iluy  and  en-tire  night  at  the 
erent  seas^ms,  so  ihat  both  i);u-ties  might  be  suited.^ 
be  longs  of  Lejius  glacialis  are  considered  as  a  sure  cure  for  boils  and 
manner  of  sores  j  they  draw,  they  say,  and  their  manner  of  applying 
m  is  the  s;ime  as  we  would  a  p<iultice.  They  must  l)e  applied  as 
u  arter  the  animars  death  as  x>ossible,  and  while  they  are  yet  warm. 
u  cases  of  8ciir\*j*  they  never  use  C(H*hliari<tj  but  the  stomach  of  a 
My  killed  reindeer,  with  the  vegetable  contents,  instead.  If  the 
rvy  patient  l>e  very  ba*l,  the  limbs  are  bound  with  pieces  of  the  deer's 
miich,  wJiale  or  scjd'a  blubl>er,  or  any  kind  of  fresh  meat.    If  a  whale 

be  caught  at  such  a  time,  the  patient  is  sometimes  bodily  shoved  into 
carcass,  or  the  lower  extremities  only  are  sunken  into  the  flesh. 

e  most  prevalent  disease  among  tlieni  seems  to  1m^  lung  disease ;  it 
larujingly  common,  anvl  consumi»tion  ju-obably  kills  more  than  ali 
er  diseases  combined. 

e  whalemen  have  introduced  venereal  diseases  among  them,  which 
e  spi-ead  at  a  terrible  rate,  and  devastate  the  natives  almost  like  a. 


28  KATCEAL   HISTORY    OF    ARCTIC   AMEKlCA. 

I  could  not  leani  ttiat  they  Iia%-e  any  knowletl^e  (»f  the  medical  pwih 
erties  of  any  plaut  or  slirtib.  Some  of  tlie  coarser  kinds  of  rtfjir't  ait- 
proc^iii'ed  at  low  tid^  from  tbe  cracks  in  tbe  koj  and  eaten  raw,  biinmlv 
l>etause  they  aa*e  tit  to  eat,  tliey  sayj  the  routs  of  Fetiii^ukm  are  aki 
fioinetimes  eaten^ 

AVlieu  the  women  are  abont  to  be  confined  they  aii^  plHot^d  in  a 
sno^v-lJut,  if  it  be  winter,  and  in  .1  littk*  «kiti  tent,  if  siuiiiner,  by  thi 
selves,  Theiz*  only  atteudiint  is  a  little  girl,  who  is  appoiuteil  hy  \\iv  liftwl 
ancoot  of  the  encampment,  A  little  mw  lueat^ — tleer,  if  they  httv«  it— U 
put  into  the  hut  with  her,  and  she  is  left  to  give  birth  to  the  chihl  as  liwt 
she  can.  The  reason  she  is  removed  fl-om  her  tent  is,  that  should  imihat 
or  child  die  in  the  tent  nothing  pertaining  to  the  equipment  of  the  i-MaJ" 
lishment  conld  ever  be  used  again,  not  even  the  teut-covcriog  ur 
the  husband's  huntingigear.  In  some  ini^tances  th^y  are  oltliged  t*v 
modity  this  custom  somewhat.  We  have  known  them  to  t-ut  tlif  lent 
cover  about  two  feet  fi-om  the  ground  all  around  and  tise  the  tipfn-r  \m- 
tion.  X  man^s  wife  accidentally  shot  herself  in  hex  igloo,  hut  the  giiu  ^s* 
too  i^'i^at  a  saeritiee;  he  u*ied  it,  but  the  ree^t  of  his  bonsebold  i*ffir(* 
werurfeft  to  wa~ste  away  where  they  lay.  We  knew  of  another  i^islAUM 
where  the  tent-iKjles  wei^  brought  into  ui*e  again  in  thecoarseof  a  j^e^f 
aiter  a  death  had  occurred  beneath  them, 

Aa  soon  as  the  mother  with  her  new-born  babe  i^  able  to  get  up  «ih' 
go  nut,  u-sually  Init  a  few  hours,  they  are  taken  in  charge  by  an  ^p!^ 
female  tniCQOt,  who  seems  to  have  E^ome  particalar  million  to  perform  io 
tineU  casej?,  She  couilucts  them  to  some  level  spot  on  the  lee,  if  nfttrttii* 
sea,  atid  begins  a  sort  of  uiai-ch  in  circles  on  the  ice,  the  mother  ftiDo* 
ing  with  tlie  child  on  her  back;  this  mana?uvTf^  is  kept  np  some  tiuii"- 
the  old  wt>niaii  goin^  tlirough  u  number  of  pedbrmances  the  uiitiir¥  of 
wldeh  we  couhl  not  learn,  and  continually  muttering  something  etiu^il'^ 
unintelligible  to  us. 

The  next  act  i.s  to  wtule  through  snow-drifts,  the  age<l  ancoot  leailinS 
the  way*  We  have  bt-en  iuformcrl  that  it  i«  customary  for  the  uwlW 
to  waile  thus  bare-leggetl,  but  (whether  from  modesty  or  the  teiajwrt* 
tiire  of  —50^  F.  wc  cannot  say)  on  some  occasions!  this  part  of  tb» 
perfonuiince  is  ilispeiiseil  with, 

Wlicii  a  siuk  person  p-ts  so  fur  gone  tliatthcy  dix-m  nnrovcry  ii«i>rvjl»- 
able,  he  is  reuu>ve<I  fixnu  the  hut.  and  either  dragged  oat  ujwu  tliff*^' 
to  die,  or  a  little  snow  shelter  may  be  ctnistmcted  for  him,  *u*d  soiPf 
Bcmps  of  i-aw  meat  thrown  iu  to  him.     I'snally  sneU  t>roceedinp»  artful* 


ETHNOLOGY. 


21) 


toencltjatally  fo  tliei>atieut,  eveu  though  his  ailment  mijsht  not  haAt* 
Iweii  <*o  (luugerou^  Uail  i>n>i>er  care  betrn  taken.  We  know  ol'  on« 
utft^nce  wh^re  u  man  wa-j  thus  put  out  to  die  seven  diflerent  tiuieH;  btit 
If  n.'C(»\  ftcd  nnd  f-mwled  buck  to  his  igloo,  and  liKiks  now  :is  if  he  waa 
jixid  tor  a  nuuiluT  uf  yem*a  yet.  Stories  are  common  ol*  how  aged  and 
uQnji  iH*oide  are  put  out  of  the  way  by  tlie  younger  ones,  to  rid  them- 
idvea  of  a  usoleiss  burden;  but  of  this  we  know  nothing  fn>ni  jM^rfonul 
ilwer\aliouHi»  or  fiiun  ii'liable  sonnvH. 

Oci-aMoual  iustaucea  of  suicide  happen,  generally  when  the  perwni  is 
afflicted  with  some  incurable  disease.  Hanging  seems  to  be  the  favorite 
node  of  killing  themselves. 

The  nnvoofft  manner  of  operating  is  varions,  and  almost  ever>'oneho.s 
MMUe  metliod  jtecnliar  to  himself.  We  could  get  but  a  glimpse  of  some 
irf  them,  as  they  are  averse  to  having  a  white  nam  witness  their  i>erform- 
iltoe«,  and  we  Inul  tlie  greatest  dilhculty  in  getting  any  oue  to  explain 
tu  tiH  their  meaning.  The  following  Iegen*l  is  supposed  to  give  the 
•liivctions  for  becoming  an  ancoot ;  it  is  interesting  that  tlus  legend  does 
uoi  difler  exsenlially  from  the  Greenhimler^s.  (VtV/t  Orcenljvuds  nye 
Pcrlu^trutiou,  KUer  Xatuivl-IIistorte,  Hans  Egede,  1741.) 

^'e  would  hei"<!  add  that  those  who  become  aneootH  are  only  such  as 
•re  iiiitundly  |M>ssess<:^l  of  a  more  penetrating  mind  than  their  fellows, 
generally  the  biggest  rascals  in  the  encampment,  who  seldom  pay  any 
fttt«utiou  to  what  ts  right  or  just,  but  ply  their  v(»catiou  so  as  to  win  for 
Uienoselves  renown  among  their  fellows,  and  possess  themselves  of  any 
»3ovet*?d  article  a9  n>muneration  fiir  their  services. 


e 


The  manner  in  irhkh  one  may  hceome  on  uncoot,  or  angekok, 
ny  one  wisbing  to  become  an  mirtmt  must  gt)  away  a  long  distance 


where  there  is  any  other  person.     Tlicn  he  nuist  lind  a  large  stone, 
aiiil  seat  himself  by  it,  and  call  on  Torngartiuk,*    This  spint  will  then 

Kke  hini-solf  present  to  him.  The  wouhl-be  aneoot  will  at  first  be  ve^y 
rh  frightened  at  the  arrival  and  apjiearanee  of  tliis  sjiirit,  hi»  iniirli 
■oUiut  he  is  Hcize<l  with  severe  jiains,  and  laUs  down  and  dies,  and  re- 
^pn9  deiid  for  three  days.  Then  be  comes  to  life  again,  and  returns 
mine  a  very  wise  man. 

'  (if  tUu  iiutit«'8  uf  8<iiitb  Grit'iilaiifl,  und  TuruarnMl:  ul'  North  ii|-iM'iiliiii<l, 

I  oractc,  iheiniutcr  Kpirit.  of  thi-jrf"  people'.     Tlicn*  iin*  nmity  8;iiril»  nf  leu* 

icallod  Tomirt;  these  mu  l)«  mwu  only  by  tbv  aniffivfct.  al'l«r  tbnlr  mvetlug  with 

muk.     1  -  That  llii«  wor*l  sigi»iiiffl  ilw  ^Tvtltv»^t  spirit  of  G«iorI,  Ah  wvW  m 

Tbr:  I  rhc  UfviJ  Tomgnriul,  iiijii  in  ihi-ir  mi«*i<M»t  brllrf  tbrir  (;(>«V,«a 


1 


30 


NATLKAl.    UISTOKV    OF   ARCTIC   AMERICA. 


An  tnpciwt^H  dnty  is,  Ill's!,  to  mutter  oven*  the  sick,  that  they 
well  agaiu;  secondly,  he*  will  talk  with  Torny{unuk\  anil  get  infomut 
i'rom  kiiu  as  to  how  ho  must  manage  80  that  tliey  will  have  sneoeu  ii 
their  undertakings j  thirdly,  ol*  him  he  leaiDK  if  any  one  is  al»oni  toi 
iiud  what  tht^  caiiso  is,  or  it'  some  unusual  death  or  misfortiuio  is  a}« 
to  occur  to  the  peojtle. 

Their  devotion  and  belief  in  the  anoooU  are  unlimited;  they  cau  m 
he  induced  to  trespass  on  the  couunands  or  dislK»lieve  the  propl 
of  these  important  personages.    AVhen  one  has  been  a  very  en 
ancoot  for  a  long  time  lie  may  l>ecome  a  great  ancoot ;  this  n( 
a  period  of  fasting,  and  then,  as  the  story  goes,  an  animal  they 
ftmarook  (the  same  word  is  used  for  wolf,  and  for  an  animal  whkiij 
probably  mythical,  nulessit  can  be  a  Gido)  eomes  into  his  hut  ami  l>i 
the  man,  who  inime<liately  falls  to  pieces;  his  liones  are  then  eoiivp] 
to  the  sea,  where  he  lives  for  some  time  as  a  walrns ;  he  finally  ret 
among  lua  people,  a  man  in  api>earaDcc,  but  a  God  in  iwwer. 

If  the  prophecy  of  an  ancoot  <Uh?s  not  come  to  imns  as  he  had : 
would,  any  ijheuomenon  of  natiu^,  as  a  halo,  coromi,  aurora,  &e,, 
ticient  to  ha%-e  broken  the  spell,  and  the  ancoot  loses  nothing  of  liis 
tation  by  the  failure,  for  it  is  then  believed  that  the  measare, 
it  might  have  been,  was  not  pleaj^ing  to  Tormjanuk. 

The  people  come  to  these  soothsayers  after  all  nmnner  of  inlbi 
We  knew  of  one  case  where  a  young  woman  asked  an  atteoot  if  )m\ 
uubora  cliild  would  be  a  boy  or  girl.    He  retired  oatsitlo  the  hiu  ffl 
few  moments,  and  when  lie  returne^l  he  said  it  wouhl  *'l»e  a  Iku^; 
he  ad<ls,  "K  it  is  not  a  boy,  it  will  be  a  girP!    For  this  valuable  ni 
mation  he  charge<l  three  seal-skins  and  a  knife.    An  a  general 
(he  ancoot^  are  paid  according  to  their  reputadou;  fitill,  it  is  veryJ 
dom  they  refuse  to  give  them  what  they  ask  for  in  return  for  th<dr 
able  services. 

They  seem  to  have  an  idea  of  a  future  state,  but  what  we  dew 
as  the  region  down  below  they  consider  as  the  best  i>luce.    lu 
Grcpnlanda  nye  Perlu8traH<m,  year  1741,  is  given  a  legend  whic 
almost  exactly  the  siime  as  one  that  is  fimnd  among  the  ('umhi'rl 
Eskimo  at  the  present  ihiy.    But  Egede  says,  in  the  Danish  traiLsIs 
**Himiuel,'' heaven,  as  though  this  was  the  wjuivalent  for  the  Gi 
lander's  wonl  J  the  Eskimo  of  Cumberhiud  say  **topaui,*' which  iw 
simj)ly  **up.'*    They  do  not  distinguish  any  diflerence  in  tho  twulV 
Uitiou  after  dejith.  or  rather  of  the  two  pluoen  where  they  «Jtl>ert  to  I 


ETinfOLOOY. 


31 


icnvafter;  on^  ditt<?rs  fioui  the  otiier  oiily  iu  this  vijse,  that  if  death  is 
lujved  by  ctTtaiu  means  they  go  to  the  one,  and  if  they  die  a  unt  iiral 
lenth  they  go. to  the  other. 

The  following  if^  Utuir  idea  uf  the  fiuiire:  ^*Iii  the  spirit-laud  all  \\'ill 

lavo  it  us  goiKl  Hti  or  l>etter  than  they  had  it  ou  eaith."    Yet  they  dcsig- 

te  two  i»l«ee«  where  the  soiU  g<H»K  after  death,  %iz:  *'Sonie  go  upf 

►there  far  down  into  the  earth."    But  the  lower  pla<.*e  is  eoiisidertnl  jnvf- 

irabU'.    This  is  di'M-rihed  as  a  l>eautifnl  lanil,  wich  everlasting  siiufthiiiu, 

hero  the  seal  and  ix*iudeer  al>oiu)<l  in  faliulous  quantities^  au<l  foo<l  is 

noMetiuently  abundant.    To  this  latter  plm-e  go  only  sneh  as  are  killHl 

ky  other  Eskiuto,  women  ^  ho  die  in  childbirth,  sneh  as  drown  iu  mlt 

*ater,  and  icMertt ;  tliey  think,  this  beinp  the  better  phiee,  it  is  a  sort  of 

recompeaise  for  the  sufl'ering  they  underwent  cm  eartJi ;  'all  the  rest  jro  up. 

Ill  this  connection  we  will  mention  that  the  Cumberland  JCsldmo  think 

Ihe  nurora  hormlin  is  the  spirits  of  <le.ad  Eskimo  ilatu'in^  and  having  a 

:ood  time  generally.     It  hjvs  even  eousider.ible  iutiuenee  over  them,  and 

ley  ai*  well  plea.sed  to  see  a  bright  aurora.     Thy  (iivenlanders,  on  the 

ler  hand,  say  it  is  \hv  spii'its  of  dead  Eakimojiphtimj. 

Wo  have  been  told  by  some  that  those  who  hunt  in  thekyaekandget 

lost  or  *lriven  upon  the  ice  or  some  uninhabited  island  are  supplied  with 

flood  from  these  i-egious;  that  is,  living  game  is  tbi-owu  iu  their  way  for 

them  to  capture,  so  they  will  not  staj^'e.    This  is  firmly  believed  by  them. 

Unlike  the  Greeulamlers,  the  Cmnberlaud  Eskimo  of  the  present  day 

have  no  i>emmnent  haI)iliitious.    They  may  live  at  the  same  locality  for 

several  wiuteiTs  in  suwessiou,  but  each  year  construct  a  uew  snow-house. 

The  Greenlander  has  a  periuaneut  swl  or  st4)ne  but,  and  lives  iu  tents 

[only  while  away  hunting.    The  Cumberland  xuitives  live  in  snow-houses 

from  the  time  the  snow  gets  firm  enough  to  l>e  tit  to  build  with  till  it 

melt.s  iu  June.    They  generally  begin  the  coustr»ictio!j  of  tlie  snow-liouse, 

|or  ijfloo,  iu  the  latter  part  of  Oetolier.    A  i)laoe  is  chosen  which  is  shel* 

Itered  from  the  north,  under  the  lee  of  a  rock,  if  ]>ossib1ef  and  where  there 

>Ss  a  considerable  dei>tli  of  snow.     Tliey  lM>gin  by  treiuliug  a  cin^ilnr 

[£paco  about  sixteen  foot  in  diameter;  ou  this  they  keep  piling  snow  and 

jftamplug  it  down  as  hard  as  ]M>ssible  till  the  whole  mass  is  a  raised 

jdarfona  as  hanl  as  ice.    They  then  cut  out  a  si^iuare  bl«x*k  from  the  mid- 

[die,  about  cighleen  inihes  deep.    After  this blm-k  is  nnnoved  they  have 

chance  to  cut  others  IVom  arouud  the  sides,  aud  this  space  is  enlarged 

[till  it  becomea  of  the  desired  dimensions.    The  sleeping  platfoiiii  is  lefk 

:hey  flni»he<l  trcatling  it,  no  blocks  beiag  cut  from  this  i)ortionf  it 


32 


NATCR-\L    H18T0EY   OF   ABCTIC  AMKRICA. 


also  serves  to  etflu<l  on  wliile  constructing  tbe  wall,  wliicli  is  alvftT^flmw 
from  the  inside,  the  builder  being  furnished  xdtli  frei»h  Know-blocli^fmrn] 
the  iiutside  when  bis  supi)ly  tfiv*.*s  out .    Tlie  wnll  is  btiilt  in  u  spiral funr 
so  that,  U'  \iewed  li*om  above,  it  would  have  the  uniKiiiniuce  of  a  ww 
coil. 

Tbe  *»nly  tools  nse<l  in  buildinjr  sive  a  saw,  if  they  can  get  it,  forwi 
iUK  out  The  blocks,  and  a  lon^'  knife,  made  friMn  a  walrus  tusk»  for 
ming  them  into  sbajie,     In  cutting  ami  titting  tlie  blocks  of  »now.  ij 
sliow  skill  and  inj;euuity,  so  that  they  make  as  i>erfect  au  arch  a«tbf  *» 
mason.    When  tbe  hut  is  done,  or  rather  enclosed,  there  is  neither  di 
iior  window,  and  the  buildir  is  a  pHsotier.     A  d(K»r,  bowfver.  isMfH 
made,  but  at  tlie  opposite  end  from  wheiv  tbe  entrance  is  to  Ih*;  tim' 
this  aiKirtui'e  the  Women  and  children  be>^i  dra^^iu}^  in  the  "fnmitnw,^ 
while  ibe  men  ^* chink"  up  the  jdacea  where  the  blocks  join  each  nth* 
The  stnicture  is  ko  strong  that  it  readily  bear**  a  man's  wei;;hl  o«  ti 
top.    When  everything  is  ready  inside  and  out,  the  lamps  are  lit;  soi 
times  more  than  the  usual  number  are  procnrwl,  and  trimmer!  tobtinii 
brightly  as  possible;  the  heat  be^cins  to  melt  the  inner  surfare  of 
structure,  but  it  soon  freezes  and  forms  quite  a  r**tating  of  icr;  (hi*, 
coursi*,  adds  considi-rably  t*)  the  sti-ength  of  the  building.*  Thi'  insi<lp 
now  lined  with  the  sealskin  tent  of  their  summer  to^jpiks,  faj*len«l 
all  around  the  Hides  and  toi>  by  means  uf  suudl  pegs  of  wood  or  hot 
A  window  is  cut  through  the  wall  over  the  entrance-way,  fa**injr  tl 
south;  it  consists  of  a  half-moon-shaped  l>ow  of  whalelnuie,  ovcrwIii< 
are  sti-etche^l  the  intestines  of  Phoca  inirbata,  sewed  together  length^ 
This  window  ailmits  the  light  qiute  well. 

The  entrances  ixrv  long,  low  structm*es,  sometimes  only  two,  nfteo  f<i 
or  even  five.     They  gradually  «liminisli  in  size  from  the  iglot>,  but  w 
one  has  a  door,  which  is  so  low  and  narrow  thai  a  large  i»erson  iannal 
to  get  through  them,  even  on  hands  and  knecj*.    Tlie  door  to  tlie 
proper  is  barncade<l  at  night  ^ith  a  slab  of  ice  or  the  srapida  of  »  wW 
Ice  is  also  soiiu'tiiaes  substitute*!  instead  of  seals'  intestinKs  fi»r  the  ^^ 
dow.    On  either  side  of  the  en  trance- ways,  the  df>gs  are  allowed  t<t 
but  never  inside  the  dwelling  apartment. 

Alwut  one- half  of  the  tioor  at  tbe  end  opposite  the  Mitrann'-irnyi 
A-om  one  to  two  feet  higher  than  the  itist.    On  this  tilatfonn  th**^ 
all  their  skins,  and  it  is  used  for  n  general  hnrnging  and  sleeplui 
On  th*?  top  of  the  snow  they  lay  a  eoatiugof  CVMr«fo/>f  trtmffttfu^^m 
thing  of  This  sort,  and  neatly  spread  the  skins  over  it    One  can  ^ 


r.THNOLOQY. 


33 


ttlinoat  any  time  an  impish-IcMikinir  lioa*l,  eovorwl  with  u  tliiok  unit  of 

iingksl  \»lack  hnir,  iiknitiCiiIly  powrlpivd  with  reimleer-Iiair  of  vaiiouH 

■iigtJix  ami  colors,  |imtnu1ing  fixim  amon;^  tlio  pile  of  skins.    Tlio  wliulu 

LUiily  ciTiwd  t<»KetUer  on  this  phitfonii,  like  so  many  pi^s.    The  hiiiips 

k^'pt  htiniinji;  iUi>   ami  iiiuht.  jiinl  \hv  wtmian's  [tV.wv  is  dinvtly  in 

mt  uf  them  on  the  Hjeopinj^-platform.    lion?  they  sit  ca'oss-loprgecl  and 

rork.    Back  of  tlio  lamps  and  ai'omul  thoni  thoy  ]iilc  ni»  their  uioat, 

iH  ncciuniilatiou  of  pjiirbafre  is  only  cleantMl  ont  when  it  becomes  neces- 

irTi'  to  mak4?  r«»nni  for  >i  fi^'sh  snpjOy.     This  piltMtf  pntrifving  llesli  soon 

ec<»met«  extn^mely  offensive  l>oth  to  sij^ht  and  sinelK     Meat  issomctimea 

brony^Ut  in  thehutH  that  is  aln^ndy  s])oihH),  even  thonjrh  the  tenipeni- 

itui*e  may  1h>  .V>  de^-es  beh^w  zero.     This  often  hiii»pens  withdcer.    Wo 

link  the  eunse  nuiy  be  that  the  body  of  the  aniniiil  imniediiitely  freezes 

the  outside  and  form»  a  coatinpof  non-eondiicting  ICe,  which  pre- 

'nta  tJie  esoajMiOf  gaH,  whielk  Instead  penneate«  the  tiiMHUea.     If  the 

niininl  i*  discmbowek-d  a.s  soon  as  killed,  it  does  not  happen.     Se\eral 

rarciiRscs  Mtill  warm,  are  often  jiiled  one  ajKni  the  other,  and  the  aninnil 

boat  is  probably  ftnllicient  to  start  decomposition  before  the  mass  freezes. 

Around  tlie  hmipH  be  the  iKinen  they  have  picked  the  meat  fmni,  iinil 

[»iucb  other  parts  as  an^  diseanled  in  time  t»f  plenty.     This  nibbish  is  not 

ithrowu  out,  but  i\>oted  amoujr  after  a  Imsh  sn]>ply,  as  it  is  needed. 

Nearly  every  i^rloo  has  a  little  addition  on  one  Hide,  with  an  opening 
;to  it  i'r»m  tJie  iuHiile  of  the  main  hut.  In  this  they  keep  their  deer-j^kiu 
clothes  when  nut  in  nsi',  and  also  an  extra  blubber  snjijjly.  Over  the 
laup  is  huu^  a  half-moon-sha])ed  frame  of  whalebone,  with  seid-skin 
ihonus  ilrawn  tijihtJy  aoroBS.  tJn  this  tliey  put  theii*  foor-;rear  to  dry 
daring  the  ni^dit. 

\\'beu  the  snow  beg:ins  to  melt,  and  their  ifjloos  tumble,  they  have  a 
sad  tJme  for  a  few  days.  The  skin-tent,  or  ttMipik,  uuist  now  l>e  bnaijrht 
into  n.^quidition  and  do  service  alone.  Kor  the  toopik  they  select  a  Hat 
rock,  from  which  tlie  aiiow  has  nudte*l,  and  by  meana  of  two  sets  of 
|H>le&«  those  for  the  front  end  of  the  stmeture  the  shortest,  and  lashed 
toffutherut  the  top,  like  an  Indian  win-wam,  with  a  ricl{;ro-polc  l>etwcen 
them.  0\er  this  the  6kiu  cover  is  8]>read,  and  secni'cd  to  the  nwk  by 
meana  of  stones  laid  on  the  lower  edge.  All  the  after  x>ortion  of  thia 
tent  i.*i  made  from  sea]  skin,  with  the  hair  on,  on  the  back  generally  a 
larj^c  male  Viuftiph  i} uh  (irtrnUiniVwuH.  The  foi-n-jinl  part  is  made  from  what 
they  term  mnmma^  which  is  piepared  from  the  skins  of  the  netsick  iu 
ih©  following  manner:  *\Jter  the  blubber  has  lieen  removed  in  the  usual 
null.  Xat-  Murt.  Xo.  15 3 


XATfUAL   HISTORY   OF   AKCTTC   A^fTRTCA. 


M'ay  (tUc  skins  of  pre<^naut  femaleH  iiiul  tho80  ^ut^kliug  young  are  Ute 
best),  thrv  tfpUt  the  piUiii.s,  or  rather  remove  a  ijieuibranc  that  h*^'-s  h 
tweeii  the  blubber  and  the  skin  ]»roi)er.    The  splitting  is  ihme  with  ih- 
womau's  kuife.    The  skin  is  laid  ni»o\i  a  Hat  surface  auil  the  kuife  push* 
away  from  the  oiMsrator.    AXTien  the  mamma  is  reniovod  from  the  skin 
is  treated  in  the  saiac  manner  as  the  skins,  Hti'etehed,  and  driwl  in  tit- 
mm.     It  i.s  tough  and  transparent,  aud^  being  very  oily,  dtn^  nol  ejwil 
get  saturate*!  with  Avater. 

When  the  toopik  is  about  to  be  raised,  the  skin  covering  is  fit 
stretehe^l  out  ujiou  the  rock,  and  tlie  poles  are  pnshixl  undernoaih,  ai 
then  niiscil  up,  stretehiu^r  iho  fover  as  tiy:htly  on  the  poles  as  iM.»»sibl 
Tho  toopik  is  carried  with  them  when  they  go  hunting  in  summer. 

Such  liabitatious  are  of  variable  dinien8it>nH,  regulated  by  the  uumi 
of  oeeupants  somewhat,  but  more  by  the  industry  of  the  hunter  and 
economy  of  his  Avife.  for  the  skins  need  repairing  very  often;  and, 
consequence,  many  of  the  more  shiftless  natives  have  exti^mely  iw^— ^ 
shelti'rs,  patched  up  with  dog  and  bear  skin  and  old  cast-away  pieci^ 
canvas,  wliieh  they  have  pai<l  well  for  in  serviceable  seal-skimt. 

Their  gi-eatcst  concern  is  to  pi-ocui-e  the  poles.  At  present  many 
broken  oars,  lance-poles,  \-o.,  from  the  whalei-s;  but  still,  ingeuioi 
lashed  together,  bone  supi>orts  for  the  tent  are  yet  found  among  th< 
The  inside  aiTangemejat  of  the  toopik  does  uot  differ  essentially 
that  of  the  igloo,  exee]tt  it  may  be  a  little  nastier  as  a  rule  and  fnnfW  * 
tiifle  strouger.  Sometimes  whale-rihs  are  made  use  of  instead  of  i)ol^s» 
und  are  very  ingeniously  lashed  together.  Tliese  were  more  in  vo£i^E3e 
foruKM-ly,  before  they  could  procure  poles  fmm  the  hhips. 

Wo  think  they  wore  jK^rhaps  less  nomadic  in  past  times,  as  there  ii^ 
still  extant  sod  foundations,  which  were  no  douht  used  as  (HTuione^E^^ 
abotlcs.  f 

At  the  pi-esent  day,  so  u»any  of  the  Cumlierhind  Eskimo  Imvc  |ii  ^* 
cui*e<I  some  kind  of  firearms  that  their  primitive  modes  of  hunting  aiv^^ 
their  hunting  implements  have,  to  a  great  measure,  been  mo<1itle<)f  »»»** 
even  in  some  instances  altogetlier  lost.  Bows  and  arix>ws  ure  fiost 
coming  an  institution  of  the  i)ast ;  they  do  uot  now  rely  on  them 
kilhug  ri'indeer  as  they  did  at  one  tune.  Bows  and  arr«>Mi»*  are  fuut»«J 
around  the  settlements,  broken  and  out  of  retiair;  the  arrows,  of  diflp^ 
ent  kiiuls,  lying  alMUit  unused,  or  doing  8ervi<'A;  as  some  other  tool,  Hj 
cluMi*en  all  have  bows  and  arrows;  but  they  seldom  kill  larger  gJiJ 
than  snowbinls  and  lemmings. 


Jl£= 


ETHNOLOGY, 


35 


Of  prime  imiM»rtunoe  to  the  Eskimo  in  h\B  uiwvff^oT  hikkif*  At  tbe 
!fieut  day,  tUu  Hcaliu;;  »\tvar  is  ofteu  unile  tVom  an  old  wbHUM:iiice, 
[avitig  a  wooden  baud!o  aiul  an  iron  bar|>oon-hi'ad  {n'tle  sl\i'trIio.s). 
'lie  (MX'Uet  ot*  the  lance  is  put  on  the  oii|H»sitt^  end  of  the  handk*,  and  is 
for  a  vnriery  of  i»nri»osi»s.  This  kind  of  c*i)ear  is  very  useful  to  the 
ikimo  in  catchiufj;  the  seals  in  theii-  atliil-s  thron<;h  tlie  ice.  Tliey  are 
extremely  expert  iii  the  une  of  this  wenjicm,  and  possess  siwh  niarvelons 
patience  that  they  will  stand  by  a  seal's  atlnk  all  day  awaitinjf  the  re- 
turn of  the  animal. 
Thi«  8i>ear  is  earned  ou  all  m-easions  wherever  they  fro  and  whatever 
inil  of  panic  they  pursue.  The  opposite  eiul  of  tlie  ^pear  from  whieh 
le  hai-poon  is  fiustrneil  is  also  their  principal  tool  in  hnilding  fox-traps 
ice,  cutting  down  hummocks  so  as  to  ^^et  their  ftle<l^es  over  the  shore- 
iy  &C.  Not  the  least  important  use  "f  this  instrument  is  to  souiul  the 
with  it.  In  travclinu  Ihey  very  often  come  to  places  where  the 
npid  running  tide  has  worn  the  ice  very  thin,  and  by  means  of  tliis 
L  si»enr  they  carefully  feel  their  way  nloug.  They  will  even  cross  ou  a 
^■oe  that  is  completely  rotten  by  feeling  around  till  they  get  uix>n  a  more 
^Boiid  siwit  and  then  advancing.    They  are  very  much  averse  to  getting 

into  the  water,  as  none  of  them  are  able  to  fi^nnl. 

I         The  harpoonhead  used  with  this  spear  is  made  of  iron,  and  is  about 

three  and  a  half  inches  in  length  and  one  inch  lietween  the  outside  tii>s 

of  the  barbs.    They  manufacture  thein  entiivly  by  filing^  *ind  will  sit 

,      and  lile  for  many  days  till  they  get  the  instniment  in  the  desired  form. 

[        For  whales  and  wahiis  they  u^e  a  much  dift'erent  weaiK>n,  the  Siime^ 

^ke  unagiue,  as  they  use<l  before  the  whites  came  among  them.    It  is  a 

^Harge,  awkward,  bulky -looking  affair,  with  a  shaft  made  from  the  horn 

^^f  MonodoH  fHonocerofij  or  from  yarts  of  a  whale's  ja\\U>ne,  ingeniously 

'      lai*hed  together,  when  wood  is  not  pro^.'iu'able.    ^>ome  have  tiie  hundle 

I      eoiniiosed  of  as  many  as  eight  to  a  dozen  pieces,  lieiuitiAdly  and  com- 

]>actly  lashed  together,  till  the  whole  is  as  firm  as  though  it  were  com- 

po.He<l  of  a  single  piece. 

Although  such  lai'ge  spears  were  not  rare  among  these  natives,  we 

found  dithculty  in  getting  them  to  i>art  with  them.    A  favorite  harpoon- 

bi'ad  is  also  hard  to  procui'e,  though  they  may  not  have  us<m1  it  \hr  yeai*s. 

L^ouie  considerable  value  seems  to  1m*  attached  to  these  old  implements, 

^Ibspecially  if  tliey  have  been  successful  with  tUeni  in  former  times.     We 

i     d6i>eud  moi^  upon  the  illusti-ation  here  given  of  this  spear  than  upon 

the  choice  of  words.    Their  old  hanK>ou-head  for  seals  was  probably 


n.'RAL    HISTORY    OF  ARCTIC    AMERICA. 

^  flgiut^d.    This  spwimen  is  from  a  g'^^''^  '^^  Eieter 

J I  vsembles  in  pattern  tlm  iron  seal  Uarjioou-hwuU  uf 

H         Others  were  maile  like  the  wahius  liiupoiiu,  but  Iittv- 

[  of  bt'iug  iroiitippeiL     A  very  ingeuUni^j  e4>utrivanit? 

I  n        >ear8  is  tlie  i)ei'fect  ball'auil'.socket  joint  wUirh  uuktu  I 

0Cfl<?ewnrnj7,  or  bt>uo  jjortion  (on  which  the  Uarpooti  in  ]i1uex-(i],  wilti 

mrt.    The  shaft,  it'  lunde  of  mwmI,  baa  ft  boue  tii*^  islneh  w  eupiml 

le  roiimleU  eud  of  the  ci'htcim(i}4f  /  ttiey  tu-e  kept  iu  plau^*  iij 

uu^g  of  seal-8kiUf  which  makes  it  sufiicieutly  firm,  to  u^^  buE;it 

I  time       I  alloATtbe  eeheemunff  to  double  upon  the  ^halt  witlmut 

iiKing  when  an  fiJiiu'"''  '°  =^t^i^L- 

As  beibi'e  uieutiouet]  anxtws  are  now  iu  uae  that  it 

is  ulmost  iiupossible  to  pit         «  «« .,         yet  oi'  arrows  that  ore  actual],; 
i?  heen  in  use.    In  the  toilowiug  i  atioii,  no  less  than  eight  differ 

ent  ptttterus  of  arrowft  are  reprtse  We  have  tlerivetl  our  iitfonuii- 

tiou  tVoui  vmious  sources  besides  our  own  ol>ser\'ations.  We  had  ia- 
structed  some  of  tJie  most  intelligent  V  ik'imo  to  make  for  us  woodt:i 
modelH  of  all  the  dit!erent  kinds  of  arrows  that  they  ever  knew  were  in 
use*  So  fur  a«  wc  were  able  to  pix)cnie  or  see  the  original^,  theac  nioilplfi 
were  taithfully  and  well  executed,  and  leaves  n^  no  reason  to  think  {hat 
they  in  any  inHtauce  iini>03ed  upon  ua.  Some  of  the  arrows  we  hav** 
seen  in  the  possession  of  sailors  that  had  bartered  for  them  for  a  mere 
song,  but  would  not  trade  thein  to  us,  under  the  impression  that  they 
would  bring  fabulous  sums  in  the  States.  They  now  jjrobably  adora 
some  third-rate  gin-shop. 

Of  the  arrows  figured,  No.  1  is  made  from  reindeer  antlers,  with  short 
wooden  shaft,  an  old  and  very  common  form  of  arrow.  Ko.  2  is  x>crbaps 
still  older.  This  is  also  made  of  reindeer^hom.  It  is  more  common  on  the 
Greeidand  coast  than  among  the  Cumberland  Eskimo.  No.  3  is  the 
only  one  of  the  kind  I  saw,  an<l  this  I  was  unable  to  procure;  the  head 
was  of  tlint,  and  the  next  piece  of  bone,  with  the  wootlen  shaft  lashed  iu 
two  places,  showing  probably  a  scan^ity  of  wood.  Xo.  4  was  a  rare  (?) 
form  of  arrow  among  the  Cumberland  Eskimo.  The  head  was  made  of 
stone,  with  the  forward  portion  of  the  shaft  of  boue  and  the  rest  of  woo<l. 
No.  5  Mas  iron-tipped,  a  favorite  i>attern  when  iron  was  scai-ce.  No.  7 
is  now  the  style  used  by  the  children,  and  was  probably  the  next  pattern 
suggested  after  No.  5,  as  any  pointed  piece  of  irou  can  be  utilized  for 
*his  form  of  arrow.  No.  0  has  a  lance-shaped  and  somewhat  elongated 
?ad;  such  aiTows  were  made  only  when  they  could  get  a  cousidera- 


ETHNOLOOV. 


37 


Ic  irun  supply.  Xo.  8  is  l)OUf-tipi»ed.  1  could  not  leam  why  thv  point 
loiild  Iw  8o  litnt,  but  many  \mi\  tliein  ko,  aiitl  even  preffiTe<l  it.  All 
leir  urnnvs  w<*re  Inslifil  with  liuely T^epnrated  (leer  sinews.  The  feather- 
rnne*  weix'  nearly  alwviys  made  trom  the  i)i*ii«ju*iea  of  Strix  Hcanth'ovn  or 
haculujt  carho,  T\m  lUTows  were  all  short :  iu  fHct,  their  leujrth  (lepoudeil 
tinewhat  on  the  wood  snpply.  We  wero  unable  to  find  but  a  Kinirh* 
peeimen  of  Hint  arrow-heads  in  the  jjri'avcs. 

Tlie  bow  is  nmdo  from  reindeer  .intlei's;  the*n>  are  split,  nsin;:  only 
lie  of  tUw  halves  in  the  eonatruction  of  the  bow.  It  is  alwn.\8  unide  in 
three  pieces,  ingeniously  lashed  together.  On  the  bfick  of  the  bow  are 
three  or  more  utriugn,  made  lilie  the  lti»w-striug;  llieso  iira  fastened  at 
^^KJth  ends  of  the  bow,  and  also  securely  at  the  middle  of  the  back.  This 
^Bf  eoui-He  gives  a<lditioual  sli-ength  to  the  alVair,  and  is  a  rouvouient 
^■blce  to  carry  an  extra  stiing.  Tlie  bows  axij  very  short,  often  not  moi-e 
^Bian  tJiirty  inches.  Xot  every  Eskinnt  is  aide  to  mnnufacture  his  own 
^%ow;  but  each  eucampmont  has  generally  ni  least  one  skillwl  mechanic, 

who  supplies  the  reM. 

'         Bows  and  arrows  were  i>rincipally  used  in  the  <'apture  of  the  K*indeer» 

^^arOf  an«l  birds,  seldom  seals.    These  l)Ows  are  siui»nsiugly  elastic,  and 

^^lie  Kskimo  ait*  aide  to  use  them  witli  woudcrl'ul  de.vtcrity.     In  shooting 

th!8  weaiH>u,  the  string  is  placed  on  the  first  joint  of  the  tii-^t  and  second 

Htlngers  of  the  right  hand. 
[   Another  Eskimo  imjilemeut  fast  going  out  of  use  is  the  Mciral-y  or 
salmon  siM^ar.     A  glance  at  tht-  liguiv  will  give  a  better  idea  of  this  in- 
arument  than  we  can  express  in  words.    The  two  outside  tiues  are  each 
kbout  seven  inches  in  length,  au<l  are  made  of  reiuileerantlei'S.    Near 
10  tip  and  cnr\nng  inwaixl  is  a  tooth-like  pi-ong  nl>ont  one  and  three- 
onrtlis  iurhes  in  length.    The  iMiints  of  these  teelh  etmie  to  the  end  of 
le  middle  tine,  which  is  about  six  inches  in  length,  peifectly  sij-aight, 
ind  maile  from  walrus  Ivory.    Tlie  three  tiues  are  securely  laslie<l  to  a 
\4xe  of  the  Jaw-bone  of  the  whale,  of  varying  lengtli,  sometimes  only  a 
»ot.  but  often  two  or  three  feet.     'When  the  bone  shaft  is  too  short  to 
i-HC.  they  generally  ha^e  a  short  wooden  handle  lashed  to  it  to  make  it 
li*  desired  length.    The  two  outride  tines  of  this  spear  ai-e  very  elastic, 
id  spring  out  when  a  fish  is  struck,  but  close  again  when  the  Inwly  of 
le  fish  has  passed  beyond  the  tiHith  jioints  which  i>n»jeet  inwaiil.     It 
thus  impiKSsible  for  it  to  escape,  the  central  line  haWng  entcivd  the 

Another  instrument,  generally  used  in  connection  with  the  I'aJcival;  is 


I 


URAL    HISTOEY    OP   AUCTIC    AMERICA. 

^  ,  or  ivoiy  lisU-bnit*    It  i«  about  itmr  ineh*?8  iu  Itngib, 

ml  i»  II         lu  look  as  mucli  like  i\  fijsh  as  jiossible,    A  line  is  pjiswij 

tlu'otigh  tUe  niiddlo  of  the  back,  and  is  tiiKtened  on  tlit*  b41>  ;  lien-  i^  % 

uill  ivory  Look  thiit  readies  fix>m  an  iucL  to  twoinoln'sbvluwtljf  tisk, 

s  prindpal  use  of  the  ajakkaljujak  i*  iiot,  liowc'ver,  tu  Aofli- ti-«b,  hnt 

nre  them  ^vitbiu  reacli  of  the  siiear.    The  Eskimo  takes  his  ivory  d^ 

:  bobs  it  lip  anil  tlo\TU  in  the  water,  j^eiierally  in  a  tide  craok  wa 

the  ice  on  puiiiosc,  ami  \ratebe.s  till  he  yp)e«  a  fi^h  innkin^^  fni  it 

'    ?n  gently  begins  to  hniil  in  on  Lis  lint*,  if  tlie  fijsL  ibllow.'^  iLi*  lure^ 

itis'witliin  reach  of  his  spear;  sotnetiiues  a  grcuilyflfth  will  gwaUoir 

uiie  bnit  antl   get  cav   "        "  "      "  "         "  iiitive  gear.    At  the  prnK^ittf 

lay  they  seldom  use  th  iiMsh-hooks  aretmpplie^l  thriu  * 

'^om  tho  aliipsj  but  they  are  poor  tsij       len  eorupared  with  the  Gretn- 

One  little  iiupleineut  of  couipanitively  ini^ignificaut  importance  sfeioii 
not  to  have  been  supeE^seded  by  any  niodeni  substltnte  as  yiet.  It  istlw 
IcftiljuJi,  ib  HinnU  i)ieee  of  ivory  of  diU'ei-ent  wLajjeSj  nsed  to  iusiTt  in  liw 
lips  of  tlie  soal:^  "while  (b'agg:iug  theni  over  the  ice.  AVe  have  given  ilio* 
tratious  of  the  princiiial  patterns  we  tbiind  in  nso.  No.  S  is  the  siiinO'  u 
Ino.  7  when  seen  ik>m  the  top.  This  is  n  very  ingeiiious  piece  of  wort 
The  mam  body  of  the  piece  is  holkm%  and  the  ptu'tion  Xo.  11  has  a  hvnA 
which  prevents  it  j)ulliug  through,  but  at  the  same  time  turns  freely, 
and  prevents  the  Une  from  twisting  when  the  seal  tiu^s  over.  It  is  so 
well  made  that  the  inside  piece  cannot  be  got  through  any  of  the  oi>en- 
ings.  Xo.  3.  is  No.  2  seen  from  the  top.  No.  10  is  sometimes  used  as  a 
part  of  the  clasp  on  the  sealing  line.  Nos.  1,  4,  and  9  are  the  common- 
est patterns.  No  sealer's  line  is  without  one  or  more  of  these  imple- 
ments of  some  pattern  or  other ;  they  iire  all  made  from  walrus  ivory. 

Of  i)rime  hnportance  to  the  Eskimo  hunter  is  his  hook  for  catching 
the  young  seal.  Ilere  again  their  old  pattern  has  been  modified  by 
their  contact  with  the  whites.  A  glance  at  the  accompanying  figures 
will  sufficiently  explain  the  slia}>e  of  these  implements.  The  upper 
figuie  represents  the  ancient  pattern;  it  was  foun<l  in  a  grave  in  the 
Greater  Kingwah  Fjord,  but  so  much  decayed  as  to  fall  to  pieces  when 
handled ;  the  hook  part  was  made  from  a  i>oition  of  a  reindeer's  antler, 
with  a  small  barb  cut  near  the  point.  Its  resemblance  to  the  iron  hook 
of  the  present  day  is  very  apparent. 

The  sealing  hook  of  the  present  day  is  made  generally  from  a  discarded 
lance ;  the  handle  is  a  Ught  wooden  shaft  about  live  feet  in  length. 


ETHNOLOGY. 


39 


tUHtriiinent  is  iihcd  only  to  cuitcJi  tli«  youi»g  of  Puf/omtftt  fa'HdvH^ 
wliile  tbey  ore  still  in  tbe  \vhit<*  conts;  they  arc  can jflit  cither  while  lying 
■AcHiil<>  the  atluk  n\\  the  ice  <ir  while  still  in  the  snowbiirrow.  AVhen  an 
^KHkinio  .sees  w  young  seal  on  the  ice,  he  Ix'gins  to  make  hin  way  cautiously 
^Bowanl  it,  stopping  fi*e«inently,  anti  gi\ing  the  animal  ani[ile  opportunity 
^Hd  sati^iy  its  curiosity.  The  seal  will  work  its  head  and  fore  part  of  the 
^HcMly  in  a  jerky,  awkwanl  manner,  atul  keep  edging  neiu-er  and  nearer 
^^n  its  tttUi)i ;  tlie  Eskimo  watehes  eveiy  movement  of  the  Keal,  and  knows 
jiiJ't  the  proper  moment  to  advance  a  .step  or  two  and  then  .stop.  Thi.s 
mnna*nvre  is  kept  up  till  he  geta  near  enough  to  reach  the  seal  with  his 
k.  lie  then  makes  a  quick  jump,  at  the  same  time  striking  the  hixik 
fo  the  animal.  S<Mding  among  the  Cumheriand  Kskimo  is  sufficiently 
eserihed  under  onr  notes  on  Paf/omi/tf/atithtH,  in  the  reptirt  of  tliu  mani- 
als,  for  tus  to  leave  it  out  of  this  pai>er. 

Wlieu  a  seal-skin  is  about  to  be  pre|>ai*eil  for  tlrying,  the  blubber  Is 

t  removed  .somewhat  roughly;  the  sldn  is  then  laid  on  a  board,  and 

th  the  woman's  knife  the  membnine  underneath  the  Idubber  is  sep- 

tetl  from  tlur-skin.    The  knife  must  be  very  tflmrji  to  do  this  sncoesf}' 

Hy.    The  ojwra tors  always  push  the  knife  fiwu  them ;  it  takes  consid- 

bio  exporicncc  in  order  to  do  the  job  well.    "When  all  the  blublxr  is 

moved,  whi<'h  will  take  three  or  tbnr  hours  of  (aitlifnl  work,  the  skin 

taken  outside,  and  by  means  of  the  feet  is  rolled  and  rubbed  around 

thii  snow  for  some  time,  and  by  this  pnw^'ss  they  sua^eed  in  remo\ing 

very  trace  of  grease  from  the  hair.     When  thoroughly  washed,  the  skin 

put  upon  the  stretchers,  if  it  l>e  winter,  l(»  dry;  ihcse  stii'tehers  are 

erely  four  poles,  which  arc  lashed  together  at  the  comers  like  a  quilt' 

ine,  the  proper  distance  apart  to  suit  the  size  of  the  skin.    The  skin 

secuivd  in  place  by  seal-skin  Thongs  passed  thnmgh  little  slits  along 

A  edges  and  made  fa.st  to  the  imiIcs,    Wlu-ri  the  skin  is  pmperly  stretched 

I  upon  the  iVome,  it  is  put  above  the  lamps  inside  the  snow-hut  to  dry.  As 
bi^  siin  gets  high(*r  and  1>egins  I4)  have  sonit*  effect,  the  skins  aro 
Itrotched,  flesh  side  up,  on  the  simthern  sloiies  of  snow-banks,  and  are 
iecured  liy  means  of  wooilen  i)r  Ikjuc  iH»gs  al>out  a  fot>t  in  length.  As 
■be  season  advances  an<l  the  snow  melts  they  begin  to  stretch  the  skins 
kjHju  the  gi-ouud  by  means  of  tlie  lH*foi*e-mentione<l  iH'gs.  The  skins 
are  not  allowed  to  rest  upon  the  ground,  but  are  raised  a  few  inches  to 
allow  the  air  to  circulate  underneath.  Bkins  <lrj'  very  fast  when  exi)osed 
*  's  manner. 
i  tirat  days  of  spring  are  alwa>s  a  busy  time  with  llie  Eskimo 


I 


40  XATirRAL    HISTOUY    OF    ARCTIC    A^tERICA. 

*^ouii*]i.  One  tUiti^  is,  tb^y  get  more  fn^Uly  killed  akiuA  to  pre|hin.'f  ami 
tlieu  they  geiicnilly  bare  a  feiiriilu.s  stock  of  the  wint*M*s  catcall  whk-li 
tliej-  t'ouJd  uot  take  care  of  by  tbe  sbnv  i>rocesK  iiC  drying  over  ibr 
lutnim  iu  tbe  buts  duiiuij  wmttr,  Tbe  tikius  of  tbL>  >uuug  in  tbi*  white 
iKiats  arti  diied  iu  somt;  coui^idei-able  quau^itk'^,  hb  it  tHkt«  atKmt  lifUwA 
to  make  a  tfrngle  suit  of  clothes,  and  many  bavo  dmtbk  suit**  umdv  ftwn 
this  niateriul.  Tbey  have  no  idea  of  any  tau,  and  lafpaiv  tbi-  i»kins 
mertdy  by  nibbing  them  with  thcii'  i^kin  ecTtijier.s, 

We  insert  a  bketuh  of  a  very  old  skin-8craiierj  such  au  arc  now  fotiud 
only  ill  the  old  graves.  It  i^  made  of  stone,  witb  a  wooileu  hjuidkv 
which  is  faijteued  to  the  atone  by  means  of  a  strip  of  wbHk'lw)ni.\  Aii- 
otlior  iind  later  pattorn  is  made  fi'om  the  ^capulu  of  a  reindeer.  A  ln-t- 
tcr  idea  of  it^  make  can  be  got  ii'om  the  sketch  than  by  u  debcriiiliuiL 
Such  scrapers  are  still  ii\  use,  but  sei-ve  as  a  sort  of  auxiliary  to  a  seraiwi 
made  £i'om  a  tin  can,  resetubling  a  little  ^oop  in  ghape,  and  having  a 
woollen  Ijaudle.  Tliis  is  the  style  of  scraper  made  at  the  pi'ewnt  day, 
and  is  by  far  the  most  effective  instrument  of  tho  three.  The  tmiiuur 
of  usiii^  thes^e  scrapers  is  to  take  tiie  »kin  firmly  in  the  lett  hand  aiwl 
puttioi^  the  knee  or  foot  upon  the  lower  part  of  it  holding  it  we^^nvk. 
while  the  scraper  is  worked  with  the  ii^lit  baud,  puahiug  downwsinl 
witli  some  foi-e^.  If  the  skins  are  very  di^',  when  they  T>egin  they  iut^ 
eomewhat  aottened  by  rubbing  with  the  hand^,  or  even  chewing  lh« 
most  stubborn  parts.  They  continue  using  these  tools  upon  a  hide 
till  it  gams  the  desu'ed  pliability.  All  the  work  of  ^tretehing,  drj^iug, 
cleaidngj  washing,  and  lijoftening  the  .skins  falls  uixni  the  womeitL. 

The  skma  of  Phoca  harbata  are  stretehal  on  a  frame  like  thot^r  of 
nettsiek,  but  not  till  the  bail-  has  been  removed.   The  cutting  of  tlie 
is  one  of  the  naatie8t  and  most  disgusting  sights  one  eou  imagine    It 
erally  fall.^  to  the  lot  (»f  some  old  w  oman  to  do  this.    The  tikius  aio  alio 
to  lie  and  become  somewhat  putrid,  a  iwirtion  of  (he  blubber  reiuaiiiiii 
The  only  tool  u.'sed  i;^  the  woiaaifft*  knife  befoi^  meuttoned.     ^Vbl•uUll 
to  cleiin  one  of  these  skins,  the  sf^uaw  tabes  off  her  Ihh. 
pantaloonSy  and,  tiuking  her  feet  under  hei'  boily^  Lft> 
^reasy^  stinkuig  skin  on  her  bare  thigh,  ti)L*  llewh 
IHinht'^  the  knife  oijuinat  the  hau\  eutting,  or  itith 
hiT  hand  becomes  too  oily  to  hold  on  to  tlie  lilii, 
into  her  mouth,  and  thus  eleaiis  them.     NV 
<liied  in  the  manner  already  siiokeu  of,  esee 
of  the  auimtd  are  dried  separately,  as  the  skii 


A 


ETHNOLOGY.  41 

tiaaa  of  tbe  body,  aud  would  dry  uneveuly.  WTi«i  dry,  it  is  almost  as 
Btifl*  and  bard  as  a  boaitl.  Tliis  skin  is  used  mainly  for  the  soles  of 
lioots ;  the  pattern  is  cut  from  the  hide,  and  then  chewed  till  it  becomes 
sufficiently  softened  to  sew.  This  last  ox>eration  is  also  mainly  i>er- 
formed  by  the  old  squaws.  When  they  are  too  old  to  sew,  they  become 
oojook  chewers  as  the  last  resort,  and  when  their  teeth  fail  them  they 
are  better  off  in  the  gi-aA-e. 

Seal-skihs  ai-e  also  manufacture<l  into  drinking  cups ;  such  cups  gen- 
erally have  a  depth  aud  diameter  of  about  three  inches.  A  short, 
straight  piece  of  Ijone,  mostly  the  humerus  of  a  gull  or  duck,  is  sewed 
into  the  upper  rim  on  one  side,  projecting  outside  about  two  inches  and 
a  half;  this  serves  for  a  hau<lle.  The  hair  side  of  the  skin  is  usetl  for 
the  inside  of  the  vessel.  Larger  vessels,  somewhat  resembling  a  small 
sack,  were  used  to  cany  water  in  at  theii*  encampments;  but  when  out 
traveling,  they  mostly  carrj*  their  water  supply  in  a  seal's  stomach,  i)re- 
pared  for  the  purpose. 

We  would  natiu-ally  ex})ect  these  peoi>le  to  be  veiy  exi>ert  in  nmkiug 
Tarlous  devices  for  capturing  their  game  in  traps  or  snares.  This  does 
not  seem  to  be  the  case,  however.  They  make  a  fox-trap,  which  is  nothing 
more  than  a  little  i*ound  liut  of  ice,  with  a  hole  in  one  side  just  large 
enough  for  the  fox  to  crawl  into.  Inside  the  hut  is  a  large  slab  of  ice, 
which  rests  horizontally  upon  a  small  upright  piece  of  ice ;  the  end  of 
the  ui>right  rests  on  the  bait,  and  wlien  the  fox  pnlls  at  the  meat  he 
draws  the  upright  down,  and  the  ice  slab  falls  upon  him  aud  he  is  a  sure 
prisoner. 

Another  manner  of  catching  foxes  is  to  make  an  ice  house  mnch 
larger,  so  high  that  a  man  can  readily  stand  up  in  it.  A  small  funuel- 
shai>ed  hole,  just  large  enough  to  admit  the  fox,  is  nmde  at  the  top  of 
the  structure,  aud  the  bait  is  hung  inside  Just  out  of  his  reach.  The 
fox  will  work  a  long  time  trying  to  secure  it,  and  Anally  crawl  in  and 
jump  down  upon  the  tloor  of  the  hut,  but  then  he  is  imable  to  get  out 
again. 

A  sort  of  snare  is  sometimes  made  for  hares.  It  is  nothing  moi*e  than 
a  se^-skin  line,  with  a  number  of  slip-nooses  niton  it;  this  is  laid  across 
the  mns  of  the  animals,  or  upon  their  feeding-grounds.  They  aix»  often 
caught  in  this  manner;  but  the  foxes  are  generally  the  only  ones  bene- 
flted  by  thecai*ture;  all  that  the  Eskimo  finds  is  a  little  hair  and  a  few 
bones  the  next  morning. 

Birds  are  sometimes  snared  in  about  the  same  timnner,  except  that 


42 


NATURAL   HISTOKV    OF   ARCTIC    ASrERJCA. 


tlicy  iiso  tinely  braided  deor  siucwi«i  for  tlie  sniircA.  iniitcod  of  tKrolDkii 
They  tako  a  good  innuy  eiders  on  tlioir  iienta  iu  tbiH  maimer. 

AVhoii  trnvc'linj;  ovor  the  frozen  wastes  in  winter  they  nxe  !«!jow-*lit> 
T1k»8«  an;  half-ni04)U-sliui)ed,  of  whalebone,  witli  Keitl-^kiii  tlionpiti;;ht]j 
drawn  across.  They  are  about  sixteen  inelies  long.  Another  jMitit 
is  nieivly  a  frauie  of  wood,  about  the  sauie  len;^h,  and  eight  or  t( 
iuehes  wide,  with  seal-slcin  thongs  for  the  foot  to  rest  on.  As  thfir  iUtp 
feet  often  get  very  sore  while  traveling  ou  onusty  snow,  they  uiafce  iltn 
little  niocea-sins  (»f  seal-skin  to  proteet  the  feet. 

Nearly  all  the  Kskiiuo  become  snow-blind  iu  spring,  though  thoy 
eye-blinkers  of  wi,Mjd.  Tltese  are  only  a  jtieee  of  \rotMl  fiMiug  Howl 
over  the  eyes,  and  having  a  horizontal  slit  about  one-sixteeiiTlt  of 
inch  ^vide;  it  afloitls  a  g4«id  deal  of  protection  to  the  eye,H,  bnt  tJicjr 
geuemlly  not  put  on  till  the  coudition  of  their  ej-es  forbid*  th»«in  gdi 
without.  Some  eye-blinkers  of  lM>ne  wen*  found  m  a  grave;  they  «ti 
aiiparently  very  t>ld,  jind  of  a  ditterent  pattern,  but  so  tuurh  d<ray«lM] 
not  to  admit  of  lunuUing. 

All  the  Cuniberhuid  Eskimo  of  the  present  ihiy  have  sle<Iges  af  wnal 
Tliis  has  either  been  bnrtere«l  from  the  whideinen  or  seeuitil  from  tbijj 
\nveks  of  ships.     There  an*,  neviMiheless,  siime  ri'nmins  ocouiifmiiDy] 
found  of  sledges  tbat  were  coniixised  cntirt'I.v  of  Imne,  whales'  jaw-liot 
ai)parently.    They  were  nmde  in  many  pieces,  :ind  ingenioufjy  Mii 
together.    All  their  sh^dge8  of  the  pi'esent  day  aiv  sIkmI  with  boncmiJ] 
wheu  alH)nt  to  undertake  a  journey  they  jHjur  warmed  UKmkI  u|Mm  tl 
luuler  surfiice  of  the  bone  shoeing;  some  use  wati-r,  but  This  do^n*  i»< 
last  nearly  so  long  as  bloo<lj  and  is  nnu'e  apt  tti  i-hip  oft".    This 
makes  a  very  smooth  suiface,  anil  also  pn^iteets  the  runners.    All  Ihf^ 
sledges  have  a  sort  of  upright  on  the  back  end.     This  in  nothing; 
than  a  deei''s  head,  with  the  antlers  attached,  tlie  antler>i  Wiig  IjikIii 
ou  the  top  edge  of  either  ranner.    Tliis  serves  for  a  variety  of  p»r|H» 
aiul  is  very  handy  indeed. 

The  kyack  of  the  Cundh:>rliUid  luuit  doi-x  imh  -.ff-iii  i«»  hare  m  *-' 

any  change  iu  pattern  since  the  whites  amie  among  them.  ^"^ 
erafTfc  are  extremely  rude  and  bulky,  compareil  with  the  GnjenUndt 
kyack;  neither  do  they  conjpaiv  with  the  ClreruhuHlers  in  rxfiertuf*^ 
its  use.  These  kyacks  aiv  mostly  so  large  tliiit  they  wouhl  rtJidily  <^i 
two  persons,  and  quite  heavy.  They  do  not  raiTj-  so  mnch  g*'ar  "I<"l 
their  kyacks  as  the  GnH»nlanders;  the  seid  spear,  T\-aInis  sjn-ar.  awl  hf 
spear,  with  their  reR|)eetive  lines, aiH*  about  all,  nide****  lUeynJvunM'woi 


KTHXOLOO^  ^^^^^^W        43 

kiiul  of  gvimcj  as,  for  iuHtaucts  benrs;  thru  the.v  carry  u  War 
ICO,  which,  however,  <Uk*s  not  lUiUiMiiiDy  ilitti  r  tVoni  tiie  wLuIc  luiict*. 
le  omiakj  or  woman's  skin  boat,  is  now  r4uv  anions  them,  as  they  are 
to  i>n.»cure  wliaU'-l»oa.t?i  from  sliipH,  and  one  boat  will  aft'omnio- 
ilufc  sevcnil  families.  Some  of  thebc  boats  still  exist  iii  the  vicinity  of 
yu;;uni»MitL'  ami  fartlicr  south.    It  iiH|uirctl  aUont  tittccn  skinH  of  riioai 

»hnt4i  Xii  cousn-iu't  oiu\  ami  jsovcrul  ycaiV  accuunilation  of  »lrift-wtKKU 
t  wems  vt'r>*  [in)babk'  that  bctoj-e  the  a4lvent  of  whalemen  they  pmc- 
ticed  a  grwit  many  rites  aiiU  cerenionics,  uiaiiy  of  which  iire  now  obso- 
let4*,  or  exist  only  in  tnulition.  8ouietiine8  t»ne  of  these  old  customs  will 
be  repeated,  but,  n.-i  a  ;renerul  tliinjr,  not  in  the  prwicnce  of  a  wliite  man. 
if  tJiey  can  heli>  it. 

One  of  theee  cnstonm,  wliich  possesses  n  goiMl  deal  ttf  interest,  is  tUeii* 
'  inatiuer  of  pveting  a  stranger.  When  a  stranger  airives  at  an  eneami)- 
ment,  and  is  persunally  unknown  to  all  tu'  the  major  i>ortiou  of  the 
JDhnbitants  of  the  village,  he  receives  an  introductiou  after  the  Ibllow- 
mg  manner:  The  villagers  (the  men)  form  themselves  into  a  single 
rank,  all  of  them,  with  the  exception  of  the  stranger  and  the  head  am^oot 
of  tlic  village,  having  hare-skin  mittens  on;  Ihey  then  begin  a  monoto- 
nons  singing  chant,  keeping  time  with  theii*  arms,  swinging  iheai  iu 
frcnit.  raising  the  hand  as  high  as  the  shoulder,  with  arm  slightly  bent^ 
and  then  descrilung  a  half  circle  by  lowering  the  hands  as  far  a^  the 
abdomen.  Finally,  the  omont  and  the  stranger  step  out  from  the  iiiuks 
and  face  one  another,  lioth  ha\e  mittens  of  seal-skin.  The  stranger 
complfU!ently  folds  his  arms  over  liis  breast,  and  inelines  his  head  to 
one  side,  so  as  to  fhUy  exjiose  his  cheek,  while  the  atwttot  deals  hint  a 
terrible  blow  on  it,  sometimes  felling  him  to  the  ground.  The  two  actors 
now  change  ]»arts,  and  it  becomes  the  strangers  turn  to  strike,  which 
be  does  with  a  vengeance  j  the  two  then  kiss  eiich  other,  and  the  cere- 
mony is  over.  The  stranger  is  now  duly  initiated  to  share  in  any  and 
all  their  customs,  and  due  hospitality  is  shown  him  by  all.  Among  his 
Jpvileges  he  can  also  choose  for  himself  a  wife  during  his  sojourn. 
^^jit»ther  cnstom,  which  was  once  very  popuhir,  is  the  f(>Uowing:  An 
nnvwtt  lb-esses  himself  up  in  the  most  hideous  maimer,  having  several 
pairs  of  pants  on,  iimong  the  rest,  and  a  horri<l-hM»king  mask  of  skins. 
The  men  and  women  now  range  themselves  in  separate  and  opiwsite 
ranks,  and  the  ancoot  takes  his  place  between  them.  He  then  picks 
out  a  uuiu  and  conducts  him  to  a  woman  in  the  oi)]>o8it4«  i-anks.  This 
couple  then  go  to  the  woamn's  hut  and  have  a  grand  syiree  for  a  day 


hB% 


NATURAL    Hli^TORT    OF   AHCTIC 


or  two.  This  manner  of  iiixicwdiug  18  kept  uii  t 
flrir  (Ifh^msiM  of.  TLi8  one  is  always*  tlie  amvo 
Bvvyva  for  liimf^elf  Tins  iieople  tUus  asseuible 
known  to  him,  and  he  understands  pi'ettj'  t^tll 
to  meet  general  ai»pn>batioii.  | 

MTjt^n  thi'  wtniien  have  their  inontlily  course^ 
visit  the  ship,  or  even  eiicL  other.s'  huts. 

The  (lea<:l  are  generally  eovered  with  a  little 
ov^  as  to  form  a  sort  of  tomb.  It  is  also  qiiitf 
time  to  leave  the  dead  fully  e^tpoised  ut>ou  the 
have  a  greathorrorof  Landliug  aeoipse^so  thatv 
he  U  carried  ovt  fo  ffi>,  and  vrhei'e  be  lays  the  sto 
hun.  The  hunting  iiiiplenients  and  many  of  the ' 
are  i>ut  by  him ;  such  thing.s  as  he  will  need  ft» 
the  rest  outmth  of  the  grave.  "We  ha^e  foiual  in 
of  pxii  dogSj  remnins  of  a  Rledge^  whip,  &c.j  i 
of  n  rtt^om^B  ff^Ufhm,  The  right  femur  of  the 
grave  Wits  deformed,  aud  liad  the  appearanee  of 
nUowed  to  grow  together  without  .setting.  lie 
ing  life,  and  the  dogs  and  sledge  had  Ijeeu  give 
tate  his  traveling  to  the  happy  hnnting-groundi 
disf'overed  portions  of  a  kyack.  That  decayed 
and  all  tlieir  Jiuntiiig  imiOements,  wei-e  at  one 
^'ery  npiitii-ciit;  hnt  of  late  yeara  tliey  have  m  \ 
it  is  THj  longer  necessary  for  the  articles  to  rema: 
tuken  out  and  nsed  by  the  rehitives.  In  very 
tin  enp8  iintl  i»ots,  knives,  and  even  one  fork  ai 
«*]i»l!),  im'dles,  thread,  thiniblc,  aotl  in  one  a  pi 
Wn'/Jij  ni.:irsp<ipvt%  tixh  for  ment,  &c. ;  in  fact, 
treasmtirt  of  the  deceiiseih  The  nioi-e  valnableo 
Mde,  and  would  undoulitetlly  soon  have  berii  a 
tives.  Tliis  is  tht»  rvasoTj  that  so  little  is  found 
day.  In  the  old  gi"avea  the  wood  and  bone  iui] 
vciy  fast)  and  can  seldom  Ik^  Imndle+l  without  f;i 
pnves  contain  entito  or  partial  skeh-toni^  of  ^on 
the  nrlsifk  seid.  This  w^is  put  in  for  food,  i 
gra\i'.s  contiiin  the  peifcct  ii^keleton  of  the  Jiuu 
and  foxps  desprjil  thr  ^'aves,  and  scatter  the  b*m 
in  soliloin  that  these  tombj*  are  no  well  ccmfttracl 
tear  them  down. 


Aft  a  i-ule,  th<*y  are  not  kiiul  to  tbi?  agetl  or  fovble.  We  kuow  of  one 
inRtance  where  au  old  crijtple,  vrho  bud  uo  one  wbo  would  rccoguwo  bis 
rttUboiity,  wom  oljliged  to  go  Ketiling  tVir  hiinHolf.  lie  bud  but  une  dog, 
uud  no  sled ;  mk  fakiiijr  a  .*4tal-skin  an<l  iillowinpr  tbo  dojit  to  drag  it,  h*t 
WrtH  conveyt*d  to  tbe  (>ojdiug-grouiid  i«i  this  nuvt'l  rnuveyaiiw.  Tlierv 
wei^  every  duy  birge  sleds  leaving  tbe  oiieauipuieut,  but  no  one  uflei-ed 
to  hi?!]!  the  old  man,  iw  there  was  no  prospeet  of  his  being  able  to  i*eeij»- 
roeate  tbo  tU\or. 

Anitnig  their  many  9ii[Kn'Stition»  iiotionH,  the  wearing  (»f  cbiirnitt  about 
the  pei'son  is  one  of  the  moat  eoxioas.  Tlieso  aw?  ealled  amffooukj  or 
fimtuifj  aiid  may  be  nothing  but  pieties  of  bone  or  wooil.  birds*  bills  or 
rlawrt,  or  nn  animars  teeth  or  skin.  To  tUew*  eliarms  rhey  attribute 
Mtpernatural  powers,  and  Iwlieve  tbeui  to  be  ablo  to  keep  tlie  weiuvr 
from  Niekii«88  or  nuHfortune.  It  in  a  common  custom  lor  tbe  witb  to 
Ibrow  a  i»iece  of  seal's  blubber  on  her  husband-s  kyack  when  he  is  about 
ti>  go  bunting;  tluH  will  give  him  sutM-e-ss.  Little  stripn  of  deer-Kkiri  an* 
bung  alHjut  the  i>erson  in  diiVereut  places  to  in«ure  sueeess  in  Home  untler- 
takiug  or  to  ward  off  some  miHlbrtune,  real  or  imagimuMt'.  TVe  diHCov- 
t;ixtf  one  of  those  charms,  which  seemed  to  iw)sses»  nnnsnal  interest.  It 
w»»  worn  by  a  little  girl  about  eigbt  years  old.  She  had  a  samll  envel- 
ope of  seal-skin  that  was  worn  on  the  buck  of  her  iusiiU*  jacket.  We 
ncceede<l  ui  bribing  her  gi'audmotber  to  show  iia  the  contents  of  the 
enveloi)e,  wliich  prove<l  to  be  two  small  stones,  the  one  a  bluish  lliut,  the 
iitber  apparetitltf  im-teoric  iron.  Tlie  tradition  connected  with  these 
ittoues,  tbe  gi'audmother  said,  is  that  a  \ery  hmg  time  ago  an  Kskimo, 
from  whom  she  was  a  lineal  descendant,  bad  discovere*!  tlie  iron,  and 
LimI  i>ieked  uj>a8toae  to  break  a  piece  oflT  and  take  home  wit  li  bim; 
"hot  when  be  struck  the  iron  lire  fleu'  fioui  it,  aiul  he  soon  learned  how 
to  make  use  of  this  accidental  tUscovery,  au<l  becanu^  a  givat  man  among 
the  people.  At  this  point  we  lost  tbe  threa^l  of  the  old  woman's  narrative, 
and  all  we  cotdil  further  learn  was  tbat  tht^se  two  small  pin^es  bud  lieen 
j»rejiervcd  iu  the  family  for  successive  generations,  and  were  inhcritifd  by 
Iter  from  her  mother,  and  that  she  luul  now  given  them  to  Iier  grandchild, 
lUe  child's  mother  Ix-ing  dead,  Tlie  child  will  in  turn  give  it  to  her 
•bildren.  She  thought  this  charm  iff  inestimable  value^  and  could  not 
le  indnce^l  to  part  with  it,  for,  sbe  said,  "No  one  has  yet  tiled  while 
wearing  this  clianu.'* 

Aiiother  clmrm  of  gi-eat  value  to  tbe  mother  wbo  ba«  a  yoiuig  babe 

tbe  canine  tooth  of  the  iK)lar  bear.    This  is  usetl  as  a  kind  of  clasp  to 


LTLTRxU.   HISTORY   Or    ARCTIC    AMERICA. 


Up. 


fy  wliich  passes  aroui^d  the  IxiUy  and  keeps  the  bi«dtU 
npjily  cannot  fail  wliile  slie  weai-s  tbis. 
>i?cm*^*f  by  long  j>ractice  become  fjuite  €Oiiii>et<?nt  ju^j- 
tiike  advautarre  to  i^.lio\v  oft'  tlw^ir  jwwei'a  to  tiie  ediflo. 


tion  of  tbeir  Jiiendei*  A  coumiou  nick  with  a  fiill-fl^Mlged  ancootaiA 
come  auddenly  into  u  liut  with  a  liar[>oou  toggled  on  his  bi-e.afit,  aiHli)i« 
litindle  sticking  in  ki^j  buck,  the  wound  bleetlin^  pivfusoly,  Such  (k'tnon- 
Btrationa  make  a  lasting* iinpiessiot!  uikhi  the  inind.s  of  thusi.' whomt- 
rif  s»  it,  and  it  becomes  no  k-ss  miin'cloiis  wlicn  iimy  see  tUut  ho  Hurvivt-s, 
without  even  :    nark  after  tlie  wound, 

Averyintei      "   ^'^-'^' 
man,  as  i^eganis 
came  bo  of  ita         Ut  i_^ 
thei-e  grew  i         m  tlie  i  u 

thumbs  {1)^^11*       n         is  i>air     o 
whom  they  ei      ?<      'net,  or  a       mtk 
Eskimo  woman  at  one  time  gave  hi 
latt-er  sho  put  in  an  old  1x>ot,  and 
"  Go  Uencej  and  become  white  peop; 
on  the  sc£t,  aitd  their  skips 


■k  they  tell  'a»  to  Ihf  uriffinof 
iitig  of  all  things.  They  say  it 
an  thoy  t^ay  :  In  the  bcgiuntut' 
le  got  a  wife  fi'oiD  one  of  hjit 
m  originated*  But  the  whiu-^ 
;y  bare  sprtuig  from  rfoiy**  An 
human  beings  and  dogs.  Tlie>e 
tkeni  out  into  tku  8e%  eayiuf, 
From  tkis  they  say  wliites  li»'i' 
3  Inuit.s'  boots,  round  at  boUi 


^he  followiug  list  coutains  little  else  than  Jl-agnientaiy  notes  on  snch 
|^ii«  UH  I  procui'ed,  or  witL  certainty  iiletUiljeiK  during  my  .slutrt  hu- 
(oninin  tbe  northern  waters  of  CiimlxTlnud  Soiuid  (tUo  Uogortli  Sound 
of  Penny),  at  about  lat.  C7°  X. 

fio  n?^on  about  oiu*  winter  harbor  was  niarvelously  barren,  and  very 
mammals  are  found  there,  lis  hn-ation  is  .such  that  many  of  the 
Bpecie^  that  frequent  the  southern  waters  ai-e  sehlom  found  about  An- 
naftactook,  as  it  is  so  far  "  inland."  It  is  a  rarity  for  a  bear  to  stray  up 
li|jB0Uud  any  distance,  and  some  of  the  seals  and  most  of  the  cetaeeaus 
■iouly  t>f  iri\'g:tilar  oceuiTence. 

^ear  the  soutliem  entrance  of  the  sound,  however,  the  haq*  seal,  polar 
bear,  walniSf  and  many  of  the  cetaceans,  are  regidar  visitors.  1  have 
Q«t  the  least  doubt  that  ujany  cetaceans  are  found  in  these  waters  that 
^  dill  not  see.  Shoiild  1  iduce  conlidence  in  the  infoiiuatioii  of  whale- 
*eii  ret^anliug  whales,  I  could  easily  make  out  many  si>ecies,  and  some 
r«iy  marvelous  ones;  but  my  exi)erience  has  been  that  whalemen  gen- 
*t*Uy  are  not  to  be  rehed  upon  in  this  matter,  as  they  confound  species 
©«ach  H  degree  that  one  can  never  unravel  the  snarl,  and  their  owu 
*^culiar  nomenclature  makes  matters  worse  instend  of  better. 

Aly  stay  was  also  nnudi  too  short  for  anything  like  a  satisfactoi'y  inves- 
Btion  of  certain  interesting  ju-oblems.  I  wns  even  obliged  to  leave 
Ve  valuable  Hkeletnns,  and  could  have  prncmxMl  manyntore  had  there 
(Sen  any  place  to  stow  them  away  on  shipboard. 

Tliere  seems  to  lie  a  prevalent  belief  among  the  Kskimo,  us  well  as  the 
"Utilemcn,  that  the  mammals  have  dlsaiii)eared  from  this  sectitm  of 

Ktr>*  at  a  woudei*fuI  rate  within  the  last  few  years,     1  found  the  re- 
Aof  TrichechuH  rcuduarun^  Ctstophorn  cnstattiy  and  Ufsus  maritimiiJt  in 
t»i»  ancient  kitcheumiddens  In  Kingwah  F.jonl.  in  locabties  whei-o  Ihc4$e 
occur  at  the  pi^sent  day  only  as  raix^  8trapglei>.    It  is  hunlly 

<  -;>.i;>le  that  such  hu^ge  animals  could  have  been  brought  any  distance, 

47 


48  NAXrRAL    HISTORY    uF    AKTTIC    AMERFCA. 

60  they  wiifit  fit  a  companitively  recent  date  linve  been  ibuiul  in  llw 
immeiliate  viciuity.  I  could  find  no  trace  of  tin*  uni8k-i»x,  or  anjr  Kskiiwi 
tbatluul  si^t^u  one;  but  almost  any  of  tbeiii  could  d<\sonlw  the  luiiuiiil 
very  intelligently,  and  would  tell  you  they  are  I'ound  I'ar  to  tbi*  imrtli. 
The  Eskimo  name  for  th\»  aiiimal,  ^^omiuginiik,*^  is  by  no  ui«aii«n  rai^j 
wtme  among  them,  and  it  is  possible  that  they  were  once  found  on  Cnoi 
berland  Island,  bnt  are  now.  extinct,  as  otiier  siieeiew  are  in  iifairwn,V(»fj 
be<;ouiing. 

The  vicinifcj-  of  the  Ivikkerton  Ii^lauds  offers  many  advantages*  In  \ 
mituralist ;  it  is  now  a  i>erinanent  whaling  station,  and  a  jterson  cent  I  ai 
any  lime  secure  thi*  valnable  a.ssistanceof  natives,  besides  having  aniptc 
conveniences  for  drying,  stoAnng,  &c.  It  would  be  comparatively  t»«T 
to  secure  a  good  skeleton  of  an  adult  right  "whale  at  tliis  phav  if  a  \iet 
son  wont  about  it  in  the  pro|>er  manner.  Almost  any  of  the  smalKtci'i* 
eeans,  and  all  the  seals,  adult,  young,  and  f(etal,  ronld  be  secnrwliita 
vrry  m'riing  outlay  of  ])resent.s  to  the  Eskimo. 

1.  Ursus  znaritiinuB,  Lhiii(^. 

"Naiiuok,''  CuiiLluTlaml  KdIciuio.  ^ 

It  is  a  rare  occurrence  to  tlnd  a  bear  any  distance  up  Cnmbttrliuvl  H 
8onml ;  they  are  counuon  about  Cape  Mercy,  Shaumeer.  :uid  Xu^tuucalii  " 
but  seldom  stray  above  Xiantilio,  or  the   KtUkerton  IslamU.    I>1"* 
JCiantilic,   im  the  southern  side  of  Bear  Sound,  in  the  vicinity  of  nlwl 
the  Eskimo  call  Okaglik  an<l  Ivokaluyah,  they  an*  quite  i>lcxiiy*   M»u) 
ai*e  captured  licre  every  year,  especially  in  spring,  by  the  Eskuuo,  ^bo 
fearlessly  attack  them  in  their  frail  kyacks,  but  are  iifi-iid  of  tlnini  «mi 
the  ice  or  land.     From  Xugumente  to  lUulson's  Straits  thcyHpjK-arl 
1)6  even  more  plenty,  and  westwaixl,  in  the  northern  waters  of  lJud*« 
Bay,  whalemen  often  procui'e  twenty  or  mitn*  skins  In  a  sc*astm. 

In  October,  1877,  an  enormous  female  with  twocubn  jmid  U»e  Eski 
encampment,  at  the  Kiltkertou   Islands,  a  visit.    They  Mwam  tiv«  I 
Halmon  Fjonl,  prohably  scenting  a  dead  whale  th:U^  wbh  onthe  be^'hi) 
the  huts.    The  bears  made  a  lively  time  among  the  hnt«,  iumI  a  *^\ 
siderable  outlay  of  anminnitiou  and  dogs  was  made  befoiv  t'l 
timilly  captured.    There  wck*  abotu  two  hundivd  dogs  and  haii 
natives,  besides  the  crews  of  two  wImlerH:  all  tiiis  motley'  cjuwd  nuulr 
on  the  iHfars;  one  of  the  whaling  captains,  a  little  braver  thiw  lite 
got  t*.Mi  close  to  the  old  bear,  and  .-.lie  dealt  him  a  blow  uT     :    ' 
his  xuu  many  feet  into  a  snowl>ank  ;  she  then  began  to  h 
Uini,  but  was  prevented  by  the  Eskimtt  and  dogK    Ayimi 


MAMMAtS. 


49 


•ed  in  »  similar  manner,  but  8nstain<xl  quite  serious  injuries.    Great 
lAUTuation  find  f**ar  jirpvailtHl  ainoui^  thy  women  and  L-hildroii,  aud 
lueinoniWe  night,  when  the  nnmioJceit  besieged  their  r|Uiet  LMmp, 
long  a  lively  toiiio  of  eonversatiou. 

'hen  the  norence  took  the  x>ack-ice  ofl'  Cape  Mercy,  a  hn«:e  mole  was 

denly  e(*pic<l  alougrwde,  but  he  did  his  best  to  f^et  awjiy  an  Itist  as 

ible;  a  boat  waj^  h»\vered  and  hit*  cai»liiro  waK  a«  flevoid  of  excite- 

it  a8  the  killinj;  of  a  sheep  in  a  barnyard.     We  had  at  this  time  six- 

Etskimo  and  thirty  doga  on  d<?clvj  an<l  the  greater  portion  of  the 

It  was  utilized  an  footl  by  one  or  tlie  other  without  any  s^nnptouis  of 

oiuufT*    During  the  seuNo a  that  Pa</ojntfH /(rtuJus  haxG  ihmr  yonng^ 

bear«  bO|pu  to  wander  up  the  tjordH  in  search  of  tliem,  and  are  at 

time  often  found  a  considerable  dintance  from  thaoi>en  water. 

In  flnd  al>ont  the  ohl  stone-hut  fouiidiUions  in  the  neighborhood  of 

inannrtook  I  found  the  remains  <tf  bears.     There  is  a  Htory  among  the 

10  that  the  bear,  walrtw,  and  hotnled  seal  were  once  plenty  there, 

for  some  cause  do  not  now  frequent  the  locality.    A  very  young  enb 

was  secured  in  April  by  a  SliaiuneiT  Kskimo.    Tlie  ncinity  of  <'iipo 

)Tvy  is  one  of  the  moat  fie^inenteil  locahties  for  bears;  here  they  come 

on  the  pnek-ice  with  the  cuirent  from  the  north.    Kskimo  from 

i-egion  noriliwaixl  in  Cumberlaud  are  in  the  habit  of  coming  hero 

liDut  theju. 

TnlpM  lagopoa.  Linn^. 

"T'lnynuuik,*'  Cuuiliorland  E«kinio. 

,Tbe  Arctic  fox  is  quite  common  on  both  sides  of  Cumberland  in  all  suit- 

localities.   During  the  winter  they  often  fare  badly,  and  become  quite 

mdent  when  presses!  by  hunger,  even  coming  upon  the  schooners' 

sk.H  at  night.    They  were  a  source  of  auuoyance  as  well  as  aninjsement  to 

■ai'ound  01U*  observatory.  We  were  not  tlio  fortunate  inKsses-nors  (»f 
igh  gln.ssto  let  the  light  in  throtigh  the  wall  of  snow  that  sniTrninded 
tent^  so  we  had  recomse  to  oiled  sheeting  stretched  over  tlie  a\yev- 
',  iKirrowing  the  idea  from  tiie  Eskimo  window  of  seal  intestine.     But 

[vre  had  no  dogs  alxmt  owe  snow  house,  the  foxes  became  so  Iwhl 
Ing  the  long  cold  nights  of  winter  that  they  often  came  and  sat 
rnd  (ho  8tovepi|>e  that  projecte<l  through  the  roof  of  the  tint.  Our 
[i  windows  had  to  be  n'piiired  very  often,  ns  they  would  tear  them 
n  and  cat  them  for  the  oil  the  doth  contained.  It  was  almost 
ikviible  U»  <'.at4h  them  witli  a  stwl  trap.  I  tied  the  bait  underneath 
tongue,  and  careftdly  placed  the  trap  in  a  little  excjivation  in  the 
Ball.  Kat,  Mu«.  No.  15 4 


5 


50 

snow,  ami  covered  tUe  wbole  with  suow;  but  tliey  <lug  Iwncath  th* 
and  secured  the  bait  fi-<>tn  below,  ofttMi  even  without  upviu^JEiHK  tlie  li 
With  au  ice  trap  made  after  the  Eskimo  pattern  I  w;u3  more  KUfreHwl 

As  soon  as  the  seals  be^n  pupxung,  tlie  foxes  fare  l>etter;  this  w: 
is  iu  fact  the  graud  banqueting  time  for  those  auiiunLs,  after  the  1( 
sufferings  and  privations  of  winter.  At  this  season  (March,  ApHI.iii 
^la.vj,  they  desti-oy  a  great  many  young  seals.  I  have  often  found 
remains  of  tJie  seals  so  well  sl-innetl  and  eleaiietl  that  it  seems  imj 
ble  it  conUl  Jiavo  been  done  by  an  animal.  They  begin  by  biting  th 
akin  around  the  mouth,  and  drawi]ig  the  entire  animal  tlirough  thoapf^l 
tui'e,  and  tanking  the  sliin  inside  out;  even  tlie  dii»perfi  are  drawn  thwiigli 
to  the  nails,  aud  every  vestige  of  the  meat  remove*!.  Xor  istbctikin 
bitten  in  the  lea^,  althoagh  it  Is  Unely  cleaned  of  all  the  fat.  Bat  tb 
most  remaikable  part  of  all  is,  that  the  skeleton  reniains  intact  and  tody 
cleaned.  When  the  Eskimo  find  such  skins,  they  always  make  \m  U 
them,  m  they  ore  quite  as  well  skinned  as  if  they  had  done  It  iheohi 
selves.  The  white  variety  ap|)ear8  to  be  much  more  abundant  than  tbe 
blue.  Aecouling  to  the  Eskimo,  the  two  varieties  Interbreedf  uid  tlio 
young  are  sometimes  dark  aud  both  parents  white,  and  rice  verm*  Dur- 
ing the  winter  months  they  congregate  in  considerable  number*  abtMit 
any  carcass,  especially  a  whale,  and  get  themselves  thoroughly  bogriawl 
witli  grease. 

It  often  hajipeus  that  some  venturesome  fellow  snccee<ls  iu  fettaniT^ 
upon  the  ducks'  island,  in  bi'ee<ling  time,  by  means  of  the  ii^e^  vatH  ^ 
left  there 5  but  when  the  buxls  leave  he  geta  enough  shellfish,  &c^ 
low-wat^T  to  live  on  till  the  ice  makes.  If  they  are  a  short  disiauce  ffflttl 
the  mainland  or  from  other  island.*;,  they  do  not  hesitate  to  take  i*»  tl»e] 
water. 


3.  Canla  familiarla,  LiuD^,  var.  borealla. 

"  Kidmik,"  ur  "  Mikkie/'  Cnmberliuid  Edciiuo. 
As  niijilit  be  expe4:te<l,  Miedogsof  tbeCnniberlaud  Eskimo  ari-aflliit*^ 
witli  the  nmeh  dicaded  rabies.     I  paid  cousideiiiblc  attention  to  tb 
subject,  in  hopes  of  being  able  to  throw  some  light  on  the  caiuie  of 
disease,  but,  like  many  others  before  me,  with  little  success.    In  tlie  i 
place,  80  fiir  as  the  dogs  nbout  our  \\int4'r  harbor  wen'  wwu^enie^lfttK 
then^  iut>.  other  causes  l>ei^ides  the  so-cidled  hydrophobiik  that  U 
their  ranks,  though  when  a  dog  dies  (his  is  alwa.vs  the  canM* 
Some  of  the  best  dogs  that  dietl  at  Annamictook  Uuiiug  the  winter 
1877-78  died  from  injuriej*  Indicted  on  the  head  by  a  club  in  the  \i^< 


mammals!  ^      51 

mafttors.    After  these  tlogs  wore  di-sablcil  tLoy  wunileivd  obuut 

M'ttli'iiu'iit  JstJiggoring  and  liowlin^r,  jnul  were  to  all  i»i)|»eai*muv  htma 

rietiiDS  of  hydroitUobia ;  but  ou  disseetioa  it  was  uul.v  t<M)  jihiiu  what 

nuitter  was.    5lauy  of  the  dogs  are  so  overworked  aiid  ao  illy  treated 

they  could  uot  survive  the  repeated  injuries  inllietetl  uiiou  them  if 

wen*  art  sti-oug  ngaiu. 

te  Eskimo  have  the  habit  uf  putting  a  i^hit  in  heat  on  aliead  as 
U*aderj  as  by  this  method  they  cousiderably  accelemte  the  movements 
of  the  rest  of  the  team,  and  save  themHolveH  nome  extra  hibor ;  but  these 
(iogs  often  prove  themselves  too  ea^jer,  an<l  rn|»tur»'  bloml- vessels.  I 
have  wen  sueh  caf-cs  where  the  do^  \ouiited  clear  blmxl,  and  also  dis- 
charged it  eopiously  through  the  anus;  such  eases  survive  but  a  few  days 
gvuenUIy.  Again^  many  young  dogs  are  taken  fnim  the  mother  long 
befure  they  are  prepared  by  nature  to  shift  for  themselves.  I  have  ]>osi- 
Jive  evidence  of  this  lieing  a  pi*olitio  cause  of  so  many  young  dogs  dying. 
Hi  all  the  dogs  thiit  diedat  Annanaetook,  at  least  four-lifths  of  tbe  adults 
were  males,  and  the  greater  niunl>er  of  these  died  about  the  time  the 
fumak's  were  in  heat. 

^^  was  very  much  interested  to  see  if  the  theory  that  hytU-ophobia  is 
^fevalent  only  in  eounti-ies  where  the  females  ai*e  subjeete^l  to  iutlis- 
^painate  slaughter,  or  auimal  instinct  thwai'te<l  or  i»erverted  under  the 
wiuol'un  iguonuit  and  fidse  modesty,  would  work  here,  instances  l>eing 
citi'd  of  Tnrkey  and  other  countries,  when.'  the  dog  is  held  sacred  and 
jJlijwwl  to  run  at  large,  that  hydrophobia  is  nnknon*n.     A(vonling  to 
Be  tJ»eory,  then,  that  its  origin  is  always  the  residt  of  mu-equited  affec- 
tion, wr  should  ftot  find  tlus  disease  aniong  the  Kskimo  dogs,  where  it 
toay  reasonably  be  expectetl  that  nature  has  allowe<l  the  proper  projwr- 
tiou  of  the  H«*xes  and  man  does  not  interfeiv;  lait  hcru  is  the  point: 
Das  the  Eskimo  dog  inufstraiuetl  t'lvedom  to  follow  the  instincts  of 
H*  auimal  Datm*e  t    We  Hiiswer,  iJy  no  means.    To  l»e  sure,  there  are 
pleuty  of  females,  but  they  are  appropriated  by  such  dogs  as  possess  the 

f*le«t  strength ;  the  females  go  to  tliem,  and  tlie  weaker  di>gH  iuv  given 
coUl  shoulder.    As  a  general  thing,  the  possession  of  a  slut  is  a  dia- 
Fuied  point,  which  ends  in  a  hard  flght  between  the  dogs;  but  there  is 
ik|  further  question  after  the  battle,  and  the  vanquished  <log  has  to  Iwar 
PMoublc  disa]»iHiintni(*nt;  this  he  seems  unable  to  do,  and  worries  him- 
SiAi  into  a  melancholy  that  soon  takes  tbe  foi*m  of  tlie  so^^dled  hydro- 
[ibia. 

car(*fally  watched  a  team  of  three  clogs  that  T  ofli-n  went  sealiug 
Ih;  tmv  WHS  a  fcniale  aud  two  were  males;  the  slut  seemeil  to  be  ap- 


pn»prijiTfd  by  one  of  the  dogs  without  queHtion,  till  one  day  a  stnuj 
dojf  J'rtmi  aiiirther  Hettlement  Tvas  nddcd  to  the  t^mni.  Tlie  i)o«m'ssiuii  q| 
tht?  slut  now  became  the  eau^e  of  a  series  of  sevei-e  fights,  which  pxi^ei 
in  lUvor  of  the  stiniii^o  dog,  which  iiumedintely  became  the  ^lanhuTi  dI 
th<*  6*lnt,  The  beaten  dog  l»egan  to  lag  and  di-ooii,  and  in  a  feir  dmp  %tm 
d^tX^  having  gone  thniugh  all  the  stages  of  hydrophobia  to  uU  ap}x^ 

*rhi<i  Miui  not  th«  only  m^taave  of  n  similar  natttre  th»t  tmiiw  uiiit« 
uyr  obewT»ti*>ii  ?  stiH  I  do  not  wish  to  be  tmderstood  that  I  place  it* 
}<ibakiMi  £iith  iji  thld  theory.  I  hiid  too  ^hoit  a  timo  for  observnliou,  mH 
toi»  lew  ^xamide*  to  warrant  me  in  making  generalizations  on  tliew 
^ttta;  bat  1  thiak  it  well  worth  the  time  for  any  one  who  doejs  jjret  Jlic 
Qj^trtunlty  not  to  overlook  these  facts.  1  dissected  a  number  of  (be 
male  tlo^  that  died  from  the  nvbies,  but  I  never  conld  detect  any  of  tJtti 
f»r^n!^  disused  except  the  penis,  testicles,  and  sometimes  the  kidneys. 
"Why  [hi*  should  bo  the  ciise  I  am  at  a  loss  to  say.  Then?  i^  one  othCT 
thwirj-  thiit  may  tlu:«w  some  light  on  the  subject,  viz,  the  eon&tant  fnter- 
bwediug  of  the  dogs.  I  have  known  of  instances  where  a  dog  had 
]H>;4^'Ssioii  of  the  mother  and  her  yearling?  whelps,  all,  mother  itidtKVil, 
of  wUWh  he  wan  father  to.  It  is  certain  that  the  progeny  revolting 
ft-om  sneh  connections  ar©  vert*  inferior,  and  tend  toward  degcnemtinff 
the  race.  It  ot^en  happens  that  female  dogs  cohabit  with  wolves,  the 
tlog  being  driven  ofl'  by  the  superior  strength  of  the  wolf.  This  prog- 
eny again  is  characterized  by  superior  strength  and  great  powers  of 
endurance,  and  is  less  apt  to  suffer  from  disease. 

It  sometimes  happens,  the  Eskimo  tell  me,  that  a  family  goes  into  the 
interim'  and  u^mains  for  a  year  or  more,  but  seldom  loses  any  dogs  by 
disease;  they  have  an  idea  that  the  salt-water  has  something  to  do  with 
their  dogs  dying,  for  they  say  they  do  not  die  when  they  live  away 
(Vom  it.  It  does  not  seem  probable,  however,  that  the  disease  wonM 
pi'o\  e  i'outagious,  assigning  either  of  the  above  causes  for  its  origin. 

Again,  is  it  i»ositively  known  that  the  disorder  is  not  communicable 
b>  i>ite  t  \  am  by  no  means  sure  of  this.  The  Eskimo  always  carefully 
i;et  i>ut  of  the  way  of  dogs  aftlicted  in  this  manner,  and  they  toW  me 
thid  if  one  of  tlie  sick  dogs  bit  me  I  would  get  the  same  disorder.  This 
•jMk^^vi'utatitin  may  liave  been  inipai-ted  to  them  by  whalemen,  however. 

•utiilU.  var.  griseokalba,  Bil. 

f*  {t),  I'miiUfiluiul  Eskimo. 

ft'iM|uently  seen  during  the  winter  months  on  both  shores 
id;  \\\e\Y  vv\\xc\val  resorts,  however,  are  further  inlandf 


MAMMALS. 


63 


!ny  the  rviudeer  herds  abound.  It  oft^iii  liapiteiis  that  tbc  KHkimo 
;s  aiul  wolves  interbreed;  the  female  dog  is  especiuUy  liable  to  co- 
Ml  with  a  wolf,  and  tl«.*  i>rogeuyare  cwnsidt^red  much  sn]>erior  tkeasts^ 
are  very  hard  to  inanae:e.  I  have  seen  Kiskinio  dofrs  that  eorre- 
»iiled  hnu'  tur  hair  with  the  Arctic  wolC. 

*ho  EHkimo  say  there  are  packs  of  dogs  now  iu  some  localities  that 
trave  rnu  wild,  and  in  all  probability  i-etnniedto  the  original  wolf  tyi>e. 

»ere  are  stories  of  some  kind  of  animal,  that  from  the  description  jtriven 
Bome  may  l>e  a  Guloj  but  others  say  it  is  only  the  conna4»n  dojir ;  such 
animals  are  jJwaya  reported  from  the  iBterior. 

|Kt  is  iSiiUX  tliat  the  female  wolf  is  considerably  fleeter  than  the  male, 
^■lig  longer-boilied.  The  females,  the  Eskimo  say,  always  distance  the 
^■les  iu  the  chase  after  the  reindeer,  and  jjrenendly  Hucceed  in  killing 
^p  deer  before  the  male  comes  up. 

3.  Mustela  ermixiea.  Linii^. 

Two  specimens,  procured  in  the  Kingnitc  Fjord,  one  in  the  sumiaer 
Md  one  in  (he  winUn*  fur.  AjJiK^ars  to  follow  the  lenunin;::  in  their 
jpignilions;  is  nowhere  abundant  in  CumberhiUilf  and  even  luikuown  to 
•ome  of  the  K.skimo.  Siiid  to  be  id>1e  to  cax>ture  the  hare  and  ptaiiui- 
^u  by  aitachtug  itself  to  some  Wtal  i)art  and  not  loosening  its  hold 
till  the  victim  is  death  I  am  rather  skeptical  on  this,  however.  Still, 
the  Kskiuio  wiy  they  have  seen  them  do  it,  and  it  really  puzzles  me  to 
Uil  w  hat  else  they  should  live  uptiu  diuiug  winter,  as  they  do  not  hiber- 


G.  Myodea  torquatua,  (Pall.)  Keyn.  <1  BIilm, 

^**AwiIlg:lk/'  CuiiiIh.'I'IuikI  E«kiiiiM. 
irocured  but  a  single  s{H:'cimen  of  the  leuimiug;  this  was  caught 
IDape  Meii-y.    They  may  yet  be  common  somewhere  along  the 
«mind,  ft«  I  iWiW  tniees  in  different  jdaccH  where  we  stopped,    Accortling 

I  the  Kskimo,  they  are  potting  Ies«  common  ever>*  year.  Whalemen 
re  told  me  that  twenty  years  ag«i  xome  hhijis  procured  as  many  an 
r  hundred  skins  at  Niantilic,  in  the  spring,  from  the  young  Eskimo, 
r>  kille<l  them  with  1k>ws  and  an*ow8.  Krfnn  what  1  e^iuhl  Icani  of  the 
cimo,  the  h'niniing  is  very  inegnhir  in  its  mifrralioiis,  npiH>aring  in 
at  numbers  at  one  place,  and  then  disnpiH'aring  fur  many  years. 

Ifepus  g]«elali«,  IxmicIi. 

"OIukmHooTc,"  CunilnTland  Eitkimo. 
'ommon  in  idl  suitable  hH-aliticM.     Many  do  not  undergo  any  change 
|c<ilnr  iluring  sumnicr»  ami  1  doubt  if  it  be  mojx^  than  pailial  chaugu 


54 


NATCRAr.    HISTORY    OP    AKCTIC   AMKRIC?A. 


vdtli  any.  I  Inive  set'n  puri'  white  iipecimcu8  (hiring  nil  lUo  .tumtnifr] 
mouLht«,  ami  occasionally  one  about  half-gray.  The  Eskimo  firmly^ 
beliovo  that  the  hiugs  of  the  hare  applied  fit'Hh  to  a  boil  or  eorp  of  aay] 
kind  is  a  sui*e  cui-o.  The  speciuieus  I  esauiined  in  Citiubei>lan<l  wcrtj 
much  smuller  than  Greeuhind  specimens. 

8.  Rangifer  tarandua,  (Linti^)  IVl. 

"Tiiktoo,"  Cuniltcrlond  EdkiiDo. 

The  reindeer  are  fomid  in  consideralde  nuuibers  on  both  side*  of 
berliind  Souinl,  but  by  far  the  j^ix'ater  number  on  the  western  shore.  It 
is  no  rare  instance  to  hnd  them  dining  the  summer  months  on  thf  wa- 
coast;  tJiey  seem  to  delight  in  feeiling  ujwn  the  fuci  exjKwed  vA  low 
tide.  In  winter  they  retire  to  the  larger  valleys  and  go  farther  iulaod^ 
being  sehluiii  seen  on  the  coawt  at  thi^  season  of  the  year. 

The  Eskimo  go  reindecr-hnntiu;;  everj'  summer^  commonly  iluring  i1»p 
months  of  July,  August,  and  September.  At  this  seas*)n  they  niaU 
quite  extensive  excursions  inland,  where  the  deer  are  monn  abuntUut 
and  nJuch  more  easily  procui*ed.  AViihin  tlie  last  few  years  they  an? 
reported  as  less  common  on  the  l*euuy  Teiunsida;  bnt  I  hear  of  no  ajijW- 
eut  diminution  in  their  numbers  to  tlie  west  and  i>onthwc«t,  t»l»mikllv 
towanl  Lake  Kennedy,  where  they  are  reported  as  very  nbuudaut. 

r»efore  the  introflnetion  of  flrearuis  among  the  Eskimo  by  the  wbaW- 
men,  they  took  advantage  of  the  hal»its  of  the  deer  in  coming  down  u> 
the  coast,  and  th-ove  them  into  the  water,  where  they  were  easily  c».y- 
tured  with  a  kyfK'k.  The  Eskimo  brhig  the  skins  back  with  then  to 
their  winter  encampment,  having  cacliwl  the  meat  for  tlie  twteiisihlc 
pui-pose  of  returning  for  it  in  winter*.  This  seldom  happi^us,  howevtff* 
and  the  wolves  generally  make  way  with  it.  It  is  said  that  wh*^nalicrf 
is  first  approached  by  a  hunting  party  that  has  been  living  on  tlie  **• 
coast,  they  scent  them  along  way  otT,  but  that  they  soon  lose  this  jm>w<*' 
the  fact  being,  I  take  it,  that  the  peculiar  odor  of  tin*  salt-waier  ba*  l*** 
the  Eskimo.  During  the  winter  they  lierd  together  in  large  drovw, 
when  a  suitable  valley  is  found  ]>aw  up  the  suow  for  a  t'onsidctalil*] 
extent,  till  it  looks  as  if  a  lieid  of  swine  had  boen  rooting  in  1l4c  ruow. 
These  dixjves  ai*e  continually  lH*set  by x)a(ks  td  wolves,  which  ki-epa'TH" 
ilant  watch  for  any  that  unluckily  stray  out  of  the  heisl,  for  sueli  ■**"* 
is  immediately  atta-^ked  and  nm  down.  It  is  si'ldoin,  however,  lltAttli^ 
wolves  can  do  nnich  ihimnge  to  tin*  herd  wbcu  they  ke*»i' 
they  form  u  circle,  with  the  weaker  ones  in  the  centre^  a!  •!  ■ 
the  wulves  at  buv. 


MAMMALS.  ^^^^^H  55 

9.  CiUlocephftlus  vituUniu.  (Liun^)  F.  Ciiv. 
"Kiuwlgiok,'*  CnmbcrlAnd  Eskimo. 

Tlie  w)-c*i1N:hI  "  frcsh-watpi'  fieni "  of  the  wlioleiiion  is  one  of  the  mrcr'' 

specier*  in  the  CuinburUtntl  waters.    Thi-y  ar«  mostly  met  with  far  np 

IhK  tjortls  and  in  tho  frenh-wator  streams  an«l  ponds,  where  they  jjoutYer 

salmon.    They  are  rather  dit^cidt  to  cajiture,  as  at  the  season  they  are 

comuinnly  met  wiUi   flieni  is  so  little  bhiliber  on  them  th{it  they  sink 

"hcu  shot.     The  skins  are  highly  prized  hy  the  Kskimo  women  for  their 

sIcetK,  and  if  tlioy  do  not  have  enonj^li  for  the  entire  garment  will 

what  they  have,  always  putting  it  within  the  most  convenient  sight 

\\iti  wearer.    It  is  wii*!  hy  the  Kskimo  that  the  youn^  remain  in  the 

'"hitu  coat  but  three  or  four  days,  ditVerin;^  ;xi*eatly  in  this  i-espect  fi"oui 

*atfomyit  ffftiftus.    >Jeither  do  they  make  an  excavation  underneath  the 

*now  for  the  reception  of  tlio  young,  like  the  ahove-uientioned  si*ecies, 

lit  pup  later  in  the  season,  on  the  l-»are  ice,  fully  exposeil.    The  adult 

tales  often  enffa;;o  in  severe  eombats  with  enoh  other.    I  have  seen 

ins  so  6(!ratched  up  that  they  were  nearly  worthless;    in  fact,  the 

Eftkirno  eonsidcr  a  ^^kaesiarsi^k^  (a  very  hn*^e  kassi^ak)  as  having  an 

Imost  worthless  skin,  jiud  sehlom  use  it  exce]d  f*»rthe:r  skin  tent«.     Tim 

:in8  of  tho  yotni^,  on  the  contrary,  are  a  p-eat  acipiiHiliou.    It  is  said, 

>8si1>ly  with  a  sliade  of  exaggerati<»u,  that  tlie  all'eetions  of  the  Eskimo 

»1  can  be  secui*ed  by  a  present  of.kassigink  skins,  when  all  ordinary' 

tna  of  j>er8uasion  have  failed  to  move  her. 

10.  Pagomys  fceUdus,  (Fab.)  Gray. 

It  ••  Xiit^irk,"  luliiltH  gi^norally  ;  "Tigftk/' mliilt  inAli-K;  "\«tftinTik/' yonng  after 

■  shc-(l(Uii<;  lui'l  iill  out*  yviir  old;  **  Ilwvn,"  juung  in  whiu-  cort!»,  of  the  Cum- 

■  lierlanil  EHkliiio.   "  Pickaninny  pasay,**  y<^nn;;,  xiig4<fiD-Knf|flitihof  tlio  ^rhidera. 

I  This  Koal  is  very  common  in  all  the  tjords  and  bays  fi-om  Hudson's 
Straifsnorthward  alnnj;  Cundierhind  Island  to  the  extreme  liead  of  Cnni- 
Krlund  JSouud,  on  uU  the  outer  isUiuds  about  Cape  Jlerey,  and  on  the 
»t  coast  of  Davis  Straits.     I  have  seen  skins  trom  Lake  Kennedy 
at  I  could  not  distinguish  from  those  found  in  CnmlM-rland  Sound, 
lis  seal  was  never  noticed  but  a  few  miles  from  land ;  was  not  met  with 
the  pack-ice,  nor  on  the  Greenland  coast  exeei»l  far  up  the  tjttrds. 
was  in  July  and  August;  but  I  am  inJ'omied  that  they  become  more 
>mraon  towanl  autumn,  and  ni'e  fotiud  in  considerable  nundters  some 
istancc  from  land;  they  are  less  conuiion  Jiere,  however,  than  on  tUtf 
'est  eo;ist. 
It  wa«  a  source  of  gn^at  curiosity  to  the  Greenlautlers  to  see  tlio 


m 


NATURAL    HISTORY    OF   AHCTIC 


clotliiiig  of  tlie  Cmuborlaiid  Eskmio  made  froii 
geal ;  they  at  tirst  uiistook  it  for  bear.  I  was  info 
of  Disko  at  least,  they  uerer  procure  enough  ol 
in  tho  wliite  coat  to  use  thoin  for  clotUiug  tu  au 

III  the  Giimlx^ilantl  wat^irs  tUoy  are  resident^  i 
unless  much  diKttirbed,  and  then  tUey  merel; 
locality.  On  tho  GreeiilatKl  coast  they  appea 
ijords  in  summer,  but  to  bti  mom  generally  diifti 

Tho  netsick  shows  a  decith*d  i>re<lilcction  for 
;5o"ls,  sehlom  venturing  far  from  laud*  Tiiey  i 
throtifrh  the  it*e  bi  whiter,  uud  are  eonsequeni 
«f>k'  Ucycudence  of  the  Eskimo  for  fixtd^  fuel,  li. 

The  ekuiii  of  tbe  adults  are  made  into  soi 
yonng  are  in  great  demand  for  imder-gaxn 
Ohildrt'ii  often  have  entire  suits  of  the  young 
clothing  looks  very  beautiful  when  now,  bu 
days,  and  after  this  it  is  repitlsive  enough,  i! 
eneeinte  in  the  latter  part  of  October,  and  a  fteti 
was  taken  from  the  uterus  January  16,  It  was 
uoae  to  the  end  of  hiud  tiippers.  It  was  so  doc 
ever^  as  to  occupy  a  »*paco  hardly  a  foot  in  h 
wcxe  turned  forward  on  the  tibiae,  the  foi'e  llippt 
the  bead  lient  over  on  the  neck  and  iticliued  to 

In  a  large  fjord  known  ua  the  Greater  liitigwr 
at  taie  locidity  tliat  it  never  freezes  for  a  spact" 
hupdred  ncrt-.s.  Here  the  netsick  gather  in  c 
winter,  and  it  is  a  favorite  re^iort  for  such  I' 
emnigU  to  jiossess  a  gnu,  Being  but  a  fewniile 
thcrt;  were  almost  daily  excursions  to  these  ti 
luintei-s.  After  the  1st  of  March  very  few  preg 
Jit  tliis  plucOj  they  having  by  this  time  chosen  i 
their  yoiuig,  Tho-se  killed  after  this  date  were 
hitinkiug  males. 

It  vraa  int4jrcsting  that  the  youug — jearlings 
Buch  as  had  not  yet  arrived  at  maturit.\" — were 
this  open  water,  but  lived  in  colonies  by  thcmse 
finds  a  inimber  of  wf/»/i'^  (bi-cathing-hole.s)  ueart< 
the  place  by  raising  little  motmds  of  snow  neai 
that  here  is  a  colouy  of  young  animals*  which 


>rA5IMAL8. 


at  tU&n  the  old  oues,  and  are  moreover  inucli  easier  to  captiuv.  I 
Lave  uouiitctl  JM'iuly  Hcvoiity  uf  tlie-se  atUikn  o»  a  »{iiu:v  of  two  acres. 
When  a  lux'giianl  IV^nial*-  han  cliusen  tin*  plaee  wliere  ^she  is  l<i  lutvv 
r  ^^'uiuigf  she  makes  au  e.vcavatiuii  iVoiu  six  tu  iv\i  I'eet  iu  l*:ufj;th  iiuder 
e  Huow,  ami  from  tliivu  tu  iive  t'ei-t  wiilc,  the  heij^ht  vai^in;;  with  the 
ielcocH-s  of  the  snow  coveriuK.  Tlio  atlulc  in  ;it  uue  e^trciuity  of  thiti 
c-avatioii,  aiul  in  MU'h  a  pQMtioii  Uiat  it  ik  alwayij  a  n*u<ly  ehainuO  nf 
ti'eat  iu  ca^*  of  daujjer. 

The  tufit  yoiiu^r  found  iu  tho  rpper  CninbeiiHiul  waters  wan  diitiii^; 
c  ciirly  day^  of  ^lardi;  still  I  have  tiiki^ii  n  lu'tas  from  the  mother  iti 
the  niiddle  uf  April.  The  most  pit^titahle  time  for  hunting  the  yimnj: 
al  is  duriup:  the  mouth  of  iVju'il ;  after  thi,s  dato  thry  have  .shid  so 
ueii  tliat  the  skins  lue  nearly  wortliless  lUI  the  hispid  hair  has  f^nt  to 
of  the  proper  leugth,  when  they  oi-e  considered  as  the  priino  articU;, 
and  seeoud  only  to  the  youiijr  of  Colhvqthaluit  rititUmfM  in  ijuality. 
The  Urst  yoiui^;  one  I  j>ruciux-d  that  Ijad  1x>fj:uii  to  shed  wn^  April  lo. 
have  seeti  exauiplus  that  were  ueariy  or  quite  (h'stitute  of  the  white 
t,  but  still  not  having  the  next  coat  in  si;:ht.  Such  K]xH?iuiens  on 
■©He  examinatitm  will  be  fonml  to  liave  a  very  Hue  eout  of  the  now  luiir, 
nt  HO  short  as  not  to  be  pereeplible  excei)t  on  eh»se  exaiuiualiou,  still 
I  tihowiji^  the  exact  loeatittu  and  distribution  of  the  dark  and  li^hl  mark- 
^■igs;  tho  akin  at  this  time  is  very  black,  and  olten  nuieh  seratehed  np, 
^Hrol>]d)ly  by  the  mother  in  trying  to  mnke  the  youn^  one  shilY  for  itself. 
^^  often  examined  the  stomachs  of  young  as  well  as  adidts.  but  till  after 
tliey  had  be;n»i  sheddiii;,'  tho  while  eoat,  and  were,  in  all  probability, 
to  30  days  old,  I  fouitd  nothing  but  the  mothers  ndlk.  After  they 
gin  to  shitt  for  themselves,  their  food^  for  a  time  at  least,  consists  of 
anmiari  of  different  sjieeies. 

lietbre  tJte  young  shed  the  white  coat,  they  are  from  ~li  to  M'f  inehes 

the  U086  to  end  of  lli]>iR'rs;  the  average  the  season  through,  froui 

good  series  of  nieasm'e-meuts,  was  about  «'J0  inches.    They  are  vprj* 

uiable  in  eolor;  some  are  ]>ure  wliite;  others  vciy  white  on  the  lower 

irt-s,  but  more  or  h*ss  du!<ky  on  baek;  others  again  tux'  a  lim*  «lraw- 

yellow,  with  the  same  dusky  variation  us  ui  the  wliite  ones.    The  yellow 

also  variable  ui  the  intensity  of  shade.    Karely  some  aiv  found  that 

ijuite  dusky  all  over,  esperially  on  llu*  hrad  and  bark;  tUvsc  are 

norally  small  and  scrrtw^^y  individuals.    The  Iiair  is  idso  quite  ixs  vari- 

)le  in  texture  as  in  color.    In  somo  it  is  ilue,  long,  and  wholly  (uujstly 

ui  the  pure  white  exauiplesl    In  others  it  is  straight  or  wa\'y,  while 


58  NATURAL    HISTORY   OF   ARCTIC   AMERICA, 

SOOie  have  sliort  and  quite  bispiil  hair.  Tbey  v»'f  igh  at  birth  from  foqr 
to  Kix  and  one-half  pounds,  but  grow  at  an  astounding  rate,  l»ecoHiiiig 
exceedingly  fat  in  a  few  days.  The  blubber  on  tbe  yoimg  a  fewrla;^ 
old  is  tilruost  wliite  and  thickly  nitcispersed  with  blood-vessol**;  tt  is  no\ 
tit  to  bum-  There  is  usually  but  one  young"  nt  n  birth;  still  twins*  an 
not  of  rare  oecurretice,  and  one  infintQaice  came  nnder  my  obsen-aiirm 
whei'e  thci*e  were  triitlets,  but  they  were  Hmalb  and  two  of  tln*ni  would 
probably  not  have  lived  had  tliey  l>eeD  bonu  Thy  season  fur  hmm:: 
the  yoiuig  at  lat.  07*^  N,  begins  about  the  middle  of  Mart-h  ami  am- 
tiBues  until  the  latter  pait  of  AprU,  The  first  two  weelcM  of  April  m 
the  most  productive,  as  later  the  hair  is  apt  to  be  veiy  loose,  and  many 
even  have  large  bare  patches  on  them. 

"When  tlie  eea^sou  fairly  opeus,  the  Eskimo  huntt^r  leave*  thr  wirili*f 
enciimpnient  with  liis  family  and  dog-team  for  some  favorite  rp.stirt  of 
this  sc^al;  he  soon  coustruets  his  .■*uo'w-but,  and  is  as  well  settK'd  a»if  it 
had  been  liis  habitation  for  years,  for  the  seals  he  eatebes  bring  hm 
and  his  fundly  food  and  fuel^  and  snoT.v  to  unrlt  water  fitmi  is  ;ilwayi 
plenty^  so  that  his  wants  are  easily  suiiphed,  and  he  is  contented  uml 
happy. 

The  manner  of  huntinrj  the.yonnjE!:  senl  is  to  allow  a  dd^  to  run  in 
ahead  of  the  hunter,  but  having  a  strong  seal  skin  line  about  his  neck, 
which  the  Eskimo  does  not  let  go  of.  The  dog  scents  the  seal  in  its  ex- 
cavation, which  could  not  have  been  detected  from  the  outside  hy  the 
eye,  and  the  hunter,  by  a  vigorous  jump,  breaks  <loMn  the  covlt l>efore 
the  young  seal  can  reach  its  atluk,  aiul  if  he  be  successful  enough  to  cut 
off  its  retreat,  it  becomes  an  easy  prey  j  otherwise  he  must  use  his  seal- 
ing-hook  very  quickly,  or  his  game  is  gone.  It  sometimes  happens  tbat 
the  hunter  is  unfortunate  enough  to  jump  the  snow  down  directly  over 
the  hole,  and  gets  a  pretty  thorough  wetting.  The  women  often  take 
part  in  this  kind  of  sealing,  and  many  of  them  are  quite  exi)ert.  Tlie 
children  begin  when  they  are  four  or  five  years  old.  The  teeth  and  flip- 
pers of  their  first  catch  are  saved  as  a  trophy  and  worn  alxuit  the  little 
fellow's  neck.  The  next  year  when  he  begins,  this  will  give  liim  ?«"* 
luck,  they  think. 

There  exists  a  considerable  spirit  of  rivalry  among  the  mothers  ii^  ^^ 
whose  offspring  has  done  the  best,  size,  &e.,  considered.  This  nin-'to 
such  a  high  lutch  that  I  havekjioMii  some  mothers  to  catch  these«l,an<l 
then  let  her  child  lill  it,  so  as  to  be  able  to  swell  the  number  of  lii* 
captures. 


Ml 


im^MMiiiiaMiiiffii-if    iTrfrfiii^ 


^il^yjl 


MAMMALS. 


59 


8ome  of  the  Eskimo  liutitei-s  Ixjlon^iii^;  to  the  Florcace  broii^lit  as 

uiy  a8  seventy  at  one  load.    They  were  kejit  frozen,  auil  wo  alnioi^t 

\'M  on  the  meat  dnring  the  senson,  and  lennied  to  like  it  veiy  nuicb. 

i^ynw  of  the  his-pid  seals  pup  on  tim  ico  without  any  eovering  wliai- 

"cr.    Sbt  instances  of  this  natiire  came  nnder  my  observation,  and  they 

ere  all  young  animals.    The  young  exposed  in  this  maimer  almost 

Iways  fall  a  i»n^v  to  foxes  and  ravens  before  they  are  old  enough  to 

Lu  care  of  themselves. 

As  the  si'ujson  uUvnnces  and  the  yonn>^  begin  to  shed  their  eoats^  the 
if  of  then*  itjloo  it)  often,  or  perhaps  always,  broken  down,  and  the 
►thor  and  young  can  be  seen  on  sunny  days  l>asldng  in  the  warm  sun- 
Ine  beside  their  atluk.  The  mother  will  take  to  the  water  when  the 
inter  has  approached  within  gunshot,  and  leave  the  young  one  to  shift 
for  itself,  which  generally  ends  in  its  staring  leisurely  at  the  hunter  till 
tddenly  it  finds  a  hook  in  its  side ;  u  stout  seal*skin  line  is  tlieii  mado 
it  to  its  hind  tlippers,  and  it  is  let  into  the  athik;  it,  of  course,  makes 
»ej*ate  efforts  to  free  itself,  aud  is  very  apt  to  attract  the  attention  of 
le  mother  if  she  is  any^vhere  in  the  vicinity.  The  Eskimo  can^fnlly 
patches  the  movements  of  the  young  one,  and,  as  six)n  as  tlie  mother  is 
(served,  begins  to  haul  in  on  the  line.  The  old  one  follows  nearer  and 
»r  to  the  surface,  till  at  last  she  crosses  the  hole  at  the  proper  depth, 
»d  the  dea4lly  harpoon  is  planted  in  her  body,  and  site  is  quickly  drawn 
It.  If  the  mother  has  seen  the  hunter  approaching  the  atluk,  however, 
le  will  not  even  show  herself.  I  have  never  known  of  an  instance 
where  they  have  attempted  to  defend  their  otlspnng  from  man.  1  ouc:o 
iw  a  raven  tr>'ing  to  kill  a  young  seal  wlule  the  mother  was  making 
itic  but  veiy  awkward  attempts  to  catch  the  biid  in  her  mouth, 
len  the  young  (irst  assume  the  coat  of  the  adults  (about  the  time  the 
begins  to  loosen),  they  seem  possessed  of  a  vast  amount  of  cuiiosit^', 
and  whde  swimming  near  the  land,  as  they  almost  always  do,  can  be 
d  within  gunshot  by  whistling  or  singing.  They  woiUd  often  play 
>ont  the  schooner,  diving  underneath  and  coming  uj)  on  the  opi>osite 
de,  ap|)arent]y  enjoying  it  hugely.  TLey  delight  to  swim  among  the 
leijes  of  floating  ieo  in  the  qniet  Imys.  The  young  aud  yearlings  of  this 
:iea  ait)  often  found  together  in  small  bands.  The  adult  females  will 
•erage  four  feet  and  a  half  to  the  en<l  of  The  Hip|>ers.  Such  specimens 
:e  probably  from  four  to  seven  years  olil;  the  males  arc  a  little  larger. 
ici'e  is  grtixt  variation  in  the  sktdls,  but  the  sexes  can  reailily  be  dis- 
iignished  by  the  skull  alone,  the  males  having  a  longer  and  uoiTower 
head,  with  the  ridges  more  prominent. 


NATURAL   HISTORY    OF   AUCTIC    AMUHICA. 


It  J8  ouly  the  adult  males  (called  '*  tigak,^  stiukfr,  by  tb<*  £t 
tliat  emit  the  horribly  disagreeable,  all-penueating,  ever-}»euciraui 
odor  tliiit  has  Ku^gesUNl  its  sjfeoific.  uaiue.  It  is  so  smmg  thai  t>uo« 
smell  au  li^skiiuo  some  distance  when  he  has  beeu  }>;irtakiiig  of  the  tlt^ 
They  Kay  it  18  more  noiu-ihhiug  thau  the  Hesh  of  the  I't^uialcs,  ami  that] 
pci*son  can  endure  great  fatigue  at*t4ir  eating  it.  If  cue  of  Ut&ae  /y 
comes  iu  contact  Anth  any  other  seal  meat,  it  will  b*-'eon»e  so  tainti.tl 
to  be  i-epnlsive  to  an  educated  palate;  even  the  atluk  *t(tUv(igaka 
be  detected  by  its  odor. 

There  is  sometimes  caught  a  hairless  vsirtoty  of  this  seal  tJiat  the  £4 
kimo  call  "okitook.^    I  have  seen  one  such  skin.    It  had  a  few 
curly  hairs  scattered  ovej  it,  but  they  wei'e  verj'  difl'erent  in  text 
I'nim  the  ordinary  hair.    I  do  not  know  if  the  specimen  otherwise  dif-J 
fered  from  the  ordinarj-  seal.    The  food  of  the  »iihUt«i  consists  hirg»4,"f 
difl'erent  species  of  crustaceans,  and  during  winter  esi)e<;iaUy  theywil 
sist  to  a  eonsidemble  extent  upon  fish.    I  have  found  in  them  tin?  tftj 
umiiis  of  CottuH  scoriHUH,  C  gr(CiUan<iicus,  Gadm  o{iac  (commou].vL« 
Liparis  vuipartu,    Duinng  the  time  the  adults  sliod  for  nearly  u  wont 
l>revious  1  eould  detect  nothing  but  a  few  ])ebble8  iu  thiur  ftt 
They  bwiomo  poor  at  this  time,  and  will  sink  when  shot  in  the  vrat«j 
The  milk  is  thick  and  rich,  and  is  sometiiues  eaten  by  the  uativvK 
excrt^ment  looks  like  pale,  thickly  clotted  blood. 

Tliere  ai-e  sometimes  found  albinos,  of  which  the  Eskimo  tell  imun'litt 
storie-s,  one  iH'ing  that  when  they  rise  to  breathe  in  their  nihiks  tlw-Jl 
come  stern  first,  and,  m  fact,  they  think  such  auimah^  Inive  their  brmtlw 
ing  apparatus  on  the  posterior  end  of  the  body.    I  imagine  thi# 
uated  ti^nn  a  native  onex;  hariK>oning  an  albino  in  its  atiuk  and  flad 
his  hariHKtn  fastened  in  one  of  tlie  hintl  fli]>pers. 

Towanl  springy  whuii  the  sun  U  shining  brightly,  tiiCM  «e&ls  cut 
seen  in  all  direeUons  basking  on  the  ice.  They  ore  to  all  appeiwa* 
asleep,  but  ntauage  to  wake  up  regidarly  every  few  iuiuut««  to 
sure  that  there  is  no  danger  about.  At  this  season  it  Is  a  fiivotil 
methiHl  of  the  Eskimo  tohnnt  them  by  crawling  tlal  on  his  brllylovi) 
tiie  sealj  and  wheji  discovered  to  imitate  the  movements  of  theai 
and  to  advance  only  when  the  Eteal  looka  iu  tlie  opiH^sito  direettou. 
this  manner  tliey  often  approai^li  so  elosi*  us  to  be  able  tti  i> 
away  from  their  atluk?i.  This  seal  is  of  sumu  eommeiviul  iu^, 
The  Bcotch  whalers  often  buy  from  the  natives  iluriug  the  winler  a  lli« 
Mod  skins.    These  are  brought  with  the  bUi)>l>cr.  ami  vdtju  vusl  the  i>u( 


SIA^DfALS. 


61 


tu^r  not  ovtu*3  to  7  oeutH,  and  this  mostly  in  tobacco,  triiikcl^  01*  nhip 
>re«.  To  encounigo  them  to  procnre  more  skins,  Ihey  nrc  fiiniij^liod 
ith  a  chen]»  5rccrA -loading  ijxm  and  a  few  himditd  cartridfros,  viiidi 
»ey  siMin  waste,  and  then  tiicir  guns  are  ttf  L-ouit>e  woi'tlili'K«.  At  tliw 
it»  both  young  and  adtiltA  arc  slanghtered  at  the  present  day,  they 
fill  >*onii  bcootuo  so  Hiraive  that  there  will  not  be  eniatgh  to  stipply  the 
ant«  of  the  nativeu. 

PagophUna  graanlanBioua,  (Mtlll.)  Oniv. 
"Kiiilik,"  Cniiiliriliniil  Kbktmit. 

The  saddle-Uick  is  of  frequent  occiirrenco  about  the  sonthera  waters 
"of  CiunlKTland  Sound  in  sprinj?  and  autumn.  It  iw  nither  nin'Iy  fnund 
injrly,  bnt  generally  in  considenible  scboids.  They  lu-e  even  oecasiou- 
ly  found  VLH  far  up  the  sound  as  Annana<*took,  but  mostly  the  young:, 
leir  pnKreatiou  is  unknown  to  the  Cumberland  EHlumo,  A  few  scIkh^Ih 
rere  notiectl  at  dirterent  times  durrnj,'  S^.'ptember,  1877^  and  Oetobor, 
I78j  from  the  islands  otf  tlie  mid<lle  Labrador  coast  to  CumberlantI,  at 
les  at  consideiiiblo  distances  from  land.  I'^rery  Eskimo  who  can 
secnrc  it  will  have  an  adult  male  kiolik  skin  on  the  back  of  his  toopik. 
^Khe  Pkins  ai'e  here  never  used  for  elotfiing:,  the  hair  being  too  short  and 
^Bhui.  lliey  disappear  from  Cumberland  when  the  iee  makes,  and  retuin 
^Bgain  in  spriu*;:  with  oj^en  water,  but  stay  only  a  abort  time.  The  tle^Hh 
^■a  much  uiferior  to  the  net^iek. 

12.  Phoca  baxbata,  O,  Knli. 
^^L  "Oj^jook,"  C'unilH'rIiiuil  Eiikiuiu;  **Oo-Mtok,"  Grofulanders. 

^»  Tliis  seal  was  first  notiee<l  a  little  to  the  southward  of  Cajw  Chidly, 
and  thence  northwanl  to  our  winter  harbor  hi  about  lat.  07°  X,  Ac- 
^Borrling  to  the  Eskimo  they  are  the  most  common  about  Cape  !Aleroy, 
^■TutnirrU'Ute,  and  the  wmtheni  Ciunberland  waters*  wheiv  Ihcy  remain 
Pftie  year  around,  if  there  is  open  water.  They  remain  in  tiie  sound  only 
.  (luring  the  time  there  is  open  water,  as  they  have  no  atliik. 
^H  On  the  west  coast  of  Davis  Straits  they  are  not  rare,  but  are  said  by 
^w-halemen  to  dimitiisli  in  numbers  above  lat.  7o^  X.  Tliey  apix*ar  to  ln^ 
lore  common  on  the  southern  slioi-es  of  the  west  coast  of  Davis  Straits 
tn  on  the  uortheni,  st>  that  tlie  natives  go  southw*ard  some  dlst;ince 
neciire  the  skins.  Was  noticed  anionjj  the  paek-iee  in  Davis  Sti-aits 
July  unil  Auy:ust. 

The  u^yook  delijrhts  in  basking  upon  pieces  of  floating  ice,  and  gen- 
ii!^' keeps  well  out  at  sea,     I  have  never  seen  any  nuiabcrs  together, 
but  almost  always  singly.    The  old  malei«  do  not  seem  to  agree  well,  and 


62  XATITRAL   HI8T0HT  OF  ABCTIC   AJtERICA. 

often  have  severe  battles  ou  the  ice-tioee  when  they  meet, 
foiv  (liitpi'i-s,  iustojul  of  the  teeth,  in  tifrliting;. 

In  Cuml>erlaud  tliry  lH.*;;iu  working'  northwant  an  thst  tw  Ibt-  ii( 
etlye  of  the  ice  breaks  up,  urriviiig  in  tlie  Wciuity  of  Aiinauaietwtk  ah 
the  latter  days  of  June.     In  autiimu  they  move  southward  a«  fast 
the  ice  makes  across  the  sonnd,  iilways  keeping  in  open  water.   Tit 
are  seWoni  fouml  in  the  smaller  tjoitis  or  bays,  but  delight  in  wide 
pauses  of  wiiter.    They  dive  to  great  depths  aftwr  their  food,  wliicli 
almost  entirely  cnwfnce*/,  mollusks,  and  even  clams  of  oonsideraWe 
This  seal  has  a  habit  of  tuniing  a  summersault  when  abont  todi^ 
especially  when  fired  at ;  thi.s  iK-culiarity,  whieli  is  not  shwwlbyan 
other  species  that  1  have  seen,  is  a  characteristic  by  which  it  way 
distinguished  at  a  considei-able  distance.    During  May  and  JtuKt  (Ji 
crawl  out  upon  an  ice-floe^  to  bask  and  sleep;  at  sueh  timers  tlicy 
eiwily  approachcKl  by  the  Kskimo  in  their  kyacks  and  liillcd.    Aa  iidi 
will  often  measure  ten  feet  between  the  two  extremes.    Tlie  color 
variable  j  tlic  tawniness  n»ore  or  less  clouded  with  lighter  or  darkiT  mart 
higs  irregulaiily  disiwrsed.    By  July  some  of  them  becomi*  alim 
naked.    At  this  season  tlieir  stomaehs  containe*!  nothing  but  sKmw 
some  of  them  ueaiiy  of  a  quarter  i>oiuid  weight    They  seem  to  «it  w 
ing  during  the  entire  time  of  shedding,  probably  six  weekd,    Cemb  A 
is  they  lose  all  their  blubber,  and  by  the  middle  of  July  have  notliiu( 
but  "  whiteborse,^  a  tough,  white,  somewhat  ciirtilaginous  substaiic*'*  ii 
place  of  blubber.    At  this  season  they  siidc  whcji  shot.    Some  spccimt'i 
were  jn-ocure*!  that  hml  scarcely  any  teeth  at  all,  and  in  many  wlall 
the  tt»eth  can  almost  be  plneked  out  with  the  fingers.    The  young 
born  u]ion  jneces  of  floating  ice,  without  any  covering  of  snow, 
season  of  procreation  is  diu^ing  the  fore  part  of  May.    After  lUeyiiuD| 
have  shed  their  first  woolly  coat  (which  they  do  in  a  few  daynjr  H 
have  a  very  beautiftil  steel-blue  hair,  but  generally  so  clouded  oveTffii 
iri'egularly  dispersed  i)atches  of  white  that  its  beauty  is  spoiled. 

A  foetus  was  prociu"ed  near  the  IMiddlicyuacktwack  Islaud»  April 
Its  extreme  length  was  four  feet  seven  inches. 

Lenglh  of  head 

Widt  h  of  nuizzle , .  i3j 

AVidth  of  fore  lliin»er ^^l 

Length  of  fore  flipper  to  end  of  nails 'i^j 

iiivalest  expanse  of  hind  tlip|>er 1-^' 

Length  of  hind  Hipper 13 

From  end  of  nose  to  eye 5--! 

Distance  between  eyes ^ 


Color  nnlforin  giizzly  mouse-color,  with  a  tinge  of  olive-^ay.    Muz- 
crown,  and  irregular  i»atcb*^s  on  l)ack  antl  fore  flipi>ers  white.    Fi-oni 
to  eyes*  u  black  line  crossiniir  the  head  bsiek  of  the  eyei*,  forminpf  a 
feet  croKS.    NuilH  hanibhie,  tipjietl  with  white    Iris  dai'k  brown. 
llack.    Muzzle  wide ;   lips  full  and  tlesliy,  gi\ing  the  animal  a 
loii  expression.    Body  long  and  slender.     Beard  pellucid,  abundant, 
ite,  Ht<tut,  the  bn.sile.s  {nowiug  shorter  from  the  eye  toward  the  nos- 
Uiud  flippers  hir^^e  and  heavy,  h>oking  disprojwrtionate.    The 
|or  rather  short,  but  fine  and  somewhat  woolly.   Tliero  was  interspersed 
>ther  kind  of  haii-,  stiff  and  of  a  steel-blue;  the  next  coat,  I  take  it. 
le  Ksldmo  are  firm  in  the  beUef  that  the  ogjook  sheds  its  first  coat 
dn  the  uterus  of  the  mother.    In  this  instance  there  was  certaiidy 
»ty  of  loose  hair  in  the  uterus;  bnt  the  8i)oeimen  had  l)eeu  di-agged 
itne  miles  bi  its  enveloins  over  the  iY>ugli  ice,  iind  banged  ai-ound  <_H>nsid- 

fibly,  l>ediUe.s  having  been  kept  three  or  four  days  in  an  Kskiuio  igloo 
ong  a  heap  of  decflyiug  garbage,  so  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  if  the 
ir  wa8  loose.  There  was  little  blnbl>er  on  the  sx>eehnen,  and  this  was 
ckly  interspei-sed  witli  bl<KMl-ves.sels.  The  intestines  towtuil  theuuns 
tilled  with  dung.  Tlie  kidneys  were  very  large,  the  heart  remark- 
so.  The  cartilaginous  i}rolongation  of  the  thorax,  so  prominent 
p4i(/omtfs  ftetifluH^  in  wanting  in  this  species. 

le  o^Ofik  is  of  great  value  to  the  Eskimo,  who  prize  the  skins  very 
fhly.    All  their  haniesses,  sealingliues,  &e.,  are  made  from  the  nivr 
;  besitles  this,  tbey  make  the  soles  of  their  boots,  and  sometimes 
ler  [Mirtions  of  their  dress,  frtmi  the  skin.    In  such  localities  as  tho 
^linlemen  do  not  vU\U  and  the  natives  are  obliged  to  eoustruut  skin 

titM,  this  seal  is  in  givat  demand.  It  takes  fifteen  skins  fur  an  omiuak, 
skin  boat,  and  these  skins  re<^iuii-e  renewing  very  often.  The  skin  of 
i  back  and  bcdly  dries  unevenly,  so  tbe  Eskimo  skin  the  animal  by 
Cdttitig  it  lougitudinally  along  both  sides,  and  drying  the  skin  of  the 
tipper  and  lower  j»arts  separuti^ly.  It  is  a  pii-valent  belief  among  whale- 
teen  that  seals"  livers,  and  more  esi»ei'iidly  tUoseof  this  si)ecies,  art*  poison- 
,,  but  I  am  inclined  to  rate  this  us  iunigiuation.  Wo  ate  tho  livers 
'all  species  we  procured  without  any  ba<l  etVeets, 


I 


?3.  Trichechtu  roaznams,  Liniif^. 

•Awoiik"  antl  "Ivik,"  (.'uuiliertaml  Eskimu. 

le  walruB  is  quite  common  about  Cape  Mercy  and  the  southeni  waters 
Cumberland,  bnt  at  the  present  day  nu-ely  strays  far  up  tho  sound, 
m-  remuiua,  however,  aro  b^-  uu  means  n»re,  even  in  tlie  Greater  King- 


NATURAL   HISTORY  OF   ARCTIC    A^fERICA. 

wab,  aurl  many  ot*  tlie  old  Eskimo  hut  foundaticmB  contain  tlio  nmuiiui 
of  this  jMUHial.    The  Eskimo  sjiy  th*^y  got  dukI  anil  left ;  tt-rtuiii  H  MJ 
they  are  found  arouml  Aiiuanat'look  only  as  stra;:trh'r«  ni  fh<»  jir*"*! 
day.    CouHidei-nWe  nu!uboi*s  wore  observe^l  on  piotvwof  Uoatiii^  ieciimrj 
Cape  Mercy  in  July.    Al»ont  Niijriuneute  they  are  largely  hnntH  Inrtt 
EskiiuM  liviij^'  thero.    Tlur  Eskimo  sny  the  tnsUN  of  tlic  inaU*  alvi»yi 
lii'iid  tnUward  luwmd  the  tijis,  while  those  of  the  ftmiale  iK-iid  iiiwwL 

14.  CUtophora  cristata,  (Grx1<^b.)Nil89. 

The  hiudder-no.se  appears  to  be  rery  rare  in  the  ni>per  CumWdawl 
waters.  One  si>ecimen  was  procured  at  Annanaetwk  in  autiniin.  !l* 
only  one  I  saw.  Ttie  Eskimo  had  no  name  for  it,  and  said  IIh'v  had  ntit 
seen  it  befoi*e.  I  aftci-ward  learned  that  they  are  rtc^isionally  tiikm, 
alK)nt  the  Kikkerton  Ldands  in  spring  and  autumn.  I  t^auul  tJiclr] 
remains  in  the  old  kiteheumiddens  at  Kijigwah.  A  gocnl  matiy  intli- 
viduals  were  noticed  among  the  itaekiee  in  Davis  Struit.s  in  July. 

CETACEA. 

1.  Baleeua  mysticetus,  Liun^. 

"Alit'ik."  I'mrilMTlmul  Eskimo. 

Also  eaUed  '*P(imali.'-     1  think  the  word  had  its  origin  in  thisviAJ 
WIk'U  whah^men  tirst  began  to  fTuise  in  these  waters,  few,  if  my 
them,  had  a  knowhMlge  of  the  Eskimo  huignage,  and,  to  make  tbei»irtn<.'*| 
nndeivtand  what  tlioy  wei*e  after,  imitated  the  sponfing  of  the  whiilf'T 
blowing.     This  was  soon  taken  up  by  th«»  Kskimi*  as  the  »MN»(!hiimk'j 
(white  innn*s)  word  for  whale,  and  soon  eante  into  general  nmijrei 
thus  one  of  the  first  words  wa«  made  that  now  unistitutes  a  pail  i4\l 
pigeon- lOnglisli  ot*  the  whalemen's  jarpfon. 

Tlie  Cninl»crhmd  Sound,  or  Mogarth  fclound  of  Penny  (Xortha^lW^j 
land  Inlet  of  Wandmni  in  1H41),  has  l»een  renownwl  among  ^>teh  »n<l 
American  wlndemeu  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ah  a  fiivnnt< 
resoit  of  the  right  whide,  and  one  of  the  UKist  proflrable  whaliiitr  ^ 
lions  on  the  globe.     But  tliis  hx^dity,  like  all  otiiers,  has  In^nwil" 
onghly  hunted  nearly  every  i«.nison  for  a  numlter  of  yeawi  that  it 
longer  suHtains  its  pnstuie  renowti  as  a  irroMialde  whaling  gmnnd. 

So  many  ships  wcresonietiiiiKH  fniMMl  hen*  at  ttue  tium  that  lli»*ix*  itr^» 
a  great  spiiit  of  strife  among  the  cn'ws  as  to  which  vessel  would  pn«>i 
the  tno^r  whales,  aud  a.H  a  eiuiKHpn-nce  whale«i  wens  struck  when  tlii'^ 
wa.s  Iftit  the  sMgliteM  ehauee  <»f  securing  them,  tuid  the  line  hwl  »•*' 
out  to  set  them  Htv^,    Such  whahw  in  all  pndinbillty  die,  lait  urtt  WJi' 


MAM5fAL8. 


65 


»y  Iiavc  succeeiletl  in  ponnancntly  frightening  others,  which,  instend 

seeking  the  iipiier  waters  of  the  Koiuid  for  a  few  weeks'  rjuiet  feeding, 

ike  out  and  are  seen  no  more. 

Instead  of  allowing  tliese  tininmls  to  go  up  the  sotuid,  and  find  their 

H^orJte  feeding  grounds,  they  arc  attueked  and  chased  a^  soon  ns  they 

^Bdw  tht»niKelves  at  tlie  moutJi  of  the  Houml.     In  fact,  thcv  luive  Iteen 

^BlKTsistently  i^ersecute*!  that  now  very  few  \ms^  up  above  Xiiintilic  or 

the  Kikkeiion  Ishiiidn. 

'he  fall  whaling  begins  lato  iii  September  and  continues  till  the  iee 

kkeHa(roK.s  the  sound.  The  winding  at  this  season  is  attended  with 
it  danger  and  hardships  to  the  ci-ews,  nnd  it  is  Avhile  prosecuting 
fall "  lishing''  that  the  foundation  to  many  a  stubborn  case  of  scnn'y 

laid. 

'he  spring  whaling  begins  generally  in  March  or  April,  and  continues 

►ng  the  tloe  edge  nniil  July,  when  the  ice  has  left  the  souufl. 

The  Eskimo  iVoni  the  southern  part  of  the  sound  and  along  the  coast 
^■ni  Nugumente  to  Iludson^s  Strait.s  report  whales  ns  found  in  those 
TocsUities  all  winter;  it  is  then  (piite  probably  that  they  reproduce  on 
^jiese  coasts  during  the  latter  part  of  winter. 

^■A-ccording  to  Kskiino  tradition,  these  animals  were  once  very  abiuid- 
^^  in  the  Cumberland  waters,  and  their  remains  now  bleaching  on  the 
^ftky  shores  faithfnlly  te-stify  to  this  fact. 

^^Of  late  yeaw,  whalers  frerpienting  Cumberland  Sound  have  been  in 
the  habit  of  employing  natives  to  catch  whales,  supplying  them  with 
bOBt«  and  all  necessary  erpiipments.    It  is  jicedless  to  say  that  they  arts 
Hhre  successful  than  the  whites  in  this  hunt. 

^^'ith  their  own  primitive  gear,  the  Eskimo  seldom  attacked  a  large 
wliale;  bnt  yearlings  were  fretpiently  caught.  1  Avas  presented  with  a 
^ppoonhcad  by  the  captain  of  a  Peterhead  whaler,  that  had  been  taken 
oat  of  ft  very  large  whale  caught  ne^ir  the  Kikkerton  Islaiuls;  it  wjis  im- 
^pldeil  in  the  inH*ickft^no  that  the  wh;de  must  have  been  struck  while  it 
Wbb  cpiite  small  in  ortler  that  the  haqjoon  slioiUd  have  piercetl  thnaigh 
tho  blubber,    Tlie  weajion  is,  moreover,  of  a  pattern  which  the  Eskimo 

«|iiowed  it  to  say  they  never  saw  before;  but  I  mnst  confess  I  can  see 
it  a  ver>' slight  diOerence  in  it  fntm  those  in  use  at  the  i>rescnt  day. 
^_Jho  **  black  slun,^  called  **muktuk"  by  the  natives,  is  cansi<lcred  as 
^^reat  delicacy;  when  they  have  not  eaten  of  this  ftKsl  for  some  time, 
and  then  get  an  opportunity  to  indulge  to  their  heart's  content,  they  eat 
till  they  can  hanlly  move. 

BnIL  >'at.  >Ius.  >'o.  15 5 


KATURAL  HISTORT   OV  AHin^IC   A5IERICA. 


2.  FkysilU  aatiqaoram.  Gray. 

I  caanot  iiositively  assert  that  the  i-azor-back  frcqucntJi  the  Cumber- 
md  w«tier¥i  to  any  great  extent ;  in  fact,  I  Bomewliat  duubt  if  it  doui, 
one  reasou  beiii^  possibly  the  scarcity  of  flsb.  I  have  seen  it  nortli 
of  ntidsoirs  Straits  and  about  Cape  Mercy,  as  well  as  on  the  Greuuluwll 
coast  in  Disko  Bay. 

3.  Megmptera  loaglmana  Uniy. 

Uunii>-l>aok  of  whalers. 
I  couUl  not  ascertain  that  this  whale  is  common  in  Cuiuberhmd  at  any 
aMMOti.    It  fre<iueut.s  the  feoutheru  waters,  Imt  is  little  tionblt.'d  by  tbe 
'  vhaiers.    The  Eskimo  do  not  seem  to  have  a  very  ek*ar  idea  of  it. 

Oroa  gladiator,  (Bonn.)  Hnmh 
"Killer*'  of  wlialere. 

The  killer  is  a  veiy  common  whale  in  the  Cumbcrhmd  watent.  They 
arrive  with  the  white  whales,  which  tlicy  follow  up  the  fjordK.  Mwj 
thrilling  .stories  are  told  by  the  Eskimo  as  well  as  wlialemen  of  deq>ente 
fights  between  this  animal  and  other  whales.  The  Eskimo  are  mtlwf 
afraid  of  it,  especially  the  solitary  kyacker.  I  have  known  the  white 
whales  to  conie  in  close  proximity  to  the  ship  and  lie  along  herridw? 
when  tbey  were  i)ui*8ued  by  these  voracious  sea-wolves. 

5.  Fhoceeaa  oommuiili,  Brooks. 

The  piiri>oise  is  by  no  means  rare,  especially  in  the  southern  vaXexi 
during  spring  and  autumn.  I  neither  saw  nor  heard  of  tlicm  iu  tint 
vicinity  of  Aunauactook. 

6.  Beluga  catodon,  (Liuu6)  Gray. 

Wliifr  fish,  or  Wliitft  vrluilf,  of  wIl-iUts.     "KiUrliiftk,*'  CuuiIktIuimI  fjJiim*'- 

The  white  whales  begin  to  work  up  the  sound  as  soon  as  the  ioc  hpffin* 
to  loosen.    They  l)ecome  vejy  abundant,  esiwcially  in  tlie  Orwit  KiUi.'V*^ 
fjord.    In  July  many  hundreds  repair  to  the  sundbenches  of  thiK  fjoi 
and  some  whalers  have  attempted  to  catch  them  in  net.s,  but  with  iwli 
ferent  success.    They  are  sometimes  driven  up  into  shallow  water 
flood  tide,  and  by  the  receding  of  the  water  many  nn-.  left  high  uuil  Ji 
It  i«  a  tiuestion  of  interest  wbat  tbey  go  into  this  ij4>rd  aCter.    It  i«»' 
to  have  tlu'ir  younj^,  as  they  are  ah-eady  with  the  niotliers;  nor  doe« 
seem  to  be  after  fctotU  as  lirttu  or  nothing  is  found  in  th<*ir  stomachi* 
this  time.    One  thing  1  uoticcil,  when  thoy  go  up  the  Qord  they  lia^t* 
rdgged  api>earauce  and  dirty  color,  and,  accoitliug  to  some  whali 


MAMMALS.  67 

ire  covered  with  parasites ;  but  after  they  have  been  rolling  and  nib- 
bing themselves  on  the  sand-beaehes  for  a  few  days  they  look  much 
anoother  and  their  color  is  a  creamy  white.  The  Eskimo  say  the  males 
ind  females  keep  separate,  but  I  do  not  think  there  is  much  truth  in 
ihis  statement.  Some  think  they  go  on  these  shoals  to  avoid  the  attacks 
if  the  killers,  which  play  sad  havoc  among  them  outside,  but  do  not 
toUow  them  into  shallow  water  j  but  if  this  were  the  reason,  they  would 
take  refuge  in  any  small  bay  or  inlet,  and  not  choose  this  particular  Qord 
year  after  year.  I  found  no  external  parasites,  but  the  internal  ear 
cavity  was  nearly  filled  with  worm-like  animals  nearly  two  inches  long. 
They  were  firmly  attached  by  one  end,  and  stood  erect,  having  some- 
wliat  the  appearance  of  very  coarse  hairs.  While  niigratiug  into  the 
sound  they  always  keep  just  at  the  floe  edge,  and  if  the  ice  is  broken  do 
not  seem  to  like  getting  among  it.  In  the  winter  of  1876-77,  a  couple 
got  belated  and  froze  up  in  the  Kingwah  tide  rifts.  They  were  harpooned 
by  the  Eskimo  in  January.  A  considerable  number  of  these  whales  are 
caught  by  the  Eskimo  from  their  kyacks. 

7.  Blbnodou  monooeros,  Liiin6. 

Narwhal  of  whalemen.     "Killelnakauak/'  Eskimo. 
By  no  means  abundant,  but  of  regular  occurrence  in  spring  and  au- 
tumn.   These  whales  give  the  Eskimo  much  trouble  to  capture^  on 
account  of  their  agility.    The  horn  is  often  used  for  the  handle  of  the 
harpoon,  and  for  various  other  purposes  where  wood  is  scarce. 


BIRDS 


Dt  LmwiG  KuMUKX. 


The  following  list  is  of  uecessity  fragmcBtary  aud  very  incomplete 
m  various  reaaona.  lu  the  first  place,  the  exi>edition  did  not  arrive 
t  the  proposed  TNinter-quartcrs  nntil  October,  when  the  weather  had* 
ome  so  inrleiuent  thiil  most  of  the  birds  had  gone  soutliwiird.  Dur- 
ing the  brief  stops  that  were  made  at  different  harboi*s  in  the  autumn  of 
1877, 1  was  often  obliged  to  roniain  on  shi[dK}anl  for  want  of  a  boat^ 
instead  of  cruising  about,  as  I  would  otherwise  have  done.  Of  coui-se 
^_I  often  went  out  with  the  Eskimo;  Imt  us  they  wei-e  looking  for  whalus 
^Had  scalSf  I  got  only  suth  biinls  as  accidentally  came  in  our  way.  In  the 
^Miring,  the  schooner  was  under  weigh  l>efore  the  bii-ds  had  fairly  begun 
^^nesting.  The  last  three  weeks  of  our  sojourn  in  tlie  winter  harbor  I  was 
^^rcveuted  from  making  any  esploratious,  except  in  the  immediate  vicin- 
^pty  of  the  harbor,  on  account  of  the  ice,  which  was  driven  northward  by 
the  long-continued  southerly  gales.  Tliis  ice  formed  so  perfect  a  banier 
^■ibout  us  that  we  could  not  get  out  of  the  harbor,  and  to  havo  venturetl 
^Kmong  it  with  a  boat  when  the  strong  eurK*nts  were  whirling  and  crash- 
^Bng  it  in  every  4lire<:tion  wonhl  have  been  a  piece  of  foolhanliuess  that 
^Koald  but  have  resulted  disastrously. 

^^  Tlieix^  is  no  point  <»n  eitlier  sidi^  of  Cumberland  Gulf  or  Sound  Ihat' 
is  le»s  suitable  for  a  natiualist  than  wivs  Anuanactook  Harbor.  It  is 
,  fornie<l  by  a  cluster  of  small  rocky  islands,  the  outermost  of  a  large 
^kx>ap  l>'ing  between  the  Greater  aod  Lesser  Kingwah  Fjords.  The 
^Bearest  point  to  the  mainland  from  the  harbor  was  alK)nt  nine  miles. 
^^here  were  extensive  valleys,  with  large  grassy  flats  and  siuidy  IxiJiches, 
I  much  frequGuted  by  dill'erent  kiu4ls()f  biitls,  both  for  feeding  and  brewl- 
^Blg  groiua'  . 

^M  When  the  season  was  so  &r  advanced  that  these  places  became  the 

^^sons  of  birds,  I  seldom  got  an  opi>ort»mity  to  go  on  a  cruise,  for  with 

the  inclemeucy  of  the  weather,  the  unoertaiiity  of  procuring  a  boat,  aud 

the  treacherous  condition  of  the  ice,  it  was  ulmost  sure  that  one  or  the 

GO 


70 


rtmAL    HISTOHY    OF    ARCTIC    AMERICA. 


other  of  rawbaeka  "woiikl  iiidefinitely  posti>ono  n  coiittMnplated 

journey.    At  tbia  time  I  had  the  use  of  but  one  hnud^  and  cuuld  utrt 
manage  a  kyack. 

All  the  islands  in  th©  vicinity  of  Annanactook  are  rocky — mini  iirk^ 

in  fact — with  extremely  scanty  vegetation.    The  fehorca  luv  jrcuoniily 

steep  bluffs,  and  vQry  little  besicli  is  eximsed  at  low  tide-    A  (vvr  mOei 

p  tte  Greater  Kiu^uh,  howeyerj  are  very  extensive  beacbes^  and 

er  all  tlip  Tvotlera  congregated  as  soon  as  the  ieo  be^jau  to  1ih»*pi] 

n  the  shores     Aft^s^r  leiiving  our  irinter  harbor,  the  Florence  nuuk 

'  i^tops  at  *  fferent  poiatii^  but  for  sach  aboit  periode  tliat  it  gan 


St  I  receivcM;!  very  gn^t  n«si«t- 
fly,  of  Godhiivn,  tbrongh  ^Iiom 
imeui^.  I  can  never  forgvt  tbe 
this  educated  and  retiuwl  gra- 

of  Oixlbam,  I  am  under  vo^' 
table  domitious  of  interMtiof! 
ig  zesil  in  making  our  soJanrQ 


lue  very  little  time  fo 

After  oTtr  arrivid  oi 
anee  fvom  Governor  Edgar  Fentatj  o' 
kindness  I  procured  tnany  valua 
kindness  smd  unbounded  hospit^ 
tlemun  and  enthusiastic  natnraEst. 

To  In*ipector  10*arup  Bmit^  and 
gi-eat  obllgaHonSj  not  alone  for  the 
Eskimo  implements,  but  for  their  xai 
as  pleasant  as  pogLsible,  and  the  ready  j  id  eutertaining  informatiun  on 
many  little  knowii  subjects  jtortaining  to  .Vrette  laattcr.-*. 

I  was  not  a  little  surprised,  as  well  as  dehghted,  to  find  in  Governor 
Fencker  a  person  perfectly  familiar  with  the  birds  of  North  America  as 
well  as  Europe.  During  his  eleven  years'  residence  in  Northern  Green- 
land he  has,  of  coiu^e,  added  much  to  the  knowledge  of  Arctic  ornithol- 
ogy, and  I  was  pleased  to  learn  that  he  contemplated  giving  the  worid 
the  benefit  of  his  observations  in  an  illustrated  work  on  the  birds  of 
Greenland.  Such  a  work,  embellished  with  his  superb  drawings,  can- 
not fail  to  rank  very  high  among  the  ornithological  literature  of  the  age. 

I  have  not  the  least  doubt  that  futiu-e  explorations  in  Cumberland 
waters  will  yield  a  much  richer  harvest  than  I  gathered.  Many  species 
will  be  added,  especially  if  the  Lake  Kennedy  region  is  visited  in  sum- 
mer. 

For  the  benefit  of  any  future  explorer  who  may  visit  this  section  of 
country  I  will  give  what  appears  to  me  the  best  route  and  manner  of 
reaching  Lake  Kennedy.  A  person  wintering  in  Cumberland  will  be 
very  apt  to  be  stationed  either  at  NiantiUc  on  the  western  shore,  or  the 
"^ikkerton  Islands  on  the  easteni,  a  little  farther  to  the  north.  These 
t8  are  favorite  resorts  for  Eskimo  in  winter,  and  hunting  parties 


BIKDS. 


71 


ri»  Ijolh  ActtleuicntH  for  the  interior  every  8iiimn(T,  no  tbere  wouUI  bo 
iliffic'ulty  in  &ecimu{^  Eskimo  guitWs  nud  iiJisistauts.  who  ai'H  ab«o- 
rly  necessary  to  the  siiL-cess  of  such  an  enten>rise.  Go*mI  stroujrdog- 
tiiH.  to  oarry  boats  and  all  the  rerinii-ed  e([uipnients,  eati  be  secnred 
fn»ni  the  Eskimo,  they  ilriviiij^'  thuir  own  teams. 

The  start  should  be  uiade  in  Hay,  and  the  LOorMe  up  the  .«o-call«l 
•'Mitlln  Ki'itook  '*  tjord  that  opens  into  the  gulf  about  forty  iniles  north 
^£ikkertun  Islands  on  tJiu  wi-stern  mhore.    This  fjoni  ran  at  tliin 
be  tniveled  with  ease  with  sledges  its  entire  di.stanee — about 
^ly  niilei<.    Durinj;  this  8tajre of  tlie  journey  the  PZHkinio  could  secure 
igh  seid  in  the  fjord  for  both  man  and  beast.    When  the  inlaud 
intry  wiw  n*aebed,  n'iudeer  would  iiiuke  a  very  jureptiililesubHtitute. 
U  this  Niipply  HhouJd  iu  no  wine  be  .solely  depended  ujion.     When  the 
(\  of  the  ijord  is  reached  there  will  Vm  found  a  iVeHli-wuttr  stream,  the 
rtcm  exit  fur  the  Kennedy  Lake  waters.    This  .streuui  Hhould  be  fol- 
wwl  to  the  lake.     If  it  l>e  late  in  tlie  se.i.sou,  a  whale-boat  may  be  taken 
{Uti  rttrt'iuu  with  comparative  ease.    TIumv  uiv  some  |ilaec.s  \vlH'r4*  The 
mu.s  in  narrow  jjorjj^es,  but  the  stuToundin;^ <M«intry  otters  suitable 
£>«  for  a  portage  over  such  |H)ints,  into  the  numerous  lake-like  ex- 
(i<uis  that  will  be  met  with.     If  it  be  in  May  there  will  lie  fouiul  an 
Madauce  of  huow  fur  tnividinf^  with  Hle<lges  on  the  land,  and  the  cnm- 
itively  level  i-haracter  of  tlie  country,  which  become??  more  strikiujfly 
one  uearR  the  lake,  will  lu'e^ent  but  lew  obntacleH  to  a  i^ood  dog- 
n. 

li^ht  canvas  tent  should  be  a  part  of  the  ecpiipment.     "Ulule  the 

w  laj«te<l  thi.s  could  lie  incIosc<l  within  a  wall  of  snow,  and  later  be 

very  comfortable  with  a  stone  walk 

lake  aljonnds  in  numerous  small  islands,  has  sandy  as  well  ns 

lM»achc8,  autl  is  a  favorite  resort  tbr  u»yriads  of  waterfowl.     It  is 

large  that  one  cani»ot  see  across  it.     Its  loeatiiui  is  prolmbly  l>etween 

6(it.h  and  07tb  i>arallclN  of  north  latitiule.    Salmon  lu-e  abun<lant  ui 

waters,  and  a  seal  that-,  &om  the  skiUf  I  eotdd  not  distin<^iish  from 

ftt  /(rtithtft^  abounds  iu  consideniblemiinl>ers.    The  vicinity  is  the 

\e  fewling-gr<mnd  of  immense  lienls  of  reiu<Iec»r.     Wf»lve8  and 

are  very  nnmeroos,  and  among  the  Eskimo  there  is  mention  of  an 

il  that  from  their  desciiptions  and  drawings  seems  to  be  a  (?w/o. 

roM.sils  (Stlnrian)  seem  to  be  very  abundant,  and  petrifactiojis  mar- 

loujOy  |rt'rfect  abound  in  the  lowlands.    The  surrounding;  eonntry  has 

the  general  aspect  of  a  high  nortlieni  pniirio,  being  quite  tiat  and 


72 


NATURAL    HISTORY   OF   ARCTIC   AMEKICA. 


suistaiuing  a  ^ood  gron'tb  of  iirtksa  mid  plants.  The  a^ticui  to  tliO.  Cm 
bcrlaud  cofi8t  on  tbu  east  and  tUa  Fox  Cliaunet  ou  the  vrcM  is  so  gnidi 
that  it  is  hardly  ptrcejitible,  the  coast -liue  in  h*)th  instances  liein^j  ju 
cipitoUH.  This  is  ehpecially  true  of  the  western  ftlojK*,  Avheix?  it  i* 
gniduul  that  it  is  with  the  greatest  astonishment  one  suddenly  flnt 
himself  ou  ttie  nuiuuiit  of  au  euoriuous  cliff,  witli  the  breaUeiii  of  F< 
Channel  dashing  on  tlie  i-ocks  hclow  him  and  an  expanse  of  water  i*lrel« 
iiiK  to  the  westwiirtl  as  f;ji*  as  the  eye  can  ix'aeb. 

The  western  outlet  of  the  hike  is  larger  than  the  eastern,  »ud  i» 
to  empty  throuj,'h  a  deep  gorge  near  Point  AtcDonalrL 

A  far  less  satisfactory  time  to  go  is  after  tlie  V»peHking-np  of  the  i< 
There  is  no  donht  it  eould  be  perlonuod  with  less  lalwir  and  fattj^e 
this  tinie,  but  for  the  natumlist  the  best  wias*>n  wouhl  l»e  over. 

When  the  collections  are  ready,  they  can  bo  safely  cached  till  winter, 
and  brought  down  in  comparative  safety  on  dog-sledges.    A  %*er5'  inti 
esling  station  for  a  uatuitillst  would  Iw  near  the  mouth  of  the  gidf, 
the  vicinity  of  the  lukkerton  Ishinds;  atthisphice  Ih*To  wtmUl  )*co] 
water  in  Ai^ril  or  May,  and  many  valuable  bir<h»  could  be  secured  bufo 
they  scatter  over  the  country  to  breed.      When  the  birds  arrive 
Annanaotook,  the  season  is  already  so  far  advanced  that  they  inui 
ately  begin  nesting.     1  have  coiiohuled  to  retain  in  the  piiiwMii  lUt 
Hx>bcies  ou  very  slight  evidence  in  the  hope  that  it  may  in  aoiiie  dcj 
assist  futiu*e  ex^dorers  and  put  them  on  the  lookout  fur  somo  r|i 
that  might  otherwise  escape  their  notice. 

Tlte  l>irds  do  not  congiegatc  in  large  nnmlHTS  on  the  islands 
Cumberland  to  breed,  the  way  they  do  to  the  southwai*d  and  ou  tl 
Greenhind  coast.     Thei'e  is  an  exce2)tion  witli  SomatiTkt-  moUi 
8omo  spiH^ios  that  breed  by  myriads  two  Uuntlred  miles  to  the  MmtliM 
and  are  e4pudly  numerous  on  the  coast  of  Greenlarul  to  73^  N.  lal 
are  found  only  as  occasional  stragglers  in  the  Ciuubcrland  wat«tn«. 

Some  idea  of  the  barrenness  of  the  ihlamLs  around  Annanactuok 
be  arrive<l  at  from  the  fact  that  from  Octol>er  to  July  tm^  Imrc 
two  pUtrmiij<n\8  were  brought  in,  and  iher**  wen*  twelve  EskiuMi 
huntiHl  the  gi'eatcr  part  of  the  tina*,  and  I  was  out  on  overy  oocasMB 
when  I  thought  it  at  all  likely  that  such  game  conJd  be  procui-eiL    Scvf 
whalers  lune  tuhl  me  that  near  Xugiuneut<i  tJiey  havi'  \vm\  an  high 
tiro  hundred ptanuitj ft n$  duiing  the  winter,  an«l  hares  in  ubuiidancc. 

I  have  added  the  Eskimo  namc^s  of  the  birds  in  such  instttaoos  m 
couhl  do  so  with  certainty.    The  Gi-cetilanders^  nanie^  atv  ci(tMi  i\xd\ 


BIRDS. 


73 


Liflfreut  from  tlie  Ciuubci'lnnd  Hotiuil  E^kijuo;  these  have  also  been 
Itlcd.  Those  names  will  be  of  umj  tu  nay  one  visitiug  this  I'egiun  uot 
inverHiuit  with  the  Eskimo  language. 


^ 


1-  Turdus  aliciae,  Hil. 

One  «i>ei;inien  caugiit  on  shipboaixl  off  the  coast  of  XewfonutllaniJ, 

•tober  2*J,  1K7.S. 
3.  Saxioola  csnaotbe,  IW-^-list. 

tlirvetl.s  aldug  iHith  sliorth  of  rumbt*iiand  and  on  flif  \vo»t  r-oa8t  of 
Javia  :^trait»,  but  rmt?. 
One  of  the  roninionest  UhkI  biriljs  on  DisUo  Ishiud,  Grw-'nlancl,  and 
round  Disko  liay,  both  on  the  islands  nn<l  nniinliuuL  I  showed  H|MH:i- 
HMis  to  K»kinio  fnnn  yujLriiiiH'Ulc  :ind  Frobishi-r  Straits,  iitid  thi-y  in- 
lantly  r<*oogni/A*<l  them  and  sai*!  they  breed  tlK*re,  but  arc  nut  plenty. 

3.  Anthua  ludoviciauoa,  HtTliHt. 

Kiing-nilk-took,  CnmbcrlAiiH  Kifkiino. 

Tlie  lirst  speeiiuens"^'ere  seen  intliespriufrat  Annjina«'tf»ok  Harbor  on 

le  30th  of  May.     Tb(»re  wa«  no  baivgmnnd;  Vmt  they  Irerpieulcd  the 

dc-nfts  at  low  water,  searching  after  snmll  uiai-ine  animals. 

It  hxikwl  very  Htrange  to  set;  thit*  binl  running  aliout  among  the  tstoneii 

nd  in  the  water  like  a  Ciiwliia.     I  examined  tliestonmchs  of  speeinu'nH 

iled  in  these  localities,  ami  found  them  to  contain  Gommarm^  Lamodi- , 

[,  VaprdUt^  and  a  few  small  moUuids!    There  can  be  no  doubt  that 

were  feeding  on  this  ibod  from  nece**i*ity,  ai»d  not  choice,  for  there 

'U£  no  bare  ground  and  no  insects  at  this  time.     During  the  first  uf 

fune  we  had  tho  severest  Huow-sbirm  of  the  season,  and  I  think  nu^st 

them  perished.    They  would  con»e  ai-oiind  the  obsen^atory  and  shelter 

temnelvesaH  best  they  eouhl.     They  were  so  far  reduced  that  they  were 

sasily  anight  with  the  baud. 

In  autumn  they  leave  for  tln<  south  about  the  middle  of  Soi»tember. 

X  Ibis  efeiwon,  Ix^siflea  theii*  <liet  of  insects,  they  fee^l  on  the  K-rricf*  of 

'mpctrum  nigrum  and  Vacchiiitni  utiffhioHum.     During  summer  their  foo<l 

»Dsi.HtH  almost  entiixdy  of  insects,  largely  of  tlijUerous  larvie,  which  they 

rui'e  among  the  vark^  arotniil  the  fresh-wiitvr  ponds.     At  Ainian:^!' 

ik  they  l^egiin  buiUIing  alx)ut  the  litUh  of  June.    The  neat  was  always 

'A  deep  iu  a  rock  crevice,  so  far  in,  in  fact,  that  I  could  not  secnre 

ly  of  the  nests  I  found.     On  the  Greenhind  coast,  esjiet^inlly  iu  the 

iciuily  of  habitations,  they  otYi'u  build  i)i  a  tussock,  nuich  like  a  sjMUJtiw; 

mt  there  the  mveiis  are  uot  so  numerous  or  destnietivo  to  birds  uud 

a0  iu  Cumberland. 


r 


NATUBAL   HISTORY    OP   AUCTIC    AMERICA 


I 
I 


Tliey  practice  every  artifice  to  il&^oy  nn  iiitnulfr  from  the  vjciui 
th«  nest — shJimuiingrlifliiiMiesft,  aud  uttering;  tbc  most  plaintive  crirs;  flit- 
ting tiKtni  cmg  to  crag  before  the  pursuer  till  tbey  hiive  k*d  liiin  tar  *«*- 
yond  the  ncKt,  wLea  suddenly  tliey  e*eeiii  to  Lave  recnvcred,  and  taU 
longer  Higiita,  till  at  last  tbey  jump  up  veij  smaitly  and  fly  away  a(H 
parently  bigbly  elated  at  the  little  ruse  tbey  liave  mo  »neeei4wftdly  pnus 
tici'd. 

Tbia  little  binl  ia  considered  a  f^reat  enemy  by  the  Eskimo,  They  ms 
It  warna  the  reindeer  of  the  approach  of  the  biuiter,  andy  still  wori*, 
will  tell  the  reindeer  if  it  be  a  very  good  shot  that  ia  in  purj<nir,  that 
they  uiiiy  redouble  their  efforts  to  escape.  The  Kskiino  never  lo^e  iin 
opportunity  to  kill  one  of  these  liinlh.  I  b;iVH  h*4mi  unu  with  a  rilit 
wasting  bis  la^t  balli*  in  vain  atteuiptti  to  kill  one  when  be  knew  that 
there  was  a  herd  of  reindeer  not  more  tjian  a  (jnarter  of  u  Niile  away. 
They  nve  genemlly  difitributed  on  l.*oth  sides  of  CuiiilnTbuid  S^niml  and 
the  west  shores  of  Davis  Stniits  to  lat.  t>8^  N.  at  Ifast,  but  nowhere 
vejy  abundant.  Toward  autiunn  they  became  more  or  lesft  grejiCJutims 
and  seem  to  migrate  along  the  seashore. 

4.  Sitta  oarolLaenalB,  L. 

Caught  on  shipboard  off  the  coast  of  Xcwfnnndln7id  D<"tober  22, 

5.  DendrcBca  coronata,  (L.)  Gray. 

A  single  examide,  an  adult  male,  in  Godhavu  Harbor,  Greenland, 
Jidy  31, 1S78. 

6.  Siurus  na&vina,  (Bodd.)  Coues. 

Caught  on  board  the  Florence  in  Straits  of  Belle  Isle,  August  18. 

7.  Tachycineta  blcolor,  (Vieill.)  Cab. 

A  couple  of  these  swallows  followed  the  schooner  for  two  days  in  suc- 
cession off  Belle  Isle,  in  August,  1877.  "Where  were  they  during  the 
night  ? 

8.  Pyrrhula ? 

July  19, 1879,  wlule  hunting  among  the  mountains  near  Oosooadluin 
Harbor,  in  the  northern  waters  of  Cumberland,  my  attention  was  called 
by  a  bird  whistling  somewhat  like  Atnpelis  garruluSj  but  louder  and 
clearer.  I  soon  discovered  it  Hitting  among  some  small  willows  on  the 
grassy  ledges  of  a  i>erpendicular  cliff"  about  1,5(K)  feet  above  tide  level. 
I  coidd  not  scale  the  cliff*,  and  bad  to  content  myself  by  watching  it.  It 
was  apparently  nesting  among  the  willows,  but  kept  continnaUy  just 


DTRPS. 


7u 


of  range.  At  the  time  I  pronounc-ed  it  undoubtedly  the  fem^e 
Pjftrhutn  euro/je/r,  wliicli  it  resembled  ver>'  much  iudewl,  but  now  I 
iit'liuc  \o  (he  bcliel*  that  it  was  more  likely  the  mak  of  Pprrhitlti  nissiitiij 
md  thnt  the  female  wan  sitting.  I  made  a  life&ize  dr.iwiu^  of  it,  and 
lowed  it  to  all  the  Eskimo  iu  the  \icinity.  Xone  coidd  i-eeognize  it ; 
tut  mmi^  Anid  they  had  seen  8n<'li  a  Viiiil  at  Lake  Kennedy,  but  that  they 
inrv  "tummmnik  abertook,'^  all  red.  Thi.s  may  have  been  PinicoUi  enu- 
\tator,  Carpoduciut  jyttrpureutty  or  Pxfrrhula  eurojieaj  a«  I  tloubt  not  but 
le  la«t  species  would  be  ealleil  *^all  red^  by  an  Eskimo.  The  red  part 
luld  certainly  make  the  most  lusting  impreMsion  on  his  mind.  I  tried 
»r  some  hours  to  i»roeure  this  binl,  but  at  liist  it  flew  over  a  ra\iuc  that 
»ulil  not  cross.  I  lu^vcr  got  an  op|KU'tuuity  to  reviwit  tlie  U»cality, 
this  interesting  t^liscoveiy  had  to  be  left  unsettled.  The  bird  was 
>parently  stete-colored  on  the  breust,  the  upper  and  lower  tail-coverts 
ipicuotisly  white,  the  top  of  head  and  throat  much  darker  than  the 
rk.  The  flight  was  undulating.  It  kept  whistUng  almost  constautlyj 
which  lefl  me  to  tliink  it  was  a  male  bird, 

9.  Caipodacui  pmpureua.  <Qin.)  Oray. 

During  a  dense  fog,  Septendier  1, 1877,  off  Kesolution  Ishind,  north 
\i  Hudson's  Straits,  one  of  these  birds  was  caught  on  boani  the  Flor- 
lee,    Tlie  Eskimo  describe  a  binl  about  the  size  of  the  punde  finch 
ml  occure  in  the  interior,  and  is  "all  retl.''    8ueh  information  is,  how- 
',  in  no  manner  reliable,  as  "  abertook"  may  l)e  any  color  from  umber 
vermilion,  and  "  all,"  eapeoially  when  it  cornea  to  red,  may  be  but  a 
rBmAll  part  of  the  ))lumagc. 
LO.  Lozia  leuooptera,  (Wils.). 
Caught  on  boanl  tho  schooner  iii  a  fog  off  Boiuie  Bay,  Xewfonndland, 
kagnst  35, 1877.    Very  common  in  the  low  pines  at  the  head  of  Con- 
>{ytiou  Buy,  Xcwfoumlland,  October,  1878. 

11.  ^giothua  linaila,  (L.)  Cab. 

"Anorak, *'  Cumbirlaml  EHkiuio.  "Oriimgmatook,"  Greeuliuiders. 
Arrive  in  Cumberhmd  as  soou  as  the  snow  begins  to  disappear  from 
10  nmuutiiin  Hides.  1  found  them  about  >'inntdic  and  tho  ICikkerton 
Islands  in  September  and  OetobeT,  but  very  few  at  our  winter  hiirbor. 
ley  are  now  coumiou  from  >'ugunieutc  to  Uuilsou's  Stiaits,  and  iidand 
iward  Lake  Kenne<ly.  Wherever  there  is  a  valley  with  any  consider- 
iblo  VHg4»tation,  especially  low  willows,  they  are  almast  sure  to  be  found. 
»bHe>r\-4Ml  abundantly  on  t>isko  Island,  Greenland,  where  1  found  half- 


I 


78  NATUEAL    HICTORY    OF   AECTIC   AMERICA. 

i^m  CApe  Cbidly  to  Niautilic.  According  to  the  Eskimo  they  ore  nan 
couiinou  than  nimli^  from  >'ug:nm€'nte  &oiitbward  aud  in  th^  iiilerior. 
Tliery  ai)i>ears  to  be  fjiiite  a  marked  diflfen  iice  in  giiceimens  irtmi  Uneco- 
laud  aud  fwm  Aluaka,  aiid  a  comiiaiisou  of  a  larjje  series  uiay  givrstouir 
iaterestiiig  results.  The  Eskiiao  say  they  will  eat  llubhef  and  tnati  if 
tlieir  food  gets  co\'€red  by  snow.  I  have  seen  a  Jsi>eeiuion  that  was  w 
■cov(*r<»d  with  noma  oi\y  sub^staneo  tbat  th<^  feathei^  on  the  breast  ai^tl 
belly  wt*re  matted  together.  1  aia  told  by  Kuguuieutc  E^skinio  iliat  in 
fiuininer  the  males  "  akapok  aiuasnit'*  (talk  a  great  deal).  Frt»m  thin  I 
iiifer  tbat  they  are  i>i-obflbly  lively  eougstcrs  during  the  breediuff  sea«oiL 

16.  JuDco  byemalla,  (L.)  Scl. 
Once  obtained  on  shl[iboanl  off  Belle  lak,  October,  137S* 

17,  ScoIocopliaguH  femigineuja,  (Gm.)  Sw. 

Caught  on  ^hiiiboat'd  duiLng  a  gale  off  the  north  coa^t  of  JTt^wfound- 
land,  October,  187S. 

18«  Cqtvub  oorazp  Liun^. 

'^Tiidldttk/'  Cumberland  Eialdmo.     '^Ktruetook/'  G»ttiliiitdorK;  Ijtit  abwinllMl 
"Tulluak." 

Tli«  raven  is  extraonlinarily  common  on  both  ithores  of  CiunbwJauil 
and  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Penny  Peninsula.  In  winter  they  coti^ 
gregate  about  the  Eskimo  encampments,  where  they  can  almost  always 
get  dead  dog,  if  nothing  more.  All  the  specimens  collected  by  me  io 
Cumberland  are  of  remarkable  size,  much  larger  than  any  I  ever  saw  ou 
the  Greenland  coast.  The  same  was  remarked  by  Governor  Fencker,  of 
Godhavn,  who  said  he  never  could  see  any  reason  why  the  America 
raven  should  be  called  a  variety  of  the  European  till  he  saw  my  sped; 
mens  from  the  western  coast  of  Davis  Straits. 

When  the  raven  gets  closely  pressed  by  hunger,  he  will  attack  abnoet 
anything  but  man.  Young  reindeer  fall  an  easy  prey  to  them.  When 
they  attack  a  young  deer,  there  are  generally  six  or  seven  in  compttiyi 
and  about  one-half  the  niunbcr  act  as  relays,  so  that  the  deer  is  given 
no  rest.  The  eyes  are  the  first  parts  attacketl,  and  are  generally  speed- 
ily plucked  out,  when  the  poor  animal  will  ,thrash  aud  flounder  about 
till  it  kills  itself.  In  the  capture  of  the  young  of  Pa<jomys  fcetidus  they 
evince  a  considerable  degree  of  intelligence.  I  have,  on  different  occa- 
HiouH,  witnessed  them  cairture  a  yoiuig  seal  that  lay  basking  in  the  sun 
X/&  hole.  The  first  manoeuvre  of  the  ravens  was  to  sail  leisurely 
seal,  gradually  lowering  with  each  circle,  till  at  last  one  of  them 


I 


BIRDS. 


iitldcni.v  dropped  directly  into  the  seal's  hide,  thus  cuttiiijo;  off  its  rt*- 

►at  from  tbe  water.     Ith  mat4*  would  tiu-ii  attndc  the  swil,  ami  eu- 

li-avor  to  drag  ur  drive  it  as  lar  away  from  the  hole  us  itoasible.    The 

ktiju^kitig  raveu  sc^'ined  to  Htiike  the  seal  on  the  top  of  the  head  with 

|U  |><)werful  bill,  ami  thus  hreuk  the  teuder  skiill.     lu  two  uistances  I 

lUowed  the  eouibat  to  proceed  until  the  seal  was  kilknl,  and  then  dn>ve 

the  ravens  away.     1  loiuul  no  maiks  on  the  seal,  escei»t  the  blows  on 

ic  houd.  whieh  had  Iraetiued  the  skull  in  t^vo  ]daces. 

Deeember  13, 1877,  I  witnessed  a  ver>'  amusuig  chnse  after  a  lApuii 

IgUtciaiiM.    There  were  two  ravens,  and  they  gave  alternate  chase  to  the 

ihare.    Sometimes  tlK'  I'avexL  would  catch  the  hare  by  the  ears,  ami  hare 

ami  raven  would  ndl  down  the  moiintuin  side  together  thirty  or  forty 

f\x{,  till  the  raveu  lost  his  hold,  and  then  its  compnuton  would  be  on 

hand  and  rt*uew  the  attack.    Tbey  kilU'd  the  hare  in  a  short  time,  and 

immediately  began  devouring  it. 

They  are  extix'mt'ly  destrnctive  to  tbe  eggs  and  yomig  of  all  birds 
tbut  have  an  open  nest,  lliey  breed  so  early  in  the  season  that  the 
young  are  fiilly  tiedged  I>y  the  time  the  eidei-s  begui  laying,  lUjd  the 
entire  niven  family  then  take  uj*  their  abode  on  Uie  duck  Islands,  and 
gorge  themselves  with  eggs  and  young.  Nor  is  it  only  the  eggs  tbey 
(at,  but  their  mischievoiLS  nature  mast  out,  and  I  have  seen  them  drive 
tht  dack  from  lier  nest  and  deliber.itely  bi-eak  the  eggs. 

The  Eskimo  accuse  the  niven  of  wiuiiing  the  deer  of  the  approach  of 

tltf  bnnte.r  by  a  iiertdiar  croak  not  uttered  at  other  times.     This  beliis 

I  to  add  otliiuu  to  their  not  over-enviable  ivputation.    They  are  constant 

[^(teudunts  of  the  Eskimo  while  seal-hunting.    If  the  hunter  x>rocuj'es 

riuore  seal  than  he  can  take  back  with  him,  he  will  cover  them  with  snow 

iml  n»turn  for  them;  but  the  oiieration  has  In-en  watched  by  the  black 

)hhei's  l>om  the  neigbboring  clift's,  and  a  good  number  of  them  ai'e  soon 

aule  ucfjuainted  with  the  discovery,  and  as  soon  as  tbe  Eskimo  is  gone 

be  seal  is  exhumed  and  soon  reduceil  to  the  mere  skeleton.    1  tried  ou 

nei-Al  tMMSisions  to  catch  them  by  bailing  a  hook  with  a  piece  of  meat, 

tu«l  carefully  concealing  tbe  string  iu  the  snow.    Tbey  took  hold  of  the 

It  \ery  cautiously,  and  lilted  it  till  they  saw  the  stiing,  and  then  tlew 

iwra>'  in  gi'eat  hast*?. 

Jiui'ing  tbe  winter,  while  making  skeletons,  I  used  to  thi'ow  the  refuse 

[itside  of  the  obsen'utory ;  and  I  have  rt^peatedly  watched  the  raveni» 

tit  aruund  and  wait  till  I  wont  to  dinner,  about  3.30  p.  m.    It  was  tben, 

tf  wmrse,  quite  dark;  but  as  soon  as  I  left  the  hut  thry  came  and  got 

their  meal,  but  were  extremely  cautious,  often  turning  the  pieces  over 


many  times  before  they  swallowed  tliem,  and  even  tbroTviiig  and  to^ie^init 
thein^  to  lie  mtii^  tlifit  there  "was  no  trap  about  it.  Same  piew'^  tltai 
looked  sn^picioua  they  wonld  tiot  eat,  but  wnlked  arotmd  theni  ittn) 
turned  tliem  over,  but  could  not  be  coiivm*;ed  that  there  was  uot  -stjiuv 
trickery  about  them.  I  have  often  foimd  theoa  hunting  about  the  ob- 
Bervatory  fiftt*r  some  sti*ny  serai)?*,  ♦"^pu  on  my  return  firfim  dinner,  v,\wn 
it  wa^  ^  diirk  that  I  eiiuld  in)t  ^*e  them  but  a  few  feet  a^uy.  Ou  moon 
light  nights  1  liave  kno\ni  them  to  make  \isit»  to  the  nibbii^h  pib*  <(«t- 
aide  our  observat^jry  j  btit  snch,  caaes  are  rare,  and  only  at  the  soasot 
■when  they  cannot  get  any  food  ivithont  the  ^^reatest  diffieiUty.  Jit 
Anurtuactook  Llarlwr  they  began  buildiuj:  as  f^arly  as  MsinMi  tM,  but  I 
saw  HOirie  carrying  pieces  of  skin  aud  hair  from  the  Eskimo  ene-amprnMits 
many  days  earlier  than  thisSj  and  irhen  we  bad  a  temperature  of  -V^ 
Fahr. 

They  nest  only  on  the  south  side  of  the  highest  rind  most  Jnarres8JU!* 
cli^s,  ^o  the  Deat  can  aeldom  be  reached,  I  examined  one  nest  built  ou 
a  little  shelf  of  a  high  cliff.  It  was  composed  almast  entirely  of  pipwa 
of  Eskimo  skin  clothing,  among  ivlueh  i^ere  tscattered  tho  birgcr  wing 
Ixmes  of  gulls,  the  larger  jmmaries  of  several  si>ecies  of  binls^  twigs  of 
saliSj  &c.  The  inside  had  a  goo<l  lining  of  Pon  alpina^  and  a  couMilii- 
able  quantity  of  reindeer,  fox,  and  dog  hair,  the  whole  presenting  avpry 
cozy  appearance  indeed.  As  soon  as  the  seals  begin  to  pup  under  the 
snow  on  the  ice,  they  follow  tho  foxes,  which  find  the  seal  aud  drag  them 
out.  Now  the  ravens  can  fare  well  on  the  leavings.  The  Eskimo  firmly 
believe  that  it  does  not  hurt  the  ravens'  eggs  to  freeze.  They  say  the 
shell  cracks,  but  the  inner  membrane  is  very  thick  and  tough.  I  found 
that  the  Scotch  whalers  are  also  of  this  opinion,  some  positively  assert 
ing  that  they  had  known /rorfw  ravens'  eggs  to  hatch! 

The  young  are  full-fledged  by  the  latter  part  of  May.  During  the 
autumn  months  they  feed  largely  on  the  berries  of  Vacchiium  iili^nmHJH 
and  Empetnnn  nignnn.  I  have  often  observed  them  fishing  at  low  tide 
among  the  stones.  I  killed  a  couple  to  ascertain  the  nature  of  the  food 
they  got.  I  found  it  to  be  Coitus  scorpius  and  Liparis  vi(Jffat'in  f ,  with  a 
few  small  crustaceans. 

They  are  resident  in  Cumberland  the  entire  year,  but  api>ear  more 
numerous  in  winter,  from  their  habit  of  staying  about  the  Eskimo  en- 
campments. 

The  raven  is  considered  as  worse  than  useless  by  the  Eskimo.  They 
make  no  use  of  them  except  to  wipe  the  blood  and  grease  from  their 

luds  and  iiwifc  vritb  xtie  feathers. 


I 


BIRDS. 


81 


19.  Cmpldonaz  flaviTentrls,  lid. 

r^okan  at  aeu  off  Cape  Fiirewell,  GreimLuul,  Sejitember,  187S.  This 
I  tliiuk,  the  flrst  recorded  iu^tance  of  its  oocmTeuee  in  Greenland.     . 

to.  Bxacbyotus  palustiia,  (B«c1iNt.)  Gould 

IplMirf  ntly  rare,  Tuund  breeding  in  the  Kingnito  Fjord  in  the  Penny 
linsiila ;  also  in  the  Greater  Kiiigwah.  Probably  will  be  found  more 
timon  in  the  iiiterioi*  toward  the  Koutlnve.st  in  Hairs  Land,  if  it  \m  the 
■cies  described  to  mo  Ity  E.skiuio  from  there.  They  say  it  nests uuder- 
ith  an  o\erhangiijg  shelf  of  nx-k  on  or  near  the  ground.  Appears  to 
rare  on  the  coast  of  Greeuhiiid.    Is  found  as  far  north  us  70^  X.  lat. 

21.  Nyct^a  scandiaoa,  (L.)  Ni'wt. 

t^OpigJiittk,"  CainWrlaiid  £i«kimo.  "  OpUt "  and  "OpirIc«ook,"  CJreonlniidAm. 
was  very  nnich  surpriseil  not  to  find  this  owl  more  common.  At  the 
kerton  l-slands  and  up  Kingnite  Fjord  were  the  only  localities  where  I 
it  on  the  west  coast.  From  lludsou's  Straits  to  yugumeute,  in  Ilair.s 
Xund,  it  is  more  common,  i>rob:ibly  on  accoinit  of  tlie  greater  abundance 
of  liiires  and  ptarmigans  in  this  region.  It  iux>bably  breeds  on  the 
llunih^  Ishintls  in  Disko  liay,  and  on  the  "  islands*'  (the  nn^ks  projecting 
_tUruugh  the  glaeiei)  in  the  glacier  on  the  mainland,  to  the  ea.stward  of 
ttenbenck,  Ureetdand.  They  are  by  no  means  strictly  nocturnal.  I 
'e  seen  tliem  chnsing  ptarmigan  at  midday  in  October,  when  the  sun 
shining  hriglitly.  I  htive  seen  them  coiu'sing  along  the  shore  at  low 
M]>[)arently  fishitujj  but  whether  they  were  hunting  for  snipe  or  (i«h 
lable  to  say,  as  they  were  so  shy  that  I  could  not  get  within  riHc 
of  them.  The  primaries  are  highly  prized  Ity  the  Eskimo  for  then* 
)W«,  These  birds  migrato  to  the  southward  about  the  same  time  as 
majority  of  the  waterfowl. 

,i33.  TaXoo  oandioaiu,  Gm. 

**  Kirknoveoiiuk,''  Orccnlandcrs. 

Kuing  the  whole  yeui-'s  collecthig  on  Cumberland  Island  I  saw  but 

i^ingle  specimen,  late  in  yovemlK*r,  IsTT.     He  was  beset  by  a  large 

ucourse  of  ravens  that  were  teasing  him,  as  the  jays  do  hawks  and 

at  home.    According  to  the  Cumberland  Kskimo,  they  are  veiy 

!,  and  seldom  seen  except  in  winter.    Many  do  not  know  them  at  all, 

Disko  Inland,  espeeially  in  the  Godhuvu  district,  they  are  eommon 

re!*ideiil.    These  hawks  seem  to  prefer  nesting  in  the  vieinity  of 

ird  rock(s^  where  they  can  procure  plenty  of  bints  with  verj- little 

Btdl,  Xat.  Mas,  No.  15 G 


NATTRAL    HISTORY   OF   ARCTIC    AMl^KICA. 

hwiblc.    lu  winter  they  subsist  wholly  on  ptnriiiigans  uiul  hart^    Gov. 
ernor  Ffiickrr,  ilnriiig  his  loiiy  ivsidoiico  in  Northi-ni  Oni'i»UiiKl.  hunluHl! 
good  opportiLuities  lor  atudyiug  this  bii-d,  and  lie  thinks  then*  in  Uwum' 
81)ecie8  inh;il>iting  th«  countrj,  having  known  of  instancvii  vrh4»re  (lii-^ 
pare-nts  of  a  nest  rein'cscuted  the  two  extremes  of  iduni»;;c*.    Nor  lU 
the  difloreneo  seem  to  be  Hexnal,  seasonal^  or  nltogetherdei)ench'iit  nj* 
age,  but  more  pnjbably  parUkiug  of  that  remarkalih* phenomenon  taoiil 
iar  in  Scops  atfio. 

During  my  frequent  excurnions  about  Di^ko  Inland  I  often  had  aa 
opportunity  of  witnessing  this  hawk  preying  upon  jaegers,  kiiriwakM 
&c.,  but  was  sui-prised  that  they  arc  not  possessed  c^f  swifter  tliglit, 
duck  hawk  would  have  made  a  short  job  of  catching  a  kittiwako  i 
oue  of  these  hawks  followed  till  he  fau'ly  tu'ud  the  bird  out.    Their 
cess  seems  to  depend  more  ui>ou  a  stubljom  pei'severauee  than  nlarrity] 
of  ilight.    The  flesh  of  the  young  birds  is  by  no  means  despicable  fiw!,^ 
and  is  highly  prized  by  the  Danish  colonists. 

23.  Falco  coTfimnnin,  Oui. 
A  regular  bix'eder  iu  Cumberland.    Usually  found  ubout  the  EhIc 

Islands.    Procured  nearly  fiill-fl<Mlged  young  in  August  that  were 
from  the  nest  ou  a  high  clifl*  iu  the  Greater  Iviugv^uh  FjoitL 

24.  Astur  tttrioapiUua,  (Wils.)  Janl. 
A  single  specimen,  at  Xiantilic,  September  19,  1877. 

25.  Hallaetufl  alblcllla,  LiuQ^. 

"Netkoralik/'  GroeiilaiKiere. 

I  saw  this  eagle  at  American  Harbor,  in  Octol>er,  1877,  at  two  <Ul^c^J 
ent  tinies.    In  the  spring  of  1S7.S  I  often  notic^<l  a  pair  tiiat  fliwUj 
built  a  nest  on  a  high  but  not  inaccessible  cliff  iu  Kingwah  FJonL 
could  have  shot  the  binls,  l>ut  waited  until  I  should  be  able  to  pi 
the  eggs,  and  then  get  the  birds.    Unfortunately  the  wind  set  in  fiii 
the  south,  and  I  could  not  get  near  tlie  place  on  account  of  ice  till 
Florence  set  sail  for  the  Greenland  coaat    Enough  was  asoertaint 
however,  to  show  that  tliis  biiil  'does  breed  €in  ihe  wiwtem  shore* 
Davis  Straits,  although  pi'ol>ably  sparingly.    On  the  con»l  of  Orrfi 
land  it  is  by  no  mcan*i  uncommon.     Eggs  were  pntcui-ed  from  CliinsUii*i 
through  the  kindness  of  Governor  E.  Feuckor. 

26.  Lagopus  albua,  (Giuel.)  Aud. 

'•Akngik"  (both  spfcies).  CtiiiitK'rlJiinl  Eskium. 
Verj-  few  ptarmigan  were  found  about  our  winti^r  harlior;  Iml^ 
the  Eskimo  accounts,  they  are  quite  common  iu  the  hu'ger  vulleyft,  wl 


BIRDS. 


» 


lere  is  a  rankiU*  gi'owth  of  willows.  The  stomachs  of  those  I  exninined 
this  Hpecies  ^ontaiunl  willow  biuls  and  small  twigH.  Fi'oin  Xugn- 
tite  southwaril  and  westward  iu  the  iuteiior  they  ai*  abnudiuit 
•c^onling  Ut  the  ICwkiiin)  stories,  l»ut  whi<'h  speeies  is  of  roint**^  iiiiitossi- 
>le  to  WI3'.  They  begiu  to  change  color  as  soon  i\s  tlie  snow  coiumeni'es 
uadt,  iu  hit.  OT'^  N.  about  the  middle  of  May.  This  chaupe  in  plum- 
ige  is  more  tai-dy  iis  one  goes  farther  nortji.  I  was  intbnued  by  intelli- 
gent Greeulanders  that  north  of  I'penjavik,  near  the  glacier,  they  had 
Mind  ptannigan.s  nei*ting,  ami  that  the  male  was  in  peiiei-t  winter  plum- 
ige.  This  was  probably  X.  rupcstriti.  If  this  be  true,  it  is  possible  that 
sections  where  much  snow  remains  during  the  summer  the  change  is 
■ery  late,  or,  perhai)s,  does  not  iiecur  at  all. 

37.  La^pua  nipeetrla,  (Ouiol.)  T.cncli. 

"Akngik,"  C'liiuWrland  Ei^kiimi.  "Akoikaek,"  Green  1a nd era. 
i  I  am  unable  to  throw  any  light  on  the  dHtributiou  of  these  birds  in 
Cumberland,  as  I  was  unable  to  procure  Imt  a  single  sjKicimen  of  this 
species  and  two  of  the  preceding.  The  crop  was  ci-ammod  fidl  of  sphag- 
uum  moss. 

28.  JBgiaUtia  semlpalmata,  (Bp.)  Cab. 

"  Koodlukkiilenk/'  Camborland  Eskimo. 
Arrive<l  at  Annanactook  about  the  middle  of  June.  By  no  mean^ 
rare.  Breeds  on  the  mossy  banks  uf  freshwater  ponds  along  both  the 
Kingwah  Fjonls,  as  well  as  other  localities  iu  Cumberland.  Tt  seems 
remarkable  tlmt  the  Cumberland  Eskimo  should  discriminate  Ix^t^een 
this  aiul  the  following  sj>eeies,  wlien  they  confound  all  the  larger  gulls 
under  one  name^  They  told  me  that  ^K.  hinticuta  was  larger,  flew 
t«r,  and  had  a  stronger  voice  than  semipalmatusH  All  of  which  is 
true.  The  condition  of  the  ice  at  the  time  these  birds  were  nesting 
Icept  me  from  visiting  their  breeding-grounds,  although  but  a  few  miles 
away.    Tliey  niignite  southward  as  soon  as  the  fiesh  water  is  fiozcu. 


^as 
^7i 


29.  JDslaUtla  hlaticola,  (L.) 

"TukagTftJnk/'  GrccuUiudent. 

I  am  not  aware  that  this  species  has  hitherto  been  Introduced  into  the 

TTovth  American  fauna,  though  l«»ng  known  as  a  common  bird  oti  the 

Greeidaud  coast,  where  ^^.  semijMhnaUi  is  i*aif.    li  is  apparently  more 

common  than  the  preceding  iu  Cumberland.    Anives  alwut  the  same 

Ime,  and  br-eeds  in  siinilar  localities.    Very  couuuou  al^out  Disko  Island, 

ireenland,  where  yoUng  bu-ds  were  procured.     Tiiis  bii-d  is  readily 

ilistiuguishable  from  Ji',  scmipahiotu  by  iw  greater  six**  ami  more 


rURAL    niSTORY   OF  AKCTIC    ASfERlCA. 

uxviB^  ii  wbite  patcli  above  and  behind  th*!  eje,fliid 
!?ct  iiU  baud  J  it  will  also  be  found  that  only  Ihu  outer  uiid 
toes  are  uuited  by  :i  wfb. 

epBiiaB  InteipreB,  (L.)  III. 

nmoii  about  Disko  Bayj  Gi-eculaud,  and  nortTiTmrd  to  '!P  X*  lat 

fit.    Bit'tids  on  iliQ  Gret'Ti,  Iliindo,  and  Wliak  TslaudM  iu  Diskd 

*y  newt  among  the  ^fmtu  tn'fiiva^  and  it  is  impoEwibletixtis- 

b  between  the  egga  of  the  two  ^iiecies.    Not  obfterve^l  in  Cura- 

1  SoiUidt  nor  on  tbe  east  coast  of  the  Penny  Peuinsuk ;  Ktill,  tIh* 

B^as  instantly  —■"" — '"ed  by  ■''-"  ^^-ndijerland  Eskimo,  when  llii'.v 

r*  it  ou  the  GreenlnJid  coast,  imd  thej    ad  the  same  name  for  it  as  tbe 

senlanders, 

^urvlroBtxiB  ameriosma,  Gm. 
luter  this  bird  on  my  list  on  Es  .  authority, — i>oor  onthoritj\  il 
le,  but  I  have  in  my  posaessiou  a  wing,  made  by  a  wild  Eskimrs 
in  so  uumistakably  this  bird  that  i  do  not  hesitate  lo  accf-pt  tl^ 
ially  when  he  gave  me  a  perfect  deaeription,  and  that  without  an}' 
apt  on  iny  part  to  draw  him  ont.  He  says  he  saw  them  for  the  first 
...  in  tlte  summer  of  1877,  while  reindeer  hnntiug^  Houth  wf  J.'iVe 
Kennedy. 

32.  Lobipes  hyperboreus,  (L.)  Cuv. 
•'f^liatgak.''  CiimlK'rlaiid  Eskimo. 

Arrives  in  Cumberland  in  June.  Larj^e  flocks  were  reiteatedly  sefo 
goinj^  to  and  eomiuj,^  from  their  bree<ling-ground.s  iu  Kingwah  Fjortl.  Xot 
nearly  so  common  in  Cumberland  as  the  following  si)ecies.  The  remarks 
on  the  habits  of  P.  fuUcarim  as  observed  by  me  will  api>ly  to  tliis  sjm.'- 
cies  only  in  part.  I  liave  seen  them  as  far  south  and  farther  north,  and 
nearly  as  far  from  hind,  as  the  foUowiujir  si>ecies,  but  only  a  few  indi- 
viduals. They  seem  to  prefer  the  shore  more,  are  often  noticed  runniujr 
about  on  the  ice  cakes,  and  when  they  see  anything  in  the  water  tliey 
want  jump  in  after  it.  Breed  ideutifuUy  on  the  islands  in  Disko  Bay 
and  around  Upernavik;  on  these  islands  they  nest  among  Sterna  macrHto, 
on  the  rocks;  iu  Cumberland,  around  fresh-water  jtonds,  on  gl■as^v 
banks.  They  are  apparently  less  gi*egarions  than  P.  /KUcarius,  and 
l)refer  the  smaller  bays  to  the  more  open  and  boisterous  watei's.  I  bave 
often  seen  a  whole  flock  alight  on  the  drift-ice  and  feed  by  jimii)ing  into 
the  water  after  the  food  when  seen;  but  fttUcartus  would  have  lit  in  the 
water  in  the  first  place.  Eggs  were  x>rocured  on  the  Green  Islands  in 
Disko  Bay. 


BIRD: 


85 


Whulc-birtl,"  or  ^'BowIiojmI   Biiil."  of 


33.  PhalaropUB  fulicariua.  (K.)  Itp. 

I^'Sliftltiiik/'    Cuiuberlaud  Eskimo. 
whalc'nicii. 
The«t^  birds  were  met  witk  at  gi'eat  cUstaucus  from  Isuul.    The  liivjt 
en  on  our  outward  passage  was  on  August  1,  1877,  in  Jnt.  41*3  ^n',, 
ag.  68°  W.  ;•  lit'ie  largo  lloc'lvs  were  iiu't  with.   As  we  procvede*!  i»ortU- 
ird,  thoir  numlxTs  increased  till  wo  reatliiHl  Grinm^ll  I?iiy.    Oft*  the 
^mitook  iHliiiidrt^  on  tJio  Labrador  roaist,  two  UundrtHl  iiiili*h  t'ltim  the 
est  Iflud,  1  saw  very  largt  flocks  4lunng  n  strong  gak-.    Hardly  a 
ij  poa^scd  but  some  were  seen,  oitlier  flying  abuut  in  a  rapid  and  vig- 
Mis  manner,  often  rising  to  a  considcnible  height,  and  then  suddenly 
'ting  off  in  tlie  dii-ei'tion  of  a  fiiKiuting  wliale,  or  swiuiining  about 
tU  tbnt  grace  so  eminently  chanicteriHtie  of  the  phaIaroj>e8.    Thf^y 
follow  the  whales,  and,  as  soon  as  a  wbalo  is  seen  to  blow,  imniedtiitoly 
Ht-art  for  him,  as  a  tjuantity  of  marine  animals  ai*c  always  brought  to  the 
tace, 

""ery  few  were  seen  noitb  of  Fwdtisher  Straits,  for  the  weather  by 

time  had  probably  become  too  severe  for  them,  aud  I  think  the 

Mrds  seen  on  the  jiassiige  were  nngiiifiiig  sonlhward.     T  am  more  in- 

I  lied  to  thiidc  80,  as  the  next  year,  in  going  over  nearly  the  same  route 
month  later,  verj'  few  were  seen.    They  arrive  in  Cumberland  with 
e  bi-eakuig-up  of  the  ice,  and  fittm  this  time  till  they  begin  breeding 
are  seldom  seen  on  the  shore,  but  cruise  out  in  the  sound.    Whalemen 
Always  watch  thesi*  binls  while  they  ai-e  wheeling  amund  high  in  the 
,  ftir  in  gn^eeful  and  rapid  circles,  for  they  know  that  as  soon  as  they 

t:ht  a  whale  blowing  they  start  for  hiu*,  and  from  their  elevated  posi- 
n  they  can  of  Ci)nrse  discern  one  at  a  much  greater  distance  than  the 
M  in  the  lHiat.  I  doid>t  if  it  1>e  altogether  the  marine  animals  bn»uglit 
the  surface  by  the  whale  that  they  are  after,  tor  if  the  whale  renmins 
jve  the  sm^faee  any  length  of  time  they  always  settle  on  his  back  and 
tinnt  parasites.  One  s|H*eimen  was  brought  me  by  an  Kskimo  that  he 
^ud  killed  on  the  back  of  an  Orcti  glmVmtor ;  the  (esopluigus  was  fairly 
^Binimed  with  Jjirnotlipoiiitin  cnistmraHS.  still  alive,  although  the  bird 
^Bd  been  kille<l  some  horn's;  they  looked  to  me  like  Caprella  phmaum 
^nl  CtjnmuH  vtiti.  According  to  tlie  Eskimo  who  killed  it,  the  binls  were 
^Peking  sotiiethiug  Irom  the  whale's  back.    1  have  often  seen  them  dart 

down  among  a  schmil  of  JtcJjthinapterom  hitvas  ami  follow  them  as  fari 
^Bould  see.   On  one  occasiou  a  pair  sndtleidy  alighted  astern  of  my  boa 
and  were  not  thi'ee  feet  fr!»m  me  at  tiuies;  they  followetl  dlrcrlly  in  I 
tke  of  the  boat,  ami  seemed  m*  iutent  ou  picking  up  twd  th:it  tl 


1 


86  SATUI?AL    HISTORY   OF  ARCTIC    AMERICA. 

paid  no  attention  whatt'vcr  to  us.    Tlioy  litnl  probably  miiiitulieii  lli« 
boat  lor  a  whale. 

They  ai-e  ^vithout  tlmibt  tlie  moat  gniceful  of  all  birds  on  the  water,  ao 
liglit  and  buoyant  ttiat  tbey  do  uot  seem  to  touch  tlie  Wftl4?r,  Whil« 
swiiumiDfr,  they  aw  coutimially  iioddintc  the  bead  uud  tiuniiii;  turn  in« 
Bidii  to  the  otbi-T.  Tbey  hnw  greatci'  jfoworw  ctf  Ui^lit  th;iii  i_4tln'r  Ayf«r* 
borcHs  or  wilsonij  and  tly  mueU  more  swijtly.  In  Ciimberland,  jw  woll  at 
00  the  Greenland  coawt,  tliey  nest  witU  hijpcrborens. 

Governor  Feucker  tells  me  they  iire  not  found  as  far  north  its  h^prr- 
horensf  probtibly  iViw  brrt-il  above  7o^  X,  lat^  -^Vre  common  on  tho  out 
lying  inlands  between  XiignTuent*?  and  Hiultjon's  ati'ait&.  About  Ihe 
entrance  of  Exeter  Soimd,  on  the  eacit  coast  of  I*enny  Penin.snbi,  are 
some  islands  which  the  Eskimo  call  ''Shatgak  nuna"*" — rhalaniifM 
land' — so  they  are  probably  very  eomnion  there. 

AVhen  tbey  begin  nesting  they  live  more  on  shore,  and  i>robably  gel 
theii*  food  along  the  beachea  at  low  tide.  Thvro  m  great  variation  to 
2)lumnge,  even  among  the  apparently  adidt  binls,  in  spring.  1  tldiikit 
c]uite  pmbabk-  that  tbey  do  not  attain  their  fiUl  phunage  the  tirst  year. 

34.  Tringa  mlDutilla,  V  kill. 

2?otieetl  in  XiiintiliCj  Sei>teml*er,  1S77,  and  in  Disko  Fjord,  GreeiilanA^ 

August,  1S78. 

35.  Tdnga  fuBcicoUis,  Vieill. 

Breeds  iu  Kingwah  and  Kluguite  Fjords,  and  probably  in  other  suit- 
able localities  on  both  shores  of  Cumberland  Sound.  Considerable  num- 
bers were  observed  along  the  beach  near  Nubojaut,  on  the  west  shore, 
in  July ;  tbey  were  in  all  probability  breeding.  We  were  cruising  close 
to  shore,  but  I  could  not  land. 

36.  Tringa  maritima,  Uriiuu. 

"Sigereak/'  CtimlMTland  Eskimo.     " Sarbai^sook,"  Greenlauders. 

The  purple  sandpiper  is  the  first  wader  to  arrive  in  spring  and  the 
last  to  leave  in  autumn.  The  4th  of  June  is  the  earliest  date  I  met  them 
at  Aunanactook;  this  was  during  a  heavy  snow-storm,  and  the  earliest 
date  possible  that  thej'  could  have  found  any  of  the  rocks  bare  at  low  tide. 
The  dock  lit  on  the  top  of  one  of  the  small  islands  in  the  harbor,  and 
sheltered  themselves  from  the  storm  by  creeping  behuul  and  underneath 
ledges  of  rocks  j  they  then  huddled  together  like  a  flock  of  quails  iu 
winter.  I  have  often  noticed  the  same  habit  with  them  in  late  autunui, 
while  they  Mere  waiting  for  low  tide.  They  remained  in  tho  vicinity  of 
Anuauactook  tiU  ^ovem\>et, — ^a%  V^ta  a^s  they  could  find  any  exposed 


I 


BIRDS.  87 

shore  at  low  tiflej  were  very  common  in  all  the  localities  that  I  visited 
on  Cumberland  Island.  Saw  a  good  many  on  the  Greenland  coast.  It 
is  said  that  some  remain  in  the  fjords  of  South  Greenland  all  winter. 

They  seem  completely  devoid  of  fear,  and  can  almost  be  caught  with 
the  hands.  Although  such  lovers  of  the  rocky  sea-shore,  they  nest  on 
the  borders  of  fresh-water  lakes.  Hundreds  were  breeding  a  few  miles 
from  our  winter  harbor,  but  it  was  impossible  to  reach  the  mainland  on 
account  of  the  treacherous  condition  of  the  floating  ice.  The  si>ecimens 
collected  by  me  on  Cumberland  Island  difler  so  much  from  the  Alaskan, 
that  I  conjecture  the  probability  of  a  western  variety  when  a  series  can 
be  brought  together  for  comparison. 

By  the  latter  days  of  June  very  fevr  were  to  be  seen  on  the  sea-shore, 
they  having  gone  inland  to  breed. 

They  appear  very  sociable,  and  when  a  large  flock  is  together  they 
keep  up  a  lively  twitter,  by  no  means  uui>leasant.  As  the  breeding 
season  approaches,  the  males  have  a  xieculiar  cry,  resembling  somewhat 
that  of  Actiturus  hartramius,  but  lower  and  not  so  prolonged,  "^'hen 
this  note  is  uttered  they  assume  a  very  dignified  strut,  and  often  raise 
the  wings  up  over  the  back  and  slowly  foM  them  again,  like  the  upland 
plover.  After  the  breeding  season  commences  very  few  are  seen  on  the 
sea-shore  till  the  young  are  full-grown.  Tliey  are  somewhat  crepuscular 
in  their  habits. 

37.  Trlnga  subarqttata,  (Ooukl)  Temm. 

Not  uncommon  in  North  Greenland.  Eggs  were  procured  at  Chris- 
tianshaab,  Greenland,  through  the  kindness  of  Governor  Edgar  Fencker. 
Xot  observed  on  any  i)art  of  Cumberland  that  I  visited. 

38.  Tringa  oanutUB,  Linnd. 

A  small  flock  lit  on  the  schooner's  deck  in  November  after  the  harbor 
was  frozen  over.  Saw  none  in  the  spring  or  summer.  Seem  to  be  quite 
common  in  North  Greenland,  but  probably  do  not  nest  south  of  lat 
70ON. 

39.  Calidrls  airenaria,  Liuu. 

One  small  flock  in  September,  1877,  at  Niantilic;  no  specimens  were 
procured. 

40.  Limosa  budsonlca,  (7)  (Lath.)  Sw. 

.   Two  godwits  were  seen  near  Cape  Edwards,  on  the  west  coast  of 
Cumberland  Sound,  in  September,  1877,  but  I  could  not,  with  certainty 
ascertain  the  8i)ecies. 


'UBAL   HISTOEY    OF    AnCTIC    AMERICA, 

ileucas,  (Trm-j  Vi*-iJL 
^    f  ::ii  len  CMi  Ar<^ti«  Island^  CumlMivhiutl  Soniul,  iM^irttriDber 

Numenitw  boreallK,  (For^t.)  Lath. 
A  few  flocks  f*4*u  ]m8.<!$iiig  nartliwanl  np  IvfngTTuh  Fynrd  In  .hu. 
>DC  RiMicimcii  pivjcurtnL    ^ot  noticed  iu  aiitiiinii.    Well  known  In  the 
mbortfiiid  Eakinio. 

4 T  (prctliably  fraterculao). 


^iOXt^  C'uiiimou  in  aomG  h>cnlitic5.    Br^tLs  in  Kiiigtrali  and  funpite 

vda  ill  Ctimlwilaud,  iu  Exeter  Bound,  and  Home  Bay  on  Uieweat 

tot"  Uavitt  Strait*,    '"'"■union, e~^ — ^"Uy during  spring, at  Gfhiliavjv. 


.  Cygniw 


vans  occasionally  occur  in  the  S<  n  Cumberland  wateivif  l>tit  dje 

«!S  in  uncertain,  an  I  could  not  ore  a  Apei^imen,    Buid  to  be  of 

r  occurrence  in  the  Lake  Kem         region, 

,  Anscr  alblfronfl,  vht.  j^ambell,  (Hart.)t.<i    .«. 

Not  ol)ser\ed  in  any  iiiinilxTs  about  r  >nDler  Larlior,  but  nndoti'ff- 
o(?L'iir.s  Iu  iibiiiHlMuce  on  the  fves,  rater  hikes.  This  in  jinilm^'ly 
goo^c  tUat  tbc  K«^kitno  take  in  hucI  -eat  numbei<!S  at  Lake  Kcimtvlyt 
nuero  tTii^y  drive  tlu^m  toward^i  tbo  M-n-eoast  wliily  they  are  in  moiJl. 
Are  coninion  ou  the  Greenland  coast  to  72^  N.  lat.,  and  probably  macli 
iartlier.  Lar^'c  flocks  were  met  with  on  the  i)ack-ioe  in  the  middle  of 
Davis  Straits,  July  24,  25,  and  2G.  Eggs  were  i)rocured  in  the  Godbaveii 
district  iu  Greenland.  The  skin  of  the  breast  is  sometimes  used  by  tbe 
Eskimo  for  umler-garuieuts. 

46.  Anser  hyperborens,  Pali. 

Appears  to  be  rare  and  migi'atory  iu  the  Cun)ljerlaud  waters.  Saw  a 
i'vw  speciinons  iu  early  spring  and  late  autunni. 

47.  Branta  hutchlnsil,  8\v. 

A  singh?  specimen  procured  June  10  in  Kiugwah  Fjord.  The  Eskimo 
who  killed  it  said  he  has  seen  many  to  the  southward  of  yugunieute. 
Saw  no  Canada  geese  at  any  time  during  my  stay. 

48.  AnaBboacbaa,  Linn. 

''Kjicrtoolnk,"  Grccnlamlers. 

Kot  observed  iu  Cumberland,  and  unkuo\Mi  to  the  Eskimo.  Xot  rare 
ou  the  Greenland  coast  as  far  north  as  Upernavik.  The  flesh  of  this 
duck  on  the  coast  of  Greenland  is  scarcely  fit  to  eat,  being  almost  as 
rank  as  a  loon*s. 


BIRDS.  89 


49.  Bncepbala T 

Flocks  of  whistlers  were  observed  oi»  three  occasions  m  May;  but  I 
could  not  with  certainty  identify  the  species,  as  none  were  killed.  B, 
islamlica  is  quite  common  in  the  Godhavn  district  on  the  coast  of 
Greenland  J  breeds  near  Christianshaab. 

50.  Hiatzionioos  torqaatus,  (Linu.)  Bp. 

."Tomauiartook,"  Greenlandrrs. 

Three  examples  seen,  and  one  killed  at  Anuanactook.  Not  uncom- 
mon hi  the  Godhavn  district  on  the  Greenland  coast. 

51.  Harelda  glaoialis,  (Liun.)  Lead). 

"Agingak,"  Cumberland  Eskimo.  "Aglek,"  GreeulandorM. 
Amved  at  the  head  of  Cumberland  during  the  latter  days  of  May. 
As  soon  as  there  was  extensive  open  water  they  became  quite  numer- 
ous, and  their  loud  and  incessant  cries  could  be  heard  at  any  hour  out  of 
the  twenty-four.  They  nest  on  the  small  rocky  islands,  especially  about 
the  Greater  Kingwah  Fjord,  but  singly,  and  not  in  colonies.  They  are 
gregarious  when  they  first  anive,  but  soon  pair  and  scatter.  Common  on 
the  whole  Greenland  coast,  and  breed  fai*  to  the  uorth.  These  ducks 
are  the  noisiest  binls  for  their  size  I  have  ever  met.  During  the  breed- 
ing plumage,  scarcely  any  two  males  cau  be  found  that  are  precisely 
alike. 

52.  Polysticta  Btelleri,  (Pall.)  Eyton. 

A  beautiful  adult  male  was  shot  in  Disko  Fjord  in  August,  1878.  The 
specimen  is  now  in  the  collection  of  Governor  Kdgar  Feucker  of  God- 
havn. During  the  time  we  were  blockaded  by  the  ice-jam  at  Aunanac- 
took  Harbor,  in  Cumberland,  I  saw  three  or  four  of  these  eiders.  At 
one  time  a  8ui)erb  specimen  sat  for  hours  on  a  cake  of  ice  but  a  short 
distance  from  the  ship ;  but  I  coidd  not  reach  it  on  account  of  the  break- 
ing ice.  I  watched  him  a  long  time  with  a  good  glass,  and  there  is  no 
question  of  its  iilentity.  lu  late  autumn  I  saw  some  that  I  think  were 
of  this  species. 

53.  BomateriamoUisBlina,  (Liuu.)  Lcaeh. 

"Metuk,"  Cumberlaml  Eskimo.     "Mettck"  ami  "Amaulik,"  Green lauilcvs. 

This  eider  is  one  of  the  commonest  birds  in  Cumberland,  and  the  only 
species  that  congregates  together  in  any  considerable  numbers  to  breed. 
They  are  at  all  times  gi^egarious.  The  old  males  separate  from  the 
females  and  young  as  soon  as  the  breeding  season  is  over,  and  assemble 
by  themselves  in  large  flocks.     They  also  migrate  southward  nuicb 


NATURAL   HISTORY    OF   ARCTIC    AMERICA. 

i!iirUer  tban  the.  females  aiul  youug.  Dimtig  tbc?  autumn  of  1977  ve 
prociirffl  itbaut  seventy  of  tlies^  birds;  but  not  a  e^mj^^le  adolt  male  mwi 
shot  or  t'ven  ween.  They  were  mot  with  in  largi^  flock:^  at  t^n  off  tlu> 
imior  ic^IatidK  on  the  east  coast  of  Hall'?*  Land ;  boro  I  silso  tx'marM 
tliiit  tbey  seemed  to  be  all  males.  As  soou  as  tliere  is  any  open  w^Wr 
tbiw  are  found  in  i^prmg;  gtill  tbey  M'ere  not  common  at  AiuintutctAJc 
till  tin*  lutti^r  days  of  May.  E^kinjos  fhjin  tbe  sontli  rt-poi-tod  tlimi  hii 
the  tloe  etl^^e  near  Niaiitilic  oarly  iu  May,  and  I  sjiw  a  few  on  an  i«:i^lrrj 
near  tbe  Middiiejuacktwack  Ifslands  on  tbe  30tli  of  April.  Tht^run 
Btand  almost  any  temperature  11'  tbey  can  find  open  irater.  I  siw*  nva 
adult  male  in  tbe  tide  rifts  of  tlie  Greater  Kingwiili  in  Jannaiy.  Tii* 
day  I  Haw  bnn  it  was — 50'^  F. ;  but  be  proved  too  lively  forme,  Tlje 
Esliimo  could  have  procured  bim  on  dif!ei*ent  wcaHkuiw;  but  lliey  kail 
Bome  superstitious  notion  rejjarding  so  imut^unl  iiii  oe<^urrenccj  aud 
would  not  kill  it. 

In  Ibe  fall  of  1877  I  often  found  bmciils  still  unable  to  tly*  tln<ii;i;ti 
more  tban  tbree  fonrtbs  grown,  m  late  at*  tbe  middle  of  October.  :^m;ill 
HockH  routinned  Jibout  tbe  open  tide-bolen  till  Xovembyr  17.  Ai  tin* 
■Oftte  T  lulled  ^ix  young  niale.s|  the  temjieratTue  was — 7^  Fidi.  Tlipj 
bud  at  tliiH  time  about  £ity  miles  to  tbe  gx>en  water, 

Tliiir  food  hi  autumn  oonsis^t^  almost  i^ntirely  of  molbt^i^U^.  1  Uiivi- 
taken  shells  from  the  eesophagus  more  than  two  inches  in  len^b;  from 
a  single  bird  I  have  taken  out  forty-three  shells,  vai-jing  from  one- 
sixteenth  to  two  inches  in  length.  TI»e  adult  birds  in  spring  did  not 
seem  to  be  quite  so  particular;  in  them  I  found  almost  all  the  coramou 
forms  of  marine  invertebrates,  and  sometimes  even  a  few  fish  (iijwW*, 
and  the  young  of  Coitus  scorpuis).  * 

I5y  the  tirst  week  of  June  they  were  abundant;  enormous  flocks  would 
congregate  on  an  ice-fleld  and  hold  high  carnival.  I  have  watched  sut'li 
gatherings  with  a  great  deal  of  interest.  When  thus  assembled,  some 
old  veteran  would  make  himself  conspicuous,  and  jabfter  away  at  a  ter- 
rible rate,  often  silencing  the  gi'cater  portion  of  the  rest,  who  appoiin^l 
to  listen  for  a  short  time,  when  the  entire  crowd  wouUl  break  out,  eaiK 
one  apparently  expressing  his  or  her  opinion  on  the  subject.  Thenr 
always  seemed  to  be  the  best  of  good  feeling  in  those  meetings,  ho^^- 
ever,  and  all  points  were  ai>parently  settled  to  every  one's  satisfaction. 
I  have  often  Iain  liehind  a  rock  on  their  breeding-islands  and  watolie*! 
them  for  a  long  time.  On  one  occasion  we  disturbed  a  hirge  colony, an*! 
the  ducks  all  left  the  nests.    1  sent  u»y  Eskimos  away  toanotlier  island, 


I  ivmained  bebiud  to  see  how  tlie  dm-ks  would  iwt  wlieji  they 
iwl.  As  sooa  as  the  boat  wns  gone  they  began  to  retmu  to  their 
'8,  Iwith  inaU's  and  fi.*mah'.s.  It  was  vi'iy  amiisiii;^  ti»  hk'  a  mah*  nlij^ht 
beside  a  nest,  and  witli  a  saiisfitd  air  tiettio  himself  down  on  the  eirgs, 
when  suddenly  a  female  woidd  eome  to  the  Kiime  nest  nnd  infonn  liim 
that  he  had  made  a  mistake^ — it  was  not  his  nest.  lie  started  n]>,  looked 
hlankly  iU'ouncl,  discovered  Jiis  mistake,  and  with  an  awkward  anil  very 
IndicDHiH  l>ow,  acrompanied  ^itli  some  suitiible  expUmation,  I  Hnppose^ 
he  waddled  off  in  search  of  his  own  home,  where  he  found  his  faithful 
mate  installed.  Xow  followed  an  explanation  that  seemed  to  be  hngely 
ctijdVixl  by  all  in  tlie  vicinity.  A  pretty  lively  conversation  was  kept 
np,  [irobably  on  the  purport  of  our  visit,  as  they  seemed  mtich  excited. 
1  could  siJiirc  no  more  time  to  watch  them,  and  crept  out  from  my  hiding- 
place  into  full  \iew  of  all^  aiul  a  look  of  greater  disgust  and  astonish- 
ment than  these  birds  gave  me  is  dillirnlt  to  inmgine;  they  evidently 
rpgardeil  such  umlerband  work  beneath  the  dijrnity  of  a  human  being, 
and  j)roV>ably  nitcd  me  woi*fle  than  a  gidl  or  raven.  Smi  sudden  and 
nnexpectwl  was  my  appearance  that  many  di<l  i»ot  leave  their  ncsts^  but 
biss*'d  an<l  H4piakcd  at  me  like  geesej  these  name  birds  left  their  nests 
before  when  the  Wit  was  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  isliiud. 
The  first  eggs  were  procured  June  -1.    The  islands  on  which  they 

tare  but  small  barren  i-oeks,  of  an  aci-e  or  less  in  extent,  and  often 
a  few  feet  aUivo  high  tide-mark.  There  are  a  few  patches  of  Poa 
arcticn  and  Cochlearia  offichuth's  Mcattored  about,  and  these  contain  tlie 
grcoter  nnml>er  of  nests.  Kach  nest  has  a  little  circle  of  green  sod  ab<mt 
it.  which  is  manured  every  year  and  becomes  quite  luxuriant.  These 
monnds  arc  sometimes  a  foot  high  and  as  mnch  in  diameter,  having  been 
ni»cd  as  a  nest  for  matiy  years  in  successi*)n.  Very  little  i-epairing  is 
necessary  to  iit  tlic  nest  for  the  reception  of  the  eggs, — meiX'ly  a  littlo 
grass  or  moss.  But  little  down  is  used  till  the  full  comjilement  of  eggs 
iJi  laid.  The  nests  are  often  so  close  together  that  it  is  impossible  to 
walk  without  stepping  on  them.  A  nest  seldom  contains  more  than  five 
eggs,  olten  three  or  four,  and  1  never  saw  as  many  as  six  but  twice. 

The  princij)al  breeding-places  in  Cumberlaml  aix*  between  hit.  CG^  and 
07'^  y.  The  lower  of  these  places  is  about  ten  miles  oft*  shore  fix)m 
Mallukeitn ;  the  gi-eatest  number  of  birds  nest  here.  The  seven  islands 
to  Ihe  northward  about  twenty-live  miles  ait^  fiivorife  i-esortsj  al.no  the 
til  ishinds  to  the  SK.  ol'Annatmetook.    There  is  also  a  group  known 


02 


yATTRAL  ITIRTORY   OF   AttCTlC   AMEKtCA* 


to  the  KHkiiiio  as  the  ^^Shutmtk*^  IslaiHls,  ui  the  GriNitrr  KiiigWHb,  wltcTV 
1  round  tlioin  cxtreiiu'ly  abiimlant.  In  the  Mitlliikeitu  Fjoui. uwordiit;: 
to  thti  Ejskimo,  iin  another  vltv  much  fivt|iu'nti'i|  lnveiIing-i»I;M*«*.  Imt  I 
did  not  visit  it. 

ThouKands  of  eggs  could  Im  gathoi-ed  on  these  rockH  during  thv  luttcr 
imrt  of  June  and  the  first  tliree  weeks  of  July.  It  !>reins  to  ine  tliutit 
would  pay  whulcmeu  to  gather  the  down  whieh  can  heit*  he  i*ccurG*liii 
gi'eat  ijuautities.  Tlie  islands  are  so  clone  together  that  they  could  all 
l>e  worked  within  two  days  of  each  other.  There  are  a  great  maiiyim- 
ujaturo  biixls,  both  male  and  female,  that  do  not  bifed ;  they  a**{iemble 
in  large  floekn,  and  nitt  often  met  with  at  considei"ible  distances  fwm 
land.  I  have  fouud  such  flocks  commonly  in  Cumberland,  ou  ib«ire^ 
c«iu.st  of  PaviH  Btmits  and  Baffln^^  Bay,  and  on  the  Greenhmd  (va»t 
abundantly.  Many  hirge  (locks  were  seen  in  the  middle  of  I»avi» 
Straits,  among  the  pack-ice,  iu  the  latter  pait  of  July.  Dmiug  the  iii>i 
days  of  August  I  saw  immeuso  flocks  of  eidera  ou  the  wcsteru  euil  itf 
Disko  Island,  all  males,  il^Hng  southwai*d.  The  8i>eoimens  collected  by 
me  in  Ciuid)erlaud  jtreseut  certain  striking  and  ivninrkable  jMjiiitsof 
dill'ereuce  from  specimens  from  the  *South  Labrador  and  >'ewfomidluii(l 
coasts,  csi>ecially  in  the  form  and  size  of  bill.  I  had  pit^patXHl  a  series  tif 
skulls,  selected  from  over  tAvo  hundred  bii-ds,  that  was  calculated  lo^icw 
the  variati(Hi  among  them;  but,  unfortunately,  they  were  aiimnjr  Ibc 
is]>eciuiens  that  I  had  to  leave  behind,  in  tho  unnecessary  hojito  of  uut 
departure,  of  which  I  was  given  but  a  few  homes'  warning, 

Tliese  ducks  are  of  great  use  to  the  Eskimo;  their  eggs  are  eagerly 
sought  after  and  de^'oured  in  astonishing  (piantities.  The  bli-ds  tbcm- 
selves  constitute  a  good  portion  of  their  fi>od  nr  certain  timcii,  aodtli^ 
skins  nva  used  for  a  i»ortion  of  their  fo(»t.-gear  in  winter,  ajid  sometimes 
for  clothing.  We  fouud  the  flesh  of  the  young  In  autumn  very  acreptaUc 
intteed;  but  the  adults  in  sjiring  weit*  rather  raidc.  Some  speriimrw 
were  pnicured  that  weightMi  over  Ave  imunds.  Tliey  become  exui>ni»l3r 
fat  by  the  end  of  June;  and  when  au  K-Hkimo  can  get  a  namlH?r,lievilI 
eat  little  else  but  the  fat.  1  was  often  saved  much  labor  by  }ia\ing  them 
remove  the  fat  i'lxtm  the  skins,  whieh  they  did  with  their  teeth,  and  mticli 
more  cflectually  than  I  could  ha>  e  done  it  with  a  knife.  These  binis 
suffer  uuich  fmm  the  dejtrcdations  of  gulls  and  riivens.  Lomn  ffUiu<vt 
even  nests  among  the  ducks,  and  the  ravens  live  ofl'  the  egg9  and  dock- 
lings  the  entire  season. 


BIHDS. 


93 


Somateria  spectabUis,  (L.)  Bvio. 
'*K(iigTiIuUk,"  Cranborlaud  Eskiuio.     "Siorakilsook"  nmi  "KiugaUk,"  Orw»n- 
loiidurs. 

10  kirijr  ekk'i>  wwr  noi  noticed  till  tlio  20tli  of  Juiu'.  1  saw  a  few 
tl<»ek.s  at  ilillrrcnt  tiinen  tluriiit;  spriuy;  Init  tlioiv  were  a  liuiulrud 
Hsttima  to  one  spvctaOiHs.  They  rtpiH?or  to  kei'p  by  ihomselves,  ami 
to  mix  witli  MoUMma,  at  loa«r  (luring  tho  linnsliiij,'  fsoai^on.  I  never 
any  ou  the  eitlor  islnmis.  TUo  Eskimo  say  that  sotnv  >  oars  they 
j|n  veiy  [ilenty  ami  others  very  few  are  foiintl,  i  Ine  Eskimo  t«lil  ine 
^K  lie  once  found  them  uestin^  in  givat  numbers  some  distance  n]»  the 
^^rater  Kin^vnh,  but  not  iu  company  with  the  rommon  eider.  Tbey 
^ffive  later  and  leave  earlier  than  muflhitinw.  In  July  1  saw  many  of 
ee  ducks,  males  and  females,  about  America  Harbor,  The  sexuul 
in£  of  those  I  procuixMl  were  uot  developed,  and  tbey  were  all  in  the 
lage  of  the  female.  I  «usiK»<*te<l  them  to  be  such  Iiirds  an  were 
shed  voiy  lute  the  lu'eeediuj;  season.  Saw  a  great  many  in  Ihe  same 
lage  on  the  west  coast  of  tiavis  Strjiits  and  arouud  Disko  Island ; 
iv  of  the  males  seemed  to  bo  n^suuiing  tiio  plumage  of  the  adult. 
pGoveruor  Fenekor  told  me  that  there  were  always  a  gool  number  of  these 
|^d$  around  iu  summer  that  did  not  breed.  ^Many  iloeks  of  male  binls 
^Be  noticed  west  of  Disko,  all  flyiu^  southwanl.  tIO^'e^lor  I'Vucker 
^B  procured  identifle<l  eg:gs  of  this  duck  at  Uiwrnavik  b^  shooting  the 
^Hmt  on  the  nest.  They  are  very  common  around  Disko,  but  breed 
IREnlier  noi*th.  tslnit  ahalf-^jfrown  \oinig  in  Kiiigwah  Kjord  in  Oilttber, 
'l877.  Tlie  buux>  of  tat  at  the  base  of  the  bill  of  the  adiiU  males  is 
I  esteemed  a  great  delicacy  with  the  Eskimo,  and  it  is  very  seldom  they 
Hbig  one  back  that  does  uot  have  this  choice  tit-bit  removed. 

55.  CEdemla ? 


From  llie  Middle  Labnidor  roast  north  to  l;u.  (»T^,  I  saw  at  difftMvnt 
,  times  larjre  scoters,  but  eouhl  not  identify  the  species. 

I  will  here  make  mention  of  a  duck  that  I  saw  on  two  or  three  occasions, 
^heemed  to  have  the  size  iiud  general  make-up  of  a  s<?oter,  but  had 
^Holi  white  on  the  s<.*apidars  and  alHait  tin*  head.  A  duck  was  wiugeiL 
P^one  of  the  ship*s  ollicers;  he  said  it  had  a  \>  liite  ring  around  the  neck 
^afirt  the  re^  of  the  bixly  was  nearly  all  black.  The  bird  that  I  sjiw  was 
lowii  to  me;  it  may  possibly  have  beeu  the  Camptohi'mwi  lahra- 
;««.  I  find  in  my  notes  that  the  first  oni*  I  saAv  was  pi'on<»uneed  a 
Lially  albino  scoi  Hv :  I>ut,  seeing  more  just  Likeit,!  gave  this  theory  up. 


1 


$6.  Mergufl  serrato 

'*rye,"  or  "I^aiJE,"  ("nmlteriaml  E^kitiMt  uuil  Grr*'uli*(idt-n*. 
A  it'gular  bi-eoder  iu  CunibcTland,  but  nut  vc^ry  cojumon.    ^ofiuoii 
tbe  peii>euduuilar  faces  of  Li^rh  cliffs.     Fotind  on  tint  l^iveiilaiwl  oooet 
to  7S^  N.  lat,  at  least*  ftnd  ]>robabl.v  faitlior.    liegins  iK'tJtiiiK  iu  Cuiulja* 
laiifl  about  July  1. 

57.  SuXa  basaana,  Bri&». 

Noticed  at  diflteTent  times  trftin  Beaver  Island,  Nova  Scotia,  to  lat 
65^  N.,  most  numerously  in  tlie  Gulf  of  8t.  Lavn-ence  and  Ib^  South 
Lahmdor  coa^t.    iN'ot  observed  in  Cumberland. 

"iJkaitHftk,"  CumlKU'ljiud  Enkima  and  Oi^fu landers. 
A  re^lar  breeder  in  Cumberland;  tlid  not  a]»peai'  to  be  eonimou^  but 
tbe  Efskimo  say  that  some  yeai-s  they  are  quite  plenty.     Tbe  primaneii 
were  formerly  iu  great  demand  for  tbeir  arrows, 

59.  Buphagita  ■kua,  ( nrfitiin. )  Coups. 

■' St'a-heii'*  of  wlial4>iiii.'u. 

One  specimeu  procured  at  sea,  lat.  41°  ^.,  long.  68°  W.^  Atlantic  Oc-ean. 
Others  wei*e  seen  at  tlie  tinn?.  Appears  to  bt*  of  fre^Tient  occurrence  on 
tbe  GcorgeV,  Kcwfomidlaudt  and  Xova  Scotian  banks  in  trititer.  S«ii 
near  Lady  Franklin  Island,  north  of  ITudrton's  Straits,  in  Sej>tenilMin 
they  then  had  young  ones  on  the  rocks. 

60.  StercorarluB  pomatorhlnus,  (Temm.)  Vicill. 

"Ishuugak,"  Cumberland  Eakimo  and  Grecnlanders. 
These  bii'ds  were  first  observed  at  Bonne  Bay,  Newfoundland,  Au- 
gust 10.  Fi*om  this  point  northward  to  71°  K,  they  were  common  at 
nearly  all  points,  and  from  Belle  Isle  to  Hudson's  Straits  they  were 
abundant.  They  nest  about  Xugumeute  and  Grinnell  Bay,  bat  not  in 
Cumberland  Sound.  On  the  western  shore  of  Davis  Straits  they  are 
common,  and  nest  at  the  mouth  of  ICxeter  Sound  and  at  ShauJneer.  I 
have,  however,  nowhere  found  them  so  very  common  as  on  the  soathem 
.chores  of  Dislao  Island;  at  Laxbught  and  Fortuna  Bay  there  must  have 
been  many  hundred  pairs  nesting.  Their  breeding-place  was  an  inac- 
cessible clift',  about  half  a  mile  from  the  seashore.  The  greater  number 
of  the  bir<ls  nesting  here  were  in  the  plumage  described  in  Dr.  Coues'a 
monograph  of  the  Laridai  as  the  nearly  adult  plumage;  but  there  were 
also  a  good  many  birds  that  were  uiucolored  blackish  brown  all  over, 
but  with  the  long  vertieally  twisted  tail-feathers.  That  these  were  breed- 
ing I  think  there  can  be  no  doubt,  as  I  saw  them  carr>*ing  food  up  to 


BIRDS. 


ledger  oil  tlie  difl*,  for  the  yoiiug  1  8ux»poiie,  TLcy  were  very  shy 
;Diiiko,  and  the  i^rcatest  caution  was  roquirtHl  to  hlmot  thoiii.  I  shot 
le,  even  in  UiW  jthunage,  that  tliil  not  have  sctnic  while  on  at  lea«t  one 
Jhe  tiu*si.  They  live  to  a  gi-eat  exteut  u]X>u  the  hibors  uf  the  kitti- 
;e,  thoiijjjh  they  do  not  hesitate  to  atUick  Larus  leucopfernH  and  even 
\ncHn,  They  aiv  ilestruetive  to  youn^  binls  and  ejrgs.  It  is  a  coninion 
fht  to  iiee  five  or  nix  after  one  gull,  which  is  soon  made  to  disgorge, 
^  and  then  the  jaegers  tight  among  themselves  for  the  morsel,  which  often 
^Blft  lot$t  in  the  m^l^'.  Eggs  weix*  jtroenreil  at  Claunhnvn,  Greenland; 
^w  nc-st  eontaine<l  three  eggs. 

tSterooraxius  paxaaiticuA,  Briiim. 
"t«liniig}ik,"  CiiiiilK-rliiml  lOukimu  ami  Greenlanderfu 
Thn»  species  seems  to  have  the  same  general  distribution  as  the  fore- 
going, but,  so  fai"  as  my  obmnvations  wi*nt,  far  from  ua  eoianion.     EggH 
(re  obfaiued  {wui  the  W'aigat  tstraits.    They  do  not  bree^l  iu  Cumlier- 
id  Sound ;  in  fact,  I  rarely  saw  one  iu  the  Cuml)erland  watejs.    This 
scies  seems  to  depend  on  Risjia  trldaciyla  for  the  greater  part  of  its 
Staroorailiu  buOlQiil,  CDoie)  Couca. 
.  "lalianguk.''  Cumborlfuxl  Kskiiuu  and  OrennlmiderH. 

^BIl  very  few  of  these  binls  visited  the  upi>er  Cumberland  waters  in 
flmie,  and  soon  disappeared.  I  doubt  if  they  breeil  there.  1  saw  but 
VL-ry  few  iu  uU  Uie  localities  I  visited.  Seems  to  be  more  common  ou  the 
^  east  thau  ou  the  west  coast  of  Davis  Straits.  One  ftne  Bi>eclmen  was 
^fcnd  dead  on  the  ice,  with  a  trfOHf/htiron  nail  three  iuehes  in  length  iu 
Toe  o'sophagus.  The  nail  had  probably  fallrn  oul  of  a  whale-boat  that 
l>een  tlragged  over  the  ice,  and  the  biid  hud  mistaken  it  for  a  fish, 
species  has  pn)bably  the  most  northerly  range  of  any  of  the  jaegers. 
U  in  the  Waigat  Straits  and  about  Omenak  ou  the  Gi-eeulaud  coast, 
d  by  the  Eskimo  in  be  the  tiist  lo  return  iu  the  spring.  They  eer- 
ily wi-n*  the  first  to  visit  Annauactook. 

Lama  glauoua,  Itrilnn. 

"X4>wgali/' Ciimlicrlfind  Eakimo.     ••Xagn,*'  Grcenlundurs. 

'his  gtdl  is  thetirst  l>ird  to  arrive  in  spring.     In  Ij^TS  they  made  their 

jupeanince  in  the  Kiugwah  Ijonl  by  the  :it»th  of  April.    It  Mas  still  about 

^Beuty  miles  to  the  tloe  edge  and  ojm'u  water;  still  they  seeme«l  to  fare 

Very  well  on  the  yonug  seals.    Many  are  caught  l»y  them,  and  those  par- 

lly  di'vouivd  l»y  fox<*san*  carrfully  cleaned  of  every  vestige  of  llcsh.  At 

si.'awu,  the  Eskimo  delight  in  capturing  them  iu  various  ways.   One 

he  most  popular  is  to  buihl  a  small  suowhut  ou  the  ice  iu  a  locality 


kill 


Irequenteil  by  the  gitlU.  Some  blublwr  ur  M'ni|^>s  of  nji-nl  are  expoiwd 
to  view  on  tbe  top,  and  seldom  fnils  to  mduco  tbi^  bird  to  ali^lit  on  tljr 
I'tmf  nf  thtt  striicturc.  Tbis  is  so  tliin  tliat  tho  E^^kimo  on  ibi*  tu^ide  vm 
ri'iidily  isee  tbe  biixl  tbroiigb  the  snow,  mul  M-\th  h  <\nU-k  gniU  will  break 
through  tbe  snow  imd  catcb  tbe  bird  by  tb^  It^gn.  f^omo  list*  n  Kpntr, 
thnmtiii^  it  violently  ibrongb  tlie  roof  of  tbe  liut*  Many  aru  killed 
exptiKiTi^  piet'es  of  blubber  among  tJic  bnmniocky  ico and Ijiug cxaumj 
within  iiroi>tT  diistaneu  for  bow  ami  nmnv  iiraetice. 

By  the  middle  of  Jfay  they  bad  become  very  ubniidnnt  Hlnnit  Anuan- 
actooki   etilb  there  was  no  open  water   witbiu   flfty  or  sixty  nuli 
Tbeee  were  all  adultH  in  full  pluiiiiige;  yaw  no  iinui:uurel>irds  till  .fii 
They  settle  on  ice  aionnd  llie  Eskimo  enciuiii»nieut-*,  itnd  even  outii* 
rocks  in  close  tii-oiiinity  to  tbe  hntH.    During  tbiH  .**ea*M>n  they  kve)}  up 
an  almost  constant  sereaming  at  all  lionrs  of  the  day  and  night. 

May  24, 1  noticed  a  couple  of  ]>aii's  buildin^^  I  think  Ibis  is*  tbe  eartlt^ 
diito  they  would  bej^in  nidiiit-alion  ut  ibi.s  latitude.  June  4,  I  saw  a 
few  L»  ijkuwHs  among  a  large  rt<Krk  of  iSow.  riioffiHuimfi  that  weredixing 
for  food  outtiido  tbe  harbor  in  a  nmall  lead  in  the  ia\  As  ftoon  as  tl* 
diirk  eame  to  Ibf  NurlVue,  the  gnll  atliieked  it  till  it  dii*^rged mmterhin^, 
which  wart  imuietUiitely  gobbled  nji  by  the  gu!U  The  gnll  pit-ked  several 
tiniDH  at  what  wa**  disgorged,  which  Iead«  ine  to  tbo  Iwlief  tbat  the  f^xl 
was  small  cntstaceans,  Tliis  piratical  mode  of  li\ing  is  very  character- 
i.stic  of  LaruH  ghiucuK.  At  this  season  of  the  year  there  was  so  little  oi)en 
water  \\v  the  vicinity  that  they  would  have  had  great  difficulty  in  procur- 
ing any  foo<l  therefrom  themselves.  I  have  taken  the  eggs  by  June  8, 
when  there  was  more  than  a  foot  of  newly  fallen  snow  on  the  rocks;  but 
the  greater  number  do  not  nest  within  two  weeks  of  this  time. 

A  gi'eat  many  of  these  birds  nest  in  Cumberland  on  what  the  Eskimo 
call  *'Xawyah  nana  " — land  of  the  Glaucous  Gulls.  This  is  an  enonnoos 
cliff  about  one  and  oue-balf  miles  in  length  and  over  2,000  feet  in  height, 
and  nearly  perpendicular.  This  clitl"  is  about  four  miles  from  the  sea- 
sliore  to  the  l-^NK.  of  America  Harbor.  Many  hundreds  of  nests  are 
scattered  about  on  tlie  little  ]iroJe('ting  sh<*lv<'s  of  rock,  and  tbe  biitls 
sitting  on  them  h>ok  like  little  Inuiches  of  snow  still  unnu'lted  on  theclifl". 
Tlie  ascent  to  this  locality  is  very  laborious;  but  tlie  marvelous  l>eanty 
<tf  the  place  will  well  rcjtay  any  future  exifhuer  to  visit  it,  for  the  plants 
tluit  ijrow  in  stich  ricli  profusion  at  the  base  of  the  cliif,  if  nothing  moi"e. 
|the  most  conunou  gull  in  Cumberlaiul  during  tbe  bree*iing 
did  not  see  any  south  of  liesolution  Island  in  September  and 


BIRDS. 


97 


hi  October,  but  »\ery  few  us  fiir  soutli  as  tlio  KilckertarRook  Islnnda 
on  tbo  Labi*a<lor  coaftt.  They  ai-o  far  loss  couunoii  on  tlie  Groeiilantl 
coast  than  L.  teucopftntSj  while  in  <.Uunberh»n<l  it  is  just  \\w  opijosilf. 
BHkimo  Ihmi  Cn])(>  Mercy  fell  nie  they  lU'e  i'oiuul  nil  winter  off  llio  ctipo 
nnd  about  8hanniecr.  A  single  specimen  staid  in  the  tido-rifts  of  tbo 
Greater  ICJn^'wvih  lUiriiiK  the  winter  of  1877-78.  In  uutttinu  they  remain 
^^the  upper  Cuniberland  waters  as  lontf  as  they  continue  oi)en. 
^^  bavo  exnminefl  somo  nei^ts  that  were  built  orT  the  duck  islands, 
nlways  on  the  hl/jtliest  eminence;  the  structure  wemed  to  have  been 
used  and  added  to  for  many  years  in  succession,  probably  hy  the  name 
pair.  In  shape  tl»ey  were  pyramid-formed  rnonndR,  over  four  feet  at  the 
base  and  about  one  foot  at  the  top,  and  nearly  two  and  a  half  feet  in 
height.  They  wexe  eompo^nxl  of  every  conceivable  object  found  in  tbo 
vicinity,  pniss,  sea-weed,  moss,  liehcuH,  featherK,  bones,  skin,  CKg-shells, 
*Ste.  The  normal  nnmT>er  of  cjrgH  is  three,  but  often  only  two  are  found. 
Have  taken  the  do\my  young  iu  tlio  latter  part  of  June.  I  bad  an  op- 
portunity of  seeing  how  tbe^c  young  Juipefuln  are  iuBtmcted  iu  egg- 
«acking.  Tlie  pan'tit  cairied  a  duek's  egf^  to  the  nest  and  bn>ke  a  hole 
iu  it,  and  the  young  one  just  helped  himself  at  his  leisure.  After  the 
young  are  full-fledged,  these  birds  are  eminently  gregarions,  and  are 
often  seen  feeding  iu  considerable  tiocks.  The  flesh  is  highly  esteemed 
by  the  Ksltimo;  wr  found  the  young  l.»y  no  means  despic;ible  fiMnl. 

The  Eskimo  use  the  skin  with  the  feHthei-s  on  for  a  pait  of  their  wiii- 
ter^s  foot  gear.  They  are  exti*aordinarily  greedy  and  voraciousj  nothiufj 
ill  the  animal  kingdom  seems  to  come  amiss  to  tbem,  I  have  seen  a 
half  dozen  tugging  at  an  Eskimo  dog  skin;  but  this  proved  too  much 
for  tbem.  though  they  ma<le  desi>enito  attempts  to  get  ofl'  some  snuill 
pieces,  which  they  would  have  eaten  had  they  8uc^eede<l.  Eggs* 
young  or  disableil  birds,  0>iih,  and  crustaceans  arc  their  common  fait*. 
They  are  also  very  fond  of  fee<liiTg  upon  seal  carcasses.  The  lust  plum- 
age of  the  young  is  mueh  lighter  than  that  of  a  yearling  bird.  This  is 
just  the  !)t»posite  of  L,  hucftpterusy  they  iH'ing  the  darkest  when  young. 
The  young  of  L.  ghtucus  gets  darker  in  autumn,  but  when  first  fully 
fle<lged  ivsembles  uiore  the  binl  of  two  years,  except  that  tliere  is  iu> 
trace  of  blue  on  the  mantle,  and  they  have  somewhat  darker  primniios. 

Lams  leaoopterus,  Talir-r. 

>'nw  >  «li,"  L'luiiborliiiid  I^skiiuo.     "  NayAiigoak,"  Greonlamlfire, 
'he  Eskimo  do  not  distinguish  between  L,  glavcm,  ieuoopttnuiy  gUm- 
»,  and  argenUthiHt  they  are  nil  **uowyah^;  in  fact,  I  am  Iwl  to 

Bull.  Nat.  ^lus.  Xo.  15 7 


.TtTKAL    niSTORT   OF   ARCTIC    AMERICA. 


OTMfM 


J  f  general  terra  as  they  use  it, — something  like"] 

81  ai"  less  common  iu  Curaljerlaiid  tliaii  f/IntH^HM,    On  \\^' 

irreeiilaiKi  coast  it  is  the  mo^t  eoinmon  ^rullj  t-xc'ept  Ei-^an  tridact^Ui. 
My  opportunities  for  atudying  leucopterus  Mere  not  very  i-jct^nwive,  anil 
iny  conclusions  may  be  too  hasty;  but  stili  it  is  worth  while  forothm 
that  may  get  better  opixirtumtieB,  to  observe  if  the  following  ixiinU 
of  difference  are  conistfint ; 

First.  Leiicopte^'mSj  24  iuche-s  ur  le^s;  ffUiucim^  27  to  32  iaehe«* 

Keeond.  Titrsus  and  toos  of  huc&ptcrujt  in  fuJly  adult  birds  often 

d^  and  not  flesh-colored  aa  in  gktucm. 

Third.  Ring  around  the  eye  in  leucoi)kru^  fli?4sh'C.olor4?d;   lu  jfU 
reddish  purple* 

Fourth.  Young  oi  lage  as  light  as  the  bird  of  tha 

second  year  j  the     si  leaxly  as  dark  as  the  youug  of 

glaucmvmts.    The  uiil  is  aiso  tUinuer  than  in  ghtucuM. 

Governor  Fenclter  says  lie  uus  i  ^  .  tul  biixls  that  answered  nearly 
to  the  description  of  L,  hutcku  on  th  chrome-yellow  bill,  with  vw- 
million  spot,  and  not  flesl  ired.  i  dusky  tipj  these  biitla  mw 
always  found  to  measure  h^s,  lan  the  average  tjlaueu*^  wliith 

is  directly  the  opposite  of  my  exiHaieui.  with  huickbmu  Thene  may  be 
&  gradation  between  the  two  species  aa  far  aa  regards  size ;  but  tlu? 
abo\  e  cited  xmint^  of  difl'eience  have  proved  good  cjo  far  aa  my  obsei- 
vations  have  gone.  They  mix  indiscriminately  with  glaucus  at  all 
times,  but  are  always  readily  distinguishable  by  their  smaller  size. 
Eggs  were  procured  at  Claushavn,  Greenland,  which  are  indistingoisha- 
ble  from  those  of  glaucm  except  iu  size.  A  fine  specimen,  a  fall-fledged 
young,  was  secured  on  the  Huude  Islands,  Disko  Bay,  that  had  f(m 
feetj  the  second  pair  growing  out  of  the  knee-joint  in  front. 

65.  Lams  glaucescena,  Licht. 

**Nowyah,"  Cumberland  Eskimo. 
So  far  as  I  am  aware  this  is  the  first  instance  on  record  of  this  l«rd 
being  taken  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Tliey  are  quite  common  in  the 
upper  Cumberland  waters,  where  they  breed.  Arrive<l  with  the  open- 
ing of  the  water  and  soon  began  nesting.  The  nest  was  placed  on  the 
shelving  rocks  on  high  clifls.  Two  pairs  nested  very  near  oiu"  harbor; 
but  the  ravens  tore  the  nest  down  and  destroyed  the  eggs.  Only  a  sin- 
gle well-identified  egg  was  secured.  This  gull  is  unknovNTi  to  Governor 
Feucker  on  the  Greenland  coast.  They  remained  about  the  harbor 
a  gi'eat  deal,  and  were  often  observed  making  away  with  such  scrape  as 


BIRDS. 


99 


cook  had  Uirowu  oveiboiuxi ;  were  shy  and  lUfficiUt  to  shoot.  Full' 
vrti  yonnjr  of  this  species  were  shot  in  the  fli'st  days  of  Septeiiiber ; 
were  even  darker  than  the  yoiuig  of  L.  argentatm,  the  pruuui" 


tCtfC 


les 


kI  tail  being  very  nmrly  black. 


66.  Larua  marinua,  Liiiu. 

■  "  ?(ftjranUukf*'  Greeulan tiers, 

■  Observed  in  Cuinberhind  only  in  late  autumn  ;  eannot  ascertain  that 
they  breed  there;  qnite  common  on  the Gix-enland coast  form 03°  Xty  70^ 

lat.    Abundant  in  Octol>er  on  the  South  Labrador  coast  and  New- 
foundland.   Uunili'cds  daily  frequent  St.  John's  Harbor,  yewfouudlaud, 

67.  Lotus  argeotatus,  Hriiuu. 

I"NowyuIi,"  CumbcHuiid  Eskimo, 
Jfot  uncommon  iu  Cumberland,  and  breeds  to  lat.  67'^  N.    A  mere 
traggler  on  tbe  Grcenlaud  cov^U    Si)ecimen  shot  June  20  in  Gumber- 
and  contained  ova  as  large  as  buckshot 

68.  Paeopbila  eburoea,  Gin. 

t'Nay;itmrt*uk,"  tJrconhinders.  , 

Very  common  in  Ivingwah  Fjonl  and  vicinity  just  l)efore  it  froze  up, 
r  a  few  days  oiUy.  Xone  seen  in  spring.  Does  not  breed  in  Cumber- 
lid.  By  no  means  common  on  the  Greenland  coast.  The  food  of  those 
exuiiiiiied  consU)te<l  of  small  cnistaceaus.  I  saw  one  tj-ying  to  swallow 
le  7cing  of  a  Ho^n.  tnoUisaima  that  the  cook  had  thrown  overboard,  when 
1  shot  it.  The  wing  was  so  lodged  in  the  cesophagtis  that  it  would  cer- 
tainly have  choked  the  bird  had  it  not  disgorged.  Those  that  visited 
our  neighborhood  seemed  to  have  a  verj''  dccide<l  preference  for  meat, 
once  saw  thre«  or  four  alight  on  a  seal  that  had  just  been  killed,  and 
tempt  to  get  at  the  flesh.  They  are  easily  decoyed  within  shot  by 
!rowing  piecps  of  meat  on  the  ice.  "Were  one  of  the  most  abundant 
id  greedy  birds  around  a  wlxalo  carcass  that  had  been  killed  iii  the 
:inity.  Tlie  si)ecunens  I  procured  that  were  nearly  in  adult  pUmiage 
a  greenish  yellow  bill  at  base  and  bright  yellow  tip,  with  no  dunl'tf 
)ftrkin(fH;  the  younger  birds  only  had  tlie  bill  clouded  with  dusky. 
lere  appears  to  be  a  maiked  ditl'erence  iu  the  size  of  the  sexes,  the 
^malo  being  one  to  two  inches  shorter  than  the  male. 

69.  Rlaaa  tiidaotyla,  Linn. 

P"NowftV!n)"  ( Little  Nnwyah),Cninbcrlaml  Eskimo.    '•Tsttarnt/or"Tatanik,* 
Orccnlaudi'n  and  Eakiroo  al>out  Frobl^ber  Straita. 
The  kittiwake  waa  first  noticed  in  the  Straits  of  Belle  Isle,  on  oar 
passage,  the  IStliof  August,  1877.    From  this  jwint  northward 


_ 


LTUBAL    HISTORY    OV   ARCTIC    AAfERFCA- 

Dy  IS  constantly,  if  we  were  near  laml  or  far  out 

storm  0  ig  or  snow;  no  day — scarcely  aii  liooi' — but  some  of  the 

interesting  birds  wero  oitr  companions;  often  fi  ttnv  itifliviiln&Is  rmiy, 
other  times  lloclcs  of  many  liunili^eOs  or  eveti  pcrUnpn  thotutaBtln  <fii  t 
islands  of  the  north  Labrador  coast.    In  Giiaiberlaiul  diey  are  by  far  I 
most  common  gnU^  and  in  fact  the  ino£>t  abundant  8t>eeio»  in  fall,  but 
far  as  T  could  leam  do  not  bi*eed  there.     From  SoptmilKT  tni  the  i» 
covered  the  water  they  were  extraordinarily  abundant,  congn^gatiiig  ia 
immense  flocks.   When  the  tide  runs  strong  they  follow  the  bttJt^tu 
aany  miles  in  regular  order,  about  iialf  tlieir  nomber  eoiiKtautly  dippii 
into  the  water,  while  t*-"  *^='*  ^'^  '^"  <^u^^.\  .^i  ^^^  f^,^i  -  while  thus  feediojr 
tbey  remind  one  of  a  t  )igeons  feeding  in  a  gmia>fle1iL 

The  food  obtained  at  6m.„  .  Jy  small  crustaceans. 

When  a  good  feeding- place  Is  fbund  le  whole  flock  eettles  tlowu,  9Btl 
so  close  together  that  almost  any  num  v  can  be  shot.  The  jaegers  aw 
always  on  tho  alert  for  such  flocks^  and  when  they  get  near  the  ^uHa, 
they  all  foolishly  take  wing,  when  the  jaeger  singles  out  u  likely  loiikki^ 
subject,  which  is  soon  made  to  disgorge  The  flock  soon  settles  sig^ 
and  the  same  manceuNTe  m  repeated. 

I  did  not  SCO  a  einglo  kittiwake  in  the  upper  Cumberland  wat*n» 
during  spring  or  summer,  where  there  were  thousands  the  prevJaa^ 
antinnn*  A  very  few  uaniaturo  birds  were  noticed  on  an  iceberg,  Jnly 
18,  near  Cape  ^lercy ;  but  these  were  all  I  saw  till  neaHug  thi^  GreenLuni 
coast,  where  they  are  more  common  still  The  flesh  in  hi^^ldy  cstet'oied 
by  the  Danes  resident  on  the  Greenland  coast;  in  fact^  tbey  form  no  in- 
considerable  portion  of  their  meat  supply  during  the  latter  i^art  of  .Inly 
and  Augast  and  September.  We  found  the  flesh  of  the  young  quite  ac- 
ceptable. 

A  few  young  binls  were  observeil  along  tho  east  coast  of  the  P«fl»y 
Peniii&ula  as  far  as  Exeter  Sound,  and  in  the  pack-ice  an  occasional 
specimen  wan  seen;  but  when  uearing  tlio  coast  of  Di^ko  their  numbei'S 
increased  to  thousands.  They  followed  the  schooner  constantly  from 
this  point  till  we  got  to  the  southern  shores  of  Newfoundland,  where  few 
were  seen. 

Among  the  specimens  collected  by  me  were  some  that  bad  searedj" 
any  hallux,  while  in  others  it  was  as  well  developed  as  in  any  gull,  and 
having  a  perfect  nail.    There  is  also  every  gradation  between  the  twa 

I  saw  a  gull  a  little  larger  than  tridactyla^  in  Godhavn  Harbor,  one 
day;  it  had  a  black  head.    The  same  afternoon  Governor  Fenckersav 


niKL»4. 


lul 


II  I'lonl  of  oiiv  «>f'  tlio  KkIuuio  lmti>,  fei'iling  IVoui  ii  pile  of  gai'bage; 

iImi  failed  to  ^'cure  it.    Tlie  bird  looked  to  me  like  hd  ndiilt  L, 

fini,  a  bird  not  liitUerto  takeu  up  nM  belonging  to  the  Grcc*nland 

tXema  aablnU.  (Sub.)  Leach. 
11  tliii  0th  of  October,  1877,  oo  the  passage  fiM)in  the  Kikkerton 
uds  north  ward,  a  pair  of  these  birds  kept  close  to  the  stem  of  the 
>oiier  till'  many  miles.  T  could  easily  have  shot  them,  Imt  it  would 
e  l»ecii  iiui)0«isible  to  pi'ocure  them  had  I  done  so.  Saw  uo  others  at 
time, 

71.  Steroa  maorura,  Nauiu. 

••Emukitiluk,''  Canibcrliiml  Eskimo  nui!  Grp^-nlaodera, 

the  IDth  and  20th  of  June  thei-e  were  thousands  of  these  bmls 

jViiuanactook  Haibor,  but  this  was  also  the  only  time  I  saw  any. 

Eskimo  siiy  they  bree<l  on  the  Seven  Islands  in  Cumberland  some 

itj.    They  were  first  noticed  in  tlie  Gulf  of  Stiint  Lawrence  iu  Au- 

From  this  point  they  seemed  iiant?  or  lu,ss  conmiou  along  the  en- 

iAbrador  coast  au<l  the  ishuids  noi-th  of  Iludson^s  Straits,  but  not  iu 

tberland.    On  the  Greenland  coast  they  ai-e  abundant,  in  suitable 

titiciH,  to  lat.  7;P  X.    In  Di.sko  Bay  they  am  very  common,  and  bi-ee*! 

Ithousauds.    They  bej,'in  migrating  southwai-d  duriug  the  latter  days 

.ugust,  wheu  the  young  lU'e  large  enough  to  take  care  of  themselves. 

to  be  ]i]cuty  at  the  mouth  of  Exeter  Sound,  whei*e  "kapha" 

very  abundant. 

Fulxnarua  glaciaUs,  Li.ioli. 

"Oubiidluk,"  ('imtlH*rlaii<t   Eskiuiu.      "KakonUuk"   (nhite)  nud   "Igaltaook" 
Cdark],  Oroculandcn. 

On  our  outwaid  passage  these  birds  were  first  notice<l  off  Belle  Isle, 

;iLSt^O.    From  this  point  uoiihwanl  their  nnmlXTs  increasetl ;  they 

everywhere  dose  iu  shore  and  far  out  at  sea,  at  all  times  and  in  all 

ithcr.    Nearly  all  tlio  Fidmars  I  saw  in  the  autumn  of  1877  were 

it-coloi-ed ;  saw  none  so  dark  as  I  did  iu  the  spring.    They  wero  veiy 

inioQ  iu  Cumberland  till  the  midtUe  of  October.    Were  especially 

ludjUjt  ofl'  shore,  Cope  Chidly,  llesolntion  Island,  Grinncll  Bay,  and 

kbislier  Straits,  during  (he  latter  i)art  of  August,  September,  and  fore 

ct  October.    These  were  white  with  a  pearly  grey  mantle  and  bright 

low  bilL    I  abu>  procured  a  few  that  wore  ashy ;  these  I  prewiruwl 

yonng  birdsj  but  m  July,  1«S7S,  1  fnund  a  fcM*  of  these  dark-colored 

darken  than  any  I  ever  stiw  in  fall,  breeiling  near  Quickstep  Harbor, 


102 


NATITIAL    HISTOKY    OF    ARCTIC    AMEKICA. 


in  Ciuubcilunil,  on  some  small  rocky  islands.  When  fresh  tlicae 
colored  birds  have  a  bright  olirc-ffrcen  glosit^  especially  apparent  ou 
neck  and  back.  The  bill  is  shorter,  stouter,  and  thicker,  dnsky  broi 
instead  of  yellow.  On  Blue  ^lountaiii,  Ovifak,  Greeiil.Hul,  the.se  hi 
breed  by  myriads  to  the  very  summit  of  the  mouutain,  about  -V^  1*^ 
Here  I  could  see  hut  few  dark  bii'ds;  even  the  fiill-liedped  nestlings  wi 
■white. 

In  Exeter  Sound  and  to  the  uoi-thwanl  i\\on*^  the  w<'st  sh«nv>i  i>l'  D^m 
Straits  aud  BalHu's  Bay,  llu*  (hirk  variety  Meeuis  to  predominate.    Ni 
Cape  Seaile  they  are  extraordinarily  abundant,  breeding  by  Ihousaud 
on  the  Padlie  Island,  aud  tiiey  are  so  tame  about  their  nestiug-pi 
that  they  can  be  killed  with  a.stiek.    The  egrgs,  even  after  being  blownJ 
for  many  months  still  retain  the  musk.\  04h>r  peculiar  to  the  binis.    P*^ 
fectly  tresh  eggs  are  quite  good  eating,  but  if  a  couple  of  days  oW  tlia] 
musky  0(.lor  has  eo  permeated  them,  even  the  albumen,  that  they  atv  »] 
Uttle  too  mueh  for  a  ci\ili2ed  palate. 

So  far  as  my  obser\*ation.s  went,  more  dark  binls  were  seen  in  «i»rii 
than  in  fallf  so  the  dark  ]>1nniage  cannot  be  chaiiictcnstic  of  the  yoouugH 

The  mollimuke  is  one  of  the  greediest  of  biixls.    I  have  seen  thcu] 
feeding  on  the  carcass  of  a  whale,  when  their  looks  and  actions  were 
fectly  those  of  a  vulture, — comph'tely  begrimeil  with  blood  and 
and  so  fidl  that  they  could  not  take  wing.    I  found  great  difficulty  ii 
procuring  white  specimens  that  were  not  more  or  less  daubeil  cfver  nil 
"giury,""  esjieeially  about  the  head  aiid  neck.    These  birds  i)0&sc«b  «i- 
traurdinary  powers  of  llii^Iit,  and  are  marvelously  graceful  oa  the 
rising  with  the  billow  and  again  settling  into  the  trough  of  the  sea 
out  any  apparent  motion  of  the  wings. 

73.  Cymocborea  lenconhoa,  Conca. 
J^otieed'Sparingly  about  Cape  Merey  and  Exeter  Soiuid.    Twogf 

mens  seen  in  Disko  Fjord  in  August,  when  they  were  jtrobably  ncJ5l^i»ffJ 
Far  less  common  on  the  passage  southward  than  the  following. 

74.  Oceanites  oceanica,  Keyn. 
Traced  as  far  north  as  Kesolntion  Island  cm  our  outward  pas^^; 

the  homewani,  Urst  seen  about  one  hundred  miles  south  of  Capt»  Fs 

well. 


75.  Pufflnus  kahU,  (Briwt.)  Boio. 

Common  t\*om  Belle  Isle  to  Gnnuell  Bay* 
id,  ou  the  Grecnlaud  coast. 


Notobservetl  iu  Cmul'ff' 


BIRDS. 


103 


36.  FaflLnuft  majotp  (Brin.)  Fabcr. 

.biindant  fh)ai  BcUe  lale  to  Kcsoliuion  Island, 
iberland. 

Colymbuft  torquatuo,  Linn. 
"Tofullik,''  CumbiTlaud  K^imo  and  Groenlftnders. 

Qiiite  common  in  Cnmberlaud,  wUcto  it  breeds, 
approached  tlie  variot>'  adamsi 

I  78.  Colyxnbua  arotlcnB,  Linn. 

fc*'ColUulilc,"  Cumberland  Edkiino. 


Not  observed  in 


Saw  no  specimens 


ot  coiiiTiioii,  but  breeds  in  Kiiijj:wjili  Fjord.  First  specimen  sbot  Jane 
Saw  a  few  in  autumn  near  Grinnell  Bay.  Not  fonnd  in  North 
nlaud  accordiug  to  Goveruor  Fencker. 


79.  ColymbuB  septeatxionalia,  Liriu. 

"Kuksiik/'  C'limlHTlaiid  EMkiuin.     "Kurk»nuk,'*  Gr(N? aland ttra. 
Very  common  in  all  the  localities  visited  by  me.    Begins  nesting  in 
the  upiM'.r  Cimil»orland  waters  in  tlie  latter  part  of  June.    Tlie  nest  is 
I  placed  on  the  low  jocks  with  veiy  little  (jrra.ss  and  moss  beaeath  the 

»«.  They  are  ver>'  noisy,  esiK^cially  during  the  mating  season.  Do 
leave  as  long  as  there  is  open  water. 

80.  XTtamanla  torda,  Lcncli. 

"  Akpamak,"  GrPculandLTs. 

I  Was  seen  on  many  occasions  and  often  in  close  proximity  to  the  ship 
ma  the  outer  islands  of  the  Middle  Labrador  coast  to  Frobisher  Straits. 
ley  were  often  noticed  considerable  distances  ftom  land.  Are  not 
and  in  Cmnbexlaudj  but  by  no  means  rare  on  the  entire  west  coast  of 
Greenland  to  latitude  CIP  N,  Oft*  the  North  Labnidor  coast  T  noticed 
on  sevend  occasions  a  small  auk  (?)  intermediate  in  size  between  Mer- 
nUe  and  Vria  ffnflU',  with  nuich  the  same  pattern  <»f  t'oloration  as 
former,  but  with  tufts  or  plumes  of  white  feathers  on  the  hend.  I 
some  with  single  young,  and  at  one  time  killed  thnte  at  a  single 
harge  j  but  the  ship  was  under  sneh  headway  that  the  sailor  sta- 
ed  on  the  waist  coidd  not  reach  them  with  his  pole  and  not.  The 
is  entirely  unknown  to  me,  but  I  suspect  it  will  be  found  to  be  one 
he  small  auks  hithei-to  sui)i)osed  to  belong  only  to  the  North  Faci&c. 

8Xi  Prateroula  arctlca,  (L.)  111. 
"Killunguk,"  Grcculundere. 

►bservetl  abundantly  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  thence  north- 
d  to  riudson's  Straits.  Not  known  to  the  Cund)erhiud  E.skimo; 
common  on  the  Greenland  coast  to  7(K>  JT.  at  least.    Breeds  plentv 


rUEAL    HISTORY    OF   AHCTIC    AMERICA- 

I'lilly  on  til  le  and  Green  InlaiHlg  iu  Disko  Bay,  wlicjw  cgft' 

]trocnrctL  'xi  seems  to  Iw  no  Hpprei?iMl>li.'  ililTcrew^c  in  GiUf  of  Sc 
Lawrence  Hpeciinous  and  those  from  JTortb  GrocMilaiid  L*xcti>t  iu  nu^ 

B2.  Mergnluaalla,  L. 

Common  on  the  north  coast  of  Labrador,  oil'  Iletk)lution  IMiuid.  Gm 
nell  Bay,  and  FroliSalier  Straits,  but  did  not  stn?  any  in  ('uujW'riautL 
I  shOTved  apeciraeu.s  to  the  Eskimo,  ami  Uiry  ttilk^d  it  a  > mn*^  "  a)»jia* 

unpiu  ifrra).  So  1  presnint^  the  bird  is  vwy  nii't',  if  Jbiiml  at  iill,  iu 
Cnmberland  vaters.  Still  they  are  abnudaiit  off  Exet<*r  Sound  and 
TO  the  noilhwam  on  '  ~^  '"  ^IUii^m  Hay-  (lovwuor  Flac- 
ker says  they  neat  t  ';  and  ii*;rhaiis  liu*lln*r*  XcM 
*'bimdantly  on  the  Whaie  iislanuo  u*         ko  Bay-     1  ivrornriHl  yoLmt;4»ii' 

solution  Island  iu  the  fore  part  September.  They  weie  vitj- 
comnion  among  the  pack-ice  in  Ds  Straits  during  July,     Oltrii  j* 

considerable  number  would  be  eeen  is^ittiisfj  on  the  ice.  They  stvm 
(levoid  of  fear.  I  have  caught  them  from  the  schooner'H  dt'tk  with  a 
net  on  the  end  of  a  pole  T\'hile  they  w       swimming  alongside. 

S3.  Uria  gryUe,  (L.)  Latt. 

'*  Pfaholjtk,"  CumborUuid  Eakimnv  "  S^Fljuk,'^  or  *'  Sergvak,"  Grc^ulttndim. 
Wn.s  first  observed  off  Resohition  Island  in  the  first  dsiys  of  Sejitrm- 
ber,  1877.  They  were  then  busily  engaged  fishing  and  carrying  the  fish 
up  the  cliffs  to  the  young,  which  were  not  yet  in  the  water.  They  are 
most  expert  divers  and  are  often  seen  fishing  where  tliere  is  a  consider- 
able depth  of  water.  I  once  shot  an  adult  female  that  was  carrying  a 
little  Morrhua  7  inches  in  length  uj)  to  her  young.  This  was  on  the  19th 
of  September,  and  the  young  were  not  more  than  three-fomlhs  grown 
at  this  date.  I  visited  no  locality  either  on  Cumberland  or  on  the  Green- 
land coast  where  this  bird  was  not  abundant.  Some  sections  are  of 
coiu'se  more  suitable  than  others,  and  here  they  are  very  uumeroiis. 
They  began  to  change  into  the  winter  plumage  in  the  latter  part  of  Sep- 
1  ember.  Some  of  the  earlier-hatched  yoiuig  were  nuich  earlier  than 
this,  but  the  adults  were  not  in  i>erfect  winter  dress  till  the  middle  of 
October.  They  remained  about  our  winter  harbor  as  long  as  there  was 
(il>eu  water,  and  even  one  or  two  staid  in  the  Iviugwah  rifts  all  winter. 
Ill  spring  they  returned  as  soon  as  there  was  oi)en  water.  About  the 
Southern  Cumberland  waters  some  remain  all  winter, — the  Eskimo 
say  only  the  young  birds.  At  iVimauactook  Harbor  they  began  nest- 
ing about  Jmie  25.    The  normal  number  of  eggs  is  two ;  very  rarelf 


•e  art*  fuuutl.  Always  neat  in  crevices  nnd  fissures  of  cliffs,  wlioi-e  if 
(ten  v\trvmo\y  iiUMi'iiU  to  get  at  tliinii.  Tliey  are  veiy  tunie  j  bnt  it 
iu»xt  to  an  impossibility  toslioot  oue  on  tbewuter  if  the  binl  is  wntch- 
you,  for  they  dive  *|iiite  as  inuekly  as  a  lottn.  I  bave  wmmi  three 
irvly  black  specimens,  whieli  I  coiisideroil  to  be  L\  carbo.  One  was 
procured  in  Cmnberlaud,  but  was  lost,  m  itb  ninny  others,  alter  we  ariived 
Ml  the  United  States.  1  have  examine*!  npeeiniens  of  carbo  i<ine<»  in  tlie 
SniitbKoniau  eoUection,  and  my  l)ii<I  wa,s  nothing  but  a  melanistic  6i>oei- 
men  of  17.  grille*    I  also  Lave  seen  an  albino  si>e-oiinen. 

R There  weix*a  few  l»ir<l«  in  an  air-bole  in  the  iee  neai'onr  harbor  in  the 
ter  dayis  of  June  that  to  all  ap|»oai*;iuee  resembled  the  autumn  plum- 
age of  the  youngj  but  the  iee  was  too  treacherous  for  me  to  venture  out, 
BO  I  Bent  an  Eskimo.  He  i-etnmed  and  rejM>rle<l  them '^  Kanitiicalo 
iKJchnlak''  (very  near  a  Guillemot),  lint  if  he  meant  that  they  were 
in  iinix'rfeet  plmimpfe  or  another  K|)eeies  clonely  reHembling  (fryUCj  I  could 
^t  make  out.  IK'  could  ni)t  yet  close  enough  to  the  air-hole  to  prf»ciue 
^fe  di>ecimeu  be  kilknl,  and  I  never  aaw  or  heard  anything  more  of  theru. 

Hb  I*omvU  arra,  HmuiU. 

H       "AkjiJi,"  CiiniV'ilMiil  Kskimn  nml  Gi-c«'ijljniiI»Tt*. 

'l  had  hoimd  to  be  able  to  throw  some  light  on  the  subject  oi  the  re- 
lationship of  the  ^lurres,  but  I  find  my  luaterial  cori-esponds  with  my 
opi)oitiiuitie8  for  obsen-atiou — veiy  poor  and  unsatisfactory*.    I  first  met 

ttte  birds  in  iiunilters  otl'  the  eoasl  of  Kesolution  Island,  but  nmny  wei*e 
n  farther  houlli.  About  Grinnell  Bay  and  Frobishcr  Straits  they  are 
ouumon  even  as  fai*  as  the  mouth  of  Cnnd)erland,  but  apparently  quite 
He  iu  the  waters  of  that  sound  The  Eskimo  say  they  formerly  bi-ed 
In  great  mnnbers  on  the  KiUkerton  I.slauds;  but  they  have  now  appa- 
rently abandoned  them.  There  are  large  breedhig  places  alx)nt  Cape 
Mercy  and  AVahiingham,  the  largest  "i-ookery"  l>cing  on  the  Padlie 
Ishuids  in  Exeter  8onud.  On  the  Greenland  coast  they  are  very  abnnd- 
fint,  breeding  by  Ihousfualsin  many  IfKialities.  Observed  ph^itifuUy  in 
f^  pack-ice  in  JtUy.  All  tlie  specimens  collectetl  by  me  wei*e  typiciil 
H*!!.  I  pi*ocui*ed  but  one  single  truile.  The  var.  rhigvUt,  Brilun.,  Gov- 
,^Bor  Eencker  has  not  met  during  eleven  years*  collecting  on  the  Green- 
Bid  coa-st;  and  var.  troile  appeai-s  to  be  far  from  common.  There  is  a 
nnarkable  vmiation  in  the  distribution  of  the  dark  color,  some  iH'ing 
wUite  on  the  throat  quite  to  the  bill,  and  again  1  have  seen  specimens 
HjUivly  black.  The  dark  maikings  on  the  eggs  of  L.  arm  and  troih,  a^ 
veil  aa  A.  torda^  can  readily  be  obliterateil  with  luke-warm  water. 


■ 


The  collectiou  of  fishes  made  by  Mr.  KiiiuUeu  embraces  teu  BjxKues,  aa 
follows : 

II.  Borctt(/a(hiH  ttaitJa, 
2,  OaduH  ogac. 
3.  Gymnelia  v^iridis* 
4«  Lipari^  vulgaris, 
5.  Cgchtptcrufi  lumpns. 
6,  Cottus  nanyitts, 
7.  Cotiu8  9corpiuB  sub-species  gri>nlandku^> 
8.  Cottus  scorpioiiUs* 
Ih  9.  OipuHOrtinthufi  piMfiUitjir. 
^rill.  GasterostvuH  pungitiits  ii\\b-s\}ec\eB  brachypoda* 

With  these  I  have  combined  several  species  collected  by  Lieut.  W.  A. 
ADntxer,  U.  S.  N.,  in  Cumberland  Golf  in  1870,  the  two  following  being 

rLditions  to  Mr.  Kumlien's  list: 
11.  hycodus  mucosus, 
,  12,  Snlveliniis  Karesi. 
HfBe.sides  giving  a  n^port  upon  these  twelve  si)ecies  recently  obtained 
^^  the  United  States  National  3Iuscmn^  I  have  made  a  list  of  the  spe- 
Kiie»  recoitleil  fi-om  Northeastern  Xorth  Americjj,  which  is  by  no  metins 
complete,  but  is  as  nearly  so  aa  the  limitc*]  time  allowed  me  for  search- 
ing would  i>ermit.  Of  course  there  are  many  Greenland  spei'ies  whicli 
wc  may  be  siu'e  are  found  also  on  our  northeastern  coast,  but  we  have 

ftyet  no  jw-sitive  evidence  of  their  occunvnce. 
The  additions  to  our  collections  and  to  our  knowlcilge  of  the  species 
toade  by  Mr.  Kundien  are  by  far  the  most  important  contributions  from 
the  region  in  fjueslion  hitherto  received  by  the  mnsenm^aud  that  excel- 
lent naturalist  dcse^^-es  hearty  aclcnowledgraeufs  for  the  valuable  ma- 
terial which  he  hiw  secured  in  tlie  face  of  great  obstaele>i.  Two  of  tlie 
species  taken  by  hhn  have  not  before  been  rccortled  IVoni  the  uorthcASt 


HAL    HISTORY    OF    ARCTIC    .UfEniCA. 

u«  nud  Ga«femi*ivuis pHitffithtu  fiub-spe<;k'5  hrttihifpvie^, 
ly  af  are  o^stromcly  iitrt"  in  coll<»t'l)oii>*. 

leiitenant  ^MinUer^!*  coUi^ctiou  also,  tliouyh  siuall  in  tbtj  muiilw  of 
ij  is  ritili  ill  iiitercHt,  nud  has  greatly  ^'xtfuUcd  otir  ui"f|iifliiituiice 
some  of  the  rarest  of  timtheni  forma. 

Family,  I^LEUKOXECTJD^. 

troaectefl  FrankllnU  GllRtJiei\ 

Ht^if^Frc     fjniiGt>TU.,  Cat.  Fiab,  Brit.  Miu.,  iv,  ldb"2,  p.  44*i. 
ni^ira  {lih     ihun)  ijhteUttin  Rich.,  F.  B»  A,,  ili^  L^Jfl,  ji.  2S>r. 

ichai-dsoii  reoorda  the  species  fi-om         liurst'a  Inlet  {fi7^  40'  N*,109O 

I  Dr,  GUiitlier  has  Aretie  Aineiic*u      nimiens  from  I>r,  Riwj  atnl  tha 

IfiT  coU^tioiu    Judging  from  the  de:    riptionn  jjriveu  by  l!it'li:inls(ni 

t  GUiither,  Fleuronech'S  FranMinii  i^  Yvry  elosely  relutt'd  hj  V.ijlahcr 

„torei)  Gill. 

SippogloflsuB  vulgaria  rieming, 

Htklthnl  Kt*MLiE?f,  iu  lit.  Fell.  10,  1879. 

Mr*  Kumlieu  wiites  mo,  that ''  iu  FebnmiTT  a  large  halibut  tvjmi  eauglil 
^i  ti  seal  hreathTue:-hole  by  anEskimo,hiit  itwas  somot!»hif;i.'iitm*kufl- 
known  to  them." 

It  may  be  that  this  was  not  Ilippoglo^sm  vulgaris^  but  Platysomatiehthyi 
hipj)ogIoHsoi(lc8  {^HeinhanJiiufi  hqypoghssoides  (Walb.)  Gill). 

Family,  GADID^. 

3.  Boreogadus  saida  (Lopocli.)  Bean. 

dadiia  fahricn  Krcii.,  Faun.  Bor.  Aiuor..  1830).  p.  24'):   GCXTIIER,  Cat.  Fishes 

Brit.  Mils.,  iv,  18C2,  p.  330. 
llorvofjadtiH  polnrh  Gn.L,  Cat.  Fislica  L.  Coast  N.  A.,  1^:73,  p.  IT. 

21740.      (310.)     Aniiaiiactook,  CuiiilK-rlana  Gulf,  A.  L.  Kumlit-n.     J).  14, 1'r',  IH.    A- 
21,  U).     P.  17.     V.*;.     Length  2oO  inlUiiiR'tics. 

The  inequality  of  the  caudal  lobe.s  mentioned  by  Gill*  is  evideut  iu 

this  exam])le;  the  length  of  the  upi>er  lobt*,  uieasured  from  the  origiu  of 

the  middle  caudal  rays,  is  .51   millimeties,  of  the  lower  lobe  -*7.    Tlie 

outline  of  the  lower  lol)e  is  decidedly  convex  l)elow.    The  middle  camUil 

rays,  instead  of  piu'suinjLr  the  horizontal  of  the  median  line  of  the  Ixxly, 

are  slightly  raised,  giving  the  fin  a  peculiar  shape,  which  nmy  iwrhaps 

be  due  to  outside  circumstances,  or  may  be  characteristic  of  the  adult. 

•Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  PUila.  1BS3,  p.  233. 


FISHES.  109 

The  inequality  of  the  lobes  and  the  singular  shape  are  not  present  in  the 
smaller  indiWduals  referred  to  below. 

Mr.  Kumlien  sent  the  following  notes  of  color:  "Brassy  red;  belly 
white;  eye  red.  Fins  dark  puri>le  brown."  A  sketch  of  this  specimen 
by  Mr,  Kumlien  has  the  caudal  lobes  equal. 

21747.  (4c*l.)  Kiugwah  Fjonl,  Cuiuliorlaml  Gulf,  A.  L.  Kumlien.  D.  l;i,  — ,  aO.  A. 
16.21.     V.  6.     Length  180  milliinetri-s. 

"Found  on  a  seal-hole.  Iris  silvery  Avhite.  Fins  dark  puii)le  brown. 
Belly  and  lower  parts  silvery.     Back  brassy  olive  brown." — Kumlien. 

2174?'.  (857.)  Head  of  Cumbcrlauil  Gulf,  A.L.Kumlkn.  D.  13,10,20.  A.  10,21. 
P.  19.    V.  a     length  ICO  loillinietres. 

"  Dark  brassy  i-ed,  becoming  blue-black  on  head.  Silvery  white  on 
belly.  Pectonds  white.  All  the  rest  of  the  fins  dark  puri)le-blue." — 
Kumlien. 

21753.  (300.)  Cumbcrlaml  Gulf,  .Tau.  2,  1878,  A.  L.  Kumlien.     Length  112  niillim. 

"The  principal  food  of  Pagomya  foetidus  at  this  season." — Kumlien. 

I  have  followed  the  lead  of  Malmgreu*  and  Collettt  in  employing  the 
name  Giidus  saida  Lepech.  Professor  CoUett  has  made  a  direct  com- 
parison of  examples  of  this  form  of  cod  from  Archangel,  Greenland, 
Spitzbergen,  and  Xova  Zembla,  and  he  believes  the  ^/flrw  of  Sabine, 
1824,  Fabricil  of  Kichardson,  183C,  and  agilis  of  Reinhardt,  1838,  to  be 
identical  with  G.  saida.  The  only  diflerence  that  he  obsen^ed  is  that 
imlividuals  from  the  White  Sea  have,  as  a  rule,  darker  fins  than  the 
rest,  which  he  justly  attributes  to  a  difference  in  the  surroundings  of 
the  bottom  in  the  different  places.  They  agree  in  squamatiou,  structure 
of  the  teeth,  position  of  the  anus,  and  in  every  i)articular  of  the  structure 
of  the  body  so  completely  that  they  cannot  possibly  be  separated.^ 

4.  PoUacblns  carbonarius  (Linn.)  Bon. 

Mcrlangiis  iarbonariu8  Ricil.,  Last  of  the  Arctic  Voyages,  1855,  p.  375. 

Richardson  records  the  species  from  Da^ns  Strait. 

5.  Oadua  morrhna  Linu. 

Gadus  morrhtta  RiCH.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  18:10,  p.  243. 
Richardson  states  that  Davis  obsen-ed  many  cml  in  the  iwssession  of 
the  Eskimo  who  live  between  Cape  Raleigh  and  Cumberland  Strait. 


•Ofv.  Kgl.  Vet.  Aka«l.  Fdrh.  IfifU,  p.  531. 

tCbrlMtiauia  Vid.  Selsk.  Forli.  No.  14,  1878,  (p.  80). 

tMcn  iuvrigt  stemzne  de  i  Shjo^lbeklieduing,  Tandbygning,  StiUiugen  nf  Anna  og  i 
ethvert  Pankt  af  deres  Legemsbygning  fwia  fuldkommcn  overens,  at  uogcn  AdukiUoUe 
mellem  den  ikke  er  mulig.— Cof/eff,  I.  c. 


UHAL    niSTORr   OF   AKCTIC    AMEKICA. 


i 

0t  I         II..  Fatin.  Bor.  Aicer,,  iii,  1836,  p»  240, 

;iM  or  tJT,,  Vid,  JSolsk.  Xatiflr\'irL  Q'^  Math.  Afh.,  d^^«ll  vli,  1^38. 

^733.    (1417.)     g     GtithhaAb,  GTOenliLud,  August  II,  ISTH.    D.  13,  19, 13.    A^  28; 
V.  6.     Length  of  spcduitin  ;K*0  mi)limGtreB. 

A  black  spot  on  the  secoud  dorsal,  §  as  long  as  the  eye,  between  Uu 
rteentli  and  fitUeuth  raya* 

!1724,     (Uia.)     9     Godthaali,  Greeulflad,  AugtiJ^t  II,  1878.     D.  14,  IB,  SO.    A.  «^ 
"^  6.     Lfmgtli    f  apcuiiueii  S6>9  miUiiuetTca. 

Lateral  lint  ^'^^q-^^  ^^  4«*ai.fmT^H/^ii  Treasuring  122  millimetres  on  tlti; 

t  side,  tlie  riglit  Xa  rst  portion  of  tbe  laterat  line 

ids  at  the  vertical  tlu  e  between  the  first  and  swond 

rsals  \  the  second  portion  b<        t  p  rertieal  let  fall  from  tbe  sislt 

?■  of  tbe  second  dorsal. 

21725.     (1419.)     9     Godtbftal),  Greenland,  August  II,  1978.    D.  14,  17,  H.    A.  W, 

V.  6.    Lrf-ngtli  of  Hiiei^imi^u  300  milUiuftFejij, 
^tcbardsou  records  this  species  at  Cape  Isabella,  Peninsula  of  BoothiiL 

Oadiis  ogae  Bich«,  may  be  only  a  variety  of  0.  morrhua  Lijis-^  of) 
elaimed  by  Br.  Gimther;  but  after  exaniining  many  epecinien.s  of  the 

bittor  fipecies  and  ooniprtrii];^  tborri  ^^itli  ^Ir.  Iv«nilieu's  esamiiles,  I  pn-frr 
to  consider  these  distmct  from  G.  morrhua  and  identical  with  Richfird- 
son's  species.  It  may  be  that  a  larger  series  would  lead  me  to  tbe  same 
conclusion  reached  by  Dr.  Gunther.  I  have  studied  all  tbe  common  cod 
in  the  United  States  National  Museum,  a  very  large  series,  recently  in- 
creased by  the  addition  of  a  monster  weighing  100  pounds,  and  find  that 
Oadus  offac  is  distinguished  from  O.  morrhua  by  several  important  char- 
acters, among  which  are  (1)  a  more  slender  caudal  peduncle ;  (2)  a  longer 
barbel ;  (3)  a  larger  eyej  (4)  a  greater  distance  between  tbe  eyes;  (5)  a 
longer  pectoral ;  and  (C)  the  more  advanced  position  of  the  ventrals. 
These  differences  may  be  seen  in  the  tables  of  measurements,  in  which 
are  given  the  proportions  of  parts  of  the  body  in  hundredths  of  the  total 
length  without  the  caudal. 

The  general  color  of  Mr.  KumUeu's  specimens  is  very  dark  brown,  and 
the  sides  are  marbled  with  white. 


FISHES. 


Ill 


Table  of  MeasitremenU. 
Species,  Gadut  ogac  Kieb. 


^niTent  number  of  specimen . 
Locality 


Extrpme  length  (without  caiiital)  . . . 
[<ength  to  end  of  middle  caudal  raTS 
Body: 

Least  height  of  tail 

aead: 

Greatest  len^h 

Width  of  interorhital  area 

Length  of  snout  - 

Length  of  barlH^l ....... 

Length  of  mazillAry 

Length  of  mandible 

Diameter  of  orbit 

:>orsal  Iflrat) : 

Lenzth  of  longest  ray 

Pectoral: 

.  L*-n^fa 

Tentral: 

ZNstanoe  horn  snont 

Lt-Dgth 

[>orsal 

&nal 

Central 


21.723. 
Greenland. 


21.724. 
Greenland. 


Millinie- 
tres. 


305 
330 


13, 19, 22 
22,21 


irotbn 

of 
lenjrth. ' 


MUlime' 
trc8. 


27i 

9 

9 

6 
12 
15 

6 

1*4 

10 

25 
15 


14, 18. 20 

20,18 

6 


lOOths 

of 
leui^h. 


30 

9 
10 

6* 
13 
154 

6 

10 

17 

25 
15 


21,725. 
Greenland. 


Millime- 
tres. 


27.-» 
300 


14, 17. 18 
19,20 


lOOths 

of 
lunf^h. 


0* 
13 
16 


17* 


Table  of  Measurements — Continued. 
Species,  Oadu$  morrhtta  Linn. 


C^nrrent  nomber  of  ti[tecimen 

Locality \\ 


17.405. 


Lofoten,  Nor- 
way. 


height  of  UU 


Extreme  length  (without  caadal)  .. 
Length  to  end  of  middle  caadal  rays 
Body: 

Least 
Bead 

Greatest  length 

Width  of  intemrbital  area 

Length  of  snout  - 

Length  of  barlM-1 

Length  of  maxillary 

Length  of  mandible 

IJiameter  of  orbit 

Doraal  tarst) : 

Length  of  longest  ray 

Pectoral : 

Length  

Ventral! 

Distance  ttom  snout 

Length 


Milli- 
metres. 


312 
341 


lOOtbs 
of 

length. 


28 
74 


17,406  a. 
Bergen. 


Milli- 
metres. 


13 
15 
5* 


27 
141 


413 
44S 


lOOths 

of 
len;;th. 


15 

134 

26 
14 


17,400  b. 
Bergen. 


Milli- 
metres. 


296 
324 


lOOtbs 

of 
length. 


30 

71 

•sj 

13 
15 
6 

15 

14 

27 
16* 


17,406  0. 
Bergen. 


MiUi- 
mctrea. 


300 
330 


lOOths 

of 
length. 


7 

B 

5 
12 
144 

H 

14 

IM 

27 
14 


I 


I 


NATURAL   HISTOHY   OF  ABCTIC   AMEBICA. 
Family  J  LYCODID^. 

7.  Gymnella  virldia  (Fubr,)  HLdt, 
;I17Sii.  (Tati.J  llyadof  CumLerlaDd  Gulf,  JimolS,  1878,    Lcui^tli  of  lungwGS 

Length  of  aliurtor  59  millim* 

'^Gravel  beacli,  at  low  tide." — Kumlicn. 

ai7-l!>.  Ci)48.)  ITeiiilofCuinl]«Tli«iaGnlf,May30,l6?8.  a,  lOOmiUiiP.  fc,  IKI  mfllini. 
c,  05  mniliu.    rf,  <^0  millitu. 

"Coogjaiiuernalt  of  the  EHkimo." — KnmUen. 

21757.  (fiai.)  HeniL  of  Cnmbovliuid  GtiU^  Ju&6  G,  lef78.  D.  05.  A.  ?7.  I^mgih  ^t 
specimen  104  miHini. 

"Gravel  beacli." — Kitmtten, 

■J175>4.  <EU7.)  He&d  of  Cumlierlaud  Gnl/^  MajT^,  l^S>  D.  V&.  tragi  It  iff  4>laiui*l>< 
147  iuLlIimiatrc8. 

"Tidt^riTts,  among  stones." — Kumlktu    Oolyr-tjketdi  accomimujiTig. 

21750.  (546,)  Head  of  Cmoberlind  Gulf,  Uny  30,  ms.    Ti.  Um.     L*'ngTli  HU  iiiUHu. 
*' Tide-rifts,  among  stones." — luonlten* 

2170L1.  (G450  Head  of  Cumlwrland  Gulf,  May  30, 1378.     D.  IW.     Length  143  huUud. 

"Tide-rifts,  among  stones," — Kumlien, 

ai909.  (86,)  NiftntiJic,  Cnmberl^uilGair,  August,  ltf7S.  W.  A,  SliiitJier,  U.  e.S.  4* 
aiOmilliin.  ?;,  176  minim.;  D.  cii.  9&;  A.  77j  P.  13.  c,  175  Diillim.;  A.  75:  P.  Iff 
fj,  L^inimm,;  A.  76;  T.  13. 

"Foniul  between  h\^\\  and  low  water  mark." — Mintzer, 

This  species  is  recorded  from  Prince  Regeut'.s  Inlet  (Rich.,  F.  B.  A., 
iij,  1S3G,  1).  271;  stomach  of  kittiwake  giill)j  Northumberland  Sonud, 
l(j'^  53'  N.  (Rich.,  Last  Arc.  Voy.,  1855,  p.  307,  i^l.  xxix,  and  as  var. 
unimaculatusj  p.  371,  pi.  xxx);  lat  81°  52'  N.  (Giinth.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1877,  p. 
203),  and  Franklin  Pierce  Bay  (Giinth.,  op.  cit.,  p.  47G). 

Kroyer  has  found  in  the  stomachs  of  specimens  examined  by  him, 
"crabs  ....  once  Gammarm  locusta  Linn.;  another  time  Ento- 
mostraca.^  •  Prof.  Robert  Collett  found  in  the  mouth  of  a  specimen 
secured  in  the  summer  of  1878  by  the  Scandinavian  Expeditions,  an 
example  of  Modiolarixi  laevigata  Gray.t 

8.  Lycodes  mucosus  Kieb.  * 

Lifcodes  mucosiin  Rich.,  Last  of  Arctic  Voyages,  1855,  p.  326,  pi.  xxvi. 

10930.     Cumberlaua  Gulf,  W.  A.  Miiitzcr,  U.  S.  N. 

A  single  individual  of  this  species,  originally  described  from  North- 
umberland Sound,  was  found  by  Lieutenant  Mintzer,  and  presented  by 
him  to  the  United  States  National  Museum.  From  the  api)earance  of 
the  specimen  it  must  have  been  picked  up  dead ;  but  it  is  in  a  good  state 

*  NnturUistovisk  Titlaskrift,  3  E.,  I.  B.  (author's  extra),  p.  34. 


FISHES, 


113 


of  preservation.  Ah  there  Ih  little  on  reconl  concerning  the  species,  nnd 
the  example  uii<lcr  coiisidorntion  is  much  hirger  thnn  the  t.xTJCR,  an<l, 
lile  it  agiees  iu  all  iiui)ortant  iiai'liculai's  with  Kichanltson's  ilescrip- 
atid  figure  of  X.  mtmcotfus^  still  shows  some  (litl*erenccs  in  the  mcas- 
lenis^  I  have  drawn  np  »  ileKcription  and  x>repared  an  accompanyintC 
»le  i^f  raea«nrcments.  It  Arill  be  ob8er\*ed  that  in  Lieutenant  Mintzer's 
■imen  the  head  i«  longer  and  wider  and  the  hei;:ht  and  width  of 
ly  slightly  leas  than  iu  the  types,  which  variations  may  bo  accounte<l 
Tor  by  the  ilifference  hi  size. 

Like  all  the  other  described  species  of  Lycotlejt^  except  L.  paxilhiH 
Goode  &  Beau,  of  which  I  have  kuowledpe,  the  width  of  the  body  at  the 
ivent  is  ver>-  much  less  than  just  behin<l  the  pectorals,  and  the  height 

tthe  body  at  the  same  poiut  is  also  considerably  less  than  it  is  in  the 
lerior  part  of  the  bmly;  in  other  words,  the  body  tai)eT8  decidedly, 
d  the  tail  Is  much  com[)resHed. 

kDescrijttion, — The  length  of  the  example  is  430  miUimetres  (17  English 
bhe*i).    Scales  are  entirely  wanting. 

Tlie  greatest  height  of  the  body  (at  the  i)ectorals)  is  contained  S  times 
and  its  greatest  width  (just  behind  the  pectorals)  9  times  iu  the  total 

(igth.  The  width  at  the  vent  is  contained  8  times  iu  the  length  uf  the 
ad,  aud  tvice  in  the  length  of  the  longest  dorsal  my.  The  height  at 
B  ventraU  aliout  equals  tlie  height  of  the  botly  at  tlie  pectorals.  The 
ight  of  the  body  at  the  vent  equals  half  the  greatest  width  of  the  head, 
is  contained  11.J  timcii  iu  the  total  length. 

le  bead  is  very  large,  its  length  being  ^  of  the  total,  and  its 
itest  width  coutaiued  5jJ  times  in  the  whole  leugth.    The  distance  from 
1i]>  of  the  snout  to  the  nape  is  |  of  total  length,  and  |  of  the  length 
the  mandible.    The  distance  between  the  eyes  is  contaiued  G  times 
|;the  length  of  the  head.    The  length  of  the  snout  is  J  of  the  length 
[the  head.    Tlio  uostrrls  nxa  much  farther  from  the  eyes  than  from  each 
ler,  their  distance  from  the  eyes  being  coDtaiuetl  4^  times  in  the  length 
the  head.    The  length  of  the  npjier  jaw  is  coutaiued  OJ  times  iii  the 
length;  of  the  lower  jaw,  Cjj  limes;  tho  upper  jaw  slightly  exceed- 
ing the  uuindible  in  length-    The  eyes  are  very  small,  close  together, 
d  high,  their  long  diameter  being  equal  to  iV  of  the  length  of  the 
d. 

to  distince  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  beginning  of  the  dorsal 

contaiuetl  3J  times  in  the  totiU  length.    The  first  my  of  the  dorsal 

mntniued  5^  times  in  tlie  length  of  the  head, and  the  longest,  i  times. 

[The  distance  of  the  anal  from  the  snout  is  ijf  of  the  total  length  aud 

Bull.  Xat  AIus.  No.  15 8 


p4 


XATtrRAL   HISTOET   OF  AftCTlC   AMERICA. 


iilnirMt  c^iuuIa  twice  the  distance  of  tli«  p*?ctoniI  from  the  Ruoot.  Tbe 
iirKt  ftuul  ray  U  contaioed  l>i  time-*  in  tlie  lengtli  of  the  bea*!,  tbt-  Luu^ 
4^  tiiiH'.H.    The  vent  m  nearly  in  tlic:  middle  of  tlie  total  It^u^jtb- 

TIic  ilintatu^  frum  tbe  ti[^  of  tbe  gnoat  to  the  ba^  of  the  [»ectonl  is 
iTimUiitu^X  3J  times,  uod  tUt*  length  of  the  i>ecto[^  ^  times  in  t<ftiiJ 
U'Djrlli-  The  length  of  the  pwjtoral  e^juals  that  of  the  inaadihle,  and 
ouly  hli(,'litly  exc4?*<U  one-half  of  the  kiittU  of  the  hea^l. 

The  flwt4incft  of  the  vontral  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  eqtmU  ihe  leii^li 
'  of  the  head*    The  length  of  the  \'entml  equalis  the  long  diameter  ofibi: 
eye. 

Racial  formula. — D.  (including  half  of  caudal)  90  ^  A.  (iuctudiof  iiaif 
ofcinwhil)71;  P.  18;  T,  3. 

CoUira* — Tliit.se  agree^  lu  the  main,  so  closely  with  Hiehard^a's  de- 
flCriiUiou  of  them,  tliat  it  is  nniiecetij)ai7  to  say  more  than  that  the  cios- 
maj'kiugH  are  fuiut  and  narrow. 

Tlic  gapt)  of  the  mouth  h*  very  wide.  The  character  and  arraii^etucnt 
of  th*j  teeth  agree  perfectly  with  the  original  de^icrit^tiou. 


Luuia^... *^ 

II1.UCIO, 
CtDstwrljuidOttlf 

trefu 

IWtiia  of 

430 

Uirat'-nl  hi^itflit  (at  pfclj^nilft'l , , 

!i' 

H 
U 

« 

'It 

9 

*irrjth'Nl  wUilli  flM'hliHl  iHjyl^mJa}..,,.-'- ...-_ 

1 

Wl'llh  wl.  vifDl.  ... >.,     .. 

TubrHl  « 

Iti'liflil  III  itTilrula             ..                                  .... 

x«.j.j^ 

Illlullt       Ht         Vl'[lC.41>..9     ..-«<.    ..F -.,...*           ...I...., 

<.ii'«'>ntn<il.  k-nbtth ^.. .-.,.. 

H 

& 

OrniiFi'Ml^  wliltl:i   .-. , ..^.  ...... ...^.^..y,..^,,,..,    .,.*...   . 

H 

'  *  • ' 

Trbad  « 

SlISL^ii 

-iHi^ni  wf  U|i|urjiiiV  .» »..^   .            .   . 

IS 

31 

; 

L<-UK>li  "f"  "i"tmliV«l<^... ,.„„.       .   .   .  . 

n 

IJimdiiii'i'  fiiuJi  <*n*n\t  to  orltit  ..^...^.-....i..*,. ,.„„., 

■ 

iHi 

L.'iiiia  <liHini'i"t  ol  I'vo. ,,..,,,,., ..,,.,.,,...,...... 

■ 

IsbHMllOf 

Il0rA.il  : 

1 

Lii'iii:lli  Iff  lirnl  niv . ... ..^.^ 

5 
7 

.?* 

IS 

^4 

»• 

' 

u 

lA 

l^'tiLCtli  *\\  llmi  ruV-..„..-. „ 

0 

IhI'Ii^iIi  II r  liHiiji^l  rftVr.. .,,.,.. ....«...._. 

U 

iiV 

I'oudirnh 

liiMirfnivr*  rrfiiii  Knout .„ 

)i 

l^"U«Ui, 

Lrtiittli... 

.,,„-.... 

M 

^ - • 

M .. 

71 

■ELmX 

„.,..-^«* 

mSS 

_„^, ...»»•• 

w- • 

aroto. 

,^,....»-*>r 

FWTIEB.  ^  115 

od«8  polaiift  (Sfiliino)  Rivli. 
JUenitiuD  jmiaria  SaBINK,  App.  rurr>''«  First  Voy.,  p.  ccxii, 
Lycodr*  polarin  Kicn.,  Liist  Aro.  Voy.,  l!?5G,  p.  302. 

3cril^*l  from  XortU  Geoijrift,  lat.  TS^  N.,  long.  110°  W.    Roconledj 
J  from  tLo  weiit  sule  of  tLo  Pimiusulft  of  Boothia  by  Cnpt.  J.  C.  Ros8. 

Vrouecteft  Panryi  (Roaa)  GUnthcr. 
Opkulium  Parrii  Ross,  in  Parrj'h  Thinl  Voy.,  App.,  p.  100;  Poliu*  Voyage,  p. 
199.— Rich.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  Ir'lW,  p.  274. 

iscoverod  in  UaltiD*^  Bay  ami  l*Hne<}  Regent's  Inlet.    Observed  near 
HaiboT,  (*jecte<l  by  a  glauroii.s  gull. — /?i>A,,  /.  c. 

Family,  STICn^ID^. 

Ceutroblenniua  nubllus  (Rii-h.)  Oill. 

LumfKHu*  HHbilHit  Rich.,  La«t  Arc.  Voy.,  18^,  p.  339,  pi.  xxriii. 
bis  8pecies  was  described  from  Kortlmmberland  Sound^  lat-  70'^  53'  K, 

FamUy,  ZIPUIDIOXTU)^. 

IffuraeDoldefl  fasolatus  (Sehii.)  Gill. 
iiHnnrUii3  faBcUitua  lUcH.,  Last  Arc.  Voy.,  1865,  p.  357,  pL  xxrii. 

chnrdaon  records  tbe  si>eciea  from  Xortbuinberlaud  Sound. 

Family,  CYCLOFTEKIDJS, 

Bomtcrotremas  Bpinosoa  (Fabr.)  Gill. 

Cj/chptrrtifi  */W»<wh«  (it'XTl!.,  P.^  Z.  S.,  11*77,  pp.  29:t,  476. 

iintber  has  examined  specimeus  from  Franklin  Pierce  Bay. 

Cycloptems  lumpos  Lino. 

r26.  (14U.)  GodiUftftb,  Di^ko  lulutul,  Grefiilnml. 

r.  Knjnben  brought  doT^n  a  (single  s|HM.'imen  430  nulUmctrcs  in  length, 
fnrni.Hhed  tbe  following  notes  of  color:  **  Varying  shades  of  dusky 
e  gTftcn.     Dorsal  light.    Belly  nearly  white.    Iris  amber." 

Family,  UPARIBrD^. 

Zilpails  Tulgaiii  Flcniiug. 

lipariH  liuMta  (Lek)  KkOyek,  Nnt.  Tidsakrift,  U,  3,  p.  384;  Hi,  1,  p.S44;  Voy. 
en  ScAiid.,  ilc,  pi.  xlii,  fig. 3. 

Lqmri¥  hiimtu»  Collett,  Ciiri»tfiftnin  Vid.  S^Uk.  Forli.  1979,  No.  14,  (p.  32). 
res.  (657.)    AiHmn!»fto«.k,  Cnniborlnnd  Gulf.     P.  43.     A.  IT.  1^1.     P.  35.     C.  11. 
aken  In  *^7  fathoms.    !Nee-fitz-shalc  of  the  Eskimo.^* — Kumlicn* 

rtia.  (&oO.)    TIeud  of  Cnni1>cr1uiid  Gulf,  June  2^,  l^a     (a)  D.  19,  33;  A.  34. 

>.  19,31;  A.'S5. 

Tn**U'\\ti\  to  ki'Ip  in  7  faihomfi." — KumticH. 

7C4.  (HtlO.)    Annimnct»»ok,  CiimlKTlnnd  Gulf,  June  2D,  1B78. 

Fa«l«ued  to  kelp.'' — Kumfien, 


I 


rPEAL   HISTORY   OF  ARCTIC   AiTEBICA* 


217r*n.  tlofCuiuTieilaudOuif,  Jttue-AIt*7e.    D.4L    A.SI.    P.M.  CW. 

*  Qed  to  ..elp  in  5  fiithoiu^/' — KumJietu 

'^I7r.aL  ^^730    /""niijvptook,  CuirtlnTlaml  Gulf. 

d(       ftill}*  to  L.  vulifarls,    Tlie  si>ocimen  is  yonug  niul  In 
itioHi    It  nM.s  taken  in  0  futhoinii** 
Hu'liartl.snn  (F.  15.  A.,  iii^  1830,  p.  :;«KJ)  mentions  this  j-apiK-lfS  fhrrii 
west  side  of  Davis  Stniit  in  l:it.  71)'^,  iiiid  from  Kvgt-nrM  InK'l. 

r  CoUett  fontiil  tliu  nliuientaiy  tftiial  of  one  of  hiii  RiJCciineM 
Ml  wiiu  small  ampbipods*  one  of  tliem  being  VfijtrMt  nqti^HtriomiiU 
Lr.j  togetber  witb  many  iudividusils  of  Prfdmnedei^i  fn^ciata  Kr.* 

6.  Lfpnria  Fabiicil  Kr5; 

Or.  Gllntber  bajs  exs         i 
inklin  Pierce  Bay. 

Family,  T^M. 


4 


olletited  in  Discorery  Bay  and 


17*  A»pldophioroldea  monopt^rygi  li 

jMititinpfioritiifes  mounptc 

A  yming  indlvldiinl  wa>  i  u\ 

Family,  COTTID-S; 


oniB, lat.  C50  2;.,  long. 53'^  W^ 


18.  CottxiB  BCorpiuB  Linn, 
•219Kt.     (lol.)  9  Niantilic  Harbor.  Cumberland  Giilf,  A.  L.  Kumlien. 
iil74*2.     (180.)   ^  Xiantilic  Harbor.  CumlK-rlaml  Gulf,  A.  L.  Kumlien. 

Mr.  Kuuilicu  collected  tliis  individual  on  the  25tb  of  September,  1S77, 
at  Mbicb  time  its  colors  must  have  been  exceedingly  brilliant,  judging 
from  tbc  traces  which  still  remain.  He  states  in  his  notes,  that  it  hvcs 
**  among  the  rocks  at  the  bottom,  feeding  largely  on  Crustacea  and  md- 
lusks."  Cottiis  scorpiiifi^  and  the  subspecies  (/rdnlandicus,  but  especially 
the  latter,  farmed  an  inipoitant  part  of  the  food  supply  of  the  expedi- 
tion. 

These  specimens  of  Coitus  scor2)itfs  are  clearly  identical  with  Scamli- 
na^-iau  exami)les  of  the  same  species,  us  may  be  seen  from  the  tables  of 
mcasiiroments  which  follow.  In  all  the  tables  it  must  be  remembeml 
that  the  luiit  of  length  is  the  total  length  without  caudal.  So  far  as  I 
know,  the  true  Cottitu  scorptutf  has  not  previously  been  found  on  the 
east  coast  of  America.  A  young  individual,  catalogue-number  10374, 
collected  at  Eastport,  Me.,  by  the  United  States  Fish  Commission,  may 
be  compared  with  one  a  trifle  larger,  catalogue-number  22060,  which 


CoUett,  1.  c. 


FISHES. 


117 


was  presented  to  tUe  United  States  National  Museum  by  Pix)f.  Robert 
Collett  The  agreement  between  these  two  in  all  essential  ijarticulars 
is  very  striking.  We  may  safely  record  this  species,  then,  at  least  as 
for  south  as  Eastport.  The  true  Coitus  scorpius  may  be  distinguished 
from  the  sub-species  which  follows  by  its  naiTower  interorbital  distance, 
and  the  lesser  length  of  the  dorsal  spines,  particularly  the  anterior  ones. 

Table  of  Measurements. 
Spcclca,  Coitnt  ncorpiua  Lluu. 


Current  namber  of  specimen 
Locality 


21,742  a,  d.  21,989,  ?. 

Cumberland  Gulf.       Cumbcrlnnd 
i  Gulf. 


10,374,  Jut. 
Eastport,  Ue. 


Millime- 
tres. 


i  lOOthB 

of 
'  length. 


MiUl- 
metres. 


lOOtha 

of 
length. 


^illi- 


I  lOOths 
I      of 
'  I  length. 


Extreme  length 

Length  to  ongin  of  middle  caudal  rays 

Body: 

Greatest  height 

Greatest  width  (at  pectoral  base) 

Height  at  Tcntrala 

Least  height  of  toil 

H«ad: 

Greatest  length 

Distance  from  snout  to  nape 

Great«st  width  at  base  of  pneop.  spines- 

Width  of  interorbital  area 

Length  of  snout 


Length  of  upper  law. 
'ible  . 


Length  of  mandil 

Distance  ftom  snout  to  orbit 

Diameter  of  orbit 

Dorsal  (spinous) : 

Distance  from  snout 

length  of  base 

Length  from  end  of  dorsal  to  origin  of  mid- 
dle caudal  rays 

Length  of  first  sninr* 

Length  of  second  splno 

Length  of  third  spiiio 

Length  of  fuurth  Hjtine 

Length  of  fifth  spine 

L<aigth  of  sixth  spine 

Length  of  serentD  spino 

Length  of  eighth  s]ilne 

t-ength  of  ninth  spmo 

length  of  tenth  spine 

Length  of  longest  my 

Length  of  last  ray 

Anal: 

Distance  from  snout 

Length  of  base 

Length  of  first  ray 

Length  of  longest  ray 

Length  of  last  ray 

Camhil; 

Length  of  middle  rays 

Pectoral: 

Distance  from  snout  (upper  axil) 

Length 

Ventral : 

Distance  fhim  snout 

Length 

Branchlostegals j 

Dorsal 


169 
140 


Pectoral: 
Yenttal. 


Ui;:htVI 

Left  VII 

X,16 

14 

aight   19 

U'ft     18 

1,3 


23      . 

184  I . 
20  L 
10      . 


3i 

16 

5 

64 
25 

5 
13 

6 

20 

35 
26 

32 

20 


180    '. 
150    {. 


27 
23 

4t 

9 
18 
20 
10 


36 
25 

10 

9 
10 
11 
1:2 
12 
12 
11 

U 

7 

2 
17 

0 

64 

24 

7 
14 

t>l 

20 

34 
27 


72 




:::::::: 

32 
20 

:::::::: 

VI 

VI    1 

X.lfl 
13 

IX,  15 

14 

17 

17    1 

1,3 

1.8 

24 


24 


11 
12 
13 
12 
11 
10 

8 

5k 

3 


16 


23 


NATURAL   HISTORY    OP   ARCTIO   AMEBICA. 
Ttihh  eif  _3/«iJMrpmcw^«— Continnpd. 


CiuTcxit  bumlicr  of  hpQClinC'& 

LwiOity..... { 

17.453  flvrf. 
Bergen,  Nor- 

17,133  b,  ?. 

8.S85.9. 

Villi-    i^f*« 

lOOthi 

**f 

lOOtlu 

IrugUi, 

ISO 
151 

U 

aa 

T 

40 

SI 

s» 
a 

SI 

11 
a 

31 

Ufe 

'  15 

ia 

14 

33 

11 

9 

6 

4 

230 
IW 

:::::::: 

IM 

iMigttt  Uf  ttA^a  or  AbliHp  eatfilAl 

as 

fi 

0 

B) 

22 

'S* 

18 

as 

10 

)i 

13 
14 
14 

IS 
11 

s 
e 
a 

...... t. 

....... 

28 

H 

40 
2D 

27 
fit 

IS 

10 

H 

it 

■"■;? 

J2 

IS 

13 

30 

1 

5 

'GI'reatMtlioiiElit 

M 

Ote«t«at  wUiOi    (at   pe«b>n3 

21 

B 

Least  boiiilit  of  lail^  ^^, .«,>,.- 

t 

OwfllMt  li'tiEth 

» 

XHftttLnpc  fronj  hdliiiI.  to  aftpd  ... 

ff 

OrMtest    >ririilj    (it    Uto    of 

a 

Witl(h  of  uitotorUlttd  m*ft 

1 

LuUjUtli  of  aarmt,  ........_.>... 

1 

i« 

Lcr]£rf.]|  (if  nmntliliilR  .. ,. 

» 

Siiitimii'p  fnmi  nuout  to  nrliit. .. 

n 

Bo«a1  (ajiiuonsli : 

u 

'■'■""■■ 

» 

Gr(iat»8t  hfl^lit..          .......^^ 

B 

Is*TltJlll  of  |lll*t  NliiDif       *    ,.,,.. 

U 

J>&gtf|  ur  M.Hv>m)  mttiiv —  , 

""-*" 

11 

I^Bf^b  irf  IMnl  biiUi<i<  ......... 

u 

13 

Irf-u^th  «f  firth  Biiino  .,*.,„.., 

11 

m 

w 

|i 

1 

L'D;:tli  i>\'  lotitiJ'^t  r,iv 

1 

IT 

21 

., ,., 



lu 

17 

IS 

m 

BS 
Z2 

0 

21 

37 
IT 

33 

;;'.";!-    1* 

L..tiu*li  fiiMM  fix*}  i>f 'il(pr»;il  tfi 
titigiij  lit  luiitdlL-  i,\iu<liil  niva^. 
Ann} ; 

iJ 

ID 
IQ 

Ok 

23 
15 

a? 

8 
H7 

■ 

,            tt 

Lmu^Ii  of  bftjii' ., 

:::..j   * 

1 

I 

Ltnirtb  of  Uin^li'ftt  rsi\  ......>.* 

11 

1 

CJIfliiiljl : 

9 



iHntUncw    frnin    dnout    f upper 

3R 
2S 

in 

» 

1* 

Teutrol: 

Jl 

LfunUi  .* **,   ..*..  .. 

i        It" 

■"":::.    m 

iwS.„"::::::;:::: :::::::;: 

X  J  15 

ixi.ii 

13      

lA     1             5 

s.is  

12     •■'• 

RiibtWI  ^,.. 

Left   \i  E 

La    .--*■' 

Anal... . , , ,. , 

Ptjclonil . 

12 
10 



Timlral.  — ......._,.,,,. 

J,3    1 

;::::::  .a  :::::;' 

19.  CottUB  BCorpiuB  L.,  sub-spocies  gronlandScua  C  &  V. 

Cottiis  (jronJamiicm  Cuv.  &  Val.,  Hist.  Xat.  Poisa.,  iv,  p.  1^5:  Gill,  Cat,  Fish« 

E.  Coast  X.  A.,  ie73,  p.  22. 
CoHm  8corphi8  var.  groiiJandica  Lt'TKrx,  Aftryk  af  Videuskalwlige  Meddelcl*' 

fra  <lon  uaturbistoriske  Forening  KjobeuhaMi,  1876,  p.  16. 

21728.  Godthaab,  Grecnlana,  A.  L.  Kiimlien. 

21729.  Godthaab,  Greenland,  A.  L.  Knmlien. 


FISHER. 


119 


1730.  GodthAAh,  On.*cu]iii|t1,  A.  L.  Katnlien. 

1731.  Oodlkuab,  OrcoulfiivJ.  A.  L.  Kumlinn. 
|740,  (151.)  4.    Ntftntilio  Hiulwr,  CtinilKTland  Gnlf,  A.  L,  Knmlicn. 

(67.)    Yonag.    Arctic  I<1.,  Cumberland  Gn]f,  A.  L.  Knmllou. 
iMt.  Many  yonog.    Cainlmrland  Onlf.  hw-nt.  "W.  A.  Mintzer. 

1  have  reached  practically  the  same  conclusion  conconiing  tlie  rein- 
tiona  of  C.  scorpiun  and  C.  ijriiu  lanfikvi*  as  Dr.  LUtkon,  Malinj^ren,  and  Col 
lett,  8in<!e  it  is  i»iol»able  that  they  use  the  terra  '*  varict;^' ^  iu  the  same  sense 
in  which  1  use  ^*  sub-species."  Dr.  Liitken,  howovcr,  supposes  the  Coitus 
^mt-whilifi  of  Ayres  to  be  a  .synonyin  of  C.  Htifrpiun  sub-.si>ecies  fjnmUuuVt- 
^Pby  but  it  is  identical  with  Vottnn  (vnem  ^Mitehill.  The  CotUut  Mltchiill 
$)£  Cuviej-  and  Vuleucienuej^^  whitrh  was  a  mere  n:une  bufied  on  tlie  Cottnn 
^mrpiit^  of  Mitehill,  1$  evithAutly  a  synonym  of  6'.  Heorpitt^  Bub-Hi>coie8 
ffrHnlanfliruH  ;  but  the  name  Cottun  Mitrhilli,  lus  uwd  by  Dr.  De-Kay  and 
Professor  Gill  and  xuidei*stiK>d  in  tlie  miiKciun  catalof^ucs,  wan  associateil 
"With  the  siHJcie.s  which  shoidd  be  called  C.  (vncutt  of  3IitehilL  DeKiiyV 
<*ottnfi  wneun  as  descril)ed  and  ftgnred  is  a  compound  of  (vncun  and  octi^ 
imftpinojtus,  Ilis  C  MitchiUi  is  the  true  trncm  of  ^fitcliill. 
^C.  tint  UK  Mitchill  is  the  Kiiiallest  of  the  marine  sculpins  of  the  en,st 
cvjftjit  80  far  as  known,  and  appc4ii"s  to  be  the  least  widely  distributed.  It^ 
limits  may  be  stated  uh  Lon^  Island  on  the  Bouth  and  Maine  on  tlie  north. 
It  has  tin*  Tiantiwest  intei-orbilal  space  of  our  live  known  sjjecies.  It  is 
Dot  uncommon  to  find  individuiiKs  of  1*4  inches  in  h-n^th  fnJl  of  spawn. 
triie  \m\s\*  of  the  anal  is  alnntst  invariably  sli()rter  than  that  of  the  first 
il.  It  is  highly  probable  that  DeKay's  flffure*  of  Cottun  <metnt 
tehill  was  drawn  from  a  specimen  of  Coitus  octodccim^inoftus  Miteli- 
f,  tlic  <»nly  known  Eastern  American  senlpin  with  wt  Inng  a  spine  on 
the  pr:eopercnlum.  Tlie  number  of  anal  niys  (13)  in  this  fi{;jure  has 
never  been  recorrled  in  Cottus  teneus^  but  i*  coinmon  in  C  oct^i^evimRpl- 

kun,    DeKay*s  fifj^ure  of  Cottuit  MitchUJi  is  n  fair  r«»presentation  of  the 
•(M  of  Mitchill. 

RCoUnn  ncorpivH  sub-species  tfrdnlandicus  has  about  the  same  s*mtliem 
^xt  OH  C.  (CHeim^  but  it  mng:eH  northward  to  Greenland.    It  is  abundant 
WooiVh  Holl,  Mass.'u-.husett.s,  in  winter.    The  ITnittnl  Sttttes  H^h 
^mmUHion  has  fmind  it  eouimon  in  summer  at  different  points  ahm;: 
coast  iHrtween  Cajs*  (.NmI  and  IlalifaXj  Niira  Scotia.    At  Salem  ami 
»accHteT  it  was  caught  from  the  wbarvcs.    Tlio  stomach  of  an  lulnit 
rdiiim  8ize,  taken  at  Wood's  IToll,  Muas.,  by  the  Uuite<l  3tatcc( 
iii  Couimission,  trontained  three  crabs,  Cancer  irroratiu. 


120 


KATUHAL    HISTORY    OF   ABCTIC    AMERICA. 


CotUts  ociodemmpiiiosm  Mitcliill  is  kuown  from  Halifax  on  the  ooith 
to  Beesley'a  Poiut,  Xew  Jersey,  on  the  south,  whei'e  it  was  coUeuteJ  by 
Prof.  B.  F.  Baiixl  in  1854.  It  is  eonsiiliaied  a  shallow-water  si^ecies;  boi 
the  Umted  States  Fish  Commission  has  a  si>ecimen  ft-om  OS  fatbom^^  in 
the  Gulf  of  Sliiine,  where  the  temperature  was  ahout  420  Fahr.  The 
greater  poition  of  the  examples  were  fi'oni  10  fathoms  or  less. 

Add  to  these  Cottun  ttcorpioides  of  Fabricius,  atul  it  will  coiapleti"  liie 
list  of  Eastern  North  Amerieau  specks  of  the  genua  Cottutt  so  far  w 
known* 

As  already  ijitimated,  Cotim  scorplus  sub*specie8  ffroHlandkttg  is  quite 
readily  separated  fi^m  the  t^^pieal  C.  ncorjnus  by  its  wider  interorbltfil 
distance  and  its  higher  ii^ipinous  dorsal,  which  differences  are  best  eiem- 
plified  in  the  ejiechnenft  fiom  GreenhiHd,  and  aiipear,  along  with  otlim, 
in  the  measurement  tables. 

.  TabU  of  MeanuremenU. 


CorreEit  numUer  ot  ipcckapn. 


L<'Ui:tli  ii>  origiii  or  middle  cnudal  m}i. 
IWdy ; 

Gri'Att^M  ]ii'lj!;1it  .._.^....T 

Oif'Jiti-iit  Vriillli  nt  pprtorol  baHo. 

Bi'k'lit  ftt  vi-nh-alrt 

I^Hflt  LeiKbt  of  Uil  _ -. 

Leufftli  of  i:miAn.\  itc^OnaLU^. 

GTVfltcAt  Ivnffth -,.---  ,-1,,,., 

OSHiHniT  turn  HiLMiit  lutiAp^ 
Witltli  uf  itirieri>i'liitul  uiva. 
L(-nj;th  oriiin^ml  -.,»,„.,,. 
Lt-iiKth  ol'tipiifi-jaw. 

IlLat-uiiv-c  fi-uui  ^T|4'ut  ta  nrtjlt. 
HiiLEii'tN-r  liC  oTblt 

Li'iil^tb  of  liiiee 

Li'UKlh  of  tIrKt  rtpiu^^' 
LfTisfTh  of  M-fniiil  ^pluij. 
Li.-D)nh  of  thtTd  a|ilit>L'. 
Lf-Birtli,  (»f  fnnrih  flpiaip 
Li^iiuthof  Jtfth  npiuu 
X^iiijth  of  niitLi  aniDV 
Ltnetli  lit  Hi'vi'iitfi  HyiiXv 

1.1'iitjltli  (if  nltiTh  diiine 
Lt'Uglh  of  ti'titb  «i|ti}ir  .  ,. 

L*n^U  (if  Icttigpiil  mj 
F^'Ugtb  uf  iasl  ray  , 
Annl; 

Oiriiaui'v  frT>ii]  ^tiuut 

Leuifth  of  bttAd 

I*nil|rth  rpf  flmt  my 

LrtiiLrtb  itl'  longHtt  my 
Lvngtb  of  but  ny. . 


GtidLttioab,  Gr&eiJiwd,  Aug.  Ii,  tRl 


FISHES, 
Table  of  MeasuremmtB — Continaed. 


121 


Comiit  number  of  specimen 
Locality 


21.731. 


21,730. 


Godthaab,  Greenlaud,  Aug.  8, 1878. 


Millime- 
tres. 


lOOthA  of    MiTlinic- 
lcnj;th.         tffS. 


C;Mlilal: 


Length  of  middle  rays , 
tral: 


Pector 

Distance  from  snont  (apper  axil) 

Length 

yentral : 

Diatonce  from  snout 

Length 

BranchiostegalB 

DotmI   


{|S 


Pectoral 

Ventral. 


Kight  VI 

Left      VI 

X.1Q 

.\  U 

Bifiht    17 

I  Left       17 

L   3 


35 

28 

21 


lOOthnof 
length. 


VII 

VII 

XI,  17 

14 

17 

17 

I,    3 


214 

34 
29 

81 
24 


I^nrrent  number  of  specimen. 
LocaUty 


21,729. 


21.728. 


Godthaab,  Greenland,  Ang.  8, 1876. 


lOOths  of 
length. 


Bxtreme  length 

Length  to  origin  of  middle  candal  rays. 
Body: 

leant  heigbl  of  tail 

Length  or  candal  peduncle 

Bead: 

Width  of  Interorbitol  area 

Length  of  suont 


235 
195 


Length  of  upper  jaw  . 
'      "  "tble.. 


Length  of  miindil 
Donwl  <spinou«): 

Length  of  first  spine 

Length  of  Bucoud  spine  . 
Length  of  third  spine. . . . 
Length  of  fourth  spine  . . 

Length  of  fifth  spine 

Length  of  sixth  Hpine 

Length  of  serentn  spino . 
Length  of  eighth  snine  . . 
Length  of  nhith  spine.... 
Length  of  tenth  spine . . . . 
Length  of  eleventn  spine. 
Length  of  longest  ray . . . . 


DLstAUce  firom  sndut 
f^ectoral: 

I^ength 

T'cotral: 

Distance  tnm  snout 

Length 

Snachioetegals 

Qonal , 


Sectoral 
Central. 


Right  VI 

Left     VI 

XI,  I,  16 

14 

Right    17 

Left       17 

I.   3 


54 
10 

6 

9 
19 
20 

20 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
19 
16 
13 
10 
6 
20 


218 
178 


18 

19 

184 

18 

19 

i? 

14 

9 

e 


VI 

VI 

X,I,  16 

13 

17 

18 

I.   3 


NATITRAL   HISTORY   OF   ARCTIC   AJIERICA. 

TnNe  of  MeasttrrtmnfM — CV>ritlinui'tl. 


Commt  DDiube'r  of  siieDlilivll 
Lociiliiy ' 


Lcu^tli  to  an,sia  of  laltMle  enntlal  njs. . 
llutlv: 

Ort^ntrMt  bcittliC. >...«>....... ....... 

( ; nfnti'flf  trimii. ♦.-.. ,,-^- 

Jlc^lifbt  nt  vi'Utmli... 

Limet  liclKltluf  IM... 

TlvnA: 

Disriinti'  ft-um  iiiiif*ut ig  mope  — ,... 
'n^mili  uf  JureLorllluliiruft 

Li'litjllh  oi  suDilt  .  ..«.............^.. 

Li'[i^(h  of  TiiCi^lilliiTy _,_.. 

Iji'Tialli  "f  TiittD'Ublp,...* 

LnJix:  iliiiiuet-pry.t'  fltblt  ..,.^  — ,„--. 
I>ciT4>nl  (-itliit^iiKl : 

D^ti(ati('i-  fl'Olti  BDOut ....—.. 


2«U 
UM 


Ewtpnet.lle 


Hi  if 


Dniirili  fif  anToini  iptue -_..»fc.^ „,*..,^, 

Lwu^hof  (hinl  <i>iu« ,....^..... - , 

h^stU  vt  f<iuT(li  ni^Iue '^. 

IffiititL  fj'l'  JlJiti  H[)iiio....^.w^>..^^. ..«(,... .._-..^,.,,t, 
T.CEirih  iif  ^L:!iih  Mp^uo...***. *...,,.,»*. .,..--..,...*,*, 

Lru^fb  ol'  sii.-vi-Qtli  epiBe., -,,..,„- ,.,.,,„,..., 

Ltiietht>r  fiKliJbwrad , 

lA'D^tb  i*(  iiijirb  fljrmr*  ..^.... ...,...........^..4, 

Lrijwrlj  tif  (cuITi  Kjiliie ,.._...._,. .,..,..., 

IxnigttL  uf  l«tiK"-it  my,,...... -,.... , 

lj*Uigth,  of  btatritv ...,,.. I. ....--  ..~..'tn 

Dlift|Liic9  from  surat ..., .,....i.*.....4i. 

Irf'Dulli  tif  bniiM^ . .....,...>....,,.......«•«,«'>■•,.,.(«"■'""* 

Li  nut h  of  tint  rii:P .,.,.^...,  +  *,f.i.6., .*.*......  -.„,,-.. 

1^  iiit!'fi  ''f  It'ajii'st  ray , 

I.^'ii;j,tli  (i(  U&l  VAy  ..', 

CautljJ ; ' 

Lcuirlh  of  inuldlo  Ffija..,^,..., ..---.-- .-.-.^....,: 

l>fBiiiiiiru  fmrn  wjoiit  -,^.-..^ ^, ,...,,,,..,...... . 

Ll'Dgtll  ,..,....„ r...  .„.,..., 

Difttaiicp  fixim  snout  ..^........^ - -..= ... 

Li'iijTib  ,... ,.. **,^-. .,^,.^..^^. 

Brfl.L'.liiMiiifgiiilg.,,... ....,..„, ,.,  I  TI 

I>wrAiil  _ _._ IX  IS 

^nii] ..._. 15 

CamUl ......._,....,„,„.,....,„,,  ,.....,„...    +,12,+ 

I'telCTml  .  „,„ 


U 

at 
7 

«3 
M 

? 

20 
» 

a 

u 

14 
3S 
1« 
12* 
11 

«f 

ft 


« 

M 
M 

9 

37 

33 

SO 


13 
Mt 


II 

f 
■ 

u 

« 

u 
» 
u 
It 
u 
a 
n 

H 
f 
I. 


X.IJ 
14 


TfDtrril. 


IT 
1-3 


ifBi«1lt  19...... 

liLsft     ITu 

I.SL 


20.  Cottus  Bcorpioides  Fabr. 

Coiln9  8i-orpioi<l€8  Fabr.,  Faun.  Grunld. :  LCtken",  Aftrjk  nf  VideninkabeUge 
Mcdilclolser  Ira  deii  nuturbiHtoriske  Forouin^  Kjobenbavn.  1;*76,  p.  12. 
'21744.    7  spfriinens.     Cuiiibcrlainl  Gulf,  A.  L.  Kimilini, 
'21745.     4  Nin'cimcus.     Lat.  iMP  *i4'  X.,  loug.  (W-  49'  \V.     A,  L.  Kiinilieu. 
•21T.jO.     {iVHl)     Young.     iU'iid  of  Cmnbi-rland  Gulf.     A.  L.  Knuiliou. 
',>'2:t-,>7.     (1M>.)     9  ailult.     Cnniborland  Gulf.'    A.  I..  Kuuilion. 
•2*2:!:;n.     (l.')l.)    Ycumj;.     N'iaiitilic,Cunil)frlan(l  Gulf,     A.  L.  Kumlieu. 
-^,'3;ll.     Young.     Cumberland  Gulf.     Lieut.  W.  A.  Mintzor. 

Mr.  Kumlieu  brouj^'ht  tlowu  many  exauiples  of  a  species  of  Cotim 
wLieU  c'lcsely  resembles  scorjyius  aud  gronUtndicuSj  and  yet  agrees  with 


FISHES. 


123 


litlier  of  tbetu.    It  is  a  species  cbai-actemcd  by  a  very  sbort  bend  and 

lort  jaws,  tbe  betid  const  it  utiii;;,^  only  otielliird  of  tlie  totjd  leiij^^rtb  witli- 

it  Uii?  c.iudal.  and  the  upper  jaw  etjiiiilliii;?  Ic.ss  than  onesfvcntb  of  tbe 

II!  leii^b.    The  leuylli  of  Ibe  up[a'r  jiiw  of  C.  (/rihiUtmlicHti  eijuals 

^liybtly  moi-e  tbaii  one-wxtb  of  tbe  total  leugtb  M^itbout  caudal,  niid  in 

i\  iian-]»iujt  it  is  eontAined  only  54  tiuies  in  tbe  leiigtb  excUisivG  of  tbe 

<'uudal.    Tbe  si>ecies  agi*ee.s  with  FabnciiiK's  description  and  wilb  I)r. 

LiitkenVs  diagnosi-s  of  Cotiiai  s&trphitles.    For  tlie  sake  of  comparition,  I 

IkAve  preparetl  a  table  of  niea8ui*eraents  of  tbe  bead  and  jaws  of  9  addi- 

■Dnu!  rti»eciiucns  of  C  tjriiulamlicm  to  follow  tiie  ntoasnreniGuts  of  C 

^mrpiindin.    Tbe  nnit  i>f  1enj;;Ui  in  tbe  ta1>U*K  is  tbe  total  U*ngtli  to  tbo 

Higin  of  tbe  middle  candal  raya. 

^kjyeMiriptnm. — ^Tbe  8bai)e  of  tbe  body  rcMeinbles  tbat  of  Coitus  ftcorpius 
X.|  but 'tbe  caudal  peduncle  is  Ion  per  and  more  slender. 

Tlie  ^i-eatcst  bei^^bt  of  tbe  bmly,  wbicb  m  at  tbe  ventndsj  equals  Tbo 
distance  from  tho  tip  of  tbe  snout  to  tbe  naiie,  and  is  contaijiiHl  4^  times 
in  tbe  lengtli  -wiiboat  caudal.  Tbe  caudal  peduncle  is  slender  and  lon^f  j 
it«  leaj^t  beigbt  is  less  tban  tbe  buifr  diameter  of  tbe  orbit,  and  its  length 
TO  tbe  origin  of  tbe  middle  caudal  mys  equals  tbo  length  of  tbe  longest 
jttiul  my. 

H'ihe  length  of  the  bead,  measured  to  the  end  of  the  opeif  lUur  flap,  is 
contained  3  times  in  the  imit  of  lengtli.  Tbe  width  of  the  beml  at  tbo 
hose  of  the  pneopfrcidar  s|tinOM  iMpials  tb«A  distance  from  tbe  simnt  to 
the  noiKs  and  nearly  equals  tbe  length  of  tbe  anal  base.  Tbe  long 
diameter  of  tbe  eyo  equals  half  the  length  of  the  upper  jaw,  and  is 
very  little  less  than  tbe  length  of  the  snout.  The  distance  between 
the  eyes  equals  J  of  tbe  length  nf  tbe  mandible,  and  is  containiMl  20 
times  in  the  unit  of  length.  Tbe  length  of  tbe  snout  equals  J  the  length 
of  the  mandible^  and  is  containeil  14  times  in  the  unit  of  length. 

Tbe  distance  of  the  spinous  dorsid  fi'oni  tbe  snout  equaU  twice  tbo 
length  of  tbe  b>ngest  T9.y  of  tlus  second  dorsal  and  is  nearly  or  quite 
etpuil  to  the  lengtli  of  tbe  be^d.  Tbe  tii-st  spine  is  coulaiued  11  times, 
tbo  second  0^  times,  and  the  third,  fourth,  and  tiftb  1)  time«  in  the  unit 
of  length.  From  this  point  the  spines  diminish  gnulnally  in  length  to 
the  bwt,  wbicb  is  ^  an  long  as  the  (irnt.  Tlie  longest  ray  of  the  second 
d  is  contained  l>|  times  in  tbe  unit  of  length, 
le  distance  of  the  anal  from  the  snout  etpials  twice  the  lengUi  of  the 

tl.    The  onus  is  dinv^tly  under  the  origin  ol  the  second  dorsal. 
10  length  of  theamd  base  is  nbont  eipial  to  the  distance  fitim  the 


124 


JTATUKAL   inSTOKY   OF   ARCTIC    AMEEICA. 


BDont  to  the  uape.  TLe  first  and  last  raya  are  usunlly  equal  m  leiigtlt, 
aitd  equal  the  length  of  the  snotit.  The  loogeat  anal  ray  ^x"^  i"  ha^iXh 
the  caudal  i>e<liinelo* 

The  length  of  the  middle  caudal  raya  is  contained  from  5  to  6  times 
the  ludt  of  length. 

The  (lij?tanco  of  the  pectoi'^il  from  the  snout  is  contained  3J  tiiiieR,auil 
its  length  3^  to  4  tlme^^  in  the  unit  of  len^lh 

The  distance  of  the  venti'al  from  the  snout  e<iiials  twice  the  leu^ 
the  npper  jaw.    The  length  of  the  ventral  iu  females  is  eontahied 
times  (iu  one  nearly  C  times)  in  the  unit  of  Ieuf»tlij  iu  males,  about  4j 
times* 

E(fdifilformuJa.—B.  YI^  D.  IX-Xj  IS-lOj  A.  11-13;  P.  15^16;  T.1,3. 

Dr.  Liitkon  is  of  the  opiuiou  that  "<?<?«w»  pavhppuM  Giinther  (lb>ni 
Port  Leopold)  is  the  genuine  €'.  scorjiioidcs^^  in  which  opiuiou'I  ftilt.v 
coiJicide  after  a  comparison  of  >lr,  KumJien's  specimens  -^vith  Fabncitis's 
descrii^tion  of  C.  acorpwides  and  the  descriijtion  of  C.  pacItypnH^ 

Cotim  ^cor^pioidea  ai>i>ears  in  Professor  Gill's  List  of  East  Coast  Fislitt 
TTith  a  doubt  as  to  its  reference  to  the  genus  Cottm^  to  ^rhich  gentu, 
however,  it  was  properly  refeired  hy  Fabridus. 

Species,  Cottut  seorpioideM  Fabr. 


i 


21  7 

mn 

91  7jr.  h  -/ 

21,7«c.i. 

Locality 

Lat66^24'X.    Long.  68 

MiUl- 
metpes. 

lOOtLa 

(if 
IfrP^h. 

MUH- 
mctrea. 

i(mji« 

liMtb 

1       Mf 

101 

Lfuntb  to  origin  <»f  uiWrllt  I'jiudal  ray*..-. ,-.,,, 

Si 

6 

Uj 

lis 

Body:               °                                            ^ 

^ 

Lraat  lu'i;;lit  <»f  Idil 

6 
13 

33 

Lou  lit  U  of  caiKljil  iiLHluni^U' ...........,  +  .. j.. 

III!!' 

11 

Hua.l: 

Greatest  lpiiirt!i -.,..-^,,,, 

23 

5 
7 

u 

M 

: 

A\'i<ltli  of  int«nirUjtiil  arvft 

1 

14 
33 

;:::::;: 

i 

12 

16 

]] 

l)iiimct»;r  of  orbit ,  _.....,„.., ^..,,,__.j. . . ,  ,^,. 

Doi»al  (Hjimoiis): 

Distance  from  ftufiut                                       .            ... 

V 

32 

21 

D 
10 
ID 
-10 
IU 
9 
7 
5 
LS 

Lt-Dt;(bof  l.iiw.,    ,. s. ...J. 

"""**■ 

""**"  ' 

Lciigtli  of  foiu'tli  Kjiiiiu  , .,,.  ...,..............,^1  ....... 

*'■'"*  J    „ 

Li.'ii"th  of  tinii  piiLiiij  ».  ...<..«,«    *  1          i  .  .1 

"::::::(::; 

""**" 

■"■"'*i 

;:ra 

Li-'D^th  of  I'iglitli  (tpui« _,.-.,..         ...... 

'  **  *  ' 

. 

*■■—•■.' 

'**1&^^^B^^^ 

Length  of  loujitv^l  my*..,.- -*....,..,.*.. 

««..,• 

j^^^^H 

FISHES. 


125 


Table  of  Measurements — Continued. 
Species,  Cottut  leorpioideg  Ya.hr, 


Curreat  nnmber  of  specimen 
LocaUty 


21,745  o.        I      21,745  &,rf.     j      21,715  c,?. 
Lat.  66"  24'  X.    Long.  6Bo  49-  W. 


Anal: 

Distance  from  snout . . . 

Length  of  base 

Lcnji^thof  first  ray 

Length  of  longest  ray. 

Length  of  last  ray  ...., 
Caudal: 

Lenzth  of  middle  rays 
PectoraT: 

Distance  ftom  snoat . . 

Length 

Ventral: 

Distance  from  snoat . . 

Length 

Brauchiostegala 

Dorsal : : 

Anal 

Pectoral 

Ventral 


VI 

IX.  16 

13 

15 

1,3 


21 


X,16 
12 
16 
1,3 


lOOths 
of 

length. 


MUli- 
metreo. 


IS.  16 
12 
16 
T.3 


lOOths 

of 
length. 


61 


Current  nnmber  of  specimen 
Locality 


21, 745  d,  9 . 

Lat.  6flo  24'  N. 
Loa  68°  4V  W. 


22,327,  9. 

Cnmberiand 
Gulf.  • 


Zxtreme  length 

Length  to  ongin  of  middle  caudal  rays. 
Body: 

Greatest  heieht 

Greatest  width 

Height  at  ventrals 

Least  height  of  tail 

Length  of  caudal  peduncle 

Send: 

Greatest  length 

I>istance  from  snout  to  nape 

Greatest  Tidth 

Width  of  Interorbital  aiea 

Length  of  snout 

Length  of  maxillary 

length  of  mandible 

Distance  from  snout  to  orbit 

Diametorof  orUt 

Dorsal  (spinous) : 

Distance  fr^m  snout 

Length  of  base.. 

Length  of  first  spine 

Length  of  second  spine 

Length  of  third  spme 

Length  of  fourth  spine 

Length  of  fifth  spine 

Length  of  sixth  spine 

Length  of  seventh  spine 

Length  of  eighth  spine 

Langthof  nmth  spine 

Length  of  tenth  spln< 


Length  of  longeat  ny 
Langtii  oi  last  ray . .. 


LMgUof  hMo 
*  of  fintnQT. 


MiUi.  I  !*«**>■  i  MiUi.   I  ^^f" 
metres.  \^^^^^   metres.  |  ^^^^^ 


102 


23 


Aver- 
ages. 


lOOths 

of 
length. 


190 


23 
22 
23 

HI 


23 


32 

14 
15 

B 
7 


27 

"    1 

11 

'I* 

7 
5 
3 
16 
6* 

01 
28 

n 


23 
6 
13 

33 

23 

23 

5 


9 

?;» 

11 
11 

10 

9 
7 
6 
3 
16 


01 

It 


CTJIIAL   lUSTOKY    QF  ARCTIC   AMERICA. 


men .,,,^.,...., 

\ 

Lm.  wp  IJi'  X. 

Ltm.  61-0  48'  W. 

Uiiif. 

Aw. 

UUU- 

lOMIift 

«F 

MRU 

? 

u 

H 

n 

7    *•            '             "                            • 

!»...,.... - 

- 

ao 

30 

» 

31 

JD  frvm  BCDot ...... 

■::::::;    2 

-ogttla - 

VI 

ixii  [  .-   -. 



— 

^11 

16 
1.8 

*«                                                         t 

■■■"."■ 

' 

ft|t«eina,  CpWjm  teorpiut  aab-9p«t:le«  (^rBnJmMMn**, 


imL  niual»r  of  apeclmtn  ..,. 


£2,W2(L 


32.275*. 


BuckaxiO'rt,  M&    iRuckfli^Knl:^  U 


Uat1u|ntt,  ^f. 


Mllli. 


EslrfmiL'  It'DplIi  irithdttt  cauflol 

l.i«iii:tLi  til  i;iiil  »f  iniililio  cnutlnl  mvq  .. 

t;iTttt.-st  IrHETtli^ 

l*a)rlb  *>f  upi^r  5nw -. 

la'ti^li  of  mnudililti.^^..^ 


IB 


lOOtlu 

of 
Uiigtfa. 


MIIJI. 


luntlit 


17| 
li» 


•C'umiit  DQiabcr  of  ^p^ctcucn 
Lorflllty -. 


22,:r72d. 
BocVfimrt,  If  P. 


32,273  «; 


iE^ctrcmL'  !im?tll  TFitJuMSl  raiiilnl ...... 

I.eniftli  to  iilid  (i£  tdlddiQ  caudui  raya. 

1!<.-.m1: 

<ireaU^B,t  lenpth 

Li'iiirtli  nf  ii|i|>L-r  .Jfiw 


mt!»Tea, 


llKnL» 

of 
length. 


25,275/ 
Buckspoit,  Ub 


C'Tim>ikl  nnmlKr  of  Hpeclmen 
LoTftlHv  „.,..,.... 


a2,^f7Sff. 


I        S»,?73». 


Bm-fespori.  M«,  f  hwktpiift,  ^& 


BiiGluiMa1.Mft 


Milli- 
ini--tr(H. 

.IS 
71 

lOOths 

of 
I<'U;.'lh. 

Milli- 
mrtros. 

moths 
c.r 

leuptli. 

Milli- 
metres. 

lOOthi 

of 
lensth. 

Ertrrmr  Icnjrth  without  caiulftl 

4fl 
17 

51 
63 

40 
18 
21 

57 
70 

I-on;;:tli  to  cud  of  midiUe  caudal  i-avs 

Hcnd : 

<irfatost  Irunth 

39 

I-oiifrtli  of  ii]»p<:-r  jaw  . 

!? 

Lt'Dglli  of  mamUble 

1 

riSHE8i. 


12 


21.   Oottus  qaadrloornU  Liiui. 

PCothta  quadricvrtih  Uicu.,  Lost  Are.  Voy. ,  1&55,  pp.  348-9:  Or:fni.,P.  Z.S.,  IS??, 
p.2il3. 

Itichardtton  records  the  species  from  the  Coppermine  River  i-egiou  and 
H-onntion  Gulf  {GSo  SC  N.,  IIO^  TT,).— aHHfA«-. 

32.  Cottos  polaris  SaIhuo. 

Cotuut  jtoturin  Rich.  ,  Laftt  Arc.  Voy, ,  lr!55,  p.  351. 
Iichnnl80n  refera  to  thiM  Kpetries  as  occurring  at  Xorth  G(»org:iaj  lat. 
>*.,  and  at  the  PeuiusiiUi  of  Boothia.    The  ra^lial  fonuula  ai>i>ears 
me  more  liJke  that  of  a  Centi'itlennivhthi/it  thau  anything  else,  but  the 
LOS  to  which  it  proi>eriy  belongs  is  uncertain. 

Oymnacantbua  plstiJUger  (Pull.)  GUI,  MS. 
Cottua  rmtmiU  Ccv.  &.  Val.,  HUt.  Ntkt  PoIm.,  Iv,  p.  194:  Collktt,  CbriKti- 
aiiiA  Viil.  S»^l»k.  Forh.  1878,  No.  U,  (p.  15). 

1732.  (1373.)    Godtluiab,  Disko  M.,  Urvoitlnml,  A.  L.  Kumlieu.     D.  XII.  I.  1(>. 
X8.    V.  3.     Venlrals  nearly  rcacli  veut. 

1733.  (1374.)     fioaiUanl..  A.  h.  Knmlicu.     D.  XU,  15.    A.  19.     V.  3.     VimtralH 
h  tlfth  ruy  of  j^nnl. 
734.     OodtliAftb.    A.  L.  Kuiuli<<n.     D.  XI,   1(1     A.  19.     V.  3.    Vontrals  ext«na 

lo  mon?  Ihuu  hiilf  way  to  veal. 
B1735.     Go«ltb:»aIi.     A.  L.  Kniulicii.     V,  XI,  17,    A.  Id.     V.  3.     Veutrala  roach  thinl 
of  anal. 

irJ6.     Godtbaal>. 
b  v«nt. 

73T.    OodlUaab. 
itirtb  ray  of  anal. 

^1741.     (151.)    Kiantilio  Harbor.  Cnmberbnid  Gnlf,  A.  U  Kninlieii 
43.     (ISO.)     XianHlic  Harbor,  A.  L.  Kiini1ii-n. 

Nianttlic  Harlior,  Aug.  1876,  Lieul.  W.  A.  Miutaer. 
7431.  CliriBttauiu,  Nunray,  M.  G.  Hcttiiig,  in£ii>cctur  of  fisheries. 
V.  3.     Ventrnls  reach  fourth  ray  of  aual. 


A.  L.  Kundieu.     D.  XII.  17.     A.  19.    V.  3.     Vuutrals  uoaily 
A.  L.  Konilku.    D.  XU,  I,  15.    A.  le.    T.  3.    Veutnils  reAok 


D.XU,  14.    A. 


Dr*  Liitken  rejects  the  name  O^inocanthttJt^  Hwainnon,  liecause  the 

iu»i  wiw  l»adly  defined.    Tliere  can  ha  no  dift'ereiico  of  opinion  a«  to 

fact  that  the  gcnu>i  wan  poorly  chaiaetorized;  but  thei-e  is  an  attempt 

duiiuitiou  and  a  reference  to  a  tlgure  of  the  type-8i>eeies,  so  that  one 

not  hesitate  as  to  what  \s  intended.    If  we  l>egin  to  reject  names 

genem  iKTJiii.se  they  are  not  ao^'onijwinied  by  <'Oni]>lrte  drH<Tiptions, 

may  tind  it  dillicuH  to  dniw  the  line  between  what  we  shall  accept 

Ul  what  we  shall  reject.    In  retaining  Swaiusou*8  name  it  may  not 


128  NATURAL  HISTOEY    OP  AECTIC   AMERICA. 

be  amiss  to  repitKluce  his  description.*  Concerning  the  siietifio  Diimo 
pi$tiUufCfj  Di'.  Liitken  &aysj1  *•  Influenced  by  Stiiindaehner'8  mrtii^ 
(Wicn*  SitinnKsl**  1S76)  on  C.  phtiUifjfr^  Piillsis^  I  Imvr?  son^ht  inftHTua- 
lion  ttjmvndng  thia  species  in  tlie  licrliu  Miiiseum 5  the  typ«  U  oiiJya 
bat!  hulf  skin  preserved  in  spiiits ;  Prof.  l*et*ii"a  haa  lieen  so  obliging 
as  to  send  it  to  me  for  iuvestigatiou,  aud  I  bave  tber<?hy  bi^n  al»l*'  tn 
coTivinoe  myself  that  the  '^  pistils^  which  Pa^llas  describes  as  soft  thmMtf 
Midi  Hpongy  he^uls  sire  in  vcaltty  only  tlie  half  cruciform,  spiny  w'alw 
which  diHtiiigTiisU  a  certain  i>art  of  the  sitie  of  the  btnly  in  C  (rfcvmi 
Since  the  name  ^pi^tiUiget'^  ia  thua  founded  on  a  misai»prebenHin]i, 
reputed  ]Mdority  (ISll)  cannot  reiptire  that  it  be  ^iven  the  prefen-uw 
over  the  next  in  the  eeiie-Sj  and  we  should  therefore  tix  iiinm  llie  iiHuic 
Phuhcior  Teniralk^  Cuv.  &  Val."  If  t^b  were  to  throw  out  all  oanic* 
which  are  l/a^ed  ujwn  a  misapprehension  it  wniild  invMlve  ub  in  a  fivat 
deal  <d'  unnecessary  confusion,  and  it  woidd  be  dilBciiU  to  tlecide  liow 
far  the  elimination  shoidd  proceed.  TUo  Inct  that  Dr-  Llitken  cmilil  re- 
oogBize  the  iM^culiarit)"  in  which  the  speeilic  name  ori^^'inated  1**  a  sort  of 
apology  for  its  adoption  by  Pallas. 


Um 

4 


lf;Ui>i  hamntHH  GCNIil.,  P.  Z,  3.,  1877,  pp,  WA,  470, 

This  species  was  collected  in  Discovery  Bay,  Franklin  Pierce  Bay,  and 
at  Cape  Xapoleon,  in  the  month  of  August,  by  Captain  Feilden,  and  in 
Franklin  IMerce  Bay,  August  11,  1875,  by  Mr.  0.  Ilart. 

25.  Triglops  pingelii  Reinh. 

Trif/hpx phtffilii  GC-NTH.,  P.  Z.  8..  IriT*,  p.  470. 

Taken  in  Franklin  Pierce  Bay,  August  11,  1875,  by  Mr.  C.  Hart, 
naturalist  on  board  II.  JI.  S.  "Discovery." 

The  United  States  Fish  Commission  has  man^'  specimens  in  its  col- 
lections of  1S77  and  l'^78. 

"Nat.  Hist.  Fishfs,  AinpliibiaiiH,  ii  K.'iitUes,  II,  Loudon,  iecit»,  pp.  131  &.  271. 
p.  181.  GvMNOc.WTnrs.    X.Tpo  of  the  lu'.ad  contraptcd;  cyos  with  bony  orbiti*. 
p.  271.  OYMXOCANTiirs  8w.     RpfK-ml.Iiii;; in  p'licral  aspect tbo  laat,  (Coilunchri^, 
C.  &  v.),  but  thero  .an'  no  upjHT  oiliits;  spines  of  tlio  head  few  and  nalwi; 
ventral  iins  very  long,  and  of  3  rays;  dorsals  distinct ;  the  rays  of  the  tiret  naked 
on  their  terniiual  Lalf(f);  candal  liu  truncate. 

G.  vettiraUs,  C.  &  V.  iv,  pL  79,  fig.  t 
t  Aftrj'k  af  Videnskabclige  Meddelelserfra  den  naturhiHtoriske  Forening  EJubeuhara, 
1876,  p.  10, 


I 


FISHES.  129 

Family,  GASTEROSTEID^. 

26.  OastaiOBteiu  insoulptus  Kicli. 

Gtuterosteus  inscuJptus  Rich.,  Laet  Arc.  Voj-.,  1855,  p.  356,  pi.  xxv. 
The  types  were  from  Nortliumberland  Sound,  lat.  70°  53'  X. 

27.  Oasterosteuft  pungitius  Linn.,  mi1>-specics  bracbypoda  Beau. 

In  email  streams  on  the  sides  of  Oosooadlin  Mountain,  and  in  a  little 
pond  on  the  top,  1,500  feet  above  tide-level,  i\Ir.  Kundien  collected 
mimerous  examples  of  a  many-spined  stickleback,  which  resembles  Gaa- 
teroaieus  pungitius  Linn.,  in  most  particulars,  but  may  be  readily  distin- 
guished from  it  by  its  very  short  ventral  ftinnca.  The  tables  of  measure- 
ments and  radial  formula;  appended  will  show  other  differences,  which 
are,  however,  not  so  important. 

Description. — ^The  gi'eatest  lieijj;ht  of  body  is  contained  b%  times  in  its 
length  to  origin  of  middle  caudal  rays  (in  gravid  females,  4^  times) ;  the 
greatest  width,  10  times  (in  gravid  females,  8  times).  The  height  at  ven- 
trals  is  contained  5J  times  in  length  of  body  (in  gi'a\id  females,  5  times  or 
shghtly  less).  The  least  height  of  tail  equals  half  the  length  of  the  first 
dorsal  spine.    The  length  of  caudal  i)edHncle  is  ^  of  length  of  body. 

The  length  of  head  equals  4  times  the  length  of  upper  jaw,  and  is 
from  J  to  -2^-  of  length  of  body.  The  greatest  width  of  head  nearly  ecpials 
length  of  middle  caudal  rays.  The  distance  between  the  ej'es  e(|ua1s 
the  IcDgth  of  snout,  which  equals  the  length  of  antecedent  si)ine  of  soft 
dorsal.  The  length  of  the  operculum  equals  the  length  of  ventral  spine, 
"which  is  slightly  less  than  a  third  of  length  of  head.  The  length  of 
mandible  equals  the  long  diameter  of  the  orbit. 

The  distance  of  the  spinous  dorsal  from  the  snout  is  from  J  to  /„  of 
length  of  body,  and  is  almost  uniformly  less  than  its  length  of  base.  The 
first  and  second  spines  of  the  dorsal  are  equal  in  length,  and  are  alnmt 
3  as  long  as  the  venti*al  spine.  The  last  spine  of  the  dorsal  is  slightly 
less  than  the  first.  The  antecedent  spine  of  the  second  dorsal  is  some- 
■wUat  longer  than  the  first  of  the  spinous  dorsal,  and  half  as  long  as  the 
first  ray  following  it.  The  first  ray  of  the  soft  dorsal  is  contained  8.} 
times  in  length  of  body,  and  is  three  times  as  long  as  the  last  ray. 

The  distance  of  the  anal  from  the  tii>  of  snout  equals  I  of  length  of 
lx)dy ;  its  length  of  base  is  twice  the  length  of  its  first  and  longest  ray, 
and  slightly  less  than  J  of  length  of  bod3'.  Tlie  anal  spine  is  half  as 
long  as  the  first  anal  ray  (in  young  individuals,  5). 

The  length  of  the  middle  caudal  rays  is  contained  8J  times  in  length 
of  body ;  the  length  of  external  rays,  7}  times. 

The  distance  of  the  x>ectoral  from  the  tip  of  snout  is  contained  3J^  times 
Boll.  Nat.  Mus.  Xo.  15 9 


atsaaUy  to  lln?  Ttli  ilursiil  spine  {Mi  tu  ?^Ui), 
^^CW4iittae»of  theviBDtrMl  t'mm  liie  tip  of  ^iiout  MlightiyexiHHMJtt  ^^,ur 
^^^fl^ 9t  body.    The  length  of  tlie  reiitml  spine  is  filwA^.-^  n  link  lc«a 
^    tka  i  uT  t^  kfigtli  of  th«  tj«atL  ^t 

rirfaryiirwii  T  T'"  ^T  T,fr  Tl  A. 1, 0-11^  C.  +,li.'. +;  IMD; 
V.  1.  I. 

^i\i0r, — Ocncrul  culwr  dull  silverj,  iiiiautiUy  imuistuluti^d  irirli  Mack; 
«|»|>cr  U»lf  of  body  with  large  ii'ivgiilar  aa-a*  ol"  1  tUu/k ;  chin,  tUi-out,  iiuil 
abilNMDea bbu'k  iu  malas  s^ilvery  in  tli«^  femak'iif  stiulifU,  NitHf^on  rocoinlA 
a  cimllar  condidoa  in  0.  pnntfittun,* 

The  ivlulioiis  of  Gtmteroslvm piingitiujt  mm;  itraiihj/potJtt  \o  thv  p«»ffitiiu 
{^f*ifgi^t^Hi  occi^mtalU  (C.  &  V.)  Bivvoort)  of^ow  EiiKland  aiv  alioffu 
ill  ibf  tahU'  of  t'ompftiativo  itM.'iismt'njL-utm  wbith  lulloww*  1  ilo  miT  il* 
the  i*aiiu?  Fy^mitm  occidatiaUjty  fur  tht  rojiftaii  that  <nir  njnnv-.-^|iiJn^i 
sitk'UIirhaflv  bearing  that  name  shows  uo  chiiractti's  by  Aviiich  ir  may  U- 
supaiatml  fivm  the  OasteroHteits purtf^ifius  of  Liuu^  a«j  a  si>ecies,  aritl  tlji- 
^eun.H  J'iffjoittcm  ha^  iiothin^^  to  exchnl<?  it  froni  Ga^terosteitfi.  Tlie  jrcuu?^ 
/'^jfjtfffiw,  iilthoii^^h  crcditLtil  to  Drevooit,  ^vas  not  detined  by  liiiii ;  Jt^ 
nplieai's  iu  GiU's  Ciitiiloguef  a:^  a  uaaao  only.  The  fii^t  to  i[idicjia| 
fhnrat!tt!rs  by -n-hieh  it  was*  thouy;ht  the  genns  coidd  be  disfhigiiisluHl 
was  Jordan ;  they  are  stated  to' be  the  following :  "Dorsal  spines  7  or 
moi'e ;  sides  mailed  or  not."  f  So  far  as  the  squamatiou  is  concerned, 
the  coUeetious  of  the  United  States  Kational  Musenm  show  all  sorts  of 
individual  variation,  and  justify  the  t»;round  taken  by  Giinther  iu  bis 
arningenieut  of  the  varieties  of  G.  aculeate;  certainly,  the  s<iuamatiou 
is  not  even  of  specific  importance.  The  number  of  dorsal  si>iues  in  the 
si)ecimens  of  G.  pungitius  studied  ranges  from  7  to  11.  In  OaHiermie^ 
ineonsfam,^  Kirtland,  the  range  is  from  3  to  G.     I  have  seen  a  fresh- 


*  '*  Variat  abdomine  n'lgro." — I'rod.  lelitb.  .Stand.,  IKK,  p.  Sii. 

t  Catalogue  of  the  Fi-sbes  of  the  Eastern  Coast  of  North  America  from  Greeuland  to 
Goorgra,  by  Theodore  Gill,  Jan.  ISCtl,  p.  '^. 

:  Manual  of  the  Vertebrates  of  the  Xortberu  United  Statew,  I'ftG,  p.  24?'. 

S*  I^Hailiii  incoiiHtaiis,  Jordan,  Manual  of  Vertebrates,  187C ;  Pi-oe.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  PliiU-i 
1-77.  p.  (m.  Tbo  generic  characters  ascribed  to  Eiicalia  aw:  (1)  "Dorsal  Riiinesina 
rij;bi  line,"  which  is  also  true  iu  Gmteronteua  acuhattm,  L. ;  even  iu  the  many-siHU^I 
siicklebacl;,  0.  pniiffilius,  I  have  fn'quently  seen  the  last  four  or  flvo  spincH  iu  a  righi 
line,  while  Ihi-  anterior  ones  preservctl  their  zigzag  arrangement ;  (2)  "  Ventral  platw 
eortlcseiMl  into  u  narrow  plate  on  the  median  lino  bctwocn  the  ventral  fins,"  just  wi" 
(f.  tu  ttif\ttii!t  nw\  ti.  ptingititts)  ('A)  '^Adistmct  sub-quadrate  poBt-peotoral  plate,"  vbidi 
U  priwitt  inmost  sticklebacka;  thn "awmomtoa nhftra«fa>r^"i^^ft^f45Y^>nt^|im»othiMt 
in>aerlcHlt^v  dlstiuctive. 


FISHES.  131 

water  stickleback  fi-om  Maine,*  which  resembles  G.  pxtngitUis  in  many 
respects,  but  has  only  2  dorsal  si)ine8.  The  number  of  dorsal  spines 
■would  seem,  therefore,  to  be  certainly  of  not  more  than  si>ecific  Aalue. 

Gasterosteus  nebiilostis  seems  to  me  to  be  separated  from  G.  inmgiims 
by  no  constant  character,  but  onlj'  by  its  habitat.  Gastcrosfeiis  mainensia 
is  identical  with  G.  pungttius. 

Apeltes  (DeKay)  Jordau  is  well  separated  from  Gasterosfetis  by  the 
structure  of  its  pubic  bones. 

The  United  States  National  Museum  has  received  from  tlie  Musee 
d'Histoire  Xaturelle,  of  Paris,  one  of  the  tj'pes  of  Gaaterosteua  hlanchunli 
Sauvage,  described  from  specimens  sent  from  Boston,  United  States. 
This  si)ecies  is  our  common  many-spmed  stickleback,  (?.  pitngitiiis,  as  will 
appear  from  tlie  table  of  measurements,  and  the  name  must  be  regarded 
as  a  synonym  of  the  latter.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  in  passing  that  the 
shape  of  the  post-pectoral  plate  in  species  of  GasferosleuSy  which  lias 
been  emi)loyed  as  an  important  diagnostic  clmracter,  i.s  so  variable,  even 
on  the  two  sides  of  the  same  fish,  that  it  is  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  sticklebacks  of  eastern  Xorth  America,  so  far  as  observed  be  me, 
may  all  be  referred  to  the  genera  Apeltes  and  Gaaterosteus, 

Tlie  basis  of  the  foregoing  description  of  tlie  stickleback  collected  by 
Mr.  Kumlien  is  the  table  of  measurements  which  follows.  Only  8  esam- 
l)les  were  measured,  but  these  show  the  extremes  of  variation  in  the 
numerous  specimens  secured.  In  none  of  the  individuals  does  the  length 
of  the  ventral  spine  exceed  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  head. 

Mr.  Kumlien  has  sent  me  the  following  notes  on  the  species:  "The 
Qasteroateua  was  taken  from  a  pond  more  than  a  thousand  feet  above 
the  sea  on  the  mountain  side.  Said  i^onds  were  not  over  18  inches  deep, 
and  of  course  freeze  solid  in  winter.  lu  fact,  there  was  but  very  little 
water  at  the  time  I  procured  the  fish.  It  is  impossible  that  they  could 
have  come  up  from  below,  as  the  poud  emirties  by  a  series  of  perpen<licular 
falls,  some  of  them  30  feet  or  more.  In  my  note-book  I  find  that  they 
were  light  greenish  above,  barred  with  dusky  brown  and  black ;  beneath 
white,  irregularly  blotched  with  black.  Caudal  pinkish.  Male  (?)  with 
a  crimson  spot  at  base  ^f  pectoi-al  fin.'' 

•  Gaaterosteus  Atkimii  Beau,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  ii,  p.  — . 


Tdhlf  of  Comporati'-r  Measttrcmentft. 


133 


(Jattcrotteus 

tuntjitiHS' 
iuu.  (aver- 
:i;:fs  of  7  ex- 
iimpU'«). 


\Ai.  hritfhif' 
poitn  IVuD 
(.ivi-nijicHof 


miOtli,".  of 


ICOWhs  of 
U-u^th. 


Body: 

(Jn-atent  lu-i-'lil    

<  iff ntcat  wulth 

Heijiht  nt  vfutralrt 

Iieast  tioicbt  of  tail 

Length  of  caudal  iieduutlo 

Head: 

Oreatcst  Icnctli 

Greatest  width 

Width  of  ioterorbitnl  area 

Length  of  Hnoiit 

Lt-o^rth  of  oi«-rfultiiii ^ 

LeD>^h  of  uppt r  jaw 

]>D^h  of  maudiiilo 

Lonit  diameter  of  eyo 

Dorsal  (Hjiiiioua): 

Distance  fi-om  snout 

Len^h  of  base 

Len^hof  flTBt  snlno 

Length  of  second  8])ino 

L<iii;^hof  last  »i>ine 

Dorsal  (soft)  .- 

Lentrthof  base 

Len^b  of  anteceilent  siiiue 

Lenjith  of  first  niy 

Len^h  of  longest  ray 

Lenutbof  last'ray 

Ana!:  I 

Distance  fW)m  snout , 

Length  of  base I 

Length  of  first  spine 

Length  of  flrat  ray 

Length  of  longest  ray 

Caudal :  i 

Length  of  middle  rays I 

Len-^th  of  external  rays 

Pectoral :  ' 

Distanre  f^m  snout ' 

Length 

Ventral : 

Distance  from  snout .370 

Length .121 


.171) 

.187 

.lOll 

.107 

.17(1 

.177 

Am 

.  y:i*j 

.i:;u 

.140 

.2fi.> 

.  C(ir> 

.110 

.1i:j 

.  OlKi 

.060 

.Wi-2 

.otio 

.Of^i 

.0J»0 

.OTU 

.  WM\ 

.  (IH(I 

.  (17(1 

.OtfJ 

.073 

.280 

.276 

.■2'G 

.310 

.OCtl 

.0." 

.006 

.0.-.8 

.OvO 

.050 

.  24  J 

.2.% 

.OHJ 

.OOU 

.140 

.120 

.140 

.  I'-l) 

.040 

.570 

.600 

.220 

.233 

.0»0 

.004 

.130 

.120 

.130 

.120 

.110 

.117 

.137 

.134 

.300 

.300 

.100 

.160 

S57 


•  =  Pjfgottetu  oeeidentalU  (C.  &  V.)  Brcroort,  from  which  tbo  aroruges  were  taken. 

TahJe  of  MeaHuremeutH. 
Genus,  GaMttrotteiu. 


Ctirrent  number  of  specimen 


<  *Pungitiui    Pungititt*  ,IHanehardi  Saiivace 

\\  L.,  22,015  a.  I    L.,  22,015  fc.  (type)(3!»t  21,130. 


r^^^Mt^  ^  !  C'hrlstiiinin,  Norwav,  R. 

*'**^"*y il  K'tt. 


Col- 


BoHtOD.  IT.  S. 


MiUimetrL'S 

I     and  lOOtliB 
I      oflcuKeh. 


Extreme  Icnirtb  to  origin  of  middle  caudal  rays . . . '  33 

Lcsffth  to  end  of  external  caudal  rays 38 

Body: 

Greatest  height .18 

Greatest  wiiUh    I  .10 

Height  at  Tontrala .18 

Lewt  bfltsbt  of  tail I  .M 

ItngtttofoMulftl  peduncle .13 


Milliiiii'lres 
and  lOOths 
of  length,    i 


Millimetres  and  lOOtba 
of  Icii'^tb. 


.18    , 
.10    ' 

.18  ; 

.04 
.13 


.10 
.00 
.10 
.04 
.185 


IVi-lipiill 
Ycutnil 


Family,  MICROSTOMID^. 

28.  MaUotus  vUlosua  (MUIl.)  Cnv. 

MaUoUtB  viUoaus  Ricn.,  F.  B.  A.,  i;i,  1836,  p.  187. 

Signalized  from  Bathurst's  Inlet.  3Ir.  Ivumlien  mentions  "  small  her- 
ring-like fish  that  enter  the  sound  in  great  numbers  in  early  spring,  but 
soon  leave.  They  are  called  *  ice -fish'  by  the  whalers."  I  suppose  they 
belong  to  the  species  named  above. 

Family,  SALMONID^. 

29.  Salmo  salar  (Linn.)  GiiutUor. 

Stihno  salar  KcMLuix',  iu  lit. 

Mr.  Kundien  writes  me  that  this  salmon  was  obtained  in  qaantitieB  in 
the  Cumberland 'waters,  ami  that  he  recognized  at  least  two  spedesof 


FISHES.  135 

Salmo,  but  could  not  secure  specimens  that  were  not  si>lit  or  othei-wiso 
mutilated. 
Saheliiius  Xaresi  occurs  there,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  present  paper. 

30.  Balmo  Heamll  Rich. 

Sahno  JfraniH  Rich.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  183*5,  p.  1G7. 

The  species  was  described  from  the  Coppermine  River,  lat.  CT^  42^  y, 

31.  Etolvellnus  alipea  (Ricli.)  Gill  &.  Jonlau. 

Sabno  alipes  RiAi.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  !><:«>.  p.  161):  GCxTii.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1S77,  p.  476. 
Boothia  Felix  (Rich.) ;  Discover^'  IJay  (Giinth.). 

32.  SalveUnuB  nitldua  {Tlich.)  Gill  &  .TordaD. 

Salmo  nilidue  RiCiI.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  1««),  p.  171. 

The  species  was  described  from  Boothia. 

33.  SalveUnus  HoodU  (Kic-b.)  Gill  &  Jorduii. 

Sitlmo  Hoodii  Ricu.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  I'^JB,  p.  173. 

Richardson  described  it  from  Boothia  Felix. 

34.  SaWelinns  arctums  (Giinth.)  Gill  &  Jordan. 

Salmo  arctunts  GCxTii.  P.  Z.  S.,  1H77,  p.  294,  jd.  xxxii. 

Dr.  Giinther  established  the  si>e('ieR  upon  specimens  obtained  in  lat. 
S20  28'  X.  and  82°  34'  X. 

35.  Salvellnus  Naresl  (GUnther)  Bean. 

Salmo  yareni  GCstheii,  Proc.  Z(Mil.  Soc.  Lond.,  iii,  1877,  p.  476,  pL  L. 
23000      9  ■   Cnmberlaud  GiAf,  Aug.  1670.    Lieut.  W.  A.  Mintzer. 
SaOOOa.  5.   Cumberland  Gulf,  Ang.  1'<7G.    Lieut.  \V.  A.  Mintzer. 
22000  fc.  g.   Cumberland  Gulf,  Aug.  1876.    Lieut.  W.  A.  Mintzer. 

Of  this  small  charr,  Lieutenant  Mintzer  secured  the  above-named  speci- 
mens, and  labelle^l  them  "  Salmon  Trout."  Tlie  larger  of  the  two  females 
<M>ntaiDS  well-developed  ova,  some  of  which  are  free  in  the  cavity  of  the 
abdomen.  The  8i)ecies  agrees  very  closely  with  Dr.  (>iinther*s  descrip- 
tion of  K  SaresL  The  descrii>tion  and  table  of  measurements  which 
follow  will  affonl  a  means  of  estimating  the  coixectness  of  an  identifica- 
tion which  records  the  species  about  20  degrees  south  of  the  locality  from 
'Which  it  was  originally  described. 

Description. — ^The  greatest  heiglit  of  the  body  is  contained  i>  times  in 
the  total  length  without  caudal,  and  equals  twice  the  length  of  the  upper 
jaw.  The  height  at  the  veiitrals  equals  the  distance  from  the  tip  of  the 
snout  to  the  nape.  The  least  height  of  the  caudal  pedimcle  equals  the 
length  of  the  middle  caudal  rays. 

The  greatest  length  of  the  head  is  contained  4J  times  in  total  length 
without  caudal,  and  about  equals  twice  the  length  of  the  ba.se  of  the  llr.st 


im 


KATUIUL    HISTORY    OF    AHCTIC   AMEKICiL 


<lorsal  fiJi.  The  gi-catest  widtli  of  tlio  liyilil  18  n  litUe  k-sH  Lliuii  linlf  itj 
kn^'tli.  The  dbtuuco  between  tlie  eye*  lmiiiuIs  tbcir  locg  diiimet<*r mul 
lialf  thci  length  of  tLe  mandible.  The  length  of  tlie  Kuout  wiuals  hiilf 
tVie  len;5th  of  the  middle  caudal  niys.  The  long^tli  uf  tht*  openriilnu 
er|iialrt  the  distance  between  the  eyes.  The  length  of  the  npi^M  jaw  j^ 
contained  fiTim  10  to  11  times  iii  total  length  without  I'luidid^  uud  tjtt' 
leng-tb  of  the  numdible  IJ  times.  The  dj^jtauco  from  the  snout  totlic 
orbit  is  \  or  neai^ly  J  of  the  distance  from  tlic  same  i»t>int  to  the  hjweof 
the  ijectorai  The  long  diameter  of  tbe  eye  equal«s  i  of  tins  gnalinsH 
height  of  the  body.  The  teeth  are  arranged  just  as  in  the  fipectmetts 
examined  and  described  by  IJr.  Giinther. 

The  diHtnnee  of  the  first  dorssil  Ixom  the  tiji  of  tlio  .snont  euu;il*  J  i"f 
tlie  di.stance  of  the  anal  from  the  Rame  point,  and  is  eoTitnine<l  ii}  tirrHW 
in  total  length  ivithoiit  caudal.  The  length  of  the  base  of  the  first  dorsd 
is  contained  S.V  to  0  times  in  total  length  without  ^muhil,  and  of  it* 
longest  i-ay,  7  times. 

The  adipose  dorsal  Is  ]>laced  at  a  distance  troni  tb4?  tip  of  (lieKfjoiil, 
etjuul  to  f  of  the  total  length,  exclusive  of  the  caudal.  Its  height  fthoat 
eqnab  the  distance  from  the  suout  to  the  orbit* 

The  distanee  of  the  £iu£Llfit>m  the  iinout  equahi  ^  of  the  totiil  lengtliOK 
before  L[je:isiii'ed.  The  length  of  the  anal  base  equals  half  the  lea^tlj  of 
the  head  in  the  larger  female,  and  iV  of  total  length  in  the  smaller. 
The  longest  ray  of  the  anal  equals  twice  the  distance  between  tlie  eyes, 
and  the  last  ray  equals  half  the  length  of  the  base  of  the  first  dorsal 

The  length  of  the  midle  caudal  rays  is  contained  2  J  times  in  the  length 
of  the  external  rays  and  12J  times  in  total  length. 

The  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  base  of  the  i)ectoral 
equals  twice  the  greatest  width  of  the  head.  The  length  of  the  i)ectoral 
equals  the  distance  from  the  snout  to  the  nape.  The  flu  Mhcn  exteudeJ 
falls  short  of  the  vertical  through  the  origiu  of  tho  first  doi*sal  by  about 
one-third  of  its  own  length. 

The  distance  of  the  ventral  from  the  tip  of  tJie  snout  equals  3  tinies 
the  length  of  the  i)ectoral.  Tho  length  of  the  ventral  equals  J  of  total 
length.  Tlie  ventral  terminates  at  a  distance  from  the  vent  equal  to  the 
least  height  of  the  caudal  peduncle. 

Ii'adial/ormuIa.^B.  10?  to  11?  ;  D.  13;  A.  11;  P.  15  to  IG;  V.  I,  0. 

C(vca  })i/Ionca. — In  the  larger  female,  28. 

The  coloration  cannot  be  made  out  accurately.  There  are  a  few  small 
spots  on  tins  iside  of  the  body,  which  now  api>ear  white,    ran-  marka  a» 


FISHES. 


137 


present  in  ail  the  examples,  and  yet  there  is  excellent  reason  for  believ- 
ing the  largest  specimen  at  least  mature. 

In  the  measurements  the  unit  of  comparison  is  the  length  to  the  origin 
ttf  the  middle  caudal  rays.  The  figure  of  S*  Nare»i  is  employed,  and 
the  agreement  between  that  and  the  Cumberland  Gulf  specimens  is 
striking. 

Tahh  of  Mm^uremcntn. 


Uurrcut  number  of  Bpocimen. 
Locality 


22.000,  9. 


CunilM-rlaul 


2:;,iK>oo,  ?. 


22.000  b,  rf. 


Cuinlx'rhiinl    j    t'linilK'iL'md 
Gull".  I  tiulf. 


lOOtllH 


Milli- 


MiUi- 


Extn^mo  lenfrth — 

LoD^^li  tu  ot'l^m  of  middle  caudal 
rara 

'Greatest  hcleht 

<irt'ate«t  width 

height  at  veotrals 

LeoAt  bbigUt  of  tail 

Head: 

Greatest  length 

Distance  from  snout  to  nape . . . 

tJrpatfst  width 

AVidth  of  interorbital  area 

LeuRth  of  snout 

I^n^h  uf  operculum 


I^nfhh  of  upper  jaw. 


LcDfjith  of  mandlt 

Distance  flrom  snout  to  orbit. 

Lfrng  diameter  of  eye 

Dorsal  (first) : 

DistJincc  fWim  snout 

length  of  huso. 

L*ugth  of  longest  ray 

Dorsal  (adiirase) : 

Distanco  from  snout 

Lt-ncthof  baso 

lleiaht 

Anal: 

Distance  from  snout 

length  ofbaso 

Ix-ngtlLuf  longest  ray 

I,4^ngthuf  last  ruy 

Caudal : 

Length  of  middle  rays 

Length  of  external  rays 

Pectoral : 

Distance  ftom  snout 

Length 

Ventral : 

Distance  from  snout 

Length 

Vent  from  tip  <»  f  ventrals 

Braucliioate^s 

UorHul 

Anal 

I'ectwml 

Ventral 

Numt>er  of  ciecal  appendages  .... 


139 
120 


20 
12 
17 

23 
17 
11 

4 

/'* 

111 

1:1 


12 
13 

5* 


18 
121 


lit 

i:j 
11 

16 

I.fl 

2tj 


10! 
13 
11 
1.-. 
1,0 


loot  ha 

of 
leuiith. 


Milli- 

mtrtu-a. 


74 


10 

111 
1:. 

6 

23 

17 

^ 


0 

13 
54 
6 

40 
11 
14 

80 


13 

n 

14 
I.O 

27 


lOOths 

of 
lentith. 


Fig.  ofS.A'flf. 
csi  in  r.  Z.  S.. 
iii.  ls77,pl.  L. 


MiUi- 

metres. 


7 

10^ 

14 


10 


197 

172 


lOOtbs 

of 
lengtlk 


42 


1»J 


Id 

8k 


40 
12 
12 


It) 


lU 

M 

12* 


Family,  CLUPEID^E. 
36.  Clupea  barengos  Lion. 

Clapta  harengtu  Rich.,  F.  B.  A.,  iii,  IB36,  p.  231. 

Bichardson  mentions  the  occurrence  of  the  herring  at  Bathurst's  Inlet> 
•70  K^  1090  W. 


I 

I 

I 

i 


37.  Saccopbar^DX  flageUum  Mitch. 

OphiogtiatiiiiH  atupuUmrufi  Haiewo<>i>,  Phil-  Trsma.,  1*37,  p.  49,  pT.  7  {Me  Kieh.f. 
i'iaccapkai'^nj:  amputtaixa^  Eicn.,  ¥.  B,  A,,  iii,  1B30,  p.  'i7U 

"  Tlio  imlividual  dcsciibed  by  Dr.  nanpood,  niea^aring  four  feet  Mil 
a  half  in  length,  "^as  captiu-ed  in  tlie  entrance  of  Diivis  Strait,  by  Cap- 
tain Sawyer,  of  the  sbip  Ilarmony." — liicn.,  L  c, 

U*  8.  Natiosai*  McsEUm,  Jjjn7  U,  1879. 


StrPPLE3ilE?JTAliY  NOTE. — Tlio  tlescription  of  a  species  of  Cottm  £rt>m 
the  tJuitctl  States  by  Snuvago*  has  just  come  to  my  notice.  Tlio  s!il>' 
ject  of  the  description  and  figure  is  undoubtedly  the  Cottun  imeju  of 
lilitchill. 

May  20,  l&Tff. 

K   — :2 

■  •  V9itti8  {Amnihocoiiit^)  awwpsi  Sauvaoe,  Konv.  Aicbir.  du  MoaSttm  il'Hiatoire  SiitO' 


CRUSTACEA 


By  S.  I.  Smith. 


The  followiog  crustaceans  were  all  collected  in  the  Gulf  of  Cumber- 
land. 

Cnuigon  boreu  J.  C.  Fabriciua  (Phipps). 

A  female  (No.  145)  110°>»  in  length,  "  Niantilic  Island,"  September  24, 
1877. 

Blppdyte  Orcenlandlca  MierB  (J.  C.  Fabricins). 

Two  females :  one  (Xo.  1644)  100°™  in  length,  from  stomach  of  Cottue 
scorpim,  September  6, 1878 ;  the  other  (No.  207)  80'»°»  long,  from  stom- 
ach of  sculpin  (Ko.  150),  1877. 

nppoljrte  Fabrioli  Kruyer. 

A  female  (Ko.  637),  52°"  long,  7  fathoms,  tide-hole,  "Annanactook 
Island,"  June,  8, 1878^  and  a  male  (No.  862),  42'"°»  in  length,  head  of 
Cumberland  Gulf,  June  29, 1878. 

Oammams  locnsta  J.  C.Fabricias  (=G.  ornatus  Milne-Edwarde). 

"Penny  Harbor,  latitude  66^"  (No.  225),  October  4, 1877;  "Arctic  Isl- 
and," low  water  (No.  65),  September  13, 1877  j  "Annanactook  Harbor" 
(No.  576),  June  20, 1878. 

Amatbilla  Sabini  Bate  and  Weetwood  (Loach). 

Heatl  of  Cumberland  Gulf  (No.  86) ;  "  Annanactook  Harbor"  (Nos.  584 
and  693),  4  fathoms,  June  19, 1878;  (No.  685),  Cumberland  Gulf. 

Byperla  medaaanun  Bate  (O.  F.  MUller). 
"Annanactook  Harbor,"  No.  586,  June  19, 1878. 

CapreUa  aeptentrionalla  Kruyer. 

"Annanactook  Harbor"  (No.  583),  "caught  through  crack  in  ice,  4 
fathoms,  on  kelp,"  May  19, 1878;  "Grave  Island  beach"  (Nos.  626  and 
627),  June  27, 1878;  (No.  420). 

Iidpaa  fasoionlaxla  Ellis  and  Solander. 

Cumberland  Gulf,  at  surface. 

139 


■) 


ANNELIDES. 


By  a.  E.  Vebkill. 


ANNELIDA. 


Hannothod  Imbricata  (L.)  Malmgren. 

Penny  Harbor,  Cinnberland  Gulf,  low-water,  October  4, 1877,  lot  230. 
Head  of  gulf,  on  gravel  beach,  May  28,  and  June  1, 1878,  lots  (U2,  600, 
aiicl6C4. 

ITereia  pelagica  Linn^. 

Penny  Harbor,  Cumberland  Gulf,  lat.  60°,  low-water,  October  4  and 
6, 1877,  lota  221,  222, 237.  Head  of  gulf,  on  gravel  beach.  May  28, 1878, 
lot  642. 

Vhyllodoce  Ordnlandlca  (Ersted  (f). 

A  Specimen  in  bad  state  of  preservation.    Cumberland  Gulf. 

Penny  Harbor,  low-water,  October  4,  1877.  Head  of  Cumberland 
<jolf,  gravel  beach,  low- water,  May  28, 1878. 

Ciatanidea  granulata  (LiniifS)  Malmgrun. 
Cumberland  Gulf,  low- water. 

^Thaleptui  cinoianatos  (Fabr.)  Vcrrill. 

Amphitrite  cinannata  Fabr.,  Faiiiin  Grunl.,  p.  286, 1780. 

Thelepus  circinnatua  Malmgrkx,  Konliuka  Hnfs-Aiinulntor,  in  Ofvcrsijjt  af 
Kongl.  Vet.-Aknd.  Forhandl.  18G5,  p.  387,  pi.  xxii,  fig.  58  (Hpcciflc  name  in- 
correctly spelled). 

Lumarajlava  Stimpson,  Inveit.  of  Grand  Manan,  p.  30,  18r>3. 

Cumberland  Gulf.  Common  on  the  American  coast  south  to  Capo 
Cod,  and  in  deeper  water  as  far  as  Long  Island  Sound. 

Halmgren  and  several  other  recent  writers  have  erroneously  written 
the  name  of  this  species  ^^circinnatus.^ 

141 


142 


35AmUL  HldTORY  OP   ARCH 


Visiy  aimmuR  in  CiuulvrLiml  KiM^  ihi  iwd 
low-waia  B»9  £i2biiiu*:  Fenny  IJartior,  CN'tn 


1 


Gull  luw-mitci.    Ouc  «|>ccua<: 

GErnvKKx' 

A  bu^v  sp«viiucn„  about  (J  im'litrjs  lou;;,  frcME 
lu  t'lualterLciotl  iHitiniU  Svptemlier  0,  1.S7S  (lot 
tlib>|MdMa. 

Tutal  Wnxtli  1^)*^;  aitimetvr  nf  ImhIv,  11 
ftiHU  uuttl  o|Wiuug  to  Will,  112"™\  Botly  largr* 
IHMjtcriorly,  with  u  tOif^ht  mutuinilUi  ut  the  riii ; 
iill^'  iuco  thn  {iro1>iKici.4»  wKiieli  is  long  aud  Ik^ 
i-tttL  TUe  sarfttcc  ftppuai!*  iieurly  smo**tb  to  t 
ttiv  moiv  or  lees  inx'^ruiar  transversa  wnuklRs 
l'U4l<*r  a  U*ns  it  in  swn  to  hu  everywhvrv^  lit 
Mntt  ^triatixt,  ami  tii  many  part.s  redi'uliited  v^' 
while  sntall,  tU'i>nwK4.'tU  .siiclcer-Hke  ar;2:aiis  are 
ul"  thi'  UmIv  ;uuI  IniSL*  uf  the  pi*obosui.i;  n{  ilii 
Hu^  km^ptUiUnal  wnnkW:!^  liet^ome  Oistiiict  groo 
\^tth  ivw'K  Lil^  Kuvkern  liet^een  them,  anil  tlio  < 
IIm"  iulitt-rtpac^^  »U*  couspioiiotts.  The  prnho^ 
Mttl  UiH^kx,  ami  i--*  ?!miM»thi"r  than  the  lnjily, 
(kun^XftM*  litihtiT  rtnti  diirkt-r  bauilis  of  col 
jlK'IkU'I.  liUirniilly  the  two  doi^al retnictors 
U4«uul  tliv  uinil  oiK^uiuj;,  thi-lr  ba^e^  bein^  wi 
■|*Kv  v%>Mla»l  ivti-aoloi-s,  urisiif',''  ni-ar  the  miih 
AwU  Hi*>Ml,  Nvitli  tlirii-  thii  k  busos  rlosi-  t<i;:ttl» 

iJli'i*  i«|t4<ibiii^.H  S4timnvh:it  in  jitlviintv  of  Ihc  <n- 
tM(Mr«ht>^u  uii  iht^  t^itleti.     IiitLv^tiiie  vi 
»^u^s  ttu'tfcs,  lUliu^the  posterior  pa 
rjsinti  vithiminotifi^  HtUTOiitKliii^'  1 


ANNELIDES.  143 

transverse  muscle  i^asses  from  the  rectum  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  body, 
and  the  rectum  is  attached  to  the  adjacent  wall  by  a  large  bimiUe  of 
muscular  fibers.  Muscles  of  the  body- wall  form  a  continuous  layer,  with- 
out distinct  fascicles. 

XEMERTIXA. 

Amphipoxiui  StimpBoni  Verrill. 

Ommat6plea  St'tmpaoni  Girard,  in  Stimpsou,  Invert,  of  Grand  Manan,  p.  28,  fig. 
18,  1853. 

Gravel  beach,  low-water,  Cumberland  Gulf,  June  1,  1878,  lot  C63. 
"  Color,  deep  puri)lisli  brown  above,  lilac  beneath."  Also  from  reef  in 
Penny  Harbor,  October  5, 1877,  lot  222. 

AmpUporus,  Bp. 

Bwly  thick,  depressed,  somewhat  tapered  to  both  ends,  25""  to  35"™ 
long,  as  contracted  in  alcohol.  Ilead  with  a  small  roundish  cluster  of 
minute  ocelli  on  the  pale  anterolateral  margins.  Neck  with  a  slightly 
marked  transverse  groove,  converging  backward  in  form  of  a  V,  on  the 
dorsal  surface.  Color,  in  alcohol,  dark  bluish  green ;  the  under  surface 
and  margins  of  bead  yellowish  white.    In  life,  "bright  pea-green." 

Penny  Harbor,  Cumberland  Gulf,  lat.  G6o,  October  4, 1877,  lot  225. 
Arctic  Island,  low-water,  September  13, 1877,  lot  66. 


MOLLUSKS 


LIST  OF  SHELLS  OBTAINED  BT  MR.  LCDWIG  KUMLIEN,  NATUEALIST  TO  THE  HOWGATE 
EXPEDITION,  1877-78,  AT  POINTS  IN  CUMBERLAND  SOrND,  ARCTIC  REGIOKS,  WEST 
EROM  BAFFIN'S  BAY. 


By  W.  H.  Pall. 


The  locality  at  which  the  schooner  Florence,  conveying  the  paxty, 
made  her  winter  quarters,  according  to  Mr.  Kumlien*s  report,  was  not 
favorable  for  extensive  collections  in  any  department. 

The  prevalence  of  ice  in  the  irregularities  of  the  sound  and  other  cir- 
cumstances, especially  the  abnipt  and  rocky  character  of  the  shores, 
rendered  it  difficidt  to  obtain  specimens  of  invertebrates,  which  in  point 
of  fact  were  all  collected  at  a  few  small  areas  of  beach,  some  of  which 
were  a  long  distance  from  winter  quarters. 

Nevertheless,  when  the  difficulties  are  considered,  the  results  are  very 
creditable  to  Mr.  Kumlien's  energy  and  perseverance,  and  are  not  with- 
out value  for  the  study  of  geographical  distribution. 

The  number  of  specimens  is  small;  but  twenty-four  species  are  rei>re- 
sented,  some  of  which  were  also  obtained  by  a  party  luider  Lieuteuant 
Mintzer,  U.  S.  X.,  who  explored  for  minerals  in  nearly  the  same  region 
a  year  or  two  previous  to  the  visit  of  the  Florence. 

As  was  to  be  expected,  none  of  the  species  are  new:  ModioUirUi  Jala 
Fabr.,  whicli  has  almost  been  lost  sight  of  by  naturalists,  and  Glt/ci- 
meris  Ktirriana  Dkr.,  a  species  whose  validity  has  been  much  questione<l, 
were  among  the  most  interesting  forms  obtained. 

The  species  are  as  follows  (those  with  an  asterisk  are  represented  by 
only  one  or  two  specimens,  and  only  Buccinum  grmlandicuin  was  at  all 
numerous): 

* Ommastreplim  iUecehrosa,  Lesueur. 

*  Buceinum  glaeiaUj  Linne. 

*  Buccinum  ciliatumj  Fabr.,  var.  MoUerij  Eve. 
*Buc€inum  humplireyHlanum^  Bennett  (probably). 

*  Buccinum  belcheri,  live. 

Bull,  is'at.  Mus.  Xo.  15 10  "5 


KATlTHAt   HISTOHY   OF    ARCTIC   AMERICA. 
Buocinum  tenebrommj  Uaiieock,  (typical)* 

•  TropJum  trtrnnttuHj  Strum. 
Margarita  unihiitmliSf  Brotl.  &  Sby. 
Margaritfi  hcUcina^  Tabr,,  vars, 
Litoritta  gronhndicttj  March. 

AfioliiUa  pajyiUosa^  Linn^. 

•  Pcitdronotita  reyttoHnUj  CoutUouy. 
Mtfa  trifncatft^  Lma^. 

•  Oli/cimeris  KurrianQf  Dkr,    Ou  mud  fiiata. 

^AsUirtff  horealinj  Gray  j  attaclied  to  kelp. 
^TnrtoHia  iHimttn^  Fabn;  in  neiSt  ot  Modiolaria, 
JfodioUttia  hvrifi^taj  Gray. 

Modhlaria  {Ct'encUit)  fcthaj  Fabr. 

Chiton  (ToHtcethx)  $mtr»iorcaj  Fabr. 

Jihi/nchoHcUa  psittacm^  Fischer  j  dead  broken  valves,  apparently  dis- 
Uorsed  by  »ome  bird,  were  foimd  on  the  Jxtlls  at  a  considerablo  diaUDce 
fVom  tlio  Rta.  Thuy  are  evidently  not  foseilj  and  are  probably  to  b« 
found  living  in  suitable  places  at  low-water  mark. 

NovKMbKU  26,  1878. 


rv 


MOLLrSCOIDS 


BT  a.   E,   VERfltLL. 


TUNICATA. 

Asctdiopsla  complanata  Verrill. 

AuruUa  a/tnplaiiatu  KABit.,  Faiinii  GrunluntUca^  p.  332,  1780.— Yeb RILL,  AmeT. 

tJoarn.  Sci.  i.p.i»H,ltr7^  fig.  H. 
Jtcidia  caVota  Stimi'SON,  Invert,  of  GratKl  Mnniin.p.  10,  IS5Q. 
McidSopKis  aimplaaata  Vkuiulx^  Amer.  Jonrn.  Sci.  iii,  p.  3^,  pi.  vUi,  f.  8, 1879; 

Boiiie  of  the  young  speciuieus  are  translucent  ]mle  olive;  others  are 

fk-r,  with  a  dark  olive-browuj  thicker,  and  rougher  test.  It  appears 
be  the  ujont  coiumou  species.  It  is  bruadly  attached  by  oue  side, 
obliiinely,  and  both  tubes  are  on  the  upper  side,  near  one  end.  They 
are  both  short  and  broad. 

Tx)t  No.  235»  Penny  Uarbor,  Cuml>erhind  Gulf,  at  low-water,  Octo- 
ber 4,  1877.  No.  502j  head  of  Cumberland  Gulf,  attaehed  to  roots 
of  kelp,  May  10^  1878.  >'o.  505,  Cumberland  Gulf,  May,  1.S78.  Xo.664, 
head  of  Cumberland  Gulf,  on  gravel  l>each,  June  1,  1878. 

Halocyntbia  VorriU  =  Cynthia  tfavigny  (won  Fubr.,  leOd). 

The  narue  Cjfntfiia  having  been  preoccupie<l,  and  no  otiier  tenalilo 
uiinie  haviug  lK*eu  given  to  the  group,  1  i>roiK)se  to  substitute  Hah- 
c^nihia  lor  the  typical  section  of  8avigny's  genus,  characterized  by  the 
^kinro  ui>ertures,  eoDipouud  tentacular  appendages  of  the  mantle,  and 
»ae  development  of  two  ovaries-  The  other  sulnlivisions  established 
by  Savigny  appear  to  be  of  generic  value,  in  the  modern  sense. 

Ralooyothia  nutioa  Verrill. 

AHciiiia  FHttiw  LiXKt. — FABRicrcs,  Kuima  Gruulandica,  p.  330, 17t^,jMri. 
A»cidia  movoctroi  MOlu^r,  Kroyer's  Niiturhtst.  Tidi^k.,  vol.  iv,  p.  !>&,  1843. 
Aftidiu  condifhmttta  Packaiw,  Mem.  Bo8tou  Soc.  Nat.  HUt.,  1.  p.  277.  If^. 
Cjfntkia  moHoeero€  Verr:t.l,  Amer.  Jouni.  ScL,  vol.  1,  p.  93, 1871. 

►Istiuguished  by  the  irregular,  uneqtml  warts  and  tubercles  of  the 

•face,  the  larger  ones  mostly  situated  above  the  middle,  and  by  the 

^rc  or  less  pi'omineut  subeonical  tubercle  at  the  summit,  between  the 

of  the  tubes.    This  terminal  tul)crele  is  often  surmounted  by  »ev- 

i\  hard  chitiuous  {Hiiuts,  and  iu  the  young  a  similar  inunt  often  occim 

14T 


148  .lATl-QAX.  HIStOttT  OF  AfiCTBC 


am  some  of  tU«  ocbvr  tnbertrl4»h    Tlte  fosm  ^  tt 

itylimlmul.  titten  two  itiidtflB  or  more  iii^  aaM.m»^m 

iiiwtfrTiiiiiii  in  nlonJii>l     the  tubes  ato  toa^il ^lA  Ai«^9n&.  Cii^j 

TlM  v«ty  yiiitog  s|>iwiiiii!fls  oie  luw  and  oead^ 
UBttTly  iuoutich.  ■ 

!r  TTT  nmimnii  tn  Thr  ftnnut  Bnnltr,  irhrni  if  fnn  »  >  >1>  mt    Ji* 
Iuk0  not  Itein  flMiml  4m  tk«  Sta*  Sh^uiid  HMutf. 

Lo(  X«k  3U:!,  kM«a  oC  Cimb^rltiiMl  UoU;  attactal  t»  bmi»  4^U^ 
Mi«y  UK  LSTS,    BuUi  oilidft  aiHl  tviumc. 


t>kklfl  «BteMM  doaOk,  BivMte  otiltaiul  SiBoa,  S».  Sl^  IBM.— ftsxsf;  n  G^ 

XaK  Kik  31W,  Ciuub%»riaiia  Gulf.  Maiy  10^  1S7$. 

Bi<siUv»  tbt>  twatpittiM  of  tliift  (>^Da9  bruugltt  humti  hj  tbm  ijjiii 
tiuii^  Uktt  ft»Uuwiii|r  wvor  tua  tlw  Aiuerinui  eoajst  emctIi  o€  Gipe  Otl; 
if ,  jnyiV^NnHiM  (ttttthlL»)»  S«HiliiftnL  >Vw  Ea^rkml  to  Greenlaiid;  AfS- 
(m«»  ( Fnibr,),  i^boiw  J^Mttf  odt  tike  prccwliiig,  Labrador  to  Gneraliad; 
F.  tMftnvf^MM  (IfUbr.)  V  €!ynalii» etuuM  (Af .)  VernJJ  =  aplm^tmia  t^dtM 
;utl  i,.\*»uu:^\  i';ipc  1\hI  tv»  i»rivulun<l ;  H.  jjuJchella  Verrill  (as  Cyntkii^ 
E.t^riKur,  Mo..  ti»  Vli;uul  lUiuksi;  IL  jfttriita  (Stimp.),  Massachasett; 
Bay  to  NoitU  i'aiolina. 

l\>lAZOA. 

Crisia  eburuea  .  I  .    I  .iitiotuv>n\. 

*.Tu!t'  of  Cmiilvilaiul.     Om^  spt'iiuu'ii. 

Diastopora  patztiA    t  .nn  ^  ^mitt. 

AntuuiiRtook    U;uIhu-.  on   lnnniutrid^  7  tUtboms,  May  19;   and  on 
H'tWi/i'thut  nt.^fU-it,  ht«cul  »>r  riimUoiliuul  GiiIfT  May  5, 1878. 

Alcyonidiam mjtill  IKiU.vI. 
iiiilt'tn'  CuiiiUorl.tuil.  ou  iil^.i'.     (MMltlmab,  Greenland,  on  carapas  of 

IIi/f(i  (ira/u'us. 

Oemellaria  loricata  ^I.uuu'^  Uu^k  :  Smiit. 

fiiimUnrui  dnii>n^'i  ^irmi'M'N.  lnv*nt.  i.>t't;n»ml  Mamin. 

Speeimeu.s  throe  inehes  lii^'h,  IVMiiiy  Harbor,  Cumberland  Gulf,  low- 
waji^^^ober  4, 1877,  lots  l*l'G  ami  :.'a8,  covered  Trith  fry  of  CreneUa 


SlOLLl'SCOIDS. 


149 


*      0«UjuiA  aitlcttiata  Smitt,  ex  Fabriciua. 

ISalicorHaria  horcaUa  Busk. 
Cellaria  horcalU  Smitt,  Ofversigt  of  Kougl.  Vet.-AkaJ.  Foih.  IflfiT.  i>.  MI,  t^b. 
XX,  fig,  17,  18G7. 
On  Ualocynthia  ruaticaj  attached  to  rooU  of  Lamina ria. 
Head  of  Cumberland  Gulf,  May  19,  1S78,  lot  592.     SomL>  of  tlio 
gl)ecimcus  are  very  young,  with  only  a  single  chivato  joint ;  others  are 
nearly  two  inches  high,  and  beginning  to  branch. 

Membranlpora  Sophiae  Lnsk. 

^    "With  the  last  (lot  592).    Also  from  Annauactook  Harbor,  May  lOj' 
fWl878j  on  roots  of  Laminaria^  7  fathoms. 

(jBacbarifla  ansata  (Jolinst.)  Gray. 
I  JfoUia  ratgarigf  fonna  an»aia  Smitt^  Oversigt  of  KoDgL  Vctcn^knpa-Akiul.  Fuih. 

f  18l»7,  p.  14,  lab.  XXV,  f.  7S-f3,  l^iT. 

Several  spe<'imena  occurred  on  the  roots  of  Laminarioj  7  fathoms,  An- 
aanactook  Harbor,  May  19, 1878  (lot  597).     Some  agree  with  the  var. 
tuMota  Smitt  [Lepntlia  amata  Johnst.),  but  in  most  cases  there  ai^  well- 
Icveloped  calcareons  i)apiUm  near  the  sides  of  the  apertures  as  in  the 
rur*  pajfillata. 
I  adopt  the  generic  name  Ettcharina  given  by  Mihie  Edwanls  to  a 
mji,  including  the  present  species,  in  1835  (in  LamaiX'k,  An.  sans 
^ert.,  ed.  2,  vol.  ii.  pp.  218,  230),  and  for  which  ho  cited  as  the  type  E. 
tlgatis  (Moll.).    Dr.  Gray  (List  Brit.  Aniujals  in  British  Museum,  i>, 

1124, 184^)  also  restricted  the  name  to  the  same  and  closely  allied  spe* 
fcies.     Dr.  Smitt,  however,  united  this  group  with  mppoihoa^  which 
Kems  to  be  a  sufficienty  distinct  genus. 
I  The  restricted  genns  EscharhM,  as  I  limit  it,  is  characterized  by  the 
■rell-marked  median  sinus  of  the  nijeitures  of  the  zoscia,  together  with 
pie  lateral  avicuhiria,  usually  develojied  near  one  or  both  sides  of  the 
apertures.    The  mode  of  growth  is  usually  Lepralia-likc,  but  may  also 
^^»e  Escharine.     It  is  therefore  e<]uivalent,  or  nearly  so,  to  the  genos 
w^fchiznjiordhj  recently  pn>posed  by  Uincks  for  the  same  typical  species. 
The  genus  Eitcharoidcs,  proposed  by  Edwards  in  the  same  work,  has 
lH»en   incorrectly  used  by  some  writers;   for  although  Gniy  re- 
trictcd  it,  in  1848,  to  one  of  the  original  species,  E.  ntccinca  (Abildg.), 
lus  making  it  eqiiivalent,  in  part,  to  J>{ni'opora  Smith,  the  last  named 
iter  has  applied  it  to  a  group,  typified  by  E.  roHucea^  not  inelutled  by 
[wards.    As  the  name  should  l>e  restored,  in  accordance  with  Gray'a 
Imitation,  I  ha\'e  proposed  els^'whcn*  the  naunr  KmhnropHitt,  as  a  substi» 
Lte  for  EschatottUit  of  Smitt,  including  two  Northern  Atlantic  si>ecies 


XATIHAL   HISTORY    OF   ARCTIC    AMERICA, 


I 


(E.  lobata  (Lauix.)==J^.  Snrsii  Bmitt,  and  ^.  rfwn«*ff ),  both  common  \u  t!i« 
Gulf  of  St.  Ijawrencc*  This  genus^  with  an  Kj^charine  growtii»  baa  aper- 
tures  much  as  in  Esclmrinaj  except  that  the  lateral  avknlaria  are  silu* 
ated  Tvithin  their  boi^dera  by  the  side  of  the  sinus, 

DimoporOi  Lam.j  following  Edwards,  tjhould  be  reatrit'ted  to  forms  like 
D,  Slettei,  with  mediau  ayiculaiia^  the  tyi>©  of  Lamarck  being  D.  terrH- 
com  J  a  species  closely  related  to  D.  Skene  t,  but  uot  the  dUepora  vtrru- 
msa  of  Esper,  a  very  diflerent  form,  to  which  Gray  enoncously  restricti'^ 
this  generic  name. 

Celleporella  hjaUna  fL.t  Qa^-g. 

MoUia  htf^Und  SmitTj  oj*.  cit.  p.  IP,  tab.  xsv,  f,  ^4,85, 
Miiypothoa  /iytWi«fl  Bmitt,  Florida  Bryoioju. 

Very  common,  Annanactook -Harbor,  7  fathoms,  on  Zftminariaj  'Mu.y 
10,  and  0  fiithouis.  May  20, 1878,  lot  570.  Penny  Harbor,  low-water,  on 
Margarita  hcJklm^  October  4, 1877,  lot226.  Gravel  beach,  Iiead  of  Gtilf 
of  Ctimberland,  May  28^  ISTS^  lot  €42,  and  on  Hulocynthia  naUca,  lot 
572,  May  19. 


I. 


RADIATES. 


By  a.  £.  Vebrill. 


ECHJDfODERMATA. 

Pdntaota frondoaa  J»ger (Gonner,  sp). 

Cuoumariafrondo$a  Forbes,  Brit.  Starfishes,  1841.— Dl'Bex  and  Koren,  1844. 
One  large  Bpecimen,  Godthaab,  Greenland,  August  11, 1878. 

Btrongylooentrotns  DrdbachiensiB  A.  Agassiz. 

Penny  Harbor,  Gulf  of  Cumberland,  reef  atlowwater,  October,  4, 1877, 
lot  420. 

Leptaaterlas  Grdnlandica  Verrill. 

Asteracanthion  GrSnUmdicu^  Steenst. — LCxKENjOversigtoverGronlandsEchino- 
dermata,  p.  29,  1857. 

Head  of  Gulf  of  Cumberland,  Niantilie  Harbor,  lot  144 ;  low-water, 
September  25, 1877,  lot  179;  Arctic  Island,  lot  66;  Penny  Harbor,  lat. 
660,  at  low-water,  October  4, 1877,  lot  224 ;  also  same  locality,  lot  290. 

Leptasterias  MtiUexi  Verrill,  1866. 

J$teracanthhn MttlUriSARBt  Fauns  Lttt.  Norveg.,  i,  p.  i36,  f.  38,39;  Orersigt  nf 
Korges  Ecluiiodermer,  p.  88. 

Annanactook  Harbor,  4  fathoms.  May  19, 1878,  lot  580. 

Stepbanaaterlaa  albnla  Verrill. 

Aateracanthion  aUmlHt  Stimpson,  Invert,  of  Grand  Manan,  p.  14,  fig.  5,  1853. 
Asteracantkion  prohlema  Steexstbvp.—LCtxen,  op.  cit.  p.  30. 

Common  in  Cumberland  Gulf.  Gravel  beach  at  the  head  of  the  gulf, 
etc  The  only  lot  with  the  date  remaining  is  649,  May  30, 1878.  With 
lot  726  is  the  following  note :  "  Dull  lilac  above,  yellowish  white  l)eneath." 

All  the  specimens  are  young,  with  the  rsij's  irregular  in  length  and 
Tariable  in  nnmber. 

The  genus  Stepkanasterias,  proposed  by  me  for  this  species  several 
years  ago,  is  characterized  by  a  i)eculiar  stnicture  of  the  skeleton  and 
spines  as  well  as  by  its  remarkable  method  of  fission,  so  well  elucidated 
by  Dr.  Liltken.  When  adult,  there  are  usually  six  regular  equal  rays, 
SQeh  specimens  becoming  four  or  five  inches  in  diameter.  But  in  smaller 
qpeounensy  still  undergoing  self-division,  there  are  usually  two  to  four 

151 


152  NATITRAL    HIKTORY    OF   ARCTIC    AMERICA, 

longer  rays,  with  tliret*  to  five  sUoiler  reproduced  ra^R on  one  wdu.  The 
rays  are  ixjuntied,  and  imiforinly  covered  with  small  chut<?r»l  tqiiiLulm^ 
arraDged  in  divergent  groupa  on  i'ni(^h  pbitc.  TL»?  idates  are  ivgulariv 
airangedj  both  ti*aiifciTti'seiy  aud  longitudinally,  and  n^ore  cloH**ly  uulifxl 
than  in  A^teria^  and  Lepta^terlaa.  The  plates*  of  the  vp.nti:*!  n>w«  nr 
directly  united  with  tho  adambulaci-ul,  tui  na  to  leave  uo  Kpucvjs  lictu'ea 
for  the  papulfej  wliioh  ai*e,  therefore,  absent  along  the  vejitrtd  siLrfjiodMBH 

itlie  adambniacral  plutes ;  on  the  dorsal  surface  th(*y  ai'O  n^nully  iinwiJIIV 
in  pairs.  The  major  ])edie«Uan£e  itre  arranged  alon^  this  edgeM  of  tiu  1 
iiiubidacral  grooves,  and  a  few  iisnally  occiu'  jUi  the  adornl  angles,  l»etwe«n  I 
tJie  bases  of  tlie  rays.  m 

OphiHvti  uofhtm  Lt'TKiCN,  A«l(lit,  wd  Hiat.  Opkittriiiartiid,  ji,  4S,  |i!.  ii,  fig,  9,  *4^ 

Lot  li40.    Aiinauaetook  Harbor,  low-water,  October  7, 1877.     "CoW 

mimsou." 

nYDEOIDA, 

Sartnlsjfa  argentea  Elltsniid  Sol. 

Gravel  beach,  head  of  Camberland  Gulf,  low-water,  May  28,  ld78. 

HalaaiutzL  tQH^lliam  Hinchd. 

Gravel  beach ^  head  of  Cumberland  Gulf,  low- water,  lot  642,  May  2S, 

1878, 

Obelia.  Hp. 

With  last.  Also  from  Penny  Harbor,  low-water,  October  4,  1877, 
attached  to  Acidiopsis  complanata. 

ANTHOZOA. 

Urticina  crasBicomia  Ehreubcrg,  1834. 

Actinia  cramicornia  MClleh,  Prodromiift,  1770. 

Tmlia  cramcornia  GOSSE,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist. ;  Actiuologia  Brit.,  p.  209,  pi.  iv,  fig.  1. 
Bhodactinia  JJaviitii  AG. — Verrill,  Kevision  Poljiw,  in  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Kat. 
Hist.  vol.  i,  p.  1$,  (autlior's  copies,  1864J. 

Head  of  Ciimbeiiaud  Gulf,  low-water,  lot  007,  on  roots  of  Lami- 
Haria.    Auuanactook  Harbor,  May  10,  1878. 

Bunodea  spectabilia  Voirill. 

Arlinia  apcctabilis  Fabricil's,  Fauna  Groulandica,  }>.  M2,  1780. 
ISuiiodfs  skUa  Verrill,  Kevisiou  of  Polyps  Kastcni  Coast  of  U.  S.,  iu  Mem.  Bos- 
ton .Soc.  Nat.  liist.  i,  p.  16,  pi.  i,  figs.  1-S,  ISU. 

A  more  extensive  acquaintance  Avith  this  species,  and  a  careful  com- 
parison with  the  description  of  Fabricius  had,  some  time  ago,  caused  me 
To  unite  my  B.  steUa  with  the  Greenlaudic  species  (see  Check-list  of 


RADIATES.  153 

Marine  Invertebrata),  although  it  had  not  been  recorded  fit>m  any  local- 
ity between  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Greenland.  The  numerous  specimens 
in  this  collection  serve  to  confirm  that  conclusion. 

Common  at  low-water  in  the  Gulf  of  Cumberland  (lots  179,  237,  064), 
Penny  Harbor,  October  4,  lot  237.  Gravel  beach,  head  of  gulf,  June  1, 
1878. 

PORIFERA. 

Two  or  three  species  of  sponges,  not  yet  determined,  are  in  the  collec- 
,tion.  The  most  interesting,  as  well  as  most  common  one,  forms  elongated, 
erect,  rather  flaccid  tubes,  two  or  three  inches  high  and  .25  to  .35  in 
diameter,  open  at  top. 

It  occurred  on  the  gravel  beach,  head  of  the  gulf,  attached  to  stones, 
June  13, 1S78,  lot  770;  also  in  lot  643. 


INSECTS 

DIURNAL  LEPIDOPTERA. 


By  W.  H.  Edwards. 


Family,  PAPILIOXID^, 

Sub-family,  Papilionin^. 

Genas,  Colias,  Fabricius. 
1.  C.  Hecia,  Lefebyre. 

One  female  was  taken  at  Quickstep  Harbor,  Gulf  of  Cumberland,  lati- 
tude 66°.  This  Bpeeies  inliabits  Soutliem  Greenland  and  regions  to  the 
westward.  It  has  been  attributed  to  Iceland,  but,  as  is  now  supposed, 
erroneously.    It  also  inhabits  Southern  Lapland. 

Mr.  H'Lachlan,  in  his  Report  on  the  butterflies  collected  by  the  recent 
British  Arctic  Expedition,  states  that  C  ffaia  was  taken  as  fkr  north  as 
latitude  81°  45',  at  Hayes  Sound ;  and  he  gives  information  obtained 
from  Captain  Feilden,  B.  N.,  attached  to  the  Alert  as  naturalist,  on  the 
habits  of  Lepidoptera  in  these  high  latitudes.  **  During  the  short  period 
when  there  is  practically  no  night,  butterflies  are  continuously  on  the 
wing,  supposing  the  sun's  surface  not  to  be  obscured  by  clouds  or  pass- 
ing snow  showers.  That  about  one  month  in  each  year  is  the  longest 
period  in  which  it  is  possible  for  these  insects  to  appear  in  the  perfect 
state,  and  that  about  six  weeks  is  the  limit  of  time  allowed  to  plant- 
feeding  larvfe,  during  all  the  rest  of  the  year  the  land  being  under  snow 
and  ice."  Mr.  M'Lacblan  doubts  if  there  is  sufficient  time  in  each  year 
for  the  preparatory  stages  of  the  butterfly, — egg,  larva,  and  chrysalis, — 
and  is  disposed  to  think  that  more  than  one  year  is  necessary.  In  the 
northern  United  States,  the  larvie  of  Colias  frequently  pass  the  winter 
when  half-grown,  or  even  younger,  and  I  think  it  probable  this  is  the  habit 
of  Seda,  From  two  to  three  weeks  at  the  end  of  the  short  Arctic  summer, 
and  less  time  at  the  beginning  in  the  following  year,  would  seem  to  suf- 
fice for  the  whole  round  of  transformations. 

In  Dr.  Staudinger's  Catalogue,  Colin^  Boothiij  Curtis,  is  put  down  as 
a  synonym  of  ffecla;  but,  in  the  opinion  of  Mr.  M'Lachlan,  the  two 
are  distinct  species. 

155 


^'ATCfBAt.  inSTORT   OF   ARCTIC   AifERICA, 

It  is  remarkable  tliat  tLe  coiki;tiuii  of  l>att4?raies  made  by  the  BritUb 
Expertitiou,  between  latitude  7S'^  ami  Sli-,  well  toward  tbe  AirtirRn, 
should  exhibit  a  greater  number  of  ^pei^ies,  namely,  5,  tUan  is  kiiowaiji 
Soutlieru  Gi*eeiilaud,  where  we  are  told  but  4  species  have  hitUt'Uo  Ynxa 
taken,  and  this  northern  series  does  not  embraee  the  geniifi  CUionolta*, 
one  01'  two  species  of  wliicli  are  tbnnd  in  Greenland.  Besiile;^  f.  Htvk 
and  Argj^nnh  Folarifij  tiiken  by  'Mi:  KuuiheUj  were  Arg^nnh  Chsri^i^ 
Lffcwntt  Aquilo^  and,  most  surprising  of  all,  Chri/aophamn  PAEtftw,  a 
species  represented  throughout  the  northern  United  States  under  a 
slightly  different  form^  Americana. 

Family,  KYIIPHALID^. 
Sub  family,  XoipnALix^, 

Genns,  Arffpitm^  Fabricins. 

1.  A.  Fr«ya,  Thimberjg. 

Two  males  were  taken  in  Southwest  Greenland.  This  species  U  <Bfr 
tributed  over  the  boreal  regions  of  both  continents ;  in  America,  from 
Gi-eenland  to  Alaska ;  and  it  follows  the  Rocky  Mountains  as  far  to  the 
south  as  Colorado,    It  is  subject  to  very  little  TariatioD. 

2,  A,  PolarlBp  Boi&iliiTaL 

One  male  was  taken  at  Quickstep  Harbor.  This  species  is  more  re- 
stricted in  distribution  than  Freya^  and,  so  far  as  known,  is  limited  to 
Xortbeast  Americaj  from  Labrador  to  the  Arctic  Sea.  It  was  taken  by 
the  British  Expedition  as  far  to  the  north  as  latitude  81=^  52',  and  by 
the  American  Expedition  (Polaris)  at  81^  50'.  It  varies  much  iu  color. 
and  the  example  sent  me  by  !Mr.  Kumlien  is  remarkably  melanic  on  the 
upper  surface,  the  hind  wings  especially  showing  scai-cely  any  fulvous. 

Sub-family,  Satyrix.e. 

Genus,  Chionohds,  Boisduval. 
1.  C.  Semidea,  8n\ . 
Otno,  Boisduval. 

Two  males  wei-e  taken  at  Quickstep  Harix>r.  One  of  these  has  Ibe 
upper  surface  dark  blackish-brown,  and  the  discal  belt  on  hind  wings 
beneath  tUstinctly  outlined  on  both  edges.  The  other  is  light  or  pale 
black-brown,  and  the  belt  is  almost  lost  in  the  dense  markings  vliicli 
cover  the  wing.  But  specimens  from  the  White  Mountains  of  Se^ 
Hampshire  show  sinular  variation.  This  siwcies  inhabits  Labrador, 
and  the  Rocky  Mountains  at  verv  high  altitudes  as  fjEu:  south  as  CoJo* 


INSECTS.  157 

rado  and  New  Mexico,  In  the  TVliite  Monntains  it  is  abundant  on  the 
Bommit  of  Mount  Washington ;  but  in  the  territory  between  this  region 
and  Labrador  it  is  unknown,  as  also  between  Mount  "Washington  and 
the  Eocky  Mountains.  How  far  to  the  northwest  of  the  continent  it 
flies  is  not  known  to  me.  It  has  not  appeared  in  collections  from 
Alaska,  in  which  Frcya  was  represented  in  considerable  niunbers.  The 
peculiar  distribution  of  this  species,  C.  SemUlca^  by  which  it  inhabits 
mountain  summits  thousands  of  miles  apart  and  not  the  inter\'eni«^^ 
country,  and  in  the  White  Mountains  of  Xew  Hampshire  is  thoroughly 
isolated  and  restricted  to  a  very  small  area,  is  explained  as  in  the  case 
of  plants  similarly  distributed  and  isolated  (address  of  Prof.  Asa. 
Gray,  Dubuque,  1872).  The  advance  to  the  southward  of  the  glacial 
ice  pushed  before  it  multitudes  of  plants  and  animals,  forcing  them 
along  very  distant  lines  of  longitude  in  many  cases ;  and  when  the  re- 
ceding of  the  ice  took  place,  and  a  milder  temx>eratiire  began  to  prevail, 
some  species  which  had  obtained  a  foothold  at  the  south  remained  there, 
finding  a  climate  in  which  they  could  live,  upon  lofty  mountains  only, 
being  unable  to  exist  in  the  lowlands.  In  the  case  of  this  butterfly, 
such  a  climate  was  found  at  or  near  the  snow-line  in  the  Eocky  Mount- 
ains, and  upon  the  summits  of  the  White  Mountains. 


INSECTS 


rKENOPTBEA,  NOCTTJEKAt  LEPIDOPTEEA,  DIPTERA,  COLEOPTERA,  NEtJROPTEEA. 
AND  ARACHNIBA. 


Bt  S.  H.  Scupdbr  and  others. 


tie  insects  collected  by  Mr.  Komlien  were  very  few  in  number,  amount- 
to  only  sixteen  species ;  and  they  appear  to  add  little  to  our  previous 
wledge  of  the  fauna.  Nevertheless,  as  all  lists  from  high  northern 
lities  possess  a  certain  importance,  the  following  is  given.  The 
aenoptera  were  determined  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson ;  the  report  on  the 
idoptera  is  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Grote ;  Mr.  E.  Burgess  has  named  the  Dip- 
,  Dr.  J,  L.  LeOonte  the  Ooleoptera,  Dr.  H.  Hagen  the  Nenroptera, 
Mr.  J.  H.  Emerton  the  Arachnid. — Sashtel  H.  Soubbeb. 
he  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards 
examination,  and  appear  on  pp.  165-157. 

HTMENOPTERA. 

fo.  944.  B<mibu8  Ideustris  Cress.    One  si>ecimen ;  American  Harbor, 
Gulf  of  Cumberland,  July  6, 1878. 

lo.  1287.  Bomhua  sp.  near  B.  Scutellaria  Cress.,  and  probably  B,  green- 
Uindicus  Smith.    One  si>ecimen;  Godhavn,  Greenland,  August  3, 

1878. 

^o.  1431.  Limneria  sp.  (not  described).    One  specimen ;  Disko  Fjord, 
Disko  Island,  Greenland,  August  0, 1878. 

NOOTURNAIi  LEPIDOPTERA. 

'jaria  Bossti  Curtis,  Appendix  to  the  Second  Voyage  of  Sir  J.  Boss, 

Ixi,  PI.  A,  fig.  10. 
he  specimens  belonging  to  this  species  are  (1)  a  dried  larva,  black, 
1  yellowish  brown  hairs,  and  on  each  side  a  row  of  yellow  tufts,  arcti- 
m;  (2)  a  slight  cocoon  formed  of  the  larval  hair  like  those  of  the 
us  Orffyia\  (3)  a  single  worn  male  specimen  of  the  moth.  The  speci- 
&B  w«i6  collected  at  Annanactook,  Cumberland  Island,  the  latter  part 


IGO  NATTJEAL   HISTOEY    OF   AECTIC   A3IEEICA. 

of  J»iuG.  The  cocoon  lias  attached  to  it  a  fragment  of  a  lichen  nml 
several  coniferous  needleSj  and  was  evidently  formed  ou  the  groiuiUj 
these  objects  are  merely  slightly  attaohed  and  fonn  no  part  of  the  sink- 
tiire  itself.  The  cocoon,  which  is  close  in  texture^  yet  very  frsiil  and  li^^ht, 
contnins  the  black  and  shining  pupa,  wlucU  is  unusufdly  thickly  clutbed 
with  brownish  hair. 

Curtis  says  of  this  species :  "It  is  a  very  abundant  insect,  especially 
iu  the  caterpillar  state,  for  about  a  hundred  were  collected  on  the  10th 
of  June  1832^  near  Fury  Beach."  His  description  of  th<i  lana  doef*  uot 
well  accord  with  the  present  specimen.  He  says :  ' '  The  ca  teipiUar  hi  hrgn 
and  hairy,  and  of  a  beautiful  shining  velvety  blaclc,  tiie  haira  beiug 
somewhat  ochreous  j  there  aro  two  tuft.s  of  blacli  hair  ou  the  back,  fuJ- 
lowed  by  two  of  orange.'*  Hia  description  of  tlic  i>upa  riiid  wel>,  as  we]] 
as  of  the  perfect  insect,  agrees  Avith  tlio  sijecimcnsi  now  reei^ivotL  He 
gives  the  food-plant  of  the  larva  as  StU't/tatfa  trk'najmhita  Aud  & 
opjfosiii/'olmn 

I  have  re-corded  (PsycbCr  1, 131)  the  occurrence  of  this  species  alxA* 
the  tree- line  on  Mount  \A^ashington,  N.  U.  It  is  another  instance  ijf  the 
distribution  of  our  existing  species  of  moths,  throui^'h  the  agency  tiitbe 
change  in  climate  attending  the  Glacial  Epoch. 
5.  No.  1431.  A}t(\rta  mehnopa  (Tliunb.).  ^ 

A  i^ingle  spceiuien  collected  at  Di^ko  Fjorfl,  Disko  Island,  AugtisT 
IST^.  This  si)ecies  has  been  takc!i  above  tirnber-line,  13/>0U  feet  tk-ra 
tiun,  by  Litut.  W*  L.  Caii)eiitt'r,  on  Taos  Peak,  Iloeky  Mountaius.  It  is 
found  alno  iu  LabradoPj  and  has  been  collected  l>y  Mr*  George  Diiauiw'li 
near  the  suunnit  of  Mount  Washington. 

a  Xu.  111*7. 

A  .single  specimen  of  a  small  dusky  gray  moth  too  much  rubbed  f'tr 
positive  identification  and  otherwise  nuitilated.  The  eyes  are  nakeil, 
the  ocelli  apparent.  It  was  taken  lit  Kikkerton  Island,  Gulf  of  CumiM-i- 
huul,  July  2.J,  IST"^. 

DIPTEKA. 

7.  Xo.  1001.  Cuh'dt^\}.    One  specimen;  Anu^ican  Harbor,  Gulf  of  Cmii- 

berland,  July  10,  1.S78. 

8.  Xos.  lOliljlliiT.  Tipula  ant iva  Cuvt.    Two  specimens;  American  Hjh- 

bor,  Gulf  of  Cumberland,  July  10, 1878  j  and  Kikkerton  Islaml, 
Gulf  of  Cumberland,  July  25,  1878. 

9.  Ko.  1431.  Rhamphomijia  sp.,  perhaps  li.  nigrita  Zett.    Two  8|)ecimeasf 

Uisko  Fjord,  Disko  Island,  Greenland,  August  9, 1878. 


? 


INSECTS.  161 

10.  A  Tachinid  of  unrecognizable  genus;  two  pupa  cases  and  a  fly  which 

has  escaped  from  one  in  confinement,  with  crumpled  wings ;  found 
parasitic  on  the  larva  of  Laria  RosHtj  Annanactook,  Cumberlan<l 
Sound. 

11.  No.  1283.  Calliphora  erythrocephala  Meig.    One  specimen ;  Godtbaab, 

Greenland. 

12.  No.  1098.  Scatophaga  apicalia  Curt.  {=f  S,  squalida  Meig.).   One 

specimen ;  off  shore,  American  Harbor,  Cumberland  Sound,  July 
13, 1878. 

COLEOPTERA. 

13.  No.  1061.  Amara  hcematopus  Dej.  (Feronia) ;  Stereocorus  simiUs 

Kirby.  One  specimen ;  American  Harbor,  Cumberland  Sound, 
July  10, 1878.  The  species  is  found  generally  throughout  sub 
arctic  America. 

14.  No.  1041.  AgahuB  (Oaurodyies)  tristis  Aub6.    Fire  specimens  in 

poor  preservation;  Lake  Caroline  Mann,  Cumberland  Island,  Sep- 
tember 1, 1878.  The  species  is  abundant  in  Alaska  and  extends 
down  to  California  in  the  Sierra  region. 

NBUROPTERA. 

15.  No.  1611.  A  Limnophilid,  perhaps  an  Halems,    Several  larval  cases 

with  dried  larvse  in  some  of  them ;  the  cases  are  composed  of 
minute  scales  of  mica.  Lake  Caroline  Manu,  Cumberland  Islan<l} 
September  1, 1878. 

AEACHNTDA. 

16.  No.  1061.  I/ycosa  sp.,  probably  X.  grcenUmdica  Thor.    One  dried 

specimen ;  American  Harbor,  Cumberland  Sound,  July  10, 1878. 

Bull.  Nat  Mus.  No.  15 11 


PLANTS. 


LIST  0?  THB  PIANTS  COLLECTED  AT  POINTS  IN  CUMBERLAND  SOUND  BETWEEN  THE 
SIXTT-SIXTH  AND  SIXTY-SEVENTH  PARALLELS  OF  NORTH  LATITUDE  AND  ON  THE 
SOUTH  SHORES  OP  DISKO  ISLAND,  GREENLAND. 


By  Asa  Guay. 


The  Howgate  Expedition  arrived  in  Cumberland  Sound  about  the 
middle  of  September,  1877 ;  the  ground  was  then  covered  with  snow, 
but  this  melted  on  the  southern  slopes  some  days  later,  and  exposed  a 
few  plants  still  in  flower,  Campanula  rotuiidifoUa,  Lychnis  apetala,  Stella- 
ria  langipesj  var.  EdwarMij  &c. 

In  the  succeeding  sunmier  the  Florence  left  her  winter-harbor  early 
in  July,  and  while  there  was  yet  considerable  snow  I'emaiuing  in  the 
valleys.  At  the  time  we  left  our  winter-quarters  there  were  but  four 
or  five  plants  in  flower  in  the  vicinity,  such  as  Tarajcacmn  Dens-konhj 
Cochlearia  officinaZiSy  Sajcifraga  stellata^  and  Saxifraga  rirulariSj  var. 
hyperborea, 

Pyrola  rotundi/olia,  var.  pumila,  showed  buds  on  a  southern  slope  by 
the  last  day  of  May,  but  the  same  i>lants  were  not  iu  flower  by  July  7. 
The  season  appeared  to  be  unusually  backward,  frequent  suow-stoi'ms 
prevailing  till  the  latter  days  of  June. 

At  America  Harbor,  on  the  east  side,  and  nearly  opposite  Aunanac- 
took,  the  winter-harbor,  plants  were  in  much  richer  profusion  and  ap- 
parently more  than  a  week  earlier  than  at  the  former  place. 

As  large  a  number  of  plants  were  collected  here  as  our  short  stay 
■would  admit  of.  A  few  days  were  also  spent  at  the  Kikkerton  Islands, 
and  such  of  the  islands  as  were  accessible  to  us  faithfully  himted  over, 
but  many  species  were  not  yet  in  flower. 

On  the  south  shores  of  Bisko  Island,  Greenland,  we  collected  for  a 
few  days  in  August,  and  here  the  bulk  of  our  plant-ooUection  was  made. 

Many  species  were  found  here  that  we  had  collected  in  Cumberland, 
but  they  were  strikingly  more  luxuriant  and  generally  quite  abundant. 
In  the  following  list  the  species  collected  ht  points  iu  Cumberland  Sound 
will  be  indicated  by  the  letter  C  j  those  from  Disko  Island,  Greenland, 
by  the  letter  G.— L.  K. 

1C3 


Thalktrum  al^inum,  L,    G. 

TiJiuuin-uhis  niealisj  L.     C. 

Eaminculus  aj(Jinkj  B^  Br»     C. 

Jianun&ulHs,  not  identtfiecL 

pGpavcr  nttdicauie^  L.    0  and  G. 

Arahls  ofjwna,  L.     G  and  C. 

CochlearUi  ojjicinaUs^  L*    C. 

Vochkaria  (frdiettf  BcUl.    G. 

Draba  stclletta,  Jacq. 

I)r<iba  HfdJata^  var.  niralw,  Begl. 

Draba  crasififolm^  Grah.    G* 

DraJta  liirtn^  L.     0, 

Silvne  a^Mtnis^  L.    G  and  G. 

Lychnis  alj^inay  L.    G. 

LycJmU  aptikiJaj  L.    0. 

Lyvhrn  ojfinisy  WaLl.    0  and  G. 

Vermt'tum  ulpinum^  L.    0  and  G. 

St€llarm  longlpes^  Goldie* 

StfiU<tr!a  httffipc^j  var,  ^dtsardsiu    C  and  G» 

Ayctuiiia peploide^f  L,     G. 

I}rifa3  odopetfifn^  L. 

Dryas  octopetakij  var.  mtegrifolia^  Ch.  &  Sch.    0  and  G, 

Potentilla  nivea,  L.    C. 

PotentUla  maculata,  Pour.    C. 

Sibbaldia  procumbetis,  L.    G. 

AJchemilla  vulgaris,  L.    G. 

Saxifraga  rivularis,  L.    0. 

Saxifraga  rivularis,  var.  hyperborea^  Hook.    0. 

Saxifraga  cernua,  L.    G. 

Saxifraga  atellaris,  L.    C. 

Saxifraga  nivalis,  L.    C  and  G. 

Saxifraga  ccespitosa,  L.    G  and  G. 

Saxifraga  tricuspidata,  Eetz.    O  and  G. 

Saxifraga  oppositifolia,  L.    C. 

Epilobium  latifoUum,  L.    G  and  G. 

Archangelica  officinalis,  L.    G. 

Erigeron  uniflorum,  L.    G. 
H^lM^Aah'um  Korvegicum,  Gnnn.    G. 
^^^%iMirm  alpina,  L.    G  and  0. 


PLANTS.  165 


Arnica  alpina^  Murr.    O. 

Taraxacum  Deiis-lcaniSj  Desf.    G  and  C. 

Taraxa^sum  palmtre^  DC.    C. 

Campanula  rotundi/olia,  L.    C  and  G, 

Campanula  nniflora,  L.    G. 

Vaccinium  uUghwsum,  L.    C  and  G.    (var.) 

Arct08tapkylo8  alpina,  L.    C  and  G. 

Cassiope  hypnoiHes^  Don.    C  and  G. 

Cassiope  tetragona^  Don.    C  and  G. 

Bryanthus  tajcifoUus,  Gray.    G. 

Rhododendron  Lapponicum,  Walil.    C  and  G. 

Ledum  palmtre,  L.    O  and  G. 

Loueleuria  procumbens,  Desv.    C  and  G. 

Fyrola  rotundifoUa^  L. 

Pyrola  rotundifoliaj  var.  pumila^  Hook.    C  and  G. 

Diapemia  Lapponicaj  L.    0  and  G. 

Armeria  vulgaris,  L.    C  and  G. 

Veronica  alpina,  L.    G. 

Euphrasia  officinalis,  L.    G. 

Bartsia  alpina,  L.    G. 

Pedicularis  Zangsdorffli,  Fisch.    G. 

Pedieularis  Langsdorffii,  var.  lanata» 

Pedicularis  hirsuta,  L.    G  and  G. 

Pedicularis flammea^Jj.    G. 

Pedicularis  Lapponica,  L.    G. 

Mertcnsia  maritima,  Don.    G. 

Oxyria  digyna,  Campd.    G  and  G. 

Polygonum  viviparumj  L.    0  and  G. 

Empetrum  nigrum,  L.    0. 

Betula  nana,  L.    G  and  G. 

Salix  herbacea,  L.    C  and  G. 

Salix  glattca,  L.    C. 

Salix  arctioa,  B.  Br.  f    C. 

Hahenaria  aUnda,  B.  Br.    G. 

Hahenaria  Ityperhorea^  B.  Br.    G.    I^ew  to  Greenland! 

Tofieldia  borealis,  WabL    G  and  G. 

Luzula  spadieea,  DO.    C. 

Luzula  spadieea,  var.  parviflora,  May.    G. 

Luxvla  arcuata,  WahL    C. 


IGG 


XATUnAL   mSTORV    OF   ARCTIC    A3IEE1CA, 


Liizula  arcuata^  var.  htfptrhorea.    C. 
Erlophonim  Schcuchzeri^  Hoppe.    0, 
ErioplMrum  ■mghiatam,  L.     C 
Eriophortftn  poltfutnchyum^  L,     C. 
Ctfr&p  iaffopttiUf  Wall].     G. 
Ciifc^  riglda^  Gootl.    G. 
Cttrex  rariflnnt,  Wahl.     G. 
Hk-nwhloH  aJplmty  L,    C 
jlfojjf^^irrifs  alpintm^  L.     G, 
Po«  <i/pin£r,  h,    C  and  G, 
JVsfMctt  oHtia,  L,    0. 
jpi'»^MfV(  orma,  var.  hreviflora.    C. 
(ii^cerifi  antjtistfiftf^  IL  Br.     G, 
}Vooihi(i  hypcrlyorea,  H,  Br,     G- 
Ci/stophrin  fragiUu,  Bemh.    G, 
Astpidhmi  Londtltia^  Sw,     G. 
Pol ifpOiJ turn  Ih'i/opteris^  L.     G. 
EqittMedtm  nrvensf^  L,    G  aiirt  0, 
Ljicopodium  HvUgo^  L.    G  and  O* 


LICHENS. 


LIST  01  LICHEKS  COLIECTED  IN  THE  riCmiTY  OF  ANNANACTOOI  HAEBOB.  CTIMBEE- 
LAND  SOUND,  AT  ABOUT  LAT.  67°  N.,  LONG.  68"  A^  W. 


By  Edward  Tuckebmak. 


Cetraria  nivdliSj  (L.)  Ach.    G. 

Cetraria  cucullata,  (Bell.)  Ach.    G. 

Cetraria  islandtca,  (L.)  Ach.    G. 

Cetraria  isXandica^  var.  Belisw,  Br.    G. 

Dactylina  arctica,  (Hook.)  Nyl.    G. 

AUctoria  ochroleuca. 

Alectoria  ochroleuca^  var.  cincinnatay  Fr.    G. 

Alectoria  ochroleuca,  var.  nigricans,  Ach.    G. 

Alectoria  jubata,  (L.). 

Alectoria  juhata,  var.  chalyhei/ormis,  Ach.    G. 

Theloschistea  parietinus,  (L.). 

Thcloschisiea  parietinus,  var.  pygiiUBUS,  Fr.    D. 

Parmelia  saxatilis,  (L.)  Fr.    G. 

Parmelia  saxatilia,  var.  omphalodes,  Fr.    G. 

Parmelia  saxatilis,  var.  jwinnt/ormw,  Fr.    G. 

Parmelia  physodes,  (L.)  Ach. 

Parmelia  physodes,  var.  encausta,  Fr. 

Parmelia  physodea,  var.  alpicola,  Nyl.    G. 

Parmelia  stygia, 

Parmelia  stygia,  var.  lanata,  (Mey.).    G. 

Parmelia  conspersa,  (Ehr.)  Ach.    G. 

Parmelia  centrifuga,  (L.)  Ach.    G. 

Umbilicaria  velUa,  (L.)  Nyl.    G. 

Umlnlicaria  prohoscidea,  (L.)  Stenh.    G. 

Umbilicaria  prohoscidea,  var.  arctica,  Ach. 

Umlnlicaria  anthracina,  (Wahl.)  Schoer.    G. 

Umhilicaria  cylindrica,  (L.)  Delis.    G. 

Umbilicaria  hyperborea,  Hoffin.    G. 

Umbilicaria  erosa,  (Wei.)  Hoffm.    G. 


167 


NATURAL  HISTORY   OP  AUCTTC  AMEllTCJL 


PoUif/era  caniit^f  (L.)  nofCin,    G, 
PcUitfera  2ntltendcntaj  (TiiyL)  Xyl.    G* 
Pajinaria  kifpnoruntj  (HoUm.)  Koerb.    G. 
Ptacodium  cleganHf  DC. 
Placodium  viteUinum,  (EUrb,)  H«*pp, 
Lecanora  rtibina^  (Vill.)  Aclx. 
Lecanora  ruhbiOj  var.  opactij  Aclu 
Lecanora  furtarm^  (L.)  Acb.    G. 
Lecanora  oculaidy  (Dicks.)  Ach. 
Lecanora  ventosaf  (L.)  Ach.    G* 
Stereocaidou  tomentoxumj  Fr. 
St^eocauloti  t<*metitvmni^  var.  alphmmj  Lawr. 
&'tereo*jaif?«n  pattchaU!,  (L.)  Fr.    G* 
i$ft>r^<WMiaft  d^w^afjwt,  Flc&rk,    G. 
Gladonia  rajiglferifta,  (L*)  Hoftin. 
CUidon-h-  ranffifcrimtj  var*  alpestriSj  Bchoor. 
Oladoma  uncialisj  (L.)  Pr<    G* 
Cfadmtia  bdMtJlora,  Acli.  (SdiCBr.),    G. 
Oladankt  cortmoopioidm^  (L.)  Fr.    G, 

(J^dcmia  (fc/brtw/*,  (L.)  Hofflii.    G, 
HeterotJiecium  pezizoideum  Ach.    G, 
Buellia  papiJlatay  (Sommerf.)  Flot.    G. 
Sphcerophorus  fragilis,  (L.)  Pers. 


ALG^ 


LIST  OF  ALGAE  COLLECTED  AT  POINTS  IN  CUMBERLAND  SOUND  DURING  THE  AUTUMN 

OF  1877. 


By  \V.  G.  Farlow. 


Odottthalia  dentata. 
Ehodomela  svhfusca, 
Rhodomela  tenuusima. 
rolymphoiiia  arctlca. 
Delesseria  rostrata. 
Delesseria  alata, 
RJiodophyUw  veprecula, 
Uuthora  cristata, 
Phyllophora  interrupta, 
Pkyllophora  Tnemhranifolia, 
Ptihta  plumosa,  var.  serrata. 
Ceramium  rubrum, 
CallitJiamnion  Pylaiscei, 
Callithamnion  Eotkiu 
Chardaria  flagelliformis* 
Dictyosiphon  fceniculaceus, 
Fhlceospora  tortilis. 
Sphacelariu  arctica. 
Ck€etopteri8  plumosa, 
EctocarpuB  hiemalis. 
Ectocarpus  FarlotoU. 
Ectocarpua  Landsburgiit 
Ectocarpus  firmuSj  var. 

Monoatoma 1 

Cladophora  arcta, 

Ulothrir  flacea. 

Hmmatococcus  Ucxtstru  (Protoooccus  nivaUa). 


100 


MINERALS 


By  F.  M.  Endlicu. 


The  following  is  the  catalogue  of  the  minerals  collected  by  Dr.  Kum- 
lien.  Each  one  of  the  species  is  represented  by  a  number  of  specimens 
Interesting,  among  them,  is  a  collection  of  the  supposed  meteoric  stones 
from  Ovifak. 

SmitbBODian 
uumber. 

9580.  Supposed  meteoric  stones  from  Ovifak,  Disko  Island,  Green- 

land. 

9581.  Granite,  probably  from  a  drift-bowlder,  Greenland. 

9582.  Hose  quartz.    A  large  number  of  specimens  from  Greenland. 

9583.  Orthoglase,  from  Niantilic  Gulf,  Cumberland. 

9584.  TouRMALmE,  crystals  with  one  end  termination.    Some  of  them 

are  of  considerable  size.    Color  black.    Kiantilic  Gulf. 

9585.  Muscovite,  crystals  and  large  plates.    The  latter  contains  some 

hematitic  inclusions.    Kiantilic  Gulf. 

9586.  Muscovite,  crystals.    Niantilic  Gulf. 

9587.  Orthoclabe,  massive,  yellow.    Niantilic  Gulf. 

9588.  Biotitb,  in  small  crystals.    Niantilic  Gulf. 

9589.  Quartz,  colorless.    Niantilic  Gulf. 

9590.  Chalcedont,  gray  and  blue.    Disko  Fjord. 

9591.  Argtixite,  red,  compact.    Ovifak. 

9592.  Chalcopyrite,  massive,  in  quartz.    Cumberland  Gulf. 

9593.  Pyrrhotite,  associated  with  some  pyrite.    Cumberland  Gulf. 

9594.  Smoky  quartz,  massive.    Cumberland  Gulf. 

9595.  CHI.0RITE,  crystallized.    Ciunberland  Gulf. 
059C.  Apatite,  crystalline.    Cumberland  Gulf. 

9597.  Garnet,  variety,  probably  Spessartitej  crystallized  in  clusters  and 

single  large  crystals.    Cumberland  Gulf. 

9598.  Apophyllite.     Small  quantities  associated  with  Chalcopyrite, 

Cumberland  Gulf. 

171 


IISTDEX 


Page. 

Acidlopsig  complanata 152 

AcmcBA  testudiaalis 146 

Actinia  crasslcornU 153 

"       spectabilia 153 

Actitoma  bartramiuB ^ 

^{{ialitU  hiaticula 83 

"         acmipalmata 83 

^giothus  holbiiUi 76 

"        linaria 75 

Xolidia  papulosa 146 

Agabaa  (Gaurodytes)  triatia 161 

Agingak 89 

Aglek 89 

Agonidie 116 

Ajiik-kaljiijak 38 

Akagik 83 

Akeikselc 83 

Akpa ■-104,105 

Akpaniak 103 

Alchomilla  vulgaris 164 

Alcyonidiom  mytili 148 

Alectoria  jabata 107 

Jubata  Tar.  chalybelfoimia 167 

"         ocbrolenca 107 

ocbrolenca  Tar.  cinciimata 167 

"        ocbruIcncftTar.  nigricana 107 

Alga) 169 

Alopecunia  alpinaa 106 

Amara  hsmatopua 161 

Amarook 30,52 

Amaithuadly 27 

AaiathUla  Sabini 139 

Amgoouk  or  amnait 45 

Ampelia  garmlaa 74 

Anipbipoma 143 

AmpbiponiB  Stlmpaoul 143 

Amphitrite  cinclnnata 141 

Anarak 75 

Anaaboachaa 88 

Ancoot 28,29,30.43,44,46 

Ancoot  angekok 21,27 

Augt'koks 29 

Annelida 141 

Annelida 141 

Anwr  all>ifrons  rar.  gambRll 88 

"      hyperboreuB 88 

Antennaria  alpioa 164 

Anthozoa 152 

Antbns  IndoTicianna 73 

Apatite 171 

Apeltca 131 

ApophyUit* in 

Arabia  alpina 164 

Arachnida 160,161 

Archangelica  offlcinaUa 164 

Arctottaphyloe  alpiiw 165 

Arenori*  peploidw 164 


Page. 

Argyllite 171 

Argynnla 150 

Charlde* 156 

Freya 156,157 

"        Polaris 156 

Anneria  Tnlgaria 165 

Arnica  alpina 165 

Ascidia  callosa 147 

"       complanata 147 

"        condylomata 147 

"       echinata 148 

"       monoceroB 147 

"       mstica 147 

Ascidlopsis  complanata 147 

Anpidinm  Loncbitia 166 

AspidopboToidea  monopterygina 116 

Astarte  borealis 146 

Aateracanthion  albolus 151 

Mulleri 151 

' '             problema 151 

Asteriaa 1.^2 

AtAoiM 26 

Atlnka 85,89,56 

A4kbinlgan 27 

Ankbinlgan-machoni 27 

Anrora  borealii 31 

Avingak 53 

Awook 63 


Baird,Prof.S.  F 120 

Balanna  balanoidea 140 

"       crenatos 140 

Bartaia  alpina IfU 

Bean,  Tarleton  H 107,113 

Belnga  catodon 13, 24, 66 

Betnlanana 165 

Biotite 171 

I  BlTda 71 

Blennlaa  polarla 115 

Bombaa  lacastris 159 

8cat«UarU 159 

Boreogadaa  polaris 108 

salda 107,108 

BowbeadBIrd 85 

Brachyotns  palnatria 81 

Branta  bntcblnali 88 

Bryanthaa  taxifollna 165 

I  Bnccinnm  belcfaeii 145 

;          "        ciUatnra  Tar.  USneri 145 

I           "         glaclale 145 

' '         gr6nlandlanm 146 

"        bnmphroyaiaaam 145 

"        tenebroaom 146 

I  BncephaU f 80 


BneUlapapUUta 168 

173 


) 


■Cftliliitiet ..„.._. ......,..f,...  4» 

CilJdrl*  nrrtiiirl* —  -  ...^  ^  t.  ••^t  W 

CaiIl|iliijraciyIhiwrppli»U...... in.  j 

Cdllitliniimkq  Pjlulwi -.-. !(» 

Tlctlill. ,,.,-„,—..-  3W  I 

Cftllofipphalua  vlinlinti*  „.....* .SS,  fi&.  BT 

CnmiiMinliiirotnnillfOilla *l*Si  W5 

lUkiflo™  ..,„... ^..,. 18S 

CunptfilirmiiB  luUrwlDriuB. . . ^ ,-,,-'.  B9 

CMiJd  fluaKwrw  vftr.  bon-clia .  -  -  -  - -*  BU 

"     ori'lil**uLiiJLs  \M,  i;TM.nf«Hna ftU 

CaprtsIJo ,,.,^.», ..^..  73 

MilitijutriuUKiJa ,,.....U>i,lW 

CftTtaliigprJiiii. -....*.,..- im 

"     nulllum - .-  3M 

"     ligUlu .,-. -  IW 

OHT|VHiiiirnn  pnr|iiijn<ae  .>....... T5 

Cu*slu|M.<  LysmoJilLMi , ...,.,..  15© 

li'tmtitiiifl-.... 20,33,1«5 

CeUaHiiarhtrulatii.*-.. 14tt 

"       U.rr,i|i*... -...,-.„-,. 14& 

CcUvp^m  h;j^ali£ifl ,.,.,.,..,^.. ISU 

"          viimir-uttt. ....,.-.'■*.*«*••  ■.'■.'^.  150 

Crntriderniicbtb  JB .— 127 

CiftiitTPbleiiHiqH  tiubfliii*  .*,,.... .^..■,.. US 

C«TiH)iliim  tTi>»puiii  ...^. 109 

Cprantiuni  ftllx*iuuKi - -  IW 

CutACM ...^. 64 

CDitmia  cacullaCa... Ifi? 

'■        lMlitn>Jlc» ,. ,...,....,  1<ET 

'"        iilaudka  var.  Ih-liHte...^. i^ 

"         [Jvulid  ,. ....,,..,,-.  16T 

ChrPtftptcriift  plunwwa. ..* 109 

ChiUfwlfiny ,- - '  171 

Cliiiilto]iyMtfl , ITl 

CbtnnuhiLA 1^ 

Cl!iunolj(i.ft  fSt'inJJea.... ............ ^,.,...,,.13^  iST 

CbJtO'D  (Trtulc^rilln)  muFcuun^ ............  IKI 

Clilorke  .. 171 

Clitit-ilATiii  riagflUfuruildi ,...............-.,«  IM 

ChrjMimitnH 7S 

{.'lin,^ijiurlri«  IrlstiH  ..,.„.. ............  TtS 

Clil'Vi'u.i'jthilluij  Fluilu^iu IX 

CIiu'Ikh. ........,,.,.,...  73 

Ci4tt']i»^'iagr.inuljita...i. Ill 

ri34r<i[>Lnm  I'rLelAta... 30,4'.  04 

CtadiiiiiA  LH-lUdlllors . , I6f 

c<>rui|L'n]iiiai4]vM lOS 

ill  fonsiift  .... .,.. 10^ 

"        mu^iffriitB ,,  lS>i 

■"         iincliiIiQ iop 

Cliulojihora  aictn 169 

('lti|H'a  Iiari'iiyuii 137 

Clui»«-Hlii' 137 

Coclili-aria 27 

arclica IM 

officioaUs 01.163,164 

CodliJik 103 


Codltitukk  ...-..-, , ,...._.... 

coUuptwii ^ — .......tatu 

CnlbJi U 

CuKMiBoottill Ui 

*'    n»iU , 

tTou^tt.i'mt ,.-,......niiifl 

L'iit>uil)i»*nti-tlriM IB 

fMnp^trfniUioBiUa ,„.......     U> 

tonjuntui ^    Ml 

Curviucurtts.... V 

C«»t(lai.. .».< ...    m 

CoMun IHa» 

Colt  Its  «iiitu* in^Qi 

frVttiUmlliHM ...€llt  llii  tH^tS 

•'     MiU'MUl, m 

"■     (K^>fUcIiviJiptiM)«nc ....U%t9 

"     pftohjinw  ...-.,...---,..,-.-,,...„     ai^ 

poiurt*..-,........ iffV 

*•     cnuMlrliMim**.. -.,.,......-... .......     W 

*•     aiwiiiloldp* .107.  iM,iacMnmi3i 

'<    jin)iviuN...ia,^,au.6o.»v,itf7.ua.u&.iuw 

la 

"      MnrtiluM  vnr.  i:i'AtilBUiUi7ii)«....10i,  Ui,UI 

'*     imrtibUin  .,, mis 

Ctadx^ti  botvJie -.' ,...., a 

CnnvllAfUHl Ml 

CwwMW.  Mr.  K.T.„. .-■....*-..„.*. W 

Crfnli  ulium^ra Mt 

CnmWt-c*.... — IBiDI 

Cni'uitiaria  fnmilifaa. . .,  ,...      IN 

Cmabi^rLuiil  Enkliuo  .  .00,  fl1.a3.M.Qfi.n,«4.*ahl& 
«0.  AS,  H  M^  0«k  Ml  tOL  !«.  tOi  W 

C^miift  «'tL... ii 

Cydojitcrirtcp „,.,.... ,,,., ...     m 

CyrlnnttmK  lumpc*. IfT, US 

hfiinofuft-..,...... ..-......,     IJS 

Cygniis f ............. . .      M 

CpDDrll»tVd.ll!UfUTThllA W 

CyntUbk...........  ,..-.....-....— .....    m7 

"        came'm. .............................  Ill 

"        tthJjjiaT* ,...„^.  in 

"        TUOBfM'ero* IIT 

"        tilaceata t4l 

Cijiito|>u-rJ«rmt;;clSii... ,,^.-..-  I* 

I>Bctj'UiLuurcdm  ..,-...'....................  M 

DiiinY.  II Its 

Ik-Kiijr ,„..„.., Ill 

ItclcMcriti  aUU lit 

FustrnU til 

'  thpli^hindincnift  kuru .....................  fll 

Uf  tiiiniuitttiJM  ii^yuuliliifi. . . .  .......  ........ ..  Ui 

1)>  jiitm-f-j  roronoth fl 

'  Diaftf^UHiiJi  Laiiii^iiMnt. lA 

riiiiHtnpnm]>Etli[id Itt 

IMi'tyitftiptn'ii  fitiikukceaB . , IH 

l>i|it«rii 1J9 

Distopora 14JH  15* 

Sktnei 159 

"         vi-mirosa WO 

Dinmal  Li']iiil<>iitcra 156 

I  Dmba  cniRsifdlia 1(4 

I        '■      hhU 1«4 

I        "      steUata m 


INDEX. 


175 


Page. 

sllata  Tar.  airiilia IM 

topetaU IM 

topeUla  TOT.  Iiit«grifoU» 164 

imata 151 

UBForlowU 169 

flnnnfi,  Tar 109 

lilemalia 189 

LaDdsburgii? 109 

,  TV.  n 155 

Ufi 86 

J.  n 159 

m  nfgruin 17,78,77,60.105 

ax  Haviveotris 81 

ak 101 

V.Td 171 

III  latifuUum 164 

marveuse 166 

uniHonim 164 

um  ]>o]yBtachyam 166 

Scheuelizerl 166 

Taginatum 160 

a 149,150 

a  BDsata 140 

lobaU 150 

rosacea 149, 150 

Saniii 150 

vulgaris 140 

dea 149 

cocciuea 149 

-'ranium 77 

:>• 13 

nconatans 130 

trcmafi  npinosaR 115 

iuofficfoalU 165 

critftata 109 


D(lican« 

W.Q 

CaptatD.  S.  V  . . . 
,  Govi-niur  Edgar . 
ovina , 


W 

169 

155 

70 

166 

oviua  var.  breTlflora 106 

107 

ilaaiTtii'a 103 

I'liiculoflua 10, 20 

ifl  glacialia 101 

t 108 

ibricii 108 

lorrlma 109,110 

zac 60,107,110 

Mt 110 

tak lU 

ii«U *. 109 

i 57 

UH n 

li)riista 139 

ornatus 139  I 

171 

.trida> 129  \ 

^i-UB  Bcideatas 130  ' 

iniKalptoB 129  | 

maineoiU 131  I 

nubuloBiu 131  1 


Pago. 

GaaterMteaa  ptmgitiua 107, 108, 129, 130, 131 

"  "       Bubsp.  brachypoda . .     129 

Oemellaria  dumoaa 148 

loricatft 148 

Gepbyrea 142 

GiU.  Theodore 124,130 

GlyrorlB  aDgmiLara 160 

01:^TiiL«rJ«  Eiimjiiia 145,146 

Onapballum  Nurv^gluam 164 

GckkIp,  G.  BroTTTi 113 

Gnuialua  carbo 37 

Granite 171 

Gray,  Asa 163 

Grote,  A.  R ISO 

(Jru« 1  (probably  fraterculiu) 88 

Gnlo 63,71 

GoDcUus  fusciatiu 115 

tiUutbi-r  108,  no,  115,  U6, 124, 130 

G>innucjiiittiiiH]>bitilti^'t- 107, 127 

liyiuDi'liii  viridin 107, 112 

Gj-moocanthos 127,128 

Habenoria  albida 165 

hypcrborea 165 

nicinatococcus  laciutria  (Piotocorcoe  nira- 


lU) 


160 


Hagen,  Dr.  n 150 

Iliil^'f'iuiu  t4'[if'l|Ei]|i 152 

BalesuB 161 

HaUaetnaalbicitb....! 82 

Halocynthia 147 

"           ochioat* 148 

partita 148 

"          pQlchella 148 

pyriformia 148 

mstica 147,148,149,150 

"          tabercalom 148 

vIlloBft 148 

Harelda  glocinlis 80 

IliL]-ui4»tliouuiiliricjita 141 

Hart,C 128 

Harwood,  Dr 138 

Ileterotheclam  [wzlzoideam 108 

llJiiCM-'liluiiatitliiki.         106 

Hlpi»Of;lt»iwin  vult'firi'^- 108 

Hijjpulytp  Fabri<'il 139 

ntppotliuA  hj-ullnn, iM 

£Ii!itrioiiurii»tor4iit/)tki« hO 

TTitTtrj^wli'.Cnjilalu   5 

IIiiti][»'lw«'k  nf  >«'haifFq M 

IlyasaranouB 140,148 

Hydroida 152 

n>inenoptera 139 

Ilyperia  nietlusarum 139 


Ibeen 

Icelas  hamatuB. 

Igatiftook 

Igloo 


55 

128 

101 

50 

Inarcta 155,159 

bbuDgak M,95 

Ivik 03 

JanoohyenwlU 78 


lUiUuk 

K&rmilc ^. ..»,...- IH 

Ko-kcmUuk - 10» 

KitEtlk M 

Karlunuk ..-*-.. VXS 

KAMt^k...... -.... ..*- M 

Kftn«t»i»k .  - 

Klilnillc  ....„.-.. .........^ W 

KilSnnsttk .«-.-. - * - '^  ^^ 

KlIMiukk 00 

Kuii-iiwk«Ttj»]E.. ..—.....**..*.*".*.>....  «T 

-KflWof -irlwten -^, 00 

KluffilAlik ^ W 

«! 

« -.-, r7 

»>llk..» ..,-  « 

XtrkMWMuk .» »L 

Kmiv»kft ..*..., IW 

.,» a 

„««..-— 711 

Kowiilln .k.u... ZT 

Kuksuk ma 

KuuiM,  Mr  .  ..^  11.47,00,  ll»T.lWt,I0»/Iin,U2.  IIS, 

KuBf  BAk-lotik.  -  V ..,,, ..>..  73 

LmiumUimmU*.  •.#>»>«>•»»« —  73 

i-ni£«>1>u» *....r... ..,..». S3 

lUttili  ,,,.^.».. '*.— ««*k«,^....,.  SI 

"       tnpmtrla. 

VamlBiirtii-,, ,,.,..- .,.,..»*,  149,150,  Tlfi2 

IjiiIm  UumLI , ,........,,.159,161 

lMtll» 13 

"       nrjErilTntni. ., 97,00^ 

■'     tnakHnl* im 

"      glftuivut .,...,.3i92,B5,oa,»7,S« 

"      luil(^Wo*ll..*. PS 

"     liiiiiiiiTtitrui .Sji,OT,D^ 

'*     Biiiiuu«  .....t. 08 

ItfetiHim  •■«itlHl4<^....,^.-,..--.t.t.. .......  Its 

"         luliliift 103 

"         riititntft  *iir.  Apttcii IVB 

"        if^rmrfMi,  ...,,,.,.„ , 108 

"          inidiM IBB 

l.i.l\i|tli\  tK   J    L  .,..*........... .....  139 

l.t,\\mu  y*\n»Hia  ,,. ..., . .. ,30.143 

I  «>iM4  liutkiiUrli 1^ 

I I  i>tiU>vt'*'<<i,  NiM-tiimM  ,.....,'*....... l^a 

ivkUrtiU  iiiuiltt  ............................  M9 

tk'|>ltt«l«tLHI         .■ ]^ 

(Jrtli^bUMllCA..... 13.1 

"            Miillv-ti , *,-,.-,,..„  151 

kvv>'4||Ui'U)lM .27, 5$,  T4 

VltWlM             * •> •-  iCT 

Uww44  UuilMtuLra ..» ^ 

il^WjUIUI* u% 

Vl|W4M ,^ -  W 

raliiMl no 

115 

UUMfUl ...• lis 

,..«,... ..io,i07.UB^ua 


luulHUnll* . 
MiffBlitim  Icnislmi 
UimibnintpQr*  :^phkD ....»«.•_    H 

U«rgii1u4»tl«  - ^,... .............. «4t,...,jiHM 

3Ieri?n>5  wTTfator ....... . ^,..,..       ■ 

^cr]niLg;u>ft  carbonariiiA ,,.     id 

Uf rirn^ia  Diian tlmu  .......i... . ....      M 

^kD'CrvHlaEHtiln: Dt 

aiinlMTn  Utui..  r.5.N.  -...-...— .-.,.-l«M«3 

^CNUuJmtintCrc&i'Uaf  (nhm. .........ItiklO 

"'         <li*ccpra, , ,., „     IH 

"  lirri^tA ...........  ^-,.,..,-.      in 

MomflhfnUn*,... Ill 

TTilgarift. ...„     14 

MuUiuiciitilH M 

Moliiuk^ ,._.„.-...„, ^iti 

JdontHjop  monomno^ ,..-,...,^. St^C 

Mciuttfttumu .'. Ill 

MnrrLiii  ..........-.,.,,.. W 

iiiLktok ..— mc 

.UnntnotiievfluciAtiu .„^.. .......  03 

Hu*M«ite, in 

^loBlt^la  «rmiiii» B 

llyn  tmncntJi  --,..,..,....-... „„.,  Ml 

^f Otke  torqujilUA -.,.. B 


:^^■B» 

^■imcik . ...1. 

»tlDOk>C» 

X«-kEiorEtiviTak ._.....- 
Nambal  of  wbuJeineBi. 

NA.vanlliik 

NA>'iiuiirRuk. 

NnuertLiUr 


INDEX. 


177 


Page. 

Kereis  peUtgla* , 141 

NetsiaTik 55 

Ketsick 55 

y  eiiroptera 159, 161 

Kowjiah 05,99 

X  o  w  yah 98 

Nuuienias  borealia 68 

Nyctea  scandiaoA 81 

Kyuii>liiilld» 156 

Obelia 152 

Oceanites  oceanlck 102 

Odoutbolla  dflntata ira 

(Edetnia 1 93 

Ogjook 61,  ey 

OkaitMk 94 

Okuodlook 53 

Otniak 43 

OmmastTcpbes  illeoe  broM 145 

Oniiiiittoplea  Sttmpeonl 143 

Oobudluk 101 

Oojwik 41 

Oo-H<Hjk 61 

Upliiojilypha  nodouk 152 

Ophiura  nodosa 1S2 

OpiKJuak  81 

Opik... 81 

Opirksook ,.  81 

Orca  gladiator 157 

OrKj-iu 159 

Orpisgiaatook 75 

Orthoclaae 171 

Ovifak 171 

Oxyria  digyna 165 


Pagomya  ftsUdna  ..  Ul,  17. 83, 24, 89;  44, 49, 55, 83, 71, 

73,78,109 

Patfopbila  obome* 99 

Piit:ophilu8  grcBTilMidloM 88,61 

P^ik 94 

PaDDBiia  hypDumm 168 

PupiivL-r  Dudicaole 164 

I'lipilioDidffi 165 

Pannelia  ci>Dtrifag» 167 

"         cuuspem ( 167 

pbysodes 167 

phyBodee  Tar.  alpioola 167 

phyflodea  Tar.  encauste 107 

"        sBxatUia 167 

sazatllls  TBr.  omphalodec 167 

"        saxatiUs  TUT.  paunifonnto 167 

*'         rtygia 167 

"         RtygU  var.  lunata 167 

PediculariB 19,28 

flammea...-. 165 

hirsnto 165 

LangidortH. 165 

La&f{*dorfii  var.  lanata. 105  i 

LappoDlM 105 

Pelti);eracanLiia. 108 

pulvenilenta 108 

PenDy,  Captain 18 

Pentacta  fruiidosa 151 


Pftge. 

Peaholak 104 

PbalarupUB  fnlicariiu 84, 85 

Phaa<:oIo8oiua  margaritaoenm 142 

I'bota  barbata 18,24,3^40,43,61 

PlilorOMpora  tortUis 160 

Phul»ftor  vi'utralig 128 

Phnricnu  communlf 66 

Pbyllodwf  Ordnlandica 141 

Phyllupbora  intemipta ira 

"           membnuilfolla IGO 

Phygalis  antiquorum 66 

Pickaniiiny  pussy 65 

PingHstiit    26 

P;Dicola  enui'leator 75 

Placodiam  elegans 168 

TUellinum 168 

PbintH 163 

Platfssa  glavlnlis 108 

Platysotnatichtbys  bipxraglossoldes 108 

Plectrnphanes  lapponicos 77 

nivalis    70,77,78 

Plenronectes  Franklinll 108 

glaber 108 

(Rhombus)  gUdalto 108 

PleuronectidsB  108 

Foaalpina  80,160 

"    arctioa   77,91 

PoUacbius  carbonariua  109 

Polygonum  Tivipariun 105 

Polypodium  Dryopt«ris 166 

Polysipbonia  arotica , 160 

Polystieta  stoUerl 89 

Polysoa 148 

Porlfera 153 

Potentilla  macnlAtft 104 

nivoa 104 

Protomedeia  fiudata 116 

Ptarmigans 72 

Ptilota  plumosa  Tar.  serrat* 169 

Puffinus  knhli 102 

"       m^JoT 103 

Pye M 

Pygoateoa 130 

"         ocoldentalU 130 

Pyrula  rutundifolia 165 

rutondifnlia  var.  pnmlla 103, 105 

PjTTbotite 171 

PyiThula           74 

*'        europ«« 76 

Quartz I7l 

RadlatM 151 

Rae,  Dr 108 

Rangif«r  taraodos 13, 54 

BanunculuB  afflnls 104 

"          nivalis 164 

nutidentifled 164 

Bazor-back 60 

Becurvlrustris  americana 84 

B«inbanitiiis  hippogloasoldM 108 

Bhamphomyia 101 

"            nlgrlta 101 

Bhodaotinla  DavUU 163 

Bhododcndron  Lapponlmun 106 


Bull.  Nat.  Mub.  Ko. 


Page. 

I    Shodom^A  nbftiKm ,.>..-» in 

"          tenuiHiml. 106 

'   -Bhodephj-lliftTeprectila  ..,. —  IM 

RhynrboncUa  jjiittAoea.. ...... .~.....-,,,^.-.  140 

I     ai(«b»rilwni    - , .-  10* 

Ridrwiiy.  Prof TB 

Rlitaa  Iriductj'la ,,,.,„.„,.^ &9 

■'     tiHilju.-tylos*..-,, _.».......* 14 

Rose  .[iiMrtB — -.f.-  --.-  171 

IUm«,  &lr  J IB* 

tSiKiwtfbftrTiiRidiB    --.. 138 

.l9HK»|tbiur,vnx  Au^nllom 1^ 

fibbconiJ^riii  l)Dii9[ili« 14E> 

Sftlisa^tk-a  Ifi5 

I         "     ylnm^n ,.._.,.» ,^.,,,__...  185 

1                hiirtmciu ........................ ..  lOfi 

Bftlmo   -, ,2&.ia5 

'"      Hc«niU  .,.....-.. 135 

'*      Sarral ,  ,. „---  IS5 

'■      lular ..........20Jirt 

SBlnsemidiB IW 

S«lv elinus  rtUpt*    .,.,,.. 135 

I"          ftfrlTinj* 135 

Hn-nUi -.-  iA5 

Nnreri 10T«]3S,137 

uitidua 135 

SarUarwMik-  .,__,.-.„...„ ......  Be 

SfttjriniK* -     ---. ,. 166 

^»vlrara  arcMc*- ----.-. - .-  lifl 

Sfta iL-oU  (i-rittQtbe         Tfl 

Saxifmi^  {iiit^aplt-iHii .  ....^..>...^^......«.^.  104 

ii            "         reimiia.--..^., -...-. --.,.--.  --.-  18* 

niTalia , IG4 

"           i»i.|)M*itLfiJlia I'M 

riv-iilu-riu            ..,.. ,,-.  H^ 

rk-ulu,rt«  var.  byperborML_.-»^,lB3,  IM 

rttfllaris 164 

stflliita 163 

triniLtpidata 164 

ScHtophaga  apiraJis 161 

Scbisehimani       27 

Scbizoporellft 149 

Scolocophagii3  femigineos 78 

Seuadcr.S.  H 159 

Sea-hpu 94 

Serl)ek 104 

Sert^ak 104 

Serttilariaargentea 152 

S^8eniin6 26 

Shalgak 84,  85 

Sliermim,  Mr 6,  7 

Sibbaldia  procunibens 164 

Si^'t'reak SO 

Sib-ne  acualia 164 

Sionikitsook 93 

Sitta  carolinensia 74 

Siiii-us  nieviuB 75 

Smith,  S.  I 139 

Smitt,  l)r  149 

.Siiiitz,  Kriinip  70 

Snioky  quartz 171 

Somuttria 18,21 

Somatrriit  muUiBsima 13, 72, 80, 93, 99 

specUbllls 21,93 


Bphnwlftriii  nrctic* — 

SjfbajmpboruB  frikgUia W 

Hj>lrorbi9  InrndJii..-- ...  -,,„,..*,^..,..-»-  14S 

"        '{luulriiLj^iUTla     ..  ,,,^^ Mt 

Stiiu<ilDK«n  Dr   ....._.........  ..........  tai 

.SCi>]lrirlii  lria^p4.-4 . . . . . IM 

lo&^llK-Ji  TV.  Edwudaij  . . .  ......101,111 

Sti-phiUiMieriaj ., .,....,.  ISl 

albuU Id 

Stercomrfu*  buflani  -^  ---,..h,  . M 

"            paraettii'Uft     .     ..^.....«... —  M 

^*             pomatnrbliiiu   ...     * M 

SI-iirwifAulQli  deoodiatUKi UB 

'^'            pUhcbALc. -  ..     ..-...<  W 


TRT,  ■IpinoiD , , . . .  Itt 

Bi^reDOOTTiJi  aLmiliB Ifl 

Sl^^niB  u-QtifA. ..   ^..,. M 

■■     mttomrt. , ..HUl 

SrtebBWw.  ....  - - 115 

Stunu,  inppoflediiLBtevriD.... .,   ......  171 

Strepallaii  taterpm  .<.  ..^..«. — ...•^..,^..  M 

Strijt  scuidiBc».n., ,,„.....,^ 97 

&troDp;yloc«iitTolTU  DrfibHitalaul*  ..  ISS 

E^utn  lisHHima ..».......>.  H 

SDtitak , a 

SylliH . in 

To*:b>  tiinete  bicolor  ...,.„ 74 

I'nnujetLtn  UpitLti-kiDDta ]a,10(i 

Tftttftrtt... •• 

Tesilia  muBiilooniii  .- IS 

TfiUliivak -  ft* 

Tbiilictrum  alplnum  -,.,-..,*^.,.^--, ......  J6l 

TLtd:]>L-pui  ohjcJunatDii .....^...  iH 

Tbrkisi-^biBtea  purietlnas  .................  IST 

"                   "         TBT.  pygnuDus HT* 

Tichemaai 14 

Ticbemaniadlo 14 

Tigak M.6II 

Todliroenfi 2« 

Totii'ldia  borealia .'. —  IC 

ToocUik U« 

Tomiet -*y 

Toniauiartook    p^ 

I  Tonmarank    --  29.3" 

TofaiiuB  melonoleacos M 

Tounnaline 171 

Touyunaik      49 

Trichecbua  rosmama 13, 47.  <i3 

Trinlopa  pinKelii 12jJ 

Trio^acaDUtUB     ■• ^ 

fusctcoUia M 

"       maritima M 

mioatiUa W 

subarquata 87 

Tnipbuii  truncatas 140 

Tiickernian,  Bdward 1<I7 

Tudluak 78 

Tukagv^jok 83 

Tuktoo S4 

Tnllaak 78 

Tunak a,14 

Tnnaro M 


k 


INDEX. 


179 


Tiinnak 

Tutinuk 

Tuniua  alicis 

Tnrtouia  minnta . 

TTlothrix  flacca . . 


Pftg«- 

14 

14 

73 

146 

169 


UiubilirariA  unthrncina 167 

cylindrica 167 

<r<>8a 167 

byperbnrea 167 

proboscidea 167 

proboBCidea  var.  arctica 167 

vellea 167 

TJriacarbo '  lOS 

"    grylle 24,108,104,105 


Page. 

tTronectea  Parryi 115 

tTmts  marltimnB 13, 47, 48 

Urticliia  craaBiconia 1S2 

trtamania  torda 103 

Yaccinium  nliginoBiuo 10, 78, 77,  60, 165 

Veronica  alptna 165 

VfirUl,  A.  E 141,147,151 

Yulpes  lagopaa 49,77 

Whale-bird 85 

Xema  aabisii 101 

ZiphidiontidB ....      lift